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id="mf-section-0"> Christ,<a href="#cite_note-5">[note 1]</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> as both <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">a name and a title</a>, unambiguously refers to <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zanzig33-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Espin231-8">[7]</a> It is also used as a <a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">title</a>, in the reciprocal usage "Christ Jesus", meaning "the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> Jesus" or "Jesus the <a href="/wiki/Anointed" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointed">Anointed</a>", and independently as "the Christ".<a href="#cite_note-Pannenberg-9">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a>, the earliest texts of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> often call Jesus "Christ Jesus" or just "Christ".<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/220px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/330px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg/440px-Spas_vsederzhitel_sinay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2023" data-file-height="3774"></a><figcaption>The oldest known icon of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Christ Pantocrator</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a>. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> The concept of the Christ in Christianity <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism#The_Messiah" title="Christianity and Judaism">originated from the concept</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">messiah in Judaism</a>. Christians believe that Jesus is the messiah foretold in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> and the Christian <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>. Although the conceptions of the messiah in each religion are similar, for the most part they are distinct from one another due to the <a href="/wiki/Split_of_early_Christianity_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Split of early Christianity and Judaism">split of early Christianity and Judaism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Although the original <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">followers of Jesus</a> believed Jesus to be the Jewish messiah, e.g. in the <a href="/wiki/Confession_of_Peter" title="Confession of Peter">Confession of Peter</a>, he was usually called "Jesus of Nazareth" or "Jesus, son of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-12">[11]</a> Jesus came to be called "Jesus Christ" (meaning "Jesus the Khristós", i.e. "Jesus the Messiah" or "Jesus the <a href="/wiki/Anointed" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointed">Anointed</a>") by Christians, who believe that his <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a> fulfill the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messianic prophecies</a> of the Old Testament, especially the prophecies outlined in <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_53" title="Isaiah 53">Isaiah 53</a> and Psalm 22.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Usage">2 Usage</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Background_and_New_Testament_references">3 Background and New Testament references</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Pre%E2%80%93New-Testament_references">3.1 Pre–New-Testament references</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Opening_lines_of_Mark_and_Matthew">3.2 Opening lines of Mark and Matthew</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Confession_of_Peter_(Matthew,_Mark_and_Luke)">3.3 Confession of Peter (Matthew, Mark and Luke)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Martha's_statement_(John)">3.4 Martha's statement (John)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus_(Matthew,_Mark_and_Luke)">3.5 Sanhedrin trial of Jesus (Matthew, Mark and Luke)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Pauline_epistles">3.6 Pauline epistles</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Use_of_Messias_in_John">3.7 Use of Messias in John</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Christology">4 Christology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Symbols">5 Symbols</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Notes">7 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References">8 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Further_reading">9 Further reading</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Christ derives from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word χριστός (chrīstós), meaning literally "<a href="/wiki/Anointing" title="Anointing">anointed</a> one". The word is derived from the Greek verb χρίω (chrī́ō), meaning literally "to anoint."<a href="#cite_note-lsjchristos-14">[13]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, χριστός was a <a href="/wiki/Semantic_loan" title="Semantic loan">semantic loan</a> used to translate the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> מָשִׁיחַ (Mašíaḥ, messiah), meaning "[one who is] anointed".<a href="#cite_note-Bible_Study_Tools-15">[14]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Holy Name of Jesus">Holy Name of Jesus</a></div> The word Christ (and similar spellings) appears in English and in most European languages. English speakers now often use "Christ" as if it were a name, one part of the name "<a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>", though it was originally a title ("the Messiah"). Its usage in "Christ Jesus" emphasizes its nature as a title.<a href="#cite_note-Pannenberg-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miriam-16">[15]</a> Compare the usage "the Christ".<a href="#cite_note-bauermessias-17">[16]</a> The spelling Christ in English became standardized in the 18th century, when, in the spirit of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>, certain words' spelling changed to fit their <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> origins. Before that, scribes writing in <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> usually used the spelling Crist—the i being pronounced either as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/iː/</a>, preserved in the names of churches such as <a href="/wiki/St_Katherine_Cree" class="mw-redirect" title="St Katherine Cree">St Katherine Cree</a>, or as a short <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪ/</a>, preserved in the modern pronunciation of "<a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>". The spelling "Christ" in English is attested from the 14th century.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> In modern and ancient usage, even in secular terminology, "Christ" usually refers to Jesus, based on the centuries-old tradition of such usage. Since the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a>, the use of the definite article before the word Christ and its gradual development into a proper name show the Christians identified the bearer with the promised Messias of the Jews.<a href="#cite_note-CathencChrist-19">[18]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Background_and_New_Testament_references">Background and New Testament references</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background and New Testament references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sargis_Pitsak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/170px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="2530"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 238px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/170px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="238" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/255px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/340px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>First page of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Sargis_Pitsak" title="Sargis Pitsak">Sargis Pitsak</a> (14th century): "The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God"</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre–New-Testament_references">Pre–New-Testament references</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pre–New-Testament references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, anointing was a ceremonial ritual reserved to: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah#List_of_Kings" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">Kings of Israel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1 Kings</a> 19:16; 24:7, <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> 17 (18):51);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a> (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a> 45:1);</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a>;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">patriarchs</a> (Psalms 104(105):15); and</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_prophets" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical prophets">prophets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-lsjchristos-14">[13]</a></li></ul> In the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> text of the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical books</a>, the term "Christ" (Χριστός, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">translit.