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mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizacijske_energije_elementov_(podatkovna_stran)" title="Ionizacijske energije elementov (podatkovna stran) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ionizacijske energije elementov (podatkovna stran)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8_(%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5)" title="พลังงานไอออไนเซชันของธาตุ (หน้าข้อมูล) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พลังงานไอออไนเซชันของธาตุ (หน้าข้อมูล)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Special:EditPage/Ionization energies of the elements (data page)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ionization+energies+of+the+elements%22+data+page">"Ionization energies of the elements" data page</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ionization+energies+of+the+elements%22+data+page+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ionization+energies+of+the+elements%22+data+page&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ionization+energies+of+the+elements%22+data+page+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ionization+energies+of+the+elements%22+data+page">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ionization+energies+of+the+elements%22+data+page&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">Ionization energy</a></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerical_values">Numerical values</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Numerical values"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For each atom, the column marked 1 is the first ionization energy to ionize the neutral atom, the column marked 2 is the second ionization energy to remove a second electron from the +1 ion, the column marked 3 is the third ionization energy to remove a third electron from the +2 ion, and so on. </p><p>"use" and "WEL" give ionization energy in the unit <a href="/wiki/KJ/mol" class="mw-redirect" title="KJ/mol">kJ/mol</a>; "CRC" gives atomic ionization energy in the unit <a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">eV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>10</th> <th>11</th> <th>12</th> <th>13</th> <th>14</th> <th>15</th> <th>16</th> <th>17</th> <th>18</th> <th>19</th> <th>20</th> <th>21</th> <th>22</th> <th>23</th> <th>24</th> <th>25</th> <th>26</th> <th>27</th> <th>28</th> <th>29</th> <th>30 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">1 H <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a><sup id="cite_ref-:pog_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:pog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:IBJ_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:IBJ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1312.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1312.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>13.59844<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">2 He <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a><sup id="cite_ref-:pog_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:pog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:IBJ_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:IBJ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>2372.3</td> <td>5250.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>2372.3</td> <td>5250.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>24.58738<sup id="cite_ref-:lmao_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:lmao-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>54.41776<sup id="cite_ref-:lmao_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:lmao-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">3 Li <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a><sup id="cite_ref-:pog_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:pog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:IBJ_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:IBJ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>520.2</td> <td>7298.1</td> <td>11815.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>520.2</td> <td>7298.1</td> <td>11815.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.39171<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>75.64009<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>122.45435<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">4 Be <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">beryllium</a><sup id="cite_ref-:pog_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:pog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:IBJ_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:IBJ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>899.5</td> <td>1757.1</td> <td>14848.7</td> <td>21006.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>899.5</td> <td>1757.1</td> <td>14848.7</td> <td>21006.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>9.32269<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>18.21115</td> <td>153.89620</td> <td>217.71858 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">5 B <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>800.6</td> <td>2427.1</td> <td>3659.7</td> <td>25025.8</td> <td>32826.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>800.6</td> <td>2427.1</td> <td>3659.7</td> <td>25025.8</td> <td>32826.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>8.29803</td> <td>25.15484</td> <td>37.93064</td> <td>259.37521</td> <td>340.22580 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">6 C <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1086.5</td> <td>2352.6</td> <td>4620.5</td> <td>6222.7</td> <td>37831</td> <td>47277.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1086.5</td> <td>2352.6</td> <td>4620.5</td> <td>6222.7</td> <td>37831</td> <td>47277.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>11.26030</td> <td>24.38332</td> <td>47.8878</td> <td>64.4939</td> <td>392.087</td> <td>489.99334 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">7 N <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1402.3</td> <td>2856</td> <td>4578.1</td> <td>7475.0</td> <td>9444.9</td> <td>53266.6</td> <td>64360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1402.3</td> <td>2856</td> <td>4578.1</td> <td>7475.0</td> <td>9444.9</td> <td>53266.6</td> <td>64360 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>14.53414</td> <td>29.6013</td> <td>47.44924</td> <td>77.4735</td> <td>97.8902</td> <td>552.0718</td> <td>667.046 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">8 O <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1313.9</td> <td>3388.3</td> <td>5300.5</td> <td>7469.2</td> <td>10989.5</td> <td>13326.5</td> <td>71330</td> <td>84078.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1313.9</td> <td>3388.3</td> <td>5300.5</td> <td>7469.2</td> <td>10989.5</td> <td>13326.5</td> <td>71330</td> <td>84078.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>13.61806</td> <td>35.11730</td> <td>54.9355</td> <td>77.41353</td> <td>113.8990</td> <td>138.1197</td> <td>739.29</td> <td>871.4101 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">9 F <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1681.0</td> <td>3374.2</td> <td>6050.4</td> <td>8407.7</td> <td>11022.7</td> <td>15164.1</td> <td>17868</td> <td>92038.1</td> <td>106434.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1681.0</td> <td>3374.2</td> <td>6050.4</td> <td>8407.7</td> <td>11022.7</td> <td>15164.1</td> <td>17868</td> <td>92038.1</td> <td>106434.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>17.42282</td> <td>34.97082</td> <td>62.7084</td> <td>87.1398</td> <td>114.2428</td> <td>157.1651</td> <td>185.186</td> <td>953.9112</td> <td>1103.1176 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">10 Ne <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>2080.7</td> <td>3952.3</td> <td>6122</td> <td>9371</td> <td>12177</td> <td>15238</td> <td>19999.0</td> <td>23069.5</td> <td>115379.5</td> <td>131432 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>2080.7</td> <td>3952.3</td> <td>6122</td> <td>9371</td> <td>12177</td> <td>15238</td> <td>19999.0</td> <td>23069.5</td> <td>115379.5</td> <td>131432 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>21.5646</td> <td>40.96328</td> <td>63.45</td> <td>97.12</td> <td>126.21</td> <td>157.93</td> <td>207.2759</td> <td>239.0989</td> <td>1195.8286</td> <td>1362.1995 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">11 Na <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>495.8</td> <td>4562</td> <td>6910.3</td> <td>9543</td> <td>13354</td> <td>16613</td> <td>20117</td> <td>25496</td> <td>28932</td> <td>141362</td> <td>159076 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>495.8</td> <td>4562</td> <td>6910.3</td> <td>9543</td> <td>13354</td> <td>16613</td> <td>20117</td> <td>25496</td> <td>28932</td> <td>141362 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.13908</td> <td>47.2864</td> <td>71.6200</td> <td>98.91</td> <td>138.40</td> <td>172.18</td> <td>208.50</td> <td>264.25</td> <td>299.864</td> <td>1465.121</td> <td>1648.702 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">12 Mg <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>737.7</td> <td>1450.7</td> <td>7732.7</td> <td>10542.5</td> <td>13630</td> <td>18020</td> <td>21711</td> <td>25661</td> <td>31653</td> <td>35458</td> <td>169988</td> <td>189368 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>737.7</td> <td>1450.7</td> <td>7732.7</td> <td>10542.5</td> <td>13630</td> <td>18020</td> <td>21711</td> <td>25661</td> <td>31653</td> <td>35458 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.64624</td> <td>15.03528</td> <td>80.1437</td> <td>109.2655</td> <td>141.27</td> <td>186.76</td> <td>225.02</td> <td>265.96</td> <td>328.06</td> <td>367.50</td> <td>1761.805</td> <td>1962.6650 