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href="https://www.academia.edu/17751809/Spoligotyping_followed_by_double_repetitive_element_PCR_as_rapid_alternative_to_IS6110_fingerprinting_for_epidemiological_studies_of_tuberculosis">Spoligotyping followed by double-repetitive-element PCR as rapid alternative to IS6110 fingerprinting for epidemiological studies of tuberculosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A total of 129 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis representing 91 patients were typed by a combination of direct-repeat (DR)-based spoligotyping and an inter-IS6110-PGRS (polymorphic GC-rich region)-PCR, also designated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17751809" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A total of 129 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis representing 91 patients were typed by a combination of direct-repeat (DR)-based spoligotyping and an inter-IS6110-PGRS (polymorphic GC-rich region)-PCR, also designated double-repetitive-element PCR (DRE-PCR). During the first phase of this investigation, 72 clinical strains representing 52 patients were initially typed by IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DR-RFLP, followed by spoligotyping and DRE-PCR. In the second phase of this investigation, the discriminating ability of spoligotyping plus DRE-PCR was studied for 57 isolates from 39 patients who were suspected to be epidemiologically linked, and the typing results were later confirmed by IS6110-RFLP and DR-RFLP analyses. The molecular clustering of the isolates remained identical irrespective of the methods used. These results show that the association of two PCR-based fingerprinting techniques for molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis has ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17751809" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40865617ac68ceb1d781569c698a0435" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42233503,"asset_id":17751809,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42233503/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25038775" href="https://campus-paris-saclay.academia.edu/ChristopheSola">Christophe Sola</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25038775" type="text/json">{"id":25038775,"first_name":"Christophe","last_name":"Sola","domain_name":"campus-paris-saclay","page_name":"ChristopheSola","display_name":"Christophe Sola","profile_url":"https://campus-paris-saclay.academia.edu/ChristopheSola?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25038775/7938891/8893409/s65_christophe.sola.jpg_oh_76cbc8803dd0cf276f69dae08650f50a_oe_55b66efc___gda___1434061207_e5641b0a84bb03e1cea992b12fa6690b"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17751809 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17751809"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17751809, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17751809", }); 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During the first phase of this investigation, 72 clinical strains representing 52 patients were initially typed by IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DR-RFLP, followed by spoligotyping and DRE-PCR. In the second phase of this investigation, the discriminating ability of spoligotyping plus DRE-PCR was studied for 57 isolates from 39 patients who were suspected to be epidemiologically linked, and the typing results were later confirmed by IS6110-RFLP and DR-RFLP analyses. The molecular clustering of the isolates remained identical irrespective of the methods used. These results show that the association of two PCR-based fingerprinting techniques for molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis has ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42233503,"asset_id":17751809,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25038775,"first_name":"Christophe","last_name":"Sola","domain_name":"campus-paris-saclay","page_name":"ChristopheSola","display_name":"Christophe Sola","profile_url":"https://campus-paris-saclay.academia.edu/ChristopheSola?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25038775/7938891/8893409/s65_christophe.sola.jpg_oh_76cbc8803dd0cf276f69dae08650f50a_oe_55b66efc___gda___1434061207_e5641b0a84bb03e1cea992b12fa6690b"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43665,"name":"Molecular Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Epidemiology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":43666,"name":"Clinical 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href="https://www.academia.edu/73400605/Typing_of_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Strains_Resistant_to_Rifampicin_and_Isoniazid_by_Molecular_Biological_Methods">Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Resistant to Rifampicin and Isoniazid by Molecular Biological Methods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73400605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="217037069" href="https://eimb.academia.edu/VladimirMikhailovich">Vladimir Mikhailovich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="217037069" type="text/json">{"id":217037069,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Mikhailovich","domain_name":"eimb","page_name":"VladimirMikhailovich","display_name":"Vladimir Mikhailovich","profile_url":"https://eimb.academia.edu/VladimirMikhailovich?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/217037069/75387650/63897565/s65_vladimir.mikhailovich.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73400605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73400605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73400605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73400605", }); 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72387102/Molecular_mechanism_of_chorismate_mutase_activity_of_promiscuos_MbtI">Molecular mechanism of chorismate mutase activity of promiscuos MbtI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Salicylate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MbtI, initiates the biosynthesis of siderophores by converting chorismate to salicylate. Nevertheless, three more distinct activities for wild-type MbtI have been detected in vitro:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72387102" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Salicylate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MbtI, initiates the biosynthesis of siderophores by converting chorismate to salicylate. Nevertheless, three more distinct activities for wild-type MbtI have been detected in vitro: isochorismate synthase, isochorismate pyruvate lyase, and chorismate mutase. In this work, hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics methods have been used to get the first simulation of the chorismate mutase activity of MbtI.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72387102" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f072ed687778ec1bc6657bf2a37744e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81332993,"asset_id":72387102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81332993/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36126834" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SilviaCastillo18">Silvia Castillo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36126834" type="text/json">{"id":36126834,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Castillo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SilviaCastillo18","display_name":"Silvia Castillo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SilviaCastillo18?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72387102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72387102"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72387102, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72387102", }); 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In this work, hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics methods have been used to get the first simulation of the chorismate mutase activity of MbtI.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81332993,"asset_id":72387102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36126834,"first_name":"Silvia","last_name":"Castillo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SilviaCastillo18","display_name":"Silvia Castillo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SilviaCastillo18?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":4431,"name":"MBTI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MBTI?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":7936,"name":"Quantum Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Mechanics?