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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%95:%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" title="ਫਾਟਕ:ਪੰਜਾਬ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਾਟਕ:ਪੰਜਾਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="باب:پنجاب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باب:پنجاب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28006314#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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.portal-column-right-extra-narrow{float:inherit;width:inherit}}</style><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia portal for content related to Punjab</div> <table width="100%" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" style="background:#fff; border-style:ridge; border-width:1.5px; border-color:#566473;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="55%" style="vertical-align:top;padding: 0; margin:0;"> <div style="background:#f9f9ff;"> <div style="font-size: 260%; text-align: center; padding: 0.1em; font-variant: small-caps; color:black"><span style="font-size:70%;">The</span> Punjab<span style="font-size:70%;"> Portal</span></div><div style="font-size:85%;"><span class="anchor" id="portals-browsebar"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: center"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal topics</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Human_activities" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Activities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Geography</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">People</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <div style="width:100%"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Introduction" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Introduction</h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1051880770">.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow .mw-gallery-slideshow-img-container>a>img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow .mw-gallery-slideshow-buttons{display:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow .mw-gallery-slideshow-buttons div{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow .oo-ui-stackLayout:hover .mw-gallery-slideshow-buttons{align-items:center;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:1000;display:flex;padding-top:0!important;background:rgb(255,255,255);opacity:0.75!important;top:0;bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(1){float:left}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(3){float:right}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow{margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow .oo-ui-stackLayout>div:nth-child(3) *{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-banner-image-slideshow .oo-ui-stackLayout>div:nth-child(3){z-index:1001}</style><div class="portal-banner-image" style="max-height:initial; overflow:auto;"><div class="portal-banner-image-crop" style="position:relative; margin-top:-0%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_(India)_banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Punjab_%28India%29_banner.jpg/800px-Punjab_%28India%29_banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Punjab_%28India%29_banner.jpg/1200px-Punjab_%28India%29_banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Punjab_%28India%29_banner.jpg/1600px-Punjab_%28India%29_banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></div><br /> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_map_(topographic)_with_cities.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Punjab map (topographic) with cities"><img alt="Punjab map (topographic) with cities" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/215px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png" decoding="async" width="215" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/323px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png/430px-Punjab_map_%28topographic%29_with_cities.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Punjab map (topographic) with cities</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="P:PA"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P:PA&redirect=no">P:PA</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>-/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Punjabi:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">[pə̞ɲˈdʒäːb]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/61\/Punjab.ogg\/Punjab.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Punjab.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Punjab.ogg/Punjab.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab.ogg" title="File:Punjab.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; also <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanised</a> as <b>Panjāb</b> or <b>Panj-Āb</b>), also known as the Land of the Five Rivers, is a geopolitical, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_culture" title="Punjabi culture">cultural</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Historical_region" title="Historical region">historical region</a> in South Asia. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_South_Asia" title="Northwestern South Asia">northwestern part</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, comprising areas of modern-day eastern-<a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">northwestern</a>-<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Punjab's major cities are <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalandhar" title="Jalandhar">Jalandhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patiala" title="Patiala">Patiala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurgaon" title="Gurgaon">Gurugram</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur" title="Bahawalpur">Bahawalpur</a>. </p><p>Punjab grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> as early as the ancient <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley civilization</a>, dating back to 3000 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Aryan migration">migrations</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryan peoples</a>. Agriculture has been the chief economic feature of the Punjab and formed the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_culture" title="Punjabi culture">Punjabi culture</a>. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the <a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution" title="Green Revolution">Green Revolution</a> during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, and has been described as the "<a href="/wiki/Breadbasket" title="Breadbasket">breadbasket</a> of both India and Pakistan." </p><p>Punjab's history is a tapestry of conflict, marked by the rise of indigenous dynasties and empires. Following <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s invasion in the 4th century BCE, <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a> allied with Punjabi republics to establish the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a>. Successive reigns of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a> followed, but were ultimately defeated by Eastern Punjab <a href="/wiki/Janapada" title="Janapada">Janapadas</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Yaudheya" title="Yaudheya">Yaudheya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trigarta_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigarta Kingdom">Trigarta Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audumbaras" title="Audumbaras">Audumbaras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arjunayanas" title="Arjunayanas">Arjunayanas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kuninda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuninda Kingdom">Kuninda Kingdom</a>. In the 5th and 6th centuries CE, Punjab faced devastating Hunnic invasions, yet the <a href="/wiki/Vardhana_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Vardhana dynasty">Vardhana dynasty</a> emerged triumphant, ruling over <a href="/wiki/Northern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern India">Northern India</a>. The 8th century CE witnessed the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Shahis" title="Hindu Shahis">Hindu Shahis</a> rise, known for defeating the <a href="/wiki/Saffarid_dynasty" title="Saffarid dynasty">Saffarid dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Samanid_Empire" title="Samanid Empire">Samanid Empire</a>. Concurrently, the <a href="/wiki/Tomara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomara dynasty">Tomara dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katoch_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Katoch Dynasty">Katoch Dynasty</a> controlled eastern Punjab, resisting <a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a> invasions. