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This paper discusses the ethical implications surrounding the development and application of DBS in psychiatric research, emphasizing the necessity for balanced information, ethical guidelines, and rigorous clinical evaluation to ensure patient safety and informed consent. The article concludes that while DBS has the potential to be an effective intervention for select psychiatric patients, widespread clinical application is premature due to the lack of compelling outcome data and unmet ethical standards.","publication_date":"2010,1,1","publication_name":"CNS Spectr"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":0,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Separating hope from hype: some ethical implications of the development of deep brain stimulation in psychiatric research and treatment","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [867501,32696815,296123930]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":6794320,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Separating hope from hype: some ethical implications of the development of deep brain stimulation in psychiatric research and treatment”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/6794320/mini_magick20190427-2575-w9yocl.png?1556367738" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Separating hope from hype: some ethical implications of the development of deep brain stimulation in psychiatric research and treatment</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer"><img alt="Profile image of Thomas E. Schlaepfer" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/867501/348894/21387500/s65_thomas_e..schlaepfer.jpeg" />Thomas E. Schlaepfer</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32696815" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StefanoPallanti"><img alt="Profile image of Stefano Pallanti" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Stefano Pallanti</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="296123930" href="https://unifi.academia.edu/StefanoPallanti"><img alt="Profile image of Stefano Pallanti" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/296123930/142336240/131837677/s65_stefano.pallanti.png" />Stefano Pallanti</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2010, CNS Spectr</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is emerging as a treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), addressing the significant inadequacies of current therapies. This paper discusses the ethical implications surrounding the development and application of DBS in psychiatric research, emphasizing the necessity for balanced information, ethical guidelines, and rigorous clinical evaluation to ensure patient safety and informed consent. The article concludes that while DBS has the potential to be an effective intervention for select psychiatric patients, widespread clinical application is premature due to the lack of compelling outcome data and unmet ethical standards.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":6794320,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1078960/Separating_hope_from_hype_some_ethical_implications_of_the_development_of_deep_brain_stimulation_in_psychiatric_research_and_treatment"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":6794320,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/1078960/Separating_hope_from_hype_some_ethical_implications_of_the_development_of_deep_brain_stimulation_in_psychiatric_research_and_treatment"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="6794320" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/1078960/Separating_hope_from_hype_some_ethical_implications_of_the_development_of_deep_brain_stimulation_in_psychiatric_research_and_treatment" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="52769524" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52769524/Eitan_R_Lerer_B_Nonpharmacological_somatic_treatments_of_depression_electroconvulsive_therapy_and_novel_brain_stimulation_modalities">Eitan R, Lerer B. Nonpharmacological, somatic treatments of depression: electroconvulsive therapy and novel brain stimulation modalities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32519560" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RenanaEitan">Renana Eitan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dialogues in clinical neuroscience</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">or more than 50 years, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been the only nonpharmacological, somatic treatment of psychiatric disorders in widespread clinical use. Other modalities, such as insulin coma therapy, were used for varying periods, but no longer have any place in clinical psychiatry. This situation is now changing. Brain stimulation techniques are rapidly becoming a highly promising novel avenue for treatment of psychiatric disorders in general, and major depression in particular. Research in this field is at a very important juncture, and there are signs that the first two decades of the current millennium could well be the decades of brain stimulation in psychiatry. Several different approaches are under study. Some have the potential to cross the threshold to clinical use,</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Eitan R, Lerer B. Nonpharmacological, somatic treatments of depression: electroconvulsive therapy and novel brain stimulation modalities","attachmentId":69874982,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/52769524/Eitan_R_Lerer_B_Nonpharmacological_somatic_treatments_of_depression_electroconvulsive_therapy_and_novel_brain_stimulation_modalities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/52769524/Eitan_R_Lerer_B_Nonpharmacological_somatic_treatments_of_depression_electroconvulsive_therapy_and_novel_brain_stimulation_modalities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="52769521" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52769521/Nonpharmacological_somatic_treatments_of_depression_electroconvulsive_therapy_and_novel_brain_stimulation_modalities">Nonpharmacological, somatic treatments of depression: electroconvulsive therapy and novel brain stimulation modalities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32519560" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RenanaEitan">Renana Eitan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Until recently, a review of nonpharmacological, somatic treatments of psychiatric disorders would have included only electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This situation is now changing very substantially. Although ECT remains the only modality in widespread clinical use, several new techniques are under investigation. Their principal indication in the psychiatric context is the treatment of major depression, but other applications are also being studied. All the novel treatments involve brain stimulation, which is achieved by different technological methods. The treatment closest to the threshold of clinical acceptability is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Although TMS is safe and relatively easy to administer, its efficacy has still to be definitively established. Other modalities, at various stages of research development, include magnetic seizure therapy (MST), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). We briefly review the development and technical as...