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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incumbents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incumbents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Incumbents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incumbents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruling_party_and_the_main_opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruling_party_and_the_main_opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ruling party and the main opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruling_party_and_the_main_opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:270px; font-size:100%;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left; font-size:88%; background:#f3f3f3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <p><span style="font-size:120%">←</span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1930_in_Turkey" title="1930 in Turkey">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_in_Turkey" title="1929 in Turkey">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_in_Turkey" title="1928 in Turkey">1928</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/80px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/120px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/160px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td class="summary" style="text-align:center; width:50%; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><span style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/AD_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1931">1931</a></span><br /> in<br /> <span class="adr"><span class="country-name location"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></span></span></td> <td style="text-align:right; font-size:88%; background:#f3f3f3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <p><span style="font-size:120%">→</span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_Turkey" title="1932 in Turkey">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_Turkey" title="1933 in Turkey">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_in_Turkey" title="1934 in Turkey">1934</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:88%;">Centuries:</th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_20th_century_in_Turkey" title="Category:Years of the 20th century in Turkey">20th</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_21st_century_in_Turkey" title="Category:Years of the 21st century in Turkey">21st</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:88%;">Decades:</th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1920s_in_Turkey" title="Category:1920s in Turkey">1920s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:1930s_in_Turkey" title="Category:1930s in Turkey">1930s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_in_Turkey" title="Category:1940s in Turkey">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_in_Turkey" title="Category:1950s in Turkey">1950s</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:88%;">See also:</th><td class="infobox-data hlist" style="font-size:88%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Turkey" title="List of years in Turkey">List of years in Turkey</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Events in the year <b>1931 in Turkey</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliament">Parliament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="3rd Parliament of Turkey">3rd Parliament of Turkey</a> (up to 4 May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="4th Parliament of Turkey">4th Parliament of Turkey</a> (from 4 May)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incumbents">Incumbents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Incumbents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruling_party_and_the_main_opposition">Ruling party and the main opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ruling party and the main opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ruling party – <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (CHP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabinet">Cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6th_government_of_Turkey" title="6th government of Turkey">6th government of Turkey</a> (up to 5 May)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_government_of_Turkey" title="7th government of Turkey">7th government of Turkey</a> (from 5 May)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>26 March – International measurements were legalized</li> <li>15 April – <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Historical_Society" title="Turkish Historical Society">Turkish Historical Society</a> was founded</li> <li>4 May – General elections</li> <li>5 May –</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Kemal Atatürk was reelected as the president</dd> <dd>İsmet İnönü formed his <a href="/wiki/7th_government_of_Turkey" title="7th government of Turkey">new cabinet</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>4 January – <a href="/wiki/Co%C5%9Fkun_%C3%96zar%C4%B1" title="Coşkun Özarı">Coşkun Özarı</a>, football coach</li> <li>27 January – <a href="/wiki/Gazanfer_%C3%96zcan" title="Gazanfer Özcan">Gazanfer Özcan</a> theatre actor</li> <li>28 January – <a href="/wiki/Naci_Erdem" title="Naci Erdem">Naci Erdem</a>, footballer</li> <li>5 July – <a href="/wiki/Selahattin_Beyaz%C4%B1t" title="Selahattin Beyazıt">Selahattin Beyazıt</a>, businessman</li> <li>7 July – <a href="/wiki/Talat_Sait_Halman" class="mw-redirect" title="Talat Sait Halman">Talat Sait Halman</a>, politician and man of letters</li> <li>10 September – <a href="/wiki/Ece_Ayhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ece Ayhan">Ece Ayhan</a>, poet</li> <li>6 December – <a href="/wiki/Zeki_M%C3%BCren" title="Zeki Müren">Zeki Müren</a>, singer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>3 March – <a href="/wiki/Hasan_%C4%B0zzet_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan İzzet Pasha">Hasan İzzet Pasha</a> (born in 1871), Ottoman general</li> <li>31 July – <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%BCr%C3%BCksulu_Mahmud_Pasha" title="Çürüksulu Mahmud Pasha">Çürüksulu Mahmud Pasha</a> (born in 1864), Ottoman admiral and politician</li> <li>15 September – <a href="/wiki/Seniha_Sultan" title="Seniha Sultan">Seniha Sultan</a> (born in 1852), Ottoman princess</li> <li>5 October – <a href="/wiki/Selma_R%C4%B1za" title="Selma Rıza">Selma Rıza</a> (Feraceli), first Turkish female journalist</li> <li>15 October – <a href="/wiki/Veysel_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr" title="Veysel Özgür">Veysel Özgür</a> (born in 1877), military officer</li> <li>23 December – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Rauf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Rauf (page does not exist)">Mehmet Rauf</a> (born in 1875), novelist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MustafaKemalAtaturk_oval.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kemal Atatürk"><img alt="Kemal Atatürk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/MustafaKemalAtaturk_oval.png/101px-MustafaKemalAtaturk_oval.png" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/MustafaKemalAtaturk_oval.png/152px-MustafaKemalAtaturk_oval.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/MustafaKemalAtaturk_oval.png 2x" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kemal Atatürk</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_Ismet_Inonu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="İsmet İnönü"><img alt="İsmet İnönü" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PM_Ismet_Inonu.jpg/73px-PM_Ismet_Inonu.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PM_Ismet_Inonu.jpg/110px-PM_Ismet_Inonu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PM_Ismet_Inonu.jpg/146px-PM_Ismet_Inonu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">İsmet İnönü</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasan-Izzet-Pasa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hasan İzzet Pasha"><img alt="Hasan İzzet Pasha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hasan-Izzet-Pasa.jpg/95px-Hasan-Izzet-Pasa.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Hasan-Izzet-Pasa.jpg/142px-Hasan-Izzet-Pasa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Hasan-Izzet-Pasa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="190" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hasan İzzet Pasha</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%87%C3%BCr%C3%BCksulu_Mahmut_Pa%C5%9Fa_(Tavdgiridze).