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> took hold in Western Punjab under Ghaznavid rule. The Delhi Sultanate then succeeded the Ghaznavids in which the <a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultans</a> are described as Punjabi origin. The 15th century saw the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Langah_Sultanate" title="Langah Sultanate">Langah Sultanate</a> in south Punjab, acclaimed for its victory over the <a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi dynasty</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire's</a> decline in the 18th century, Punjab experienced a period of anarchy. In 1799 CE, the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> established its rule, undertaking conquests into <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> held territories, shaping the diverse and complex history of Punjab. </p><p>The boundaries of the region are ill-defined and focus on historical accounts and thus the geographical definition of the term "Punjab" has changed over time. In the 16th century <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> the Punjab region was divided into three, with the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Subah">Lahore Subah</a> in the west, the Delhi <a href="/wiki/Subah" title="Subah">Subah</a> in the east and the <a href="/wiki/Multan_Subah" class="mw-redirect" title="Multan Subah">Multan Subah</a> in the south. Under the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> in 1947, the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab Province</a> encompassed the present Indian <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">states and union territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Pakistani regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad Capital Territory</a>. </p><p>The predominant <a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">ethnolinguistic group</a> of the Punjab region are the <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi people">Punjabi people</a>, who speak the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a> <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi language</a>. <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Muslims" title="Punjabi Muslims">Punjabi Muslims</a> are the majority in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">West Punjab</a> (Pakistan), while <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Sikhs" title="Punjabi Sikhs">Punjabi Sikhs</a> are the majority in <a href="/wiki/Punjab_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab India">East Punjab</a> (India). Other religious groups include <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Hindus" title="Punjabi Hindus">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Christians" title="Punjabi Christians">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">More about Punjab...</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Punjab&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div> <div class="portal-column-left"> <div style="float:left; width:100%;"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_article_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected article - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Punjab&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_festivals" title="Punjabi festivals">Punjabi festivals</a></b> are various festive celebrations observed by the <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a>, originating in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab region</a>. The Punjabis are religiously a diverse and that affects the festivals they observe. According to a 2007 estimate, a total of ∼75% percent of the Punjabi population is <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Muslims" title="Punjabi Muslims">Muslim</a>, accounting about 90 million people, with 97% of Punjabis who live in Pakistan following Islam, in contrast to the remaining 30 million Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus who predominantly live in India. </p><p>The Punjabi Muslims typically observe the Islamic festivals, do not observe Hindu or Sikh religious festivals, and in Pakistan the official holidays recognize only the Islamic festivals. The Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus typically do not observe these, and instead observe historic festivals such as <a href="/wiki/Lohri" title="Lohri">Lohri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basant_(festival)" title="Basant (festival)">Basant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> as seasonal festivals. The Sikh and Hindu festivals are regional official holidays in India, as are major Islamic festivals. Other seasonal Punjabi festivals in India include Teejon (<a href="/wiki/Teeyan" title="Teeyan">Teeyan</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Maghi" title="Maghi">Maghi</a>. Teeyan is also known as festival of women, as women enjoy it with their friends. On the day of maghi people fly kites and eat their traditional dish <a href="/wiki/Khichdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khichdi">khichdi</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_festivals" title="Punjabi festivals">Full article...</a></b>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Punjab" title="History of Punjab">History of Punjab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab, Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhar" title="Jalandhar">Jalandhar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Temple" title="Golden Temple">Golden Temple</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_culture" title="Punjabi culture">Punjabi culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Punjabi cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Punjab,_India" title="List of chief ministers of Punjab, India">List of chief ministers of Punjab, India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Misl</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Angrej" title="Angrej">Angrej</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Khewra_Salt_Mine" title="Khewra Salt Mine">Khewra Salt Mine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Punjab">Insurgency in Punjab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jathedar_of_Akal_Takht" class="mw-redirect" title="Jathedar of Akal Takht">Jathedar of Akal Takht</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Guru_Ram_Dass_Jee_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport">Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_sports_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi sports (India)">Punjabi sports (India)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">Punjabi dialects and languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chowk_poorana" title="Chowk poorana">Chowk poorana</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="General_images" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">General images</h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_d%27Aliwal_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1The charge of the British 16th Lancers at Aliwal on 28 January 1846, during the First Anglo-Sikh War (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 1The charge of the British 16th Lancers at Aliwal on 28 January 1846, during the First Anglo-Sikh War (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bataille_d%27Aliwal_1.jpg/120px-Bataille_d%27Aliwal_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bataille_d%27Aliwal_1.jpg/180px-Bataille_d%27Aliwal_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Bataille_d%27Aliwal_1.jpg/240px-Bataille_d%27Aliwal_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>The charge of the British 16th Lancers at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aliwal" title="Battle of Aliwal">Aliwal</a> on <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 1846, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjabin_1809_AD-History_of_Punjab_pg32.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2The expanding Sikh Empire in 1809. The Cis-Sutlej states are visible south of the Sutlej River (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 2The expanding Sikh Empire in 1809. The Cis-Sutlej states are visible south of the Sutlej River (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Punjabin_1809_AD-History_of_Punjab_pg32.jpg/120px-Punjabin_1809_AD-History_of_Punjab_pg32.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Punjabin_1809_AD-History_of_Punjab_pg32.jpg/180px-Punjabin_1809_AD-History_of_Punjab_pg32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Punjabin_1809_AD-History_of_Punjab_pg32.jpg/240px-Punjabin_1809_AD-History_of_Punjab_pg32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1965" data-file-height="1271" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>The expanding Sikh Empire in 1809. The <a href="/wiki/Cis-Sutlej_states" title="Cis-Sutlej states">Cis-Sutlej states</a> are visible south of the <a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej River</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3Ranjit Singh, c. 1830. (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 3Ranjit Singh, c. 1830. (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg/79px-Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg/119px-Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg/159px-Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>Ranjit Singh, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1830</span>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4Map of the Punjab Province (British India) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 4Map of the Punjab Province (British India) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Punjab_1909.jpg/120px-Punjab_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Punjab_1909.jpg/180px-Punjab_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Punjab_1909.jpg/240px-Punjab_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="821" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>Map of the Punjab Province (British India) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_-_Court_and_Camp_of_Runjeet_Singh_-_pg203.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5Ranjit Singh holding court in 1838 (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 5Ranjit Singh holding court in 1838 (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_-_Court_and_Camp_of_Runjeet_Singh_-_pg203.jpg/120px-Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_-_Court_and_Camp_of_Runjeet_Singh_-_pg203.