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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Examples by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" 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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Exurb</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="اکسرب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکسرب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exurbs" title="Exurbs – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exurbs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E9%83%8A%E5%A4%96" title="準郊外 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="準郊外" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%C3%BArbio" title="Exúrbio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Exúrbio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E9%83%8A" title="遠郊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="遠郊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25398029#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exurban&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Exurban">Exurban</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Area of lower population density than suburbs</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Near_the_%22Wedge%22_on_Delaware-Maryland-Pennsylvania_State_Line_(2894743106).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Near_the_%22Wedge%22_on_Delaware-Maryland-Pennsylvania_State_Line_%282894743106%29.jpg/220px-Near_the_%22Wedge%22_on_Delaware-Maryland-Pennsylvania_State_Line_%282894743106%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Near_the_%22Wedge%22_on_Delaware-Maryland-Pennsylvania_State_Line_%282894743106%29.jpg/330px-Near_the_%22Wedge%22_on_Delaware-Maryland-Pennsylvania_State_Line_%282894743106%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Near_the_%22Wedge%22_on_Delaware-Maryland-Pennsylvania_State_Line_%282894743106%29.jpg/440px-Near_the_%22Wedge%22_on_Delaware-Maryland-Pennsylvania_State_Line_%282894743106%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Exurban-style density along the Pennsylvania–Maryland–Delaware border, part of <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Philadelphia metropolitan area</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Massies_Corner_to_Mount_Airy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Massies_Corner_to_Mount_Airy.svg/220px-Massies_Corner_to_Mount_Airy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Massies_Corner_to_Mount_Airy.svg/330px-Massies_Corner_to_Mount_Airy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Massies_Corner_to_Mount_Airy.svg/440px-Massies_Corner_to_Mount_Airy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>Exurban development (left side) blends into suburban development (right side) in <a href="/wiki/Loudoun_County,_Virginia" title="Loudoun County, Virginia">Loudoun County, Virginia</a>, in the western part of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore%E2%80%93Washington_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area">Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>exurb</b> (or alternately: <b>exurban area</b>) is an area outside the typically denser inner <a href="/wiki/Suburbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburbs">suburban area</a>, at the edge of a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, which has some economic and commuting connection to the metro area, low housing-density,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and relatively high population-growth.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It shapes an interface between <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural</a> landscapes, holding a limited urban nature for its functional, economic, and social interaction with the <a href="/wiki/City_centre" title="City centre">urban center</a>, due to its dominant residential character.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exurbs consist of "agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and beyond the surrounding suburbs.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exurb&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>exurb</i> (a <a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of <i>extra (outside)</i> and <i>urban</i>) was coined by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Comte_Spectorsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Comte Spectorsky (page does not exist)">Auguste Comte Spectorsky</a>, in his 1955 book <i>The Exurbanites</i>, to describe the ring of prosperous communities beyond the <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a>, that are <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter towns</a> for an urban area.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other uses the term has expanded to include popular extraurban districts which nonetheless may have poor transportation and underdeveloped economies due to their distance from the <a href="/wiki/Urban_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban center">urban center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shenjia_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shenjia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Exurbs can be defined in terms of <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> across the extended urban area, for example "the urban core (old urban areas including <a href="/wiki/Siming,_Xiamen" title="Siming, Xiamen">Siming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huli,_Xiamen" title="Huli, Xiamen">Huli</a>, where the population density is greater than 51 persons per ha), the suburban zone (old urban and new urban transitional zones including Haicang and Jimei, where the population density is greater than 8 persons per ha), and the exurban areas (newly urbanized areas including <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an,_Xiamen" title="Tong'an, Xiamen">Tong'an</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiang%27an,_Xiamen" title="Xiang'an, Xiamen">Xiang'an</a>, where the population density is less than 8 persons per ha)".<sup id="cite_ref-Ren_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ren-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mixture of urban and rural environments raises ecological issues.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ren_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ren-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_by_country">Examples by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exurb&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exurb&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changping District">Changping District</a>, Beijing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunyi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunyi District">Shunyi District</a>, Beijing</li> <li>Shenjia village, <a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi city</a>, Hunan province<sup id="cite_ref-Shenjia_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shenjia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exurb&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rublyovka" title="Rublyovka">Rublyovka</a>, Moscow<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exurb&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_exurbs_in_the_United_States" title="List of exurbs in the United States">List of exurbs in the United States</a></div> <p>Since the <i>Finding Exurbia</i> report by the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> in 2006, the term is generally used<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for areas beyond suburbs and specifically less densely built and populated than the suburbs to which the exurbs' residents commute.