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":35637,"name":"Molecular Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Mechanics?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":216526,"name":"Free Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Energy?f_ri=68318"},{"id":354019,"name":"Active site","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_site?f_ri=68318"},{"id":645605,"name":"THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THEORETICAL_AND_COMPUTATIONAL_CHEMISTRY?f_ri=68318"},{"id":845691,"name":"Reaction Mechanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Mechanism?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1698596,"name":"PMF","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PMF?f_ri=68318"},{"id":3430039,"name":"Rate Constant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rate_Constant?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71255093" data-work_id="71255093" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71255093/Tuberculous_otitis_media_two_case_reports_and_literature_review">Tuberculous otitis media: two case reports and literature review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Tuberculous otitis media can be difficult to diagnose because it can easily be confused with other acute or chronic middle ear conditions. Compounding this problem is the fact that physicians are generally unfamiliar with the typical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71255093" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Tuberculous otitis media can be difficult to diagnose because it can easily be confused with other acute or chronic middle ear conditions. Compounding this problem is the fact that physicians are generally unfamiliar with the typical features of tuberculous otitis media. Finally, the ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71255093" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4856dd25ddb7fda70a70a0dc0aa3036d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80679038,"asset_id":71255093,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80679038/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30431996" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammadAwan18">Muhammad Awan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30431996" type="text/json">{"id":30431996,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Awan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MuhammadAwan18","display_name":"Muhammad Awan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MuhammadAwan18?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30431996/40347688/33075199/s65_muhammad.awan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71255093 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71255093"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71255093, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71255093", }); 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Compounding this problem is the fact that physicians are generally unfamiliar with the typical features of tuberculous otitis media. 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Prior sensitization to environmental mycobacteria is known to suppress immune responses against BCG and M. tuberculosis.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70490207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies possess immunomodulatory effects during tuberculosis infection. Prior sensitization to environmental mycobacteria is known to suppress immune responses against BCG and M. tuberculosis. Mycobacteria-induced antibodies can influence events such as complement activation and phagocytosis during infectious process. In the present study role of anti-M. tuberculosis IgG (anti-M. tb IgG) antibody during interaction between M. tuberculosis and human macrophages mediated through complement has been examined in vitro. Anti-M. tb IgG antibody significantly enhanced complement activation by M. tuberculosis. Phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis by macrophages increased significantly in the presence of complement and/or antibody. Moreover, antibody enhanced phagocytosis in the presence of complement. Addition of antibody alone or in combination with complement also augmented intracellular viability of bacilli within macrophages. Results of this study showe...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70490207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49a891c470513885f9a8f42d78394348" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80223062,"asset_id":70490207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80223062/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="115156324" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VadakkuppattuRamanathan">Vadakkuppattu Ramanathan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="115156324" type="text/json">{"id":115156324,"first_name":"Vadakkuppattu","last_name":"Ramanathan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VadakkuppattuRamanathan","display_name":"Vadakkuppattu Ramanathan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VadakkuppattuRamanathan?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/115156324/136352835/125805078/s65_vadakkuppattu.ramanathan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70490207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70490207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70490207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70490207", }); 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Prior sensitization to environmental mycobacteria is known to suppress immune responses against BCG and M. tuberculosis. Mycobacteria-induced antibodies can influence events such as complement activation and phagocytosis during infectious process. In the present study role of anti-M. tuberculosis IgG (anti-M. tb IgG) antibody during interaction between M. tuberculosis and human macrophages mediated through complement has been examined in vitro. Anti-M. tb IgG antibody significantly enhanced complement activation by M. tuberculosis. Phagocytosis of M. tuberculosis by macrophages increased significantly in the presence of complement and/or antibody. Moreover, antibody enhanced phagocytosis in the presence of complement. Addition of antibody alone or in combination with complement also augmented intracellular viability of bacilli within macrophages. 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Dheda","profile_url":"https://uct-za.academia.edu/KeertanDheda?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":7700,"name":"Fluorescence Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence_Microscopy?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=68318"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit 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Calmette-Guerin (BCG), which has inconsistent efficacy to protect against the disease in adults. M. tuberculosis (MTB) cell wall components have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48188843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The only currently available vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) is Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), which has inconsistent efficacy to protect against the disease in adults. M. tuberculosis (MTB) cell wall components have been implicated in the pathogenicity of TB and therefore have been a prime target for the identification and characterization of cell wall proteins with potential application in vaccine development. In this regard, proteoliposomes (PLs) derived from mycobacteria containing lipids and cell wall proteins could be potential vaccine candidates against TB. In the present study PLs derived from BCG were prepared. These homogeneous population of spherical microparticles was then immunized into Balb/c mice. Sera of immunized animals showed high IgG response and strong cross-reactivity against different MTB antigens.These results showed that BCG PLs could be potential vaccine candidates against TB.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48188843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dda48b2c8fd2c354a9849bec092a8e84" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66931062,"asset_id":48188843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66931062/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14476740" href="https://uh-cu.academia.edu/ReinierBorrero">Reinier Borrero</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14476740" type="text/json">{"id":14476740,"first_name":"Reinier","last_name":"Borrero","domain_name":"uh-cu","page_name":"ReinierBorrero","display_name":"Reinier Borrero","profile_url":"https://uh-cu.academia.edu/ReinierBorrero?