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_-_Court_and_Camp_of_Runjeet_Singh_-_pg203.jpg/180px-Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_-_Court_and_Camp_of_Runjeet_Singh_-_pg203.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_-_Court_and_Camp_of_Runjeet_Singh_-_pg203.jpg/240px-Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_-_Court_and_Camp_of_Runjeet_Singh_-_pg203.jpg 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="486" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a> holding court in 1838 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Gurjar_(also_transliterated_as_Gujjar,_Gujar,_Gurjara,_%26_Gujjer)_Men_on_a_Pavement_and_a_Woman_in_a_Doorway_in_Delhi,_Shepherd_%26_Robertson_(possibly),_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Gujjars in Delhi (c. 1859–1869) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 6Gujjars in Delhi (c. 1859–1869) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Two_Gurjar_%28also_transliterated_as_Gujjar%2C_Gujar%2C_Gurjara%2C_%26_Gujjer%29_Men_on_a_Pavement_and_a_Woman_in_a_Doorway_in_Delhi%2C_Shepherd_%26_Robertson_%28possibly%29%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png/87px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Two_Gurjar_%28also_transliterated_as_Gujjar%2C_Gujar%2C_Gurjara%2C_%26_Gujjer%29_Men_on_a_Pavement_and_a_Woman_in_a_Doorway_in_Delhi%2C_Shepherd_%26_Robertson_%28possibly%29%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png/130px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Two_Gurjar_%28also_transliterated_as_Gujjar%2C_Gujar%2C_Gurjara%2C_%26_Gujjer%29_Men_on_a_Pavement_and_a_Woman_in_a_Doorway_in_Delhi%2C_Shepherd_%26_Robertson_%28possibly%29%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png/174px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="4732" data-file-height="6526" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>Gujjars in Delhi (c. 1859–1869) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7Contemporary painting of the Battle of Sobraon in 1846. (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 7Contemporary painting of the Battle of Sobraon in 1846. (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg/120px-Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg/180px-Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg/240px-Bataille_de_Sobraon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="1063" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>Contemporary painting of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sobraon" title="Battle of Sobraon">Battle of Sobraon</a> in 1846. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh,_minted_in_Amritsar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8Nanakshahi coins of the Sikh Empire (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 8Nanakshahi coins of the Sikh Empire (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coin_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_minted_in_Amritsar.jpg/120px-Coin_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_minted_in_Amritsar.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coin_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_minted_in_Amritsar.jpg/180px-Coin_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_minted_in_Amritsar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Coin_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_minted_in_Amritsar.jpg/240px-Coin_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_minted_in_Amritsar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>Nanakshahi coins of the Sikh Empire (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arain_men_in_Lahore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9Arains in Lahore (1868) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 9Arains in Lahore (1868) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Arain_men_in_Lahore.jpg/114px-Arain_men_in_Lahore.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Arain_men_in_Lahore.jpg/171px-Arain_men_in_Lahore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Arain_men_in_Lahore.jpg/228px-Arain_men_in_Lahore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="1045" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>Arains in Lahore (1868) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_helmet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10Sikh warrior helmet with butted mail neckguard, 1820–1840, iron overlaid with gold with mail neckguard of iron and brass (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 10Sikh warrior helmet with butted mail neckguard, 1820–1840, iron overlaid with gold with mail neckguard of iron and brass (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sikh_helmet.jpg/57px-Sikh_helmet.jpg" decoding="async" width="57" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sikh_helmet.jpg/86px-Sikh_helmet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sikh_helmet.jpg/115px-Sikh_helmet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="1587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span>Sikh warrior helmet with butted mail neckguard, 1820–1840, iron overlaid with gold with mail neckguard of iron and brass (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_trans-Indus_frontier_of_the_Punjab_and_the_Multan_Province_of_the_Sikh_Empire,_surveyed_by_Herbert_B._Edwardes,_1848%E2%80%9349_(F11-02).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11Map of the Multan Province of the Sikh Empire, Herbert B. Edwardes, 1848–49 (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 11Map of the Multan Province of the Sikh Empire, Herbert B. Edwardes, 1848–49 (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_of_the_trans-Indus_frontier_of_the_Punjab_and_the_Multan_Province_of_the_Sikh_Empire%2C_surveyed_by_Herbert_B._Edwardes%2C_1848%E2%80%9349_%28F11-02%29.jpg/84px-Map_of_the_trans-Indus_frontier_of_the_Punjab_and_the_Multan_Province_of_the_Sikh_Empire%2C_surveyed_by_Herbert_B._Edwardes%2C_1848%E2%80%9349_%28F11-02%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_of_the_trans-Indus_frontier_of_the_Punjab_and_the_Multan_Province_of_the_Sikh_Empire%2C_surveyed_by_Herbert_B._Edwardes%2C_1848%E2%80%9349_%28F11-02%29.jpg/126px-Map_of_the_trans-Indus_frontier_of_the_Punjab_and_the_Multan_Province_of_the_Sikh_Empire%2C_surveyed_by_Herbert_B._Edwardes%2C_1848%E2%80%9349_%28F11-02%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_of_the_trans-Indus_frontier_of_the_Punjab_and_the_Multan_Province_of_the_Sikh_Empire%2C_surveyed_by_Herbert_B._Edwardes%2C_1848%E2%80%9349_%28F11-02%29.jpg/168px-Map_of_the_trans-Indus_frontier_of_the_Punjab_and_the_Multan_Province_of_the_Sikh_Empire%2C_surveyed_by_Herbert_B._Edwardes%2C_1848%E2%80%9349_%28F11-02%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4697" data-file-height="6722" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span>Map of the Multan Province of the Sikh Empire, Herbert B. Edwardes, 1848–49 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khizr_Khan_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12Silver copper coin of Khizr Khan, founder of the Sayyid dynasty (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 12Silver copper coin of Khizr Khan, founder of the Sayyid dynasty (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Khizr_Khan_%284%29.jpg/120px-Khizr_Khan_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Khizr_Khan_%284%29.jpg/180px-Khizr_Khan_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Khizr_Khan_%284%29.jpg/240px-Khizr_Khan_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>Silver copper coin of <a href="/wiki/Khizr_Khan" title="Khizr Khan">Khizr Khan</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid dynasty</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_Tongue_by_Pakistani_District_-_2017_Census.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 The dominant mother tongue in each District of Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistan Census (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 13 The dominant mother tongue in each District of Pakistan, according to the 2017 Pakistan Census (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mother_Tongue_by_Pakistani_District_-_2017_Census.svg/120px-Mother_Tongue_by_Pakistani_District_-_2017_Census.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mother_Tongue_by_Pakistani_District_-_2017_Census.svg/180px-Mother_Tongue_by_Pakistani_District_-_2017_Census.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mother_Tongue_by_Pakistani_District_-_2017_Census.svg/240px-Mother_Tongue_by_Pakistani_District_-_2017_Census.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div style="text-align: center">The dominant <a href="/wiki/Mother_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother tongue">mother tongue</a> in each <a href="/wiki/District_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Pakistan">District of Pakistan</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/2017_Pakistan_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Pakistan Census">2017 Pakistan Census</a></div> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_three_unidentified_Lahore_carpenters_(likely_Tarkhan)_with_tools,_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14Tarkhans in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 14Tarkhans in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Portrait_of_three_unidentified_Lahore_carpenters_%28likely_Tarkhan%29_with_tools%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png/85px-Portrait_of_three_unidentified_Lahore_carpenters_%28likely_Tarkhan%29_with_tools%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Portrait_of_three_unidentified_Lahore_carpenters_%28likely_Tarkhan%29_with_tools%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png/128px-Portrait_of_three_unidentified_Lahore_carpenters_%28likely_Tarkhan%29_with_tools%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Portrait_of_three_unidentified_Lahore_carpenters_%28likely_Tarkhan%29_with_tools%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png/171px-Portrait_of_three_unidentified_Lahore_carpenters_%28likely_Tarkhan%29_with_tools%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png 2x" data-file-width="4676" data-file-height="6572" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>Tarkhans in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_seeking_the_sanctuary_of_Guru_Nanak,_ca.1830.