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padding: 0; max-width: 131px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GuadPatch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Patch observing the landing of troops and supplies"><img alt="Patch observing the landing of troops and supplies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/GuadPatch.jpg/131px-GuadPatch.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/GuadPatch.jpg/197px-GuadPatch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/GuadPatch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="297"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Patch observing the landing of troops and supplies</div></div> </div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Austen,_the_Galloping_Horse,_and_the_Sea_Horse" title="Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse">Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse</a></b> took place from 15 December 1942 to 23 January 1943 and was primarily an <a href="/wiki/Engagement_(military)" title="Engagement (military)">engagement</a> between United States and <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Imperial Japanese</a> forces in the hills near the <a href="/wiki/Matanikau_River" title="Matanikau River">Matanikau River</a> on <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal" title="Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a>. The U.S. forces were under the overall command of Major General <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Patch" title="Alexander Patch">Alexander Patch</a> <i>(pictured)</i>, and the Japanese under the overall command of Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Harukichi_Hyakutake" title="Harukichi Hyakutake">Harukichi Hyakutake</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. soldiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marines</a>, assisted by native Solomon Islanders, attacked <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> forces defending well-entrenched positions on several hills and ridges. With difficulty the U.S. succeeded in taking Mount Austen, in the process reducing a strongly defended position called the Gifu, as well as the Galloping Horse and the Sea Horse. In the meantime, the Japanese decided to abandon Guadalcanal and withdrew; most of the surviving Japanese troops <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ke" title="Operation Ke">were successfully evacuated</a>. <i>(<b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Austen,_the_Galloping_Horse,_and_the_Sea_Horse" title="Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse">This article</a></b> is part of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics">featured topic</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_topics/Guadalcanal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Featured topics/Guadalcanal Campaign">Guadalcanal Campaign</a></b>.)</i> </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" class="mp-h2">Did you know ...</h2> <div id="mp-dyk" class="mp-contains-float"> <div class="dyk-img" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 142px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Table_Mountain_Beauty_(Aeropetes_tulbaghia)_on_Rochea_(Crassula_coccinea)_flowers_.._(52680900204).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aeropetes tulbaghia, a species in Dirini"><img alt="Aeropetes tulbaghia, a species in Dirini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Table_Mountain_Beauty_%28Aeropetes_tulbaghia%29_on_Rochea_%28Crassula_coccinea%29_flowers_.._%2852680900204%29.jpg/142px-Table_Mountain_Beauty_%28Aeropetes_tulbaghia%29_on_Rochea_%28Crassula_coccinea%29_flowers_.._%2852680900204%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Table_Mountain_Beauty_%28Aeropetes_tulbaghia%29_on_Rochea_%28Crassula_coccinea%29_flowers_.._%2852680900204%29.jpg/213px-Table_Mountain_Beauty_%28Aeropetes_tulbaghia%29_on_Rochea_%28Crassula_coccinea%29_flowers_.._%2852680900204%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Table_Mountain_Beauty_%28Aeropetes_tulbaghia%29_on_Rochea_%28Crassula_coccinea%29_flowers_.._%2852680900204%29.jpg/284px-Table_Mountain_Beauty_%28Aeropetes_tulbaghia%29_on_Rochea_%28Crassula_coccinea%29_flowers_.._%2852680900204%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3747" data-file-height="3648"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;"><i>Aeropetes tulbaghia</i>, a species in Dirini</div></div> </div> <ul><li>... that the relationship between the <b><a href="/wiki/Dirini" title="Dirini">Dirini</a></b> <i>(example pictured)</i> and <a href="/wiki/Manataria_hercyna" title="Manataria hercyna">its closest relative</a> has been described by researchers as "odd"?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhiyun" title="Zhang Zhiyun">Zhang Zhiyun</a></b>, crowned "movie queen" in a newspaper poll in 1926, is reported to have died homeless in Hong Kong?</li> <li>... that a summons to the <b><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Tripoli" title="Council of Tripoli">Council of Tripoli</a></b> was issued in the name of the Church to bypass the issue of whether a king could summon a prince?</li> <li>... that a <b><a href="/wiki/Swim_School" title="Swim School">Swim School</a></b> song described by one reviewer as "a heavy dystopian doom rocker" was originally performed by <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>?</li> <li>... that the Japanese manga series <i><b><a href="/wiki/Mink_(manga)" title="Mink (manga)">Mink</a></b></i> featured futuristic technology even though its creator was unfamiliar with computers?</li> <li>... that the <a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a> homestay where <b><a href="/wiki/Cloak_n_Dagger" title="Cloak n Dagger">a song</a></b> was recorded by <a href="/wiki/Glaive_(musician)" title="Glaive (musician)">Glaive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ericdoa" title="Ericdoa">Ericdoa</a> was dubbed by fans as the "Hyperpop <a href="/wiki/The_Hype_House" title="The Hype House">Hype House</a>"?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Franz_Jonas" title="Franz Jonas">the fourth president of Austria</a></b><span class="nowrap">'s</span> post-secondary instructors included all three of his predecessors?