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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_and_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formation_and_early_rebellion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_and_early_rebellion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Formation and early rebellion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_and_early_rebellion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resistance_and_retaliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resistance_and_retaliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Resistance and retaliation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resistance_and_retaliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allied_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Allied support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities_increase_(1943–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities_increase_(1943–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Activities increase (1943–1945) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities_increase_(1943–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview_by_post-war_republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_by_post-war_republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Overview by post-war republic </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview_by_post-war_republic-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Overview by post-war republic subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Overview_by_post-war_republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Serbia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Bosnia and Herzegovina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Croatia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partisan_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partisan_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Partisan Navy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partisan_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partisan_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partisan_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Partisan Air Force </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partisan_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Composition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Composition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Bosnia and Herzegovina </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Croatia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Serbia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Slovenia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Casualties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rescue_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rescue_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Rescue operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rescue_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Rescue operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Rescue_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Raid_at_Ožbalt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raid_at_Ožbalt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Raid at Ožbalt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raid_at_Ožbalt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Post-war </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Post-war subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atrocities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atrocities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Atrocities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atrocities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Equipment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Ranks </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ranks subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Officer_ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officer_ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Officer ranks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officer_ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Other ranks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partisan_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partisan_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Partisan legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Partisan_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Partisan legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Partisan_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Political </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Cultural </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Yugoslav Partisans</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" > 41 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joego-Slawiese_Partisane" title="Joego-Slawiese Partisane – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Joego-Slawiese Partisane" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81" title="بارتيزان يوغوسلاف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بارتيزان يوغوسلاف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%96" title="Народна-вызваленчая армія Югаславіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Народна-вызваленчая армія Югаславіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Югославска народна освободителна армия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Югославска народна освободителна армия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dka_vojska_Jugoslavije" title="Narodnooslobodilačka vojska Jugoslavije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Narodnooslobodilačka vojska Jugoslavije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisans_(Iugosl%C3%A0via)" title="Partisans (Iugoslàvia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partisans (Iugoslàvia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugosl%C3%A1v%C5%A1t%C3%AD_partyz%C3%A1ni" title="Jugoslávští partyzáni – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jugoslávští partyzáni" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoslaviske_partisaner" title="Jugoslaviske partisaner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jugoslaviske partisaner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksbefreiungsarmee_(Jugoslawien)" title="Volksbefreiungsarmee (Jugoslawien) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volksbefreiungsarmee (Jugoslawien)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Γιουγκοσλάβοι Παρτιζάνοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιουγκοσλάβοι Παρτιζάνοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisanos_yugoslavos" title="Partisanos yugoslavos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partisanos yugoslavos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoslavaj_Partizanoj" title="Jugoslavaj Partizanoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jugoslavaj Partizanoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="پارتیزان‌های یوگسلاوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پارتیزان‌های یوگسلاوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisans_(Yougoslavie)" title="Partisans (Yougoslavie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Partisans (Yougoslavie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B3%A0%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0%EC%9E%94" title="유고슬라비아 파르티잔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유고슬라비아 파르티잔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dka_vojska_i_partizanski_odredi_Jugoslavije" title="Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisan_Yugoslavia" title="Partisan Yugoslavia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partisan Yugoslavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esercito_Popolare_di_Liberazione_della_Jugoslavia" title="Esercito Popolare di Liberazione della Jugoslavia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esercito Popolare di Liberazione della Jugoslavia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="צבא השחרור העממי של יוגוסלביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צבא השחרור העממי של יוגוסלביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzeti_Felszabad%C3%ADt%C3%B3_Hadsereg_(Jugoszl%C3%A1via)" title="Nemzeti Felszabadító Hadsereg (Jugoszlávia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzeti Felszabadító Hadsereg (Jugoszlávia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Југословенски партизани – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Југословенски партизани" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisan_Yugoslavia" title="Partisan Yugoslavia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Partisan Yugoslavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joegoslavische_partizanen" title="Joegoslavische partizanen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joegoslavische partizanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%81%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3_(%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2)" title="パルチザン (ユーゴスラビア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パルチザン (ユーゴスラビア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisaner_(Jugoslavia)" title="Partisaner (Jugoslavia) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Partisaner (Jugoslavia)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoslaviske_partisanar" title="Jugoslaviske partisanar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jugoslaviske partisanar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodowa_Armia_Wyzwolenia_Jugos%C5%82awii" title="Narodowa Armia Wyzwolenia Jugosławii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Narodowa Armia Wyzwolenia Jugosławii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisans_iugoslavos" title="Partisans iugoslavos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partisans iugoslavos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partizanii_iugoslavi" title="Partizanii iugoslavi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Partizanii iugoslavi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Народно-освободительная армия Югославии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Народно-освободительная армия Югославии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partizan%C3%ABt_Jugosllav%C3%AB" title="Partizanët Jugosllavë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Partizanët Jugosllavë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yugoslav Partisans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoslovanski_partizani" title="Jugoslovanski partizani – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jugoslovanski partizani" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Народноослободилачка војска Југославије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Народноослободилачка војска Југославије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dka_vojska_Jugoslavije" title="Narodnooslobodilačka vojska Jugoslavije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Narodnooslobodilačka vojska Jugoslavije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoslavian_partisaanit" title="Jugoslavian partisaanit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jugoslavian partisaanit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoslaviska_partisaner" title="Jugoslaviska partisaner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jugoslaviska partisaner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;">National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1943%E2%80%931946).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/300px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/400px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the Yugoslav Partisans</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leaders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight: normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Headquarters (Yugoslav Partisans)">Supreme Headquarters</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Arso_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Arso Jovanović">Arso Jovanović</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Velimir_Terzi%C4%87" title="Velimir Terzić">Velimir Terzić</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sreten_%C5%BDujovi%C4%87" title="Sreten Žujović">Sreten Žujović</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kardelj" title="Edvard Kardelj">Edvard Kardelj</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Rankovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Ranković">Aleksandar Ranković</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Lola_Ribar" title="Ivo Lola Ribar">Ivo Lola Ribar</a> († 1943) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Svetozar_Vukmanovi%C4%87" title="Svetozar Vukmanović">Svetozar Vukmanović</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Milovan_%C4%90ilas" class="mw-redirect" title="Milovan Đilas">Milovan Đilas</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Milutinovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Milutinović">Ivan Milutinović</a> († 1944) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Peko_Dap%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Peko Dapčević">Peko Dapčević</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Savo Orović </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Sava_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Sava Kovačević">Sava Kovačević</a> († 1943) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Popovi%C4%87_(diplomat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Popović (diplomat)">Vladimir Popović</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Radivoje Jovanović </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Vlada_Ze%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Vlada Zečević">Vlada Zečević</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Petar_Drap%C5%A1in" title="Petar Drapšin">Petar Drapšin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rade_Hamovi%C4%87" title="Rade Hamović">Rade Hamović</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Vojislav Đokić </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Franc_Lesko%C5%A1ek" title="Franc Leskošek">Franc Leskošek</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Uglješa Danilović </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mihailo_Apostolski" title="Mihailo Apostolski">Mihailo Apostolski</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Nikola Grulović </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Pavle Ilić </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1a_Pijade" title="Moša Pijade">Moša Pijade</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rade_Kon%C4%8Dar" title="Rade Končar">Rade Končar</a> († 1942) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Gojko_Nikoli%C5%A1" title="Gojko Nikoliš">Gojko Nikoliš</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Izidor_Papo" title="Izidor Papo">Izidor Papo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Rukavina" title="Ivan Rukavina">Ivan Rukavina</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Pavle_Savi%C4%87" title="Pavle Savić">Pavle Savić</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Vladimir Smirnov </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ma%C4%8Dek" title="Ivan Maček">Ivan Maček</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates of operation</th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Mobile, attached to the Main Operational Group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active regions</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> Axis-occupied <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> (refugee purposes)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italy</a> (regions of <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, islands of <a href="/wiki/Cres" title="Cres">Cres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lo%C5%A1inj" title="Lošinj">Lošinj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Fiume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zara</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a> (1945; <a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Operation Spring Awakening</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagykanizsa%E2%80%93K%C3%B6rmend_offensive" title="Nagykanizsa–Körmend offensive">Nagykanizsa–Körmend offensive</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> (parts of <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a> in May 1945 only) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">Anti-nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a><a href="#cite_note-Sharon_Fisher_2006,_p._27-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Howard_Jones_1997,_p._67-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dennis_P._Hupchick_2004,_p._374-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-J._Barkley_Rosser_Jr._2004,_p._397-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Chant_1986,_p._109-6">[6]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_liberation_(Marxism)" title="National liberation (Marxism)">National liberation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li><li>Pro-<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a><a href="#cite_note-Proglas-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Novj-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dokument-9">[9]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_-_History_-_World_Wars:_Partisans:_War_in_the_Balkans_1941_-_1945-10">[10]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_federalism#Yugoslavia" title="Ethnic federalism">Yugoslav federalism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">80,000–800,000 (<a href="#Composition">see below</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies of World War II</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Kingdom</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States</li></ul> </div> Former Axis powers: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria_(1908%E2%80%931946)" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)">Bulgaria</a> (1944–45)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> (1944–45)</li></ul> Other Allied factions: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/45px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">National Liberation Movement (Albania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks"><img alt="Chetniks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a> (1941)</li></ul> </div> Other Allied support: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> (1944–45, de jure)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opponents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation"><img alt="Government of National Salvation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_National_Salvation_%28occupied_Yugoslavia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="376" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Nedić's regime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)" title="Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)">Serbian Volunteer Corps</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Serbian_State_Guard.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbian_State_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Serbian_State_Guard.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbian_State_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_Serbian_State_Guard.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbian_State_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_State_Guard" title="Serbian State Guard">Serbian State Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks"><img alt="Chetniks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%C4%87anac_Chetniks" title="Pećanac Chetniks">Pećanac Chetniks</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Slovene_Home_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" title="German-occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a> (1943–44)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Protective_Corps" title="Russian Protective Corps">Russian Protective Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania"><img alt="German occupation of Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Albania_%281943%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a> (1943–44)</li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281905%E2%80%931918%2C_1941%E2%80%931944%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Montenegro</a> (1941–43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)"><img alt="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Albania_%281939%E2%80%931943%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania</a> (1941–43)</li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria_(1908%E2%80%931946)" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)">Bulgaria</a> (1941–44)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281941%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (1941–45)</li></ul> </div> Other Axis collaborators: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks"><img alt="Chetniks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Balli_Kombetar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Balli_Kombetar.png/25px-Balli_Kombetar.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Balli_Kombetar.png/38px-Balli_Kombetar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Balli_Kombetar.png/50px-Balli_Kombetar.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="470" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak_Muslim_militia" title="Sandžak Muslim militia">Sandžak Muslim militia</a></li></ul> </div> Other opponents: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Kingdom of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> (1941–44)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles and wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Montenegro_(1941)" title="Uprising in Montenegro (1941)">Montenegrin uprising</a> <a href="/wiki/Srb_uprising" title="Srb uprising">Srb uprising</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Serbia" title="Battle of Serbia">Battle of Serbia</a> <a href="/wiki/U%C5%BEice_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Užice Republic">Užice Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87_Republic" title="Bihać Republic">Bihać Republic</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neretva" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Neretva">Battle of Neretva</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sutjeska" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sutjeska">Battle of Sutjeska</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozara" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kozara">Battle of Kozara</a> <a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Drvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Raid on Drvar">Raid on Drvar</a> <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Battle of Belgrade</a> <a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a> <a href="/wiki/Trieste_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Trieste operation">Trieste operation</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Od%C5%BEak" title="Battle of Odžak">Battle of Odžak</a> (most notable)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint">Succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Yugoslav Partisans,<a href="#cite_note-11">[note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-curtis-12">[11]</a> officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia<a href="#cite_note-13">[note 2]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> (often shortened as the National Liberation Army<a href="#cite_note-15">[note 3]</a>) was the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">communist</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascist</a> resistance to the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> (chiefly <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied Yugoslavia">occupied Yugoslavia</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Led by <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Dennison_I._Rusinow_1978,_p._2-16">[13]</a> the Partisans are considered to be Europe's most effective anti-<a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> <a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">resistance movement</a> during World War II.<a href="#cite_note-JJR2013_OxfordPress-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-AS_2005-18">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> Primarily a <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla force</a> at its inception, the Partisans developed into a large fighting force engaging in <a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">conventional warfare</a> later in the war, numbering around 650,000 in late 1944 and organized in four <a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">field armies</a> and 52 <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a>. The main stated objectives of the Partisans were the liberation of Yugoslav lands from occupying forces and the creation of a federal, multi-ethnic socialist state in Yugoslavia. The Partisans were organized on the initiative of Tito following the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Axis invasion of Yugoslavia</a> in April 1941, and began an active guerrilla campaign against occupying forces after <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Germany invaded the Soviet Union</a> in June. A <a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">large-scale uprising</a> was launched in July, later joined by <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>; this led to the creation of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_U%C5%BEice" title="Republic of Užice">Republic of Užice</a>. The Axis mounted a <a href="/wiki/Seven_Enemy_Offensives" title="Seven Enemy Offensives">series of offensives</a> in response but failed to completely destroy the highly mobile Partisans and their leadership. By late 1943, the Allies had shifted their support from Mihailović to Tito as the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident, and the Partisans received official recognition at the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a>. In Autumn 1944, the Partisans and the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> liberated <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade Offensive</a>. By the end of the war, the Partisans had gained control of the entire country as well as <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a>. After the war, the Partisans were reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">regular armed force</a> of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objectives">Objectives</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Objectives">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zgrabimo_oru%C5%BEje_svi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Zgrabimo_oru%C5%BEje_svi.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="275" /></a><figcaption>To arms, everyone!, a Partisan propaganda poster</figcaption></figure> One of two objectives of the movement, which was the military arm of the <a href="/wiki/Unitary_National_Liberation_Front" title="Unitary National Liberation Front">Unitary National Liberation Front</a> (UNOF) coalition, led by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> (KPJ)<a href="#cite_note-Sharon_Fisher_2006,_p._27-2">[2]</a> and represented by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia">Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia</a> (AVNOJ), the Yugoslav wartime <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">deliberative assembly</a>, was to fight the occupying forces. Until British supplies began to arrive in appreciable quantities in 1944, the occupiers were the only source of arms.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_1_2htm_1.2_Contact]-21">[18]</a> The other objective was to create a federal multi-ethnic <a href="/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state">communist state</a> in Yugoslavia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200196-22">[19]</a> To this end, the KPJ attempted to appeal to all the various ethnic groups within Yugoslavia, by preserving the rights of each group. The objectives of the rival resistance movement, the <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>, were the retention of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87" title="House of Karađorđević">Yugoslav monarchy</a>, ensuring the safety of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Serb" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb">Serb</a> populations,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197530–31-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197348-24">[21]</a> and the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975166–178-25">[22]</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> of non-Serbs from territories they considered rightfully and historically Serbian.<a href="#cite_note-Banac_1996_p143-26">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHirsch200276-27">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulaj200871-28">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelikonja2003166-29">[26]</a> Relations between the two movements were uneasy from the start, but from October 1941 they degenerated into full-scale conflict. To the Chetniks, Tito's pan-ethnic policies seemed anti-Serbian, whereas the Chetniks' <a href="/wiki/Royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalism">royalism</a> was anathema to the communists.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_-_History_-_World_Wars:_Partisans:_War_in_the_Balkans_1941_-_1945-10">[10]</a> In the early part of the war Partisan forces were predominantly composed of Serbs. In that period names of Muslim and Croat commanders of Partisan forces had to be changed to protect them from their predominantly Serb colleagues.<a href="#cite_note-Pinson1996-30">[27]</a> After the German retreat forced by the Soviet-Bulgarian offensive in Serbia, North Macedonia, and Kosovo in the autumn of 1944, the conscription of Serbs, Macedonians, and Kosovar Albanians increased significantly. By late 1944, the total forces of the Partisans numbered 650,000 men and women organized in four <a href="/wiki/Field_army" title="Field army">field armies</a> and 52 <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a>, which engaged in <a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">conventional warfare</a>.<a href="#cite_note-perica-31">[28]</a> By April 1945, the Partisans numbered over 800,000. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> The movement was consistently referred to as the "Partisans" throughout the war. However, due to frequent changes in size and structural reorganizations, the Partisans throughout their history held four full official names (translated here from <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> to English): <ul><li>National Liberation Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia<a href="#cite_note-32">[note 4]</a> (June 1941 – January 1942)</li> <li>National Liberation Partisan and Volunteer Army of Yugoslavia<a href="#cite_note-33">[note 5]</a> (January – November 1942)</li> <li>National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (November 1942 – February 1945). Increasingly from November 1942, the Partisan military as a whole was often referred to simply as the National Liberation Army (Narodnooslobodilačka vojska, NOV), whereas the term "Partisans" acquired a wider sense in referring to the entire resistance faction (including, for example, the <a href="/wiki/AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AVNOJ">AVNOJ</a>).</li> <li>Yugoslav Army<a href="#cite_note-34">[note 6]</a> – on 1 March 1945, the National Liberation Army was transformed into the regular armed forces of Yugoslavia and renamed accordingly.</li></ul> The movement was originally named National Liberation Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (Narodnooslobodilački partizanski odredi Jugoslavije, NOPOJ) and held that name from June 1941 to January 1942. Because of this, their short name became simply the "Partisans" (capitalized), and stuck henceforward (the adjective "Yugoslav" is used sometimes in exclusively non-<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> sources to distinguish them from other <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisan</a> movements). Between January 1942 and November 1942, the movement's full official name was briefly National Liberation Partisan and Volunteer Army of Yugoslavia (Narodnooslobodilačka partizanska i dobrovoljačka vojska Jugoslavije, NOP i DVJ). The changes were meant to reflect the movement's character as a "volunteer army". In November 1942, the movement was renamed into the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije, NOV i POJ), a name which it held until the end of the war. This last official name is the full name most associated with the Partisans, and reflects the fact that the proletarian brigades and other mobile units were organized into the National Liberation Army (Narodnooslobodilačka vojska). The name change also reflects the fact that the latter superseded in importance the partisan detachments themselves. Shortly before the end of the war, in March 1945, all resistance forces were reorganized into the regular armed force of Yugoslavia and renamed Yugoslav Army. It would keep this name until 1951, when it was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_origins">Background and origins</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background and origins">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stjepan_Stevo_Filipovi%C4%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Stjepan_Stevo_Filipovi%C4%87.jpg/220px-Stjepan_Stevo_Filipovi%C4%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Stjepan_Stevo_Filipovi%C4%87.jpg/330px-Stjepan_Stevo_Filipovi%C4%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Stjepan_Stevo_Filipovi%C4%87.jpg/440px-Stjepan_Stevo_Filipovi%C4%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1897" /></a><figcaption>Partisan fighter <a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Filipovi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Filipović">Stjepan Filipović</a> shouting "<a href="/wiki/Death_to_fascism,_freedom_to_the_people" title="Death to fascism, freedom to the people">Death to fascism, freedom to the people</a>!" seconds before his execution by a <a href="/wiki/Serbian_State_Guard" title="Serbian State Guard">Serbian State Guard</a> unit in <a href="/wiki/Valjevo" title="Valjevo">Valjevo</a>, occupied <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. These words became the Partisan slogan afterwards.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></div> On 6 April 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> was <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invaded</a> from all sides by the Axis powers, primarily by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> forces, but also including Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian formations. During the invasion, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">Belgrade was bombed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>. The invasion lasted little more than ten days, ending with the unconditional surrender of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a> on 17 April. Besides being hopelessly ill-equipped when compared to the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>, the Army attempted to defend all borders but only managed to thinly spread the limited resources available.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197564–70-35">[29]</a> The terms of the capitulation were extremely severe, as the Axis proceeded to dismember Yugoslavia. Germany occupied the northern part of <a href="/wiki/Drava_Banovina" title="Drava Banovina">Drava Banovina</a> (roughly modern-day <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>),<a href="#cite_note-britannica2-36">[30]</a> while maintaining <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_territory_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="German-occupied territory of Serbia">direct military occupation of a rump Serbian territory</a> with a puppet government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKroenerMüllerUmbreit200094-37">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200178-38">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (NDH) was established under German direction, which extended over much of the territory of today's <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and as well contained all the area of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a> region of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. Mussolini's <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Italy</a> occupied the remainder of Drava Banovina (annexed and renamed as the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana" title="Province of Ljubljana">Province of Lubiana</a>), much of <a href="/wiki/Zeta_Banovina" title="Zeta Banovina">Zeta Banovina</a> and large chunks of the coastal <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> region (along with nearly all its <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> islands). It also gained control over the newly created <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Italian governorate of Montenegro</a>, and was granted the kingship in the Independent State of Croatia, though wielding little real power within it. <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(Regency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (Regency)">Hungary</a> dispatched the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Third_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Third Army">Hungarian Third Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_occupation_of_Yugoslav_territories" title="Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories">occupied and annexed the Yugoslav regions of Baranja, Bačka, Međimurje and Prekmurje</a>. <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a>, meanwhile, annexed nearly all of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a>, and small areas of eastern Serbia and Kosovo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200161–63-39">[33]</a> The dissolution of Yugoslavia, the creation of the NDH, Italian governorate of Montenegro and <a href="/wiki/Nedic%27s_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedic's Serbia">Nedic's Serbia</a> and the annexations of Yugoslav territory by the various Axis countries were incompatible with international law in force at that time.<a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg/170px-Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg/255px-Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg/340px-Josip_Broz_Tito_Biha%C4%87_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> in <a href="/wiki/Biha%C4%87" title="Bihać">Bihać</a>, 1942</figcaption></figure> The occupying forces instituted such severe burdens on the local populace that the Partisans came not only to enjoy widespread support but for many were the only option for survival. Early in the occupation, German forces would hang or shoot indiscriminately, including women, children and the elderly, up to 100 local inhabitants for every one German soldier killed.<a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> While these measures for suppressing communist-led resistance were issued in all German-occupied territory, they were only strictly enforced in Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200169-42">[36]</a> Two of the most significant atrocities by the German forces were the <a href="/wiki/Kraljevo_massacre" title="Kraljevo massacre">massacre of 2,000 civilians in Kraljevo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac_massacre" title="Kragujevac massacre">3,000 in Kragujevac</a>. The formula of 100 hostages shot for every German soldier killed and 50 hostages shot for every wounded German soldier was cut in one-half in February 1943 and removed altogether in the fall of that same year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200169-42">[36]</a> Furthermore, Yugoslavia experienced a breakdown of law and order, with collaborationist militias roaming the countryside terrorizing the population. The government of the puppet Independent State of Croatia found itself unable to control its territory in the early stages of the occupation, resulting in a severe crackdown by the <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustaše militia">Ustaše militias</a> and the German army.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Amid the relative chaos that ensued, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> moved to organize and unite anti-fascist factions and political forces into a nationwide uprising. The party, led by <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>, was banned after its significant success in the post-World War I Yugoslav elections and operated underground since. Tito, however, could not act openly without the backing of the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a>, and as the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop pact</a> was still in force, he was compelled to wait.<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation_and_early_rebellion">Formation and early rebellion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Formation and early rebellion">edit</a>]</div> During the April invasion of Yugoslavia, the leadership of the Communist Party was in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, together with Josip Broz Tito. After a month, they left for <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>. While the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> between Germany and the Soviet Union was in effect, the communists refrained from open conflict with the new regime of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>. In these first two months of occupation, they extended their underground network and began amassing weapons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999140-46">[40]</a> In early May 1941, a so-called <a href="/wiki/May_consultations" title="May consultations">May consultations</a> of Communist Party officials from across the country, who sought to organize the resistance against the occupiers, was held in Zagreb. In June 1941, a meeting of the Central Committee of KPJ was also held, at which it was decided to start preparations for the uprising.<a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, began on 22 June 1941.<a href="#cite_note-higgins-48">[42]</a> The extent of support for the Partisan movement varied according to region and nationality, reflecting the existential concerns of the local population and authorities. The first Partisan uprising occurred in Croatia on 22 June 1941, when forty Croatian communists staged an uprising in the Brezovica woods between Sisak and Zagreb, forming the <a href="/wiki/1st_Sisak_Partisan_Detachment" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Sisak Partisan Detachment">1st Sisak Partisan Detachment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cohen94-49">[43]</a> The first uprising led by Tito occurred two weeks later, in Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-cohen94-49">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> formally decided to launch an armed uprising on 4 July, a date which was later marked as <a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_borca" class="extiw" title="sh:Dan borca">Fighter's Day</a> – a public holiday in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a>. One <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDikica_Jovanovi%C4%87_%C5%A0panac" title="Žikica Jovanović Španac">Žikica Jovanović Španac</a> shot the first bullet of the campaign on 7 July in the <a href="/wiki/Bela_Crkva_incident" title="Bela Crkva incident">Bela Crkva incident</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Partisan_youth_execution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Partisan_youth_execution.jpg/220px-Partisan_youth_execution.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Partisan_youth_execution.jpg/330px-Partisan_youth_execution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Partisan_youth_execution.jpg/440px-Partisan_youth_execution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="952" /></a><figcaption>Sixteen blindfolded Partisan youth await execution by German forces in <a href="/wiki/Smederevska_Palanka" title="Smederevska Palanka">Smederevska Palanka</a>, 20 August 1941</figcaption></figure> The first Zagreb-<a href="/wiki/Sesvete" title="Sesvete">Sesvete</a> partisan group was formed in <a href="/wiki/Dubrava,_Zagreb" title="Dubrava, Zagreb">Dubrava</a> in July 1941. In August 1941, 7 Partisan Detachments were formed in <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> with the role of spreading the uprising. On 26 August 1941, 21 members of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Split_Partisan_Detachment" title="1st Split Partisan Detachment">1st Split Partisan Detachment</a> were executed by firing squad after being captured by Italian and Ustaše forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovačVojnović1976367–372-50">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKvesić1960135–145-51">[45]</a> A number of other partisan units were formed in the summer of 1941, including in <a href="/wiki/Moslavina" title="Moslavina">Moslavina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalnik,_Koprivnica-Kri%C5%BEevci_County" title="Kalnik, Koprivnica-Križevci County">Kalnik</a>. An uprising occurred in Serbia during the summer, led by Tito, when the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_U%C5%BEice" title="Republic of Užice">Republic of Užice</a> was created, but it was defeated by the Axis forces by December 1941, and support for the Partisans in Serbia thereafter dropped. It was a different story for Serbs in Axis occupied Croatia who turned to the multi-ethnic Partisans, or the Serb royalist Chetniks.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen_95-52">[46]</a> The journalist <a href="/wiki/Tim_Judah" title="Tim Judah">Tim Judah</a> notes that in the early stage of the war the initial preponderance of Serbs in the Partisans meant in effect a Serbian civil war had broken out.<a href="#cite_note-53">[47]</a> A similar civil war existed within the Croatian national corpus with the competing national narratives provided by the Ustaše and Partisans. In the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the cause of Serb rebellion was the Ustaše policy of <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">genocide, deportations, forced conversions and mass killings of Serbs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001506-54">[48]</a> as was the case elsewhere in the NDH.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001412-55">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alonso&Kramer-56">[50]</a> Resistance to communist leadership of the anti-Ustasha rebellion among the Serbs from Bosnia also developed in the form of the Chetnik movement and autonomous bands which were under command of Dragoljub Mihailović.<a href="#cite_note-57">[51]</a> Whereas the Partisans under Serb leadership were open to members of various nationalities, those in the Chetniks were hostile to Muslims and exclusively Serbian. The uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina started by Serbs in many places were acts of retaliation against the Muslims, with thousands of them killed.<a href="#cite_note-58">[52]</a> A rebellion began in <a href="/wiki/June_1941_uprising_in_eastern_Herzegovina" title="June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina">June 1941 in Herzegovina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Alonso&Kramer-56">[50]</a> On 27 July 1941, a Partisan-led uprising began in the area of <a href="/wiki/Drvar" title="Drvar">Drvar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bosansko_Grahovo" title="Bosansko Grahovo">Bosansko Grahovo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001506-54">[48]</a> It was a coordinated effort from both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Una_(Sava)" title="Una (Sava)">Una River</a> in the territory of southeastern <a href="/wiki/Lika" title="Lika">Lika</a> and southwestern Bosanska, and succeeded in transferring key NDH territory under rebel control.<a href="#cite_note-Goldstein-59">[53]</a> On 10 August in Stanulović, a mountain village, the Partisans formed the Kopaonik Partisan Detachment Headquarters. The area they controlled, consisting of nearby villages, was called the "Miners Republic" and lasted 42 days. The resistance fighters formally joined the ranks of the Partisans later on. At the September 1941 <a href="/wiki/Stolice_conference" title="Stolice conference">Stolice conference</a>, the unified name partisans and the <a href="/wiki/Red_star" title="Red star">red star</a> as an identification symbol were adopted for all fighters led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. In 1941, Partisan forces in Serbia and Montenegro had around 55,000 fighters, but only 4,500 succeeded to escape to Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-Ramet2006-60">[54]</a> On 21 December 1941 they formed the <a href="/wiki/1st_Proletarian_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Proletarian Brigade">1st Proletarian Assault Brigade</a> (1. Proleterska Udarna Brigada) – the first regular Partisan military unit, capable of operating outside its local area. In 1942 Partisan detachments officially merged into the People's Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia (NOV i POJ) with an estimated 236,000 soldiers in December 1942.<a href="#cite_note-time-61">[55]</a> Partisan numbers from Serbia would be diminished until 1943 when the Partisan movement gained upswing by spreading the fight against the axis.<a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a> Increase of number of Partisans in Serbia, similarly to other republics, came partly in response to Tito's offer of amnesty to all collaborators on 17 August 1944. At that point tens of thousands of Chetniks switched sides to the Partisans.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The amnesty would be offered again after German withdrawal from Belgrade on 21 November 1944 and on 15 January 1945.<a href="#cite_note-63">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg/220px-Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg/330px-Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg/440px-Jugoslavija_i_Evropa_maj_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="983" /></a><figcaption>Territory under control of the Communist Party in Yugoslavia (Liberated Territory), May 1943</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">By the middle of 1943 partisan resistance to the Germans and their allies had grown from the dimensions of a mere nuisance to those of a major factor in the general situation. In many parts of occupied Europe the enemy was suffering losses at the hands of partisans that he could ill afford. Nowhere were these losses heavier than in Yugoslavia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_1_0htm_1.0_Introduction]-64">[58]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Basil_Davidson" title="Basil Davidson">Basil Davidson</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resistance_and_retaliation">Resistance and retaliation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Resistance and retaliation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Seven_anti-Partisan_offensives" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven anti-Partisan offensives">Seven anti-Partisan offensives</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv/220px--March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="235" data-mwtitle="March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv/March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv/March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv/March_of_Time_-_Yugoslav_Partisans.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video><figcaption>Yugoslav Partisans engaging in various activities</figcaption></figure> The Partisans staged a <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> campaign which enjoyed gradually increased levels of success and support of the general populace, and succeeded in controlling large chunks of Yugoslav territory. These were managed via the "People's committees", organized to act as civilian governments in areas of the country controlled by the communists, even limited arms industries were set up. At the very beginning, Partisan forces were relatively small, poorly armed and without any infrastructure. They had two major advantages over other military and paramilitary formations in former Yugoslavia: <ol><li>A small but valuable cadre of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_volunteers_in_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War">Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War</a> who, unlike anyone else at the time, had experience with modern war fought in circumstances quite similar to those of World War II Yugoslavia</li> <li>They were founded on ideology rather than <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, which meant the Partisans could expect at least some levels of support in any corner of the country, unlike other paramilitary formations whose support was limited to territories with Croat or Serb majorities. This allowed their units to be more mobile and fill their ranks with a larger pool of potential recruits.</li></ol> Occupying and <a href="/wiki/Quisling" title="Quisling">quisling</a> forces, however, were quite aware of the Partisan threat, and attempted to destroy the resistance in what Yugoslav historiographers defined as seven major enemy offensives. These are: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/First_Enemy_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="First Enemy Offensive">First Enemy Offensive</a>, the attack conducted by the Axis in autumn of 1941 against the "<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_U%C5%BEice" title="Republic of Užice">Republic of Užice</a>", a liberated territory the Partisans established in western <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. In November 1941, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> troops attacked and reoccupied this territory, with the majority of Partisan forces escaping towards <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197337-65">[59]</a> It was during this offensive that tenuous collaboration between the Partisans and the royalist <a href="/wiki/Chetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetnik">Chetnik</a> movement broke down and turned into open hostility.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975151–155-66">[60]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Enemy_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Enemy Offensive">Second Enemy Offensive</a>, the coordinated Axis attack conducted in January 1942 against Partisan forces in eastern <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a>. The Partisan troops once again avoided encirclement and were forced to retreat over <a href="/wiki/Igman" title="Igman">Igman</a> mountain near <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197355-67">[61]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio">Third Enemy Offensive</a>, an offensive against Partisan forces in eastern Bosnia, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak" title="Sandžak">Sandžak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a> which took place in the spring of 1942. It was known as Operation TRIO by the Germans, and again ended with a timely Partisan escape.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197356–57-68">[62]</a> This attack is mistakenly identified by some sources as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozara" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kozara">Battle of Kozara</a>, which took place in the summer of 1942.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Enemy_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Enemy Offensive">Fourth Enemy Offensive</a>, against "<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Biha%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Bihać">Republic of Bihać</a>", also known as the Battle of the Neretva or Fall Weiss (Case White), a conflict spanning the area between western <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a>, and culminating in the Partisan retreat over the <a href="/wiki/Neretva" title="Neretva">Neretva</a> river. It took place from January to April 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1973100–103-69">[63]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Enemy_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Enemy Offensive">Fifth Enemy Offensive</a>, also known as the Battle of the Sutjeska or Fall Schwarz (Case Black). The operation immediately followed the Fourth Offensive and included a complete encirclement of Partisan forces in southeastern Bosnia and northern Montenegro in May and June 1943.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Enemy_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth Enemy Offensive">Sixth Enemy Offensive</a>, a series of operations undertaken by the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitulation of Italy">capitulation of Italy</a> in an attempt to secure the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> coast. It took place in late 1943 and early 1944.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Enemy_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Enemy Offensive">Seventh Enemy Offensive</a>, the final attack in western Bosnia in the second quarter of 1944, which included Operation Rösselsprung (Knight's Leap), an unsuccessful attempt to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Tito</a> and annihilate the leadership of the Partisan movement.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">It was the nature of partisan resistance that operations against it must either eliminate it altogether or leave it potentially stronger than before. This had been shown by the sequel to each of the previous five offensives from which, one after another, the partisan brigades and divisions had emerged stronger in experience and armament than they had been before, with the backing of a population which had come to see no alternative to resistance but death, imprisonment, or starvation. There could be no half-measures; the Germans left nothing behind them but a trail of ruin. What in other circumstances might possibly have remained the purely ideological war that reactionaries abroad said it was (and German propaganda did their utmost to support them) became a war for national preservation. So clear was this that no room was left for provincialism; Serbs and Croats and Slovenes, Macedonians, Bosnians, Christian and Moslem, Orthodox and Catholic, sank their differences in the sheer desperation of striving to remain alive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_2_8htm_2.8_The_Sixth_Offensive]-70">[64]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Basil_Davidson" title="Basil Davidson">Basil Davidson</a></cite></div></blockquote> Partisans operated as a regular army that remained highly mobile across occupied Yugoslavia. Partisan units engaged in overt acts of resistance which led to significant reprisals against civilians by Axis forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1946174-71">[65]</a> The killing of civilians discouraged the Chetniks from carrying out overt resistance, however the Partisans were not fazed and continued overt resistance which disrupted Axis forces, but led to significant civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1946175-72">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_support">Allied support</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Allied support">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Allies" title="Yugoslavia and the Allies">Yugoslavia and the Allies</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:148_Squadron_Halifax_Italy_WWII_IWM_CNA_3231.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/148_Squadron_Halifax_Italy_WWII_IWM_CNA_3231.jpg/220px-148_Squadron_Halifax_Italy_WWII_IWM_CNA_3231.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/148_Squadron_Halifax_Italy_WWII_IWM_CNA_3231.jpg/330px-148_Squadron_Halifax_Italy_WWII_IWM_CNA_3231.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/148_Squadron_Halifax_Italy_WWII_IWM_CNA_3231.jpg/440px-148_Squadron_Halifax_Italy_WWII_IWM_CNA_3231.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>A Royal Air Force <a href="/wiki/Halifax_bomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax bomber">Halifax bomber</a> of <a href="/wiki/No._148_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 148 Squadron RAF">148 Squadron</a>, loaded with parachute canisters containing supplies for the Yugoslav Partisans (1944–1945)</figcaption></figure> Later in the conflict the Partisans were able to win the moral, as well as limited material support of the western <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>, who until then had supported General <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a>'s Chetnik Forces, but were finally convinced of their collaboration fighting by many military missions dispatched to both sides during the course of the war.