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Maharaja Ranjit Singh seeking the sanctuary of Guru Nanak, ca.1830 (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 15Maharaja Ranjit Singh seeking the sanctuary of Guru Nanak, ca.1830 (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_seeking_the_sanctuary_of_Guru_Nanak%2C_ca.1830.jpg/104px-Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_seeking_the_sanctuary_of_Guru_Nanak%2C_ca.1830.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_seeking_the_sanctuary_of_Guru_Nanak%2C_ca.1830.jpg/156px-Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_seeking_the_sanctuary_of_Guru_Nanak%2C_ca.1830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_seeking_the_sanctuary_of_Guru_Nanak%2C_ca.1830.jpg/208px-Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_seeking_the_sanctuary_of_Guru_Nanak%2C_ca.1830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2221" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>Maharaja Ranjit Singh seeking the sanctuary of Guru Nanak, ca.1830 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_from_%E2%80%98Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99,_gouache,_ca.1850.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16Detail from ‘Darbar (royal court) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’, gouache, ca.1850 (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 16Detail from ‘Darbar (royal court) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’, gouache, ca.1850 (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Detail_from_%E2%80%98Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99%2C_gouache%2C_ca.1850.jpg/120px-Detail_from_%E2%80%98Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99%2C_gouache%2C_ca.1850.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Detail_from_%E2%80%98Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99%2C_gouache%2C_ca.1850.jpg/180px-Detail_from_%E2%80%98Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99%2C_gouache%2C_ca.1850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Detail_from_%E2%80%98Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99%2C_gouache%2C_ca.1850.jpg/240px-Detail_from_%E2%80%98Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%E2%80%99%2C_gouache%2C_ca.1850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1618" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>Detail from ‘<a href="/wiki/Durbar_(court)" title="Durbar (court)">Darbar</a> (royal court) of Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a>’, <a href="/wiki/Gouache" title="Gouache">gouache</a>, ca.1850 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_an_unidentified_Arora_Storekeeper_from_Lahore_with_coins_in_hand_and_in_front_of_him,_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 17Arora in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 17Arora in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portrait_of_an_unidentified_Arora_Storekeeper_from_Lahore_with_coins_in_hand_and_in_front_of_him%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png/86px-Portrait_of_an_unidentified_Arora_Storekeeper_from_Lahore_with_coins_in_hand_and_in_front_of_him%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portrait_of_an_unidentified_Arora_Storekeeper_from_Lahore_with_coins_in_hand_and_in_front_of_him%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png/129px-Portrait_of_an_unidentified_Arora_Storekeeper_from_Lahore_with_coins_in_hand_and_in_front_of_him%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Portrait_of_an_unidentified_Arora_Storekeeper_from_Lahore_with_coins_in_hand_and_in_front_of_him%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png/172px-Portrait_of_an_unidentified_Arora_Storekeeper_from_Lahore_with_coins_in_hand_and_in_front_of_him%2C_ca.1862%E2%80%9372.png 2x" data-file-width="4672" data-file-height="6528" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>Arora in Lahore (c. 1862–1872) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grey-scale_scan_of_a_painting_of_a_Hindu_official_or_courtier_(possibly_identifiable_as_Misr_Diwan_Chand)_of_the_court_of_the_Sikh_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18Brahmin in Lahore (c. 1799–1849) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 18Brahmin in Lahore (c. 1799–1849) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Grey-scale_scan_of_a_painting_of_a_Hindu_official_or_courtier_%28possibly_identifiable_as_Misr_Diwan_Chand%29_of_the_court_of_the_Sikh_Empire.jpg/94px-Grey-scale_scan_of_a_painting_of_a_Hindu_official_or_courtier_%28possibly_identifiable_as_Misr_Diwan_Chand%29_of_the_court_of_the_Sikh_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Grey-scale_scan_of_a_painting_of_a_Hindu_official_or_courtier_%28possibly_identifiable_as_Misr_Diwan_Chand%29_of_the_court_of_the_Sikh_Empire.jpg/140px-Grey-scale_scan_of_a_painting_of_a_Hindu_official_or_courtier_%28possibly_identifiable_as_Misr_Diwan_Chand%29_of_the_court_of_the_Sikh_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Grey-scale_scan_of_a_painting_of_a_Hindu_official_or_courtier_%28possibly_identifiable_as_Misr_Diwan_Chand%29_of_the_court_of_the_Sikh_Empire.jpg/187px-Grey-scale_scan_of_a_painting_of_a_Hindu_official_or_courtier_%28possibly_identifiable_as_Misr_Diwan_Chand%29_of_the_court_of_the_Sikh_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="2927" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span>Brahmin in Lahore (c. 1799–1849) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19Illustration of Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 19Illustration of Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg/79px-Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg/119px-Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg/159px-Maharaj_Ranjit_Singh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1644" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span>Illustration of <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ranjit_Singh_at_Harmandir_Sahib_-_August_Schoefft_-_Vienna_1850_-_Princess_Bamba_Collection_-_Lahore_Fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20 Ranjit Singh listening to Guru Granth Sahib being recited near the Akal Takht and Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab, India. (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 20 Ranjit Singh listening to Guru Granth Sahib being recited near the Akal Takht and Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab, India. (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ranjit_Singh_at_Harmandir_Sahib_-_August_Schoefft_-_Vienna_1850_-_Princess_Bamba_Collection_-_Lahore_Fort.jpg/120px-Ranjit_Singh_at_Harmandir_Sahib_-_August_Schoefft_-_Vienna_1850_-_Princess_Bamba_Collection_-_Lahore_Fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ranjit_Singh_at_Harmandir_Sahib_-_August_Schoefft_-_Vienna_1850_-_Princess_Bamba_Collection_-_Lahore_Fort.jpg/180px-Ranjit_Singh_at_Harmandir_Sahib_-_August_Schoefft_-_Vienna_1850_-_Princess_Bamba_Collection_-_Lahore_Fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ranjit_Singh_at_Harmandir_Sahib_-_August_Schoefft_-_Vienna_1850_-_Princess_Bamba_Collection_-_Lahore_Fort.jpg/240px-Ranjit_Singh_at_Harmandir_Sahib_-_August_Schoefft_-_Vienna_1850_-_Princess_Bamba_Collection_-_Lahore_Fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="559" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Ranjit Singh listening to <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a> being recited near the <a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golden_Temple,_Amritsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Temple, Amritsar">Golden Temple, Amritsar</a>, Punjab, India.</div> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Shepherd_and_Arthur_Robertson01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21Rajputs in Delhi (1868) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 21Rajputs in Delhi (1868) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Charles_Shepherd_and_Arthur_Robertson01.jpg/120px-Charles_Shepherd_and_Arthur_Robertson01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Charles_Shepherd_and_Arthur_Robertson01.jpg/180px-Charles_Shepherd_and_Arthur_Robertson01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Charles_Shepherd_and_Arthur_Robertson01.jpg/240px-Charles_Shepherd_and_Arthur_Robertson01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span>Rajputs in Delhi (1868) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Himalayas,_Punjab_region.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22The snow-covered Himalayas (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 22The snow-covered Himalayas (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Himalayas%2C_Punjab_region.png/120px-Himalayas%2C_Punjab_region.