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">13 Al <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>577.5</td> <td>1816.7</td> <td>2744.8</td> <td>11577</td> <td>14842</td> <td>18379</td> <td>23326</td> <td>27465</td> <td>31853</td> <td>38473</td> <td>42647</td> <td>201266</td> <td>222316 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>577.5</td> <td>1816.7</td> <td>2744.8</td> <td>11577</td> <td>14842</td> <td>18379</td> <td>23326</td> <td>27465</td> <td>31853</td> <td>38473 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.98577</td> <td>18.82856</td> <td>28.44765</td> <td>119.992</td> <td>153.825</td> <td>190.49</td> <td>241.76</td> <td>284.66</td> <td>330.13</td> <td>398.75</td> <td>442.00</td> <td>2085.98</td> <td>2304.1410 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">14 Si <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>786.5</td> <td>1577.1</td> <td>3231.6</td> <td>4355.5</td> <td>16091</td> <td>19805</td> <td>23780</td> <td>29287</td> <td>33878</td> <td>38726</td> <td>45962</td> <td>50502</td> <td>235196</td> <td>257923 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>786.5</td> <td>1577.1</td> <td>3231.6</td> <td>4355.5</td> <td>16091</td> <td>19805</td> <td>23780</td> <td>29287</td> <td>33878</td> <td>38726 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>8.15169</td> <td>16.34585</td> <td>33.49302</td> <td>45.14181</td> <td>166.767</td> <td>205.27</td> <td>246.5</td> <td>303.54</td> <td>351.12</td> <td>401.37</td> <td>476.36</td> <td>523.42</td> <td>2437.63</td> <td>2673.182 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">15 P <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1011.8</td> <td>1907</td> <td>2914.1</td> <td>4963.6</td> <td>6273.9</td> <td>21267</td> <td>25431</td> <td>29872</td> <td>35905</td> <td>40950</td> <td>46261</td> <td>54110</td> <td>59024</td> <td>271791</td> <td>296195 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1011.8</td> <td>1907</td> <td>2914.1</td> <td>4963.6</td> <td>6273.9</td> <td>21267</td> <td>25431</td> <td>29872</td> <td>35905</td> <td>40950 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>10.48669</td> <td>19.7694</td> <td>30.2027</td> <td>51.4439</td> <td>65.0251</td> <td>220.421</td> <td>263.57</td> <td>309.60</td> <td>372.13</td> <td>424.4</td> <td>479.46</td> <td>560.8</td> <td>611.74</td> <td>2816.91</td> <td>3069.842 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">16 S <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>999.6</td> <td>2252</td> <td>3357</td> <td>4556</td> <td>7004.3</td> <td>8495.8</td> <td>27107</td> <td>31719</td> <td>36621</td> <td>43177</td> <td>48710</td> <td>54460</td> <td>62930</td> <td>68216</td> <td>311048</td> <td>337138 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>999.6</td> <td>2252</td> <td>3357</td> <td>4556</td> <td>7004.3</td> <td>8495.8</td> <td>27107</td> <td>31719</td> <td>36621</td> <td>43177 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>10.36001</td> <td>23.3379</td> <td>34.79</td> <td>47.222</td> <td>72.5945</td> <td>88.0530</td> <td>280.948</td> <td>328.75</td> <td>379.55</td> <td>447.5</td> <td>504.8</td> <td>564.44</td> <td>652.2</td> <td>707.01</td> <td>3223.78</td> <td>3494.1892 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">17 Cl <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1251.2</td> <td>2298</td> <td>3822</td> <td>5158.6</td> <td>6542</td> <td>9362</td> <td>11018</td> <td>33604</td> <td>38600</td> <td>43961</td> <td>51068</td> <td>57119</td> <td>63363</td> <td>72341</td> <td>78095</td> <td>352994</td> <td>380760 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1251.2</td> <td>2298</td> <td>3822</td> <td>5158.6</td> <td>6542</td> <td>9362</td> <td>11018</td> <td>33604</td> <td>38600</td> <td>43961 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>12.96764</td> <td>23.814</td> <td>39.61</td> <td>53.4652</td> <td>67.8</td> <td>97.03</td> <td>114.1958</td> <td>348.28</td> <td>400.06</td> <td>455.63</td> <td>529.28</td> <td>591.99</td> <td>656.71</td> <td>749.76</td> <td>809.40</td> <td>3658.521</td> <td>3946.2960 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">18 Ar <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1520.6</td> <td>2665.8</td> <td>3931</td> <td>5771</td> <td>7238</td> <td>8781</td> <td>11995</td> <td>13842</td> <td>40760</td> <td>46186</td> <td>52002</td> <td>59653</td> <td>66199</td> <td>72918</td> <td>82473</td> <td>88576</td> <td>397605</td> <td>427066 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1520.6</td> <td>2665.8</td> <td>3931</td> <td>5771</td> <td>7238</td> <td>8781</td> <td>11995</td> <td>13842</td> <td>40760</td> <td>46186 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>15.75962</td> <td>27.62967</td> <td>40.74</td> <td>59.81</td> <td>75.02</td> <td>91.009</td> <td>124.323</td> <td>143.460</td> <td>422.45</td> <td>478.69</td> <td>538.96</td> <td>618.26</td> <td>686.10</td> <td>755.74</td> <td>854.77</td> <td>918.03</td> <td>4120.8857</td> <td>4426.2296 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">19 K <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>418.8</td> <td>3052</td> <td>4420</td> <td>5877</td> <td>7975</td> <td>9590</td> <td>11343</td> <td>14944</td> <td>16963.7</td> <td>48610</td> <td>54490</td> <td>60730</td> <td>68950</td> <td>75900</td> <td>83080</td> <td>93400</td> <td>99710</td> <td>444880</td> <td>476063 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>418.8</td> <td>3052</td> <td>4420</td> <td>5877</td> <td>7975</td> <td>9590</td> <td>11343</td> <td>14944</td> <td>16963.7</td> <td>48610 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>4.34066</td> <td>31.63</td> <td>45.806</td> <td>60.91</td> <td>82.66</td> <td>99.4</td> <td>117.56</td> <td>154.88</td> <td>175.8174</td> <td>503.8</td> <td>564.7</td> <td>629.4</td> <td>714.6</td> <td>786.6</td> <td>861.1</td> <td>968</td> <td>1033.4</td> <td>4610.8</td> <td>4934.046 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">20 Ca <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>589.8</td> <td>1145.4</td> <td>4912.4</td> <td>6491</td> <td>8153</td> <td>10496</td> <td>12270</td> <td>14206</td> <td>18191</td> <td>20385</td> <td>57110</td> <td>63410</td> <td>70110</td> <td>78890</td> <td>86310</td> <td>94000</td> <td>104900</td> <td>111711</td> <td>494850</td> <td>527762 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>589.8</td> <td>1145.4</td> <td>4912.4</td> <td>6491</td> <td>8153</td> <td>10496</td> <td>12270</td> <td>14206</td> <td>18191</td> <td>20385</td> <td>57110 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.11316</td> <td>11.87172</td> <td>50.9131</td> <td>67.27</td> <td>84.50</td> <td>108.78</td> <td>127.2</td> <td>147.24</td> <td>188.54</td> <td>211.275</td> <td>591.9</td> <td>657.2</td> <td>726.6</td> <td>817.6</td> <td>894.5</td> <td>974</td> <td>1087</td> <td>1157.8</td> <td>5128.8</td> <td>5469.864 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">21 Sc <a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">scandium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>633.1</td> <td>1235.0</td> <td>2388.6</td> <td>7090.6</td> <td>8843</td> <td>10679</td> <td>13310</td> <td>15250</td> <td>17370</td> <td>21726</td> <td>24102</td> <td>66320</td> <td>73010</td> <td>80160</td> <td>89490</td> <td>97400</td> <td>105600</td> <td>117000</td> <td>124270</td> <td>547530</td> <td>582163 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>633.1</td> <td>1235.0</td> <td>2388.6</td> <td>7090.6</td> <td>8843</td> <td>10679</td> <td>13310</td> <td>15250</td> <td>17370</td> <td>21726</td> <td>24102</td> <td>66320</td> <td>73010</td> <td>80160</td> <td>89490</td> <td>97400</td> <td>105600</td> <td>117000</td> <td>124270</td> <td>547530</td> <td>582163 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.5615</td> <td>12.79967</td> <td>24.75666</td> <td>73.4894</td> <td>91.65</td> <td>110.68</td> <td>138.0</td> <td>158.1</td> <td>180.03</td> <td>225.18</td> <td>249.798</td> <td>687.36</td> <td>756.7</td> <td>830.8</td> <td>927.5</td> <td>1009</td> <td>1094</td> <td>1213</td> <td>1287.97</td> <td>5674.8</td> <td>6033.712 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">22 Ti <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>658.8</td> <td>1309.8</td> <td>2652.5</td> <td>4174.6</td> <td>9581</td> <td>11533</td> <td>13590</td> <td>16440</td> <td>18530</td> <td>20833</td> <td>25575</td> <td>28125</td> <td>76015</td> <td>83280</td> <td>90880</td> <td>100700</td> <td>109100</td> <td>117800</td> <td>129900</td> <td>137530</td> <td>602930</td> <td>639294 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>658.8</td> <td>1309.8</td> <td>2652.5</td> <td>4174.6</td> <td>9581</td> <td>11533</td> <td>13590</td> <td>16440</td> <td>18530</td> <td>20833</td> <td>25575</td> <td>28125</td> <td>76015</td> <td>83280</td> <td>90880</td> <td>100700</td> <td>109100</td> <td>117800</td> <td>129900</td> <td>137530</td> <td>602930 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.8281</td> <td>13.5755</td> <td>27.4917</td> <td>43.2672</td> <td>99.30</td> <td>119.53</td> <td>140.8</td> <td>170.4</td> <td>192.1</td> <td>215.92</td> <td>265.07</td> <td>291.500</td> <td>787.84</td> <td>863.1</td> <td>941.9</td> <td>1044</td> <td>1131</td> <td>1221</td> <td>1346</td> <td>1425.4</td> <td>6249.0</td> <td>6625.82 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">23 V <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">vanadium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>650.9</td> <td>1414</td> <td>2830</td> <td>4507</td> <td>6298.7</td> <td>12363</td> <td>14530</td> <td>16730</td> <td>19860</td> <td>22240</td> <td>24670</td> <td>29730</td> <td>32446</td> <td>86450</td> <td>94170</td> <td>102300</td> <td>112700</td> <td>121600</td> <td>130700</td> <td>143400</td> <td>151440</td> <td>661050</td> <td>699144 