<a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a> To gather <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">intelligence</a>, agents of the western Allies were infiltrated into both the Partisans and the Chetniks. The intelligence gathered by liaisons to the resistance groups was crucial to the success of supply missions and was the primary influence on Allied strategy in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. The search for intelligence ultimately resulted in the demise of the <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a> and their eclipse by Tito's Partisans. In 1942, although supplies were limited, token support was sent equally to each. The new year would bring a change. The Germans were executing <a href="/wiki/Operation_Schwarz" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Schwarz">Operation Schwarz</a> (the Fifth anti-Partisan offensive), one of a series of offensives aimed at the resistance fighters, when <a href="/wiki/William_Deakin" title="William Deakin">F.W.D. Deakin</a> was sent by the British to gather information.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On April 13, 1941, Winston Churchill sent his greetings to the Yugoslav people. In his greeting he stated: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"> You are making a heroic resistance against formidable odds and in doing so you are proving true to your great traditions. Serbs, we know you. You were our allies in the last war and your armies are covered with glory. Croats and Slovenes, we know your military history. For centuries you were the bulwark of Christianity. Your fame as warriors spread far and wide on the Continent. One of the finest incidents in the history of Croatia is the one when, in the 16th Century, long before the French Revolution, the peasants rose to defend the rights of man, and fought for those principles which centuries later gave the world democracy. Yugoslavs, you are fighting for those principles today. The British Empire is fighting with you, and behind us is the great democracy of the U.S.A., with its vast and ever-increasing resources. However hard the fight, our victory is assured.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_2_8htm_2.8_The_Sixth_Offensive]-70">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></cite></div></blockquote> His reports contained two important observations. The first was that the Partisans were courageous and aggressive in battling the German <a href="/wiki/1st_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">1st Mountain</a> and 104th Light Division, had suffered significant casualties, and required support. The second observation was that the entire German 1st Mountain Division had traveled from Russia by railway through Chetnik-controlled territory. British intercepts (ULTRA) of German message traffic confirmed Chetnik timidity. All in all, intelligence reports resulted in increased Allied interest in Yugoslavia air operations and shifted policy. In September 1943, at Churchill's request, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Fitzroy_Maclean,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet">Fitzroy Maclean</a> was parachuted to Tito's headquarters near Drvar to serve as a permanent, formal liaison to the Partisans. While the Chetniks were still occasionally supplied, the Partisans received the bulk of all future support.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin194634-75">[69]</a> Thus, after the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> the Partisans received official recognition as the legitimate national liberation force by the Allies, who subsequently set up the <a href="/wiki/RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF">RAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Air_Force" title="Balkan Air Force">Balkan Air Force</a> (under the influence and suggestion of Brigadier-General Fitzroy Maclean) with the aim to provide increased supplies and tactical air support for Marshal Tito's Partisan forces. During a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Combined_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Combined Chiefs of Staff">Combined Chiefs of Staff</a> of 24 November 1943, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> pointed out that:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">It was a lamentable fact that virtually no supplies had been conveyed by sea to the 222,000 followers of Tito. ... These stalwarts were holding as many Germans in Yugoslavia as the combined Anglo-American forces were holding in Italy south of Rome. The Germans had been thrown into some confusion after the collapse of Italy and the Patriots had gained control of large stretches of the coast. We had not, however, seized the opportunity. The Germans had recovered and were driving the Partisans out bit by bit. The main reason for this was the artificial line of responsibility which ran through the Balkans. (... ) Considering that the Partisans had given us such a generous measure of assistance at almost no cost to ourselves, it was of high importance to ensure that their resistance was maintained and not allowed to flag. <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Winston Churchill, 24 November 1943<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities_increase_(1943–1945)">Activities increase (1943–1945)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Activities increase (1943–1945)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mlada_partizanka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mlada_partizanka.jpg/220px-Mlada_partizanka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mlada_partizanka.jpg/330px-Mlada_partizanka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mlada_partizanka.jpg/440px-Mlada_partizanka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>A Partisan woman fighter in occupied Yugoslavia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Partisans_in_liberated_Novi_Sad_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Partisans_in_liberated_Novi_Sad_1944.jpg/220px-Partisans_in_liberated_Novi_Sad_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Partisans_in_liberated_Novi_Sad_1944.jpg/330px-Partisans_in_liberated_Novi_Sad_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Partisans_in_liberated_Novi_Sad_1944.jpg/440px-Partisans_in_liberated_Novi_Sad_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1927" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>7th Vojvodina Brigade entering liberated <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, 1944</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">The partisan army had long since grown into a regular fighting formation comparable to the armies of other small States, and infinitely superior to most of them, and especially to the pre-war Jugoslav army, in tactical skill, fieldcraft, leadership, fighting spirit and fire-power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_4_2htm_4.2_Course_of_the_War]-77">[71]</a><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Basil_Davidson" title="Basil Davidson">Basil Davidson</a></cite></div></blockquote> With Allied air support (Operation Flotsam) and assistance from the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, in the second half of 1944 the Partisans turned their attention to Serbia, which had seen relatively little fighting since the fall of the Republic of Užice in 1941. On 20 October, the Red Army and the Partisans liberated <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> in a joint operation known as the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade Offensive</a>. At the onset of winter, the Partisans effectively controlled the entire eastern half of Yugoslavia – Serbia, <a href="/wiki/Vardar_Macedonia" title="Vardar Macedonia">Vardar Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatian</a> coast.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1945, the Partisans, numbering over 800,000 strong<a href="#cite_note-perica-31">[28]</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia">Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>, achieving a hard-fought breakthrough in the <a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmian</a> front in late winter, taking <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> in early April, and the rest of the NDH and Slovenia through mid-May. After taking <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, which were part of Italy before the war, they beat the Allies to <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> by two days.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1973319-78">[72]</a> The "last battle of World War II in Europe", the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poljana" title="Battle of Poljana">Battle of Poljana</a>, was fought between the Partisans and retreating <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quisling" title="Quisling">quisling</a> forces at Poljana, near <a href="/wiki/Prevalje" title="Prevalje">Prevalje</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Carinthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Carinthia">Carinthia</a>, on 14–15 May 1945.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_by_post-war_republic">Overview by post-war republic</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Overview by post-war republic">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Serbia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Serbian_Partisans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Partisans.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Partisans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Partisans.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Partisans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Partisans.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Partisans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Serbian and Montenegrin Partisans used in the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Italian governorate of Montenegro</a> and in areas of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> where Serbs lived</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Axis invasion</a> led to the division of Yugoslavia between the Axis powers and the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>. The largest part of Serbia was organized into the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia</a> and as such it was the only example of military regime in occupied Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetranović1992-79">[73]</a> The Military Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Committee_for_Serbia" title="Provincial Committee for Serbia">Provincial Committee of the Communist Party for Serbia</a> was formed in mid-May 1941. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia arrived in Belgrade in late May, and this was of great importance for the development of the resistance in Yugoslavia. After their arrival, the Central Committee held conferences with local party officials. The decision for preparing the struggle in Serbia issued on June 23, 1941 at the meeting of the Provincial Committee for Serbia. On July 5, a Communist Party proclamation appeared that called upon the Serbian people to struggle against the invaders. Western Serbia was chosen as the base of the <a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">uprising</a>, which later spread to other parts of Serbia. A <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_U%C5%BEice" title="Republic of Užice">short-lived republic</a> was created in the liberated west, the first liberated territory in Europe. The uprising was suppressed by German forces by 29 November 1941. The <a href="/wiki/Main_National_Liberation_Committee_for_Serbia" title="Main National Liberation Committee for Serbia">Main National Liberation Committee for Serbia</a> is believed to have been founded in Užice on 17 November 1941. It was the body of the Partisan resistance in Serbian territory. The <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Serbia" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Serbia">Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Serbia</a> was held 9–12 November 1944. Tito's post-war government built numerous <a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_World_War_II_monuments_and_memorials_in_Serbia" title="List of Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials in Serbia">monuments and memorials</a> in Serbia after the war. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bosnia and Herzegovina">edit</a>]</div> Serbian Partisan detachments entered Bosnian territory after the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uzice" title="Operation Uzice">Operation Uzice</a> which saw the <a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Serbia_(1941)" title="Uprising in Serbia (1941)">Serbian uprising</a> quelled. The Bosnian Partisans were heavily reduced during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Trio" title="Operation Trio">Operation Trio</a> (1942) on the resistance in eastern Bosnia.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Croatia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatian Partisans</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia_(1945%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Federal State of Croatia, used by Croatian Partisans and National Liberation Movement</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Liberation Movement in Croatia">National Liberation Movement in Croatia</a> was part of the anti-fascist National Liberational Movement in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Axis-occupied Yugoslavia</a> which was the most effective anti-Nazi <a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">resistance movement</a><a href="#cite_note-JJR2013_OxfordPress-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-AS_2005-18">[15]</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement" title="Revolutionary movement">revolutionary</a> communists<a href="#cite_note-Dennison_I._Rusinow_1978,_p._2-16">[13]</a> during the Second World War. NOP was under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (KPJ) and supported by many others, with <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a> members contributing to it significantly. NOP units were able to temporarily or permanently liberate large parts of Croatia from occupying forces. Based on the NOP, the Federal Republic of Croatia was founded as a constituent of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Democratic Federal Yugoslavia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Services">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BAF_Vis_Reviw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/BAF_Vis_Reviw.jpg/220px-BAF_Vis_Reviw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/BAF_Vis_Reviw.jpg/330px-BAF_Vis_Reviw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/BAF_Vis_Reviw.jpg/440px-BAF_Vis_Reviw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>Aircraft and men of the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Air_Force" title="Balkan Air Force">Balkan Air Force</a> during a review by Marshal <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a></figcaption></figure> Aside from ground forces, the Yugoslav Partisans were the only <a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">resistance movement</a> in occupied Europe to employ significant air and naval forces.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partisan_Navy">Partisan Navy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Partisan Navy">edit</a>]</div> Naval forces of the resistance were formed as early as 19 September 1942, when Partisans in <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> formed their first naval unit made of fishing boats, which gradually evolved into a force able to engage the <a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Italian Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> and conduct complex amphibious operations. This event is considered to be the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Navy" title="Yugoslav Navy">Yugoslav Navy</a>. At its peak during World War II, the Yugoslav Partisans' Navy commanded 9 or 10 armed ships, 30 patrol boats, close to 200 support ships, six coastal batteries, and several Partisan detachments on the islands, around 3,000 men.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Their main base was the small port of <a href="/wiki/Podgora,_Split-Dalmatia_County" title="Podgora, Split-Dalmatia County">Podgora</a>, which was bombarded several times by Italian naval forces.<a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a> On 26 October 1943, it was organized first into four, and later into six, Maritime Coastal Sectors (Pomorsko Obalni Sektor, POS). The task of the naval forces was to secure supremacy at sea, organize defense of coast and islands, and attack enemy sea traffic and forces on the islands and along the coasts.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partisan_Air_Force">Partisan Air Force</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Partisan Air Force">edit</a>]</div> The Partisans gained an effective air force in May 1942, when the pilots of two aircraft belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia">Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia</a> (French-designed and Yugoslav-built <a href="/wiki/Potez_25" title="Potez 25">Potez 25</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Breguet_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Breguet 19">Breguet 19</a> <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplanes</a>, themselves formerly of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">Royal Yugoslav Air Force</a>), <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Kluz" title="Franjo Kluz">Franjo Kluz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudi_%C4%8Cajavec" title="Rudi Čajavec">Rudi Čajavec</a>, defected to the Partisans in Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-donlagic-81">[75]</a> Later, these pilots used their aircraft against Axis forces in limited operations. Although short-lived due to a lack of infrastructure, this was the first instance of a resistance movement having its own air force. Later, the air force would be re-established and destroyed several times until its permanent institution. The Partisans later established a permanent air force by obtaining aircraft, equipment, and training from captured Axis aircraft, the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Air_Force" title="Balkan Air Force">BAF</a>), and later the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Composition">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jajce_poslije_oslobo%C4%91enja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Jajce_poslije_oslobo%C4%91enja.jpg/220px-Jajce_poslije_oslobo%C4%91enja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Jajce_poslije_oslobo%C4%91enja.jpg/330px-Jajce_poslije_oslobo%C4%91enja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Jajce_poslije_oslobo%C4%91enja.jpg/440px-Jajce_poslije_oslobo%C4%91enja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers of the 4th Montenegrin Proletarian Brigade</figcaption></figure> Yugoslav Partisans were predominantly Serb in composition into 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975186-82">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pinson1996-30">[27]</a> Also, it should be kept in mind that until the middle of the war the Partisans were in control of relatively large liberated areas only in parts of Bosnia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo1975186-82">[76]</a> Over the entirety of the war according to the records of recipients of Partisan pensions from 1977, the ethnic composition of the Partisans was 53.0% Serb, 18.6% Croat, 9.2% Slovene, 5.5% Montenegrin, 3.5% Bosnian Muslim, and 2.7% Macedonian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2011207-83">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a> Much of the remainder of the NOP's membership was made up of Albanians, Hungarians and those self-identifying as Yugoslavs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2011207-83">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalic2019463-85">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare20024-86">[80]</a> At the moment of the capitulation of Italy to the Allies, the Serbs and Croats were participating equally according to their respective population sizes in Yugoslavia as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200230-87">[81]</a> According to Tito, by May 1944, the ethnic composition of the Partisans was 44% Serb, 30% Croat, 10% Slovene, 5% Montenegrin, 2.5% Macedonian and 2.5% Bosnian Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-Ramet_153-88">[82]</a> Italians were also in the army: more than 40,000 Italian fighters were in several military formations such as <a href="/wiki/9th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="9th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">9th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partisan_Battalion_Pino_Budicin" title="Partisan Battalion Pino Budicin">Partisan Battalion Pino Budicin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partisan_Division_%22Garibaldi%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan Division "Garibaldi"">Partisan Division "Garibaldi"</a> and <a href="/wiki/Division_Italia_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division Italia (Yugoslavia)">Division Italia (Yugoslavia)</a> later and others.<a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a> Following the Soviet-Bulgarian offensive in Serbia and North Macedonia in the autumn of 1944, mass Partisan conscription of Serbs, Macedonians and eventually Kosovo Albanians increased. The number of Serbian Partisan brigades went up from 28 in June 1944 to 60 by the end of the year. In regional terms, the Partisan movement was therefore disproportionately west Yugoslav, particularly from Croatia, while until the autumn of 1944, Serbia's contribution was disproportionately small.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200228-91">[85]</a> During 1941 until September 1943 from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,064 of Jews joined the Partisans, and largest part of Jews joined the Partisans after the capitulation of Italy in 1943. At the end of the war, 2,339 of Jewish Partisans from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina survived while 804 were killed.<a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a> Most of the Jews who joined the Yugoslav Partisans were from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to Romano this number is 4,572; 1,318 of them were killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001671-93">[87]</a> According to the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, <blockquote>In partitioned Yugoslavia, partisan resistance developed among the Slovenes in German-annexed Slovenia, engaging mostly in small-scale sabotage. In Serbia, a cetnik resistance organization developed under a former Yugoslav Army Colonel, Draža Mihailovic. After a disastrous defeat in an uprising in June 1941, this organization tended to withdraw from confrontation with the Axis occupying forces. The communist-dominated Partisan organization under the leadership of Josef Tito was a multi-ethnic resistance force – including Serbs, Croats, Montenegrins, Bosniaks, Jews, and Slovenes. Based primarily in Bosnia and northwestern Serbia, Tito's Partisans fought the Germans and Italians most consistently and played a major role in driving the German forces out of Yugoslavia in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a></blockquote> By April 1945, there were some 800,000 soldiers in the Partisan army. Composition by region (ethnicity is not taken into account) from late 1941 to late 1944 was as follows:<a href="#cite_note-95">[89]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" width="500px"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Late 1941</th> <th>Late 1942</th> <th>Sept. 1943</th> <th>Late 1943</th> <th>Late 1944 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Bosnia and Herzegovina</td> <td>20,000</td> <td>60,000</td> <td>89,000</td> <td>108,000</td> <td>100,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Croatia</td> <td>7,000</td> <td>48,000</td> <td>78,000</td> <td>122,000</td> <td>150,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Serbia (Kosovo)</td> <td>5,000</td> <td>6,000</td> <td>6,000</td> <td>7,000</td> <td>20,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Macedonia</td> <td>1,000</td> <td>2,000</td> <td>10,000</td> <td>7,000</td> <td>66,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Montenegro</td> <td>22,000</td> <td>6,000</td> <td>10,000</td> <td>24,000</td> <td>30,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Serbia (proper)</td> <td>23,000</td> <td>8,000</td> <td>13,000</td> <td>22,000</td> <td>204,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Slovenia<a href="#cite_note-96">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a></td> <td>2,000</td> <td>4000</td> <td>6000</td> <td>34,000</td> <td>38,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Serbia (Vojvodina)</td> <td>1,000</td> <td>1,000</td> <td>3,000</td> <td>5,000</td> <td>40,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th>81,000</th> <th>135,000</th> <th>215,000</th> <th>329,000</th> <th>648,000 </th></tr></tbody></table> According to Fabijan Trgo in the summer of 1944 the National Liberation Army had about 350,000 soldiers in 39 divisions, which were grouped into 12 Corps. In September 1944 about 100,000 soldiers in 17 divisions were ready to enter the final phase of the battle for the liberation of Serbia, overall in all Yugoslav areas the National Liberation Army had about 400,000 armed soldiers. That is, 15 corps, ie 50 divisions, 2 operational groups, 16 independent brigades, 130 partisan detachments, the navy and the first aviation formations. At the beginning of 1945, the number of soldiers was about 600,000. On March 1, the Yugoslav Army had more than 800,000 soldiers, grouped in 63 divisions.<a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a> The Chetniks were a mainly Serb-oriented group and their Serb nationalism resulted in an inability to recruit or appeal to many non-Serbs. The Partisans played down communism in favour of a <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Front">Popular Front</a> approach which appealed to all Yugoslavs. In Bosnia, the Partisan rallying cry was for a country which was to be neither Serbian nor Croatian nor Muslim, but instead to be free and brotherly in which full equality of all groups would be ensured.<a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> Nevertheless, Serbs remained the dominant ethnic group in the Yugoslav Partisans throughout the war.<a href="#cite_note-101">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[96]</a> Italian collaboration with Chetniks in northern Dalmatia resulted in atrocities which further galvanized support for the Partisans among Dalmatian Croats. Chetnik attacks on <a href="/wiki/Gata,_Croatia" title="Gata, Croatia">Gata</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Split_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split (city)">Split</a>, resulted in the slaughter of some 200 Croatian civilians.<a href="#cite_note-103">[97]</a> In particular, Mussolini's policy of forced <a href="/wiki/Italianization" title="Italianization">Italianization</a> ensured the first significant number of Croats joining the Partisans in late 1941. In other areas, recruitment of Croats was hindered by some Serbs' tendency to view the organisation as exclusively Serb, rejecting non-Serb members and raiding the villages of their Croat neighbours.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen_95-52">[46]</a> A group of Jewish youths from Sarajevo attempted to join a Partisan detachment in Kalinovnik, but the Serbian Partisans turned them back to Sarajevo, where many were captured by the Axis forces and perished.<a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a> Attacks from Croatian <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> on the Serbian population was considered to be one of the important reasons for the rise of guerrilla activities, thus aiding an ever-growing Partisan resistance.<a href="#cite_note-105">[99]</a> Following the capitulation of Italy and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade Offensive</a>, many members of the Ustaše joined the partisans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1946233-106">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_2">Bosnia and Herzegovina</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bosnia and Herzegovina">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bosnian-Herzegovinian_Partisans_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bosnian-Herzegovinian_Partisans_flag.svg/220px-Bosnian-Herzegovinian_Partisans_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bosnian-Herzegovinian_Partisans_flag.svg/330px-Bosnian-Herzegovinian_Partisans_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bosnian-Herzegovinian_Partisans_flag.svg/440px-Bosnian-Herzegovinian_Partisans_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federal State of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, used by Partisans in Bosnia and Herzegovina</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Federal State of Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></div> At the beginning of the war, the dominant Serb composition of the Partisan rank and file and alliance with the Chetniks, who were engaged in atrocities and killing of Croat and Muslim civilians, forced Croats and Muslims not to join the Bosnian Partisans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare201323-107">[101]</a> Until early 1942, the Partisans in Bosnia and Herzegovina, who were almost exclusively Serbs, cooperated closely with the Chetniks, and some Partisans in eastern Herzegovina and western Bosnia refused to accept Muslims into their ranks. For many Muslims, the behavior of these Serb Partisans towards them meant that there was little difference for them between the Partisans and Chetniks. However, in some areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina the Partisans were successful in attracting both Muslims and Croats from the beginning, notably in the <a href="/wiki/Kozara_(mountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozara (mountain)">Kozara</a> Mountain area in north-west Bosnia and the <a href="/wiki/Romanija" title="Romanija">Romanija</a> Mountain area near Sarajevo. In the Kozara area, Muslims and Croats made up 25 percent of Partisan strength by the end of 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001506–507-108">[102]</a> According to Hoare, by late 1943, 70% of the Partisans in Bosnia and Herzegovina were Serb and 30% were Croat and Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-Hoare_10-109">[103]</a> At the end of 1977, Bosnian recipients of war pensions were 64.1% Serb, 23% Muslim, and 8.8% Croat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2002-110">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia_2">Croatia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Croatia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Croatia">Federal State of Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Partizanski_plakat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Partizanski_plakat.jpg/220px-Partizanski_plakat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Partizanski_plakat.jpg/330px-Partizanski_plakat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Partizanski_plakat.jpg/440px-Partizanski_plakat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Croatian Partisan <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_poster" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda poster">propaganda poster</a>: Everybody into the fight for the freedom of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>!