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Çürüksulu Mahmut Pasha"><img alt="Çürüksulu Mahmut Pasha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%C3%87%C3%BCr%C3%BCksulu_Mahmut_Pa%C5%9Fa_%28Tavdgiridze%29.JPG/84px-%C3%87%C3%BCr%C3%BCksulu_Mahmut_Pa%C5%9Fa_%28Tavdgiridze%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%C3%87%C3%BCr%C3%BCksulu_Mahmut_Pa%C5%9Fa_%28Tavdgiridze%29.JPG/127px-%C3%87%C3%BCr%C3%BCksulu_Mahmut_Pa%C5%9Fa_%28Tavdgiridze%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%C3%87%C3%BCr%C3%BCksulu_Mahmut_Pa%C5%9Fa_%28Tavdgiridze%29.JPG/169px-%C3%87%C3%BCr%C3%BCksulu_Mahmut_Pa%C5%9Fa_%28Tavdgiridze%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="422" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Çürüksulu Mahmut Pasha</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Veysel_Bey_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Veysel Özgür"><img alt="Veysel Özgür" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Veysel_Bey_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr.JPG/86px-Veysel_Bey_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr.JPG" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Veysel_Bey_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr.JPG/129px-Veysel_Bey_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Veysel_Bey_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr.JPG/172px-Veysel_Bey_%C3%96zg%C3%BCr.JPG 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Veysel Özgür </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1931_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Türkiye'nin 70 yılı, Tempo, İstanbul, 1998, pp 49–50</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_20th_century_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Years of the 20th century in the Ottoman Empire">Pre-1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_in_Turkey" title="1923 in Turkey">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_in_Turkey" title="1924 in Turkey">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_in_Turkey" title="1925 in Turkey">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_in_Turkey" title="1926 in Turkey">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_in_Turkey" title="1927 in Turkey">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_in_Turkey" title="1928 in Turkey">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_in_Turkey" title="1929 in Turkey">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_in_Turkey" title="1930 in Turkey">1930</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_Turkey" title="1932 in Turkey">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_Turkey" title="1933 in Turkey">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_in_Turkey" title="1934 in Turkey">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_in_Turkey" title="1935 in Turkey">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_in_Turkey" title="1936 in Turkey">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_in_Turkey" title="1937 in Turkey">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_Turkey" title="1938 in Turkey">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_in_Turkey" title="1939 in Turkey">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_Turkey" title="1940 in Turkey">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_Turkey" title="1941 in Turkey">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_Turkey" title="1942 in Turkey">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_Turkey" title="1943 in Turkey">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_Turkey" title="1944 in Turkey">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_in_Turkey" title="1945 in Turkey">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_in_Turkey" title="1946 in Turkey">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_in_Turkey" title="1947 in Turkey">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Turkey" title="1948 in Turkey">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_in_Turkey" title="1949 in Turkey">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_in_Turkey" title="1950 in Turkey">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_in_Turkey" title="1951 in Turkey">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_in_Turkey" title="1952 in Turkey">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_in_Turkey" title="1953 in Turkey">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_in_Turkey" title="1954 in Turkey">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_in_Turkey" title="1955 in Turkey">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_in_Turkey" title="1956 in Turkey">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_in_Turkey" title="1957 in Turkey">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_in_Turkey" title="1958 in Turkey">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_in_Turkey" title="1959 in Turkey">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_Turkey" title="1960 in Turkey">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_in_Turkey" title="1961 in Turkey">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_in_Turkey" title="1962 in Turkey">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_in_Turkey" title="1963 in Turkey">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_in_Turkey" title="1964 in Turkey">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_in_Turkey" title="1965 in Turkey">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_in_Turkey" title="1966 in Turkey">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_in_Turkey" title="1967 in Turkey">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_in_Turkey" title="1968 in Turkey">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_Turkey" title="1969 in Turkey">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_Turkey" title="1970 in Turkey">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_Turkey" title="1971 in Turkey">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_Turkey" title="1972 in Turkey">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_Turkey" title="1973 in Turkey">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_Turkey" title="1974 in Turkey">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_Turkey" title="1975 in Turkey">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_Turkey" title="1976 in Turkey">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_Turkey" title="1977 in Turkey">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_Turkey" title="1978 in Turkey">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_Turkey" title="1979 in Turkey">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_Turkey" title="1980 in Turkey">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_Turkey" title="1981 in Turkey">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_Turkey" title="1982 in Turkey">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_Turkey" title="1983 in Turkey">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_Turkey" title="1984 in Turkey">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_Turkey" title="1985 in Turkey">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_Turkey" title="1986 in Turkey">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_Turkey" title="1987 in Turkey">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_Turkey" title="1988 in Turkey">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_Turkey" title="1989 in Turkey">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_Turkey" title="1990 in Turkey">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Turkey" title="1991 in Turkey">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_Turkey" title="1992 in Turkey">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_Turkey" title="1993 in Turkey">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_Turkey" title="1994 in Turkey">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_Turkey" title="1995 in Turkey">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_Turkey" title="1996 in Turkey">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_Turkey" title="1997 in Turkey">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_Turkey" title="1998 in Turkey">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_Turkey" title="1999 in Turkey">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_Turkey" title="2000 in Turkey">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_Turkey" title="2001 in Turkey">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_Turkey" title="2002 in Turkey">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Turkey" title="2003 in Turkey">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Turkey" title="2004 in