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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Compounds </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Compounds-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Compounds subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thallium(III)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thallium(III)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Thallium(III) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thallium(III)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thallium(I)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thallium(I)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Thallium(I) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thallium(I)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organothallium_compounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organothallium_compounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Organothallium compounds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organothallium_compounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrence_and_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrence_and_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Occurrence and production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occurrence_and_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Applications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Applications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Historic uses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Optics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Optics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Optics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Optics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electronics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electronics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Electronics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electronics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-temperature_superconductivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-temperature_superconductivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 High-temperature superconductivity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-temperature_superconductivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Nuclear medicine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thallium_stress_test" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thallium_stress_test"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Thallium stress test </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thallium_stress_test-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Other uses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Toxicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 General bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Thallium</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 138 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-138" aria-hidden="true" > 138 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tallium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ታሊየም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታሊየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थैलियम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="थैलियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثاليوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثاليوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talio" title="Talio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Talio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliu" title="Taliu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Taliu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliu" title="Taliu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Taliu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tallium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="থ্যালিয়াম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থ্যালিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Талій – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Талій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Таль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Таль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थैलियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="थैलियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talyo" title="Talyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Talyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Талий – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Талий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98" title="བེལ་ལིམ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བེལ་ལིམ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talij" title="Talij – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Talij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talliom" title="Talliom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Talliom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal%C2%B7li" title="Tal·li – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tal·li" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talyo" title="Talyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Talyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talliu" title="Talliu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Talliu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaliwm" title="Thaliwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thaliwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="طاليوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طاليوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tallium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Θάλλιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θάλλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talio" title="Talio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Talio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliumo" title="Taliumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Taliumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talio" title="Talio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Talio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تالیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تالیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tali" title="Tali – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tali" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailliam" title="Tailliam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tailliam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailium" title="Tailium – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tailium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talio" title="Talio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Talio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="થેલીયમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="થેલીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Таллиум – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Таллиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%88%EB%A5%A8" title="탈륨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탈륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Թալիում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թալիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थैलियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थैलियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talij" title="Talij – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Talij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talio" title="Talio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Talio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talium" title="Talium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Talium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmThohla" title="UmThohla – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmThohla" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eall%C3%ADn" title="Þallín – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þallín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallio" title="Tallio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tallio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="תליום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תליום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taal%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Taalɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Taalɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಥಾಲಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಥಾಲಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="თალიუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თალიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaliom" title="Thaliom – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Thaliom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tali" title="Tali – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taly%C3%B2m" title="Talyòm – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Talyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taly%C3%BBm" title="Talyûm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Talyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallijs" title="Tallijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tallijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talis_(elementas)" title="Talis (elementas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Talis (elementas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallio" title="Tallio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tallio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallii" title="Tallii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tallii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrtali" title="jinmrtali – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrtali" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0lio" title="Tàlio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tàlio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tallium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Талиум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Талиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="താലിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താലിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थालियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="थालियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثاليوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثاليوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talium" title="Talium – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Talium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Талли – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Талли" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Талли – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Талли" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="သယ်လီယမ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သယ်လီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थ्यालियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="थ्यालियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="タリウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tallium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talli" title="Talli – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Talli" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talliy" title="Talliy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Talliy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਥੈਲੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਥੈਲੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थ्यालियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="थ्यालियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تھیلیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھیلیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="تاليوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تاليوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talio" title="Talio – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Talio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal" title="Tal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1lio" title="Tálio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tálio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliu" title="Taliu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Taliu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalyu" title="Thalyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thalyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थ्यालियम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="थ्यालियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0lliu" title="Tàlliu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tàlliu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliumi" title="Taliumi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Taliumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0lliu" title="Tàlliu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tàlliu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1lium" title="Tálium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tálium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talij" title="Talij – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Talij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="تالیۆم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تالیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Талијум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Талијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talijum" title="Talijum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Talijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tallium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallium" title="Tallium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tallium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talyo" title="Talyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாலியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாலியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="థాలియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="థాలియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="แทลเลียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แทลเลียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Таллий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Таллий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talyum" title="Talyum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Talyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Талій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Талій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="تھیلیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھیلیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A" title="تاللىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تاللىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallii" title="Tallii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tallii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thali" title="Thali – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thali" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%88" title="鉈 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉈" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talyo" title="Talyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Talyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铊" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="טאליום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאליום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Thallium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%88" title="鉈 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Thulium</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical element with atomic number 81 (Tl)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os 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.infobox-full-data>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Thallium, 81Tl</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Thallium_pieces_in_ampoule.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Thallium_pieces_in_ampoule.jpg/220px-Thallium_pieces_in_ampoule.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Thallium_pieces_in_ampoule.jpg/330px-Thallium_pieces_in_ampoule.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Thallium_pieces_in_ampoule.jpg/440px-Thallium_pieces_in_ampoule.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Thallium</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈθæliəm/</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">THAL-ee-əm</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">silvery white</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align: left; color:inherit; background: transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Ar°(Tl)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>[204.382, 204.385]<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li>204.38±0.01 (<a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Abridged_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">abridged</a>)<a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Thallium in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8; color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Silicon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Scandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Manganese</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> ↑ Tl ↓ <a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> ← thallium → <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">Atomic number</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data">81</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">group 13 (boron group)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">period 6</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Block</a></th><td class="infobox-data">  <a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)#p-block" title="Block (periodic table)">p-block</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">Electron configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Electrons per shell</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Physical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">Phase</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">at <a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">STP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">577 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (304 °C, 579 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> (at 20° C)</th><td class="infobox-data">11.873 g/cm3 <a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">when liquid (at <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">m.p.</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">11.22 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion" title="Enthalpy of fusion">Heat of fusion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.14 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">Heat of vaporization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">165 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molar_heat_capacity" title="Molar heat capacity">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26.32 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressure">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperature">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>882 </td> <td>977 </td> <td>1097 </td> <td>1252 </td> <td>1461 </td> <td>1758 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Atomic properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation states</a></th><td class="infobox-data">common: +1, +3 −5,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> −2,<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">?</a> −1,<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">?</a> +2<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">?</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pauling scale: 1.62 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">Ionization energies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1st: 589.4 kJ/mol </li><li>2nd: 1971 kJ/mol </li><li>3rd: 2878 kJ/mol </li><li> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radius" title="Atomic radius">Atomic radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">empirical: 170 <a href="/wiki/Picometre" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Covalent_radius" title="Covalent radius">Covalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">145±7 pm </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius" title="Van der Waals radius">Van der Waals radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">196 pm </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Thallium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Thallium_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Thallium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Thallium_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Thallium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Thallium_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Thallium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Spectral_line" title="Spectral line">Spectral lines</a> of thallium</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Other properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natural occurrence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Close-packing_of_equal_spheres" title="Close-packing of equal spheres">hexagonal close-packed</a> (hcp) (<a href="/wiki/Pearson_symbol" title="Pearson symbol">hP2</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">Lattice constants</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexagonal_close_packed.