</a> Christós) is found in <a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a> 1:10<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> (referring to the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel#Consecration" title="High Priest of Israel">anointed High Priest of Israel</a>) and in the <a href="/wiki/Sirach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirach">Book of Sirach</a> 46:19,<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> in relation to <a href="/wiki/Samuel#Biblical_account#Calling" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>, prophet and institutor of the kingdom under Saul. At the time of Jesus, there was no single form of <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a>, and there were significant political, social, and religious differences among the various Jewish groups.<a href="#cite_note-Ekstrand147-25">[24]</a> But for centuries the Jews had used the term moshiach ("anointed") to refer to their expected deliverer.<a href="#cite_note-CathencChrist-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_lines_of_Mark_and_Matthew">Opening lines of Mark and Matthew</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Opening lines of Mark and Matthew" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#1:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">1:1</a> ("The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God") identifies Jesus as both Christ and the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%201:1&version=nrsv">Matthew 1:1</a> uses Christ as a name and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%201:16&version=nrsv">1:16</a> explains it again with: "Jesus, who is called Christ". The use of the <a href="/wiki/Article_(grammar)#Definite_article" title="Article (grammar)">definite article</a> before the word "Christ" and its gradual development into a proper name show that the Christians identified Jesus with the promised messiah of the Jews who fulfilled all the <a href="/wiki/Christian_messianic_prophecies" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian messianic prophecies">messianic predictions</a> in a fuller and a higher sense than had been given them by the <a href="/wiki/Rabbis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbis">rabbis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CathencChrist-19">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confession_of_Peter_(Matthew,_Mark_and_Luke)">Confession of Peter (Matthew, Mark and Luke)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Confession of Peter (Matthew, Mark and Luke)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The so-called <a href="/wiki/Confession_of_Peter" title="Confession of Peter">Confession of Peter</a>, recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a> as Jesus's foremost apostle <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> saying that Jesus was the Messiah, has become a famous proclamation of faith among Christians since the first century.<a href="#cite_note-Ekstrand147-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martha's_statement_(John)">Martha's statement (John)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Martha's statement (John)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+11:27&version=niv;kjv">John 11:27</a> Martha told Jesus, "you are the Christ, the Son of God, who is coming into the world", signifying that both titles were generally accepted (yet considered distinct) among the followers of Jesus before the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising of Lazarus">raising of Lazarus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus_(Matthew,_Mark_and_Luke)">Sanhedrin trial of Jesus (Matthew, Mark and Luke)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sanhedrin trial of Jesus (Matthew, Mark and Luke)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> During the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial of Jesus</a>, it might appear from the narrative of Matthew that Jesus at first refused a direct reply to the high priest <a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a>'s question: "Are you the Messiah, the Son of God?", where his answer is given merely as Σὺ εἶπας (Su eipas, "You [singular] have said it").<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Similarly but differently in Luke, all those present are said to ask Jesus: 'Are you then the Son of God?', to which Jesus reportedly answered: Ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι (Hymeis legete hoti ego eimi, "You [plural] say that I am".<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> In the Gospel of Mark, however, when asked by Caiaphas 'Are you the Messiah, the Son of the Blessed One?', Jesus tells the Sanhedrin: Ἐγώ εἰμι (ego eimi, "I am").<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> There are instances from <a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Jewish literature</a> in which the expression "you have said it" is equivalent to "you are right".<a href="#cite_note-CathencMessiah-30">[29]</a> The Messianic claim was less significant than the claim to divinity, which caused the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">high priest</a>'s horrified accusation of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> and the subsequent call for the death sentence. <a href="/wiki/Pilate%27s_court" title="Pilate's court">Before Pilate</a>, on the other hand, it was merely the assertion of his <a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">royal</a> dignity which gave grounds for his condemnation.<a href="#cite_note-CathencMessiah-30">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pauline_epistles">Pauline epistles</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pauline epistles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The word "Christ" is closely associated with Jesus in the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a>, which suggests that there was no need for the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christians">early Christians</a> to claim that Jesus is Christ because it was considered widely accepted among them. Hence <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> can use the term Khristós with no confusion as to whom it refers, and he can use expressions such as "in Christ" to refer to the followers of Jesus, as in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#4:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 4:15</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#12:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 12:5</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Paul proclaimed him as the <a href="/wiki/Last_Adam" title="Last Adam">Last Adam</a>, who restored through obedience what <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> lost through disobedience.<a href="#cite_note-Rahner731-32">[31]</a> The Pauline epistles are a source of some key Christological connections; e.g., <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ephesians#3:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Ephesians">Ephesians 3:17–19</a> relates the <a href="/wiki/Love_of_Christ" title="Love of Christ">love of Christ</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_of_Christ" title="Knowledge of Christ">knowledge of Christ</a>, and considers the love of Christ as a necessity for knowing him.