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Himalayas%2C_Punjab_region.png/179px-Himalayas%2C_Punjab_region.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Himalayas%2C_Punjab_region.png/239px-Himalayas%2C_Punjab_region.png 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>The snow-covered Himalayas (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda,_manuscript_page_sample_i,_Mandala_1,_Hymn_1_(Sukta_1),_Adhyaya_1,_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9,_Sanskrit,_Devanagari.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23Rig Veda, the oldest known Hindu text, originated in the Punjab region. (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 23Rig Veda, the oldest known Hindu text, originated in the Punjab region. (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg/120px-1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg/180px-1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg/240px-1500-1200_BCE_Rigveda%2C_manuscript_page_sample_i%2C_Mandala_1%2C_Hymn_1_%28Sukta_1%29%2C_Adhyaya_1%2C_lines_1.1.1_to_1.1.9%2C_Sanskrit%2C_Devanagari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2791" data-file-height="1150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span><a href="/wiki/Rig_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rig Veda">Rig Veda</a>, the oldest known Hindu text, originated in the Punjab region. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24Jats in Delhi (1868) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 24Jats in Delhi (1868) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg/120px-JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg/180px-JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg/240px-JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>Jats in Delhi (1868) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_two_unknown_Kumhar_potters_from_Lahore,_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25Kumhars in Lahore (c. 1859–1869) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 25Kumhars in Lahore (c. 1859–1869) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Portrait_of_two_unknown_Kumhar_potters_from_Lahore%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png/89px-Portrait_of_two_unknown_Kumhar_potters_from_Lahore%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Portrait_of_two_unknown_Kumhar_potters_from_Lahore%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png/134px-Portrait_of_two_unknown_Kumhar_potters_from_Lahore%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Portrait_of_two_unknown_Kumhar_potters_from_Lahore%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png/179px-Portrait_of_two_unknown_Kumhar_potters_from_Lahore%2C_ca.1859%E2%80%9369.png 2x" data-file-width="4924" data-file-height="6600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span>Kumhars in Lahore (c. 1859–1869) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:From_left_to_right-_A_Gurkha,_a_Brahmin_and_a_Sood.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 26Left to right: Gurkha, Brahmin and Shudra (Chuhra-Chamar) in Shimla (1868) (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 26Left to right: Gurkha, Brahmin and Shudra (Chuhra-Chamar) in Shimla (1868) (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/From_left_to_right-_A_Gurkha%2C_a_Brahmin_and_a_Sood.jpg/97px-From_left_to_right-_A_Gurkha%2C_a_Brahmin_and_a_Sood.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/From_left_to_right-_A_Gurkha%2C_a_Brahmin_and_a_Sood.jpg/145px-From_left_to_right-_A_Gurkha%2C_a_Brahmin_and_a_Sood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/From_left_to_right-_A_Gurkha%2C_a_Brahmin_and_a_Sood.jpg/193px-From_left_to_right-_A_Gurkha%2C_a_Brahmin_and_a_Sood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2801" data-file-height="3473" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 26</span></span>Left to right: Gurkha, Brahmin and Shudra (Chuhra-Chamar) in Shimla (1868) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 27The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh is located in Lahore, Pakistan, adjacent to the iconic Badshahi Mosque (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 27The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh is located in Lahore, Pakistan, adjacent to the iconic Badshahi Mosque (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_1.jpg/120px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_1.jpg/180px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_1.jpg/240px-Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1355" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 27</span></span>The <a href="/wiki/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh">Samadhi of Ranjit Singh</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, Pakistan, adjacent to the iconic <a href="/wiki/Badshahi_Mosque" title="Badshahi Mosque">Badshahi Mosque</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 28Taxila in Pakistan is a World Heritage Site. (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 28Taxila in Pakistan is a World Heritage Site. (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg/120px-Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg/180px-Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg/240px-Taxila_Pakistan_juillet_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 28</span></span><a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a> in Pakistan is a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Surrender_of_Porus_to_the_Emperor_Alexander.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 29One of the first known kings of ancient Punjab, King Porus, fought against Alexander the Great. His surrender is depicted in this 1865 engraving by Alonzo Chappel. (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 29One of the first known kings of ancient Punjab, King Porus, fought against Alexander the Great. His surrender is depicted in this 1865 engraving by Alonzo Chappel. (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Surrender_of_Porus_to_the_Emperor_Alexander.jpg/88px-Surrender_of_Porus_to_the_Emperor_Alexander.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Surrender_of_Porus_to_the_Emperor_Alexander.jpg/133px-Surrender_of_Porus_to_the_Emperor_Alexander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Surrender_of_Porus_to_the_Emperor_Alexander.jpg/177px-Surrender_of_Porus_to_the_Emperor_Alexander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 29</span></span>One of the first known kings of ancient Punjab, <a href="/wiki/King_Porus" class="mw-redirect" title="King Porus">King Porus</a>, fought against Alexander the Great. His surrender is depicted in this 1865 engraving by <a href="/wiki/Alonzo_Chappel" title="Alonzo Chappel">Alonzo Chappel</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_outside_near_the_Golden_Temple_in_Amritsar_with_everyone_dressed_in_Basant_(yellow).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 30Maharaja Ranjit Singh holding court outside near the Golden Temple in Amritsar with everyone dressed in Basant (yellow) (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 30Maharaja Ranjit Singh holding court outside near the Golden Temple in Amritsar with everyone dressed in Basant (yellow) (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_outside_near_the_Golden_Temple_in_Amritsar_with_everyone_dressed_in_Basant_%28yellow%29.jpg/120px-Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_outside_near_the_Golden_Temple_in_Amritsar_with_everyone_dressed_in_Basant_%28yellow%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_outside_near_the_Golden_Temple_in_Amritsar_with_everyone_dressed_in_Basant_%28yellow%29.jpg/180px-Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_outside_near_the_Golden_Temple_in_Amritsar_with_everyone_dressed_in_Basant_%28yellow%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_outside_near_the_Golden_Temple_in_Amritsar_with_everyone_dressed_in_Basant_%28yellow%29.jpg/240px-Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_holding_court_outside_near_the_Golden_Temple_in_Amritsar_with_everyone_dressed_in_Basant_%28yellow%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="743" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 30</span></span>Maharaja Ranjit Singh holding court outside near the Golden Temple in Amritsar with everyone dressed in <i>Basant</i> (yellow) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joppen1907India1805a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 31The Indian subcontinent in 1805. (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 31The Indian subcontinent in 1805. (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Joppen1907India1805a.jpg/84px-Joppen1907India1805a.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Joppen1907India1805a.jpg/126px-Joppen1907India1805a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Joppen1907India1805a.jpg/168px-Joppen1907India1805a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 31</span></span>The Indian subcontinent in 1805. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_India_1823.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 32Map showing the Punjabi Sikh Empire (from Punjab)"><img alt="Image 32Map showing the Punjabi Sikh Empire (from Punjab)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Map_of_India_1823.jpg/83px-Map_of_India_1823.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Map_of_India_1823.jpg/125px-Map_of_India_1823.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Map_of_India_1823.jpg/167px-Map_of_India_1823.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 32</span></span>Map showing the Punjabi Sikh Empire (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_drawings_of_Sikh_troops_in_action_against_British_forces.