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for thallium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/50px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/75px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/100px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></div>a = 345.66 pm c = 552.52 pm (at 20 °C)<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coefficient of thermal expansion">Thermal expansion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">46.1 W/(m⋅K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity" title="Electrical resistivity and conductivity">Electrical resistivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.18 µΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetic ordering</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetic">diamagnetic</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_susceptibility" title="Magnetic susceptibility">Molar magnetic susceptibility</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−50.9×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Young%27s_modulus" title="Young's modulus">Young's modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Shear_modulus" title="Shear modulus">Shear modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.8 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bulk_modulus" title="Bulk modulus">Bulk modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">43 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">Speed of sound</a> thin rod</th><td class="infobox-data">818 m/s (at 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Poisson%27s_ratio" title="Poisson's ratio">Poisson ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.45 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.2 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Brinell_hardness_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Brinell hardness test">Brinell hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26.5–44.7 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-28-0 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Naming</th><td class="infobox-data">after Greek thallos, green shoot or twig</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries">Discovery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a> (1861)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First isolation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claude-Auguste_Lamy" title="Claude-Auguste Lamy">Claude-Auguste Lamy</a> (1862)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium" title="Isotopes of thallium">Isotopes of thallium</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_thallium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox thallium isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_thallium_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox thallium isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-7">[7]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abundance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(t1/2) </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">201Tl </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">3.0421 d </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">201Hg </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">203Tl </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">29.5% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">204Tl </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">3.78 y </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_minus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta minus decay">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Lead-204" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead-204">204Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture_and_beta_plus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron capture and beta plus decay">ε + β+</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury-204" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury-204">204Hg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">205Tl </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">70.5% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Thallium" title="Category:Thallium">Category: Thallium</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_thallium" title="Template:Infobox thallium">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_thallium" title="Template talk:Infobox thallium">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_thallium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox thallium">edit</a></li></ul></div> | <a href="/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" title="List of data references for chemical elements">references</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Thallium is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a>; it has <a href="/wiki/Symbol_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbol (chemistry)">symbol</a> Tl and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> 81. It is a silvery-white <a href="/wiki/Post-transition_metal" title="Post-transition metal">post-transition metal</a> that is not found free in nature. When isolated, thallium resembles <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>, but discolors when exposed to air. Chemists <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claude-Auguste_Lamy" title="Claude-Auguste Lamy">Claude-Auguste Lamy</a> discovered thallium independently in 1861, in residues of <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> production. Both used the newly developed method of <a href="/wiki/Flame_spectroscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Flame spectroscopy">flame spectroscopy</a>, in which thallium produces a notable green spectral line. Thallium, from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> θαλλός, <a href="/wiki/Thallus" title="Thallus">thallós</a>, meaning "green shoot" or "twig", was named by Crookes. It was isolated by both Lamy and Crookes in 1862; Lamy by electrolysis and Crookes by precipitation and melting of the resultant powder. Crookes exhibited it as a powder precipitated by zinc at the <a href="/wiki/1862_International_Exhibition" title="1862 International Exhibition">international exhibition</a>, which opened on 1 May that year.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Thallium tends to form the +3 and +1 oxidation states. The +3 state resembles that of the other elements in <a href="/wiki/Boron_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Boron Group">group 13</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">gallium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">indium</a>). However, the +1 state, which is far more prominent in thallium than the elements above it, recalls the chemistry of <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metals</a> and thallium(I) ions are found geologically mostly in potassium-based ores and (when ingested) are handled in many ways like potassium ions (K+) by <a href="/wiki/Ion_transporter" title="Ion transporter">ion pumps</a> in living cells. Commercially, thallium is produced not from potassium ores, but as a byproduct from refining of heavy-metal sulfide ores. Approximately 65% of thallium production is used in the <a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">electronics industry</a> and the remainder is used in the <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceutical industry</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass manufacturing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sl2001-9">[9]</a> It is also used in <a href="/wiki/Infrared_detector" title="Infrared detector">infrared detectors</a>. The radioisotope thallium-201 (as the soluble chloride TlCl) is used in small amounts as an agent in a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a> scan, during one type of nuclear <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_stress_test" title="Cardiac stress test">cardiac stress test</a>. Soluble thallium salts (many of which are nearly tasteless) are highly <a href="/wiki/Toxic" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic">toxic</a> and they were historically used in <a href="/wiki/Rat_poison" class="mw-redirect" title="Rat poison">rat poisons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticides</a>. Because of their nonselective toxicity, use of these compounds has been restricted or banned in many countries. Thallium poisoning usually results in hair loss. Because of its historic popularity as a murder weapon, thallium has gained notoriety as "the poisoner's poison" and "inheritance powder" (alongside <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> A thallium atom has 81 electrons, arranged in the electron configuration [Xe]4f145d106s26p1; of these, the three outermost electrons in the sixth shell are valence electrons. Due to the <a href="/wiki/Inert_pair_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Inert pair effect">inert pair effect</a>, the 6s electron pair is relativistically stabilised and it is more difficult to get these involved in chemical bonding than it is for the heavier elements. Thus, very few electrons are available for metallic bonding, similar to the neighboring elements <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>. Thallium, then, like its congeners, is a soft, highly electrically conducting metal with a low melting point, of 304 °C.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood222-11">[11]</a> A number of standard electrode potentials, depending on the reaction under study,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> are reported for thallium, reflecting the greatly decreased stability of the +3 oxidation state:<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood222-11">[11]</a> <table> <tbody><tr> <td>+0.73</td> <td>Tl3+ + 3 e−</td> <td>↔ Tl </td></tr> <tr> <td>−0.336</td> <td>Tl+ + e−</td> <td>↔ Tl </td></tr></tbody></table> Thallium is the first element in group 13 where the reduction of the +3 oxidation state to the +1 oxidation state is spontaneous under standard conditions.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood222-11">[11]</a> Since bond energies decrease down the group, with thallium, the energy released in forming two additional bonds and attaining the +3 state is not always enough to outweigh the energy needed to involve the 6s-electrons.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood224-13">[13]</a> Accordingly, thallium(I) oxide and hydroxide are more basic and thallium(III) oxide and hydroxide are more acidic, showing that thallium conforms to the general rule of elements being more electropositive in their lower oxidation states.