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>650.9</td> <td>1414</td> <td>2830</td> <td>4507</td> <td>6298.7</td> <td>12363</td> <td>14530</td> <td>16730</td> <td>19860</td> <td>22240</td> <td>24670</td> <td>29730</td> <td>32446</td> <td>86450</td> <td>94170</td> <td>102300</td> <td>112700</td> <td>121600</td> <td>130700</td> <td>143400</td> <td>151440 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.7462</td> <td>14.66</td> <td>29.311</td> <td>46.709</td> <td>65.2817</td> <td>128.13</td> <td>150.6</td> <td>173.4</td> <td>205.8</td> <td>230.5</td> <td>255.7</td> <td>308.1</td> <td>336.277</td> <td>896.0</td> <td>976</td> <td>1060</td> <td>1168</td> <td>1260</td> <td>1355</td> <td>1486</td> <td>1569.6</td> <td>6851.3</td> <td>7246.12 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">24 Cr <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>652.9</td> <td>1590.6</td> <td>2987</td> <td>4743</td> <td>6702</td> <td>8744.9</td> <td>15455</td> <td>17820</td> <td>20190</td> <td>23580</td> <td>26130</td> <td>28750</td> <td>34230</td> <td>37066</td> <td>97510</td> <td>105800</td> <td>114300</td> <td>125300</td> <td>134700</td> <td>144300</td> <td>157700</td> <td>166090</td> <td>721870</td> <td>761733 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>652.9</td> <td>1590.6</td> <td>2987</td> <td>4743</td> <td>6702</td> <td>8744.9</td> <td>15455</td> <td>17820</td> <td>20190</td> <td>23580</td> <td>26130</td> <td>28750</td> <td>34230</td> <td>37066</td> <td>97510</td> <td>105800</td> <td>114300</td> <td>125300</td> <td>134700</td> <td>144300</td> <td>157700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.7665</td> <td>16.4857</td> <td>30.96</td> <td>49.16</td> <td>69.46</td> <td>90.6349</td> <td>160.18</td> <td>184.7</td> <td>209.3</td> <td>244.4</td> <td>270.8</td> <td>298.0</td> <td>354.8</td> <td>384.168</td> <td>1010.6</td> <td>1097</td> <td>1185</td> <td>1299</td> <td>1396</td> <td>1496</td> <td>1634</td> <td>1721.4</td> <td>7481.7</td> <td>7894.81 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">25 Mn <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>717.3</td> <td>1509.0</td> <td>3248</td> <td>4940</td> <td>6990</td> <td>9220</td> <td>11500</td> <td>18770</td> <td>21400</td> <td>23960</td> <td>27590</td> <td>30330</td> <td>33150</td> <td>38880</td> <td>41987</td> <td>109480</td> <td>118100</td> <td>127100</td> <td>138600</td> <td>148500</td> <td>158600</td> <td>172500</td> <td>181380</td> <td>785450</td> <td>827067 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>717.3</td> <td>1509.0</td> <td>3248</td> <td>4940</td> <td>6990</td> <td>9220</td> <td>11500</td> <td>18770</td> <td>21400</td> <td>23960</td> <td>27590</td> <td>30330</td> <td>33150</td> <td>38880</td> <td>41987</td> <td>109480</td> <td>118100</td> <td>127100</td> <td>138600</td> <td>148500</td> <td>158600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.43402</td> <td>15.63999</td> <td>33.668</td> <td>51.2</td> <td>72.4</td> <td>95.6</td> <td>119.203</td> <td>194.5</td> <td>221.8</td> <td>248.3</td> <td>286.0</td> <td>314.4</td> <td>343.6</td> <td>403.0</td> <td>435.163</td> <td>1134.7</td> <td>1224</td> <td>1317</td> <td>1437</td> <td>1539</td> <td>1644</td> <td>1788</td> <td>1879.9</td> <td>8140.6</td> <td>8571.94 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">26 Fe <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>762.5</td> <td>1561.9</td> <td>2957</td> <td>5290</td> <td>7240</td> <td>9560</td> <td>12060</td> <td>14580</td> <td>22540</td> <td>25290</td> <td>28000</td> <td>31920</td> <td>34830</td> <td>37840</td> <td>44100</td> <td>47206</td> <td>122200</td> <td>131000</td> <td>140500</td> <td>152600</td> <td>163000</td> <td>173600</td> <td>188100</td> <td>195200</td> <td>851800</td> <td>895161 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>762.5</td> <td>1561.9</td> <td>2957</td> <td>5290</td> <td>7240</td> <td>9560</td> <td>12060</td> <td>14580</td> <td>22540</td> <td>25290</td> <td>28000</td> <td>31920</td> <td>34830</td> <td>37840</td> <td>44100</td> <td>47206</td> <td>122200</td> <td>131000</td> <td>140500</td> <td>152600</td> <td>163000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.9024</td> <td>16.1878</td> <td>30.652</td> <td>54.8</td> <td>75.0</td> <td>99.1</td> <td>124.98</td> <td>151.06</td> <td>233.6</td> <td>262.1</td> <td>290.2</td> <td>330.8</td> <td>361.0</td> <td>392.2</td> <td>457</td> <td>489.256</td> <td>1266</td> <td>1358</td> <td>1456</td> <td>1582</td> <td>1689</td> <td>1799</td> <td>1950</td> <td>2023</td> <td>8828</td> <td>9277.69 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">27 Co <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>760.4</td> <td>1648</td> <td>3232</td> <td>4950</td> <td>7670</td> <td>9840</td> <td>12440</td> <td>15230</td> <td>17959</td> <td>26570</td> <td>29400</td> <td>32400</td> <td>36600</td> <td>39700</td> <td>42800</td> <td>49396</td> <td>52737</td> <td>134810</td> <td>145170</td> <td>154700</td> <td>167400</td> <td>178100</td> <td>189300</td> <td>204500</td> <td>214100</td> <td>920870</td> <td>966023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>760.4</td> <td>1648</td> <td>3232</td> <td>4950</td> <td>7670</td> <td>9840</td> <td>12440</td> <td>15230</td> <td>17959</td> <td>26570</td> <td>29400</td> <td>32400</td> <td>36600</td> <td>39700</td> <td>42800</td> <td>49396</td> <td>52737</td> <td>134810</td> <td>145170</td> <td>154700</td> <td>167400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.8810</td> <td>17.083</td> <td>33.50</td> <td>51.3</td> <td>79.5</td> <td>102.0</td> <td>128.9</td> <td>157.8</td> <td>186.13</td> <td>275.4</td> <td>305</td> <td>336</td> <td>379</td> <td>411</td> <td>444</td> <td>511.96</td> <td>546.58</td> <td>1397.2</td> <td>1504.6</td> <td>1603</td> <td>1735</td> <td>1846</td> <td>1962</td> <td>2119</td> <td>2219.0</td> <td>9544.1</td> <td>10012.12 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">28 Ni <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>737.1</td> <td>1753.0</td> <td>3395</td> <td>5300</td> <td>7339</td> <td>10400</td> <td>12800</td> <td>15600</td> <td>18600</td> <td>21670</td> <td>30970</td> <td>34000</td> <td>37100</td> <td>41500</td> <td>44800</td> <td>48100</td> <td>55101</td> <td>58570</td> <td>148700</td> <td>159000</td> <td>169400</td> <td>182700</td> <td>194000</td> <td>205600</td> <td>221400</td> <td>231490</td> <td>992718</td> <td>1039668 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>737.1</td> <td>1753.0</td> <td>3395</td> <td>5300</td> <td>7339</td> <td>10400</td> <td>12800</td> <td>15600</td> <td>18600</td> <td>21670</td> <td>30970</td> <td>34000</td> <td>37100</td> <td>41500</td> <td>44800</td> <td>48100</td> <td>55101</td> <td>58570</td> <td>148700</td> <td>159000</td> <td>169400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.6398</td> <td>18.16884</td> <td>35.19</td> <td>54.9</td> <td>76.06</td> <td>108</td> <td>133</td> <td>162</td> <td>193</td> <td>224.6</td> <td>321.0</td> <td>352</td> <td>384</td> <td>430</td> <td>464</td> <td>499</td> <td>571.08</td> <td>607.06</td> <td>1541</td> <td>1648</td> <td>1756</td> <td>1894</td> <td>2011</td> <td>2131</td> <td>2295</td> <td>2399.2</td> <td>10288.8</td> <td>10775.40 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">29 Cu <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>745.5</td> <td>1957.9</td> <td>3555</td> <td>5536</td> <td>7700</td> <td>9900</td> <td>13400</td> <td>16000</td> <td>19200</td> <td>22400</td> <td>25600</td> <td>35600</td> <td>38700</td> <td>42000</td> <td>46700</td> <td>50200</td> <td>53700</td> <td>61100</td> <td>64702</td> <td>163700</td> <td>174100</td> <td>184900</td> <td>198800</td> <td>210500</td> <td>222700</td> <td>239100</td> <td>249660</td> <td>1067358</td> <td>1116105 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>745.5</td> <td>1957.9</td> <td>3555</td> <td>5536</td> <td>7700</td> <td>9900</td> <td>13400</td> <td>16000</td> <td>19200</td> <td>22400</td> <td>25600</td> <td>35600</td> <td>38700</td> <td>42000</td> <td>46700</td> <td>50200</td> <td>53700</td> <td>61100</td> <td>64702</td> <td>163700</td> <td>174100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.72638</td> <td>20.29240</td> <td>36.841</td> <td>57.38</td> <td>79.8</td> <td>103</td> <td>139</td> <td>166</td> <td>199</td> <td>232</td> <td>265.3</td> <td>369</td> <td>401</td> <td>435</td> <td>484</td> <td>520</td> <td>557</td> <td>633</td> <td>670.588</td> <td>1697</td> <td>1804</td> <td>1916</td> <td>2060</td> <td>2182</td> <td>2308</td> <td>2478</td> <td>2587.5</td> <td>11062.38</td> <td>11567.617 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">30 Zn <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>906.4</td> <td>1733.3</td> <td>3833</td> <td>5731</td> <td>7970</td> <td>10400</td> <td>12900</td> <td>16800</td> <td>19600</td> <td>23000</td> <td>26400</td> <td>29990</td> <td>40490</td> <td>43800</td> <td>47300</td> <td>52300</td> <td>55900</td> <td>59700</td> <td>67300</td> <td>71200</td> <td>179100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>906.4</td> <td>1733.3</td> <td>3833</td> <td>5731</td> <td>7970</td> <td>10400</td> <td>12900</td> <td>16800</td> <td>19600</td> <td>23000</td> <td>26400</td> <td>29990</td> <td>40490</td> <td>43800</td> <td>47300</td> <td>52300</td> <td>55900</td> <td>59700</td> <td>67300</td> <td>71200</td> <td>179100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>9.3942</td> <td>17.96440</td> <td>39.723</td> <td>59.4</td> <td>82.6</td> <td>108</td> <td>134</td> <td>174</td> <td>203</td> <td>238</td> <td>274</td> <td>310.8</td> <td>419.7</td> <td>454</td> <td>490</td> <td>542</td> <td>579</td> <td>619</td> <td>698</td> <td>738</td> <td>1856 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">31 Ga <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">gallium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>578.8</td> <td>1979.3</td> <td>2963</td> <td>6180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>578.8</td> <td>1979.3</td> <td>2963</td> <td>6180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.99930</td> <td>20.5142</td> <td>30.71</td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">32 Ge <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">germanium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>762</td> <td>1537.5</td> <td>3302.1</td> <td>4411</td> <td>9020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>762</td> <td>1537.5</td> <td>3302.1</td> <td>4411</td> <td>9020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.8994</td> <td>15.93462</td> <td>34.2241</td> <td>45.7131</td> <td>93.