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14476740/3946112/4612675/s65_reinier.borrero.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48188843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48188843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48188843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48188843", }); 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M. tuberculosis (MTB) cell wall components have been implicated in the pathogenicity of TB and therefore have been a prime target for the identification and characterization of cell wall proteins with potential application in vaccine development. In this regard, proteoliposomes (PLs) derived from mycobacteria containing lipids and cell wall proteins could be potential vaccine candidates against TB. In the present study PLs derived from BCG were prepared. These homogeneous population of spherical microparticles was then immunized into Balb/c mice. Sera of immunized animals showed high IgG response and strong cross-reactivity against different MTB antigens.These results showed that BCG PLs could be potential vaccine candidates against TB.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66931062,"asset_id":48188843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14476740,"first_name":"Reinier","last_name":"Borrero","domain_name":"uh-cu","page_name":"ReinierBorrero","display_name":"Reinier Borrero","profile_url":"https://uh-cu.academia.edu/ReinierBorrero?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14476740/3946112/4612675/s65_reinier.borrero.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5938240" data-work_id="5938240" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5938240/Microarray_Analysis_of_Efflux_Pump_Genes_in_Multidrug_Resistant_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_During_Stress_Induced_by_Common_Anti_Tuberculous_Drugs">Microarray Analysis of Efflux Pump Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis During Stress Induced by Common Anti-Tuberculous Drugs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5938240" 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68318" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="68318" type="text/json">{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94123" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidrug_Resistance">Multidrug Resistance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="94123" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9181477/Comparison_of_the_immune_response_against_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_antigens_between_a_group_of_patients_with_active_pulmonary_tuberculosis_and_healthy_household_contacts">Comparison of the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens between a group of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy household contacts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The mycobacterial antigens and the factors related to protection for the development of active tuberculosis are not known. In a natural model of tuberculosis, we studied 10 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (non-protective... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9181477" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The mycobacterial antigens and the factors related to protection for the development of active tuberculosis are not known. In a natural model of tuberculosis, we studied 10 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (non-protective immune response) and 38 healthy household contacts (protective immune response). We tested the lymphocyte proliferative response by T cell Western blotting to eight different antigen fractions and lo two purified mycobacterial antigens of 30 and 64 kD. Patients with active tuberculosis recognized fractions with molecular weights of 80–114, 60–80, 28–41 and 14–19kD. Household contacts recognized the same fractions except the 14–19 kD. The response lo the 64-kD antigen was not significantly different between groups. In contrast, 10% of the patients with active tuberculosis and 73% of the household contacts responded to the 30-kD antigen. The humoral response against the 30-kD antigen by ELISA showed a significantly higher production of antibodies in tuberculosis patients compared with household contacts. We conclude that patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis develop an immune response characterized by poor proliferative response to the 30-kD antigen with a strong humoral response, whereas the opposite occurs in healthy subjects infected by Mycobacterium tuberculoses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9181477" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2e18c4310d334b975d046b8101f21ae4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47859810,"asset_id":9181477,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47859810/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20982822" href="https://unam.academia.edu/EduardoRamos">Eduardo Ramos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20982822" type="text/json">{"id":20982822,"first_name":"Eduardo","last_name":"Ramos","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"EduardoRamos","display_name":"Eduardo Ramos","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/EduardoRamos?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20982822/8812258/9838925/s65_eduardo.ramos.jpg_oh_bbdb357b68bf6850d4d6d379f93b9a7d_oe_55d51769___gda___1440592413_e29977f4e2e1581d42d46d88d3f74c23"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9181477 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9181477"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9181477, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9181477", }); 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In a natural model of tuberculosis, we studied 10 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (non-protective immune response) and 38 healthy household contacts (protective immune response). We tested the lymphocyte proliferative response by T cell Western blotting to eight different antigen fractions and lo two purified mycobacterial antigens of 30 and 64 kD. Patients with active tuberculosis recognized fractions with molecular weights of 80–114, 60–80, 28–41 and 14–19kD. Household contacts recognized the same fractions except the 14–19 kD. The response lo the 64-kD antigen was not significantly different between groups. In contrast, 10% of the patients with active tuberculosis and 73% of the household contacts responded to the 30-kD antigen. The humoral response against the 30-kD antigen by ELISA showed a significantly higher production of antibodies in tuberculosis patients compared with household contacts. We conclude that patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis develop an immune response characterized by poor proliferative response to the 30-kD antigen with a strong humoral response, whereas the opposite occurs in healthy subjects infected by Mycobacterium tuberculoses.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47859810,"asset_id":9181477,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20982822,"first_name":"Eduardo","last_name":"Ramos","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"EduardoRamos","display_name":"Eduardo Ramos","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/EduardoRamos?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20982822/8812258/9838925/s65_eduardo.ramos.jpg_oh_bbdb357b68bf6850d4d6d379f93b9a7d_oe_55d51769___gda___1440592413_e29977f4e2e1581d42d46d88d3f74c23"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune 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Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidrug_Resistance?f_ri=68318"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=68318"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=68318"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=68318"},{"id":724400,"name":"Sputum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sputum?