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood224-13">[13]</a> Thallium is <a href="/wiki/Ductility" title="Ductility">malleable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sectility" title="Sectility">sectile</a> enough to be cut with a knife at room temperature. It has a metallic luster that, when exposed to air, quickly tarnishes to a bluish-gray tinge, resembling lead. It may be preserved by immersion in oil. A heavy layer of oxide builds up on thallium if left in air. In the presence of water, thallium <a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</a> is formed. <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">Sulfuric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acids</a> dissolve thallium rapidly to make the <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_sulfate" title="Thallium(I) sulfate">sulfate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_nitrate" title="Thallium(I) nitrate">nitrate</a> salts, while <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a> forms an insoluble <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_chloride" title="Thallium(I) chloride">thallium(I) chloride</a> layer.<a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Isotopes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_thallium" title="Isotopes of thallium">Isotopes of thallium</a></div> Thallium has 41 <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> which have <a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass" title="Atomic mass">atomic masses</a> that range from 176 to 216. 203Tl and 205Tl are the only <a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable isotopes</a> and make up nearly all of natural thallium. The five short-lived isotopes 206Tl through 210Tl inclusive occur in nature, as they are part of the natural <a href="/wiki/Decay_chain" title="Decay chain">decay chains</a> of heavier elements. 204Tl is the most stable <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope">radioisotope</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 3.78 years.<a href="#cite_note-Audi-15">[15]</a> It is made by the <a href="/wiki/Neutron_activation" title="Neutron activation">neutron activation</a> of stable thallium in a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Audi-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The most useful radioisotope, 201Tl (half-life 73 hours), decays by electron capture, emitting X-rays (~70–80 keV), and photons of 135 and 167 keV in 10% total abundance;<a href="#cite_note-Audi-15">[15]</a> therefore, it has good imaging characteristics without an excessive patient-radiation dose. It is the most popular isotope used for thallium nuclear <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_stress_test" title="Cardiac stress test">cardiac stress tests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compounds">Compounds</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Compounds">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Thallium_compounds" title="Category:Thallium compounds">Category:Thallium compounds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thallium_halides" title="Thallium halides">Thallium halides</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thallium(III)">Thallium(III)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Thallium(III)">edit</a>]</div> Thallium(III) compounds resemble the corresponding aluminium(III) compounds. They are moderately strong oxidizing agents and are usually unstable, as illustrated by the positive reduction potential for the Tl3+/Tl couple. Some mixed-valence compounds are also known, such as Tl4O3 and TlCl2, which contain both thallium(I) and thallium(III). <a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_oxide" title="Thallium(III) oxide">Thallium(III) oxide</a>, Tl2O3, is a black solid which decomposes above 800 °C, forming the thallium(I) oxide and oxygen.<a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-14">[14]</a> The simplest possible thallium compound, <a href="/wiki/Thallane" title="Thallane">thallane</a> (TlH3), is too unstable to exist in bulk, both due to the instability of the +3 oxidation state as well as poor overlap of the valence 6s and 6p orbitals of thallium with the 1s orbital of hydrogen.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The trihalides are more stable, although they are chemically distinct from those of the lighter group 13 elements and are still the least stable in the whole group. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium(III) fluoride">thallium(III) fluoride</a>, TlF3, has the <a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth(III) fluoride">β-BiF3</a> structure rather than that of the lighter group 13 trifluorides, and does not form the TlF− 4 complex anion in aqueous solution. The trichloride and tribromide <a href="/wiki/Disproportionation" title="Disproportionation">disproportionate</a> just above room temperature to give the monohalides, and <a href="/wiki/Thallium_triiodide" title="Thallium triiodide">thallium triiodide</a> contains the linear <a href="/wiki/Triiodide" title="Triiodide">triiodide</a> anion (I− 3) and is actually a thallium(I) compound.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood239-19">[19]</a> Thallium(III) sesquichalcogenides do not exist.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood254-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thallium(I)">Thallium(I)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Thallium(I)">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Thallium_halides" title="Thallium halides">thallium(I) halides</a> are stable. In keeping with the large size of the Tl+ cation, the chloride and bromide have the <a href="/wiki/Caesium_chloride" title="Caesium chloride">caesium chloride</a> structure, while the fluoride and iodide have distorted <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a> structures. Like the analogous silver compounds, TlCl, TlBr, and TlI are <a href="/wiki/Photosensitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Photosensitive">photosensitive</a> and display poor solubility in water.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood241-21">[21]</a> The stability of thallium(I) compounds demonstrates its differences from the rest of the group: a stable <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_oxide" title="Thallium(I) oxide">oxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_hydroxide" title="Thallium(I) hydroxide">hydroxide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_carbonate" title="Thallium(I) carbonate">carbonate</a> are known, as are many chalcogenides.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood246-22">[22]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Double_salt" title="Double salt">double salt</a> Tl 4(OH) 2CO 3 has been shown to have hydroxyl-centred triangles of thallium, [Tl 3(OH)]2+ , as a recurring motif throughout its solid structure.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The metalorganic compound thallium ethoxide (TlOEt, TlOC2H5) is a heavy liquid (ρ 3.49 g·cm−3, m.p. −3 °C),<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> often used as a basic and soluble thallium source in organic and organometallic chemistry.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organothallium_compounds">Organothallium compounds</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organothallium compounds">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Organothallium_chemistry" title="Organothallium chemistry">Organothallium chemistry</a></div> Organothallium compounds tend to be thermally unstable, in concordance with the trend of decreasing thermal stability down group 13. The chemical reactivity of the Tl–C bond is also the lowest in the group, especially for ionic compounds of the type R2TlX. Thallium forms the stable [Tl(CH3)2]+ ion in aqueous solution; like the isoelectronic <a href="/wiki/Dimethylmercury" title="Dimethylmercury">Hg(CH3)2</a> and [Pb(CH3)2]2+, it is linear. Trimethylthallium and triethylthallium are, like the corresponding gallium and indium compounds, flammable liquids with low melting points. Like indium, thallium <a href="/wiki/Cyclopentadienyl" title="Cyclopentadienyl">cyclopentadienyl</a> compounds contain thallium(I), in contrast to gallium(III).<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood262-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> Thallium (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> θαλλός, thallos, meaning "a green shoot or twig")<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> was discovered by <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claude_Auguste_Lamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Auguste Lamy">Claude Auguste Lamy</a>, working independently, both using flame spectroscopy (Crookes was first to publish his findings, on March 30, 1861).<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The name comes from thallium's bright <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a> spectral <a href="/wiki/Emission_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Emission line">emission lines</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> derived from the Greek 'thallos', meaning a green twig.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> After the publication of the improved method of flame spectroscopy by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff" title="Gustav Kirchhoff">Gustav Kirchhoff</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> and the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">caesium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a> in the years 1859 to 1860, flame spectroscopy became an approved method to determine the composition of minerals and chemical products. Crookes and Lamy both started to use the new method. Crookes used it to make spectroscopic determinations for <a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">tellurium</a> on selenium compounds deposited in the <a href="/wiki/Lead_chamber_process" title="Lead chamber process">lead chamber</a> of a sulfuric acid production plant near <a href="/wiki/Abberode" title="Abberode">Tilkerode</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Harz" title="Harz">Harz mountains</a>. He had obtained the samples for his research on selenium cyanide from <a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann" title="August Wilhelm von Hofmann">August Hofmann</a> years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> By 1862, Crookes was able to isolate small quantities of the new element and determine the properties of a few compounds.<a href="#cite_note-DeKosky-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Claude-Auguste_Lamy" title="Claude-Auguste Lamy">Claude-Auguste Lamy</a> used a spectrometer that was similar to Crookes' to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a>. He also noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present. Lamy had received this material from the sulfuric acid plant of his friend <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Kuhlmann" title="Charles Frédéric Kuhlmann">Frédéric Kuhlmann</a> and this by-product was available in large quantities. Lamy started to isolate the new element from that source.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The fact that Lamy was able to work ample quantities of thallium enabled him to determine the properties of several compounds and in addition he prepared a small ingot of metallic thallium which he prepared by remelting thallium he had obtained by electrolysis of thallium salts.