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Ron Berghmans" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2215144/708986/880604/s65_ron.berghmans.jpg" />Ron Berghmans</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2013, AJOB Neuroscience</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":39856938,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/18065257/Time_to_Reconsider_Deep_Brain_Stimulation"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":39856938,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/18065257/Time_to_Reconsider_Deep_Brain_Stimulation"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download 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Patients—Implications for Trialing DBS in Intractable Psychiatric Disorders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4087900" href="https://monash.academia.edu/AdrianCarter">Adrian Carter</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ajob Neuroscience, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinsonian Patients—Implications for Trialing DBS in Intractable Psychiatric Disorders","attachmentId":50266089,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3484713/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Parkinsonian_Patients_Implications_for_Trialing_DBS_in_Intractable_Psychiatric_Disorders","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3484713/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Parkinsonian_Patients_Implications_for_Trialing_DBS_in_Intractable_Psychiatric_Disorders"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="15853327" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15853327/The_Ethical_Differences_Between_Psychiatric_and_Neurologic_DBS_Smaller_Than_We_Think">The Ethical Differences Between Psychiatric and Neurologic DBS: Smaller Than We Think?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35034239" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JensClausen">Jens Clausen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AJOB Neuroscience</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Ethical Differences Between Psychiatric and Neurologic DBS: Smaller Than We Think?","attachmentId":41206084,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15853327/The_Ethical_Differences_Between_Psychiatric_and_Neurologic_DBS_Smaller_Than_We_Think","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15853327/The_Ethical_Differences_Between_Psychiatric_and_Neurologic_DBS_Smaller_Than_We_Think"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="1078932" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1078932/Scientific_and_ethical_issues_related_to_deep_brain_stimulation_for_disorders_of_mood_behavior_and_thought">Scientific and ethical issues related to deep brain stimulation for disorders of mood, behavior, and thought</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer">Thomas E. Schlaepfer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archives of general …, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A two-day consensus conference was held in order to examine scientific and ethical issues in the application of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of mood and behavioral disorders such as major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Tourette syndrome. The primary objectives of the conference were to 1) establish consensus among participants about the design of future clinical trials of DBS for disorders of mood, behavior and thought and 2) develop standards for the protection of human subjects participating in such studies. Conference participants identified 16 key points for guiding research in this growing field.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Scientific and ethical issues related to deep brain stimulation for disorders of mood, behavior, and thought","attachmentId":32404647,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1078932/Scientific_and_ethical_issues_related_to_deep_brain_stimulation_for_disorders_of_mood_behavior_and_thought","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1078932/Scientific_and_ethical_issues_related_to_deep_brain_stimulation_for_disorders_of_mood_behavior_and_thought"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="73945017" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73945017/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_psychiatric_diseases_an_ethical_approach_mar%C3%A7o">Deep Brain Stimulation for psychiatric diseases : an ethical approach março</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="194398778" href="https://independent.academia.edu/L%C3%ADliaMonteiro">Lília Monteiro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Mental diseases are responsible for a huge amount of morbidity and mortality among society. Despite the wide availability of psychotropic drugs and psychotherapy, there is a considerable amount of psychiatric patients that remain non-responsive to non-invasive therapies. It is in this context that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) emerges, a technology already used in neurologic disorders such us Parkinson Disease (PD) and neuropathic pain. This intervention is now in investigation for many psychiatric diseases, for example obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) and major depression, and has demonstrated its success in the treatment of severe ill patients, as well as for cognitive enhancement of healthy individuals. The hasty spread out of DBS medical indications, its applications in severely debilitated patients, its effects in patient’s personality and in the intimate relation between man and technology raise many ethical questions that claim for discussion. Indeed, these questions have ra...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep Brain Stimulation for psychiatric diseases : an ethical approach março","attachmentId":82278472,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73945017/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_psychiatric_diseases_an_ethical_approach_mar%C3%A7o","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73945017/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_psychiatric_diseases_an_ethical_approach_mar%C3%A7o"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="1217873" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1217873/Towards_an_Emergent_Consensus_International_Perspectives_on_Neuroethics_of_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Psychiatric_Disorders_A_Tower_of_Babel">Towards an Emergent Consensus - International Perspectives on Neuroethics of Deep Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders - A Tower of Babel?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer">Thomas E. Schlaepfer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent studies on deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NA)—a center of the brain well known to mediate reward, pleasure, and addiction—have provided proof of principle evidence that DBS might be able to induce euphoria in a rapid, well-modulated manner, with potentially much higher efficacy than previous neuropsychiatric interventions. This development evokes two lines of fundamental ethical questions: If happiness were indeed easily inducible by a button press, are there any ethical, psychological, or social limits of DBS-induced happiness? If happiness might be easily inducible not just in persons suffering from psychiatric disease, but also in healthy persons, are there any intrinsic objections against such an enhancement use of DBS? This study uses systematic ethical analysis of recent observations in NA DBS, illustrated by a case vignette and by published reports on other patients. It was found that the benefit of DBS-induced modulation of affective and motivational states comes in degrees: A change in the DBS settings can transform a salutary state of hedonia into a hypomanic or manic state and turn an enhanced affective state into a maladaptive one. Thus, DBS-induced happiness requires an individual, domain-specific functional analysis, which might reveal context-dependent beneficial and detrimental consequences for a person’s life. These consequences warrant careful observation of mood states in persons with NA DBS. There are no convincing intrinsic objections against an enhancement use of DBS. However, the lack of evidence about potential benefits, the risk of severe harm, and the high intervention costs currently