<a href="#cite_note-WBarc152-33">[32]</a> There are also implicit claims to him being the Christ in the words and actions of Jesus.<a href="#cite_note-CathencMessiah-30">[29]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_Messias_in_John">Use of Messias in John</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Use of Messias in John" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenization</a> Μεσσίας (Messías) is used twice to mean "Messiah" in the New Testament: by the <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciple</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a> at <a href="/wiki/John_1:41" title="John 1:41">John 1:41</a>, and by the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">Samaritan woman at the well</a> at John 4:25. In both cases, the Greek text specifies immediately after that this means "the Christ."<a href="#cite_note-bauermessias-17">[16]</a>: 509 </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Christology">Christology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Christology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></div> Christology, literally "the understanding of Christ",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014108-34">[33]</a> is the study of the nature (person) and work (role in salvation) of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus in Christianity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014171-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Collins20091-3-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamm199315-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirdEvansGathercole2014134,_n.5-38">[37]</a> It studies Jesus Christ's humanity and divinity, and the relation between these two aspects;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014ch.6-9-39">[38]</a> and the role he plays in <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvation</a>. From the second to the fifth centuries, the relation of the human and divine nature of Christ was a major focus of debates in the <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">early church</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">first seven ecumenical councils</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> in 451 issued a formulation of the <a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">hypostatic union</a> of the two natures of Christ, one human and one divine, "united with neither confusion nor division".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1990342-40">[39]</a> Most of the major branches of Western Christianity and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> subscribe to this formulation,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1990342-40">[39]</a> while many branches of <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a> reject it,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmentroutBoak_Slocum200581-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsp%C3%ADnNickoloff2007217-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeversluis200021%E2%80%9322-43">[42]</a> subscribing to <a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">miaphysitism</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Summa_Theologica" title="Summa Theologica">Summa Theologica</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, in the singular case of Jesus, the word Christ has a twofold meaning, which stands for "both the Godhead anointing and the manhood anointed". It derives from the twofold human-divine nature of Christ (<a href="/wiki/Dyophysitism" title="Dyophysitism">dyophysitism</a>): the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_man_(Christianity)" title="Son of man (Christianity)">Son of man</a> is anointed in consequence of His incarnated flesh, as well as the Son of God is anointing in consequence of the "<a href="/wiki/Godhead_in_Christianity" title="Godhead in Christianity">Godhead</a> which He has with the Father" (ST III, q. 16, a. 5).<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Symbols" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christogram" title="Christogram">Christogram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xian_(abbreviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian (abbreviation)">Xian (abbreviation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Xmas" title="Xmas">Xmas</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_Labarum2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_Labarum2.svg/125px-Simple_Labarum2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="176"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 125px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_Labarum2.svg/125px-Simple_Labarum2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="125" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_Labarum2.svg/188px-Simple_Labarum2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Simple_Labarum2.svg/250px-Simple_Labarum2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chi Rho</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_Pantocrator,_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Christ_Pantocrator%2C_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.png/125px-Christ_Pantocrator%2C_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 125px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Christ_Pantocrator%2C_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.png/125px-Christ_Pantocrator%2C_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.png" data-alt="" data-width="125" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Christ_Pantocrator%2C_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.png/188px-Christ_Pantocrator%2C_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Christ_Pantocrator%2C_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.png/250px-Christ_Pantocrator%2C_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Christ Pantocrator mosaic, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, showing use of ΧϹ digraph</div></div></div></div></div> The use of "Χ" as an abbreviation for "Christ" derives from the Greek letter <a href="/wiki/Chi_(letter)" title="Chi (letter)">Chi</a> (χ), in the word Christós (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a>Greek: Χριστός). An early Christogram is the <a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chi Rho</a> symbol, formed by superimposing the first two Greek letters in Christ, chi (Χ) and <a href="/wiki/Rho" title="Rho">rho</a> (Ρ), to produce <big>☧</big>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> The centuries-old English word <a href="/wiki/%CE%A7mas" class="mw-redirect" title="Χmas">Χmas</a> (or, in earlier form, XPmas) is an English form of χ-mas,<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> itself an abbreviation for Christ-mas. The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (OED) and the OED Supplement have cited usages of "X-" or "Xp-" for "Christ-" as early as 1485. The terms "Xpian" and "Xren" have been used for "Christian", "Xst" for "Christ's" "Xρofer" for <a href="/wiki/Saint_Christopher" title="Saint Christopher">(Saint) Christopher</a> and Xmas, Xstmas, and Xtmas for Christmas. The OED further cites usage of "Xtianity" for "Christianity" from 1634.<a href="#cite_note-48">[note 2]</a> According to Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, most of the evidence for these words comes from "educated Englishmen who knew their Greek".<a href="#cite_note-mwdeu-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> The December 1957 News and Views published by the <a href="/wiki/Church_League_of_America" title="Church League of America">Church League of America</a>, a conservative organization founded in 1937,<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> attacked the use of "Xmas" in an article titled "X=The Unknown Quantity". <a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Gerald L. K. Smith</a> picked up the statements later, in December 1966, saying that Xmas was a "blasphemous omission of the name of Christ" and that "'X' is referred to as being symbolical of the unknown quantity."<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> More recently, American evangelist <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Graham" title="Franklin Graham">Franklin Graham</a> and former <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> contributor <a href="/wiki/Roland_S._Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Roland S. Martin">Roland S. Martin</a> publicly raised concerns. Graham stated in an interview that the use of "Xmas" is taking "Christ out of Christmas" and called it a "war against the name of Jesus Christ."