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As both scientists discovered thallium independently and a large part of the work, especially the isolation of the metallic thallium was done by Lamy, Crookes tried to secure his own priority on the work. Lamy was awarded a medal at the International Exhibition in London 1862: For the discovery of a new and abundant source of thallium and after heavy protest Crookes also received a medal: thallium, for the discovery of the new element. The controversy between both scientists continued through 1862 and 1863. Most of the discussion ended after Crookes was elected <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> in June 1863.<a href="#cite_note-James-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Murder-37">[37]</a> The dominant use of thallium was the use as poison for rodents. After several accidents the use as poison was banned in the United States by <a href="/wiki/Executive_order_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive order (United States)">Presidential Executive Order</a> 11643 in February 1972. In subsequent years several other countries also banned its use.<a href="#cite_note-USGS1972-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence_and_production">Occurrence and production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Occurrence and production">edit</a>]</div> Thallium <a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth%27s_crust" title="Abundance of elements in Earth's crust"> concentration in the Earth's crust</a> is estimated to be 0.7 mg/kg,<a href="#cite_note-USGS-CS2010-39">[39]</a> mostly in association with <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soils</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granites</a>. The major source of thallium for practical purposes is the trace amount that is found in <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, and other heavy-metal-<a href="/wiki/Sulfide" title="Sulfide">sulfide</a> <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ores</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vira-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hutchinsonite-131710.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A close view of a rock crusted with groups of glassy, lustrous, silvery-blue hutchinsonite, in tight clusters of loosely aligned needle-like crystals, among smaller clusters of tiny orange-brown crystals" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hutchinsonite-131710.jpg/220px-Hutchinsonite-131710.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hutchinsonite-131710.jpg/330px-Hutchinsonite-131710.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Hutchinsonite-131710.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Crystals of <a href="/wiki/Hutchinsonite" title="Hutchinsonite">hutchinsonite</a> ((Tl,Pb)2As5S9)</figcaption></figure> Thallium is found in the minerals <a href="/wiki/Crookesite" title="Crookesite">crookesite</a> TlCu7Se4, <a href="/wiki/Hutchinsonite" title="Hutchinsonite">hutchinsonite</a> TlPbAs5S9, and <a href="/wiki/Lor%C3%A1ndite" title="Lorándite">lorándite</a> TlAsS2.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Thallium also occurs as a trace element in <a href="/wiki/Iron_pyrite" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron pyrite">iron pyrite</a>, and thallium is extracted as a by-product of roasting this mineral for the production of <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sl2001-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Downs-43">[43]</a> Thallium can also be obtained from the <a href="/wiki/Smelting" title="Smelting">smelting</a> of lead and zinc ores. <a href="/wiki/Manganese_nodule" title="Manganese nodule">Manganese nodules</a> found on the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean floor">ocean floor</a> contain some thallium.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In addition, several other thallium minerals, containing 16% to 60% thallium, occur in nature as complexes of sulfides or selenides that primarily contain <a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">antimony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a>, copper, lead, and <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>. These minerals are rare, and have had no commercial importance as sources of thallium.<a href="#cite_note-USGS-CS2010-39">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Allchar_deposit" title="Allchar deposit">Allchar deposit</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> was the only area where thallium was actively mined. This deposit still contains an estimated 500 tonnes of thallium, and it is a source for several rare thallium minerals, for example lorándite.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> (USGS) estimates that the annual worldwide production of thallium is 10 metric tonnes as a by-product from the smelting of copper, zinc, and lead ores.<a href="#cite_note-USGS-CS2010-39">[39]</a> Thallium is either extracted from the dusts from the smelter flues or from residues such as <a href="/wiki/Slag" title="Slag">slag</a> that are collected at the end of the smelting process.<a href="#cite_note-USGS-CS2010-39">[39]</a> The raw materials used for thallium production contain large amounts of other materials and therefore a purification is the first step. The thallium is leached either by the use of an alkali or sulfuric acid from the material. The thallium is precipitated several times from the solution to remove impurities. At the end it is converted to thallium sulfate and the thallium is extracted by <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolysis</a> on <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> plates.<a href="#cite_note-Downs-43">[43]</a> The production of thallium decreased by about 33% in the period from 1995 to 2009 – from about 15 metric <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> to about 10 tonnes. Since there are several small deposits or ores with relatively high thallium content, it would be possible to increase the production if a new application, such as a thallium-containing <a href="/wiki/High-temperature_superconductivity" title="High-temperature superconductivity">high-temperature superconductor</a>, becomes practical for widespread use outside of the laboratory.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_uses">Historic uses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Historic uses">edit</a>]</div> The odorless and tasteless <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_sulfate" title="Thallium(I) sulfate">thallium sulfate</a> was once widely used as rat poison and ant killer. Since 1972 this use has been prohibited in the United States due to safety concerns.<a href="#cite_note-USGS1972-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-sl2001-9">[9]</a> Many other countries followed this example. Thallium salts were used in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Ringworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringworm">ringworm</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Skin_infection" title="Skin infection">skin infections</a> and to reduce the <a href="/wiki/Night_sweat" class="mw-redirect" title="Night sweat">night sweating</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> patients. This use has been limited due to their narrow <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_index" title="Therapeutic index">therapeutic index</a>, and the development of improved medicines for these conditions.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optics">Optics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Optics">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_bromide" title="Thallium(I) bromide">Thallium(I) bromide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_iodide" title="Thallium(I) iodide">thallium(I) iodide</a> <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystals</a> have been used as infrared optical materials, because they are harder than other common infrared optics, and because they have transmission at significantly longer wavelengths. The trade name <a href="/wiki/KRS-5" class="mw-redirect" title="KRS-5">KRS-5</a> refers to this material.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_oxide" title="Thallium(I) oxide">Thallium(I) oxide</a> has been used to manufacture glasses that have a high <a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">index of refraction</a>. Combined with sulfur or <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> and arsenic, thallium has been used in the production of high-<a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> glasses that have low <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">melting points</a> in the range of 125 and 150 Celsius°. These glasses have room-temperature properties that are similar to ordinary glasses and are durable, insoluble in water and have unique <a href="/wiki/Refractive_indices" class="mw-redirect" title="Refractive indices">refractive indices</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electronics">Electronics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Electronics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thallium_rod_corroded.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A heavily pitted, blackish cylindrical rod, with extensive, crumbling brown-and-white corrosion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Thallium_rod_corroded.jpg/220px-Thallium_rod_corroded.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Thallium_rod_corroded.jpg/330px-Thallium_rod_corroded.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Thallium_rod_corroded.jpg/440px-Thallium_rod_corroded.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1548" data-file-height="924" /></a><figcaption>A corroded thallium rod</figcaption></figure> Thallium(I) sulfide's <a href="/wiki/Electrical_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical conductivity">electrical conductivity</a> changes with exposure to <a href="/wiki/Infrared_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrared light">infrared light</a>, making this compound useful in <a href="/wiki/Photoresistor" title="Photoresistor">photoresistors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-47">[47]</a> Thallium selenide has been used in <a href="/wiki/Bolometer" title="Bolometer">bolometers</a> for infrared detection.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Doping_(semiconductor)" title="Doping (semiconductor)">Doping</a> selenium semiconductors with thallium improves their performance, thus it is used in trace amounts in <a href="/wiki/Selenium_rectifier" title="Selenium rectifier">selenium rectifiers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-47">[47]</a> Another application of thallium doping is the <a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">sodium iodide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cesium_iodide" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesium iodide">cesium iodide</a> crystals in <a href="/wiki/Gamma_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma radiation">gamma radiation</a> detection devices. In these, the sodium iodide crystals are doped with a small amount of thallium to improve their efficiency as <a href="/wiki/Scintillation_(physics)" title="Scintillation (physics)">scintillation</a> generators.