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/The_Catch_II" title="The Catch II">The Catch II</a></b> game had "one of the most amazing finishes in <a href="/wiki/NFL_playoffs" title="NFL playoffs">NFL postseason</a> history", according to the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a>?</li> <li>... that the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Korea" title="Bank of Korea">Bank of Korea</a> asked the makers of <b><a href="/wiki/10_won_bread" title="10 won bread">a cheese-filled waffle</a></b> to change its design?</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist dyk-footer noprint" style="margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Start a new article</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Did_you_know" title="Template talk:Did you know">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-right" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" class="mp-h2">In the news</h2> <div id="mp-itn" class="mp-contains-float"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1053378754">.mw-parser-output .itn-img{float:right;margin-left:0.5em;margin-top:0.2em}</style><div role="figure" class="itn-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 112px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer2018-portraits-kendrick-lamar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kendrick Lamar in 2018"><img alt="Kendrick Lamar in 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pulitzer2018-portraits-kendrick-lamar.jpg/112px-Pulitzer2018-portraits-kendrick-lamar.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pulitzer2018-portraits-kendrick-lamar.jpg/168px-Pulitzer2018-portraits-kendrick-lamar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pulitzer2018-portraits-kendrick-lamar.jpg/224px-Pulitzer2018-portraits-kendrick-lamar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1768"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;">Kendrick Lamar</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Eleven people are killed in <b><a href="/wiki/2025_Risbergska_school_shooting" title="2025 Risbergska school shooting">a mass shooting</a></b> at <a href="/wiki/Campus_Risbergska" title="Campus Risbergska">an adult education centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rebro" title="Örebro">Örebro</a>, Sweden.</li> <li>At <b><a href="/wiki/67th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="67th Annual Grammy Awards">the Grammy Awards</a></b>, "<a href="/wiki/Not_Like_Us" title="Not Like Us">Not Like Us</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Lamar" title="Kendrick Lamar">Kendrick Lamar</a> <i>(pictured)</i> wins <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Record_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Record of the Year">Record of the Year</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_Carter" title="Cowboy Carter">Cowboy Carter</a></i> wins <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Album_of_the_Year" title="Grammy Award for Album of the Year">Album of the Year</a></span>.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Learjet_55" title="Learjet 55">Learjet 55</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Med_Jets_Flight_056" title="Med Jets Flight 056">crashes</a></b> into multiple buildings in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, United States, killing at least 7 people and injuring 24 others.</li> <li>Following the approval of a constitutional reform, <b><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></b> becomes <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">co-president of Nicaragua</a> alongside her husband <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a>.</li></ul> <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Ongoing</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2025)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2025)">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_2025" title="Deaths in 2025">Recent deaths</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lhan_Usmanba%C5%9F" title="İlhan Usmanbaş">İlhan Usmanbaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Boyle" title="Francis Boyle">Francis Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavai_Senathirajah" title="Mavai Senathirajah">Mavai Senathirajah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Wiesel" title="Marion Wiesel">Marion Wiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Dauer" title="Rich Dauer">Rich Dauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Janson_(actor)" title="Horst Janson (actor)">Horst Janson</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist itn-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:In_the_news/Candidates" title="Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" class="mp-h2">On this day</h2> <div id="mp-otd" class="mp-contains-float"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Grenada)" title="Independence Day (Grenada)">Independence Day</a> in <b><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>) </p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 165px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arethuse_vs_Amelia-NAPB05251-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painting by Louis-Philippe Crépin"><img alt="Painting by Louis-Philippe Crépin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Arethuse_vs_Amelia-NAPB05251-b.jpg/165px-Arethuse_vs_Amelia-NAPB05251-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Arethuse_vs_Amelia-NAPB05251-b.jpg/248px-Arethuse_vs_Amelia-NAPB05251-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Arethuse_vs_Amelia-NAPB05251-b.jpg/330px-Arethuse_vs_Amelia-NAPB05251-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="633"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Painting by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Cr%C3%A9pin" title="Louis-Philippe Crépin">Louis-Philippe Crépin</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1365" title="1365">1365</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert,_King_of_Sweden" title="Albert, King of Sweden">Albert, King of Sweden</a>, granted a town <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">charter</a> to <b><a href="/wiki/Ulvila" title="Ulvila">Ulvila</a></b>, the third-oldest city in Finland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>: Two evenly matched <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a>, the French <i><a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Ar%C3%A9thuse_(1812)" title="French frigate Aréthuse (1812)">Aréthuse</a></i> and the British <i><a href="/wiki/HMS_Amelia_(1796)" title="HMS Amelia (1796)">Amelia</a></i>, <b><a href="/wiki/Action_of_7_February_1813" title="Action of 7 February 1813">battled to a stalemate</a></b> <i>(depicted)</i> at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_de_Los" title="Îles de Los">Îles de Los</a> off the Guinean coast.