<sup id="cite_ref-b2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To qualify as exurban, a <a href="/wiki/Census_tract" title="Census tract">census tract</a> must meet three criteria:<sup id="cite_ref-b2006_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Economic connection to a large metropolis.</li> <li>Low housing density: bottom third of census tracts with regard to housing density. In 2000, this was a minimum of 2.6 acres (1.1 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a>) per resident.</li> <li>Population growth exceeding the average for its central <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>.</li></ol> <p>These are based on published datasets. Alternative approaches include working with <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a> LandScan data and <a href="/wiki/GIS" class="mw-redirect" title="GIS">GIS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Exurban areas incorporate a mix of rural development (e.g., farms and open space) and in places, suburban-style development (e.g., tracts of single-family homes, though usually on large lots). In long-settled areas, such as the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a>, exurban areas incorporate pre-existing towns, villages and smaller cities, as well as strips of older single-family homes built along pre-existing roads that connected the older population centers of what was once a rural area. The Brookings Institution listed exurban counties, defined as having at least 20% of their residents in exurban <a href="/wiki/Census_tract" title="Census tract">Census tracts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-b2006_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exurb&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedroom_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedroom town">Bedroom town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural-urban_commuting_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural-urban commuting area">Rural-urban commuting area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural%E2%80%93urban_fringe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural–urban fringe">Rural–urban fringe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exurb&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGordon2022" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, David L. A. (March 24, 2022). "The Canadian Dream? Growth Trends in Canada's Suburban and Urban Neighbourhoods". In Maginn, Paul; Anacker, Katrin B. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9p9cEAAAQBAJ"><i>Suburbia in the 21st Century: From Dreamscape to Nightmare?</i></a>. Routledge Advances in Sociology. Abingdon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315644165-8">10.4324/9781315644165-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317288183" title="Special:BookSources/9781317288183"><bdi>9781317288183</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Technical definition: exurbs have a gross population density less than 150 people per square km and more than 50 per cent of workers commuting into the metropolitan area, as per OECD and Statistics Canada definitions (du Plessis et al., 2001).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Canadian+Dream%3F+Growth+Trends+in+Canada%27s+Suburban+and+Urban+Neighbourhoods&rft.btitle=Suburbia+in+the+21st+Century%3A+From+Dreamscape+to+Nightmare%3F&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.series=Routledge+Advances+in+Sociology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315644165-8&rft.isbn=9781317288183&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=David+L.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9p9cEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExurb" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpClark2013" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, Jeff S.; Clark, Jill K. (June 19, 2013). "Settling at the Margins Exurbia and Community Sociology". In Brennan, Mark A.; Bridger, Jeffrey C.; Alter, Theodore R. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CRF_EBkWr58C"><i>Theory, Practice, and Community Development</i></a>. Community Development Research and Practice. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203773710-3">10.4324/9780203773710-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135038908" title="Special:BookSources/9781135038908"><bdi>9781135038908</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2024</span>. <q>The rural-urban fringe, or what is increasingly referred to as exurbia, has attracted interest in recent years due to the relatively rapid population growth and land-use change occurring there.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Settling+at+the+Margins+Exurbia+and+Community+Sociology&rft.btitle=Theory%2C+Practice%2C+and+Community+Development&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Community+Development+Research+and+Practice&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-06-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203773710-3&rft.isbn=9781135038908&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Jeff+S.&rft.au=Clark%2C+Jill+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCRF_EBkWr58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExurb" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFra_Paleo2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fra Paleo, Urbano (2004). "Exurbia". In Caves, R. W. (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of the City</i>. Routledge. p. 254.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Exurbia&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+City&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Fra+Paleo&rft.aufirst=Urbano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExurb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirgaokar2014" class="citation journal cs1">Shirgaokar, M (2014). "Employment centers and travel behavior: exploring the work commute of Mumbai's rapidly motorizing middle class". <i>Journal of Transport Geography</i>. <b>41</b>: 249–258. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jtrangeo.2014.10.003">10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.10.003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Transport+Geography&rft.atitle=Employment+centers+and+travel+behavior%3A+exploring+the+work+commute+of+Mumbai%27s+rapidly+motorizing+middle+class&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=249-258&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jtrangeo.2014.10.003&rft.aulast=Shirgaokar&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExurb" class="Z3988"></span> "Here the term exurb is taken from the North American planning literature, and is used to designate agglomerations of housing and jobs outside the municipal boundaries of a primary city. Such exurbs may have independent municipal governance."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2009" class="citation journal cs1">Duffy, A (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=engschcivart">"Land use planning in Ireland – a life cycle energy analysis of recent residential development in the Greater Dublin Area"</a>. <i>The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 268–277. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11367-009-0059-7">10.1007/s11367-009-0059-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:56212626">56212626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Journal+of+Life+Cycle+Assessment&rft.atitle=Land+use+planning+in+Ireland+%E2%80%93+a+life+cycle+energy+analysis+of+recent+residential+development+in+the+Greater+Dublin+Area&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=268-277&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11367-009-0059-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A56212626%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farrow.dit.ie%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1011%26context%3Dengschcivart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExurb" class="Z3988"></span> "The GDA was split into four zones each encompassing development at increasing radii from Dublin's city centre, namely: city centre, suburbs, exurbs and commuter towns."