Turkey">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Turkey" title="2005 in Turkey">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Turkey" title="2006 in Turkey">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Turkey" title="2007 in Turkey">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Turkey" title="2008 in Turkey">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Turkey" title="2009 in Turkey">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Turkey" title="2010 in Turkey">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Turkey" title="2011 in Turkey">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_Turkey" title="2012 in Turkey">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_Turkey" title="2013 in Turkey">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_Turkey" title="2014 in Turkey">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_Turkey" title="2015 in Turkey">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Turkey" title="2016 in Turkey">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Turkey" title="2017 in Turkey">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_Turkey" title="2018 in Turkey">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Turkey" title="2019 in Turkey">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Turkey" title="2020 in Turkey">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Turkey" title="2021 in Turkey">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Turkey" title="2022 in Turkey">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Turkey" title="2023 in Turkey">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Turkey" title="2024 in Turkey">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_Turkey" title="2025 in Turkey">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1931_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_in_Europe" title="Template:Year in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Year in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1931_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1931 in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baden" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Belgium" title="1931 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia" title="History of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Denmark" title="1931 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Estonia" title="1931 in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Finland" title="History of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_France" title="1931 in France">France</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Germany" title="1931 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greece" title="History of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary" title="History of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Iceland" title="1931 in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Ireland" title="1931 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Italy" title="1931 in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latvia" title="History of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liechtenstein" title="History of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania" title="History of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Luxembourg" title="History of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Monaco" title="History of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Norway" title="1931 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Portugal" title="1931 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Romania" title="1931 in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Marino" title="History of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1931 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">Armenian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belarus" title="History of Belarus">Byelorussian SSR</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">Georgian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakh SSR</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 in Russia">Russian SFSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine" title="History of Ukraine">Ukrainian SSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Spain" title="1931 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Sweden" title="1931 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Switzerland" title="1931 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkey</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1931 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Vatican_City" title="1931 in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a>, colonies<br />and other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_%C3%85land" title="History of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gibraltar" title="History of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guernsey" title="History of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="History of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey" title="History of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malta" title="History of Malta">Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1931_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_in_Asia" title="Template:Year in Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_in_Asia" title="Template talk:Year in Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_in_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year in Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1931_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1931 in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Afghanistan" title="1931 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bhutan" title="History of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_China" title="1931 in China">China</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Egypt" title="1931 in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Japan" title="1931 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nepal" title="History of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oman" title="History of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Persia">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Siam">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikkim" title="History of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1931 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Transjordan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Transjordan">Transjordan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkey</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="History of North Yemen">North Yemen</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijan" title="History of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belarus" title="History of Belarus">Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(country)" title="History of Georgia (country)">Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic">Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tajikistan" title="History of Tajikistan">Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tibet" title="History of Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Turkmen_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic">Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Uzbekistan" title="History of Uzbekistan">Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a>, colonies<br />and other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bahrain" title="History of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_India" title="1931 in India">British India</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_British_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="History of British Malaya">British Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brunei" title="History of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_India" class="mw-redirect" title="History of French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="History of French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kuwait" title="History of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mandatory_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Mandatory Iraq">Mandatory Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1931 in Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mandatory_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Mandatory Syria">Mandatory Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_Taiwan" title="1931 in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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