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a> – The trustees of <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> enacted <b><a href="/wiki/Town_of_Seattle_Ordinance_No._5" title="Town of Seattle Ordinance No. 5">an ordinance that expelled Native Americans from the newly incorporated town</a></b>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>: British troops made a third unsuccessful attempt to lift the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ladysmith" title="Siege of Ladysmith">siege of Ladysmith</a> in the <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaal_Krantz" title="Battle of Vaal Krantz">Battle of Vaal Krantz</a></b>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a> – Researchers announced the discovery of the <b><a href="/wiki/Happisburgh_footprints" title="Happisburgh footprints">Happisburgh footprints</a></b> in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>, England, the oldest known <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">hominid</a> footprints outside Africa, at more than 800,000 years old.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alfonsina_Orsini" title="Alfonsina Orsini">Alfonsina Orsini</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1520)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fownes-Luttrell" title="Margaret Fownes-Luttrell">Margaret Fownes-Luttrell</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1726)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Jane_Hall" title="Louisa Jane Hall">Louisa Jane Hall</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1802)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 2001)</li></ul></div> <div style="margin-top:0.5em;"> More anniversaries: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist otd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/February" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/February">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_days_of_the_year" title="List of days of the year">List of days of the year</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-middle" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured list</h2> <div id="mp-tfl" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfl-img" style="float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.4em 0.9em;"><div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 120px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Risch-Daniel-Portrait-2021-03_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel Risch"><img alt="Daniel Risch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Risch-Daniel-Portrait-2021-03_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Risch-Daniel-Portrait-2021-03_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Risch-Daniel-Portrait-2021-03_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Risch-Daniel-Portrait-2021-03_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Risch-Daniel-Portrait-2021-03_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Risch-Daniel-Portrait-2021-03_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="630"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Daniel Risch</div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liechtenstein_general_elections" title="List of Liechtenstein general elections">General elections in Liechtenstein</a></b> have been held since the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/1862_Constitution_of_Liechtenstein" title="1862 Constitution of Liechtenstein">1862 constitution</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Liechtenstein" title="Landtag of Liechtenstein">Landtag of Liechtenstein</a> was established. Political parties did not exist in Liechtenstein until they were formed in 1918. Before the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Liechtenstein" title="Constitution of Liechtenstein">1921 constitution</a>, the head of government was appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">prince of Liechtenstein</a>; elections were thus held only to elect members of the Landtag. Under the current constitution, general elections are held to elect members of the Landtag, who then elect the <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Liechtenstein#Prime_Minister_(1921%E2%80%93present)" title="List of heads of government of Liechtenstein">prime minister of Liechtenstein</a>. Forty-eight general elections have been held in Liechtenstein, <a href="/wiki/2021_Liechtenstein_general_election" title="2021 Liechtenstein general election">most recently in 2021</a>, which resulted in <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Risch" title="Daniel Risch">Daniel Risch</a> <i>(pictured)</i> becoming prime minister. The <a href="/wiki/2025_Liechtenstein_general_election" title="2025 Liechtenstein general election">2025 general election</a> is scheduled to take place on 9 February. (<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liechtenstein_general_elections" title="List of Liechtenstein general elections">Full list...