pose important extrinsic arguments against use of DBS for enhancement purposes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Towards an Emergent Consensus - International Perspectives on Neuroethics of Deep Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders - A Tower of Babel?","attachmentId":7896454,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1217873/Towards_an_Emergent_Consensus_International_Perspectives_on_Neuroethics_of_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Psychiatric_Disorders_A_Tower_of_Babel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1217873/Towards_an_Emergent_Consensus_International_Perspectives_on_Neuroethics_of_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Psychiatric_Disorders_A_Tower_of_Babel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="1078960" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1078960/Separating_hope_from_hype_some_ethical_implications_of_the_development_of_deep_brain_stimulation_in_psychiatric_research_and_treatment">Separating hope from hype: some ethical implications of the development of deep brain stimulation in psychiatric research and treatment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer">Thomas E. Schlaepfer</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32696815" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StefanoPallanti">Stefano Pallanti</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="296123930" href="https://unifi.academia.edu/StefanoPallanti">Stefano Pallanti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">CNS Spectr, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Separating hope from hype: some ethical implications of the development of deep brain stimulation in psychiatric research and treatment","attachmentId":6794320,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1078960/Separating_hope_from_hype_some_ethical_implications_of_the_development_of_deep_brain_stimulation_in_psychiatric_research_and_treatment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1078960/Separating_hope_from_hype_some_ethical_implications_of_the_development_of_deep_brain_stimulation_in_psychiatric_research_and_treatment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="7971300" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7971300/Ethics_of_DBS_for_Behavior_and_Mood">Ethics of DBS for Behavior & Mood</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12507467" href="https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/JasonBrandt">Jason Brandt</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ethics of DBS for Behavior \u0026 Mood","attachmentId":34441558,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7971300/Ethics_of_DBS_for_Behavior_and_Mood","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7971300/Ethics_of_DBS_for_Behavior_and_Mood"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="63531014" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63531014/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Neurological_and_Psychiatric_Disorders">Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer">Thomas E. Schlaepfer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders","attachmentId":75931757,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63531014/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Neurological_and_Psychiatric_Disorders","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63531014/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Neurological_and_Psychiatric_Disorders"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="33671931" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33671931/Should_DBS_for_Psychiatric_Disorders_be_Considered_a_Form_of_Psychosurgery_Ethical_and_Legal_Considerations">Should DBS for Psychiatric Disorders be Considered a Form of Psychosurgery? Ethical and Legal Considerations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1210375" href="https://wmich.academia.edu/TylerGibb">Tyler Gibb</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10994412" href="https://baylor.academia.edu/DevanStahl">Devan Stahl</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a surgical procedure involving the implantation of electrodes in the brain, has rekindled the medical community's interest in psychosurgery. Whereas many researchers argue DBS is substantially different from psychosurgery, we argue psychiatric DBS—though a much more precise and refined treatment than its predecessors—is nevertheless a form of psychosurgery, which raises both old and new ethical and legal concerns that have not been given proper attention. Learning from the ethical and regulatory failures of older forms of psychosurgery can help shed light on how to address the regulatory gaps that exist currently in DBS research. To show why it is important to address the current regulatory gaps within psychiatric DBS, we draw on the motivations underlying the regulation of earlier forms of psychosurgery in the US. We begin by providing a brief history of psychosurgery and electrical brain stimulation in the US. Against this backdrop, we introduce psychiatric DBS, exploring current research and ongoing clinical trials. We then draw out the ethical and regulatory similarities between earlier forms of psychosurgery and psychiatric DBS. As we will show, the factors that motivated strict regulation of earlier psychosurgical procedures mirror concerns with psychiatric DBS today. We offer three recommendations for psychiatric DBS regulation, which echo earlier motivations for regulating</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Should DBS for Psychiatric Disorders be Considered a Form of Psychosurgery? Ethical and Legal Considerations","attachmentId":53677827,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33671931/Should_DBS_for_Psychiatric_Disorders_be_Considered_a_Form_of_Psychosurgery_Ethical_and_Legal_Considerations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33671931/Should_DBS_for_Psychiatric_Disorders_be_Considered_a_Form_of_Psychosurgery_Ethical_and_Legal_Considerations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="37841874" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37841874/Deep_brain_stimulation_DBS_at_the_interface_of_neurology_and_psychiatry">Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the interface of neurology and psychiatry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59989950" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/NolanWilliams">Nolan Williams</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33000306" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MOkun">Michael Okun</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the interface of neurology and psychiatry","attachmentId":57844824,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37841874/Deep_brain_stimulation_DBS_at_the_interface_of_neurology_and_psychiatry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37841874/Deep_brain_stimulation_DBS_at_the_interface_of_neurology_and_psychiatry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39856938,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":39856938,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_39856938" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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Troster</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neurology, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"About deep brain stimulation","attachmentId":101022833,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100112185/About_deep_brain_stimulation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100112185/About_deep_brain_stimulation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container 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href="https://www.academia.edu/11913363/Deep_brain_stimulation_for_neurological_and_psychiatric_disorders">Deep brain stimulation for neurological and psychiatric disorders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4281291" href="https://dovepress.academia.edu/AdieChan">Dove Medical Press</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep brain stimulation for neurological and psychiatric disorders","attachmentId":37284221,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11913363/Deep_brain_stimulation_for_neurological_and_psychiatric_disorders","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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