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">33 As <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>947.0</td> <td>1798</td> <td>2735</td> <td>4837</td> <td>6043</td> <td>12310 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>947.0</td> <td>1798</td> <td>2735</td> <td>4837</td> <td>6043</td> <td>12310 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>9.7886</td> <td>18.633</td> <td>28.351</td> <td>50.13</td> <td>62.63</td> <td>127.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">34 Se <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>941.0</td> <td>2045</td> <td>2973.7</td> <td>4144</td> <td>6590</td> <td>7880</td> <td>14990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>941.0</td> <td>2045</td> <td>2973.7</td> <td>4144</td> <td>6590</td> <td>7880</td> <td>14990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>9.75238</td> <td>21.19</td> <td>30.8204</td> <td>42.9450</td> <td>68.3</td> <td>81.7</td> <td>155.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">35 Br <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">bromine</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1139.9</td> <td>2103</td> <td>3470</td> <td>4560</td> <td>5760</td> <td>8550</td> <td>9940</td> <td>18600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1139.9</td> <td>2103</td> <td>3470</td> <td>4560</td> <td>5760</td> <td>8550</td> <td>9940</td> <td>18600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>11.81381</td> <td>21.8</td> <td>36</td> <td>47.3</td> <td>59.7</td> <td>88.6</td> <td>103.0</td> <td>192.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">36 Kr <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1350.8</td> <td>2350.4</td> <td>3565</td> <td>5070</td> <td>6240</td> <td>7570</td> <td>10710</td> <td>12138</td> <td>22274</td> <td>25880</td> <td>29700</td> <td>33800</td> <td>37700</td> <td>43100</td> <td>47500</td> <td>52200</td> <td>57100</td> <td>61800</td> <td>75800</td> <td>80400</td> <td>85300</td> <td>90400</td> <td>96300</td> <td>101400</td> <td>111100</td> <td>116290</td> <td>282500</td> <td>296200</td> <td>311400</td> <td>326200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1350.8</td> <td>2350.4</td> <td>3565</td> <td>5070</td> <td>6240</td> <td>7570</td> <td>10710</td> <td>12138</td> <td>22274</td> <td>25880</td> <td>29700</td> <td>33800</td> <td>37700</td> <td>43100</td> <td>47500</td> <td>52200</td> <td>57100</td> <td>61800</td> <td>75800</td> <td>80400</td> <td>85300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>13.99961</td> <td>24.35985</td> <td>36.950</td> <td>52.5</td> <td>64.7</td> <td>78.5</td> <td>111.0</td> <td>125.802</td> <td>230.85</td> <td>268.2</td> <td>308</td> <td>350</td> <td>391</td> <td>447</td> <td>492</td> <td>541</td> <td>592</td> <td>641</td> <td>786</td> <td>833</td> <td>884</td> <td>937</td> <td>998</td> <td>1051</td> <td>1151</td> <td>1205.3</td> <td>2928</td> <td>3070</td> <td>3227</td> <td>3381 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">37 Rb <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>403.0</td> <td>2633</td> <td>3860</td> <td>5080</td> <td>6850</td> <td>8140</td> <td>9570</td> <td>13120</td> <td>14500</td> <td>26740 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>403.0</td> <td>2633</td> <td>3860</td> <td>5080</td> <td>6850</td> <td>8140</td> <td>9570</td> <td>13120</td> <td>14500</td> <td>26740 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>4.17713</td> <td>27.285</td> <td>40</td> <td>52.6</td> <td>71.0</td> <td>84.4</td> <td>99.2</td> <td>136</td> <td>150</td> <td>277.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">38 Sr <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">strontium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>549.5</td> <td>1064.2</td> <td>4138</td> <td>5500</td> <td>6910</td> <td>8760</td> <td>10230</td> <td>11800</td> <td>15600</td> <td>17100</td> <td>31270 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>549.5</td> <td>1064.2</td> <td>4138</td> <td>5500</td> <td>6910</td> <td>8760</td> <td>10230</td> <td>11800</td> <td>15600</td> <td>17100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.6949</td> <td>11.03013</td> <td>42.89</td> <td>57</td> <td>71.6</td> <td>90.8</td> <td>106</td> <td>122.3</td> <td>162</td> <td>177</td> <td>324.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">39 Y <a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">yttrium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>600</td> <td>1180</td> <td>1980</td> <td>5847</td> <td>7430</td> <td>8970</td> <td>11190</td> <td>12450</td> <td>14110</td> <td>18400</td> <td>19900</td> <td>36090 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>600</td> <td>1180</td> <td>1980</td> <td>5847</td> <td>7430</td> <td>8970</td> <td>11190</td> <td>12450</td> <td>14110</td> <td>18400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.2171</td> <td>12.24</td> <td>20.52</td> <td>60.597</td> <td>77.0</td> <td>93.0</td> <td>116</td> <td>129</td> <td>146.2</td> <td>191</td> <td>206</td> <td>374.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">40 Zr <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>640.1</td> <td>1270</td> <td>2218</td> <td>3313</td> <td>7752</td> <td>9500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>640.1</td> <td>1270</td> <td>2218</td> <td>3313</td> <td>7752</td> <td>9500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.63390</td> <td>13.13</td> <td>22.99</td> <td>34.34</td> <td>80.348 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">41 Nb <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>652.1</td> <td>1380</td> <td>2416</td> <td>3700</td> <td>4877</td> <td>9847</td> <td>12100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>652.1</td> <td>1380</td> <td>2416</td> <td>3700</td> <td>4877</td> <td>9847</td> <td>12100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.75885</td> <td>14.32</td> <td>25.04</td> <td>38.3</td> <td>50.55</td> <td>102.057</td> <td>125 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">42 Mo <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>684.3</td> <td>1560</td> <td>2618</td> <td>4480</td> <td>5257</td> <td>6640.8</td> <td>12125</td> <td>13860</td> <td>15835</td> <td>17980</td> <td>20190</td> <td>22219</td> <td>26930</td> <td>29196</td> <td>52490</td> <td>55000</td> <td>61400</td> <td>67700</td> <td>74000</td> <td>80400</td> <td>87000</td> <td>93400</td> <td>98420</td> <td>104400</td> <td>121900</td> <td>127700</td> <td>133800</td> <td>139800</td> <td>148100</td> <td>154500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>684.3</td> <td>1560</td> <td>2618</td> <td>4480</td> <td>5257</td> <td>6640.8</td> <td>12125</td> <td>13860</td> <td>15835</td> <td>17980</td> <td>20190</td> <td>22219</td> <td>26930</td> <td>29196</td> <td>52490</td> <td>55000</td> <td>61400</td> <td>67700</td> <td>74000</td> <td>80400</td> <td>87000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.09243</td> <td>16.16</td> <td>27.13</td> <td>46.4</td> <td>54.49</td> <td>68.8276</td> <td>125.664</td> <td>143.6</td> <td>164.12</td> <td>186.4</td> <td>209.3</td> <td>230.28</td> <td>279.1</td> <td>302.60</td> <td>544.0</td> <td>570</td> <td>636</td> <td>702</td> <td>767</td> <td>833</td> <td>902</td> <td>968</td> <td>1020</td> <td>1082</td> <td>1263</td> <td>1323</td> <td>1387</td> <td>1449</td> <td>1535</td> <td>1601 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">43 Tc <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>686.9</td> <td>1470</td> <td>2850 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>702</td> <td>1470</td> <td>2850 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.28</td> <td>15.26</td> <td>29.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mattolat et al.