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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>First Pan-Slav Congress, Prague, 1848</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Pan-Slav_Congress,_Prague,_1848-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pan-Slavism_in_the_Czech_lands_and_Slovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pan-Slavism_in_the_Czech_lands_and_Slovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pan-Slavism in the Czech lands and Slovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pan-Slavism_in_the_Czech_lands_and_Slovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pan-Slavism_among_South_Slavs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pan-Slavism_among_South_Slavs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pan-Slavism among South Slavs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pan-Slavism_among_South_Slavs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pan-Slavism_in_Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pan-Slavism_in_Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pan-Slavism in Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pan-Slavism_in_Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pan-Slavism_in_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pan-Slavism_in_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pan-Slavism in Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pan-Slavism_in_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern-day_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern-day_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Modern-day developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern-day_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Contemporary views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation_of_pan-Slavic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_pan-Slavic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Creation of pan-Slavic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_pan-Slavic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pan-Slavism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قومية سلافية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قومية سلافية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneslavismo" title="Paneslavismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Paneslavismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панславізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панславізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панславізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Панславізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Панславизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Панславизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneslavisme" title="Paneslavisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paneslavisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavismus" title="Panslavismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panslavismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Slafiaeth" title="Pan-Slafiaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pan-Slafiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavisme" title="Panslavisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panslavisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslawismus" title="Panslawismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panslawismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavism" title="Panslavism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panslavism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Πανσλαβισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανσλαβισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneslavismo" title="Paneslavismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paneslavismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutslavismo" title="Tutslavismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tutslavismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneslavismo" title="Paneslavismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paneslavismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="پان‌اسلاویسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پان‌اسلاویسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavisme" title="Panslavisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Panslavisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paneslavismo" title="Paneslavismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paneslavismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%94%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B8%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="범슬라브주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="범슬라브주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Պանսլավիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանսլավիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavizam" title="Panslavizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Panslavizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Slavisme" title="Pan-Slavisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pan-Slavisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavismo" title="Panslavismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Panslavismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F-%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="פאן-סלאביות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאן-סלאביות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პანსლავიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პანსლავიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панславизм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Панславизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панславизм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Панславизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansl%C4%81visms" title="Panslāvisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Panslāvisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavizmas" title="Panslavizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Panslavizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1nszl%C3%A1vizmus" title="Pánszlávizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pánszlávizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Панславизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Панславизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavisme" title="Panslavisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panslavisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%8E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B4%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="汎スラヴ主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="汎スラヴ主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavisme" title="Panslavisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panslavisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavisme" title="Panslavisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Panslavisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslawizm" title="Panslawizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panslawizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-eslavismo" title="Pan-eslavismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pan-eslavismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavism" title="Panslavism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Panslavism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панславизм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Панславизм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панславизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панславизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansllavizmi" title="Pansllavizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pansllavizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pan-Slavism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88" title="عظيم سلاو نظريو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عظيم سلاو نظريو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavizmus" title="Panslavizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Panslavizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavizem" title="Panslavizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Panslavizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="پان سلاڤیزم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پان سلاڤیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Панславизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Панславизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavizam" title="Panslavizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Panslavizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavismi" title="Panslavismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panslavismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavism" title="Panslavism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panslavism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panslavizm" title="Panslavizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panslavizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панславизм – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Панславизм" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Панславізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pan-Slavism" title="Special:EditPage/Pan-Slavism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22">"Pan-Slavism"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pan-Slavism%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pan-Slavism%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slavic_europe_(Kosovo_unshaded).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Slavic_europe_%28Kosovo_unshaded%29.svg/300px-Slavic_europe_%28Kosovo_unshaded%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Slavic_europe_%28Kosovo_unshaded%29.svg/450px-Slavic_europe_%28Kosovo_unshaded%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Slavic_europe_%28Kosovo_unshaded%29.svg/600px-Slavic_europe_%28Kosovo_unshaded%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary map of the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic people">Slavic speaking countries</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a> appear in dark green, <a href="/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs">East Slavs</a> in green, and <a href="/wiki/West_Slavs" title="West Slavs">West Slavs</a> in light green.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pan-Slavism</b>, a movement that took shape in the mid-19th century, is the <a href="/wiki/Political_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Political ideology">political ideology</a> concerned with promoting integrity and unity for the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic people">Slavic people</a>. Its main impact occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, where non-Slavic empires had ruled the <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a> for centuries. These were mainly the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Extensive pan-Slavism began much like <a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a>: both of these movements flourished from the sense of unity and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> experienced within <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and the consequent <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> against traditional European monarchies. As in other <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalist</a> movements, Slavic intellectuals and scholars in the developing fields of <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> actively encouraged Slavs' interest in their shared identity and ancestry. Pan-Slavism co-existed with the <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">Southern Slavic</a> drive towards independence. </p><p>Commonly used symbols of the Pan-Slavic movement were the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_colours" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Slavic colours">Pan-Slavic colours</a> (blue, white and red) and the Pan-Slavic anthem, <i><a href="/wiki/Hey,_Slavs" title="Hey, Slavs">Hey, Slavs</a></i>. </p><p>The first pan-Slavists were the 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croatian</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Vinko_Pribojevi%C4%87" title="Vinko Pribojević">Vinko Pribojević</a>, the Dalmatian <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Komulovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Komulović">Aleksandar Komulović</a> (1548–1608), the Croat <a href="/wiki/Bartol_Ka%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Bartol Kašić">Bartol Kašić</a> (1575–1650), the Ragusan <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Gunduli%C4%87" title="Ivan Gundulić">Ivan Gundulić</a> (1589–1638) and the Croatian <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church"> Catholic</a> missionary <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Kri%C5%BEani%C4%87" title="Juraj Križanić">Juraj Križanić</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1618</span> – 1683).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Kamusella" title="Tomasz Kamusella">Tomasz Kamusella</a> have attributed early manifestations of Pan-Slavic thought within the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> to the Slovaks <a href="/wiki/Adam_Franti%C5%A1ek_Koll%C3%A1r" title="Adam František Kollár">Adam Franz Kollár</a> (1718–1783) and <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Jozef_%C5%A0af%C3%A1rik" title="Pavel Jozef Šafárik">Pavel Jozef Šafárik</a> (1795–1861).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (October 2022)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> The Pan-Slavism movement grew rapidly following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. In the aftermath of the wars, the <a href="/wiki/Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader">leaders</a> of Europe sought to restore the pre-war <i><a href="/wiki/Status_quo" title="Status quo">status quo</a></i>. At the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> of 1814–1815, Austria's representative, <a href="/wiki/Metternich" class="mw-redirect" title="Metternich">Prince von Metternich</a>, detected a threat to this <i>status quo</i> in the Austrian Empire through nationalists' demands for independence from the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Vienna's subjects included numerous ethnic groups (such as Germans, <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>, etc.), the Slav proportion of the population (Poles, Ruthenians, Ukrainians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Serbs, Bosniaks and Croats) together formed a substantial—if not the largest—ethnic grouping. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Pan-Slav_Congress,_Prague,_1848"><span id="First_Pan-Slav_Congress.2C_Prague.2C_1848"></span>First Pan-Slav Congress, Prague, 1848</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First Pan-Slav Congress, Prague, 1848"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1918%E2%80%931941).