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 33Two late 19th century drawings of Sikh troops in action against British forces during the Anglo-Sikh Wars (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 33Two late 19th century drawings of Sikh troops in action against British forces during the Anglo-Sikh Wars (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Two_drawings_of_Sikh_troops_in_action_against_British_forces.jpg/120px-Two_drawings_of_Sikh_troops_in_action_against_British_forces.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Two_drawings_of_Sikh_troops_in_action_against_British_forces.jpg/180px-Two_drawings_of_Sikh_troops_in_action_against_British_forces.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Two_drawings_of_Sikh_troops_in_action_against_British_forces.jpg/240px-Two_drawings_of_Sikh_troops_in_action_against_British_forces.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="849" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 33</span></span>Two late 19th century drawings of Sikh troops in action against British forces during the Anglo-Sikh Wars (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Letter_sent_from_the_King_of_France,_Louis-Philippe,_to_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh._Ranjit_Singh_is_addressed_as_%E2%80%9CRendjit_Sing_Bahador_-_Padichah_du_Pendjab%E2%80%9D._Dated_27_October,_1835.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 34A letter sent from the King of France, Louis-Philippe to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh is addressed as “Rendjit Sing Bahador – Padichah du Pendjab”. 27 October 1835 (from Sikh Empire)"><img alt="Image 34A letter sent from the King of France, Louis-Philippe to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh is addressed as “Rendjit Sing Bahador – Padichah du Pendjab”. 27 October 1835 (from Sikh Empire)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Letter_sent_from_the_King_of_France%2C_Louis-Philippe%2C_to_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh._Ranjit_Singh_is_addressed_as_%E2%80%9CRendjit_Sing_Bahador_-_Padichah_du_Pendjab%E2%80%9D._Dated_27_October%2C_1835.jpg/84px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Letter_sent_from_the_King_of_France%2C_Louis-Philippe%2C_to_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh._Ranjit_Singh_is_addressed_as_%E2%80%9CRendjit_Sing_Bahador_-_Padichah_du_Pendjab%E2%80%9D._Dated_27_October%2C_1835.jpg/127px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Letter_sent_from_the_King_of_France%2C_Louis-Philippe%2C_to_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh._Ranjit_Singh_is_addressed_as_%E2%80%9CRendjit_Sing_Bahador_-_Padichah_du_Pendjab%E2%80%9D._Dated_27_October%2C_1835.jpg/169px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="3176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 34</span></span>A letter sent from the King of France, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis-Philippe</a> to Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh is addressed as “Rendjit Sing Bahador – Padichah du Pendjab”. 27 October 1835 (from <b><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="portal-column-right"> <div style="float:right; width:100%;"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_biography_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected biography - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Punjab&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Oval-shaped_tondo_portrait_painting_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh,_Lucknow,_Awadh,_ca.1810%E2%80%9320_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Oval-shaped_tondo_portrait_painting_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_Lucknow%2C_Awadh%2C_ca.1810%E2%80%9320_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Oval-shaped_tondo_portrait_painting_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_Lucknow%2C_Awadh%2C_ca.1810%E2%80%9320_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Oval-shaped_tondo_portrait_painting_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_Lucknow%2C_Awadh%2C_ca.1810%E2%80%9320_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Oval-shaped_tondo_portrait_painting_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_Lucknow%2C_Awadh%2C_ca.1810%E2%80%9320_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Oval-shaped_tondo_portrait_painting_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_Lucknow%2C_Awadh%2C_ca.1810%E2%80%9320_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Oval-shaped_tondo_portrait_painting_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh%2C_Lucknow%2C_Awadh%2C_ca.1810%E2%80%9320_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="1349" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company School</a> portrait painting of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lucknow, Awadh, ca.1810–20</div></div></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a></b> (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was the founder and first <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">maharaja</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a>, ruling from 1801 until his death in 1839. He ruled the northwest <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> in the early half of the 19th century. He survived <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> in infancy but lost sight in his left eye. He fought his first battle alongside his father at age 10. </p><p>After his father died around Ranjit's early teenage years, Ranjit subsequently fought several wars to expel the <a href="/wiki/Afghans" title="Afghans">Afghans</a> throughout his teenage years. At the age of 21, he was proclaimed the "Maharaja of Punjab". His empire grew in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a> under his leadership through 1839. (<b><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of selected biographies</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Porus" title="Porus">Porus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bulleh_Shah" title="Bulleh Shah">Bulleh Shah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Harjit Sajjan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jagmeet_Singh" title="Jagmeet Singh">Jagmeet Singh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Singh_Bahadur" title="Banda Singh Bahadur">Banda Singh Bahadur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jind_Kaur" title="Jind Kaur">Jind Kaur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Duleep_Singh" title="Sophia Duleep Singh">Sophia Duleep Singh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Selected_picture_-_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Selected picture - <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Punjab&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkblue"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width: 100%; overflow: auto; overflow-y:hidden;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_(6124597327).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Darbar (court) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh"><img alt="Darbar (court) of Maharaja Ranjit Singh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/The_Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_%286124597327%29.jpg/534px-The_Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_%286124597327%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="534" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/The_Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_%286124597327%29.jpg/800px-The_Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_%286124597327%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/The_Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_%286124597327%29.jpg/1067px-The_Darbar_of_Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh_%286124597327%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1458" /></a></span></div> <br /><div class="center">Darbar (court) of <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Ranjit Singh">Maharaja Ranjit Singh</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Panjab Empire</a><br />Credit: Edwin Binney</div> <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">More information</a>...</i> </p> </div> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Punjab/Selected_picture" title="Portal:Punjab/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Some_topics" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Some topics</h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049300">.