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>7.119380(32) eV </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">44 Ru <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">ruthenium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>710.2</td> <td>1620</td> <td>2747 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>710.2</td> <td>1620</td> <td>2747 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.36050</td> <td>16.76</td> <td>28.47 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">45 Rh <a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">rhodium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>719.7</td> <td>1740</td> <td>2997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>719.7</td> <td>1740</td> <td>2997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.45890</td> <td>18.08</td> <td>31.06 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">46 Pd <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">palladium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>804.4</td> <td>1870</td> <td>3177 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>804.4</td> <td>1870</td> <td>3177 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>8.3369</td> <td>19.43</td> <td>32.93 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">47 Ag <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>731.0</td> <td>2070</td> <td>3361 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>731.0</td> <td>2070</td> <td>3361 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.5762</td> <td>21.49</td> <td>34.83 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">48 Cd <a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>867.8</td> <td>1631.4</td> <td>3616 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>867.8</td> <td>1631.4</td> <td>3616 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>8.9938</td> <td>16.90832</td> <td>37.48 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">49 In <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">indium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>558.3</td> <td>1820.7</td> <td>2704</td> <td>5210 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>558.3</td> <td>1820.7</td> <td>2704</td> <td>5210 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.78636</td> <td>18.8698</td> <td>28.03</td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">50 Sn <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>708.6</td> <td>1411.8</td> <td>2943.0</td> <td>3930.3</td> <td>7456 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>708.6</td> <td>1411.8</td> <td>2943.0</td> <td>3930.3</td> <td>7456 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.3439</td> <td>14.63225</td> <td>30.50260</td> <td>40.73502</td> <td>72.28 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">51 Sb <a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>834</td> <td>1594.9</td> <td>2440</td> <td>4260</td> <td>5400</td> <td>10400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>834</td> <td>1594.9</td> <td>2440</td> <td>4260</td> <td>5400</td> <td>10400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>8.6084</td> <td>16.53051</td> <td>25.3</td> <td>44.2</td> <td>56</td> <td>108 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">52 Te <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>869.3</td> <td>1790</td> <td>2698</td> <td>3610</td> <td>5668</td> <td>6820</td> <td>13200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>869.3</td> <td>1790</td> <td>2698</td> <td>3610</td> <td>5668</td> <td>6820</td> <td>13200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>9.0096</td> <td>18.6</td> <td>27.96</td> <td>37.41</td> <td>58.75</td> <td>70.7</td> <td>137 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">53 I <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1008.4</td> <td>1845.9</td> <td>3180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1008.4</td> <td>1845.9</td> <td>3180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>10.45126</td> <td>19.1313</td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">54 Xe <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1170.4</td> <td>2046.4</td> <td>3099.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1170.4</td> <td>2046.4</td> <td>3099.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>12.1298</td> <td>21.20979</td> <td>32.1230 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">55 Cs <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>375.7</td> <td>2234.3</td> <td>3400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>375.7</td> <td>2234.3</td> <td>3400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>3.89390</td> <td>23.15745 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">56 Ba <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>502.9</td> <td>965.2</td> <td>3600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>502.9</td> <td>965.2</td> <td>3600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.21170</td> <td>10.00390 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">57 La <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">lanthanum</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>538.1</td> <td>1067</td> <td>1850.3</td> <td>4819</td> <td>5940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>538.1</td> <td>1067</td> <td>1850.3</td> <td>4819</td> <td>5940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.5769</td> <td>11.060</td> <td>19.1773</td> <td>49.95</td> <td>61.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">58 Ce <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>534.4</td> <td>1050</td> <td>1949</td> <td>3547</td> <td>6325</td> <td>7490 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>534.4</td> <td>1050</td> <td>1949</td> <td>3547</td> <td>6325</td> <td>7490 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.5387</td> <td>10.85</td> <td>20.198</td> <td>36.758</td> <td>65.55</td> <td>77.6 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">59 Pr <a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">praseodymium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>527</td> <td>1020</td> <td>2086</td> <td>3761</td> <td>5551 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>527</td> <td>1020</td> <td>2086</td> <td>3761</td> <td>5551 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.473</td> <td>10.55</td> <td>21.624</td> <td>38.98</td> <td>57.53 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">60 Nd <a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">neodymium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>533.1</td> <td>1040</td> <td>2130</td> <td>3900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>533.1</td> <td>1040</td> <td>2130</td> <td>3900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.5250</td> <td>10.73</td> <td>22.1</td> <td>40.41 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">61 Pm <a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">promethium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>540</td> <td>1050</td> <td>2150</td> <td>3970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>540</td> <td>1050</td> <td>2150</td> <td>3970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.582</td> <td>10.90</td> <td>22.3</td> <td>41.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">62 Sm <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">samarium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>544.5</td> <td>1070</td> <td>2260</td> <td>3990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>544.5</td> <td>1070</td> <td>2260</td> <td>3990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.6436</td> <td>11.07</td> <td>23.4</td> <td>41.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">63 Eu <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>547.1</td> <td>1085</td> <td>2404</td> <td>4120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>547.1</td> <td>1085</td> <td>2404</td> <td>4120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.6704</td> <td>11.241</td> <td>24.92</td> <td>42.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">64 Gd <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>593.4</td> <td>1170</td> <td>1990</td> <td>4250 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>593.4</td> <td>1170</td> <td>1990</td> <td>4250 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.1501</td> <td>12.09</td> <td>20.63</td> <td>44.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">65 Tb <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>565.8</td> <td>1110</td> <td>2114</td> <td>3839 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>565.8</td> <td>1110</td> <td>2114</td> <td>3839 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.8638</td> <td>11.52</td> <td>21.91</td> <td>39.79 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">66 Dy <a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">dysprosium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>573.0</td> <td>1130</td> <td>2200</td> <td>3990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>573.0</td> <td>1130</td> <td>2200</td> <td>3990 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.9389</td> <td>11.67</td> <td>22.8</td> <td>41.47 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">67 Ho <a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">holmium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>581.0</td> <td>1140</td> <td>2204</td> <td>4100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>581.0</td> <td>1140</td> <td>2204</td> <td>4100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.0215</td> <td>11.80</td> <td>22.84</td> <td>42.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">68 Er <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">erbium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>589.3</td> <td>1150</td> <td>2194</td> <td>4120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>589.3</td> <td>1150</td> <td>2194</td> <td>4120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.1077</td> <td>11.93</td> <td>22.74</td> <td>42.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">69 Tm <a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">thulium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>596.7</td> <td>1160</td> <td>2285</td> <td>4120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>596.7</td> <td>1160</td> <td>2285</td> <td>4120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.18431</td> <td>12.05</td> <td>23.68</td> <td>42.