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_colors" title="Pan-Slavic colors">Slavic flag</a> proposed by the Pan-Slav convention<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> in 1848</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Prague_Slavic_Congress,_1848" title="Prague Slavic Congress, 1848">First Pan-Slav congress</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, in June 1848, during the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">revolutionary movement of 1848</a>. The Czechs had refused to send representatives to the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt Assembly">Frankfurt Assembly</a> feeling that Slavs had a distinct interest from the Germans. The <a href="/wiki/Austro-Slavism" title="Austro-Slavism">Austroslav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD" title="František Palacký">František Palacký</a>, presided over the event. Most of the delegates were Czech and Slovak. Palacký called for the co-operation of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburgs</a> and had also endorsed the Habsburg monarchy as the political formation most likely to protect the peoples of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">central Europe</a>. When the Germans asked him to declare himself in favour of their desire for national unity, he replied that he would not as this would weaken the Habsburg state: “Truly, if it were not that <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a> had long existed, it would be necessary, in the interest of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, in the interest of <a href="/wiki/All_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="All humanity">humanity</a> itself, to create it.” </p><p>The Pan-Slav congress met during the revolutionary turmoil of 1848. Young inhabitants of Prague had taken to the streets and in the confrontation, a stray bullet had killed the wife of <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_I,_Prince_of_Windisch-Gr%C3%A4tz" title="Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz">Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz</a>, the commander of the Austrian forces in Prague. Enraged, Windischgrätz seized the city, disbanded the congress, and established <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> throughout Bohemia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pan-Slavism_in_the_Czech_lands_and_Slovakia">Pan-Slavism in the Czech lands and Slovakia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pan-Slavism in the Czech lands and Slovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF,_zachovej_n%C3%A1m,_Pane%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg/220px-Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg/330px-Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg/440px-Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Pan-Slavic postcard depicting <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a>, with the text "God/Our Lord, watch over our grandfatherland/<br />heritage" in 8 Slavic languages.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pan-Slavism" title="Special:EditPage/Pan-Slavism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22">"Pan-Slavism"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pan-Slavism%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pan-Slavism%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakism</a></div> <p>The first Pan-Slavic convention was held in Prague on June 2 through 16, 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The delegates at the Congress were specifically both <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary#Ethnic_relations" title="Austria-Hungary">anti-Austrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russification#Lithuania_and_Poland" title="Russification">anti-Russian</a>. Still "the Right"—the moderately liberal wing of the Congress—under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD" title="František Palacký">František Palacký</a> (1798–1876), a Czech historian and politician,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pavol_Jozef_%C5%A0af%C3%A1rik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavol Jozef Šafárik">Pavol Jozef Šafárik</a> (1795–1861), a Slovak philologist, historian and archaeologist,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> favored autonomy of the Slav lands within the framework of Austrian (Habsburg) monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast "the Left"—the radical wing of the Congress—under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Karel_Sabina" title="Karel Sabina">Karel Sabina</a> (1813–1877), a Czech writer and journalist, <a href="/wiki/Josef_V%C3%A1clav_Fri%C4%8D" title="Josef Václav Frič">Josef Václav Frič</a>, a Czech nationalist, <a href="/wiki/Karol_Libelt" title="Karol Libelt">Karol Libelt</a> (1817–1861), a Polish writer and politician, and others, pressed for a close alliance with the revolutionary-democratic movement going on in Germany and Hungary in 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A national rebirth in the Hungarian "Upper Land" (now <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>) awoke in a completely new light, both before the Slovak Uprising in 1848 and after. The driving force of this rebirth movement were Slovak writers and politicians who called themselves Štúrovci, the followers of <a href="/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_%C5%A0t%C3%BAr" title="Ľudovít Štúr">Ľudovít Štúr</a>. As the Slovak nobility was <a href="/wiki/Magyarization" title="Magyarization">Magyarized</a> and most Slovaks were merely farmers or priests, this movement failed to attract much attention. Nonetheless, the campaign was successful as brotherly cooperation between the Croats and the Slovaks brought its fruit throughout the war. Most of the battles between Slovaks and Hungarians however, did not turn out in favor for the Slovaks who were logistically supported by the Austrians, but not sufficiently. The shortage of manpower proved to be decisive as well. </p><p>During the war, the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Council" title="Slovak National Council">Slovak National Council</a> brought its demands to the young Austrian Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a>, who seemed to take a note of it and promised support for the Slovaks against the revolutionary radical Hungarians. However the moment the revolution was over, Slovak demands were forgotten. These demands included an autonomous land within the Austrian Empire called "Slovenský kraj" which would be eventually led by a Serbian prince. This act of ignorance from the Emperor convinced the Slovak and the Czech elite who proclaimed the concept of Austroslavism as dead. </p><p>Disgusted by the Emperor's policy, in 1849, Ľudovít Štúr, the person who codified the first largely used <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak language</a>, wrote a book he would name <i>Slavdom and the World of the Future</i>. This book served as a manifesto where he noted that Austroslavism was not the way to go anymore. He also wrote a sentence that often serves as a quote until this day: "Every nation has its time under God's sun, and the <a href="/wiki/Tilia" title="Tilia">linden</a> [a symbol of the Slavs] is blossoming, while the <a href="/wiki/Oak#Symbols" title="Oak">oak</a> [a symbol of the Teutons] bloomed long ago."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He expressed confidence in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> however, as it was the only country of Slavs that was not dominated by anybody else, yet it was one of the most powerful nations in the world. He often symbolized Slavs as being a tree, with "minor" Slavic nations being branches while the trunk of the tree was Russian. His Pan-Slavic views were unleashed in this book, where he stated that the land of Slovaks should be annexed by the Tsar's empire and that eventually, the population could be not only <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russified</a>, but also converted into the rite of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodoxy</a>, religion originally spread by <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Cyril and Methodius</a> during the times of <a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Great Moravia</a>, which served as an opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic church">Catholic</a> missionaries from the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin" title="Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin">Hungarian invasion of Pannonia</a>, Hungarians converted into <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, which effectively influenced the Slavs living in <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> and in the land south of the Lechs. </p><p>However, the Russian Empire often claimed Pan-Slavism as a justification for its aggressive moves in the Balkan Peninsula of Europe against the Ottoman Empire, which conquered and held the land of Slavs for centuries. This eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Balkan campaign</a> of the Russian Empire, which resulted in the entire Balkan being liberated from the Ottoman Empire, with the help and the initiative of the Russian Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pan-Slavism has some supporters among Czech and Slovak politicians, especially among the nationalistic and far-right ones, such as People's Party – Our Slovakia. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, captured Slavic soldiers were asked to fight against "oppression in the Austrian Empire". Consequently, some did. (see <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Legions" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak Legions">Czechoslovak Legions</a>) </p><p>The creation of an independent <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> made the old ideals of Pan-Slavism anachronistic. Relations with other Slavic states varied, sometimes being so tense it escalated into an armed conflict, such as with the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> where border clashes over <a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> resulted in a short hostile conflict, the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Polish–Czechoslovak War">Polish–Czechoslovak War</a>. Even tensions between Czechs and Slovaks had appeared before and during World War II. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pan-Slavism_among_South_Slavs">Pan-Slavism among South Slavs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pan-Slavism among South Slavs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pan-Slavism" title="Special:EditPage/Pan-Slavism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22">"Pan-Slavism"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pan-Slavism%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pan-Slavism%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pan-Slavism%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></div> <p>Pan-Slavism in the south, largely advocated by <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a>, would often turn to <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> for support.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Southern Slavic movement advocated the independence of the Slavic peoples in the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. Most Serbian intellectuals sought to unite all of the Southern, Balkan Slavs, whether <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Muslim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a>), or <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a>) as a "Southern-Slavic nation of three faiths". </p><p>Austria feared that Pan-Slavists would endanger the empire. In Austria-Hungary Southern Slavs were distributed among several entities: <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> in the Austrian part (<a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Styria_(duchy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Styria (duchy)">Styria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carinthia_(duchy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carinthia (duchy)">Carinthia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorizia_and_Gradisca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorizia and Gradisca">Gorizia and Gradisca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>), Croats and <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> in the Hungarian part within the autonomous <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia</a> and in the Austrian part within the autonomous <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, under direct control from Vienna. Owing to a different position within Austria-Hungary, several different goals were prominent among the Southern Slavs of Austria-Hungary. A strong alternative to Pan-Slavism was <a href="/wiki/Austroslavism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroslavism">Austroslavism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially among the Croats and Slovenes. Because the Serbs were dispersed among several regions, and the fact that they had ties to the independent <a href="/wiki/Nation-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation-state">nation state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a>, they were among the strongest supporters of independence of South-Slavs from Austria-Hungary and uniting into a common state under Serbian monarchy. </p><p>When in 1863 the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Serbian_Philology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Serbian Philology (page does not exist)">Association of Serbian Philology</a> commemorated the death of <a href="/wiki/Cyril" title="Cyril">Cyril</a> a thousand years earlier, its president <a href="/wiki/Dimitrije_Mati%C4%87" title="Dimitrije Matić">Dimitrije Matić</a> talked of the creation of an "ethnically pure" Slavonic people, "With God’s help, there should be a whole Slavonic people with purely Slavonic faces and of purely Slavonic character."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After World War I the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a> royalty of the <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđević dynasty">Karađorđević dynasty</a>, united most Southern <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic-speaking nations</a> regardless of religion and cultural background. The only ones they did not unite with were the Bulgarians. Still, in the years after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, there were proposals to incorporate Bulgaria into a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Yugoslavia">Greater Yugoslavia</a> thus uniting all south <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic-speaking nations</a> into one state.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea was abandoned after the split between <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> in 1948. This led to some bitter sentiment between the people of Yugoslavia and Bulgaria in the aftermath. </p><p>At the end of the Second World War, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans'</a> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed heritage">mixed heritage</a> leader Josip Broz Tito became Yugoslav president, and the country become a socialist republic, with the motto of "<a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Brotherhood and Unity">Brotherhood and Unity</a>" between its various Slavic peoples. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pan-Slavism_in_Poland">Pan-Slavism in Poland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pan-Slavism in Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pan-Slavism" title="Special:EditPage/Pan-Slavism">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With the exception of Russia, the Polish nation has the distinction among other Slavic peoples of having enjoyed independence as a part of various entities for several centuries prior to the advent of Pan-Slavism. </p><p>After 1795, <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">Revolutionary</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">Napoleonic</a> France had influenced many Poles who sought the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">reconstitution of their existing country</a>—particularly since France was a mutual enemy of Austria, Prussia, and also Russia. Russia's Pan-Slavic rhetoric had alarmed the Poles. Pan-Slavism was not fully embraced among Poles after the early period. Poland did nevertheless express solidarity with those of its fellow Slavic nations that had suffered oppression and were seeking independence. </p><p>While Pan-Slavism as an ideology was inimical to <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian</a> interests, Poles instead embraced the wide autonomy within the state and assumed a loyalist position towards the Habsburgs. Within the Austro-Hungarian polity, they were able to develop their national culture and preserve the <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish language</a>, both of which were under threat in both <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> Empires. A Pan-Slavic federation was proposed, but on the condition that the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> would be excluded from such an entity. After Poland regained its independence (from Germany, Austria and Russia) in 1918, no internal faction considered Pan-Slavism as a serious alternative, viewing Pan-Slavism as <i><a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a></i>. During Poland's communist era, the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> used Pan-Slavism as a propaganda tool to justify its control over the country. The issue of Pan-Slavism was not part of current mainstream politics and is widely seen as an ideology of Russian <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pan-Slavism_in_Russia">Pan-Slavism in Russia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pan-Slavism in Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the time of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> teachings viewed Pan-Slavism as a reactionary element associated to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Bolsheviks viewed it as contrary to their Marxist ideology. Pan-Slavists even faced persecution during the <a href="/wiki/Stalinist_repressions_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Stalinist repressions (disambiguation)">Stalinist repressions</a> in the Soviet Union (see <a href="/wiki/Slavists_case" title="Slavists case">Slavists case</a>). Nowadays, ultranationalist parties like the <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a> party advocate for a Russian-dominated 'Slavic Union'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern-day_developments">Modern-day developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern-day developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_and_Slavic_countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/European_Union_and_Slavic_countries.svg/300px-European_Union_and_Slavic_countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/European_Union_and_Slavic_countries.svg/450px-European_Union_and_Slavic_countries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/European_Union_and_Slavic_countries.svg/600px-European_Union_and_Slavic_countries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>Map of the European Union and <a href="/wiki/Slavic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic people">Slavic speaking countries</a>. Slavic countries in the EU in royal blue, other EU countries in teal and non-EU Slavic countries in medium blue.</figcaption></figure> <p>The authentic idea of the unity of the Slavic people was all but gone after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> when the maxim "<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Versailles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Trianon</a> have put an end to all Slavisms".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, all Slavic peoples were in union under the dominance of the USSR, but pan-Slavism was rejected as reactionary to Communist ideals, and this unity was largely put to rest with the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">fall of communism</a> in Central and Eastern Europe in the late 1980s, leading to the breakup of federal states such as <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Varying relations between the Slavic countries exist nowadays; they range from mutual respect on equal footing and sympathy towards one another through traditional dislike and enmity, to indifference. No forms, other than culture and heritage oriented organizations, are currently considered forms of rapprochement among the countries with Slavic origins.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The political parties which include Pan-Slavism as part of their program usually live on the fringe of the political spectrum, or are part of controlled and systemic opposition in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories" title="Russian-occupied territories">occupied territories</a>, as part of an irredentist <a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">pan-slavist campaign by Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duleba_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duleba-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A political concept of Euro-Slavism evolved from the idea that <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a> will solve issues of Slavic peoples and promote peace, unity and cooperation on equal terms within the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept seeks to resist strong <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multicultural</a> tendencies from <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, the dominant position of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, opposes <a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a>, and typically encourages <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> and democratic values. Many Euroslavists believe it is possible to unite Slavic communities without exclusion of Russia from the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Europe" title="Culture of Europe">European cultural area</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but are also opposed to <a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">Russophilia</a> and concepts of Slavs under <a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian domination and irredentism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered a modern form of <a href="/wiki/Austro-Slavism" title="Austro-Slavism">Austro-Slavist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Slavism" title="Neo-Slavism">Neo-Slavist</a> movements.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their origins date back to the middle of the 19th century, being first proposed by Czech liberal politician <a href="/wiki/Karel_Havl%C3%AD%C4%8Dek_Borovsk%C3%BD" title="Karel Havlíček Borovský">Karel Havlíček Borovský</a> in 1846, when it was refined into a provisional political program by Czech politician <a href="/wiki/Franti%C5%A1ek_Palack%C3%BD" title="František Palacký">František Palacký</a> and completed by the first President of Czechoslovakia <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk">Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk</a> in his work <i>New Europe: Slavic Viewpoint</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_views">Contemporary views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Contemporary views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Pan-Slavism remains popular in moderate and extremist political circles, its popularity subsided in the public. After the failure of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakism</a>, nationalism in Slavic nations now focus on self-definition and non-ethnic relations (like <a href="/wiki/Pole_and_Hungarian_brothers_be" title="Pole and Hungarian brothers be">Hungary and Poland</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> had a divisive role,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pro-Russian sentiment became less popular. Tensions also rose on the Ukrainian side, and for economic reasons Ukrainian grain exports had to be banned for a time in multiple Slavic countries such as Poland and Slovakia, after the protest of farmers in multiple European countries.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creation_of_pan-Slavic_languages">Creation of pan-Slavic languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Creation of pan-Slavic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similarities of Slavic languages inspired many to create <a href="/wiki/Zonal_auxiliary_language" title="Zonal auxiliary language">zonal auxiliary</a> <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" title="Pan-Slavic language">Pan-Slavic languages</a> for all Slavic people to communicate with one another. Several such languages were constructed in the past, but many more were created in the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Age">Internet Age</a>. The most prominent modern example is <a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pan-Slavic countries, organisations, and alliances appear in various works of fiction. </p><p>In the 2014 turn-based strategy <a href="/wiki/4X" title="4X">4X</a> game <i><a href="/wiki/Civilization:_Beyond_Earth" title="Civilization: Beyond Earth">Civilization: Beyond Earth</a></i> there is a playable faction called the Slavic Federation – a science fiction vision of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, reformed into a powerful unified state with a focus on aerospace, technological research, and terrestrial engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its leader, a former cosmonaut named Vadim Kozlov voiced by Mateusz Pawluczuk, speaks a mixture of Russian and Ukrainian with a heavy Polish accent.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the historical <a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy" title="Grand strategy">grand strategy</a> games of <i><a href="/wiki/Crusader_Kings_II" title="Crusader Kings II">Crusader Kings II</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Universalis_IV" title="Europa Universalis IV">Europa Universalis IV</a></i>, the player is able to unite Slavonic territories via political alliances and multi-ethnic kingdoms.<sup id="cite_ref-bg_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The real-time strategy games <i><a href="/wiki/Ancestors_Legacy" title="Ancestors Legacy">Ancestors Legacy</a></i> and the HD edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Empires_II#The_Forgotten" title="Age of Empires II">Age of Empires II</a></i> feature fictionalised versions of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">early Slavs</a> that incorporate and fuse elements from different Slavic nations.<sup id="cite_ref-bg_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Semitism" title="Pan-Semitism">Pan-Semitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">Russophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Turanism">Pan-Turanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austroslavism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroslavism">Austroslavism</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John M. Letiche and Basil Dmytryshyn: "Russian Statecraft: The Politika of Iurii Krizhanich", Oxford and New York, 1985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Banac" title="Ivo Banac">Ivo Banac</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KfqbujXqQBkC&pg=PA71">"The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics"</a>, Cornell University Press, 1988, pp. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GBtVAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Eighteenth Century: A Current Bibliography</i></a>. American Society for Eighteenth Century Studies. 1992. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780001610996" title="Special:BookSources/9780001610996"><bdi>9780001610996</bdi></a>. <q>... the work of some early "Panslavic" ideologues in the sixteenth (Pribojevic) and seventeenth (Gundulic, Komulovic, Kasic,...)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eighteenth+Century%3A+A+Current+Bibliography&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=American+Society+for+Eighteenth+Century+Studies&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780001610996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGBtVAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamusella2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Kamusella" title="Tomasz Kamusella">Kamusella, Tomasz</a> (2008-12-16). "The Slovak Case: From Upper Hungary's Slavophone <i>Populus</i> to Slovak Nationalism and the Czechoslovak Nation". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JzkWDAAAQBAJ"><i>The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe</i></a> (reprint ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 539. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230583474" title="Special:BookSources/9780230583474"><bdi>9780230583474</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>. <q>Kollár's and Šafárik's vision appealed for cultural unity of all the Slavs and for political cooperation and eventual unity of the Slavic inhabitants of the Austrian Empire.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Slovak+Case%3A+From+Upper+Hungary%27s+Slavophone+Populus+to+Slovak+Nationalism+and+the+Czechoslovak+Nation&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Language+and+Nationalism+in+Modern+Central+Europe&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pages=539&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2008-12-16&rft.isbn=9780230583474&rft.aulast=Kamusella&rft.aufirst=Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJzkWDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert John Weston Evans, Chapter "Nationality in East-Central Europe: Perception and Definition before 1848". <i>Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Essays on Central Europe, c. 1683–1867</i>. 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVick2014" class="citation book cs1">Vick, Brian E. (2014). "Between Reaction and Reform". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-KKmBAAAQBAJ"><i>The Congress of Vienna: Power and Politics after Napoleon</i></a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674745483" title="Special:BookSources/9780674745483"><bdi>9780674745483</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>. <q>The willingness to work in part with national sentiments within the Habsburg framework [...] went to the top: to Stadion, but also to Metternich. Metternich's commitment could be seen in a small symbolic way in his Habsburg folk-dress costume theme ball, but also appeared in his plans for Austria's reacquired Italian and Polish provinces. Metternich did not favor a full federal remodelling of the Habsburg Empire, as some have suggested, but neither did he oppose concessions to a presumed national spirit as much as several critics of that interpretation have contended. [...] Metternich and the Austrians certainly believed that there was an Italian national spirit, one that they feared and opposed if it pointed to national independence and republicanism, and they did intend to combat it through a policy of 'parcelization,' that is, bolstering local identities as a means to damp the growth of national sentiment. [...] Metternich and Franz, for instance, hoped to appeal to 'the Lombard spirit' to counteract 'the so-called Italian spirit.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Between+Reaction+and+Reform&rft.btitle=The+Congress+of+Vienna%3A+Power+and+Politics+after+Napoleon&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780674745483&rft.aulast=Vick&rft.aufirst=Brian+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-KKmBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Вилинбахов Г. В.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dissercat.com/content/gosudarstvennaya-geraldika-v-rossii-teoriya-i-praktika">Государственная геральдика в России: Теория и практика</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Note 134 on page 725 of the <i>Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 14</i> (International Publishers: New York, 1980).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the biographical note on page 784 of the <i>Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 14</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the biographical note at page 787 of the <i>Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 14</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See Note 134 on page 725 of the <i>Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 14</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Každý národ má svoj čas pod Božím slnkom, a lipa kvitne až dub už dávno odkvitol.</i>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Slovanstvo a svet budúcnosti. Bratislava 1993, s. 59</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slovanstvo+a+svet+bud%C3%BAcnosti.+Bratislava+1993%2C+s.+59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frederick Engels, "Germany and Pan-Slavism" contained in the <i>Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 14</i>, pp. 156-158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYavusSluglett2011" class="citation book cs1">Yavus, M. Hakan; Sluglett, Peter (2011). <i>War and Diplomacy: The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 and the Treaty of Berlin</i>. Salt Lake City: University of Utah. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1607811503" title="Special:BookSources/978-1607811503"><bdi>978-1607811503</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Diplomacy%3A+The+Russo-Turkish+War+of+1877-1878+and+the+Treaty+of+Berlin&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=University+of+Utah&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1607811503&rft.aulast=Yavus&rft.aufirst=M.+Hakan&rft.au=Sluglett%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagocsiPop2005" class="citation cs2">Magocsi, Robert; Pop, Ivan, eds. (2005), "Austro-Slavism", <i>Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture</i>, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, p. 21</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Austro-Slavism&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Rusyn+History+and+Culture&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Association of Serbian Philology: Hiljadugodišnja 1863:4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramet, Sabrina P.; <i>The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918-2005</i>; <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8">0-253-34656-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gatchina3000.ru/great-soviet-encyclopedia/bse/086/636.htm">"Панславизм / Большая советская энциклопедия"</a>. <i>www.gatchina3000.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gatchina3000.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%2F+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatchina3000.ru%2Fgreat-soviet-encyclopedia%2Fbse%2F086%2F636.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AsO_M5SaxDgC&dq=%22west+slavs%22&pg=PA2">Comparative Slavic Studies</a> Volume 6, by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Jakobson" title="Roman Jakobson">Roman Jakobson</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlam1951" class="citation journal cs1">Ulam, Adam B. (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1404636">"The Background of the Soviet-Yugoslav Dispute"</a>. <i>The Review of Politics</i>. <b>13</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">39–</span>63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0034670500046878">10.1017/S0034670500046878</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1404636">1404636</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146474329">146474329</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Background+of+the+Soviet-Yugoslav+Dispute&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=1951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146474329%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1404636%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0034670500046878&rft.aulast=Ulam&rft.aufirst=Adam+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1404636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=19148459&t=1659202710133">"Former Yugoslavia 101: The Balkans Breakup"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. 18 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Former+Yugoslavia+101%3A+The+Balkans+Breakup&rft.date=2008-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D19148459%26t%3D1659202710133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuins1948" class="citation journal cs1">Guins, George C. (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3483821">"The Degeneration of 'Pan-Slavism'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Economics and Sociology</i>. <b>8</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">50–</span>59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1948.tb00729.x">10.1111/j.1536-7150.1948.tb00729.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3483821">3483821</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Economics+and+Sociology&rft.atitle=The+Degeneration+of+%27Pan-Slavism%27&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E50-%3C%2Fspan%3E59&rft.date=1948&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.1948.tb00729.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3483821%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Guins&rft.aufirst=George+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3483821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine1914" class="citation journal cs1">Levine, Louis (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2142012.pdf">"Pan-Slavism and European Politics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Political Science Quarterly</i>. <b>29</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">664–</span>686. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2142012">10.2307/2142012</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2142012">2142012</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Pan-Slavism+and+European+Politics&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E664-%3C%2Fspan%3E686&rft.date=1914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2142012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2142012%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F2142012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duleba-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duleba_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In other words, the Pan-Slavic resentment is not strange to the Russian Eurasianists, however, this is prevailingly limited to the post-Soviet space. Therein lies the difference between the Eurasians and the Russian radical nationalists in their contemporary attitude to Pan-Slavism. Radical nationalists are the only ones who follow up with the tradition and ideational message of the Central- and South-European Pan-Slavism of the tsarist Russia. Pan-Slavism serves as their tool for demonstrating decisive anti-Western attitudes and as an "historical" folklore employed in domestic-political battles, which sound so sweet to the Russian ear. The ideas of Pan-Slavism only find some echo with the part of some Serbian and partly Slovak nationalists" Alexander Duleba, "From Domination to Partnership - The perspectives of Russian-Central-East European Relations", Final Report to the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Research Fellowship Program, 1996-1998 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/96-98/duleba.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wagner-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2009" class="citation cs2">Wagner, Lukas (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tampub.uta.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/81047/gradu03888.pdf?sequence=1"><i>The EU's Russian Roulette</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Tampere: University of Tampere, pp. <span class="nowrap">74–</span>78, <span class="nowrap">85–</span>90<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+EU%27s+Russian+Roulette&rft.place=Tampere&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E74-%3C%2Fspan%3E78%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E85-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=University+of+Tampere&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Lukas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftampub.uta.fi%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10024%2F81047%2Fgradu03888.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorávek2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Morávek, Štefan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akademickyrepozitar.sk/sk/repozitar/europska-idea-a-slovenska-politika-po-roku-2002.pdf"><i>Patriotizmus a šovinizmus</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Slovak). Bratislava: Government Office of the Slovak Republic. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-88707-99-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-88707-99-8"><bdi>978-80-88707-99-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patriotizmus+a+%C5%A1ovinizmus&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Government+Office+of+the+Slovak+Republic&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-80-88707-99-8&rft.aulast=Mor%C3%A1vek&rft.aufirst=%C5%A0tefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akademickyrepozitar.sk%2Fsk%2Frepozitar%2Feuropska-idea-a-slovenska-politika-po-roku-2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukeš1996" class="citation book cs1">Lukeš, Igor (1996). <i>Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-510266-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-510266-5"><bdi>0-19-510266-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Czechoslovakia+between+Stalin+and+Hitler&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-510266-5&rft.aulast=Luke%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Igor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagcosiPop2002" class="citation cs2">Magcosi, Robert; Pop, Ivan, eds. 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Masaryka. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-86142-55-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-86142-55-5"><bdi>978-80-86142-55-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nov%C3%A1+Evropa%3A+stanovisko+slovansk%C3%A9&rft.place=Prague&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=%C3%9Astav+T.G.+Masaryka&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-80-86142-55-5&rft.aulast=Masaryk&rft.aufirst=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/mises-wire/russias-invasion-ukraine-just-latest-expression-pan-slavic-authoritarianism">"Russia's Invasion of Ukraine Is Just the Latest Expression of Pan-Slavic Authoritarianism | Mises Institute"</a>. <i>mises.org</i>. 2022-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Interslavic Experiment"</a>. <i>E-Democracy – Privacy-Preserving, Secure, Intelligent E-Government Services</i>. <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>: Springer. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3319711171" title="Special:BookSources/978-3319711171"><bdi>978-3319711171</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4.+The+Interslavic+Experiment&rft.btitle=E-Democracy+%E2%80%93+Privacy-Preserving%2C+Secure%2C+Intelligent+E-Government+Services&rft.place=Athens%2C+Greece&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3319711171&rft.aulast=Katsikas&rft.aufirst=Sokratis+K.&rft.au=Zorkadis%2C+Vasilios&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAyY_DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHajdasz2016" class="citation web cs1">Hajdasz, Alex (2016-11-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.celjaded.com/best-sponsors-in-beyond-earth/">"Best Sponsors in Beyond Earth & Rising Tide"</a>. <i>celjaded.com</i>. 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Origins of the Czech National Renascence (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993)</li> <li>Carole R. The Slovenes and Yugoslavism, 1890-1914 (Columbia University Press, 1977)</li> <li>Djokic D. (ed.) Yugoslavism. Histories of a Failed Idea, 1918-1992 (Hurst and Company, 2003)</li> <li>Gasor A., Karl L., Troebst S. (eds.) Post-Panslavismus. Slavizität, Slavische Idee und Antislavismus im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert (Wallstein Verlag, 2014)</li> <li>Geier, Wolfgang (2022). <i>Panslawismus</i> [Pan-Slavism]. Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens, vol. 20,4. Klagenfurt: Wieser, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-99029-535-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-99029-535-9">978-3-99029-535-9</a>.</li> <li>Golub I., Bracewell C. The Slavic Idea of Juraj Krizanic, Harvard Ukrainian Studies 3-4 (1986).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrigorieva2010" class="citation journal cs1">Grigorieva, Anna A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38633132.pdf">"Pan-Slavism in Central and Southeastern Europe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Siberian Federal University</i>. Humanities & Social Sciences. <b>3</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">13–</span>21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Siberian+Federal+University&rft.atitle=Pan-Slavism+in+Central+and+Southeastern+Europe&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Grigorieva&rft.aufirst=Anna+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F38633132.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kohn, Hans. <i>Nationalism: Its meaning and history</i> (van Nostrand, 1955).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohn1961" class="citation journal cs1">Kohn, Hans (1961). "The Impact of Pan-Slavism on Central Europe". <i>The Review of Politics</i>. <b>23</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">323–</span>333. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0034670500008767">10.1017/s0034670500008767</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1405438">1405438</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145066436">145066436</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Pan-Slavism+on+Central+Europe&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E323-%3C%2Fspan%3E333&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145066436%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1405438%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0034670500008767&rft.aulast=Kohn&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kostya S. Pan-Slavism (Danubian Press, 1981)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsmańczyk2003" class="citation book cs1">Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7jCi6jCc3KcC&q=pan-slavism&pg=PA1762">"Pan-Slavism"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: N to S</i>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1762–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415939232" title="Special:BookSources/9780415939232"><bdi>9780415939232</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pan-Slavism&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+United+Nations+and+International+Agreements%3A+N+to+S&rft.pages=1762-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780415939232&rft.aulast=Osma%C5%84czyk&rft.aufirst=Edmund+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7jCi6jCc3KcC%26q%3Dpan-slavism%26pg%3DPA1762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Petrovich B.M. The Emergence of Russian Panslavism, 1856-1870 (Columbia University Press, 1956)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiasanovsky2006" class="citation book cs1">Riasanovsky, Nicholas Valentine (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN0195121791"><i>A History of Russia</i></a> (6th ed.). US: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 450. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512179-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512179-7"><bdi>978-0-19-512179-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Russia&rft.place=US&rft.pages=450&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512179-7&rft.aulast=Riasanovsky&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Valentine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DISBN0195121791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Snyder, Louis L. <i>Encyclopedia of Nationalism</i> (1990) pp 309–315.</li> <li>Tobolka Z. Der Panslavismus, Zeitschrift fur Politik, 6 (1913)</li> <li>Vyšný, Paul. <i>Neo-Slavism and the Czechs, 1898-1914</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1977).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYiǧit_Gülseven2016" class="citation journal cs1">Yiǧit Gülseven, Aslı (26 October 2016). "Rethinking Russian pan-Slavism in the Ottoman Balkans: N.P. Ignatiev and the Slavic Benevolent Committee (1856–77)". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>53</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">332–</span>348. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2016.1243532">10.1080/00263206.2016.1243532</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11693%2F37207">11693/37207</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220378577">220378577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Russian+pan-Slavism+in+the+Ottoman+Balkans%3A+N.P.