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nonpharmacological, somatic treatments of depression: electroconvulsive therapy and novel brain stimulation modalities","attachmentId":69874981,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/52769521/Nonpharmacological_somatic_treatments_of_depression_electroconvulsive_therapy_and_novel_brain_stimulation_modalities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/52769521/Nonpharmacological_somatic_treatments_of_depression_electroconvulsive_therapy_and_novel_brain_stimulation_modalities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="63531155" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63531155/Update_on_Neuromodulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Depression">Update on Neuromodulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer">Thomas E. Schlaepfer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">F1000Research, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">About 30% of patients suffering from a major depressive disorder do not respond sufficiently to established pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, or somatic treatments. Advances in technology and emerging knowledge about the dysfunctional brain circuits underlying depression have led to the development of different neuromodulation techniques. The aim of the present review is to give an update on noninvasive techniques, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), magnetic seizure therapy (MST), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and invasive techniques requiring brain surgery, such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS). 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Schlaepfer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The world journal of …, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"WFSBP Guidelines on Brain Stimulation Treatments in Psychiatry.","attachmentId":6787227,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1078958/WFSBP_Guidelines_on_Brain_Stimulation_Treatments_in_Psychiatry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1078958/WFSBP_Guidelines_on_Brain_Stimulation_Treatments_in_Psychiatry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="73945017" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73945017/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_psychiatric_diseases_an_ethical_approach_mar%C3%A7o">Deep Brain Stimulation for psychiatric diseases : an ethical approach março</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="194398778" href="https://independent.academia.edu/L%C3%ADliaMonteiro">Lília Monteiro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Mental diseases are responsible for a huge amount of morbidity and mortality among society. Despite the wide availability of psychotropic drugs and psychotherapy, there is a considerable amount of psychiatric patients that remain non-responsive to non-invasive therapies. It is in this context that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) emerges, a technology already used in neurologic disorders such us Parkinson Disease (PD) and neuropathic pain. This intervention is now in investigation for many psychiatric diseases, for example obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) and major depression, and has demonstrated its success in the treatment of severe ill patients, as well as for cognitive enhancement of healthy individuals. The hasty spread out of DBS medical indications, its applications in severely debilitated patients, its effects in patient’s personality and in the intimate relation between man and technology raise many ethical questions that claim for discussion. Indeed, these questions have ra...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep Brain Stimulation for psychiatric diseases : an ethical approach março","attachmentId":82278472,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73945017/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_psychiatric_diseases_an_ethical_approach_mar%C3%A7o","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73945017/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_psychiatric_diseases_an_ethical_approach_mar%C3%A7o"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="18065257" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18065257/Time_to_Reconsider_Deep_Brain_Stimulation">Time to Reconsider Deep Brain Stimulation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2215144" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RonBerghmans">Ron Berghmans</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AJOB Neuroscience, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Time to Reconsider Deep Brain Stimulation","attachmentId":39856938,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18065257/Time_to_Reconsider_Deep_Brain_Stimulation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18065257/Time_to_Reconsider_Deep_Brain_Stimulation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="72661750" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72661750/Deep_brain_stimulation_in_treatment_resistant_major_depression">Deep brain stimulation in treatment resistant major depression</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25220757" href="https://fidmag.academia.edu/SalvadorSarr%C3%B3">Salvador Sarró</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Up to 30% of patients with schizophrenia are resistant to antipsychotic drug treatment, with 60% of such cases also failing to respond to clozapine. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used in treatment resistant patients with other psychiatric disorders, but there is a lack of trials in schizophrenia, partly due to uncertainties over where to site the electrodes. This trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (subgenual ACC) targeted DBS; the primary outcome measure was PANSS total score, as assessed fortnightly. Methods: Eight patients with schizophrenia, who met criteria for treatment resistance and were also resistant to/ intolerant of clozapine, were randomly assigned using central allocation to receive DBS in the NAcc or subgenual ACC. An open stabilization phase lasting at least six months was followed by a randomized double-blind crossover phase lasting 24 weeks in those who met symptomatic improvement criteria. The primary end-point was a 25% improvement in PANSS total score. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02377505; trial completed). Findings: One implanted patient did not receive DBS due to complications of surgery. Of the remaining 7 patients, 2/3 with NAcc and 2/4 with subgenual ACC electrode placements met the symptomatic improvement criteria (58% and 86%, and 37% and 68% improvement in PANSS total score, respectively). Three of these patients entered the crossover phase and all showed worsening when the stimulation was discontinued. The fourth patient worsened after the current was switched off accidentally without her or the investigators' knowledge. Physical adverse events were uncommon, but two patients developed persistent psychiatric adverse effects (negative symptoms/apathy and mood instability, respectively). Interpretation: These preliminary findings point to the possibility of DBS having therapeutic effects in patients with schizophrenia who do not respond to any other treatment. Larger trials with careful attention to blinding will be necessary to establish the extent of the benefits and whether these can be achieved without psychiatric side-effects.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep brain stimulation in treatment resistant major depression","attachmentId":81501348,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72661750/Deep_brain_stimulation_in_treatment_resistant_major_depression","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72661750/Deep_brain_stimulation_in_treatment_resistant_major_depression"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="60584374" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60584374/Beyond_Blind_Optimism_and_Unfounded_Fears_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Depression">Beyond Blind Optimism and Unfounded Fears: Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment Resistant Depression</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38533105" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinGarwicz">Martin Garwicz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroethics, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The introduction of new medical treatments based on invasive technologies has often been surrounded by both hopes and fears. Hope, since a new intervention can create new opportunities either in terms of providing a cure for the disease or impairment at hand; or as alleviation of symptoms. Fear, since an invasive treatment involving implanting a medical device can result in unknown complications such as hardware failure and undesirable medical consequences. However, hopes and fears may also arise due to the cultural embeddedness of technology, where a therapy due to ethical, social, political and religious concerns could be perceived as either a blessing or a threat. While Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for treatment resistant depression (TRD) is still in its cradle, it is important to be proactive and try to scrutinize both surfacing hopes and fears. Patients will not benefit if a promising treatment is banned or avoided due to unfounded fears, nor will they benefit if DBS is used without scrutinizing the arguments which call for caution. Hence blind optimism is equally troublesome. We suggest that specificity, both in terms of a detailed account of relevant scientific concerns as well as ethical considerations, could be a way to analyse expressed concerns regarding DBS for TRD. This approach is particularly fruitful when applied to hopes and fears evoked by DBS for TRD, since it can reveal if our comprehension of DBS for TRD suffer from various biases which may remain unnoticed at first glance. We suggest that such biases exist, albeit a further analysis is needed to explore this issue in full.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Beyond Blind Optimism and Unfounded Fears: Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment Resistant Depression","attachmentId":73963359,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60584374/Beyond_Blind_Optimism_and_Unfounded_Fears_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Depression","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60584374/Beyond_Blind_Optimism_and_Unfounded_Fears_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Depression"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="17601980" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17601980/Electroconvulsive_Therapy_for_Depression">Electroconvulsive Therapy for Depression</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37440453" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelDettling">Michael Dettling</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New England Journal of Medicine, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An 82-year-old widowed woman with a history of recurrent unipolar major depression is referred to the electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) service of an academic medical center. During her illness, she has had four episodes of major depression consisting of periods of depressed mood, crying spells, loss of interest in usual activities, insomnia, loss of appetite and weight, difficulty with concentration, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of suicide. During the current episode, which has lasted for 6 months, she has had typical symptoms of melancholic depression, as well as psychotic symptoms (e.g., a somatic delusion that she has terminal cancer), with suicidal ideation and a plan for taking a drug overdose. Previous treatment during this episode has included citalopram (Celexa), duloxetine (Cymbalta), and the combination of olanzepine (Zyprexa) and duloxetine, but the patient did not have a response to any of these agents. She could not tolerate the anticholinergic side effects of tricyclic antidepressants. Her psychiatrist seeks specialty consultation regarding the appropriateness and safety of ECT for this patient.