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<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=City+status" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=City+status" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Title granted by a monarch or government</div> <p><b>City status</b> is a symbolic and legal designation given by a monarch, national or subnational government. A <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> may receive city status because it already has the qualities of a <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a>, or because it has some special purpose. </p><p>Historically, city status was a privilege granted by royal letters of patent. Sovereigns could establish cities by decree, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, regardless of what was in the location beforehand. Also, with the establishment of federal governments, the new capital could be established from scratch, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, without going through organic growth from a village to a town. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Westminster_arms_at_Westminster_City_Hall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/City_of_Westminster_arms_at_Westminster_City_Hall.JPG/220px-City_of_Westminster_arms_at_Westminster_City_Hall.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/City_of_Westminster_arms_at_Westminster_City_Hall.JPG/330px-City_of_Westminster_arms_at_Westminster_City_Hall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/City_of_Westminster_arms_at_Westminster_City_Hall.JPG/440px-City_of_Westminster_arms_at_Westminster_City_Hall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>, a part of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> which has its own city status.</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">British city status</a> was often conferred on settlements with a diocesan cathedral; in more recent times towns apply to receive city status by letters patent at times of national celebration. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Italy" title="City status in Italy">city status in Italy</a> is granted by decree of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">President</a> (and before 1946 by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a>) in recognition of historical, cultural or demographic merit. In the United States <i>city</i> can be used for much smaller settlements. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Government of China</a> in 1982–1997 upgraded many counties to cities by decree, thereby increasing their city count from 250 to more than 650 during this period. Almost 15% of the counties in China became cities. The new "cities" may include large <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural areas</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a>. The upgrade was considered desirable by local governments because the new status provides additional powers of taxation and administration, the right to expand the size of government, and an increase in the proportion of land which could be converted from agriculture to buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_status&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Belgium" title="City status in Belgium">City status in Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Indonesia" title="City status in Indonesia">City status in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">City status in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Italy" title="City status in Italy">City status in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="City status in Sweden">City status in Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_rights_in_the_Low_Countries" title="City rights in the Low Countries">City rights in the Low Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statutory_city_(Czech_Republic)" title="Statutory city (Czech Republic)">Statutory city (Czech Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">City with special status</a> (Ukraine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities of Russia</a>; <a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">City of federal subject significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Indian_cities" title="Classification of Indian cities">Classification of Indian cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of towns in Hong Kong">Cities and new towns in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Japan" title="Cities of Japan">Cities of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines" title="Cities of the Philippines">Cities of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Alberta" title="List of cities in Alberta">List of cities in Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_settlements_with_city_status_in_the_West_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Israeli settlements with city status in the West Bank">List of Israeli settlements with city status in the West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Malta" title="List of cities in Malta">List of cities in Malta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_status&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lixing Li, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1129397">The incentive role of creating 'cities' in China</a>"; <i>China Economic Review</i> 22, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shenggen Fan, Lixing Li, Xiaobo Zhang, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lilixing.ccer.pku.edu.cn/Challenges.pdf">Challenges of creating cities in China: Lessons from a short-lived country-to-city upgrading policy</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>"; <i>Journal of Comparative Economics</i> 40, 2012.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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title="Suburb">Suburb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exurb" title="Exurb">Exurb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_city" title="Core city">Core city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_cities" title="Twin cities">Twin cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_city" title="Satellite city">Satellite city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_city" title="Edge city">Edge city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">Commuter town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_proper" title="City proper">City proper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_limits" title="City limits">limits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">Conurbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalopolis" title="Megalopolis">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_the_most_skyscrapers" title="List of cities with the most skyscrapers">Cities with the most skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburbanization" title="Suburbanization">Suburbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinking_city" title="Shrinking city">Shrinking cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abandoned_village" title="Abandoned village">Abandoned village</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_city" title="Lost city">Lost city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_city" title="Tent city">Tent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_city" title="Closed city">Closed city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_town" title="College town">College town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Urban government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality" title="Direct-controlled municipality">direct-controlled</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city" title="Independent city">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_city" title="Autonomous city">Autonomous city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Urban_economics" title="Urban economics">Urban economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">World's cities by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">Global city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">Central business district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cities_for_expatriate_employees" title="List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees">Most expensive cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cheapest_cities" title="List of cheapest cities">Cheapest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most_livable_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Most livable cities">Most livable cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">Urban decay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto" title="Ghetto">Ghetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_ruins" title="Modern ruins">Modern ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-go_area" title="No-go area">No-go area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">Shanty town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skid_row" title="Skid row">Skid row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">Slum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">Urban renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_bond" title="Municipal bond">Municipal bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_III" title="Habitat III">Habitat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peri-urban_agriculture" title="Peri-urban agriculture">Peri-urban agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_urban_planning" title="History of urban planning">History of urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_of_urban_planning" title="Theories of urban planning">Theories of urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_aspects_of_urban_planning" title="Technical aspects of urban planning">Technical aspects of urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planner" title="Urban planner">Urban planners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_open_space" title="Public open space">Public open space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_green_space" title="Urban green space">Green space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_wild" title="Urban wild">Urban wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">Mixed-use development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_plan" title="Grid plan">Grid plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_zone_model" title="Concentric zone model">Concentric zone model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sector_model" title="Sector model">Sector model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_nuclei_model" title="Multiple nuclei model">Multiple nuclei model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_settlement" title="Linear settlement">Linear settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">Land use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">Smart city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">Bicycle-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">Walkability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">Urban population</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">World's largest cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_throughout_history" title="List of largest cities throughout history">throughout history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_proper_by_population_density" title="List of cities proper by population density">Most densely populated cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_capitals_by_population" title="List of national capitals by population">Most populous national capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_satellite_cities_by_population" title="List of satellite cities by population">Most populous satellite cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Urbanism" title="Urbanism">Urbanism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Urbanism" title="New Urbanism">New Urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_studies" title="Urban studies">Urban studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_morphology" title="Urban morphology">Urban morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_culture" title="Urban culture">Urban culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_sociology" title="Urban sociology">Urban sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-urbanism" title="Anti-urbanism">Anti-urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_exploration" title="Urban exploration">Urban exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_homesteading" title="Urban homesteading">Urban homesteading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_urbanism" title="Unitary urbanism">Unitary urbanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_cities" title="Climate change and cities">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-cities" title="Eco-cities">Eco-cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_infrastructure" title="Green infrastructure">Green infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_urbanism" title="Green urbanism">Green urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Tree_Initiative" title="Million Tree Initiative">Million Tree Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_city" title="Sustainable city">Sustainable city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_11" title="Sustainable Development Goal 11">Sustainable Development Goal 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_urbanism" title="Sustainable urbanism">Sustainable urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_ecology" title="Urban ecology">Urban ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forest_inequity" title="Urban forest inequity">Urban forest inequity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forest" title="Urban forest">Urban forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forestry" title="Urban forestry">Urban forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">Urban heat island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">Urban park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_prairie" title="Urban prairie">Urban prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_reforestation" title="Urban reforestation">Urban reforestation</a></li> <li><a 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