+Ignatiev+and+the+Slavic+Benevolent+Committee+%281856%E2%80%9377%29&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E332-%3C%2Fspan%3E348&rft.date=2016-10-26&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11693%2F37207&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220378577%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0026-3206&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2016.1243532&rft.aulast=Yi%C7%A7it+G%C3%BClseven&rft.aufirst=Asl%C4%B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APan-Slavism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"Pan-Slavism" in <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Encyclopedia" title="Columbia Encyclopedia">Columbia Encyclopedia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pan-Slavism" title="Template:Pan-Slavism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pan-Slavism" title="Template talk:Pan-Slavism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-Slavism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-Slavism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pan-Slavism73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pan-Slavism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_colors" title="Pan-Slavic colors">Pan-Slavic colors</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hey,_Slavs" title="Hey, Slavs">Hey, Slavs</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_studies" title="Slavic studies">Slavic studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Slavists" title="International Congress of Slavists">International Congress of Slavists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Slavic_Congress,_1848" title="Prague Slavic Congress, 1848">Slavic Congress of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Slav_Epic" title="The Slav Epic">The Slav Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdravljica" title="Zdravljica">Zdravljica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronica_Slavorum" title="Chronica Slavorum">Chronica Slavorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnoldi_Chronica_Slavorum" title="Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum">Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavic_language" title="Pan-Slavic language">Pan-Slavic languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interslavic" title="Interslavic">Interslavic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF,_zachovej_n%C3%A1m,_Pane%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postcard depicting Saints Cyril and Methodius, with text in several Slavic languages"><img alt="Postcard depicting Saints Cyril and Methodius, with text in several Slavic languages" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg/100px-Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg/150px-Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg/200px-Pan-Slavic_postcard_%22D%C4%9Bdictv%C3%AD_otc%C5%AF%2C_zachovej_n%C3%A1m%2C_Pane%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations and movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_movement" title="Illyrian movement">Illyrian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slavism" title="Austro-Slavism">Austro-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochvennichestvo" title="Pochvennichestvo">Pochvennichestvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Slavism" title="Neo-Slavism">Neo-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Party" title="Slavic Party">Slavic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokol_movement" title="Sokol movement">Sokol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praskozorje" title="Praskozorje">Praskozorje</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matija_Ban" title="Matija Ban">Matija Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florian_Ceynowa" title="Florian Ceynowa">Florian Ceynowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hartwig" title="Nicholas Hartwig">Nicholas Hartwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Herke%C4%BE" title="Ján Herkeľ">Ján Herkeľ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Jenko" title="Simon Jenko">Simon Jenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Koll%C3%A1r" title="Ján Kollár">Ján Kollár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juraj_Kri%C5%BEani%C4%87" title="Juraj Križanić">Juraj Križanić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matija_Majar" title="Matija Majar">Matija Majar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miladinov_brothers" title="Miladinov brothers">Miladinov brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavro_Orbini" title="Mavro Orbini">Mavro Orbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Pogodin" title="Mikhail Pogodin">Mikhail Pogodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puni%C5%A1a_Ra%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Puniša Račić">Puniša Račić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Arno%C5%A1t_Smoler" title="Jan Arnošt Smoler">Jan Arnošt Smoler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksa_%C5%A0anti%C4%87" title="Aleksa Šantić">Aleksa Šantić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_%C5%A0t%C3%BAr" title="Ľudovít Štúr">Ľudovít Štúr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moskvityanin" title="Moskvityanin">Moskvityanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Review" title="Slavic Review">Slavic Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Anti-Slavic sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic native faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Slavic_languages" title="East Slavic languages">East Slavic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic languages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Slavic language">Proto-Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Christian_Slavic_writing" title="Pre-Christian Slavic writing">Pre-Christian Slavic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_names" title="Slavic names">Slavic names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1a" title="Haplogroup R1a">Haplogroup R-M420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavicisation" title="Slavicisation">Slavicisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matica" title="Matica">Matica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Literary_Agreement" title="Vienna Literary Agreement">Vienna Literary Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_relations_(1814–1919)105" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Power_diplomacy" title="Template:Great Power diplomacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Power_diplomacy" title="Template talk:Great Power diplomacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Power_diplomacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Power diplomacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_relations_(1814–1919)105" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">International relations (1814–1919)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great powers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Alliance_(1882)" title="Triple Alliance (1882)">Triple Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Alliance_(1879)" title="Dual Alliance (1879)">Dual Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">Triple Entente</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Russian_Alliance" title="Franco-Russian Alliance">Franco-Russian Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entente_Cordiale" title="Entente Cordiale">Entente Cordiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_Convention" title="Anglo-Russian Convention">Anglo-Russian Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_Alliance" title="Anglo-Japanese Alliance">Anglo-Japanese Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Three_Emperors" title="League of the Three Emperors">League of the Three Emperors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-Nation_Alliance" title="Eight-Nation Alliance">Eight-Nation Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_League" title="Balkan League">Balkan League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_balance_of_power" title="European balance of power">European balance of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman decline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_question" title="Eastern question">Eastern question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire">Spread of nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_public_debt" title="Ottoman public debt">Sovereign debt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French%E2%80%93German_enmity" title="French–German enmity">French–German enmity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Britannica" title="Pax Britannica">Pax Britannica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Imperialism" title="New Imperialism">New Imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Lever" title="Egyptian Lever">Egyptian Lever</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">In Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Game" title="Great Game">Great Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_China" title="Scramble for China">Scramble for China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Door_Policy" title="Open Door Policy">Open Door Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rapprochement" title="Great Rapprochement">Great Rapprochement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">Second Industrial Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">Industrial warfare</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties and<br />agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles_(1871)" title="Treaty of Versailles (1871)">Treaty of Versailles (1871)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Frankfurt_(1871)" title="Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)">Treaty of Frankfurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance_Treaty" title="Reinsurance Treaty">Reinsurance Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)" title="Treaty of Paris (1898)">Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bj%C3%B6rk%C3%B6" title="Treaty of Björkö">Treaty of Björkö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taft%E2%80%93Katsura_agreement" title="Taft–Katsura agreement">Taft–Katsura agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martens_Clause" title="Martens Clause">Martens Clause</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1905" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905">Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racconigi_Bargain" title="Racconigi Bargain">Racconigi agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Franco-Russian_agreement" title="1917 Franco-Russian agreement">1917 Franco-Russian agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia">Formation of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">Unification of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Great Eastern Crisis">Great Eastern Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Conference" title="Berlin Conference">Berlin Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt%E2%80%93Toulon_naval_visits" title="Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits">Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weltpolitik" title="Weltpolitik">Weltpolitik</a></i></li> <li>Naval arms races <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_naval_arms_race" title="Anglo-German naval arms race">Anglo-German</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Naval_Laws" title="German Naval Laws">German Naval Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Italian_ironclad_arms_race" title="Austro-Italian ironclad arms race">Austro-Italian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashoda_Incident" title="Fashoda Incident">Fashoda Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">Annexation of Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902%E2%80%931903" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903">Venezuela Naval Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_boundary_dispute" title="Alaska boundary dispute">Alaska boundary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">First Moroccan Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_Conference" title="Algeciras Conference">Algeciras Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fes" title="Treaty of Fes">Treaty of Fes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_War" title="Anglo-Egyptian War">Anglo-Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second</a></li> <li>Albanian Revolts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Third</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_nationalism315" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_nationalism" title="Template:Ethnic nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_nationalism" title="Template talk:Ethnic nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_nationalism315" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalisms<br />in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_nationalism" title="Coptic nationalism">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationalism" title="Egyptian nationalism">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharaonism" title="Pharaonism">Pharaonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabyle nationalism">Kabyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_nationalism" title="Sahrawi nationalism">Sahrawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acholi_nationalism" title="Acholi nationalism">Acholi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_nationalism" title="Amhara nationalism">Amhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationalism" title="Somali nationalism">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigrayan_nationalism" title="Tigrayan nationalism">Tigrayan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_nationalism" title="Igbo nationalism">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_nationalism" title="Ogoni nationalism">Ogoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism" title="Afrikaner nationalism">Afrikaner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_nationalism" title="Chicano nationalism">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" title="Greenlandic independence">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_self-government_in_Canada" title="Indigenous self-government in Canada">Indigenous Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lakotah_proposal" title="Republic of Lakotah proposal">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Québécois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Sequoyah" title="State of Sequoyah">Sequoyahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noirism" title="Noirism">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Independence movement in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_nationalism" title="Argentine nationalism">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_nationalism" title="Chilean nationalism">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creole_nationalism" title="Creole nationalism">Criollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Peruvian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_nationalism" title="Assyrian nationalism">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationalism" title="Iranian nationalism">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golus_nationalism" title="Golus nationalism">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationalism" title="Jordanian nationalism">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationalism" title="Lebanese nationalism">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Turkish Cypriot nationalism">in Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_nationalism" title="Zaza nationalism">Zaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_nationalism" title="Cantonese nationalism">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_nationalism" title="Han nationalism">Han</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">chauvinist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hongkonger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism_in_Japan" title="Ethnic