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfl-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Hard_Rock_Performance" title="Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance">Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SacRT_light_rail_stations" title="List of SacRT light rail stations">SacRT light rail stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pilosans" title="List of pilosans">Pilosans</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfl-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_list/February_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured list/February 2025">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_lists" title="Wikipedia:Featured lists">More featured lists</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <div id="mp-lower" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" class="mp-h2">Today's featured picture</h2> <div id="mp-tfp"> <table role="presentation" style="margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; padding:0.9em"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Beatles"><img alt="The Beatles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg/500px-The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg/750px-The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg/1000px-The_Beatles_arrive_at_JFK_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3578" data-file-height="2526"></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 0.9em; text-align:left;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></b> were an English <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> band formed in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in 1960. The core lineup of the band comprised <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cultural_impact_of_the_Beatles" title="Cultural impact of the Beatles">Widely regarded as the most influential band of all time</a>, they were integral to the development of <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">1960s counterculture</a> and the recognition of <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> as an art form. Rooted in <a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">beat</a>, and 1950s <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, their sound incorporated elements of <a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">classical music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">traditional pop</a> in innovative ways. The band also explored music styles ranging from <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Indian music</a> to <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">psychedelia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>. <a href="/wiki/Recording_practices_of_the_Beatles" title="Recording practices of the Beatles">As pioneers in recording</a>, songwriting, and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionized many aspects of the music industry and were often publicized as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements. This photograph shows the Beatles – from left to right, Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Starr – waving to a crowd of fans after arriving at <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a> in New York City on 7 February 1964, at the start of their first visit to the United States. Their visit marked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a>, a cultural phenomenon of the mid-1960s when rock and pop-music acts from the United Kingdom and other aspects of British culture became popular in the United States. The band's widespread popularity and the intense reception that greeted them was termed "<a href="/wiki/Beatlemania" title="Beatlemania">Beatlemania</a>". </p> <p style="text-align:center;"><small>Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>; retouched by <a href="/wiki/User:Yann" title="User:Yann">Yann Forget</a></small></p> <div class="potd-recent" style="text-align:right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-02-06" title="Template:POTD/2025-02-06">Orange-lined triggerfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-02-05" title="Template:POTD/2025-02-05">Sojourner Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-02-04" title="Template:POTD/2025-02-04">Very Large Telescope</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist potd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_of_the_day/Archive" title="Wikipedia:Picture of the day/Archive">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Featured pictures">More featured pictures</a></b></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div id="mp-bottom" class="mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-other" class="mp-h2">Other areas of Wikipedia</h2> <div id="mp-other-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="Wikipedia:Community portal">Community portal</a></b> – The central hub for editors, with resources, links, tasks, and announcements.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump" title="Wikipedia:Village pump">Village pump</a></b> – Forum for discussions about Wikipedia itself, including policies and technical issues.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:News" title="Wikipedia:News">Site news</a></b> – Sources of news about Wikipedia and the broader Wikimedia movement.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></b> – Ask basic questions about using or editing Wikipedia.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></b> – Ask questions about using or editing Wikipedia.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desk</a></b> – Ask research questions about encyclopedic topics.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Content portals</a></b> – A unique way to navigate the encyclopedia.</li></ul> </div> <h2 id="mp-sister" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia's sister projects</h2> <div id="mp-sister-content"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>Wikipedia is written by volunteer editors and hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other volunteer <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/our-work/wikimedia-projects/" class="extiw" title="foundationsite:our-work/wikimedia-projects/">projects</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="c:">Commons</a></span><br>Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/" title="MediaWiki"><img alt="MediaWiki logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/35px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/53px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg/70px-MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"></a></span></div> 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title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="b:">Wikibooks</a></span><br>Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wikidata logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:">Wikidata</a></span><br>Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/" title="Wikinews"><img alt="Wikinews logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></a></span></div> <div><span><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a></span><br>Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/35px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/53px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/70px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="species:">Wikispecies</a></span><br>Directory of species</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Wikiversity"><img alt="Wikiversity logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversity</a></span><br>Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" title="Wikivoyage"><img alt="Wikivoyage logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></a></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="voy:">Wikivoyage</a></span><br>Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><span class="sister-projects-wikt-icon-light"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></a></span></span><span class="sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Wiktionary"><img alt="Wiktionary logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/62px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/82px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350"></a></span></span></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wiktionary</a></span><br>Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-lang" class="mp-h2">Wikipedia languages</h2> <div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997272951">.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-complete{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages ul a{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages>ul{list-style:none;text-align:center;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count-container{width:90%;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding-top:1em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-prettybars{width:100%;height:1px;margin:0.5em 0;background-color:#c8ccd1;flex-shrink:1;align-self:center}.mw-parser-output .wikipedia-languages-count{padding:0 1em;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="wikipedia-languages nourlexpansion"> <p>This Wikipedia is written in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Many <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" class="extiw" title="meta:List of Wikipedias">other Wikipedias are available</a>; some of the largest are listed below. </p> <ul class="plainlinks"> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">1,000,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Arabic (ar:)" lang="ar">العربية</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="German (de:)" lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es">Español</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa">فارسی</span></a>‎</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr">Français</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja">日本語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt">Português</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk">Українська</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh">中文</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">250,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Minnan (nan:)" lang="nan">閩南語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg">Български</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca">Català</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs">Čeština</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da">Dansk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu">Euskara</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he">עברית</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Armenian (hy:)" lang="hy">Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no">Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro">Română</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="en">Simple English</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk">Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr">Srpski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi">Suomi</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Uzbek (uz:)" lang="uz">Oʻzbekcha</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">50,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Asturian (ast:)" lang="ast">Asturianu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Azerbaijani (az:)" lang="az">Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bangla (bn:)" lang="bn">বাংলা</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs">Bosanski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Central Kurdish (ckb:)" lang="ckb">کوردی</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et">Eesti</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el">Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Western Frisian (fy:)" lang="fy">Frysk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Irish (ga:)" lang="ga">Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl">Galego</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr">Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Georgian (ka:)" lang="ka">ქართული</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Kurdish (ku:)" lang="ku">Kurdî</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv">Latviešu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt">Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malayalam (ml:)" lang="ml">മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Macedonian (mk:)" lang="mk">Македонски</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Burmese (my:)" lang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Punjabi (pa:)" lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Albanian (sq:)" lang="sq">Shqip</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl">Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Telugu (te:)" lang="te">తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Urdu (ur:)" lang="ur">اردو</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=1267837350">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=1267837350</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled language-selector button"> <span>Language</span> </a> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="" data-user-gender="" data-timestamp=""> <span>View edit history of this page.</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 January 2025, at 22:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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