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21326010" data-work_id="21326010" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21326010/Global_Analysis_of_the_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Zur_FurB_Regulon">Global Analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zur (FurB) Regulon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21326010" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e11f99525c90fef1cc26cd9a7635d35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41817069,"asset_id":21326010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41817069/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42424107" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Manganelli">R. Manganelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42424107" type="text/json">{"id":42424107,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Manganelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Manganelli","display_name":"R. Manganelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Manganelli?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21326010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21326010"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21326010, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21326010", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21326010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21326010; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21326010"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21326010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21326010"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21326010; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21326010]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21326010").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21326010").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21326010"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3284" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteriology">Bacteriology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3284" type="text/json">{"id":3284,"name":"Bacteriology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteriology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10937" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Regulation">Transcription Regulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10937" type="text/json">{"id":10937,"name":"Transcription Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Regulation?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Analysis">Global Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33511" type="text/json">{"id":33511,"name":"Global Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Analysis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21326010]'), work: {"id":21326010,"title":"Global Analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zur (FurB) Regulon","created_at":"2016-01-31T11:31:39.327-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21326010/Global_Analysis_of_the_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Zur_FurB_Regulon?f_ri=68318","dom_id":"work_21326010","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41817069,"asset_id":21326010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42424107,"first_name":"R.","last_name":"Manganelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Manganelli","display_name":"R. Manganelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Manganelli?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3284,"name":"Bacteriology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteriology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":10937,"name":"Transcription Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcription_Regulation?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":33511,"name":"Global Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Analysis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":52873,"name":"Virulence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence?f_ri=68318"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":87426,"name":"Regulation of Gene Expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation_of_Gene_Expression?f_ri=68318"},{"id":158165,"name":"Zinc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc?f_ri=68318"},{"id":568422,"name":"Environmental Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Stress?f_ri=68318"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1010725,"name":"Protein Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Binding?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1186610,"name":"DNA binding proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_binding_proteins?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1427025,"name":"Ribosomal Protein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ribosomal_Protein?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81013609" data-work_id="81013609" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81013609/Differential_expression_of_putative_drug_resistance_genes_in_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_clinical_isolates">Differential expression of putative drug resistance genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81013609" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="525e8899dfb1a8a33e4f454220ac2c39" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87204140,"asset_id":81013609,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87204140/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="112417996" href="https://itesm.academia.edu/LauraAdieneGonz%C3%A1lezEscalante">Laura Adiene González Escalante</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="112417996" type="text/json">{"id":112417996,"first_name":"Laura Adiene","last_name":"González Escalante","domain_name":"itesm","page_name":"LauraAdieneGonzálezEscalante","display_name":"Laura Adiene González Escalante","profile_url":"https://itesm.academia.edu/LauraAdieneGonz%C3%A1lezEscalante?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112417996/28688709/26802201/s65_laura_adiene.gonz_lez_escalante.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81013609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81013609"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81013609, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81013609", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_81013609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81013609; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_81013609"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_81013609 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81013609"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81013609; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81013609]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81013609").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81013609").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81013609"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62235" type="text/json">{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81013609]'), work: {"id":81013609,"title":"Differential expression of putative drug resistance genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates","created_at":"2022-06-08T07:28:30.737-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81013609/Differential_expression_of_putative_drug_resistance_genes_in_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_clinical_isolates?f_ri=68318","dom_id":"work_81013609","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87204140,"asset_id":81013609,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":112417996,"first_name":"Laura Adiene","last_name":"González Escalante","domain_name":"itesm","page_name":"LauraAdieneGonzálezEscalante","display_name":"Laura Adiene González Escalante","profile_url":"https://itesm.academia.edu/LauraAdieneGonz%C3%A1lezEscalante?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/112417996/28688709/26802201/s65_laura_adiene.gonz_lez_escalante.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=68318"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=68318"},{"id":181936,"name":"Gene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene?f_ri=68318"},{"id":3067128,"name":"reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/reverse_transcriptase_polymerase_chain_reaction?f_ri=68318"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73095937" data-work_id="73095937" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73095937/Prediction_of_Susceptibility_to_First_Line_Tuberculosis_Drugs_by_DNA_Sequencing">Prediction of Susceptibility to First-Line Tuberculosis Drugs by DNA Sequencing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The World Health Organization recommends drug-susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex for all patients with tuberculosis to guide treatment decisions and improve outcomes. Whether DNA sequencing can be used to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73095937" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The World Health Organization recommends drug-susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex for all patients with tuberculosis to guide treatment decisions and improve outcomes. Whether DNA sequencing can be used to accurately predict profiles of susceptibility to first-line antituberculosis drugs has not been clear. We obtained whole-genome sequences and associated phenotypes of resistance or susceptibility to the first-line antituberculosis drugs isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for isolates from 16 countries across six continents. For each isolate, mutations associated with drug resistance and drug susceptibility were identified across nine genes, and individual phenotypes were predicted unless mutations of unknown association were also present. To identify how whole-genome sequencing might direct first-line drug therapy, complete susceptibility profiles were predicted. These profiles were predicted to be susceptible to all four drugs (i.e., pansus...