nationalism in Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchurian_nationalism" title="Manchurian nationalism">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawan nationalism">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_independence_movement" title="Ryukyu independence movement">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_separatist_movements" title="Assam separatist movements">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">in Bangladesh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_nationalism" title="Bodo nationalism">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_nationalism" title="Dravidian nationalism">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_nationalism" title="Hazara nationalism">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_nationalism" title="Meitei nationalism">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_nationalism" title="Naga nationalism">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_nationalism" title="Punjabi nationalism">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_nationalism" title="Sindhi nationalism">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_nationalism" title="Tamil nationalism">Tamil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_nationalism" title="Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism">in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_nationalism" title="Tripuri nationalism">Tripuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South-eastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_nationalism" title="Filipino nationalism">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_nationalism" title="Khmer nationalism">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon nationalism">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan nationalism">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_nationalism" title="Thai nationalism">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_nationalism" title="Vietnamese nationalism">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern & Middle Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_nationalism" title="Baloch nationalism">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_independence_movement" title="Inner Mongolian independence movement">South Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_nationalism" title="Pashtun nationalism">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_regionalism" title="Siberian regionalism">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_nationalism" title="Uyghur nationalism">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_nationalism" title="Yakut nationalism">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationalism" title="Armenian nationalism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_nationalism" title="Azerbaijani nationalism">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationalism" title="Georgian nationalism">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz_nationalism" title="Laz nationalism">Laz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Albania" title="Albanian nationalism in Albania">in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Kosovo" title="Albanian nationalism in Kosovo">in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanian nationalism in North Macedonia">in North Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_nationalism" title="Aromanian nationalism">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_nationalism" title="Bosniak nationalism">Bosniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">in Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovenism" title="Moldovenism">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani nationalism">Romani (Gypsy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationalism" title="Romanian nationalism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationalism" title="Austrian nationalism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_nationalism" title="Bavarian nationalism">Bavarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nationalism" title="Czech nationalism">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_nationalism" title="Frisian nationalism">Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism_in_Austria" title="German nationalism in Austria">in Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">Völkisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationalism" title="Hungarian nationalism">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationalism" title="Polish nationalism">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_independence" title="Silesian independence">Silesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_nationalism" title="Slovak nationalism">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_nationalism" title="Belarusian nationalism">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddishist_movement" title="Yiddishist movement">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkar_and_Karachay_nationalism" title="Balkar and Karachay nationalism">Balkar and Karachay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_nationalism" title="Circassian nationalism">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_nationalism" title="Ingush nationalism">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lezgin nationalism">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_nationalism" title="Ossetian nationalism">Ossetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volga Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_nationalism" title="Chuvash nationalism">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_nationalism" title="Tatar nationalism">Tatar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch nationalism">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_nationalism" title="Occitan nationalism">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Movement" title="Walloon Movement">Walloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_nationalism" title="English nationalism">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_nationalism" title="Ulster nationalism">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arpitania" title="Arpitania">Arpitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_nationalism" title="Corsican nationalism">Corsican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationalism" title="Italian nationalism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_nationalism" title="Lombard nationalism">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_nationalism" title="Padanian nationalism">Padanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_nationalism" title="Sardinian nationalism">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_nationalism" title="Sicilian nationalism">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_nationalism" title="Venetian nationalism">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationalism" title="Spanish nationalism">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_nationalism" title="Andalusian nationalism">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_nationalism" title="Aragonese nationalism">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_nationalism" title="Asturian nationalism">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_nationalism" title="Canarian nationalism">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_nationalism" title="Castilian nationalism">Castilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_nationalism" title="Galician nationalism">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarrese_nationalism" title="Navarrese nationalism">Navarrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_nationalism" title="Valencian nationalism">Valencian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_nationalism" title="Estonian nationalism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_independence_movement" title="Faroese independence movement">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationalism" title="Finnish nationalism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nationalism" title="Icelandic nationalism">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationalism" title="Norwegian nationalism">Norwegian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sovereignty_movement" title="Hawaiian sovereignty movement">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indigenous_sovereignty" title="Australian Indigenous sovereignty">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_nationalism_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Congolese nationalism (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Finnicism" title="Pan-Finnicism">Finnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhispanism" title="Panhispanism">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberism" title="Iberism">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Latinism" title="Pan-Latinism">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationalism" title="Libyan nationalism">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indianism" title="Pan-Indianism">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationalism" title="Nigerian nationalism">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Oceanian" title="Pan-Oceanian">Oceanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavism" title="Scandinavism">Scandinavian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">South Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationalism" title="Tunisian nationalism">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandan nationalism">Ugandan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsace independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_separatist_movements" title="Assam separatist movements">Assam separatist movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_independence_movement" title="Assyrian independence movement">Assyrian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">Catalan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa_independence_movement" title="Champa independence movement">Champa independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement" title="East Turkestan independence movement">East Turkestan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_independence_movement" title="Faroese independence movement">Faroese independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Aceh_Movement" title="Free Aceh Movement">Free Aceh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Papua_Movement" title="Free Papua Movement">Free Papua Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_%C3%85land" title="Future of Åland">Future of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_independence_movement" title="Galician independence movement">Galician independence movement (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" title="Greenlandic independence">Greenlandic independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_nationalism" title="Cantonese nationalism">Guangdong Independence Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sovereignty_movement" title="Hawaiian sovereignty movement">Hawaiian sovereignty movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_independence_movement" title="Inner Mongolian independence movement">Inner Mongolian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_Association" title="Kashubian Association">Kashubian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict#Mapuche_Activist_Movements_and_Government_Responses" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche separatist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Independence_Movement" title="Muslim Independence Movement">Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_of_Corsica" title="National Liberation Front of Corsica">National Liberation Front of Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patani_United_Liberation_Organisation" title="Patani United Liberation Organisation">Patani United Liberation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_independence_movement" title="Ryukyu independence movement">Ryukyu independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_regionalism" title="Siberian regionalism">Siberian regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Autonomy_Movement" title="Silesian Autonomy Movement">Silesian Autonomy Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_autonomy_movement" title="Székely autonomy movement">Székely autonomy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Tibetan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojvodina_Autonomist_Movement" title="Vojvodina Autonomist Movement">Vojvodina Autonomist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallmapuwen" title="Wallmapuwen">Wallmapuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Movement" title="Walloon Movement">Walloon Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad">Azawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawaristan" title="Balawaristan">Balawaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country (greater region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Countries" title="Catalan Countries">Catalan Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chameria" title="Chameria">Chameria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatay_State" title="Hatay State">Hatay State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazarajat" title="Hazarajat">Hazarajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Herzeg-Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilirida" title="Ilirida">Ilirida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpakstan" title="Karakalpakstan">Karakalpakstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katarism" title="Katarism">Katarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgistan" title="Lezgistan">Lezgistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Abhimaangeet" title="Marathi Abhimaangeet">Marathi Abhimaangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus" title="Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetia" title="Ossetia">Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Department_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraikistan">Saraikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhudesh_movement" title="Sindhudesh movement">Sindhudesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam" title="Tamil Eelam">Tamil Eelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_ethnic_nationalism" title="Local ethnic nationalism">Local (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenismo" title="Indigenismo">American Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="wrap"><i><b>Note</b>: Forms of nationalism based primarily on <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a></i>.