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpectorsky1955" class="citation book cs1">Spectorsky, Auguste C. (1955). <i>The Exurbanites</i>. Lippincott, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/476943">476943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Exurbanites&rft.place=Lippincott%2C+Philadelphia&rft.pub=J.+B.+Lippincott+%26+Co.&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F476943&rft.aulast=Spectorsky&rft.aufirst=Auguste+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExurb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shenjia-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shenjia_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shenjia_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangChenSunZhang2019" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Ying; Chen, Zuzhan; Sun, Hongkai; Zhang, Shili; Liu, Haoqian (December 1, 2019). "Study on the Utilization of Vacant Houses in Rural Exurbs Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy by Taking Shenjia Village in Hunan Province as an Example". <i>Earth and Environmental Science</i>. IOP conference series. <b>371</b> (2): 22055.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Environmental+Science&rft.atitle=Study+on+the+Utilization+of+Vacant+Houses+in+Rural+Exurbs+Under+the+Background+of+Rural+Revitalization+Strategy+by+Taking+Shenjia+Village+in+Hunan+Province+as+an+Example&rft.volume=371&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=22055&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Ying&rft.au=Chen%2C+Zuzhan&rft.au=Sun%2C+Hongkai&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Shili&rft.au=Liu%2C+Haoqian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExurb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ren-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ren_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ren_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRen,_Y.,_Wei,_X.,_Wei,_X.,_Pan,_J.,_Xie,_P.,_Song,_X.,_Peng,_D.,_&_Zhao,_J.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ren, Y., Wei, X., Wei, X., Pan, J., Xie, P., Song, X., Peng, D., & Zhao, J. (2011). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GeoJournal&rft.atitle=No+boundaries%3A+exurbia+and+the+study+of+contemporary+urban+dispersion&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=323-339&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10708-009-9300-y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128461360%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExurb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Twin_cities" title="Twin cities">Twin cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_city" title="Satellite city">Satellite city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_city" title="Edge city">Edge city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">Commuter town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_proper" title="City proper">City proper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_limits" title="City limits">limits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">Conurbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolis" title="Megalopolis">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_the_most_skyscrapers" title="List of cities with the most skyscrapers">Cities with the most skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburbanization" title="Suburbanization">Suburbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinking_city" title="Shrinking city">Shrinking cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_village" title="Abandoned village">Abandoned village</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_city" title="Lost city">Lost city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_city" title="Tent city">Tent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">Closed city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_town" title="College town">College town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Urban government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_status" title="City status">City status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality" title="Direct-controlled municipality">direct-controlled</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city" title="Independent city">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">Autonomous city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Urban_economics" title="Urban economics">Urban economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">World's cities by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">Global city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">Central business district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cities_for_expatriate_employees" title="List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees">Most expensive cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cheapest_cities" title="List of cheapest cities">Cheapest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_livable_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Most livable cities">Most livable cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">Urban decay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">Ghetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_ruins" title="Modern ruins">Modern ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-go_area" title="No-go area">No-go area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">Shanty town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skid_row" title="Skid row">Skid row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">Slum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">Urban renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_bond" title="Municipal bond">Municipal bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_III" title="Habitat III">Habitat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peri-urban_agriculture" title="Peri-urban agriculture">Peri-urban agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_urban_planning" title="History of urban planning">History of urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_urban_planning" title="Theories of urban planning">Theories of urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_aspects_of_urban_planning" title="Technical aspects of urban planning">Technical aspects of urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planner" title="Urban planner">Urban planners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_open_space" title="Public open space">Public open space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">Green space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_wild" title="Urban wild">Urban wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">Grid plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_zone_model" title="Concentric zone model">Concentric zone model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_model" title="Sector model">Sector model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_nuclei_model" title="Multiple nuclei model">Multiple nuclei model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_settlement" title="Linear settlement">Linear settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">Land use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">Smart city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">Bicycle-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">Walkability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">Urban 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