<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> Roland Martin relates the use of "Xmas" to his growing concerns of increasing commercialization and secularization of what he says is one of Christianity's highest holy days.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">Chrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthys" title="Ichthys">Ichthys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyophysitism" title="Dyophysitism">Dyophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerigma" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerigma">Kerigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_of_Christ" title="Knowledge of Christ">Knowledge of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masih_(title)" title="Masih (title)">Masih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_Quran" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the Quran">Names and titles of Jesus in the Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfection_of_Christ" title="Perfection of Christ">Perfection of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_are_Christ" title="You are Christ">You are Christ</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kraɪst/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KRYST</a>. From <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Christus; from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248666159"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: χριστός, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">translit.</a> khristós, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> "anointed, covered in oil"; a <a href="/wiki/Semantic_loan" title="Semantic loan">semantic loan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Aramaic language">Imperial Aramaic</a>: משיחא, romanized: məšīḥā or <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מָשִׁיחַ, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: māšîaḥ, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> '<a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">messiah</a>'; from <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Aramaic language">Imperial Aramaic</a>: משח, romanized: məšaḥ or <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מָשַׁח, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: māšaḥ, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'to anoint'.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-nfcnqq-4">[4]</a> Alternatively (Messiah or Messias): <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: messias, from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248666159"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: μεσσίας (alternative to χριστός), from the same Semitic word. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Viz." title="Viz.">Viz.</a> 1485 <a href="/wiki/Rolls_of_Parliament" title="Rolls of Parliament">Rolls of Parliament</a> VI.280/I The most famous, beloved, and Xren Prince. 1573 <a href="/wiki/John_Baret" title="John Baret">Baret</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Baret#Dictionary" title="John Baret">Alv.</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_phrases_(S)#sub_verbo" title="List of Latin phrases (S)">s.v.</a> V. "The long mistaking of this woorde Xps standing for Chrs by abbreuiation which fore lacke of knowledge in the greeke they tooke for x, p, and s, and so likewise Xpofer. 1598 <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rowlands" title="Samuel Rowlands">Rowlands</a> Betraying of Christ Hunter, Cl. 25 "Xpian the outward, the inward not at all"; 1634 Documents against <a href="/wiki/William_Prynne" title="William Prynne">Prynne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camden_Society" title="Camden Society">Camden</a>, 33 "Such right...as your Xtianity, place, and function joyntly require." 1697 <a href="/wiki/John_Aubrey" title="John Aubrey">Aubrey</a> <a href="/wiki/Brief_Lives" title="Brief Lives">Lives</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">MS</a> Aubrey 8, <a href="/wiki/Folio" title="Folio">lf.</a> 63) "He was so faire, that they called him the lady of <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Xts college</a>."<a href="#cite_note-oed-x-47">[46]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchönborn1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Sch%C3%B6nborn" title="Christoph Schönborn">Schönborn, Christoph</a> (1994). God's human face: the Christ-icon. Ignatius Press. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870-514-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870-514-2"><bdi>0-89870-514-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+human+face%3A+the+Christ-icon&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-89870-514-2&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6nborn&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaley1986" class="citation book cs1">Galey, John (1986). Sinai and the Monastery of St. Catherine. American University in Cairo Press. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-424-118-5" title="Special:BookSources/977-424-118-5"><bdi>977-424-118-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sinai+and+the+Monastery+of+St.+Catherine&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=977-424-118-5&rft.aulast=Galey&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanzig2000" class="citation book cs1">Zanzig, Thomas (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesusofhistorych03edzanz/page/314">Jesus of history, Christ of faith</a>. Saint Mary's Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jesusofhistorych03edzanz/page/314">314</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88489-530-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88489-530-0"><bdi>0-88489-530-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+of+history%2C+Christ+of+faith&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Saint+Mary%27s+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-88489-530-0&rft.aulast=Zanzig&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjesusofhistorych03edzanz%2Fpage%2F314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nfcnqq-4"><a href="#cite_ref-nfcnqq_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=messiah">"Etymology Online: messiah"</a>. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-82692-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-82692-6"><bdi>0-521-82692-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Jewish-Christian+Relations&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-521-82692-6&rft.aulast=Prager&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zanzig33-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Zanzig33_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanzig2000" class="citation book cs1">Zanzig, Thomas (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2RfVCDLo5RYC&pg=PA33">Jesus of history, Christ of faith</a>. Saint Mary's Press. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88489-530-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88489-530-0"><bdi>0-88489-530-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+of+history%2C+Christ+of+faith&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Saint+Mary%27s+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-88489-530-0&rft.aulast=Zanzig&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2RfVCDLo5RYC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Espin231-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Espin231_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspin2007" class="citation book cs1">Espin, Orlando (2007). n Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies. Liturgical Press. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5856-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5856-7"><bdi>978-0-8146-5856-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=n+Introductory+Dictionary+of+Theology+and+Religious+Studies&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5856-7&rft.aulast=Espin&rft.aufirst=Orlando&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pannenberg-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pannenberg_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pannenberg_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPannenberg1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Pannenberg" title="Wolfhart Pannenberg">Pannenberg, Wolfhart</a> (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zWfvlpURwiIC&pg=PA30">Jesus God and Man</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 30–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-24468-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-24468-8"><bdi>0-664-24468-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+God+and+Man&rft.pages=30-31&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-664-24468-8&rft.aulast=Pannenberg&rft.aufirst=Wolfhart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzWfvlpURwiIC%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorg2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Borg" title="Marcus Borg">Borg, Marcus</a> (August 31, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marcus-borg/a-chronological-new-testament_b_1823018.html">"A Chronological New Testament"</a>. The Huffington Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=A+Chronological+New+Testament&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft.aulast=Borg&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fmarcus-borg%2Fa-chronological-new-testament_b_1823018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/447019/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle">"Saint Paul, the Apostle"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saint+Paul%2C+the+Apostle&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F447019%2FSaint-Paul-the-Apostle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303091/Jesus-Christ">"Jesus Christ"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jesus+Christ&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F303091%2FJesus-Christ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary/matthew-henry-concise/isaiah/53">"Isaiah 53 Bible Commentary - Matthew Henry (concise)"</a>. www.christianity.com. Retrieved November 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.christianity.com&rft.atitle=Isaiah+53+Bible+Commentary+-+Matthew+Henry+%28concise%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianity.com%2Fbible%2Fcommentary%2Fmatthew-henry-concise%2Fisaiah%2F53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lsjchristos-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lsjchristos_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lsjchristos_14-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=xristo/s">χριστός</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bible_Study_Tools-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Bible_Study_Tools_15-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/messiah/">Messiah</a> Retrieved February 4, 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-Miriam-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Miriam_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoniger2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Doniger" title="Wendy Doniger">Doniger, Wendy</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440">Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</a>. Merriam-Webster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/212">212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87779-044-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87779-044-2"><bdi>0-87779-044-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-87779-044-2&rft.aulast=Doniger&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780877790440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bauermessias-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bauermessias_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bauermessias_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauerWalter1957" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bauer, Walter, et al., eds. (1957). "Μεσσίας, ου, ὁ". A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (1 ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82%2C+%CE%BF%CF%85%2C+%E1%BD%81&rft.btitle=A+Greek%E2%80%93English+Lexicon+of+the+New+Testament+and+Other+Early+Christian+Literature&rft.place=Chicago&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Christ" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Christ">"Christ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christ&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DChrist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-CathencChrist-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CathencChrist_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathencChrist_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathencChrist_19-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Origin_of_the_Name_of_Jesus_Christ">"Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+Name+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucg.org/bible-study-tools/booklets/jesus-christ-the-real-story/what-do-messiah-and-jesus-christ-mean">"What Do 'Messiah' and 'Jesus Christ' Mean?. Both Christ and Messiah mean anointed or anointed one"</a>. January 26, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160622131408/https://www.ucg.org/bible-study-tools/booklets/jesus-christ-the-real-story/what-do-messiah-and-jesus-christ-mean">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2018. <q>anointing was a rite of kingship in Syria-Palestine in the fourteenth century BCE.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Do+%27Messiah%27+and+%27Jesus+Christ%27+Mean%3F.+Both+Christ+and+Messiah+mean+anointed+or+anointed+one.&rft.date=2011-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucg.org%2Fbible-study-tools%2Fbooklets%2Fjesus-christ-the-real-story%2Fwhat-do-messiah-and-jesus-christ-mean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/2-Maccabees-Chapter-1_Original-1611-KJV/">"1611 King James Bible, Second Book of Maccabees, chapter 1, verse 10"</a>. kingjamesbibleonline.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kingjamesbibleonline.org&rft.atitle=1611+King+James+Bible%2C+Second+Book+of+Maccabees%2C+chapter+1%2C+verse+10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingjamesbibleonline.org%2F2-Maccabees-Chapter-1_Original-1611-KJV%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.en.katabiblon.com/us/index.php?text=LXX&book=2Mc&ch=1&interlin=on">"Greek Septuagint and Wiki English Translation, Second Book of Maccabees, chapter 1"</a>. katabiblon.com (in English and Greek). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004145007/http://www.en.katabiblon.com/us/index.php?text=LXX&book=2Mc&ch=1&interlin=on">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=katabiblon.com&rft.atitle=Greek+Septuagint+and+Wiki+English+Translation%2C+Second+Book+of+Maccabees%2C+chapter+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.en.katabiblon.com%2Fus%2Findex.php%3Ftext%3DLXX%26book%3D2Mc%26ch%3D1%26interlin%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Ecclesiasticus-Chapter-46_Original-1611-KJV/">"1611 King James Bible, Book of Sirach, chapter 46, verse 19"</a>. kingjamesbibleonline.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kingjamesbibleonline.org&rft.atitle=1611+King+James+Bible%2C+Book+of+Sirach%2C+chapter+46%2C+verse+19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingjamesbibleonline.org%2FEcclesiasticus-Chapter-46_Original-1611-KJV%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.katabiblon.com/us/index.php?text=LXX&book=Sir&ch=46">"Greek Septuagint and Wiki English Translation, Book of Sirach, chapter 46"</a>. katabiblon.com (in English and Greek). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005112315/http://en.katabiblon.com/us/index.php?text=LXX&book=Sir&ch=46">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=katabiblon.com&rft.atitle=Greek+Septuagint+and+Wiki+English+Translation%2C+Book+of+Sirach%2C+chapter+46&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.katabiblon.com%2Fus%2Findex.php%3Ftext%3DLXX%26book%3DSir%26ch%3D46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ekstrand147-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ekstrand147_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ekstrand147_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkstrand2008" class="citation book cs1">Ekstrand, Donald W. (2008). Christianity. Donald Ekstrand. pp. 147–150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60477-929-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60477-929-5"><bdi>978-1-60477-929-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity&rft.pages=147-150&rft.pub=Donald+Ekstrand&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60477-929-5&rft.aulast=Ekstrand&rft.aufirst=Donald+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkstrand2008" class="citation book cs1">Ekstrand, Donald W. (2008). Christianity. Donald Ekstrand. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60477-929-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60477-929-5"><bdi>978-1-60477-929-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianity&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Donald+Ekstrand&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60477-929-5&rft.aulast=Ekstrand&rft.aufirst=Donald+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Matthew 26:63–64. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Luke 22:70. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Mark 14:61–62. </li> <li id="cite_note-CathencMessiah-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CathencMessiah_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathencMessiah_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathencMessiah_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Messiah">"Messiah" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Messiah&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurtado2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hurtado" title="Larry Hurtado">Hurtado, Larry W.</a> (2005). Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3167-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3167-2"><bdi>0-8028-3167-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Jesus+Christ%3A+Devotion+to+Jesus+in+Earliest+Christianity&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8028-3167-2&rft.aulast=Hurtado&rft.aufirst=Larry+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rahner731-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Rahner731_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahner2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Rahner, Karl</a> (2004). Encyclopedia of theology: A concise Sacramentum mundi. pp. 730–739. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86012-006-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-86012-006-6"><bdi>0-86012-006-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+theology%3A+A+concise+Sacramentum+mundi&rft.pages=730-739&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-86012-006-6&rft.aulast=Rahner&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WBarc152-33"><a href="#cite_ref-WBarc152_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarclay2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Barclay_(theologian)" title="William Barclay (theologian)">Barclay, William</a> (2002). The letters to the Galatians and Ephesians. Presbyterian Publishing Corporation. pp. 152–153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22559-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22559-4"><bdi>0-664-22559-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+letters+to+the+Galatians+and+Ephesians&rft.pages=152-153&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-664-22559-4&rft.aulast=Barclay&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014108-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014108_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 108. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014171-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014171_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. 171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Collins20091-3-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Collins20091-3_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Collins2009">O'Collins 2009</a>, p. 1-3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamm199315-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamm199315_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamm1993">Ramm 1993</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirdEvansGathercole2014134,_n.5-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBirdEvansGathercole2014134,_n.5_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBirdEvansGathercole2014">Bird, Evans & Gathercole 2014</a>, p. 134, n.5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014ch.6-9-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEhrman2014ch.6-9_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEhrman2014">Ehrman 2014</a>, p. ch.6-9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1990342-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1990342_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1990342_40-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavis1990">Davis 1990</a>, p. 342. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArmentroutBoak_Slocum200581-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArmentroutBoak_Slocum200581_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFArmentroutBoak_Slocum2005">Armentrout & Boak Slocum 2005</a>, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEspínNickoloff2007217-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsp%C3%ADnNickoloff2007217_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsp%C3%ADnNickoloff2007">Espín & Nickoloff 2007</a>, p. 217. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeversluis200021–22-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeversluis200021%E2%80%9322_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBeversluis2000">Beversluis 2000</a>, p. 21–22. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Aquinas1947" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thomas Aquinas (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dhspriory.org/thomas/summa/TP/TP016.html">English translation of the "Summa Theologica", with Latin text</a> (in Latin and English). Translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. <a href="/wiki/Benziger_Bros" class="mw-redirect" title="Benziger Bros">Benziger Bros</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141021180357/https://dhspriory.org/thomas/summa/TP/TP016.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+translation+of+the+%22Summa+Theologica%22%2C+with+Latin+text&rft.pub=Benziger+Bros&rft.date=1947&rft.au=Thomas+Aquinas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdhspriory.org%2Fthomas%2Fsumma%2FTP%2FTP016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>), with a quotation form the Epistle to Palestinians of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteffler2002" class="citation book cs1">Steffler, Alva William (2002). Symbols of the Christian faith. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4676-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4676-9"><bdi>0-8028-4676-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbols+of+the+Christian+faith&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8028-4676-9&rft.aulast=Steffler&rft.aufirst=Alva+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths2004" class="citation news cs1">Griffiths, Emma (December 22, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4097755.stm">"Why get cross about Xmas?"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved April 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+get+cross+about+Xmas%3F&rft.date=2004-12-22&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F4097755.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-x-47"><a href="#cite_ref-oed-x_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-X" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=X">"X"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=X&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-mwdeu-49"><a href="#cite_ref-mwdeu_49-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2yJusP0vrdgC&pg=PA968&dq=Xmas+usage&ei=zVZWSa6FJY6syASeyKHRAw">"Xmas" article</a>, Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, Merriam-Webster, 1994, p 968, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-132-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-132-4">978-0-87779-132-4</a>, retrieved via Google Books, December 27, 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnerKellerman2009" class="citation book cs1">O'Conner, Patricia T.; Kellerman, Stewart (2009). Origins of the Specious: Myths and Misconceptions of the English Language. New York: Random House. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6660-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6660-5"><bdi>978-1-4000-6660-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+Specious%3A+Myths+and+Misconceptions+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-6660-5&rft.aulast=O%27Conner&rft.aufirst=Patricia+T.&rft.au=Kellerman%2C+Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623054327/http://libweb.uoregon.edu/speccoll/guides/conservative.html">"Subject Guide to Conservative and Libertarian Materials, in Manuscript Collections"</a>. University of Oregon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libweb.uoregon.edu/speccoll/guides/conservative.html">the original</a> on June 23, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subject+Guide+to+Conservative+and+Libertarian+Materials%2C+in+Manuscript+Collections&rft.pub=University+of+Oregon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibweb.uoregon.edu%2Fspeccoll%2Fguides%2Fconservative.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKominsky1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Kominsky" title="Morris Kominsky">Kominsky, Morris</a> (1970). The Hoaxers: Plain Liars, Fancy Liars and Damned Liars. Branden Press. pp. 137–138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8283-1288-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8283-1288-5"><bdi>0-8283-1288-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hoaxers%3A+Plain+Liars%2C+Fancy+Liars+and+Damned+Liars&rft.pages=137-138&rft.pub=Branden+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8283-1288-5&rft.aulast=Kominsky&rft.aufirst=Morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0512/16/ltm.02.html">American Morning: A Conversation With Reverend Franklin Graham</a>, CNN (December 16, 2005). Retrieved on December 29, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Martin, Roland (December 20, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/12/20/roland.martin/index.html">Commentary: You can't take Christ out of Christmas</a>, CNN. Retrieved on December 29, 2009. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 34px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="34" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Christ_(title)" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Christ (title)">Christ (title)</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Christ" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Christ">Christ</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmentroutBoak_Slocum2005" class="citation cs2">Armentrout, Donald S.; Boak Slocum, Robert (2005), An Episcopal dictionary of the church, Church Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89869-211-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89869-211-2"><bdi>978-0-89869-211-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Episcopal+dictionary+of+the+church&rft.pub=Church+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-89869-211-2&rft.aulast=Armentrout&rft.aufirst=Donald+S.&rft.au=Boak+Slocum%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdEvansGathercole2014" class="citation cs2">Bird, Michael F.; Evans, Craig A.; Gathercole, Simon (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JGy2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT134">"Endnotes – Chapter 1"</a>, How God Became Jesus: The Real Origins of Belief in Jesus' Divine Nature – A Response to Bart Ehrman, Zondervan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-51961-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-51961-4"><bdi>978-0-310-51961-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Endnotes+%E2%80%93+Chapter+1&rft.btitle=How+God+Became+Jesus%3A+The+Real+Origins+of+Belief+in+Jesus%27+Divine+Nature+%E2%80%93+A+Response+to+Bart+Ehrman&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-310-51961-4&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rft.au=Evans%2C+Craig+A.&rft.au=Gathercole%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJGy2AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeversluis2000" class="citation cs2">Beversluis, Joel Diederik (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sourcebookofworl00beve">Sourcebook of the world's religions</a>, New World Library, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57731-121-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57731-121-8"><bdi>978-1-57731-121-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sourcebook+of+the+world%27s+religions&rft.pub=New+World+Library&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57731-121-8&rft.aulast=Beversluis&rft.aufirst=Joel+Diederik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsourcebookofworl00beve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCullmann1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Cullmann" title="Oscar Cullmann">Cullmann, Oscar</a> (1959). The Christology of the New Testament. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-24351-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-24351-7"><bdi>978-0-664-24351-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christology+of+the+New+Testament&rft.place=Louisville&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=978-0-664-24351-7&rft.aulast=Cullmann&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1990" class="citation cs2">Davis, Leo Donald (1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstsevenec_davi_1990_000_6702418">The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21)</a>, Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5616-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5616-7"><bdi>978-0-8146-5616-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Seven+Ecumenical+Councils+%28325%E2%80%93787%29%3A+Their+History+and+Theology+%28Theology+and+Life+Series+21%29&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+MN&rft.pub=Michael+Glazier%2FLiturgical+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5616-7&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Leo+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstsevenec_davi_1990_000_6702418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2014" class="citation cs2">Ehrman, Bart (2014), How Jesus became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee, Harper Collins</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Jesus+became+God%3A+The+Exaltation+of+a+Jewish+Preacher+from+Galilee&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspínNickoloff2007" class="citation cs2">Espín, Orlando O.; Nickoloff, James B. (2007), An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies, Liturgical Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5856-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5856-7"><bdi>978-0-8146-5856-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introductory+dictionary+of+theology+and+religious+studies&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5856-7&rft.aulast=Esp%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Orlando+O.&rft.au=Nickoloff%2C+James+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reginald_H._Fuller#The_Foundations_of_New_Testament_Christology_(1965)" title="Reginald H. Fuller">Fuller, Reginald H.</a> (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foundationsofnew00full">The Foundations of New Testament Christology</a>. New York: Scribners. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-15532-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-15532-X"><bdi>0-684-15532-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foundations+of+New+Testament+Christology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scribners&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-684-15532-X&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Reginald+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoundationsofnew00full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2004" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Colin J.D. (2004). Christology in Cultural Perspective: Marking Out the Horizons. Grand Rapids: <a href="/wiki/William_B._Eerdmans_Publishing_Company" title="William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company">Eerdmans Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2792-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2792-6"><bdi>0-8028-2792-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christology+in+Cultural+Perspective%3A+Marking+Out+the+Horizons&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8028-2792-6&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Colin+J.