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pan-nationalist_concepts113" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pan-nationalist_concepts" title="Template:Pan-nationalist concepts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pan-nationalist_concepts" title="Template talk:Pan-nationalist concepts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-nationalist_concepts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-nationalist concepts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pan-nationalist_concepts113" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalist concepts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlanticism" title="Atlanticism">Atlanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_Confederation_plan" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan Confederation plan">Afghan-Pakistani unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Slavism" title="Austro-Slavism">Austro-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berberism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Bulgaria_and_Romania" title="Union of Bulgaria and Romania">Bulgarian-Romanian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">Canada-USA unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_reunification" title="Central American reunification">Centralamericanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands-Indonesia_Union" title="Netherlands-Indonesia Union">Dutch-Indonesian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian%E2%80%93Finnish_federation" title="Estonian–Finnish federation">Estonian-Finnish unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent_Plan" title="Fertile Crescent Plan">Fertile Crescent unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaucho_traditionalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaucho traditionalism (page does not exist)">Gaucho traditionalism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicionalismo_ga%C3%BAcho" class="extiw" title="pt:Tradicionalismo gaúcho">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek%E2%80%93Yugoslav_confederation" title="Greek–Yugoslav confederation">Greek-Yugoslavian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Hungary_and_Romania" title="Union of Hungary and Romania">Hungarian-Romanian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Confederation" title="Indo-Pakistani Confederation">Indian-Pakistani Unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Israeli-Palestinian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinoamericanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latinoamericanism (page does not exist)">Latinoamericanism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integraci%C3%B3n_latinoamericana" class="extiw" title="es:Integración latinoamericana">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenoturkism" title="Hellenoturkism">Hellenoturkism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanoamericanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispanoamericanism (page does not exist)">Hispanoamericanism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanoamericanismo" class="extiw" title="es:Hispanoamericanismo">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_East_European_States" title="League of East European States">League of East European States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miatsum" title="Miatsum">Miatsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Neo-Ottomanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_China" title="One China">One China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Romanian-Moldovan unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_African_States" title="Union of African States">Union of African States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Federation" title="Mali Federation">Mali Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahel-Benin_Union" title="Sahel-Benin Union">Sahel-Benin Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Americanism" title="Pan-Americanism">Pan-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Andinism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-Andinism (page does not exist)">Pan-Andinism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panandinismo" class="extiw" title="es:Panandinismo">es</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Ecuador,_Peru_and_Bolivia" title="United Kingdom of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia">Ecuadorian-Peruvian-Bolivian unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peruvian-Bolivian_unionism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peruvian-Bolivian unionism (page does not exist)">Peruvian-Bolivian unionism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionismo_peruano-boliviano" class="extiw" title="es:Unionismo peruano-boliviano">es</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Hashemite unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libyan-Syrian_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libyan-Syrian Union (page does not exist)">Libyan-Syrian Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic" title="Arab Islamic Republic">Arab Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Hussein%27s_federation_plan" title="King Hussein's federation plan">Jordania-Palestine unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)">Union of Arab Republics (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">Iraq-Kuwait unionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Caribbean" title="Pan-Caribbean">Pan-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Caucasianism" title="Pan-Caucasianism">Pan-Caucasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_identity" title="Pan-European identity">Pan-Europeanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Europe" title="Federal Europe">European unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">Pan-European nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Finnicism" title="Pan-Finnicism">Pan-Finnicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ugric_languages" title="Ugric languages">Pan-Ugrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhispanism" title="Panhispanism">Panhispanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_federalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian federalism">Pan-Iberism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indianism" title="Pan-Indianism">Pan-Indianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Pan-Iranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Latinism" title="Pan-Latinism">Pan-Latinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterraneanism" title="Mediterraneanism">Mediterraneanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Pan-Mongolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Oceanian" title="Pan-Oceanian">Pan-Oceanianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_confederation" title="Polish–Czechoslovak confederation">Polish-Czechoslovak unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reintegrationism" title="Reintegrationism">Reintegrationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saint_Martin" title="Unification of Saint Martin">Saint Martin unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavism" title="Scandinavism">Scandinavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Pan-Serbism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Tatarism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-Tatarism (page does not exist)">Pan-Tatarism</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="ru:Пантатаризм">ru</a>; <a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="tt:Пантатаризм">tt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattachism" title="Rattachism">Rattachism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland" title="Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland">Rhodesia-Nyasaland unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Union_Treaty" title="New Union Treaty">Soviet reunificationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Switzerland#Proposals_for_expansion" title="Territorial evolution of Switzerland">Switzerland expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Turanism" title="Hungarian Turanism">Hungarian Turanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territorial<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abya_Yala" title="Abya Yala">Abya Yala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">African federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rapprochement" title="Great Rapprochement">Anglo-American unificationism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antillean_Confederation" title="Antillean Confederation">Antillean Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Federation" title="Balkan Federation">Balkan Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltoscandia" title="Baltoscandia">Baltoscandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unionism in the United Kingdom">British unionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Federation" title="Imperial Federation">Imperial Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascadia_movement" title="Cascadia movement">Cascadia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Countries" title="Catalan Countries">Catalan Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossackia" title="Cossackia">Cossackia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danubian_Confederation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danubian Confederation (page does not exist)">Danubian Confederation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donauf%C3%B6deration" class="extiw" title="de:Donauföderation">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalisation_of_the_European_Union" title="Federalisation of the European Union">Federalisation of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_irredentism" title="Cambodian irredentism">Greater Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Caribbean Antilles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-British_Union" title="Franco-British Union">Franco-British Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Albania_and_Kosovo" title="Unification of Albania and Kosovo">Unification of Albania and Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_irredentism" title="Argentine irredentism">Greater Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Greater Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bosnia" title="Greater Bosnia">Greater Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_irredentism" title="Bulgarian irredentism">Greater Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Greater Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nationalism" title="Eritrean nationalism">Eritrean national identity nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_nationalism" title="Ethiopian nationalism">Ethiopian national identity nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Finland" title="Greater Finland">Greater Finland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galicia_irredenta" title="Galicia irredenta">Galicia irredenta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Greater Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Indonesia" title="Greater Indonesia">Greater Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Iraq">Greater Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_imperialism_under_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian imperialism under Fascism">Greater Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Greater Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista_(Mexico)" title="Reconquista (Mexico)">Greater Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Moldova" title="Greater Moldova">Greater Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Nepal" title="Greater Nepal">Greater Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Netherlands" title="Greater Netherlands">Greater Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Norway">Greater Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Palestine">Greater Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_irredentism" title="Polish irredentism">Greater Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portugaliza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portugaliza (page does not exist)">Greater Portugal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugaliza" class="extiw" title="pt:Portugaliza">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Greater Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_unification" title="Samoan unification">Greater Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Greater Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_irredentism" title="Spanish irredentism">Greater Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Greater Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tamil_Nadu" title="Greater Tamil Nadu">Greater Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Timor" title="Great Timor">Great Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian irredentism">Greater Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_irredentism" title="Vietnamese irredentism">Greater Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Yemen">Greater Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Greater Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanidad" title="Hispanidad">Hispanidad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indosphere" title="Indosphere">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermarium" title="Intermarium">Intermarium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Poland" title="United States of Poland">United States of Poland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Union" title="North American Union">North American Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_world" title="Portuguese-speaking world">Lusosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malay world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maphilindo" title="Maphilindo">Maphilindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misak-%C4%B1_Mill%C3%AE" title="Misak-ı Millî">Misak-ı Millî (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_nationalism" title="Occitan nationalism">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_nationalism" title="Padanian nationalism">Padanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patria_Grande" title="Patria Grande">Patria Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_confederation" title="Polynesian confederation">Polynesian confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world">Russian world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Sahel_States" title="Alliance of Sahel States">Sahel Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia_Confederation" title="Senegambia Confederation">Senegambia Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamazgha" title="Tamazgha">Tamazgha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">Triune Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Armenia" title="United Armenia">United Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">United Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Azerbaijan" title="Whole Azerbaijan">Whole Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambesia" title="Zambesia">Zambesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Pan-ethnic</a><br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habesha_peoples" title="Habesha peoples">Habesha peoples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_nationalism236" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_nationalism" title="Template:Russian nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_nationalism" title="Template talk:Russian nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_nationalism236" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Expansionism,imperialism_andRussification117" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Russia" title="Territorial evolution of Russia">Expansionism</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">imperialism</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">Russification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Russia_(1500%E2%80%931800)" title="Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)">1500–1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Siberia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Khanate_of_Sibir" title="Conquest of the Khanate of Sibir">Khanate of Sibir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_the_Crimean_Khanate_by_the_Russian_Empire" title="Annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire">Crimea, 1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Annexation" title="Amur Annexation">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_the_Caucasus" title="Russian conquest of the Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_military_occupations" title="Category:Russian military occupations">Military occupations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Crimea, 2014</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Ukrainian_language_suppression" title="Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression">Ukrainian language suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavophilia" title="Slavophilia">Slavophilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westernizer" title="Westernizer">westernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochvennichestvo" title="Pochvennichestvo">Pochvennichestvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds" title="Black Hundreds">Black Hundreds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mladorossy" title="Mladorossy">Mladorossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Russophilia" title="Galician