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73095937" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="44cd3bac3d0afeb133a9e03617fcde67" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81752294,"asset_id":73095937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81752294/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41990971" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuguMaphalala">Gugu Maphalala</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41990971" type="text/json">{"id":41990971,"first_name":"Gugu","last_name":"Maphalala","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuguMaphalala","display_name":"Gugu Maphalala","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuguMaphalala?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73095937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73095937"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73095937, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73095937", }); 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Whether DNA sequencing can be used to accurately predict profiles of susceptibility to first-line antituberculosis drugs has not been clear. We obtained whole-genome sequences and associated phenotypes of resistance or susceptibility to the first-line antituberculosis drugs isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for isolates from 16 countries across six continents. For each isolate, mutations associated with drug resistance and drug susceptibility were identified across nine genes, and individual phenotypes were predicted unless mutations of unknown association were also present. To identify how whole-genome sequencing might direct first-line drug therapy, complete susceptibility profiles were predicted. These profiles were predicted to be susceptible to all four drugs (i.e., pansus...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81752294,"asset_id":73095937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41990971,"first_name":"Gugu","last_name":"Maphalala","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuguMaphalala","display_name":"Gugu Maphalala","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuguMaphalala?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=68318"},{"id":320555,"name":"Whole Genome Sequencing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whole_Genome_Sequencing?f_ri=68318"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=68318"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1036105,"name":"Isoniazid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoniazid?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1161066,"name":"New England Journalof Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_England_Journalof_Medicine?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1575870,"name":"Pyrazinamide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrazinamide?f_ri=68318"},{"id":2000468,"name":"Ethambutol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethambutol?f_ri=68318"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=68318"},{"id":4015784,"name":"Rifampin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rifampin?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31438871" data-work_id="31438871" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31438871/Understanding_the_Role_of_PknJ_in_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Biochemical_Characterization_and_Identification_of_Novel_Substrate_Pyruvate_Kinase_A">Understanding the Role of PknJ in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Biochemical Characterization and Identification of Novel Substrate Pyruvate Kinase A</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31438871" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7814edebe87cd0d2d6228171f5a5432e" rel="nofollow" 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data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38831" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction">Signal Transduction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38831" type="text/json">{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62235" type="text/json">{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31438871]'), work: {"id":31438871,"title":"Understanding the Role of PknJ in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Biochemical Characterization and Identification of Novel Substrate Pyruvate Kinase A","created_at":"2017-02-14T20:46:52.438-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31438871/Understanding_the_Role_of_PknJ_in_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Biochemical_Characterization_and_Identification_of_Novel_Substrate_Pyruvate_Kinase_A?f_ri=68318","dom_id":"work_31438871","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51799892,"asset_id":31438871,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17123708,"first_name":"Niyaz","last_name":"Ahmed","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NiyazAhmed2","display_name":"Niyaz Ahmed","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NiyazAhmed2?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17123708/5222081/5975379/s65_niyaz.ahmed.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":71434,"name":"Pyruvate Kinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyruvate_Kinase?f_ri=68318"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=68318"},{"id":172083,"name":"Phosphorylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphorylation?f_ri=68318"},{"id":220780,"name":"PLoS one","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLoS_one?f_ri=68318"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=68318"},{"id":387102,"name":"Environmental Conditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Conditions?f_ri=68318"},{"id":432129,"name":"Substrate Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substrate_Specificity?f_ri=68318"},{"id":736134,"name":"Protein Phosphorylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Phosphorylation?f_ri=68318"},{"id":736136,"name":"Protein Kinase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Kinase?f_ri=68318"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1257974,"name":"Ions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ions?f_ri=68318"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7400799" data-work_id="7400799" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7400799/Variable_host_pathogen_compatibility_in_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis">Variable host-pathogen compatibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7400799" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10125320" data-work_id="10125320" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10125320/Eales_Disease_An_Update">Eales Disease—An Update</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eales disease, first described by Henry Eales in 1880, remains an enigma. The disease, observed more commonly in the Indian subcontinent than in the rest of the world, occurs in young healthy adult males, initially presenting as retinal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10125320" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eales disease, first described by Henry Eales in 1880, remains an enigma. The disease, observed more commonly in the Indian subcontinent than in the rest of the world, occurs in young healthy adult males, initially presenting as retinal periphlebitis and later as retinal ischemia that may lead to vascular alterations and neovascularization. Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage with or without retinal detachment is the common sequelae. In recent years, immunological, molecular biological, and biochemical studies have indicated the role of human leukocyte antigen, retinal autoimmunity, mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, and free radical mediated damage in the etiopathogenesis of this disease. However, its etiology appears to be multifactorial. The management depends on the stage of the disease and consists of medical treatment with oral corticosteroids in the active inflammatory stage and laser photocoagulation in the advanced retinal ischemia and neovascularization stages. The results of vitreoretinal surgery have been found to be satisfactory in case of vitreous hemorrhage with or without retinal detachment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10125320" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b2c6446616b457cabccf0926b5c9c32" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47517977,"asset_id":10125320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47517977/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24701150" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TarunSharma58">Tarun Sharma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24701150" type="text/json">{"id":24701150,"first_name":"Tarun","last_name":"Sharma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TarunSharma58","display_name":"Tarun Sharma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TarunSharma58?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24701150/8525213/9525893/s65_tarun.sharma.jpg_oh_3d44afa7d480c6126d435ebef7078d3b_oe_559b7ba3___gda___1440615796_436342fc5e5ba91f75d895cfb5db0d2b"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10125320 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10125320"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10125320, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10125320", }); 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The disease, observed more commonly in the Indian subcontinent than in the rest of the world, occurs in young healthy adult males, initially presenting as retinal periphlebitis and later as retinal ischemia that may lead to vascular alterations and neovascularization. Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage with or without retinal detachment is the common sequelae. In recent years, immunological, molecular biological, and biochemical studies have indicated the role of human leukocyte antigen, retinal autoimmunity, mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, and free radical mediated damage in the etiopathogenesis of this disease. However, its etiology appears to be multifactorial. The management depends on the stage of the disease and consists of medical treatment with oral corticosteroids in the active inflammatory stage and laser photocoagulation in the advanced retinal ischemia and neovascularization stages. The results of vitreoretinal surgery have been found to be satisfactory in case of vitreous hemorrhage with or without retinal detachment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47517977,"asset_id":10125320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24701150,"first_name":"Tarun","last_name":"Sharma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TarunSharma58","display_name":"Tarun Sharma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TarunSharma58?f_ri=68318","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24701150/8525213/9525893/s65_tarun.sharma.jpg_oh_3d44afa7d480c6126d435ebef7078d3b_oe_559b7ba3___gda___1440615796_436342fc5e5ba91f75d895cfb5db0d2b"}],"research_interests":[{"id":44022,"name":"Free Radical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radical?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":51629,"name":"Survey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":88062,"name":"Vasculitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vasculitis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":103219,"name":"Retinal detachment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_detachment?f_ri=68318"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=68318"},{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=68318"},{"id":990525,"name":"Retinal Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retinal_Diseases?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1881146,"name":"Medical Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Treatment?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25387661" data-work_id="25387661" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25387661/Antimycobacterial_activity_evaluation_time_kill_kinetic_and_3D_QSAR_study_of_C_3_aminomethyl_cyclohexyl_methylamine_derivatives">Antimycobacterial activity evaluation, time-kill kinetic and 3D-QSAR study of C-(3-aminomethyl-cyclohexyl)-methylamine derivatives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25387661" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39cf431c19ba5354afb8d66e28d9b6f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45701873,"asset_id":25387661,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45701873/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26933760" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/ProfessorDiwanSRawat">Professor Diwan S. 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u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14302830" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba7cc4b7b778121daee356d2f76eb308" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44341971,"asset_id":14302830,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44341971/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68318" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="68318" type="text/json">{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14302830]'), work: {"id":14302830,"title":"Bone tuberculosis: a case report on child","created_at":"2015-07-22T11:36:10.078-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14302830/Bone_tuberculosis_a_case_report_on_child?f_ri=68318","dom_id":"work_14302830","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44341971,"asset_id":14302830,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33260715,"first_name":"Schindler","last_name":"Hc","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SchindlerHc","display_name":"Schindler 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u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9111" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines">Cytokines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9111" type="text/json">{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="68318" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="68318" type="text/json">{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14350252]'), work: {"id":14350252,"title":"Effect of Oral Beta Interferon on Subsequent Immune 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction">Prediction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7968" type="text/json">{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74105041]'), work: {"id":74105041,"title":"New 1,4-di-N-oxide-quinoxaline-2-ylmethylene isonicotinic acid hydrazide derivatives as anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents","created_at":"2022-03-19T21:32:56.453-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74105041/New_1_4_di_N_oxide_quinoxaline_2_ylmethylene_isonicotinic_acid_hydrazide_derivatives_as_anti_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_agents?f_ri=68318","dom_id":"work_74105041","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83586405,"asset_id":74105041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":137287208,"first_name":"enrique","last_name":"torres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"enriquetorres197","display_name":"enrique torres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/enriquetorres197?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":531,"name":"Organic 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tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=68318"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=68318"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=68318"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents?f_ri=68318"},{"id":498676,"name":"Lipophilicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipophilicity?f_ri=68318"},{"id":728493,"name":"Bioorganic and medicinal Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioorganic_and_medicinal_Chemistry?f_ri=68318"},{"id":897823,"name":"Elsevier","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elsevier?