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Some of the electrodes in <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_analyzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen analyzer">dissolved oxygen analyzers</a> contain thallium.<a href="#cite_note-sl2001-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-temperature_superconductivity">High-temperature superconductivity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: High-temperature superconductivity">edit</a>]</div> Research activity with thallium is ongoing to develop high-temperature <a href="/wiki/Superconductivity" title="Superconductivity">superconducting</a> materials for such applications as <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging" title="Magnetic resonance imaging">magnetic resonance imaging</a>, storage of magnetic energy, <a href="/wiki/Linear_motor" title="Linear motor">magnetic propulsion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric power generation">electric power generation</a> and transmission. The research in applications started after the discovery of the first <a href="/wiki/Thallium_barium_calcium_copper_oxide" title="Thallium barium calcium copper oxide">thallium barium calcium copper oxide</a> superconductor in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Thallium <a href="/wiki/Cuprate" title="Cuprate">cuprate</a> superconductors have been discovered that have transition temperatures above 120 K. Some mercury-doped thallium-cuprate superconductors have transition temperatures above 130 K at ambient pressure, nearly as high as the world-record-holding mercury cuprates.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_medicine">Nuclear medicine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nuclear medicine">edit</a>]</div> Before the widespread application of <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m" title="Technetium-99m">technetium-99m</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> isotope <a href="/wiki/Thallium-201" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium-201">thallium-201</a>, with a half-life of 73 hours, was the main substance for <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_perfusion_imaging" title="Myocardial perfusion imaging">nuclear cardiography</a>. The nuclide is still used for stress tests for risk stratification in patients with <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a> (CAD).<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> This isotope of thallium can be generated using a transportable generator, which is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Technetium-99m_generator" title="Technetium-99m generator">technetium-99m generator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The generator contains <a href="/wiki/Lead-201" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead-201">lead-201</a> (half-life 9.33 hours), which decays by <a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">electron capture</a> to thallium-201. The lead-201 can be produced in a <a href="/wiki/Cyclotron" title="Cyclotron">cyclotron</a> by the bombardment of thallium with <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Deuteron" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteron">deuterons</a> by the (p,3n) and (d,4n) reactions.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thallium_stress_test">Thallium stress test</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Thallium stress test">edit</a>]</div> A thallium stress test is a form of <a href="/wiki/Scintigraphy" title="Scintigraphy">scintigraphy</a> in which the amount of thallium in tissues correlates with tissue blood supply. Viable cardiac cells have normal <a href="/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase" class="mw-redirect" title="Na+/K+-ATPase">Na+/K+ ion-exchange pumps</a>. The Tl+ cation binds the K+ pumps and is transported into the cells. Exercise or <a href="/wiki/Dipyridamole" title="Dipyridamole">dipyridamole</a> induces widening (<a href="/wiki/Vasodilation" title="Vasodilation">vasodilation</a>) of arteries in the body. This produces <a href="/wiki/Coronary_steal" title="Coronary steal">coronary steal</a> by areas where arteries are maximally dilated. Areas of infarct or <a href="/wiki/Ischemia" title="Ischemia">ischemic tissue</a> will remain "cold". Pre- and post-stress thallium may indicate areas that will benefit from myocardial <a href="/wiki/Revascularization" title="Revascularization">revascularization</a>. Redistribution indicates the existence of coronary steal and the presence of ischemic <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other uses">edit</a>]</div> A mercury–thallium alloy, which forms a <a href="/wiki/Eutectic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutectic">eutectic</a> at 8.5% thallium, is reported to freeze at −60 °C, some 20 °C below the freezing point of mercury. This alloy is used in thermometers and low-temperature switches.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-47">[47]</a> In organic synthesis, thallium(III) salts, as thallium trinitrate or triacetate, are useful reagents for performing different transformations in aromatics, ketones and olefins, among others.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Thallium is a constituent of the alloy in the <a href="/wiki/Anode" title="Anode">anode</a> plates of <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_battery" title="Magnesium battery">magnesium seawater batteries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sl2001-9">[9]</a> Soluble thallium salts are added to <a href="/wiki/Gold_plating" title="Gold plating">gold plating</a> baths to increase the speed of plating and to reduce grain size within the gold layer.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> A saturated solution of equal parts of thallium(I) <a href="/wiki/Formate" title="Formate">formate</a> (Tl(HCO2)) and thallium(I) <a href="/wiki/Malonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Malonate">malonate</a> (Tl(C3H3O4)) in water is known as <a href="/wiki/Clerici_solution" title="Clerici solution">Clerici solution</a>. It is a mobile, odorless liquid which changes from yellowish to colorless upon reducing the concentration of the thallium salts. With a density of 4.25 g/cm3 at 20 °C, Clerici solution is one of the heaviest aqueous solutions known. It was used in the 20th century for measuring the density of minerals by the <a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">flotation</a> method, but its use has discontinued due to the high toxicity and corrosiveness of the solution.<a href="#cite_note-jahns-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-b1-64">[64]</a> Thallium iodide is frequently used as an additive in <a href="/wiki/Metal-halide_lamp" title="Metal-halide lamp">metal-halide lamps</a>, often together with one or two halides of other metals. It allows optimization of the lamp temperature and color rendering,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> and shifts the spectral output to the green region, which is useful for underwater lighting.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Toxicity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thallium_poisoning" title="Thallium poisoning">Thallium poisoning</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Thallium </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">GHS labelling</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-skull.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS06: Toxic"><img alt="GHS06: Toxic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GHS-pictogram-skull.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-skull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS08: Health hazard"><img alt="GHS08: Health hazard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS09: Environmental hazard"><img alt="GHS09: Environmental hazard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div> </td> <td>Danger </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="H300: Fatal if swallowed">H300</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H330: Fatal if inhaled">H330</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure">H373</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H413: May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life">H413</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.">P260</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.">P264</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P284: Wear respiratory protection.">P284</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P301: IF SWALLOWED:">P301</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.">P310</abbr><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_46fe7723f732d465" /><map name="ImageMap_46fe7723f732d465"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gas" title="Health 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gas" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" title="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazards (white): no code" title="Special hazards (white): no code" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704">4</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704">0</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" class="notheme mw-no-invert">2</a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> Thallium and its compounds are extremely toxic, with numerous recorded cases of fatal thallium poisoning.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> (OSHA) has set the legal limit (<a href="/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit" title="Permissible exposure limit">permissible exposure limit</a>) for thallium exposure in the workplace as 0.1 mg/m2 skin exposure over an eight-hour workday. The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a> (NIOSH) also set a <a href="/wiki/Recommended_exposure_limit" title="Recommended exposure limit">recommended exposure limit</a> (REL) of 0.1 mg/m2 skin exposure over an eight-hour workday. At levels of 15 mg/m2, thallium is <a href="/wiki/IDLH" class="mw-redirect" title="IDLH">immediately dangerous to life and health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Contact with skin is dangerous, and adequate ventilation is necessary when melting this metal. Thallium(I) compounds have a high aqueous solubility and are readily absorbed through the skin, and care should be taken to avoid this route of exposure, as <a href="/wiki/Cutaneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutaneous">cutaneous</a> absorption can exceed the absorbed dose received by inhalation at the <a href="/wiki/Permissible_exposure_limit" title="Permissible exposure limit">permissible exposure limit</a> (PEL).