Russophilia">Galician Russophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenovekhovtsy" title="Smenovekhovtsy">Smenovekhovtsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Russian_Solidarists" title="National Alliance of Russian Solidarists">Solidarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 constitutional crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Russia)" title="National Salvation Front (Russia)">National Salvation Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_march" title="Russian march">Russian marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Manezhnaya_Square_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Manezhnaya Square riots">2010 Manezhnaya Square riots</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_(2010)" class="extiw" title="ru:Беспорядки на Манежной площади (2010)">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Biryulyovo_riots" title="2013 Biryulyovo riots">2013 Biryulyovo riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">All-Russian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collector_of_Russian_lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Collector of Russian lands">Collector of Russian lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_all_the_Russias" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of all the Russias">Emperor of all the Russias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Russian_identity" title="Little Russian identity">Little Russian identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism_in_Russia" title="Ethnic nationalism in Russia">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayrope" title="Gayrope">Gayrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Rus" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Rus">Holy Rus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow,_third_Rome" title="Moscow, third Rome">Moscow, third Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Orthodoxy" title="Nuclear Orthodoxy">Nuclear Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_all_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Of all Rus'">Of all Rus'</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="ru:Всея Руси">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96" class="extiw" title="uk:Всія Русі">uk</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy,_Autocracy,_and_Nationality" title="Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality">Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy_or_death!" title="Orthodoxy or death!">Orthodoxy or death!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_for_Russians" title="Russia for Russians">Russia for Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_civilization" title="Russian civilization">Russian civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Idea" title="Russian Idea">Russian Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russian irredentism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories" title="Russian-occupied territories">Russian-occupied territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymnash" title="Krymnash">Krymnash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_soul" title="Russian soul">Russian soul</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Russian_world" title="Russian world">Russian world</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">Russophilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Russophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United,_Great,_and_Indivisible_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United, Great, and Indivisible Russia (page does not exist)">United and Indivisible Russia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F,_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Россия единая, великая и неделимая">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Росія єдина, велика і неподільна">uk</a>]</span></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasianism" title="Eurasianism">Eurasianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Russia" title="Far-right politics in Russia">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sovietism" title="Neo-Sovietism">Neo-Sovietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pan-Slavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_patriotism" title="Soviet patriotism">Soviet patriotism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division_Russland" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomwaffen Division Russland">Atomwaffen Division Russland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hundreds#Modern_version" title="Black Hundreds">Black Hundreds (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots" title="Club of Angry Patriots">Club of Angry Patriots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angry_patriots" title="Angry patriots">Angry patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(movement)" title="Donetsk Republic (movement)">Donetsk Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essence_of_Time" title="Essence of Time">Essence of Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_National_Union" title="Ethnic National Union">Ethnic National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasia Movement">Eurasia Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia_Party" title="Eurasia Party">Eurasia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Donbas" title="Free Donbas">Free Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russia_(political_party)" title="Great Russia (political party)">Great Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Russia">Liberal Democratic Party of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_People%27s_Party" title="Lithuanian People's Party">Lithuanian People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narodny_Sobor" title="Narodny Sobor">Narodny Sobor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_/_White_Power" title="National Socialism / White Power">National Socialism / White Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obnovlenie" title="Obnovlenie">Obnovlenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Association" title="Popular Resistance Association">Popular Resistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Bloc_(Russia)" title="Right Bloc (Russia)">Right Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodina_(political_party)" title="Rodina (political party)">Rodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_All-People%27s_Union" title="Russian All-People's Union">Russian All-People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Front" title="Russian National Front">Russian National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russians_(organization)" title="Russians (organization)">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russkiy_Mir_Foundation" title="Russkiy Mir Foundation">Russkiy Mir Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Party_Oathkeepers" title="Serbian Party Oathkeepers">Serbian Party Oathkeepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Banner-Bearers" title="Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers">Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Russia" title="United Russia">United Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Guard_of_United_Russia" title="Young Guard of United Russia">Young Guard of United Russia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artpodgotovka" title="Artpodgotovka">Artpodgotovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Terrorist_Organization" title="Combat Terrorist Organization">Combat Terrorist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Russian_Communities" title="Congress of Russian Communities">Congress of Russian Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format18" title="Format18">Format18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union">Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_State" title="Male State">Male State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_Against_Illegal_Immigration" title="Movement Against Illegal Immigration">Movement Against Illegal Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_and_Freedom_Committee" title="Nation and Freedom Committee">Nation and Freedom Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevik_Party" title="National Bolshevik Party">National Bolshevik Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Russian_Liberation_Movement" title="National Russian Liberation Movement">National Russian Liberation Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Society" title="National Socialist Society">National Socialist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Brotherhood" title="Northern Brotherhood">Northern Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamyat" title="Pamyat">Pamyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Party_(Russia)" title="People's National Party (Russia)">People's National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_All-National_Union" title="Russian All-National Union">Russian All-National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Socialist_Party" title="Russian National Socialist Party">Russian National Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Union" title="Russian National Union">Russian National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity" title="Russian National Unity">Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Unity_(2000)" title="Russian National Unity (2000)">New Russian National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Savior_(paramilitary_organization)" title="The Savior (paramilitary organization)">The Savior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)" title="Slavic Union (Russia)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Russian_People_(2005)" title="Union of the Russian People (2005)">Union of the Russian People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After 1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Alksnis" title="Viktor Alksnis">Viktor Alksnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Baburin" title="Sergey Baburin">Sergey Baburin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Barkashov" title="Alexander Barkashov">Alexander Barkashov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Potkin" title="Alexander Potkin">Alexander Belov-Potkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Demushkin" title="Dmitry Demushkin">Dmitry Demushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Galkovsky" title="Dmitry Galkovsky">Dmitry Galkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Ivanov-Sukharevsky" title="Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky">Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Kasimovsky" title="Konstantin Kasimovsky">Konstantin Kasimovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegor_Kholmogorov" title="Yegor Kholmogorov">Yegor Kholmogorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Krylov" title="Konstantin Krylov">Konstantin Krylov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kvachkov" title="Vladimir Kvachkov">Vladimir Kvachkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lebed" title="Alexander Lebed">Alexander Lebed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Eduard Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Maltsev" title="Vyacheslav Maltsev">Vyacheslav Maltsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Martsinkevich" title="Maxim Martsinkevich">Maxim Martsinkevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhar_Prilepin" title="Zakhar Prilepin">Zakhar Prilepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Rogozin" title="Dmitry Rogozin">Dmitry Rogozin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Shafarevich" title="Igor Shafarevich">Igor Shafarevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Dmitriyevich_Vasilyev" title="Dmitri Dmitriyevich Vasilyev">Dmitri Vasilyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky" title="Vladimir Zhirinovsky">Vladimir Zhirinovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov" title="Gennady Zyuganov">Gennady Zyuganov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ivan Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnov" title="Pyotr Krasnov">Pyotr Krasnov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rodzaevsky" title="Konstantin Rodzaevsky">Konstantin Rodzaevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Skobelev" title="Mikhail Skobelev">Mikhail Skobelev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Solonevich" title="Ivan Solonevich">Ivan Solonevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Shulgin" title="Vasily Shulgin">Vasily Shulgin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fashist" title="Fashist">Fashist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory" title="The Fourth Political Theory">The Fourth Political Theory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics" title="Foundations of Geopolitics">Foundations of Geopolitics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_chronology_(Fomenko)" title="New chronology (Fomenko)">History: Fiction or Science?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Will_of_a_Russian_Fascist" title="The Last Will of a Russian Fascist">The Last Will of a Russian Fascist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nash_Put%27_(newspaper)" title="Nash Put' (newspaper)">Nash Put'</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebuilding_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebuilding Russia (page does not exist)">Rebuilding Russia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8E%3F" class="extiw" title="ru:Как нам обустроить Россию?">ru</a>]</span>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine" title="What Russia Should Do with Ukraine">What Russia Should Do with Ukraine</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opposition and criticism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_chauvinism" title="Great Russian chauvinism">Great Russian chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iazychie" title="Iazychie">Iazychie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashism" title="Nashism">Nashism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruscism" title="Ruscism">Ruscism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_of_peoples" title="Prison of peoples">Prison of peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobedobesie" title="Pobedobesie">Pobedobesie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatnik" title="Vatnik">Vatnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volos_Declaration" title="Volos Declaration">Volos Declaration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Russian_nationalism" title="Category:Russian nationalism">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182267#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1453" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182267#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1453" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182267#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4173186-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85097485">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Panslavisme"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119794744">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Panslavisme"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119794744">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="panslavismus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph123935&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007560643605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/panslavizm">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&oldid=1275764001">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pan-Slavism&oldid=1275764001</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pan-Slavism" title="Category:Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pan-nationalism" title="Category:Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_theories" title="Category:Political theories">Political theories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Galician_Russophilia" title="Category:Galician 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