</figcaption></figure> In 1941–42, the majority of Partisans in Croatia were Serbs. However, by October 1943, the majority were Croats. This change was partly due to the decision of a key <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a> member, <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Magovac" title="Božidar Magovac">Božidar Magovac</a>, to join the Partisans in June 1943, and partly due to the surrender of Italy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001362–363-111">[105]</a> At the moment of the capitulation of Italy to the Allies the Serbs and Croats were participating equally according to their respective population sizes in Yugoslavia as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200230-87">[81]</a> According to Goldstein, among Croatian partisans at the end of 1941, 77% were Serbs and 21.5% were Croats, and others as well as unknown nationalities. The percentage of Croats in the Partisans had increased to 32% by August 1942, and 34% by September 1943. After the capitulation of Italy, it increased further. At the end of 1944 there were 60.4% Croats, 28.6% Serbs and 11% of other nationalities (2.8% Muslims, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Italians, Hungarians, Czechs, Jews and Germans) in Croatian partisan units.<a href="#cite_note-Ramet_153-88">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Banac" title="Ivo Banac">Ivo Banac</a>, the Croatian Partisan movement in the second half of 1944 had about 150,000 combatants under arms, while 100,070 were in operative units where Croats numbered 60,703 (60.7%), Serbs 24,528 (24.5%), Slovenes 5,113 (5.1%), and others.<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> The Serb contribution to Croatian Partisans represented more than their proportion of the local population.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen_95-52">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-strugar-114">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnićJoksimovićGutić1982-115">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-vukovic-116">[110]</a> Croatian Partisans were integral to overall Yugoslav Partisans with ethnic Croats in prominent positions in the movement since the very beginning of the war; According to some researchers writing during 1990s, like Cohen, by the end of 1943, Croatia proper, with 24% of the Yugoslav population, provided more Partisans than Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia and Macedonia combined (though not more than Bosnia and Herzegovina).<a href="#cite_note-Cohen_95-52">[46]</a> In early 1943 Partisans took steps to establish <a href="/wiki/ZAVNOH" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAVNOH">ZAVNOH</a> (National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia) to act as a parliamentary body for all of Croatia – the only one of its kind in occupied Europe. ZAVNOH held three plenary sessions during the war in areas which remained surrounded by Axis troops. At its fourth and last session, held on 24–25 July 1945 in Zagreb, ZAVNOH proclaimed itself as the Croatian Parliament or <a href="/wiki/Sabor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabor">Sabor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jelic-117">[111]</a> By the end of 1941 in the territory of the NDH, Serbs comprised approximately one-third of the population but about 95% of all Partisans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200227-118">[112]</a> This numerical dominance lessened later, but until 1943 Serbs formed a majority of Partisans in Croatia (including Dalmatia).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200227-118">[112]</a> Territories in Croatia proper with a substantial number of Serb inhabitants (Lika, Banija, Kordun) formed the most important source of manpower for the Partisans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200228-91">[85]</a> In May 1941 the Ustasha regime ceded northern Dalmatia to Fascist Italy, which caused increasingly massive support for the Partisans among the Croats of Dalmatia. In other parts of Croatia Croat support toward the Partisans gradually increased due to Ustasha and Axis violence and misrule, but much more slowly than in Dalmatia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200230-87">[81]</a> There were only 1,492 Partisans from Serbia out of the 22,148 Partisans of Tito's Main Operational Group (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: Glavna operativna grupa) at the Battle of the River Sutjeska in June 1943, and 8,925 were from Croatia (of which 5,195 were from Dalmatia), but in ethnic terms, 11,851 were Serbs beside 5,220 Croats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200230-87">[81]</a> At the end of 1943 all 13 Dalmatian Partisan brigades had a Croat majority, but among the 25 Partisan brigades from Croatian proper (without Dalmatia) only 7 had a Croat majority (17 had a Serb majority and one had a Czech majority).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200230-87">[81]</a> According to historians <a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davor_Marijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davor Marijan (page does not exist)">Davor Marijan</a> the main reason for massive participation of Croats in Battle of the Sutjeska in June 1943 was ongoing terror of Italian fascists.<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> According to Tito, one-quarter of <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>'s population (i.e. more than 50,000 citizens) participated in the Partisan struggle during which over 20,000 of them were killed (half of them as active fighters).<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> As Partisan combatants 4,709 citizens of Zagreb were killed while 15,129 were killed in Ustasha and Nazi prisons and concentration camps, and another 6,500 were killed during anti-insurgency operations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200228-91">[85]</a> In the final offensive for the liberation of Yugoslavia, from Croatia was engaged 165,000 soldiers mostly for the liberation of Croatia. On Croatian territory after 30 November 1944 in combat with the enemy participated 5 corps, 15 divisions, 54 brigades and 35 Partisan detachments, a total of 121,341 soldiers (117,112 men and 4239 woman) which at the end of 1944 made up about third of the entire armed forces of the National Liberation Army. At the same time, on the territory of Croatia there was 340,000 of German soldiers, 150,000 of Ustasha and Home Guard soldiers while the Chetniks at beginning of 1945 withdrew towards Slovenia. According to the ethnic composition of Partisans, most were Croats 73,327 or 60.4%, followed by Serbs 34,753 or 28.6%, Muslims 3,316 or 2.8%, Jews 284 or 0.3% and Slovenes, Montenegrins and others with 9,671 or 8.0%, (number of Partisans and ethnic composition does not include 9 brigades which were engaged outside of Croatia).<a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia_2">Serbia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Serbia">edit</a>]</div> By the end of September 1941, 24 detachments have been established with approximately 14,000 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnićJoksimovićGutić198225–27-122">[116]</a> By the end of 1943, 97 Partisan brigades existed overall, while in the eastern parts of Yugoslavia (Vojvodina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo and Macedonia) 18 Partisan brigades existed.<a href="#cite_note-anubih.ba-Hoare-123">[117]</a> In Serbia during the spring and summer of 1944, many Chetnik deserters and prisoners joined Partisans units.<a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> When the Soviets liberated Serbia at the end of 1944, mass Partisan mobilization of Serbians, Macedonians and eventually Kosovo Albanians began, which led to a balanced geographical contribution between the eastern and western Yugoslav Partisan movements. Serbia’s contribution to the Partisan movement prior to the autumn of 1944 was disproportionately small.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare20026-125">[119]</a> At the end of September 1944, Serbia had about 70,000 soldiers under the command of the <a href="/wiki/Main_Staff_of_the_National_Liberation_Army_and_Partisan_Detachments_of_Serbia" title="Main Staff of the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Serbia">Main Staff of Serbia</a> of which in the 13th Corps were about 30,000 soldiers, in the 14th Corps 32,463 soldiers and in the 2nd Proletarian Division 4,600 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnićJoksimovićGutić1982369–378-126">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovenia">Slovenia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Slovenia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Liberation_Front.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_the_Liberation_Front.gif/220px-Flag_of_the_Liberation_Front.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Flag_of_the_Liberation_Front.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Front_of_the_Slovene_Nation" title="Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation">Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation</a>, used by Partisans in Slovenia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triglavka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Triglavka.jpg/220px-Triglavka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Triglavka.jpg/330px-Triglavka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Triglavka.jpg/440px-Triglavka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Triglavka" title="Triglavka">Triglavka</a> cap</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Partisans" title="Slovene Partisans">Slovene Partisans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal State of Slovenia">Federal State of Slovenia</a></div> During World War II, Slovenia was in a unique situation in Europe. Only Greece shared its experience of being trisected; however, Slovenia was the only country that experienced a further step – absorption and annexation into neighboring <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> Germany, Fascist <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a> As the very existence of the Slovene nation was threatened, the Slovene support for the Partisan movement was much more solid than in Croatia or Serbia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2002-110">[104]</a> An emphasis on the defence of ethnic identity was shown by naming the troops after important Slovene poets and writers, following the example of the <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Cankar" title="Ivan Cankar">Ivan Cankar</a> battalion.<a href="#cite_note-Slovene_History-128">[122]</a> At the very beginning, the Partisan forces were small, poorly armed and without any infrastructure. However, the Spanish Civil War veterans amongst them had some experience with <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>. The Partisan movement in Slovenia functioned as the military arm of the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_Front_of_the_Slovene_Nation" title="Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation">Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation</a>, an Anti-Fascist resistance platform established in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana" title="Province of Ljubljana">Province of Ljubljana</a> on 26 April 1941, which originally consisted of multiple groups of left wing orientation, most notable being Communist Party and Christian Socialists. During the course of the war, the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Slovenia">Communist Party of Slovenia</a> started to grow, until its supremacy was officially sanctioned in the <a href="/wiki/Dolomiti_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolomiti Declaration">Dolomiti Declaration</a> of 1 March 1943.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGowCarmichael201048-129">[123]</a> Some of the members of Liberation Front and partisans were ex-members of the <a href="/wiki/TIGR" title="TIGR">TIGR</a> resistance movement. Representatives of all political groups in Liberation Front participated in Supreme Plenum of Liberation Front, which led the resistance efforts in Slovenia. Supreme Plenum was active until 3 October 1943 when, at the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Devski_zbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kočevski zbor">Assembly of the Slovenian Nation's Delegates</a> in Kočevje, the 120-member Liberation Front Plenum was elected as the supreme body of the Slovenian Liberation Front. The plenum also functioned as Slovenian National Liberation Committee, the supreme authority in Slovenia. Some historians consider the Kočevje Assembly to be the first Slovene elected parliament and Slovene Partisans as its representatives also participated on <a href="/wiki/2nd_session_of_the_AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd session of the AVNOJ">2nd session of the AVNOJ</a> and were instrumental in adding the self-determination clause to the resolution on the establishment of a new federal Yugoslavia. The Liberation Front Plenum was renamed the <a href="/wiki/SNOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SNOS">Slovenian National Liberation Council</a> at the conference in Črnomelj on 19 February 1944 and transformed into the Slovenian parliament.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Slovene Partisans retained their specific organizational structure and <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene language</a> as the commanding language until the last months of World War II, when their language was removed as the commanding language. From 1942 till after 1944, they wore the <a href="/wiki/Triglavka" title="Triglavka">Triglavka</a> cap, which was then gradually replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Titovka_(cap)" title="Titovka (cap)">Titovka</a> cap as part of their uniform.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVukšić200321-130">[124]</a> In March 1945, the Slovene Partisan Units were officially merged with the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav Army</a> and thus ceased to exist as a separate formation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The partisan activities in Slovenia started in 1941 and were independent of Tito's partisans in the south. In autumn 1942, Tito attempted for the first time to control the Slovene resistance movement. <a href="/wiki/Arsa_Jovanovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsa Jovanović">Arso Jovanović</a>, a leading Yugoslav communist who was sent from Tito's Supreme Command of Yugoslav partisan resistance, ended his mission to establish central control over the Slovene partisans unsuccessfully in April 1943. The merger of the Slovene Partisans with Tito's forces happened in 1944.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart200615-131">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičZagar2004167–168-132">[126]</a> In December 1943, <a href="/wiki/Franja_Partisan_Hospital" title="Franja Partisan Hospital">Franja Partisan Hospital</a> was built in difficult and rugged terrain, only a few hours from Austria and the central parts of Germany. The partisans broadcast their own radio program called Radio Kričač, the location of which never became known to occupying forces, although the receiver antennas from the local population had been confiscated.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Casualties">edit</a>]</div> Despite their success, the Partisans suffered heavy casualties throughout the war. The table depicts Partisan losses, 7 July 1941 – 16 May 1945:<a href="#cite_note-strugar-114">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnićJoksimovićGutić1982-115">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-vukovic-116">[110]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; width:500px;"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>1941</th> <th>1942</th> <th>1943</th> <th>1944</th> <th>1945</th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Killed in action</td> <td>18,896</td> <td>24,700</td> <td>48,378</td> <td>80,650</td> <td>72,925</td> <td>245,549 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Wounded in action</td> <td>29,300</td> <td>31,200</td> <td>61,730</td> <td>147,650</td> <td>130,000</td> <td>399,880 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Died from wounds</td> <td>3,127</td> <td>4,194</td> <td>7,923</td> <td>8,066</td> <td>7,800</td> <td>31,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Missing in action</td> <td>3,800</td> <td>6,300</td> <td>5,423</td> <td>5,600</td> <td>7,800</td> <td>28,925 </td></tr></tbody></table> According to <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Ivo Goldstein</a>, 82,000 Serbs and 42,000 Croats were killed on NDH territory as partisan combatants.<a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rescue_operations">Rescue operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Rescue operations">edit</a>]</div> The Partisans were responsible for the successful and sustained evacuation of downed Allied airmen from the Balkans. For example, between 1 January and 15 October 1944, according to statistics compiled by the US Air Force Air Crew Rescue Unit, 1,152 American airmen were airlifted from Yugoslavia, 795 with Partisan assistance and 356 with the help of the Chetniks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeary199534-134">[128]</a> Yugoslav Partisans in Slovene territory rescued 303 American airmen, 389 British airmen and prisoners of war, and 120 French and other prisoners of war and slave laborers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001115-135">[129]</a> The Partisans also assisted hundreds of Allied soldiers who succeeded in escaping from German POW camps (mostly in southern Austria) throughout the war, but especially from 1943 to 1945. These were transported across Slovenia, from where many were airlifted from <a href="/wiki/Semi%C4%8D" title="Semič">Semič</a>, while others made the longer overland trek down through Croatia for a boat passage to <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a> in Italy. In the spring of 1944, the British military mission in Slovenia reported that there was a "steady, slow trickle" of escapes from these camps. They were being assisted by local civilians, and on contacting Partisans on the general line of the River <a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a>, they were able to make their way to safety with Partisan guides.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raid_at_Ožbalt">Raid at Ožbalt</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Raid at Ožbalt">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Raid_at_O%C5%BEbalt" title="Raid at Ožbalt">Raid at Ožbalt</a></div> A total of 132 Allied prisoners of war were rescued from the Germans by the Partisans in a single operation in August 1944 in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Raid_at_O%C5%BEbalt" title="Raid at Ožbalt">Raid at Ožbalt</a>. In June 1944, the Allied escape organization began to take an active interest in assisting prisoners from camps in southern Austria and evacuating them through Yugoslavia. A post of the Allied mission in northern <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> had found that at <a href="/wiki/O%C5%BEbalt" title="Ožbalt">Ožbalt</a>, just on the Austrian side of the border, about 50 km (31 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a>, there was a poorly guarded working camp from which a raid by <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Partisans" title="Slovene Partisans">Slovene Partisans</a> could free all the prisoners. Over 100 POWs were transported from <a href="/wiki/Stalag_XVIII-D" title="Stalag XVIII-D">Stalag XVIII-D</a> at <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a> to Ožbalt each morning to do railway maintenance work, and returned to their quarters in the evening. Contact was made between Partisans and the prisoners with the result that at the end of August a group of seven slipped away past a sleeping guard at 15:00, and at 21:00 the men were celebrating with the Partisans in a village, 8 km (5.0 mi) away on the Yugoslav side of the border.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason1954[httpswebarchiveorgweb20181006052844httpnzetcvictoriaacnztmscholarlytei-WH2Pris-_N95868htmln383_383]-136">[130]</a> The seven escapees arranged with the Partisans for the rest of the camp to be freed the following day. Next morning, the seven returned with about a hundred Partisans to await the arrival of the work-party by the usual train. As soon as work had begun the Partisans, to quote a New Zealand eye-witness, "swooped down the hillside and disarmed the eighteen guards". In a short time prisoners, guards, and civilian overseers were being escorted along the route used by the first seven prisoners the previous evening. At the first headquarters camp reached, details were taken of the total of 132 escaped prisoners for transmission by radio to England. Progress along the evacuation route south was difficult, as German patrols were very active. A night ambush by one such patrol caused the loss of two prisoners and two of the escort. Eventually they reached <a href="/wiki/Semi%C4%8D" title="Semič">Semič</a>, in <a href="/wiki/White_Carniola" title="White Carniola">White Carniola</a>, Slovenia, which was a Partisan base catering for POWs. They were flown across to <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a> on 21 September 1944 from the airport of <a href="/wiki/Otok,_Metlika" title="Otok, Metlika">Otok</a> near <a href="/wiki/Gradac,_Metlika" title="Gradac, Metlika">Gradac</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason1954[httpswebarchiveorgweb20181006052844httpnzetcvictoriaacnztmscholarlytei-WH2Pris-_N95868htmln383_383]-136">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-war">Post-war</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Post-war">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a></div> SFR Yugoslavia was one of only two European countries that were largely liberated by its own forces during World War II. It received significant assistance from the Soviet Union during the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">liberation of Serbia</a>, and substantial assistance from the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Air_Force" title="Balkan Air Force">Balkan Air Force</a> from mid-1944, but only limited assistance, mainly from the British, prior to 1944. At the end of the war no foreign troops were stationed on its soil. Partly as a result, the country found itself halfway between the two camps at the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. In 1947–48, the Soviet Union attempted to command obedience from Yugoslavia, primarily on issues of foreign policy, which resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a> and almost ignited an armed conflict. A period of very cold <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations">relations with the Soviet Union</a> followed, during which the U.S. and the UK considered courting Yugoslavia into the newly formed <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. This however changed in 1953 with the Trieste crisis, a tense dispute between Yugoslavia and the Western Allies over the eventual Yugoslav-Italian border (see <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a>), and with Yugoslav-Soviet reconciliation in 1956. This ambivalent position at the start of the Cold War matured into the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">non-aligned</a> foreign policy which Yugoslavia actively espoused until its dissolution. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atrocities">Atrocities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Atrocities">edit</a>]</div> The Partisans massacred civilians during and after the war.<a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a> On 27 July 1941, Partisan-led units massacred around 100 Croat civilians in <a href="/wiki/Bosansko_Grahovo_massacre" title="Bosansko Grahovo massacre">Bosansko Grahovo</a> and 300 in <a href="/wiki/Trubar_massacre" title="Trubar massacre">Trubar</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Drvar_uprising" title="Drvar uprising">Drvar uprising</a> against the NDH.<a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a> Between 5–8 September 1941, some 1,000–3,000 Muslim civilians and soldiers, including 100 Croats were massacred by the Partisan Drvar Brigade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2006106–108-139">[133]</a> A number of Partisan units, and the local population in some areas, engaged in <a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II#Yugoslavia" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">mass murder</a> in the immediate postwar period against <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POWs</a> and other perceived Axis sympathizers, collaborators, and/or fascists along with their relatives, including children.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] These infamous massacres include the <a href="/wiki/Foibe_massacres" title="Foibe massacres">Foibe massacres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tezno_massacre" title="Tezno massacre">Tezno massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macelj_massacre" title="Macelj massacre">Macelj massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Devski_Rog_massacre" title="Kočevski Rog massacre">Kočevski Rog massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Pit_massacre" title="Barbara Pit massacre">Barbara Pit massacre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_purges_in_Serbia_in_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45">communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bleiburg_repatriations" title="Bleiburg repatriations">Bleiburg repatriations</a> of retreating columns of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia">Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetnik">Chetnik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a> troops, thousands of civilians heading or retreating towards Austria to surrender to western Allied forces, resulted in mass executions with tens of thousands of victims.<a href="#cite_note-:9-140">[134]</a>: 281  The "foibe massacres" draw their name from the "foibe" pits in which Croatian Partisans of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Dalmatian_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Dalmatian Corps">8th Dalmatian Corps</a> (often along with groups of angry civilian locals) shot Italian fascists, and suspected collaborationists and/or separatists. According to a mixed Slovene-Italian historical commission<a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> established in 1993, which investigated only on what happened in places included in present-day Italy and Slovenia, the killings seemed to proceed from endeavors to remove persons linked with fascism (regardless of their personal responsibility), and endeavors to carry out mass executions of real, potential or only alleged opponents of the communist government. The <a href="/wiki/1944%E2%80%931945_killings_in_Ba%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="1944–1945 killings in Bačka">1944–1945 killings in Bačka</a> were similar in nature and entailed the killing of suspected Hungarian, German and Serbian fascists, and their suspected affiliates, without regard to their personal responsibility. During this purge, a large number of civilians from the associated ethnic group were also killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatuska1991-142">[136]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The Partisans did not have an official agenda of liquidating their enemies and their cardinal ideal was the "<a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">brotherhood and unity</a>" of all Yugoslav nations (the phrase became the motto for the new Yugoslavia). The country suffered between 900,000 and 1,150,000 civilian and military dead during the Axis occupation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001737-143">[137]</a> Between 80,000 and 100,000 people were killed in the partisan purges and at least 30,000 people were killed in the Bleiburg killings, according to Marcus Tanner in his work, Croatia: a Nation Forged in War.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] This chapter of Partisan history was a taboo subject for conversation in the <a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> until the late 1980s, and as a result, decades of official silence created a reaction in the form of numerous data manipulation for nationalist propaganda purposes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002-144">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Equipment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_weapons_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of World War II weapons of Yugoslavia">List of World War II weapons of Yugoslavia</a></div> The first small arms for the Partisans were acquired from the defeated <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a>, like the <a href="/wiki/FN_Model_24_and_Model_30" title="FN Model 24 and Model 30">M24 Mauser rifle</a>. Throughout the war the Partisans used any weapons they could find, mostly weapons captured from the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Italian_Army" title="Royal Italian Army">Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Home_Guard_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Home Guard (Independent State of Croatia)">Army of the NDH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Karabiner_98k" title="Karabiner 98k">Karabiner 98k</a> rifle, <a href="/wiki/MP_40" title="MP 40">MP 40</a> submachine gun, <a href="/wiki/MG_34" title="MG 34">MG 34</a> machine gun, <a href="/wiki/Carcano" title="Carcano">Carcano</a> rifle and carbine, and <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a> submachine gun. The other way that the Partisans acquired weapons was from supplies given to them by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the United Kingdom, including the <a href="/wiki/PPSh-41" title="PPSh-41">PPSh-41</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">Sten</a> MKII submachine guns respectively. Additionally, Partisan workshops created their own weapons modelled on factory-made weapons already in use, including the so-called "Partisan rifle" and the anti-tank "Partisan mortar". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks">Ranks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Ranks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_Socialist_Yugoslavia" title="Military ranks of Socialist Yugoslavia">Military ranks of Socialist Yugoslavia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officer_ranks">Officer ranks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Officer ranks">edit</a>]</div> The rank insignia of <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">commissioned officers</a>. <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; color:inherit; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2">June 1941–December 1942<a href="#cite_note-Ranks-145">[139]</a> </td> <td colspan="8" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kombrig" title="Kombrig">Komandant brigade</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Komendant odrede </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kombat_(military_rank)" title="Kombat (military rank)">Komandant bataljona</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Company_commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Company commander">Komandir čete</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2">December 1942–April 1943<a href="#cite_note-Ranks-145">[139]</a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2">Komandant glavnog štaba </td> <td colspan="2">Komandant operative zone </td> <td colspan="2">Zamenik operative komandanta zone </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kombrig" title="Kombrig">Komandant brigade</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Načelnik štaba brigade </td> <td colspan="2">Zamenik komandanta brigade </td> <td colspan="1">Komendant odrede </td> <td colspan="1">Zamenik komendanta odrede </td> <td colspan="2">Načelnik štaba odrede </td> <td colspan="2">Komandant bataljona </td> <td colspan="2">Zamenik komandanta bataljona </td> <td colspan="2">Komandir čete </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2">May 1943–May 1945<a href="#cite_note-Ranks-145">[139]</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-10_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-10_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/51px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-10_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-10_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/77px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-10_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-10_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/102px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-10_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-8_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-8_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-8_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-8_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-8_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-8_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-8_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-7_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-7_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-7_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-7_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-7_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-7_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-7_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-6_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-6_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-6_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-6_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-6_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-6_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-6_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-5_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-4_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-3_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-2_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1b_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1b_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1b_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1b_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1b_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1b_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1b_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1a_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1a_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1a_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1a_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1a_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1a_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-1a_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OF-(D)_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-%28D%29_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-%28D%29_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-%28D%29_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-%28D%29_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Yugoslavia-Army-OF-%28D%29_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OF-%28D%29_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Yugoslavia" title="Marshal of Yugoslavia">Maršal Jugoslavije</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">General-pukovnik</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">General-lajtant</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">General-major</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Pukovnik</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Potpukovnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Potpukovnik">Potpukovnik</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">Kapetan</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Poručnik</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Potporu%C4%8Dnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Potporučnik">Potporučnik</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Zastavnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Zastavnik">Zastavnik</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_ranks">Other ranks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Other ranks">edit</a>]</div> The rank insignia of <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">non-commissioned officers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">enlisted personnel</a>. <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; color:inherit; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; color:inherit; text-align:center; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="22">Senior NCOs </th> <th colspan="6">Junior NCOs </th> <th colspan="8">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:inherit;"> <td rowspan="2">June 1941–December 1942<a href="#cite_note-Ranks-145">[139]</a> </td> <td colspan="16" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2">No insignia </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Vodnik</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lance_corporal" title="Lance corporal">Desetar</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Borac</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:inherit;"> <td rowspan="2">December 1942–April 1943<a href="#cite_note-Ranks-145">[139]</a> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2">No insignia </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6">Zamenik komandira čete </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Vodnik</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lance_corporal" title="Lance corporal">Desetar</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Borac</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:inherit;"> <td rowspan="2">May 1943–May 1945<a href="#cite_note-Ranks-145">[139]</a> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OR-5_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-5_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OR-4_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-4_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OR-3_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-3_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Yugoslavia-Army-OR-2_(1943%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/50px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/75px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Yugoslavia-Army-OR-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg/100px-Yugoslavia-Army-OR-2_%281943%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="569" /></a> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2">No insignia </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center; color:inherit;"> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Senior_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Sergeant">Stariji vodnik</a> </td> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Vodnik</a> </td> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Junior_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Sergeant">Mlađi vodnik</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lance_corporal" title="Lance corporal">Desetar</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Vojnik</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; color:inherit; text-align:center; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="22">Senior NCOs </th> <th colspan="6">Junior NCOs </th> <th colspan="8">Enlisted </th></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women">Women</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Women">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kozar%C4%8Danka_-_Milja_Marin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kozar%C4%8Danka_-_Milja_Marin.jpg/180px-Kozar%C4%8Danka_-_Milja_Marin.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kozar%C4%8Danka_-_Milja_Marin.jpg/270px-Kozar%C4%8Danka_-_Milja_Marin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Kozar%C4%8Danka_-_Milja_Marin.jpg/360px-Kozar%C4%8Danka_-_Milja_Marin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kozar%C4%8Danka" title="Kozarčanka">Kozarčanka</a> by Žorž Skrigin (winter 1943–44)</figcaption></figure> The Yugoslav Partisans mobilized many women.<a href="#cite_note-BatinićHistory2015-146">[140]</a> The Yugoslav National Liberation Movement claimed 6,000,000 civilian supporters; its two million women formed the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Antifascist_Front_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Antifascist Front of Yugoslavia">Antifascist Front of Women</a> (AFŽ), in which the revolutionary coexisted with the traditional. The AFŽ managed schools, hospitals and even local governments. About 100,000 women served with 600,000 men in Tito's Yugoslav National Liberation Army. It stressed its dedication to women's rights and gender equality and used the imagery of traditional folklore heroines to attract and legitimize the partizanka (<abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr> partizanke; Partisan Woman).<a href="#cite_note-BatinićHistory2015-146">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> Members included figures such as <a href="/wiki/Judita_Alargi%C4%87" title="Judita Alargić">Judita Alargić</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[142]</a> After the war, traditional gender roles were reinstated, but Yugoslavia is unique as its historians paid extensive attention to women's roles in the resistance, until the country broke up in the 1990s. Then the memory of the women soldiers faded away.<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJancar-Webster1990-150">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partisan_legacy">Partisan legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Partisan legacy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political">Political</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Political">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_the_marshal_Tito_in_The_Haus_of_Flowers.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Grave_of_the_marshal_Tito_in_The_Haus_of_Flowers.JPG/220px-Grave_of_the_marshal_Tito_in_The_Haus_of_Flowers.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Grave_of_the_marshal_Tito_in_The_Haus_of_Flowers.JPG/330px-Grave_of_the_marshal_Tito_in_The_Haus_of_Flowers.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Grave_of_the_marshal_Tito_in_The_Haus_of_Flowers.JPG/440px-Grave_of_the_marshal_Tito_in_The_Haus_of_Flowers.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of Marshall <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>, Supreme commander of the Partisans, inside the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Flowers_(mausoleum)" title="House of Flowers (mausoleum)">House of Flowers</a> mausoleum, Belgrade</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0,_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3,_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%2C_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%2C_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Liberators of Belgrade memorial in the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_New_Cemetery" title="Belgrade New Cemetery">Belgrade New Cemetery</a>, Belgrade</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grobnica_narodnih_heroja_Zagreb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Grobnica_narodnih_heroja_Zagreb.JPG/220px-Grobnica_narodnih_heroja_Zagreb.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Grobnica_narodnih_heroja_Zagreb.JPG/330px-Grobnica_narodnih_heroja_Zagreb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Grobnica_narodnih_heroja_Zagreb.JPG/440px-Grobnica_narodnih_heroja_Zagreb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of the People's Heroes in <a href="/wiki/Mirogoj_Cemetery" title="Mirogoj Cemetery">Mirogoj Cemetery</a>, Zagreb</figcaption></figure> The Partisan legacy is the subject of considerable debate and controversy due to the rise of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a> in the late 1980s and early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">Historical revisionism</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">breakup of Yugoslavia</a> has rendered the movement ideologically incompatible within the <a href="/wiki/Post-communism" title="Post-communism">post-communist</a> sociopolitical framework. This revisionist historiography has caused the Partisans' role in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> to be generally ignored, disparaged or attacked within successor states.<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> Despite social changes commemorative tributes to the Partisan struggle are still observed throughout the former <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, and are attended by veteran associations, descendants, <a href="/wiki/Yugo-nostalgia" title="Yugo-nostalgia">yugo-nostalgics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftists</a> and sympathisers.<a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a> The successor branches of the former Association of War Veterans of the People's Liberation War (SUBNOR), represent Partisan veterans in each republic and lobby against political and legal rehabilitation of war collaborators, along with efforts to renamed streets and public squares. These organisation's also maintain monuments and memorials dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">People's Liberation War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia">anti-fascism</a> in each respective nation.<a href="#cite_note-161">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural">Cultural</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Cultural">edit</a>]</div> According to <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Dedijer" title="Vladimir Dedijer">Vladimir Dedijer</a>, more than 40,000 works of folk poetry were inspired by the Partisans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDedijer1980929-165">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkans Campaign (World War II)">Balkans Campaign (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba%C5%A1i_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="Bombaši (Yugoslav Partisans)">Bombaši</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leftist_errors_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftist errors (Yugoslavia)">Leftist errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_People%27s_Hero" title="Order of the People's Hero">Order of the People's Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po_%C5%A1umama_i_gorama" class="mw-redirect" title="Po šumama i gorama">Po šumama i gorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_persecution_of_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II persecution of Serbs">World War II persecution of Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_World_War_II_monuments_and_memorials" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials">Yugoslav World War II monuments and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_Memorial_Cemetery_in_Mostar" title="Partisan Memorial Cemetery in Mostar">Partisan Memorial Cemetery in Mostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_cemetery_in_Livno" title="Partisan cemetery in Livno">Partisan cemetery in Livno</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: Partizani, Партизани </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV i POJ), Народноослободилачка војска и партизански одреди Југославије (НОВ и ПОЈ); <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: Народноослободителна војска и партизански одреди на Југославија (НОВ и ПОЈ); <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: Narodnoosvobodilna vojska in partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOV in POJ) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: Народноослободителна војска (НОВ); <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: Narodnoosvobodilna vojska (NOV) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: Narodnooslobodilački partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOPOJ), Народноослободилачки партизански одреди Југославије (НОПОЈ); <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: Народноослободителни партизански одреди на Југославија (НПОЈ); <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: Narodnoosvobodilni partizanski odredi Jugoslavije (NOPOJ) </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: Narodnooslobodilačka partizanska i dobrovoljačka vojska Jugoslavije (NOP i DVJ), Народноослободилачка партизанска и добровољачка војска Југославије (НОП и ДВЈ); <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: Народноослободителна партизанска и волонтерска војска на Југославија (НОП и ВВЈ); <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: Narodnoosvobodilna partizanska in prostovoljna vojska Jugoslavije (NOP in PVJ) </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: Jugoslavenska armija (JA), Југословенска армија (ЈА); <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>: Југословенска армија (ЈА); <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: Jugoslovanska Armada (JA) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Third Axis Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945, by Mark Axworthy, Cornel Scafeş and Cristian Crăciunoiu, page 159 </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharon_Fisher_2006,_p._27-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sharon_Fisher_2006,_p._27_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharon_Fisher_2006,_p._27_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFisher2006" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Sharon (2006). Political change in post-Communist Slovakia and Croatia: from nationalist to Europeanist. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-7286-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-7286-6"><bdi>978-1-4039-7286-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+change+in+post-Communist+Slovakia+and+Croatia%3A+from+nationalist+to+Europeanist&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-7286-6&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howard_Jones_1997,_p._67-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Howard_Jones_1997,_p._67_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones1997" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Howard (1997). A new kind of war: America's global strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511385-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511385-3"><bdi>978-0-19-511385-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+new+kind+of+war%3A+America%27s+global+strategy+and+the+Truman+Doctrine+in+Greece&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-511385-3&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dennis_P._Hupchick_2004,_p._374-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Dennis_P._Hupchick_2004,_p._374_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHupchick2004" class="citation book cs1">Hupchick, Dennis P. (2004). The Balkans: from Constantinople to communism. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-6417-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-6417-5"><bdi>978-1-4039-6417-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkans%3A+from+Constantinople+to+communism&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-6417-5&rft.aulast=Hupchick&rft.aufirst=Dennis+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-J._Barkley_Rosser_Jr._2004,_p._397-5"><a href="#cite_ref-J._Barkley_Rosser_Jr._2004,_p._397_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosserMarina_V._Rosser2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Barkley_Rosser_Jr." title="J. 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Comparative economics in a transforming world economy. <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. p. 397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-18234-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-18234-8"><bdi>978-0-262-18234-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+economics+in+a+transforming+world+economy&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-262-18234-8&rft.aulast=Rosser&rft.aufirst=John+Barkley&rft.au=Marina+V.+Rosser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christopher_Chant_1986,_p._109-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Chant_1986,_p._109_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChant1986" class="citation book cs1">Chant, Christopher (1986). The encyclopedia of codenames of World War II. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7102-0718-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7102-0718-0"><bdi>978-0-7102-0718-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+codenames+of+World+War+II&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-7102-0718-0&rft.aulast=Chant&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Proglas-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Proglas_7-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.znaci.org/00001/4_1_2_2.htm">PROGLAS POKRAJINSKOG KOMITETA KPJ ZA SRBIJU</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Novj-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Novj_8-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.znaci.org/00001/4_1_2_3.htm">PROGLAS POKRAJINSKOG KOMITETA KPJ ZA VOJVODINU</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dokument-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Dokument_9-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.znaci.org/00001/4_1_2_5.htm">PROGLAS OKRUŽNOG KOMITETA KPJ ZA KRAGUJEVAC</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_-_History_-_World_Wars:_Partisans:_War_in_the_Balkans_1941_-_1945-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_-_History_-_World_Wars:_Partisans:_War_in_the_Balkans_1941_-_1945_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_-_History_-_World_Wars:_Partisans:_War_in_the_Balkans_1941_-_1945_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml">"Partisans: War in the Balkans 1941–1945"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128065207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partisans%3A+War+in+the+Balkans+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fworldwars%2Fwwtwo%2Fpartisan_fighters_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-curtis-12"><a href="#cite_ref-curtis_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurtis1992" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Glenn E. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yugoslaviacountr00curt/page/39">Yugoslavia: A Country Study</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yugoslaviacountr00curt/page/39">39</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-0735-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8444-0735-7"><bdi>978-0-8444-0735-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8444-0735-7&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Glenn+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyugoslaviacountr00curt%2Fpage%2F39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrifunovska1994" class="citation book cs1">Trifunovska, Snežana (1994). Yugoslavia Through Documents:From Its Creation to Its Dissolution. <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus Nijhoff Publishers">Martinus Nijhoff Publishers</a>. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-2670-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-2670-0"><bdi>978-0-7923-2670-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia+Through+Documents%3AFrom+Its+Creation+to+Its+Dissolution&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-2670-0&rft.aulast=Trifunovska&rft.aufirst=Sne%C5%BEana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dennison_I._Rusinow_1978,_p._2-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dennison_I._Rusinow_1978,_p._2_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dennison_I._Rusinow_1978,_p._2_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRusinow1978" class="citation book cs1">Rusinow, Dennison I. (1978). The Yugoslav experiment 1948–1974. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03730-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03730-4"><bdi>978-0-520-03730-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yugoslav+experiment+1948%E2%80%931974&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-520-03730-4&rft.aulast=Rusinow&rft.aufirst=Dennison+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JJR2013_OxfordPress-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JJR2013_OxfordPress_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JJR2013_OxfordPress_17-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhodri_Jeffreys-Jones" title="Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones">Jeffreys-Jones, R.</a> (2013): In Spies We Trust: The Story of Western Intelligence, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199580972" title="Special:BookSources/9780199580972">9780199580972</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3gK7e8LpXvcC&pg=PA87">p. 87</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-AS_2005-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AS_2005_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AS_2005_18-1">b</a> Adams, Simon (2005): The Balkans, Black Rabbit Books, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781583406038" title="Special:BookSources/9781583406038">9781583406038</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cmm4J2Ug4o8C&pg=PA1981">p. 1981</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Partisan-Yugoslavian-military-force">"Partisan | Yugoslavian military force"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Partisan+%7C+Yugoslavian+military+force&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FPartisan-Yugoslavian-military-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBatinić2015" class="citation book cs1">Batinić, Jelena (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1KVwCQAAQBAJ">Women and Yugoslav Partisans: A History of World War II Resistance</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1107091078" title="Special:BookSources/978-1107091078"><bdi>978-1107091078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Yugoslav+Partisans%3A+A+History+of+World+War+II+Resistance&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1107091078&rft.aulast=Batini%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Jelena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1KVwCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_1_2htm_1.2_Contact]-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_1_2htm_1.2_Contact]_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavidson1946">Davidson 1946</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/3_1_2.htm">1.2 Contact</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200196-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200196_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197530–31-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197530–31_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMilazzo1975">Milazzo 1975</a>, pp. 30–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197348-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts197348_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1973">Roberts 1973</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975166–178-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975166–178_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 166–178. </li> <li id="cite_note-Banac_1996_p143-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Banac_1996_p143_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBanac1996">Banac 1996</a>, p. 43: "From the summer of 1941, the Chetniks increasingly gained control over Serb insurgents and carried out gruesome crimes against Muslims of eastern Bosnia-Herzegovina. Massacres of Muslims, usually by cutting the throats of the victims and tossing the bodies into various water-ways, occurred especially in eastern Bosnia, in Foča, Goražde, Čajniče, Rogatica, Višegrad, Vlasenica, Srebrenica, all in the basin of the Drina river, but also in eastern Herzegovina, where individual villages resisted Serb encirclement with ferocious determination until 1942. Chetnik documents – for example the minutes of the Chetnik conference in Javorine, district of Kotor Varoš, in June 1942 – speak of a determination to 'cleanse Bosnia of everything that is not Serb'. It is difficult to estimate the number of Muslim victims of this original ethnic cleansing, but it can be counted in the tens of thousands." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHirsch200276-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHirsch200276_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHirsch2002">Hirsch 2002</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulaj200871-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMulaj200871_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMulaj2008">Mulaj 2008</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVelikonja2003166-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVelikonja2003166_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVelikonja2003">Velikonja 2003</a>, p. 166. </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinson1996-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pinson1996_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pinson1996_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMark_Pinson1996" class="citation book cs1">Mark Pinson (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yl3TAkJmztYC&pg=PA143">The Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina: Their Historic Development from the Middle Ages to the Dissolution of Yugoslavia</a>. Harvard CMES. pp. 143, 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-932885-12-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-932885-12-8"><bdi>978-0-932885-12-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslims+of+Bosnia-Herzegovina%3A+Their+Historic+Development+from+the+Middle+Ages+to+the+Dissolution+of+Yugoslavia&rft.pages=143%2C+144&rft.pub=Harvard+CMES&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-932885-12-8&rft.au=Mark+Pinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYl3TAkJmztYC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-perica-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-perica_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-perica_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerica2004" class="citation book cs1">Perica, Vjekoslav (2004). Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517429-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517429-8"><bdi>978-0-19-517429-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Idols%3A+Religion+and+Nationalism+in+Yugoslav+States&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-517429-8&rft.aulast=Perica&rft.aufirst=Vjekoslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197564–70-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197564–70_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 64–70. </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica2-36"><a href="#cite_ref-britannica2_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-1413183/Independent-State-of-Croatia">"Independent State of Croatia"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080412145432/http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-1413183/Independent-State-of-Croatia">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independent+State+of+Croatia&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Ftopic-1413183%2FIndependent-State-of-Croatia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKroenerMüllerUmbreit200094-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKroenerMüllerUmbreit200094_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKroenerMüllerUmbreit2000">Kroener, Müller & Umbreit 2000</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200178-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200178_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 78. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200161–63-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich200161–63_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, pp. 61–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/COM/380-600054?OpenDocument">"Commentary on Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Part III Status and treatment of protected persons, Section III, Occupied territories, Article 47 Inviolability of Rights"</a>. International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva. 1952. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107185619/http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/COM/380-600054?OpenDocument">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commentary+on+Convention+%28IV%29+relative+to+the+Protection+of+Civilian+Persons+in+Time+of+War%2C+Part+III+Status+and+treatment+of+protected+persons%2C+Section+III%2C+Occupied+territories%2C+Article+47+Inviolability+of+Rights&rft.pub=International+Committee+of+the+Red+Cross%2C+Geneva&rft.date=1952&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2Fihl.nsf%2FCOM%2F380-600054%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlenny1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Misha_Glenny" title="Misha Glenny">Glenny, Misha</a> (1999). 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Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peasant+Nationalism+and+Communist+Power&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Chalmers+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeloff2019" class="citation book cs1">Beloff, Nora (2019). Tito's Flawed Legacy: Yugoslavia and the West since 1939. New York: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%27s+Flawed+Legacy%3A+Yugoslavia+and+the+West+since+1939&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Beloff&rft.aufirst=Nora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwain1989" class="citation journal cs1">Swain, Geoffrey R. (1989). "Tito: The Formation of a Disloyal Bolshevik". International Review of Social History. 34 (2): 249, 261. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020859000009251">10.1017/S0020859000009251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+Social+History&rft.atitle=Tito%3A+The+Formation+of+a+Disloyal+Bolshevik&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=249%2C+261&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020859000009251&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999140-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999140_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldstein1999">Goldstein 1999</a>, p. 140. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Davor Marijan, The May Deliberations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2003, pp. 325–331, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/953-6324-35-0" title="Special:BookSources/953-6324-35-0">953-6324-35-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-higgins-48"><a href="#cite_ref-higgins_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHiggins1966" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Trumbull (1966). Hitler and Russia. The Macmillan Company. pp. 11–59, 98–151.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler+and+Russia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E59%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E151&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Trumbull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cohen94-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cohen94_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cohen94_49-1">b</a> <a href="#refCohen1996">Cohen 1996</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovačVojnović1976367–372-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovačVojnović1976367–372_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKovačVojnović1976">Kovač & Vojnović 1976</a>, pp. 367–372. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKvesić1960135–145-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKvesić1960135–145_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKvesić1960">Kvesić 1960</a>, pp. 135–145. </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen_95-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_95_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_95_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_95_52-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_95_52-3">d</a> <a href="#refCohen1996">Cohen 1996</a>, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="#refJudah2000">Judah 2000</a>, p. 119. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001506-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001506_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001506_54-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 506. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001412-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001412_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 412. </li> <li id="cite_note-Alonso&Kramer-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alonso&Kramer_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alonso&Kramer_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlonsoKramer2019" class="citation book cs1">Alonso, Miguel; Kramer, Alan (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XXfADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA253">Fascist Warfare, 1922–1945: Aggression, Occupation, Annihilation</a>. Springer Nature. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03027-648-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-03027-648-5"><bdi>978-3-03027-648-5</bdi></a>. <q>Through ethnic cleansing, the Ustasha Corps and the irregular 'wild Ustashe' groups murdered over 100,000 Serbs in the countryside by the end of summer 1941. The pogroms of the 'wild Ustashe' were the main cause for the eruption of large-scale rebellion against the Ustasha regime.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascist+Warfare%2C+1922%E2%80%931945%3A+Aggression%2C+Occupation%2C+Annihilation&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-3-03027-648-5&rft.aulast=Alonso&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft.au=Kramer%2C+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXXfADwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoare2013" class="citation book cs1">Hoare, Marko Attila (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M4poAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA10">The Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19936-543-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19936-543-2"><bdi>978-0-19936-543-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bosnian+Muslims+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19936-543-2&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM4poAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRedžićDonia2004" class="citation book cs1">Redžić, Enver; Donia, Robert (2004). Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War. Routledge. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1135767351" title="Special:BookSources/1135767351"><bdi>1135767351</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnia+and+Herzegovina+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1135767351&rft.aulast=Red%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Enver&rft.au=Donia%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldstein-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2013" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Slavko (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tPCrbVJNvWUC&pg=PA158">1941: The Year That Keeps Returning</a>. New York Review of Books. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59017-700-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59017-700-6"><bdi>978-1-59017-700-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1941%3A+The+Year+That+Keeps+Returning&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-59017-700-6&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Slavko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtPCrbVJNvWUC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramet2006-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Ramet2006_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&pg=PA152">The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</a>. Indiana University Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>. <q>In 1941 Partisans had some 55,000 fighters in Serbia and Montenegro, but barely 4,500 Partisans had escaped to Bosnia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-time-61"><a href="#cite_ref-time_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090901165133/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,885272,00.html">"Foreign News: Partisan Boom"</a>. Time. 3 January 1944. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,885272,00.html">the original</a> on 1 September 2009. Retrieved 15 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Foreign+News%3A+Partisan+Boom&rft.date=1944-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C885272%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHart" class="citation web cs1">Hart, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml#two">"BBC History"</a>. Partisans: War in the Balkans 1941 – 1945. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110128112138/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/partisan_fighters_01.shtml#two">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Partisans%3A+War+in+the+Balkans+1941+%E2%80%93+1945&rft.atitle=BBC+History&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fworldwars%2Fwwtwo%2Fpartisan_fighters_01.shtml%23two&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <a href="#refCohen1996">Cohen 1996</a>, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_1_0htm_1.0_Introduction]-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_1_0htm_1.0_Introduction]_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavidson1946">Davidson 1946</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/3_1_0.htm">1.0 Introduction</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197337-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts197337_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1973">Roberts 1973</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975151–155-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975151–155_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 151–155. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197355-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts197355_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1973">Roberts 1973</a>, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts197356–57-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts197356–57_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1973">Roberts 1973</a>, pp. 56–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1973100–103-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1973100–103_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1973">Roberts 1973</a>, pp. 100–103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_2_8htm_2.8_The_Sixth_Offensive]-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_2_8htm_2.8_The_Sixth_Offensive]_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_2_8htm_2.8_The_Sixth_Offensive]_70-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavidson1946">Davidson 1946</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/3_2_8.htm">2.8 The Sixth Offensive</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1946174-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin1946174_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1946">Martin 1946</a>, p. 174. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin1946175-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin1946175_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1946">Martin 1946</a>, p. 175. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarnett2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Barnett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neil Barnett (page does not exist)">Barnett, Neil</a> (2006). Tito. London: Haus Publishing. pp. 65–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904950-31-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904950-31-8"><bdi>978-1-904950-31-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.pub=Haus+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-904950-31-8&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1993" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Martin (1993). The Churchill War Papers: The ever-widening war, 1941. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 490.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Churchill+War+Papers%3A+The+ever-widening+war%2C+1941&rft.pages=490&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin194634-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin194634_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin1946">Martin 1946</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Walter R. Roberts, Tito, Mihailović, and the Allies Duke University Press, 1987; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-0773-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-0773-1">0-8223-0773-1</a>, p. 165 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_4_2htm_4.2_Course_of_the_War]-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1946[httpsznaciorg000013_4_2htm_4.2_Course_of_the_War]_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDavidson1946">Davidson 1946</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/3_4_2.htm">4.2 Course of the War</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1973319-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1973319_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1973">Roberts 1973</a>, p. 319. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetranović1992-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetranović1992_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetranović1992">Petranović 1992</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTalpo,_Oddone1994" class="citation web cs1">Talpo, Oddone (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/rivista.militare1/docs/dalmazia-1943-44-1-parte-singola-testo">"Dalmazia: Una cronaca per la Storia 1943–1944 Parte I"</a>. Ufficio Storico SME. p. 357. Retrieved 4 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dalmazia%3A+Una+cronaca+per+la+Storia+1943%E2%80%931944+Parte+I&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=Ufficio+Storico+SME&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Talpo%2C+Oddone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Frivista.militare1%2Fdocs%2Fdalmazia-1943-44-1-parte-singola-testo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-donlagic-81"><a href="#cite_ref-donlagic_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFĐonlagićAtanackovićPlenča1967" class="citation book cs1">Đonlagić, Ahmet; Atanacković, Žarko; Plenča, Dušan (1967). Yugoslavia in the Second World War. 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Retrieved 5 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vecernji.hr&rft.atitle=Bitka+na+Sutjesci+bila+je+%27hrvatska+bitka%27.+Tu+je+poginulo+3000+Dalmatinaca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vecernji.hr%2Fpremium%2Fbitka-na-sutjesci-partizanski-pokret-komunisticka-partija-luka-bebic-tvrtko-jakovina-1184327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> Institut za historiju radničkog pokreta Hrvatske (Institute for the History of the Croatian Workers' Movement) (1982) Zbornik sjećanja Zagreb 1941–1945 (Speech by President Tito on the occasion of the handover of the Order of the People's Hero to Zagreb, "Borba", September 1975) p. 6; <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://znaci.org/00001/126.pdf">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Nikola Anić; (1985) Oružane snage NOP-a Hrvatske u vrijeme njezina oslobođenja potkraj 1944. i na početku 1945. godine pp. 103–104, 136–138; Vojno istorijski institut (Military History Institute), Beograd, Časopis za suvremenu povijest, Vol. 17, No. 1, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/215773">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnićJoksimovićGutić198225–27-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnićJoksimovićGutić198225–27_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnićJoksimovićGutić1982">Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982</a>, pp. 25–27. </li> <li id="cite_note-anubih.ba-Hoare-123"><a href="#cite_ref-anubih.ba-Hoare_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarko_Attila_Hoare" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marko_Attila_Hoare" title="Marko Attila Hoare">Marko Attila Hoare</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.anubih.ba/bitstream/handle/123456789/52/Zbornik%20ZAVNOBiH%20sve%2015-04-2019-4-115-130.pdf?sequence=7&isAllowed=y">"The Great Serbian threat, ZAVNOBiH and Muslim Bosniak entry into the People's Liberation Movement"</a> (PDF). anubih.ba. Posebna izdanja ANUBiH. p. 122. Retrieved 21 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anubih.ba&rft.atitle=The+Great+Serbian+threat%2C+ZAVNOBiH+and+Muslim+Bosniak+entry+into+the+People%27s+Liberation+Movement&rft.pages=122&rft.au=Marko+Attila+Hoare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.anubih.ba%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F52%2FZbornik%2520ZAVNOBiH%2520sve%252015-04-2019-4-115-130.pdf%3Fsequence%3D7%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Milan Radanović; (2015) Kazna i zločin: Snage kolaboracije u Srbiji: odgovornost za ratne zločine (1941–1944) i vojni gubici(in Serbian) p. 205, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8688745153" title="Special:BookSources/8688745153">8688745153</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare20026-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare20026_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoare2002">Hoare 2002</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnićJoksimovićGutić1982369–378-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnićJoksimovićGutić1982369–378_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnićJoksimovićGutić1982">Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982</a>, pp. 369–378. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Gregor Joseph Kranjc (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Walk-Devil-Collaboration-Occupation-1941-1945/dp/1442613300/ref=sr_1_1/180-8718746-1176833?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1378491455&sr=1-1&keywords=1442613300#reader_1442613300">To Walk with the Devil</a>, University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division, p. 5 (introduction) </li> <li id="cite_note-Slovene_History-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Slovene_History_128-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sistory.si/publikacije/prenos/?urn=SISTORY:ID:2250">Štih, P.; Simoniti, V.; Vodopivec, P. (2008) A Slovene History: Society, politics, culture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020172003/http://sistory.si/publikacije/prenos/?urn=SISTORY:ID:2250">Archived</a> 20 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino. Ljubljana, p. 426. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGowCarmichael201048-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGowCarmichael201048_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGowCarmichael2010">Gow & Carmichael 2010</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVukšić200321-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVukšić200321_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVukšić2003">Vukšić 2003</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart200615-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart200615_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStewart2006">Stewart 2006</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičZagar2004167–168-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičZagar2004167–168_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlemenčičZagar2004">Klemenčič & Zagar 2004</a>, pp. 167–168. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2017) The Balkans: A Post-Communist History p. 191; Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13458-328-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13458-328-7">978-1-13458-328-7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeary199534-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeary199534_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeary1995">Leary 1995</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001115-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001115_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMason1954[httpswebarchiveorgweb20181006052844httpnzetcvictoriaacnztmscholarlytei-WH2Pris-_N95868htmln383_383]-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMason1954[httpswebarchiveorgweb20181006052844httpnzetcvictoriaacnztmscholarlytei-WH2Pris-_N95868htmln383_383]_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMason1954[httpswebarchiveorgweb20181006052844httpnzetcvictoriaacnztmscholarlytei-WH2Pris-_N95868htmln383_383]_136-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMason1954">Mason 1954</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006052844/http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz//tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Pris-_N95868.html#n383">383</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJonassohnBjörnson1998">Jonassohn & Björnson 1998</a>, p. 285: "There is no doubt that Partisans participated in the massacre of civilians during and after the war" </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatkovich2017" class="citation book cs1">Matkovich, Blanka (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JrU4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34">Croatia and Slovenia at the End and After the Second World War (1944–1945): Mass Crimes and Human Rights Violations Committed by the Communist Regime</a>. BrownWalker Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62734-691-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62734-691-7"><bdi>978-1-62734-691-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia+and+Slovenia+at+the+End+and+After+the+Second+World+War+%281944%E2%80%931945%29%3A+Mass+Crimes+and+Human+Rights+Violations+Committed+by+the+Communist+Regime&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=BrownWalker+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-62734-691-7&rft.aulast=Matkovich&rft.aufirst=Blanka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJrU4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2006106–108-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2006106–108_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoare2006">Hoare 2006</a>, pp. 106–108. </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-140"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoore2022" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Bob (5 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/43087">Prisoners of War: Europe: 1939-1956</a>. 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Kozina.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kozina.com/premik/indexeng_porocilo.htm">the original</a> on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slovene-Italian+historical+commission&rft.pub=Kozina.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kozina.com%2Fpremik%2Findexeng_porocilo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatuska1991-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatuska1991_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMatuska1991">Matuska 1991</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001737-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001737_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 737. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2002_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMacDonald2002">MacDonald 2002</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ranks-145">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ranks_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ranks_145-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ranks_145-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ranks_145-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ranks_145-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ranks_145-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomasAbbott1983" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Nigel; Abbott, Peter (1983). 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Texas A&M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89096-760-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89096-760-7"><bdi>978-0-89096-760-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbia%27s+Secret+War%3A+Propaganda+and+the+Deceit+of+History&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-89096-760-7&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rft.au=Riesman%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fserbiassecretwar0000cohe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1946" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Basil_Davidson" title="Basil Davidson">Davidson, Basil</a> (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/3.htm">Partisan Picture</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bedford_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedford Books">Bedford Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0900406003" title="Special:BookSources/0900406003"><bdi>0900406003</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2019137">2019137</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partisan+Picture&rft.pub=Bedford+Books&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2019137&rft.isbn=0900406003&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Basil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDedijer1980" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dedijer, Vladimir (1980). Novi prilozi za biografiju Josipa Broza Tita (in Croatian). Zagreb: Mladost. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8046985">8046985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Novi+prilozi+za+biografiju+Josipa+Broza+Tita&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pub=Mladost&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8046985&rft.aulast=Dedijer&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGowCarmichael2010" class="citation book cs1">Gow, James; Carmichael, Cathie (2010) [2000]. Slovenia and the Slovenes : a small state and the new Europe. London: Hurst & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-944-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-944-0"><bdi>978-1-85065-944-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/696720605">696720605</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovenia+and+the+Slovenes+%3A+a+small+state+and+the+new+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Company&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F696720605&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-944-0&rft.aulast=Gow&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Carmichael%2C+Cathie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Haskin_2006" class="citation book cs1">Haskin, Jeanne M. (2006). Bosnia And Beyond: The "Quiet" Revolution That Wouldn't Go Quietly. Algora Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-429-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-429-7"><bdi>978-0-87586-429-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnia+And+Beyond%3A+The+%22Quiet%22+Revolution+That+Wouldn%27t+Go+Quietly&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-87586-429-7&rft.aulast=Haskin&rft.aufirst=Jeanne+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHirsch2002" class="citation book cs1">Hirsch, Herbert (2002). Anti-Genocide: Building an American Movement to Prevent Genocide. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97676-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-97676-7"><bdi>978-0-275-97676-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anti-Genocide%3A+Building+an+American+Movement+to+Prevent+Genocide&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-275-97676-7&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoare2002" class="citation journal cs1">Hoare, Marko Attila (2002). "Whose is the partisan movement? Serbs, Croats and the legacy of a shared resistance". The Journal of Slavic Military Studies. 15 (4). Informa UK Limited: 24–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13518040208430537">10.1080/13518040208430537</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1351-8046">1351-8046</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145127681">145127681</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Slavic+Military+Studies&rft.atitle=Whose+is+the+partisan+movement%3F+Serbs%2C+Croats+and+the+legacy+of+a+shared+resistance&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145127681%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1351-8046&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13518040208430537&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoare2006" class="citation book cs1">Hoare, Marko Attila (2006). Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726380-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726380-8"><bdi>978-0-19-726380-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+and+Resistance+in+Hitler%27s+Bosnia%3A+The+Partisans+and+the+Chetniks&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-726380-8&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoare2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marko_Attila_Hoare" title="Marko Attila Hoare">Hoare, Marko Attila</a> (2011). "The Partisans and the Serbs". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (eds.). Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 201–224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-23034-781-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-23034-781-6"><bdi>978-0-23034-781-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Partisans+and+the+Serbs&rft.btitle=Serbia+and+the+Serbs+in+World+War+Two&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E201-%3C%2Fspan%3E224&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-23034-781-6&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJancar-Webster1990" class="citation book cs1">Jancar-Webster, Barbara (1990). Women & Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945. Denver: Arden Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912869-09-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912869-09-4"><bdi>978-0-912869-09-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19553066">19553066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+%26+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Denver&rft.pub=Arden+Press&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19553066&rft.isbn=978-0-912869-09-4&rft.aulast=Jancar-Webster&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJonassohnBjörnson1998" class="citation book cs1">Jonassohn, Kurt; Björnson, Karin Solveig (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jIxCUXI38zcC&pg=PA285">Genocide and Gross Human Rights Violations: In Comparative Perspective</a>. Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-2445-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-2445-3"><bdi>978-1-4128-2445-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47008422">47008422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+and+Gross+Human+Rights+Violations%3A+In+Comparative+Perspective&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47008422&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-2445-3&rft.aulast=Jonassohn&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rnson%2C+Karin+Solveig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjIxCUXI38zcC%26pg%3DPA285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Judah_2000" class="citation book cs1">Judah, Tim (2000). The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08507-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08507-5"><bdi>978-0-300-08507-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs%3A+History%2C+Myth+and+the+Destruction+of+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08507-5&rft.aulast=Judah&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlemenčičZagar2004" class="citation book cs1">Klemenčič, Matjaž; Zagar, Mitja (2004). "Histories of the Individual Yugoslav Nations". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/formeryugoslavia0000klem">The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples : a reference sourcebook</a>. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849723152" title="Special:BookSources/9781849723152"><bdi>9781849723152</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/436851074">436851074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Histories+of+the+Individual+Yugoslav+Nations&rft.btitle=The+former+Yugoslavia%27s+diverse+peoples+%3A+a+reference+sourcebook&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F436851074&rft.isbn=9781849723152&rft.aulast=Klemen%C4%8Di%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Matja%C5%BE&rft.au=Zagar%2C+Mitja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fformeryugoslavia0000klem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKovačVojnović1976" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kovač, Tatjana; Vojnović, Mijo (1976). U Spomen Revoluciji [In Commemoration of the Revolution] (in Croatian). Split: Institut za Historiju Radnickog Pokreta Dalmacije. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/442814475">442814475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U+Spomen+Revoluciji&rft.place=Split&rft.pub=Institut+za+Historiju+Radnickog+Pokreta+Dalmacije&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F442814475&rft.aulast=Kova%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Tatjana&rft.au=Vojnovi%C4%87%2C+Mijo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKroenerMüllerUmbreit2000" class="citation book cs1">Kroener, Bernard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans, eds. (2000). Germany and the Second World War, Volume 5: Organization and Mobilization of the German Sphere of Power. Part I. Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources 1939–1941. Vol. 5. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822887-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822887-5"><bdi>978-0-19-822887-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+and+the+Second+World+War%2C+Volume+5%3A+Organization+and+Mobilization+of+the+German+Sphere+of+Power.+Part+I.+Wartime+Administration%2C+Economy%2C+and+Manpower+Resources+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-822887-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKvesić1960" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kvesić, Sibe (1960). Dalmacija u Narodnooslobodilackoj Borbi [Dalmatia in the National Liberation Struggle] (in Croatian). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/440318980">440318980</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dalmacija+u+Narodnooslobodilackoj+Borbi&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F440318980&rft.aulast=Kvesi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sibe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeary1995" class="citation book cs1">Leary, William M (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo67753">Fueling the fires of resistance : Army Air Forces special operations in the Balkans during World War II</a>. Air Force History and Museums Program. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/605026973">605026973</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fueling+the+fires+of+resistance+%3A+Army+Air+Forces+special+operations+in+the+Balkans+during+World+War+II&rft.pub=Air+Force+History+and+Museums+Program&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F605026973&rft.aulast=Leary&rft.aufirst=William+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.fdlp.gov%2FGPO%2Fgpo67753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2002" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, David Bruce (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/81b82815-8f4d-43da-a3c4-a9560e49eba4/341321.pdf">Balkan holocausts? : Serbian and Croatian victim-centred propaganda and the war in Yugoslavia</a> (PDF). Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5261-3725-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5261-3725-8"><bdi>978-1-5261-3725-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jbrm">j.ctt155jbrm</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1125885327">1125885327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+holocausts%3F+%3A+Serbian+and+Croatian+victim-centred+propaganda+and+the+war+in+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1125885327&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt155jbrm%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-5261-3725-8&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=David+Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.oapen.org%2Fbitstream%2Fid%2F81b82815-8f4d-43da-a3c4-a9560e49eba4%2F341321.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMason1954" class="citation book cs1">Mason, W. Wynne (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407200723/https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Pris.html">Prisoners of War : official history of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939-45</a>. War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1016831078">1016831078</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Pris.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prisoners+of+War+%3A+official+history+of+New+Zealand+in+the+Second+World+War+1939-45&rft.pub=War+History+Branch%2C+Department+of+Internal+Affairs&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1016831078&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=W.+Wynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-WH2Pris.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin1946" class="citation book cs1">Martin, David (1946). Ally betrayed, the uncensored story of Tito and Mihailovich. New York: Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-2585-0874-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-2585-0874-6"><bdi>978-1-2585-0874-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ally+betrayed%2C+the+uncensored+story+of+Tito+and+Mihailovich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1946&rft.isbn=978-1-2585-0874-6&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatuska1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Matuska, Márton (1991). A megtorlás napjai : ahogy az emlékezet megőrizte [Days of Revenge: As Preserved by Memory] (in Hungarian). Újvidék: Forum Magyar Szo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-323-0312-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-323-0312-6"><bdi>978-86-323-0312-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27642440">27642440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+megtorl%C3%A1s+napjai+%3A+ahogy+az+eml%C3%A9kezet+meg%C5%91rizte&rft.place=%C3%9Ajvid%C3%A9k&rft.pub=Forum+Magyar+Szo&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27642440&rft.isbn=978-86-323-0312-6&rft.aulast=Matuska&rft.aufirst=M%C3%A1rton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMilazzo1975" class="citation book cs1">Milazzo, Matteo J. (1975). The Chetnik Movement & the Yugoslav Resistance. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-1589-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chetnik+Movement+%26+the+Yugoslav+Resistance&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-1589-8&rft.aulast=Milazzo&rft.aufirst=Matteo+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMulaj2008" class="citation book cs1">Mulaj, Klejda (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C21t6bdyv3cC">Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: Nation-State Building and Provision of In/Security in Twentieth-Century Balkans</a>. Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739117828" title="Special:BookSources/9780739117828"><bdi>9780739117828</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+of+Ethnic+Cleansing%3A+Nation-State+Building+and+Provision+of+In%2FSecurity+in+Twentieth-Century+Balkans&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780739117828&rft.aulast=Mulaj&rft.aufirst=Klejda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC21t6bdyv3cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetranović1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petranović, Branko (1992). Srbija u Drugom Svetskom Ratu : 1939–1945 [Serbia in World War II: 1939–1945] (in Serbian). Vojnoizdavacki i novinski centar. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/454984864">454984864</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Srbija+u+Drugom+Svetskom+Ratu+%3A+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Vojnoizdavacki+i+novinski+centar&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F454984864&rft.aulast=Petranovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Branko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="refRamet2006" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2004. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-01629-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-01629-0"><bdi>978-0-271-01629-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932004&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-271-01629-0&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1973" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Walter R. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43CbLU8FgFsC">Tito, Mihailović and the Allies 1941–1945</a>. Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0822307731" title="Special:BookSources/0822307731"><bdi>0822307731</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%2C+Mihailovi%C4%87+and+the+Allies+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0822307731&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D43CbLU8FgFsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStewart2006" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, James (2006). Slovenia. London: Cadogan Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86011-336-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86011-336-9"><bdi>978-1-86011-336-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65204021">65204021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovenia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cadogan+Guides&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65204021&rft.isbn=978-1-86011-336-9&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1975" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoCaAAAAIAAJ">War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks</a>. Vol. 1. San Francisco: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-0857-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Chetniks&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0857-9&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoCaAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Vol. 2. San Francisco: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-3615-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3615-2&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVelikonja2003" class="citation book cs1">Velikonja, Mitja (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religiousseparat0000veli">Religious separation and political intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina</a>. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-226-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58544-226-3"><bdi>978-1-58544-226-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+separation+and+political+intolerance+in+Bosnia-Herzegovina&rft.place=College+Station&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58544-226-3&rft.aulast=Velikonja&rft.aufirst=Mitja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligiousseparat0000veli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVukšić2003" class="citation book cs1">Vukšić, Velimir (2003). Tito's partisans 1941–45. Oxford: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841766751" title="Special:BookSources/9781841766751"><bdi>9781841766751</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51992441">51992441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%27s+partisans+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51992441&rft.isbn=9781841766751&rft.aulast=Vuk%C5%A1i%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Velimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Goldstein, Ivo</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C">Croatia: A History</a>. London: C. Hurst & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-525-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-525-1"><bdi>978-1-85065-525-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia%3A+A+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-525-1&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpSxJdE4MYo4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Hoare_2013" class="citation book cs1">Hoare, Marko Attila (2013). The Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War: A History. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199327850" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199327850"><bdi>978-0199327850</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bosnian+Muslims+in+the+Second+World+War%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0199327850&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBokovoy1998" class="citation book cs1">Bokovoy, Melissa (1998). Peasants and Communists: Politics and Ideology in the Yugoslav Countryside. University of Pittsburgh Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-4061-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-4061-6"><bdi>978-0-8229-4061-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peasants+and+Communists%3A+Politics+and+Ideology+in+the+Yugoslav+Countryside&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8229-4061-6&rft.aulast=Bokovoy&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1946" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Alec, ed. (November 1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.185585/2015.185585.The-Slavonic-Reviewvol64#page/n179/mode/2up">"Diaries from Yugoslav Liberation"</a>. The Slavonic and East European Review. 25 (64): 181–205. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4203806">4203806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavonic+and+East+European+Review&rft.atitle=Diaries+from+Yugoslav+Liberation&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=64&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E205&rft.date=1946-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4203806%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.185585%2F2015.185585.The-Slavonic-Reviewvol64%23page%2Fn179%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIrvine1992" class="citation book cs1">Irvine, Jill (1992). The Croat Question: Partisan Politics in the Formation of the Yugoslav Socialist State. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8542-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-8542-6"><bdi>978-0-8133-8542-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Croat+Question%3A+Partisan+Politics+in+the+Formation+of+the+Yugoslav+Socialist+State&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-8542-6&rft.aulast=Irvine&rft.aufirst=Jill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJakiša2015" class="citation book cs1">Jakiša, Miranda (2015). Partisans in Yugoslavia. Literature, Film and Visual Culture. transcript Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8376-2522-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8376-2522-6"><bdi>978-3-8376-2522-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partisans+in+Yugoslavia.+Literature%2C+Film+and+Visual+Culture&rft.pub=transcript+Verlag&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-8376-2522-6&rft.aulast=Jaki%C5%A1a&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+Partisans" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Partisans&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220729025721/https://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/balkan/intro.htm">The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941)</a> reprinted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Resistance in Yugoslavia during Second World War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Resistance_in_Yugoslavia_during_Second_World_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Resistance in Yugoslavia during Second World War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Resistance_in_Yugoslavia1725" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Partisans472"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Partisans</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Partisan commanders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arso_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Arso Jovanović">Arso Jovanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetozar_Vukmanovi%C4%87" title="Svetozar Vukmanović">Svetozar Vukmanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosta_Na%C4%91" title="Kosta Nađ">Kosta Nađ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peko_Dap%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Peko Dapčević">Peko Dapčević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da_Popovi%C4%87" title="Koča Popović">Koča Popović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Drap%C5%A1in" title="Petar Drapšin">Petar Drapšin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Rankovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Ranković">Aleksandar Ranković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milovan_%C4%90ilas" class="mw-redirect" title="Milovan Đilas">Milovan Đilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sava_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87" title="Sava Kovačević">Sava Kovačević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Go%C5%A1njak" title="Ivan Gošnjak">Ivan Gošnjak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div id="Chetniks_(marginal_resistance)277"><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a> (marginal resistance)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Chetnik commanders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a> (marginal resistance)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yugoslav_Partisans_military_units229" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslav_Partisans_military_units" title="Template:Yugoslav Partisans military units"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslav_Partisans_military_units" title="Template talk:Yugoslav Partisans military units"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslav_Partisans_military_units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslav Partisans military units"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yugoslav_Partisans_military_units229" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslav Partisans</a> military units</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="1st Army (Yugoslav Partisans)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="2nd Army (Yugoslav Partisans)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Army_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="3rd Army (Yugoslav Partisans)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Army_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="4th Army (Yugoslav Partisans)">4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="1st Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="2nd Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="3rd Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="4th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="5th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="8th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="9th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="12th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans)">12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16th_Corps_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16th Corps (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defence_Corps_of_Yugoslavia" title="People's Defence Corps of Yugoslavia">People's Defence Corps of Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="1st Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">1 (Proletarian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="2nd Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">2 (Proletarian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="3rd Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">3 (Assault)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="4th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">4 (Krajina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="5th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">5 (Krajina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="6th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">6 (Lika)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="7th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">7 (Banija)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="8th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">8 (Kordun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="9th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">9 (Dalmatian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="10th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">10 (Krajina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="11th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">11 (Krajina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="12th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">12 (Slavonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="13th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">13 (Primorje-Gorski Kotar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="14th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">14 (Slovenian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="15th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">15 (Slovenian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="16th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">16 (Vojvodina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="17th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">17 (East Bosnian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="18th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">18 (Slovenian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="19th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">19 (Dalmatian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="20th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">20 (Dalmatian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="21st Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">21 (Serbian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22nd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="22nd Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">22 (Serbian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="23rd Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">23 (Serbian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="24th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">24 (Serbian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="25th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">25 (Serbian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="26th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">26 (Dalmatian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="27th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">27 (East Bosnian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="28th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">28 (Slavonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="29th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">29 (Herzegovina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="30th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">30 (Slovenian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="31st Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">31 (Slovenian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="32nd Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">32 (Zagorje)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33rd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="33rd Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">33 (Croatian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="34th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">34 (Croatian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="35th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">35 (Lika)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="36th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">36 (Vojvodina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/37th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="37th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">37 (Sandžak)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="38th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">38 (East Bosnian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="39th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">39 (Krajina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="40th Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">40 (Slavonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41st_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)" title="41st Division (Yugoslav Partisans)">41 (Macedonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=42nd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="42nd Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">42 (Macedonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=43rd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="43rd Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">43 (Istrian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=45th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="45th Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">45 (Serbian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=46th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="46th Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">46 (Serbian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=47th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="47th Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">47 (Serbian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=48th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="48th Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">48 (Macedonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=49th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="49th Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">49 (Macedonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="50th Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">50 (Macedonian)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=51st_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="51st Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">51 (Vojvodina)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=52nd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="52nd Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">52 (Kosovo-Metohija)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=53rd_Division_(Yugoslav_Partisans)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="53rd Division (Yugoslav Partisans) (page does not exist)">53 (Central Bosnian)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Detachments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Sisak_Partisan_Detachment" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Sisak Partisan Detachment">1st Sisak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Split_Partisan_Detachment" title="1st Split Partisan Detachment">1st Split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Category:Military units and formations of the Yugoslav Partisans">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Resistance_during_World_War_II_by_country93" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Resistance_in_World_War_II_by_country" title="Template:Resistance in World War II by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Resistance_in_World_War_II_by_country" title="Template talk:Resistance in World War II by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Resistance_in_World_War_II_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Resistance in World War II by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Resistance_during_World_War_II_by_country93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance during World War II</a> by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-communist resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Baltic States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_partisans" title="Latvian partisans">Latvian partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June Uprising in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_partisans" title="Estonian partisans">Estonian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryani" title="Goryani">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-fascist resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_resistance_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian resistance during World War II">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_German-occupied_Channel_Islands" title="Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li>Czechoslovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_German-occupied_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistance in German-occupied Czechoslovakia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_partisans" title="Slovak partisans">Slovakia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian resistance movement during World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Belarusian resistance during World War II">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Moldovan resistance during World War II">Moldova</a></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Crimean resistance during World War II">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taganrog_resistance_movement" title="Taganrog resistance movement">Taganrog</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Partisans" title="Macedonian Partisans">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Partisans" title="Slovene Partisans">Slovenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yugoslav_factions_in_World_War_II249" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Factions_in_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:Factions in the Yugoslav Front"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Factions_in_the_Yugoslav_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Factions in the Yugoslav Front"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Factions_in_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Factions in the Yugoslav Front"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yugoslav_factions_in_World_War_II249" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslav factions</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> (1941–1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partisans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslav Partisans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Partisans" title="Macedonian Partisans">Macedonian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Partisans" title="Slovene Partisans">Slovene Partisans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (1944–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (1944-1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">National Liberation Movement</a> (limited involvement, 1944–45)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chetniks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a> (nominally Allied, extensively collaborated with the Axis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Volunteer_Corps" title="Montenegrin Volunteer Corps">Montenegrin Volunteer Corps</a> (rogue faction of the Chetnik movement, 1945)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Axis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Croatia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Armed_Forces_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" title="Croatian Armed Forces (Independent State of Croatia)">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Militia" title="Ustaše Militia">Ustaše Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Legion_(Usta%C5%A1e_militia)" title="Black Legion (Ustaše militia)">Black Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Handschar_(1st_Croatian)" title="13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)">SS Handschar Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Home_Guard_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Home Guard (Independent State of Croatia)">Army (Home Guard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_of_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force_Legion" title="Croatian Air Force Legion">Air Force Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_cadres_(paramilitary)" title="Green cadres (paramilitary)">Green cadres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BEiefendi%C4%87_Legion" title="Hadžiefendić Legion">Hadžiefendić Legion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Government of National Salvation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_State_Guard" title="Serbian State Guard">Serbian State Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Volunteer_Corps_(World_War_II)" title="Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)">Serbian Volunteer Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Volunteer_Corps" title="Montenegrin Volunteer Corps">Montenegrin Volunteer Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C4%87anac_Chetniks" title="Pećanac Chetniks">Pećanac Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Corps">Russian Corps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Montenegro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Italian_governorate_of_Montenegro" title="Italian governorate of Montenegro">Governorate of Montenegro</a> (1941–43))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupied territory of Montenegro">German occupied Montenegro</a> (1943–44))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lov%C4%87en_Brigade" title="Lovćen Brigade">Lovćen Brigade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greens_(Montenegrin_separatists)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greens (Montenegrin separatists)">Greens</a> movement, 1942–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%BEak_Muslim_militia" title="Sandžak Muslim militia">Sandžak Muslim militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment_Sandschak" title="SS Polizei-Selbstschutz-Regiment Sandschak">SS Regiment Sandschak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_National_Army" title="Montenegrin National Army">Montenegrin National Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Slovene Axis supporters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Death_(military_unit)" title="Legion of Death (military unit)">Legion of Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Volunteer_Militia" title="Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia">Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> (1941–43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)</a> (1939–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Militia">Albanian Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg_(military_unit)" title="Skanderbeg (military unit)">Skanderbeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%9346)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)">Hungary</a> (1941–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German occupation of Albania</a> (1943–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Skanderbeg" title="21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg">SS Skanderbeg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnetari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnetari">Vulnetari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Regiment" title="Kosovo Regiment">Kosovo Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (1941–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organization" title="Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization">Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="Template:World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_the_Yugoslav_Front" title="Template:People of the Yugoslav Front">People of the Yugoslav Front</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II25139" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II25139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>Leaders <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul">Keelhaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim">Osoaviakhim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Paperclip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></li> <li>Sexual violence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  / <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_in_World_War_II" title="Liberia in World War II">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Republic of China (Wang Jingwei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Guangzhouwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">French Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Syria–Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">French North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_and_occupation_of_Monaco_during_World_War_II#World_War_II" title="Invasion and occupation of Monaco during World War II">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Marino#World_War_II" title="History of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II#Saudi_Arabia" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Turkey#World_War_II" title="Military history of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen#World_War_II_and_after" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li>Vietnam <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li>German prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></li> <li>Soviet prisoners <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude7712" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remilitarisation_of_the_Rhineland" title="Remilitarisation of the Rhineland">Remilitarisation of the Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage">Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_U-Go" title="Operation U-Go">U-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go">Ichi-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kohima" title="Battle of Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino" title="Battle of San Marino">Battle of San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Market Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Pointblank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte">Bodenplatte</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yugoslavia_articles272" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Template talk:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yugoslavia_articles272" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of Yugoslavia">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">6 January Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_regency" title="Yugoslav regency">Yugoslav regency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Balkan Pact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Yugoslav irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Committee" title="Yugoslav Committee">Yugoslav Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugo-nostalgia" title="Yugo-nostalgia">Yugo-nostalgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Breakup of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Breakup_of_Yugoslavia213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia">Timeline of the breakup of Yugoslavia</a> (1980–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (until 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Brotherhood and unity</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (until 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> (1967–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_protests_in_Kosovo" title="1981 protests in Kosovo">1981 protests in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Declaration" title="Islamic Declaration">Islamic Declaration</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SANU_Memorandum" title="SANU Memorandum">SANU Memorandum</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_the_Slovene_National_Program" title="Contributions to the Slovene National Program">Contributions to the Slovene National Program</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene Spring">Slovene Spring</a> (1987–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrokomerc_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrokomerc Affair">Agrokomerc Affair</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_session_of_the_Central_Committee_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Serbia" title="8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia">8th session of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Serbia</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBTZ_trial" title="JBTZ trial">JBTZ trial</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1980s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bureaucratic_revolution" title="Anti-bureaucratic revolution">Anti-bureaucratic revolution</a> (1988–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazimestan_speech" title="Gazimestan speech">Gazimestan speech</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia">14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a> (1989–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Revolution" title="Log Revolution">Log Revolution</a> (1990–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87%E2%80%93Tu%C4%91man_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evo_meeting" title="Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting">Milošević–Tuđman Karađorđevo meeting</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Plan" title="RAM Plan">RAM Plan</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">Brioni Agreement</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_the_media_in_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia">Role of the media in the breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Commission_of_the_Peace_Conference_on_Yugoslavia" title="Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia">Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia</a> (1991–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Template talk:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian_independence_referendums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yugoslavian independence referendums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia&#124;link=Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia_Independence_referendums_in_Yugoslavia250" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Independence referendums in Yugoslavia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Republics and provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Slovenian_independence_referendum" title="1990 Slovenian independence referendum">Slovenia</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">Croatia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Macedonian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Macedonian independence referendum">Macedonia</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Kosovan_independence_referendum" title="1991 Kosovan independence referendum">Kosovo</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Bosnian_independence_referendum" title="1992 Bosnian independence referendum">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Montenegrin_sovereignty_referendum" title="1992 Montenegrin sovereignty referendum">Montenegro</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Montenegrin_independence_referendum" title="2006 Montenegrin independence referendum">Montenegro</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_SAO_Krajina_autonomy_referendum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 SAO Krajina autonomy referendum (page does not exist)">SAO Krajina</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Sand%C5%BEak_autonomy_referendum" title="1991 Sandžak autonomy referendum">Sandžak</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Bosnian_Serb_referendum" title="1991 Bosnian Serb referendum">Srpska</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Macedonian_Albanian_autonomy_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 Macedonian Albanian autonomy referendum">Ilirida</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Eastern_Slavonia_integrity_referendum" title="1997 Eastern Slavonia integrity referendum">Eastern Slavonia</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Macedonian_autonomy_referendum" title="2004 Macedonian autonomy referendum">Macedonia</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a> (1991-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> (1991–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a> (1992–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graz_agreement" title="Graz agreement">Graz agreement</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_the_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Hyperinflation in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (1992–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Criminal_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Criminal Enterprise">Joint Criminal Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Sub-Regional_Arms_Control" title="Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control">Agreement on Sub-Regional Arms Control</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (1993–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overthrow_of_Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević">Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">United Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">United Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serbian_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Serbian sentiment">Anti-Serbian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_nationalism" title="Bosniak nationalism">Bosniak nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian%E2%80%93Montenegrin_unionism" title="Serbian–Montenegrin unionism">Serbian–Montenegrin unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Breakup of Yugoslavia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Yugoslavia" title="Administrative divisions of Yugoslavia">Administrative divisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Yugoslavia" title="Constitution of Yugoslavia">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vidovdan_Constitution" title="Vidovdan Constitution">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1931 Yugoslav Constitution">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1946 Yugoslav Constitution">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Yugoslav_constitutional_amendments" title="1953 Yugoslav constitutional amendments">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1963 Yugoslav Constitution">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1974 Yugoslav Constitution">1974</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Yugoslavia" title="Elections in Yugoslavia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Yugoslavia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Yugoslavia)">Federal Executive Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Yugoslavia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Yugoslavia">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Yugoslavia and the United Nations">UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">NAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Yugoslavia and the Organisation of African Unity">OAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia%E2%80%93European_Communities_relations" title="Yugoslavia–European Communities relations">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_passport" title="Yugoslav passport">Passport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of cabinets of Yugoslavia">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of heads of state of Yugoslavia">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of deputy heads of state of Yugoslavia">Deputy heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="Presidency of Yugoslavia">Presidency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of members of the Presidency of Yugoslavia">members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Yugoslavia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Yugoslavia">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ilasism" title="Đilasism">Đilasism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankovi%C4%87ism" title="Rankovićism">Rankovićism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Yugoslavia" title="List of political parties in Yugoslavia">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Security_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="State Security Administration">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOS_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="KOS (Yugoslavia)">counterintelligence</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Army_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Yugoslav Army (disambiguation)">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military history of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">History</a></li> <li>Army <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">1945–1992</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Ground_Forces" title="Yugoslav Ground Forces">Ground</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Navy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Navy" title="Royal Yugoslav Navy">1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Navy" title="Yugoslav Navy">1945–1992</a></li></ul></li> <li>Air Force <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force">1945–1992</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ranks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Military ranks of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav People's Army ranks">1945–1992</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Yugoslavia" title="Marshal of Yugoslavia">Marshal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Defense_(Yugoslavia)" title="Territorial Defense (Yugoslavia)">Territorial Defense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriculture_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriculture in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_computer_hardware_in_Yugoslavia" title="History of computer hardware in Yugoslavia">Computer systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_systems_from_Yugoslavia" title="List of computer systems from Yugoslavia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_dinar" title="Yugoslav dinar">Dinar (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_krone" title="Yugoslav krone">Krone (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mining_industry_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mining industry of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Bank of Yugoslavia">National Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_national_banks_of_Serbia_and_Yugoslavia" title="List of governors of national banks of Serbia and Yugoslavia">governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Yugoslavia" title="Postal codes in Yugoslavia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Services_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Services in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Stock_Exchange" title="Belgrade Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.yu" title=".yu">Internet domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Yugoslavia" title="Telephone numbers in Yugoslavia">Telephone numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Railways" title="Yugoslav Railways">Railways</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="List of companies of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">List of companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Yugoslavia" title="Category:Society of Yugoslavia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Yugoslavia">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFRY</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Yugoslavia" title="Ethnic groups in Yugoslavia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Healthcare_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Healthcare in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minorities_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minorities of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Yugoslavia" title="Public holidays in Yugoslavia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs" title="Yugoslavs">Yugoslavs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs_in_Serbia" title="Yugoslavs in Serbia">in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Canadians" title="Yugoslav Canadians">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Americans" title="Yugoslav Americans">in the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Yugoslavia" title="Languages of Yugoslavia">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene (Slovenian)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Culture of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_studies" title="Yugoslav studies">Yugoslav studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yugoslavia" title="Architecture of Yugoslavia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Yugoslavia" title="Art of Yugoslavia">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_films" title="List of Yugoslav films">films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Drama_Theatre" title="Yugoslav Drama Theatre">Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Yugoslavia" title="Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia">Encyclopedia of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folklore_of_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folklore of Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Yugoslavia" title="Music of Yugoslavia">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Yugoslav_composers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Yugoslav composers (page does not exist)">composers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_national_costume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav national costume (page does not exist)">National costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_philosophy" title="Yugoslav philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Yugoslavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Yugoslavia (page does not exist)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Yugoslavia" title="Sport in Yugoslavia">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Yugoslavia" title="Football in Yugoslavia">football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">Yugoslav Radio Television</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_cuisine" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_cuisine" title="Macedonian cuisine">Macedonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_wine" title="Macedonian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_cuisine" title="Montenegrin cuisine">Montenegrin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_wine" title="Montenegrin wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Serbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_wine" title="Serbian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_cuisine" title="Slovenian cuisine">Slovenian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_wine" title="Slovenian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_cuisine" title="Central European cuisine">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kosovo" title="Literature of Kosovo">Kosovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_literature" title="Macedonian literature">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_literature" title="Slovene literature">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_poets" title="List of Yugoslav poets">Poets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="National Anthem of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Anthem (1918–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hey,_Slavs" title="Hey, Slavs">1945–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia" title="Emblem of Yugoslavia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yugoslavia" title="Flag of Yugoslavia">Flag of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_flags" title="List of Yugoslav flags">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia">Orders, decorations, and medals of SFR Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yugoslavia" title="Category:Yugoslavia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79100650">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007270261205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059067284">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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