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">70 Yb <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">ytterbium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>603.4</td> <td>1174.8</td> <td>2417</td> <td>4203 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>603.4</td> <td>1174.8</td> <td>2417</td> <td>4203 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.25416</td> <td>12.1761</td> <td>25.05</td> <td>43.56 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">71 Lu <a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">lutetium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>523.5</td> <td>1340</td> <td>2022.3</td> <td>4370</td> <td>6445 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>523.5</td> <td>1340</td> <td>2022.3</td> <td>4370</td> <td>6445 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.4259</td> <td>13.9</td> <td>20.9594</td> <td>45.25</td> <td>66.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">72 Hf <a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">hafnium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>658.5</td> <td>1440</td> <td>2250</td> <td>3216 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>658.5</td> <td>1440</td> <td>2250</td> <td>3216 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.82507</td> <td>14.9</td> <td>23.3</td> <td>33.33 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">73 Ta <a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">tantalum</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>761</td> <td>1500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>761</td> <td>1500 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.5496 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">74 W <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>770</td> <td>1700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>770</td> <td>1700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.8640 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">75 Re <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">rhenium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>760</td> <td>1260</td> <td>2510</td> <td>3640 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>760</td> <td>1260</td> <td>2510</td> <td>3640 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.8335 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">76 Os <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">osmium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>840</td> <td>1600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>840</td> <td>1600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>8.4382 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">77 Ir <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">iridium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>880</td> <td>1600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>880</td> <td>1600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>8.9670 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">78 Pt <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>870</td> <td>1791 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>870</td> <td>1791 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>8.9587</td> <td>18.563</td> <td>28<sup id="cite_ref-Cowley_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowley-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">79 Au <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>890.1</td> <td>1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>890.1</td> <td>1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>9.2255</td> <td>20.5</td> <td>30<sup id="cite_ref-Cowley_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cowley-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">80 Hg <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1007.1</td> <td>1810</td> <td>3300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1007.1</td> <td>1810</td> <td>3300 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>10.43750</td> <td>18.756</td> <td>34.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">81 Tl <a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">thallium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>589.4</td> <td>1971</td> <td>2878 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>589.4</td> <td>1971</td> <td>2878 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.1082</td> <td>20.428</td> <td>29.83 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">82 Pb <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>715.6</td> <td>1450.5</td> <td>3081.5</td> <td>4083</td> <td>6640 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>715.6</td> <td>1450.5</td> <td>3081.5</td> <td>4083</td> <td>6640 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.41666</td> <td>15.0322</td> <td>31.9373</td> <td>42.32</td> <td>68.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">83 Bi <a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">bismuth</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>703</td> <td>1610</td> <td>2466</td> <td>4370</td> <td>5400</td> <td>8520 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>703</td> <td>1610</td> <td>2466</td> <td>4370</td> <td>5400</td> <td>8520 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>7.2856</td> <td>16.69</td> <td>25.56</td> <td>45.3</td> <td>56.0</td> <td>88.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">84 Po <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>812.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>812.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>8.417 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">85 At <a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">astatine</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>899.003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>920 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Talk:Astatine" title="Talk:Astatine">talk</a></td> <td colspan="30"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v4/n5/full/ncomms2819.html">[1]</a><br />Originally quoted as 9.31751(8) eV. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">86 Rn <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>1037 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>1037 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>10.74850 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">87 Fr <a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">francium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>380 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>380 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>4.0727 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Talk:Francium" title="Talk:Francium">talk</a></td> <td colspan="30"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndreev,_S.V.Letokhov,_V.S.Mishin,_V.I.1987" class="citation journal cs1">Andreev, S.V.; Letokhov, V.S.; Mishin, V.I. (1987). "Laser resonance photoionization spectroscopy of Rydberg levels in Fr". <i><a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" title="Physical Review Letters">Phys. Rev. Lett.</a></i> <b>59</b> (12): 1274–76. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987PhRvL..59.1274A">1987PhRvL..59.1274A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.59.1274">10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.1274</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10035190">10035190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phys.+Rev.+Lett.&rft.atitle=Laser+resonance+photoionization+spectroscopy+of+Rydberg+levels+in+Fr&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1274-76&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10035190&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.59.1274&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987PhRvL..59.1274A&rft.au=Andreev%2C+S.V.&rft.au=Letokhov%2C+V.S.&rft.au=Mishin%2C+V.I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonization+energies+of+the+elements+%28data+page%29" class="Z3988"></span> give 4.0712±0.00004 eV (392.811(4) kJ/mol) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">88 Ra <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">radium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>509.3</td> <td>979.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>509.3</td> <td>979.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.2784</td> <td>10.14716 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">89 Ac <a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">actinium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>499</td> <td>1170 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>499</td> <td>1170 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.17</td> <td>12.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">90 Th <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>587</td> <td>1110</td> <td>1930</td> <td>2780 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>587</td> <td>1110</td> <td>1930</td> <td>2780 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.3067</td> <td>11.5</td> <td>20.0</td> <td>28.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">91 Pa <a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">protactinium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>568 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>568 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.89 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">92 U <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>597.6</td> <td>1420 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>597.6</td> <td>1420 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.19405</td> <td>14.72 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">93 Np <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>604.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>604.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.2657 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">94 Pu <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>584.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>584.