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More than 150 000 patients around the world have been treated to date with DBS for medically intractable conditions. The indications for DBS include movement disorders, epilepsy, and some types of mental illness. Methods: This review is based on relevant publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and on the current guidelines of the German Neurological Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie, DGN). Results: DBS is usually performed to treat neurological diseases, most often movement disorders and, in particular, Parkinson's disease. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that DBS improves tremor, dyskinesia, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease by 25% to 50%, depending on the rating scales used. DBS for tremor usually involves stimulation in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical regulatory loop. In an RCT of DBS for the treatment of primary generalized dystonia, the patients who underwent DBS experienced a 39.3% improvement of dystonia, compared to only 4.9% in the control group. Two multicenter trials of DBS for depression were terminated early because of a lack of efficacy. Conclusion: DBS is an established treatment for various neurological and psychiatric diseases. It has been incorporated in the DGN guidelines and is now considered a standard treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease. The safety and efficacy of DBS can be expected to improve with the application of new technical developments in electrode geometry and new imaging techniques. Controlled trials would be helpful so that DBS could be extended to further indications, particularly psychiatric ones.","publication_date":"2008,,","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"75931757"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [867501]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":75931757,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/75931757/mini_magick20211208-29354-13zekzq.png?1638958190" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="867501" href="https://imtek.academia.edu/ThomasESchlaepfer"><img alt="Profile image of Thomas E. Schlaepfer" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/867501/348894/21387500/s65_thomas_e..schlaepfer.jpeg" />Thomas E. Schlaepfer</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2008</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":75931757,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/63531014/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Neurological_and_Psychiatric_Disorders"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":75931757,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/63531014/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Neurological_and_Psychiatric_Disorders"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="75931757" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/63531014/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Neurological_and_Psychiatric_Disorders" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="11913363" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11913363/Deep_brain_stimulation_for_neurological_and_psychiatric_disorders">Deep brain stimulation for neurological and psychiatric disorders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4281291" href="https://dovepress.academia.edu/AdieChan">Dove Medical Press</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a well-accepted therapy to treat movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Read this review and sign up to receive Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment journal here: http://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article_id=21242</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep brain stimulation for neurological and psychiatric disorders","attachmentId":37284221,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11913363/Deep_brain_stimulation_for_neurological_and_psychiatric_disorders","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11913363/Deep_brain_stimulation_for_neurological_and_psychiatric_disorders"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="3484713" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3484713/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Parkinsonian_Patients_Implications_for_Trialing_DBS_in_Intractable_Psychiatric_Disorders">Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinsonian Patients—Implications for Trialing DBS in Intractable Psychiatric Disorders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4087900" href="https://monash.academia.edu/AdrianCarter">Adrian Carter</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ajob Neuroscience, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinsonian Patients—Implications for Trialing DBS in Intractable Psychiatric Disorders","attachmentId":50266089,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3484713/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Parkinsonian_Patients_Implications_for_Trialing_DBS_in_Intractable_Psychiatric_Disorders","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3484713/Deep_Brain_Stimulation_in_Parkinsonian_Patients_Implications_for_Trialing_DBS_in_Intractable_Psychiatric_Disorders"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="1514033" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1514033/Neuropsychological_and_psychiatric_changes_after_deep_brain_stimulation_for_Parkinsons_disease_a_randomised_multicentre_study">Neuropsychological and psychiatric changes after deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a randomised, multicentre study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1544861" href="https://uni-duesseldorf.academia.edu/LarsWojtecki">Lars Wojtecki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Lancet Neurology, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) reduces motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and improves their quality of life; however, the effect of DBS on cognitive functions and its psychiatric side-effects are still controversial. To assess the neuropsychiatric consequences of DBS in patients with PD we did an ancillary protocol as part of a randomised study that compared DBS with the best medical treatment.156 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations were randomly assigned to have DBS of the STN or the best medical treatment for PD according to the German Society of Neurology guidelines. 