<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Exposure by inhalation cannot safely exceed 0.1 mg/m2 in an eight-hour time-weighted average (40-hour work week).<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) states, "Thallium is not classifiable as a carcinogen, and it is not suspected to be a carcinogen. It is unknown whether chronic or repeated exposure to thallium increases the risk of reproductive toxicity or developmental toxicity. Chronic high level exposure to thallium through inhalation has been reported to cause nervous system effects, such as numbness of fingers and toes."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> For a long time thallium compounds were readily available as rat poison. This fact and that it is water-soluble and nearly tasteless led to frequent intoxication caused by accident or criminal intent.<a href="#cite_note-Murder-37">[37]</a> One of the main methods of removing thallium (both radioactive and stable) from humans is to use <a href="/wiki/Prussian_blue" title="Prussian blue">Prussian blue</a>, a material which absorbs thallium.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Up to 20 grams per day of Prussian blue is fed by mouth to the patient, and it passes through their digestive system and comes out in their stool. <a href="/wiki/Hemodialysis" title="Hemodialysis">Hemodialysis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hemoperfusion" title="Hemoperfusion">hemoperfusion</a> are also used to remove thallium from the blood serum. At later stages of the treatment, additional potassium is used to mobilize thallium from the tissues.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA), artificially-made sources of thallium pollution include gaseous emission of <a href="/wiki/Cement#Heavy_metal_emissions_in_the_air" title="Cement">cement factories</a>, coal-burning power plants, and metal sewers. The main source of elevated thallium concentrations in water is the leaching of thallium from ore processing operations.<a href="#cite_note-Vira-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/28px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/42px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/56px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Chemistry" title="Portal:Chemistry">Chemistry portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myocardial_perfusion_imaging" title="Myocardial perfusion imaging">Myocardial perfusion imaging</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/thallium.htm">"Standard Atomic Weights: Thallium"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights" title="Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights">CIAAW</a>. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Atomic+Weights%3A+Thallium&rft.pub=CIAAW&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Fthallium.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2022" class="citation journal cs1">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2019-0603/html">"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. Pure and Applied Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">1365-3075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arblaster_2018_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arblaster_2018_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArblaster2018" class="citation book cs1">Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62708-155-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62708-155-9"><bdi>978-1-62708-155-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Values+of+the+Crystallographic+Properties+of+Elements&rft.place=Materials+Park%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=ASM+International&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-62708-155-9&rft.aulast=Arblaster&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDongCorbett1996" class="citation journal cs1">Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). 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Retrieved 2010-05-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manual+for+reactor+produced+radioisotopes&rft.pub=International+Atomic+Energy+Agency&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-pub.iaea.org%2FMTCD%2Fpublications%2FPDF%2Fte_1340_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddahiBerman2001" class="citation book cs1">Maddahi, Jamshid; Berman, Daniel (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CqQgnHrDxrUC&pg=PA173">"Detection, Evaluation, and Risk Stratification of Coronary Artery Disease by Thallium-201 Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy 155"</a>. Cardiac SPECT imaging (2nd ed.). 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X.; Lee, C. S.; Zettl, A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1258633">"Stabilization of the Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 superconductor by Hg doping"</a>. Physica C. 234 (1–2): 24–28. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PhyC..234...24J">1994PhyC..234...24J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0921-4534%2894%2990049-3">10.1016/0921-4534(94)90049-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316222202/https://zenodo.org/record/1258633">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-16. 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Retrieved 2006-11-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.atitle=An+integrally+shielded+transportable+generator+system+for+thallium-201+production&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1439-1443&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0020-708X%2882%2990183-1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7169272&rft.aulast=Lagunas-Solar&rft.aufirst=M.+C.&rft.au=Little%2C+F.+E.&rft.au=Goodart%2C+C.+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medscape.com%2Fmedline%2Fabstract%2F7169272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.med.harvard.edu/JPNM/physics/isotopes/Tl/Tl201/prod.html">Thallium-201 production</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060913175254/http://www.med.harvard.edu/JPNM/physics/isotopes/Tl/Tl201/prod.html">Archived</a> 2006-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Medical_School" title="Harvard Medical School">Harvard Medical School</a>'s Joint Program in Nuclear Medicine. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebowitzGreeneFairchildBradley-Moore1975" class="citation journal cs1">Lebowitz, E.; Greene, M. 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Applied Optics. 6 (9): 1563–5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967ApOpt...6.1563G">1967ApOpt...6.1563G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2FAO.6.001563">10.1364/AO.6.001563</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20062260">20062260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Optics&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Thallium+Iodide+on+the+Arc+Temperature+of+Hg+Discharges&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1563-5&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20062260&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1364%2FAO.6.001563&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1967ApOpt...6.1563G&rft.aulast=Gallo&rft.aufirst=C.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilford,_John_Noble1987" class="citation news cs1">Wilford, John Noble (1987-08-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/11/science/undersea-quest-for-giant-squids-and-rare-sharks.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"UNDERSEA QUEST FOR GIANT SQUIDS AND RARE SHARKS"</a>. 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Retrieved 2017-02-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=UNDERSEA+QUEST+FOR+GIANT+SQUIDS+AND+RARE+SHARKS&rft.date=1987-08-11&rft.au=Wilford%2C+John+Noble&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F08%2F11%2Fscience%2Fundersea-quest-for-giant-squids-and-rare-sharks.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/277932?lang=en&region=US">"Thallium 277932"</a>. Sigma-Aldrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002064744/https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/277932?lang=en&region=US">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2018-10-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sigma-Aldrich&rft.atitle=Thallium+277932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F277932%3Flang%3Den%26region%3DUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/news/2011/02/thallium_is_favored_method_of.html">"A 15-year-old case yields a timely clue in deadly thallium poisoning"</a>. nj. 2011-02-13. Retrieved 2023-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nj&rft.atitle=A+15-year-old+case+yields+a+timely+clue+in+deadly+thallium+poisoning&rft.date=2011-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F02%2Fthallium_is_favored_method_of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Ouellette2018" class="citation web cs1">Jennifer Ouellette (25 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/12/new-study-establishes-timeline-for-famous-thallium-poisoning-cold-case/">"Study brings us one step closer to solving 1994 thallium poisoning case"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226001509/https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/12/new-study-establishes-timeline-for-famous-thallium-poisoning-cold-case/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Study+brings+us+one+step+closer+to+solving+1994+thallium+poisoning+case&rft.date=2018-12-25&rft.au=Jennifer+Ouellette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2018%2F12%2Fnew-study-establishes-timeline-for-famous-thallium-poisoning-cold-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0608.html">"CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Thallium (soluble compounds, as Tl)"</a>. www.cdc.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140704/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0608.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-11-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=CDC+%E2%80%93+NIOSH+Pocket+Guide+to+Chemical+Hazards+%E2%80%93+Thallium+%28soluble+compounds%2C+as+Tl%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fnpg%2Fnpgd0608.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osha.gov/surface-contamination">"Surface Contamination - Overview | Occupational Safety and Health Administration"</a>. www.osha.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.osha.gov&rft.atitle=Surface+Contamination+-+Overview+%26%23124%3B+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osha.gov%2Fsurface-contamination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_271500.html">Chemical Sampling Information | Thallium, soluble compounds (as Tl)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322030241/https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_271500.html">Archived</a> 2014-03-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Osha.gov. Retrieved on 2013-09-05. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750026.html">"CDC – The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Systemic Agent: THALLIUM – NIOSH"</a>. www.cdc.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115160632/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750026.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-15. Retrieved 2019-12-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=CDC+%E2%80%93+The+Emergency+Response+Safety+and+Health+Database%3A+Systemic+Agent%3A+THALLIUM+%E2%80%93+NIOSH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fniosh%2Fershdb%2Femergencyresponsecard_29750026.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYangFaustinoProgarBrownell2008" class="citation journal cs1">Yang, Yongsheng; Faustino, Patrick J.; Progar, Joseph J.; et al. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1259065">"Quantitative determination of thallium binding to ferric hexacyanoferrate: Prussian blue"</a>. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 353 (1–2): 187–194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2007.11.031">10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.11.031</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18226478">18226478</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200315120441/https://zenodo.org/record/1259065">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-15. Retrieved 2019-07-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Pharmaceutics&rft.atitle=Quantitative+determination+of+thallium+binding+to+ferric+hexacyanoferrate%3A+Prussian+blue&rft.volume=353&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=187-194&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2007.11.031&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18226478&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Yongsheng&rft.au=Faustino%2C+Patrick+J.&rft.au=Progar%2C+Joseph+J.&rft.au=Brownell%2C+Charles+R.&rft.au=Sadrieh%2C+Nakissa&rft.au=May%2C+Joan+C.&rft.au=Leutzinger%2C+Eldon&rft.au=Place%2C+David+A.&rft.au=Duffy%2C+Eric+P.&rft.au=Yu%2C+Lawrence+X.&rft.au=Khan%2C+Mansoor+A.&rft.au=Lyon%2C+Robbe+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1259065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/prussianblue.asp">Prussian blue fact sheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020123050/http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/prussianblue.asp">Archived</a> 2013-10-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. US <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalbrainLambrecht,_Guy_L._Y.Zandijk,_ErikDemedts,_Paul_A.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Malbrain, Manu L. N. G.; Lambrecht, Guy L. Y.; Zandijk, Erik; Demedts, Paul A.; Neels, Hugo M.; Lambert, Willy; De Leenheer, André P.; Lins, Robert L.; Daelemans, Ronny (1997). "Treatment of Severe Thallium Intoxication". Clinical Toxicology. 35 (1): 97–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F15563659709001173">10.3109/15563659709001173</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9022660">9022660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Severe+Thallium+Intoxication&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=97-100&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3109%2F15563659709001173&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9022660&rft.aulast=Malbrain&rft.aufirst=Manu+L.+N.+G.&rft.au=Lambrecht%2C+Guy+L.+Y.&rft.au=Zandijk%2C+Erik&rft.au=Demedts%2C+Paul+A.&rft.au=Neels%2C+Hugo+M.&rft.au=Lambert%2C+Willy&rft.au=De+Leenheer%2C+Andr%C3%A9+P.&rft.au=Lins%2C+Robert+L.&rft.au=Daelemans%2C+Ronny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/safewater/pdfs/factsheets/ioc/thallium.pdf">"Factsheet on: Thallium"</a> (PDF). US Environmental Protection Agency. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111232626/http://www.epa.gov/safewater/pdfs/factsheets/ioc/thallium.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2009-09-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Factsheet+on%3A+Thallium&rft.pub=US+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsafewater%2Fpdfs%2Ffactsheets%2Fioc%2Fthallium.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: General bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Greenwood" title="Norman Greenwood">Greenwood, Norman N.</a>; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Butterworth-Heinemann" title="Butterworth-Heinemann">Butterworth-Heinemann</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8"><bdi>978-0-08-037941-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-08-037941-8&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThallium" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Thallium at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thallium" class="extiw" title="wikt:thallium">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/thallium" class="extiw" title="c:thallium">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Thallium" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Thallium">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Thallium_atom" class="extiw" title="v:Thallium atom">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/081.htm">Thallium</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" class="mw-redirect" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic926.htm">Toxicity, thallium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@na+@rel+thallium,+elemental">NLM hazardous substances databank – Thallium, elemental</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=308&toxid=49">ATSDR – ToxFAQs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0608.html">CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Boron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td title="N, Nitrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="O, Oxygen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a> </td> <td title="F, Fluorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, Sodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Aluminium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Si, Silicon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a> </td> <td title="P, Phosphorus" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a> </td> <td title="S, Sulfur" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, Potassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td title="Ca, Calcium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Ti, Titanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="V, Vanadium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Cr, Chromium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mn, Manganese" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Fe, Iron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Co, Cobalt" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Ni, Nickel" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Cu, Copper" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Zn, Zinc" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:3px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Og, Oganesson" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; margin:0;"><div style="padding:0.3em;"> <table style="width:100%; line-height:1.2em; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#9bff99;"><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#99ccff;"><a href="/wiki/D-block" class="mw-redirect" title="D-block">d-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#fdff8c;"><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thallium_compounds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thallium_compounds" title="Template:Thallium compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thallium_compounds" title="Template talk:Thallium compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thallium_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thallium compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thallium_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thallium_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium compounds">Thallium compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neg. ox. states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thallide" title="Thallide">Thallides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thallium(I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thallium_azide" title="Thallium azide">TlN3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_hydroxide" title="Thallium(I) hydroxide">TlOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_iodide" title="Thallium(I) iodide">TlI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_bromide" title="Thallium(I) bromide">TlBr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_carbonate" title="Thallium(I) carbonate">Tl2CO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_chloride" title="Thallium(I) chloride">TlCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_fluoride" title="Thallium(I) fluoride">TlF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_hexafluorophosphate" title="Thallium(I) hexafluorophosphate">TlPF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_nitrate" title="Thallium(I) nitrate">TlNO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_oxide" title="Thallium(I) oxide">Tl2O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_sulfate" title="Thallium(I) sulfate">Tl2SO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_sulfide" title="Thallium(I) sulfide">Tl2S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_telluride" title="Thallium(I) telluride">Tl2Te</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium_triiodide" title="Thallium triiodide">TlI3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium_barium_calcium_copper_oxide" title="Thallium barium calcium copper oxide">TBCCO</a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organothallium_chemistry" title="Organothallium chemistry">Organothallium(I)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallous_acetate" title="Thallous acetate">TlC2H3O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallous_malonate" title="Thallous malonate">Tl2C3H2O4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentadienylthallium" title="Cyclopentadienylthallium">TlC5H5</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thallium(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thallane" title="Thallane">TlH3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_hydroxide" title="Thallium(III) hydroxide">Tl(OH)3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_oxide" title="Thallium(III) oxide">Tl2O3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_nitrate" title="Thallium(III) nitrate">Tl(NO3)3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_acetate" title="Thallium(III) acetate">Tl(CH3COO)3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium_trifluoride" title="Thallium trifluoride">TlF3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallium(III)_trifluoroacetate" title="Thallium(III) trifluoroacetate">Tl(CF3COO)3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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