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.0262 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">95 Am <a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">americium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>578 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>578 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.9738 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">96 Cm <a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">curium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>581 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>581 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>5.9915 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">97 Bk <a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">berkelium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>601 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>601 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.1979 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">98 Cf <a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">californium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>608 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>608 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.2817 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">99 Es <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">einsteinium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>619 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>619 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.42 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">100 Fm <a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">fermium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>627 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>627 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.50 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">101 Md <a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">mendelevium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>635 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL</td> <td>635 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.58 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">102 No <a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">nobelium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>642 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.65 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">103 Lr <a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">lawrencium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>470 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>4.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="31" style="text-align:left">104 Rf <a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">rutherfordium</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td>use</td> <td>580 </td></tr> <tr> <td>WEL </td></tr> <tr> <td>CRC</td> <td>6.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Values from CRC are ionization energies given in the unit <a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">eV</a>; other values are molar ionization energies given in the unit <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ/mol</a>. The first of these quantities is used in atomic physics, the second in chemistry, but both refer to the same basic property of the element. To convert from "value of ionization energy" to the corresponding "value of molar ionization energy", the conversion is: <dl><dd>1 eV = 96.48534 kJ/mol</dd> <dd>1 kJ/mol = 0.0103642688 eV<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLide2003–2004" class="citation book cs1">Lide, David R., ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unit+Conversions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreif.geo.berkeley.edu%2F~driver%2Fconversions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonization+energies+of+the+elements+%28data+page%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WEL_(Webelements)"><span id="WEL_.28Webelements.29"></span>WEL (Webelements)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: WEL (Webelements)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As quoted at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.webelements.com/">http://www.webelements.com/</a> from these sources: </p> <ul><li>J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in <i>Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity</i>, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.</li> <li>A.M. James and M.P. Lord in <i>Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data</i>, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD/ionEnergy.html">NIST Atomic Spectra Database Ionization Energies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements" title="Molar ionization energies of the elements">Molar ionization energies of the elements</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chemical_elements_data" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_chemical_elements_data" title="Template:Navbox chemical elements data"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_chemical_elements_data" title="Template talk:Navbox chemical elements data"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_chemical_elements_data" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox chemical elements data"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chemical_elements_data" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">Chemical elements</a> data</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements" title="List of chemical elements">List of chemical elements</a>—atomic mass, atomic number, symbol, name</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements" title="Abundance of the chemical elements">Abundance of the chemical elements</a> in Earth's crust, sea water, Sun and Solar System <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Abundances of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radius" title="Atomic radius">Atomic radius</a> empirical, calculated, van der Waals radius, covalent radius <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Atomic radii of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Boiling points of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)" title="Critical point (thermodynamics)">Critical point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Critical points of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> solid, liquid, gas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Densities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_modulus" title="Elastic modulus">Elastic properties of the elements</a>: <a href="/wiki/Young%27s_modulus" title="Young's modulus">Young's modulus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poisson%27s_ratio" title="Poisson's ratio">Poisson's ratio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulk_modulus" title="Bulk modulus">bulk modulus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shear_modulus" title="Shear modulus">shear modulus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_properties_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Elastic properties of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical resistivity">Electrical resistivity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity" title="Electron affinity">Electron affinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)" title="Electron affinity (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">Electron configuration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electron_configurations_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electron configurations of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a> (Pauling, Allen scale) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electronegativities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hardness: <a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs hardness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vickers_hardness_test" title="Vickers hardness test">Vickers hardness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brinell_scale" title="Brinell scale">Brinell hardness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity">Heat capacity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heat capacities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_of_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat of fusion">Heat of fusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_fusion_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of fusion of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_of_vaporization" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat of vaporization">Heat of vaporization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">Ionization energy</a> (in eV) and molar ionization energies (in kJ/mol) <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Melting points of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements" title="Molar ionization energies of the elements">Molar ionization energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state#List_of_oxidation_states_of_the_elements" title="Oxidation state">data table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">Speed of sound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speeds_of_sound_of_the_elements_(data_page)" class="mw-redirect" title="Speeds of sound of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Standard_atomic_weight_of_the_elements" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion" title="Thermal expansion">Thermal expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion_coefficients_of_the_elements_(data_page)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressures_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)">data