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsbury1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dean_Kingsbury" title="Jack Dean Kingsbury">Kingsbury, Jack Dean</a> (1989). The Christology of Mark's Gospel. Philadelphia: Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-1007-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-1007-5"><bdi>978-1-4514-1007-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christology+of+Mark%27s+Gospel&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-1007-5&rft.aulast=Kingsbury&rft.aufirst=Jack+Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Collins2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_O%27Collins" title="Gerald O'Collins">O'Collins, Gerald</a> (2009). <a href="/wiki/Christology:_A_Biblical,_Historical,_and_Systematic_Study_of_Jesus" title="Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus">Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus</a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955787-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955787-5"><bdi>978-0-19-955787-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christology%3A+A+Biblical%2C+Historical%2C+and+Systematic+Study+of+Jesus&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955787-5&rft.aulast=O%27Collins&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamm1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Ramm" title="Bernard Ramm">Ramm, Bernard L.</a> (1993), "Christology at the Center", An Evangelical Christology: Ecumenic and Historic, Regent College Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781573830089" title="Special:BookSources/9781573830089"><bdi>9781573830089</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christology+at+the+Center&rft.btitle=An+Evangelical+Christology%3A+Ecumenic+and+Historic&rft.pub=Regent+College+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9781573830089&rft.aulast=Ramm&rft.aufirst=Bernard+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeves2015" class="citation book cs1">Reeves, Michael (2015). Rejoicing in Christ. IVP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-4022-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-4022-9"><bdi>978-0-8308-4022-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rejoicing+in+Christ&rft.pub=IVP&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-4022-9&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChrist+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&oldid=1257031346">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&oldid=1257031346</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Christ_(title)&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 12 November 2024, at 21:28 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="مسيح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسيح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_(%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF)" title="খ্রিষ্ট (উপাধি) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খ্রিষ্ট (উপাধি)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-tok" title="Ki-tok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ki-tok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Хрыстос – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хрыстос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist" title="Crist – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Crist" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kristus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist" title="Crist – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Crist" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kristus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist" title="Crist – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Crist" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristo" title="Cristo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristo" title="Kristo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristo" title="Kristo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="مسیح – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسیح" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_(titre)" title="Christ (titre) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christ (titre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristo" title="Cristo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cristo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%8F%84" title="그리스도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리스도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristo" title="Kristo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kristo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristo" title="Kristo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kristo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kristus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christo" title="Christo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Christo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristo" title="Cristo – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cristo" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristur_(titill)" title="Kristur (titill) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kristur (titill)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristo" title="Cristo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kristus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Мәсих – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мәсих" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesu_Kristo." title="Yesu Kristo. – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yesu Kristo." data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Христос – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Христос" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christus" title="Christus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristy" title="Kristy – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kristy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kristus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" title="キリスト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キリスト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristo" title="Cristo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cristo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kristus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristo" title="Cristo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu_Kristu" title="Jesu Kristu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jesu Kristu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Христос – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Христос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishti" title="Krishti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Krishti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christ (title)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus_(titul)" title="Kristus (titul) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kristus (titul)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD" title="مەسیح – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەسیح" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Христос – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Христос" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristos" title="Hristos – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hristos" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus_(arvonimi)" title="Kristus (arvonimi) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kristus (arvonimi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristus" title="Kristus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kristus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="கிறிஸ்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறிஸ்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="พระคริสต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระคริสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Христос – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Христос" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-t%C3%B4" title="Ki-tô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ki-tô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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