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1152821,"name":"Chemical Synthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Synthesis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1292080,"name":"Vero cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vero_cells?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=68318"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58808099" data-work_id="58808099" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58808099/Spectrum_of_mycobacterial_infections_tuberculosis_and_Mycobacterium_other_than_tuberculosis_in_dialysis_patients">Spectrum of mycobacterial infections: tuberculosis and Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis in dialysis patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Patients with end-stage renal disease are at high risk of mycobacterial infection. To analyze the difficulties in reaching an accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in dialysis patients. We conducted a retrospective follow-up of patients who... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58808099" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Patients with end-stage renal disease are at high risk of mycobacterial infection. To analyze the difficulties in reaching an accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in dialysis patients. We conducted a retrospective follow-up of patients who attended our peritoneal and hemodialysis units during the 10 year period 1995-2005. Our dialysis unit diagnosed 10 cases of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 9 cases of Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis. In the former group, five patients had Mycobacterium in the sputum, which was diagnosed by intraabdominal mass biopsy in one, culture of the gastric juices in one, and pleural fluid culture or pleural biopsy in three. One of these patients was suffering from pleural TB as well as Potts disease. Of the patients with Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis, five were diagnosed by sputum cultures, three by urine cultures and one in peritoneal fluid. Differences in treatment and outcome were also reviewed. The diagnosis of TB in di...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58808099" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="206fa5d63259b8e74a19e2cb147ecf43" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73041084,"asset_id":58808099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73041084/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="199674087" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BorisRogachev">Boris Rogachev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="199674087" type="text/json">{"id":199674087,"first_name":"Boris","last_name":"Rogachev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BorisRogachev","display_name":"Boris Rogachev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BorisRogachev?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58808099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58808099"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58808099, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58808099", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58808099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58808099; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58808099"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58808099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58808099"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58808099; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58808099]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58808099").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58808099").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58808099"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9004" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialysis">Dialysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9004" type="text/json">{"id":9004,"name":"Dialysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialysis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34642" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel">Israel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34642" type="text/json">{"id":34642,"name":"Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37826" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy">Biopsy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37826" type="text/json">{"id":37826,"name":"Biopsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58808099]'), work: {"id":58808099,"title":"Spectrum of mycobacterial infections: tuberculosis and Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis in dialysis patients","created_at":"2021-10-18T06:08:27.961-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58808099/Spectrum_of_mycobacterial_infections_tuberculosis_and_Mycobacterium_other_than_tuberculosis_in_dialysis_patients?f_ri=68318","dom_id":"work_58808099","summary":"Patients with end-stage renal disease are at high risk of mycobacterial infection. To analyze the difficulties in reaching an accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in dialysis patients. We conducted a retrospective follow-up of patients who attended our peritoneal and hemodialysis units during the 10 year period 1995-2005. Our dialysis unit diagnosed 10 cases of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 9 cases of Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis. In the former group, five patients had Mycobacterium in the sputum, which was diagnosed by intraabdominal mass biopsy in one, culture of the gastric juices in one, and pleural fluid culture or pleural biopsy in three. One of these patients was suffering from pleural TB as well as Potts disease. Of the patients with Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis, five were diagnosed by sputum cultures, three by urine cultures and one in peritoneal fluid. Differences in treatment and outcome were also reviewed. The diagnosis of TB in di...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73041084,"asset_id":58808099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":199674087,"first_name":"Boris","last_name":"Rogachev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BorisRogachev","display_name":"Boris Rogachev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BorisRogachev?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9004,"name":"Dialysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialysis?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":34642,"name":"Israel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Israel?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":37826,"name":"Biopsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopsy?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=68318"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":83836,"name":"Mycobacterium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium?f_ri=68318"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=68318"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=68318"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=68318"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=68318"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged?f_ri=68318"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult?f_ri=68318"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=68318"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=68318"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=68318"},{"id":724400,"name":"Sputum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sputum?f_ri=68318"},{"id":959089,"name":"Pleural Effusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pleural_Effusion?f_ri=68318"},{"id":2940656,"name":"pleural cavity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/pleural_cavity?f_ri=68318"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70702909" data-work_id="70702909" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70702909/Identification_of_katG_mutations_associated_with_high_level_isoniazid_resistance_in_Mycobacterium_tuberculosis">Identification of katG mutations associated with high-level isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Isoniazid (INH) is an effective first-line antituberculosis drug. KatG, a catalase-peroxidase, converts INH to an active form in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and katG mutations are major causes of INH resistance. In the present study, we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70702909" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Isoniazid (INH) is an effective first-line antituberculosis drug. KatG, a catalase-peroxidase, converts INH to an active