123 patients had neuropsychological and psychiatric examinations to assess the changes between baseline and after 6 months. The primary outcome was the comparison of the effect of DBS with the best medical treatment on overall cognitive functioning (Mattis dementia rating scale). Secondary outcomes were the effects on executive function, depression, anxiety, psychiatric status, manic symptoms, and quality of life. Analysis was per protocol. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00196911.60 patients were randomly assigned to receive STN-DBS and 63 patients to have best medical treatment. After 6 months, impairments were seen in executive function (difference of changes [DBS–best medical treatment] in verbal fluency [semantic] −4·50 points, 95% CI −8·07 to −0·93, Cohen's d=−;0·4; verbal fluency [phonemic] −3·06 points, −5·50 to −0·62, −0·5; Stroop 2 naming colour error rate −0·37 points, −0·73 to 0·00, −0·4; Stroop 3 word reading time −5·17 s, −8·82 to −1·52, −0·5; Stroop 4 colour naming time −13·00 s, −25·12 to −0·89, −0·4), irrespective of the improvement in quality of life (difference of changes in PDQ-39 10·16 points, 5·45 to 14·87, 0·6; SF-36 physical 16·55 points, 10·89 to 22·21, 0·9; SF-36 psychological 9·74 points, 2·18 to 17·29, 0·5). Anxiety was reduced in the DBS group compared with the medication group (difference of changes in Beck anxiety inventory 10·43 points, 6·08 to 14·78, 0·8). Ten patients in the DBS group and eight patients in the best medical treatment group had severe psychiatric adverse events.DBS of the STN does not reduce overall cognition or affectivity, although there is a selective decrease in frontal cognitive functions and an improvement in anxiety in patients after the treatment. These changes do not affect improvements in quality of life. DBS of the STN is safe with respect to neuropsychological and psychiatric effects in carefully selected patients during a 6-month follow-up period.German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01GI0201).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Neuropsychological and psychiatric changes after deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a randomised, multicentre study","attachmentId":50944516,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1514033/Neuropsychological_and_psychiatric_changes_after_deep_brain_stimulation_for_Parkinsons_disease_a_randomised_multicentre_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1514033/Neuropsychological_and_psychiatric_changes_after_deep_brain_stimulation_for_Parkinsons_disease_a_randomised_multicentre_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="37841874" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37841874/Deep_brain_stimulation_DBS_at_the_interface_of_neurology_and_psychiatry">Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the interface of neurology and psychiatry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59989950" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/NolanWilliams">Nolan Williams</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33000306" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MOkun">Michael Okun</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the interface of neurology and psychiatry","attachmentId":57844824,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37841874/Deep_brain_stimulation_DBS_at_the_interface_of_neurology_and_psychiatry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37841874/Deep_brain_stimulation_DBS_at_the_interface_of_neurology_and_psychiatry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="17905429" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17905429/Deep_brain_stimulation_in_psychiatry">Deep brain stimulation in psychiatry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37697377" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/PavelMohr">Pavel Mohr</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuro endocrinology letters</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a reversible surgical procedure that involves stereotactic implantation of electrodes into the targeted brain regions, with a subcutaneously placed pulse generator powering the electrodes via one or two leads. The mechanism of action can be explained by the stimulation-induced modulation of impaired network activity. So far, the main use of DBS has been for neurological conditions, such as essential tremor, motor symptoms in Parkinson&#39;s disease, dystonia, epilepsy, and chronic pain. In psychiatry, case series and open studies indicate treatment efficacy of DBS in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder, and refractory major depression. Neuroimaging studies have confirmed the effects of DBS on the brain regions implicated in specific neuropsychiatric disorders. It is a well-tolerated method with relatively few serious side effects. Additional well-designed and appropriately powered controlled clinical trial...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Deep brain stimulation in psychiatry","attachmentId":39772811,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17905429/Deep_brain_stimulation_in_psychiatry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17905429/Deep_brain_stimulation_in_psychiatry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div 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