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Electroconvulsive Therapy for Depression","attachmentId":39606422,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17601980/Electroconvulsive_Therapy_for_Depression","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17601980/Electroconvulsive_Therapy_for_Depression"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":6794320,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":6794320,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_6794320" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="92975329" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92975329/Recent_Advances_in_Neuromodulatory_Therapies_in_Psychogeriatrics_From_TMS_to_ECT_to_VNS_to_Both_Surgical_and_Magnetic_DBS">Recent Advances in Neuromodulatory Therapies in Psychogeriatrics: From TMS to ECT to VNS to Both Surgical and Magnetic DBS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="209880908" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JothikaManepalli">Jothika Manepalli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Current Geriatrics Reports, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Recent Advances in Neuromodulatory Therapies in Psychogeriatrics: From TMS to ECT to VNS to Both Surgical and Magnetic DBS","attachmentId":95841524,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92975329/Recent_Advances_in_Neuromodulatory_Therapies_in_Psychogeriatrics_From_TMS_to_ECT_to_VNS_to_Both_Surgical_and_Magnetic_DBS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92975329/Recent_Advances_in_Neuromodulatory_Therapies_in_Psychogeriatrics_From_TMS_to_ECT_to_VNS_to_Both_Surgical_and_Magnetic_DBS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="1078966" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1078966/Electrodes_in_the_brain_Ethical_criteria_for_research_and_treatment_with_deep_brain_stimulation_for_neuropsychiatric_disorders">Electrodes in the brain--Ethical criteria for research and treatment with deep brain stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer">Thomas E. 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class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="213369" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TSarnecki">Tatyana Sarnecki</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review ","attachmentId":30854175,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/859457/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Depression_A_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/859457/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Depression_A_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="63531014" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63531014/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Neurological_and_Psychiatric_Disorders">Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer">Thomas E. Schlaepfer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders","attachmentId":75931757,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63531014/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Neurological_and_Psychiatric_Disorders","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63531014/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Neurological_and_Psychiatric_Disorders"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="1078932" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1078932/Scientific_and_ethical_issues_related_to_deep_brain_stimulation_for_disorders_of_mood_behavior_and_thought">Scientific and ethical issues related to deep brain stimulation for disorders of mood, behavior, and thought</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer">Thomas E. Schlaepfer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archives of general …, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Scientific and ethical issues related to deep brain stimulation for disorders of mood, behavior, and thought","attachmentId":32404647,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1078932/Scientific_and_ethical_issues_related_to_deep_brain_stimulation_for_disorders_of_mood_behavior_and_thought","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://mayoclinic.academia.edu/TeresaRummans">Teresa Rummans</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Electroconvulsive Therapy and Newer Modalities for the Treatment of Medication-Refractory Mental Illness","attachmentId":42233259,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17755457/Electroconvulsive_Therapy_and_Newer_Modalities_for_the_Treatment_of_Medication_Refractory_Mental_Illness","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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ds2-5-body-xs">Scientia Psychiatrica, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evidence-Based Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depression Disorder","attachmentId":87712219,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81789891/Evidence_Based_Electroconvulsive_Therapy_for_Major_Depression_Disorder","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81789891/Evidence_Based_Electroconvulsive_Therapy_for_Major_Depression_Disorder"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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Neuroscience, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modulating Affect, Cognition, and Behavior – Prospects of Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Psychiatric Disorders","attachmentId":41609522,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20876593/Modulating_Affect_Cognition_and_Behavior_Prospects_of_Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Psychiatric_Disorders","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Dilemma of Unmodified Electroconvulsive Therapy","attachmentId":74936927,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62076445/The_Dilemma_of_Unmodified_Electroconvulsive_Therapy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62076445/The_Dilemma_of_Unmodified_Electroconvulsive_Therapy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="74238095" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74238095/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_for_Treatment_Resistant_Depression">Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67750863" href="https://independent.academia.edu/angeloLavano">angelo Lavano</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Psychiatry, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant 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