form in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and katG mutations are major causes of INH resistance. In the present study, we sequenced katG of 108 INH-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. Consequently, 9 novel KatG mutants with a single-amino-acid substitution were found. All of these mutants had significantly lower INH oxidase activities than the wild type, and each mutant showed various levels of activity. Isolates having mutations with relatively low activities showed high-level INH resistance. On the basis of our results and known mutations associated with INH resistance, we developed a new hybridization-based line probe assay for rapid detection of INH-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70702909" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="75770772a01e953282a0cd663428a5c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80342079,"asset_id":70702909,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80342079/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY4OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="138262280" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MoryTraore3">Mory Traore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="138262280" type="text/json">{"id":138262280,"first_name":"Mory","last_name":"Traore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MoryTraore3","display_name":"Mory Traore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoryTraore3?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70702909 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70702909"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70702909, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70702909", }); 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KatG, a catalase-peroxidase, converts INH to an active form in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and katG mutations are major causes of INH resistance. In the present study, we sequenced katG of 108 INH-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. Consequently, 9 novel KatG mutants with a single-amino-acid substitution were found. All of these mutants had significantly lower INH oxidase activities than the wild type, and each mutant showed various levels of activity. Isolates having mutations with relatively low activities showed high-level INH resistance. On the basis of our results and known mutations associated with INH resistance, we developed a new hybridization-based line probe assay for rapid detection of INH-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80342079,"asset_id":70702909,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":138262280,"first_name":"Mory","last_name":"Traore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MoryTraore3","display_name":"Mory Traore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoryTraore3?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=68318"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":73153,"name":"Genetic Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Testing?f_ri=68318"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=68318"},{"id":139007,"name":"Catalase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalase?f_ri=68318"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=68318"},{"id":509981,"name":"Antimicrobial agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimicrobial_agents?f_ri=68318"},{"id":894908,"name":"Amino Acid Substitution Rates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Substitution_Rates?f_ri=68318"},{"id":911627,"name":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":1036105,"name":"Isoniazid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoniazid?f_ri=68318"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div 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Shanley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CrystalShanley?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":18327,"name":"Immunology of the Gut","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology_of_the_Gut?f_ri=68318","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=68318"},{"id":35539,"name":"Dendritic Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendritic_Cells?f_ri=68318"},{"id":52873,"name":"Virulence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence?f_ri=68318"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=68318"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=68318"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=68318"},{"id":161176,"name":"The","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The?f_ri=68318"},{"id":197297,"name":"Lung","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lung?f_ri=68318"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=68318"},{"id":911627,"name":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Tuberculosis?f_ri=68318"},{"id":2039739,"name":"Down-Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Down-Regulation?f_ri=68318"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22811387/Pleural_fluid_adenosine_deaminase_and_interferon_gamma_as_diagnostic_tools_in_tuberculosis_pleurisy">Pleural fluid adenosine deaminase and interferon gamma as diagnostic tools in tuberculosis pleurisy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several biological markers have been proposed to improve the efficacy of diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy. The study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and interferon-gamma... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22811387" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several biological markers have been proposed to improve the efficacy of diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy. The study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) concentration in differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and nontuberculous pleural effusion (non-TPE). Ninety four patients (50 M and 44 F, mean age 60+/-18, range 18-95 years) with pleural effusion (PE) were studied. TPE was diagnosed in patients with: (i) positive pleural fluid or pleural biopsy culture or (ii) granulomas in the pleural biopsy specimen, after exclusion of other granulomatous diseases. Pleural fluid ADA activity was measured with the colorimetric method of Giusti, while IFN-gamma level was measured with ELISA. TPE was diagnosed in 28 patients. The non-TPE group consisted of 35 patients with malignant PE, 20 patients with parapneumonic effusion/pleural empyema, 5 with pleural transudate, and 6 with miscellaneous PE. T...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22811387" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fe531c2dec0d17a35071c5bb996be0a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43360112,"asset_id":22811387,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43360112/download_file?st=MTczMjUzMzY5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44484281" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AleksandraSafianowska">Aleksandra Safianowska</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44484281" type="text/json">{"id":44484281,"first_name":"Aleksandra","last_name":"Safianowska","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AleksandraSafianowska","display_name":"Aleksandra Safianowska","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AleksandraSafianowska?f_ri=68318","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22811387">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22811387"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RafalKrenke">Rafal Krenke</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22811387'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22811387').html(); 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The study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) concentration in differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and nontuberculous pleural effusion (non-TPE). Ninety four patients (50 M and 44 F, mean age 60+/-18, range 18-95 years) with pleural effusion (PE) were studied. TPE was diagnosed in patients with: (i) positive pleural fluid or pleural biopsy culture or (ii) granulomas in the pleural biopsy specimen, after exclusion of other granulomatous diseases. Pleural fluid ADA activity was measured with the colorimetric method of Giusti, while IFN-gamma level was measured with ELISA. TPE was diagnosed in 28 patients. The non-TPE group consisted of 35 patients with malignant PE, 20 patients with parapneumonic effusion/pleural empyema, 5 with pleural transudate, and 6 with miscellaneous PE. 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