page</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodic_table" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Template:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Template talk:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_periodic_table" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox periodic table"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodic_table" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Periodic table forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Types_of_periodic_tables" title="Types of periodic tables">Alternatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">Extended periodic table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/Names_for_sets_of_chemical_elements" title="Names for sets of chemical elements">Sets of elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By periodic table structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1 (Hydrogen and alkali metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2 (Alkaline earth metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13 (Triels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14 (Tetrels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15 (Pnictogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16 (Chalcogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17 (Halogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18 (Noble gases)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">8+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Aufbau_model" title="Extended periodic table">Aufbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Fricke" title="Extended periodic table">Fricke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table#Pyykkö" title="Extended periodic table">Pyykkö</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Blocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aufbau_principle" title="Aufbau principle">Aufbau principle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">By <a href="/wiki/Properties_of_metals,_metalloids_and_nonmetals" title="Properties of metals, metalloids and nonmetals">metallicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">Metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">Transition metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-transition_metal" title="Post-transition metal">Post-transition metals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metalloid" title="Metalloid">Metalloids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_metalloids" title="Lists of metalloids">Lists of metalloids by source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividing_line_between_metals_and_nonmetals" title="Dividing line between metals and nonmetals">Dividing line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonmetal" title="Nonmetal">Nonmetals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">Noble gases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">Other sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platinum_group" title="Platinum group">Platinum-group metals (PGM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory_metals" title="Refractory metals">Refractory metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_metals" title="Coinage metals">Coinage metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_metal" title="Noble metal">Noble metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_element" title="Heavy metal element">Heavy metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_metal" title="Native metal">Native metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transuranium_element" title="Transuranium element">Transuranium elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superheavy_element" title="Superheavy element">Superheavy elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_actinide" title="Major actinide">Major actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_actinide" title="Minor actinide">Minor actinides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements" title="List of chemical elements">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By: <a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements" title="Abundance of the chemical elements">Abundance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body" title="Composition of the human body">in humans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_atomic_properties" title="List of elements by atomic properties">Atomic properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes" title="List of elements by stability of isotopes">Nuclear stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_symbol" title="Chemical symbol">Symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Properties" title="Chemical element">Properties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aqueous_ions_by_element" title="List of aqueous ions by element">Aqueous chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_(crystal_structure)" title="Periodic table (crystal structure)">Crystal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_(electron_configurations)" title="Periodic table (electron configurations)">Electron configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldschmidt_classification" title="Goldschmidt classification">Goldschmidt classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_symbol" title="Term symbol">Term symbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: normal;">Data pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Abundances of the elements (data page)">Abundance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Atomic radii of the elements (data page)">Atomic radius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Boiling points of the elements (data page)">Boiling point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Critical points of the elements (data page)">Critical point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Densities of the elements (data page)">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_properties_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Elastic properties of the elements (data page)">Elasticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)">Electrical resistivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)" title="Electron affinity (data page)">Electron affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_configurations_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electron configurations of the elements (data page)">Electron configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Electronegativities of the elements (data page)">Electronegativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page)">Hardness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heat capacities of the elements (data page)">Heat capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_fusion_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of fusion of the elements (data page)">Heat of fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page)">Heat of vaporization</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ionization energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Melting points of the elements (data page)">Melting point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speeds_of_sound_of_the_elements" title="Speeds of sound of the elements">Speed of sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)">Thermal conductivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansivities_of_the_elements" title="Thermal expansivities of the elements">Thermal expansion coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressures_of_the_elements_(data_page)" title="Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)">Vapor pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table" title="History of the periodic table">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_chemical_elements" title="Discovery of chemical elements">Element discoveries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev#Periodic_table" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">1871 table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendeleev%27s_predicted_elements" title="Mendeleev's predicted elements">1869 predictions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_chemical_elements" title="Naming of chemical elements">Naming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies" title="List of chemical element name etymologies">etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_element_naming_controversies" title="List of chemical element naming controversies">controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_places" title="List of chemical elements named after places">for places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements_named_after_people" title="List of chemical elements named after people">for people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_elements_in_East_Asian_languages" title="Chemical elements in East Asian languages">in East Asian languages</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group wraplinks" style="width:1%;white-space: normal !important;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">nomenclature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematic_element_name" title="Systematic element name">systematic element name</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trivial_name" title="Trivial name">Trivial name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev" title="Dmitri Mendeleev">Dmitri Mendeleev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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