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox th,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox td,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-subgroup,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_and_social_groups_of_the_Punjab" title="Template:Ethnic and social groups of the Punjab"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_and_social_groups_of_the_Punjab" title="Template talk:Ethnic and social groups of the Punjab"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_and_social_groups_of_the_Punjab" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic and social groups of the Punjab"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups,_social_groups_and_tribes_of_the_Punjabis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">social groups</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tribe" title="Tribe">tribes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agrawal" title="Agrawal">Agrawal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bansal" title="Bansal">Bansal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arain" title="Arain">Arains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rayeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayeen">Rayeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mian (tribe)">Mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehr_(name)" title="Mehr (name)">Mehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardar_(surname)" title="Kardar (surname)">Kardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramay" title="Ramay">Ramay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutto_(clan)" title="Bhutto (clan)">Bhutto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ahir_clans" title="Ahir clans">Ahirs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaduvanshi_Ahirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaduvanshi Ahirs">Yaduvanshi Ahirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosi_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghosi tribe">Ghosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Ghosi" title="Hindu Ghosi">Hindu Ghosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahar_caste" title="Ahar caste">Aharwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranghar" title="Ranghar">Ranghar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chauhan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chauhan Dynasty">Chauhans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khandowa_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khandowa (tribe)">Khandowya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled Castes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dharmi" title="Ad-Dharmi">Ad-Dharmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuhra" title="Chuhra">Balmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazigar" title="Bazigar">Bazigar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamar" title="Chamar">Chamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatik" title="Khatik">Khatik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhabi_Sikh" title="Mazhabi Sikh">Mazhabi Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochi_(Hindu)" title="Mochi (Hindu)">Mochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirasi" title="Mirasi">Mirasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_(caste)" title="Nat (caste)">Nat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdasia" title="Ramdasia">Ramdasia Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravidassia religion">Ravidasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gakhars" title="Gakhars">Gakhars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayani_Ghakar" title="Kayani Ghakar">Kayani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gurjars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurjara-Pratihara_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty">Gurjara-Pratihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhati" title="Bhati">Bhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baisla" title="Baisla">Baisla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatana" title="Khatana">Khatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jat people">Jats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atwal" title="Atwal">Atwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulakh" title="Aulakh">Aulakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajwa" title="Bajwa">Bajwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutta_(surname)" title="Bhutta (surname)">Bhutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttar" title="Buttar">Buttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaudhary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaudhary">Chaudhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheema_(surname)" title="Cheema (surname)">Cheema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauhan_dynasty" title="Chauhan dynasty">Chohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhankhar" title="Dhankhar">Dhankhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deol" title="Deol">Deol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gill (surname)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grewal" title="Grewal">Grewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswal" title="Jaswal">Jaswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlon" title="Kahlon">Kahlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharal" title="Kharal">Kharal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khokhar" title="Khokhar">Khokhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_(surname)" title="Maan (surname)">Maan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhi_(Jat_clan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malhi (Jat clan)">Malhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_(clan)" title="Malik (clan)">Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirdha" title="Mirdha">Mirdha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokal" title="Mokal">Mokal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_(surname)" title="Noon (surname)">Noon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjha_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranjha clan">Ranjha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randhawa" title="Randhawa">Randhawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahota" title="Sahota">Sahota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandhu" title="Sandhu">Sandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhon" title="Sekhon">Sekhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shergill" title="Shergill">Shergill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidhu" title="Sidhu">Sidhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sial_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sial tribe">Sial tribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipra">Sipra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodhi" title="Sodhi">Sodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohal" title="Sohal">Sohal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sohi_(clan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sohi (clan) (page does not exist)">Sohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhera" title="Sukhera">Sukhera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwana_family_of_Shahpur" title="Tiwana family of Shahpur">Tiwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppal_(surname)" title="Uppal (surname)">Uppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virk" title="Virk">Virk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warraich_(clan)" title="Warraich (clan)">Warraich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyne_(surname)" title="Wyne (surname)">Wyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labana" title="Labana">Labana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labana" title="Labana">Labana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Khatris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anand_(name)" title="Anand (name)">Anand</a></li> <li>Bhamba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhambri" title="Bhambri">Bhambri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhandari" title="Bhandari">Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhasin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhasin">Bhasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindra" title="Bindra">Bindra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadha" title="Chadha">Chadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopra_(surname)" title="Chopra (surname)">Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawan" title="Dhawan">Dhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duggal" title="Duggal">Duggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambhir" title="Gambhir">Gambhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghai">Ghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujral" title="Gujral">Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakkar" title="Kakkar">Kakkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandhari" title="Kandhari">Kandhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapoor" title="Kapoor">Kapoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanna_(name)" title="Khanna (name)">Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khattar_(clan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khattar (clan)">Khattar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khosla" title="Khosla">Khosla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khukhrain" title="Khukhrain">Khukhrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohli_(clan)" title="Kohli (clan)">Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khullar" title="Khullar">Khullar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhok" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhok">Madhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendru" title="Mahendru">Mahendru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makan_(name)" title="Makan (name)">Makan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhotra" title="Malhotra">Malhotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehra" title="Mehra">Mehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrotra" title="Mehrotra">Mehrotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagpal">Nagpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_(surname)" title="Nanda (surname)">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narula" title="Narula">Narula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayar_(name)" title="Nayar (name)">Nayyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberoi" title="Oberoi">Oberoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_(surname)" title="Puri (surname)">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Roshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabharwal" title="Sabharwal">Sabharwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahni" title="Sahni">Sahni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehgal" title="Sehgal">Sehgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_(surname)" title="Seth (surname)">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sethi" title="Sethi">Sethi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodhi" title="Sodhi">Sodhi</a></li> <li>Soni</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talwar_(surname)" title="Talwar (surname)">Talwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandon" title="Tandon">Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thapar_(surname)" title="Thapar (surname)">Thapar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trehan_(surname)" title="Trehan (surname)">Trehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadera" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadera">Vadera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadra" title="Vadra">Vadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vohra" title="Vohra">Vohra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mohyal_Brahmin" title="Mohyal Brahmin">Mohyal Brahmin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bali_clan" title="Bali clan">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimwal" title="Bhimwal">Bhimwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhibber" title="Chhibber">Chhibber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datt" title="Datt">Datt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lau_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lau clan">Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_(clan)" title="Mohan (clan)">Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaid_(surname)" title="Vaid (surname)">Vaid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajputs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarral" title="Jarral">Jarral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mair_Rajput" class="mw-redirect" title="Mair Rajput">Mair Rajput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhati" title="Bhati">Bhatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janjua" title="Janjua">Janjua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathore_(Rajput_clan)" title="Rathore (Rajput clan)">Rathore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauhan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chauhan Dynasty">Chauhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhas" title="Minhas">Minhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswal" title="Jaswal">Jaswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamwal" title="Jamwal">Jamwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_(name)" title="Rana (name)">Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattoo_(surname)" title="Wattoo (surname)">Wattoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarkhan_(Punjab)" title="Tarkhan (Punjab)">Tarkhans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panesar" title="Panesar">Panesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohal" title="Sohal">Sohal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arora" title="Arora">Arora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagga" title="Bagga">Bagga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakarwal" title="Bakarwal">Bakarwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bania_(caste)" title="Bania (caste)">Bania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogar" title="Dogar">Dogar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboj" title="Kamboj">Kamboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumhar" title="Kumhar">Kumhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saini" title="Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansi_people" title="Sansi people">Sansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Shaikh" title="Punjabi Shaikh">Shaikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049300"> <div class="PlainNavboxes"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Punjab,_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punjab,_India" title="Template:Punjab, India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punjab,_India" title="Template talk:Punjab, India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punjab,_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punjab, India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Punjab,_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Punjab,_India" title="Category:Punjab, India">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Punjab,_India" title="Demographics of Punjab, India">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Punjab,_India" title="Economy of Punjab, India">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Punjab,_India" title="Education in Punjab, India">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Punjab" title="History of Punjab">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porus" title="Porus">King Porus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Punjab,_India" title="Tourism in Punjab, India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Punjab" title="Music of Punjab">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_in_India.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Punjab_in_India.png/50px-Punjab_in_India.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Punjab_in_India.png/75px-Punjab_in_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Punjab_in_India.png/100px-Punjab_in_India.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_India" title="Government of Punjab, India">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Punjab,_India" title="List of chief ministers of Punjab, India">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Punjab,_India" title="List of governors of Punjab, India">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan,_Punjab" title="Raj Bhavan, Punjab">Raj Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_Police_(India)" title="Punjab Police (India)">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_culture" title="Punjabi culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cinema" title="Punjabi cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dances_of_Punjab" title="Folk dances of Punjab">Folk dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(dance)" title="Bhangra (dance)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giddha" title="Giddha">Giddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aawat_pauni" title="Aawat pauni">Aawat pauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipri_dance_(Punjab)" title="Tipri dance (Punjab)">Tipri dance (Punjab)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_folklore" title="Punjabi folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_practices_in_Punjab" title="Folk practices in Punjab">Folk practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjhi" title="Sanjhi">Sanjhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogaji" title="Gogaji">Gogaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhapar_Mela" title="Chhapar Mela">Chhapar Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhi_Sarwar_(saint)" title="Sakhi Sarwar (saint)">Sakhi Sarwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_fasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi fasts">Punjabi fasts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Punjab" title="Music of Punjab">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhangra_(music)" title="Bhangra (music)">Bhangra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Punjab" title="Folk music of Punjab">Folk music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_clothing" title="Punjabi clothing">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salwar" title="Salwar">Salwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_ghagra_suit" title="Punjabi ghagra suit">Punjabi ghagra suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiala_salwar" title="Patiala salwar">Patiala salwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Tamba_and_Kurta" title="Punjabi Tamba and Kurta">Punjabi Tamba and Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulkari" title="Phulkari">Phulkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jutti" title="Jutti">Jutti</a></li></ul></li> <li>Calendars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" title="Punjabi calendar">Punjabi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Bikrami calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fairs_and_festivals_in_Punjab,_India" title="List of fairs and festivals in Punjab, India">Fairs and festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_festivals" title="Punjabi festivals">Punjabi festivals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lohri" title="Lohri">Lohri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basant_(festival)" title="Basant (festival)">Basant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghi" title="Maghi">Maghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeyan" title="Teeyan">Teeyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakhri">Rakhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Religious festivals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals_in_Punjab" title="List of Hindu festivals in Punjab">Hindu festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sikh_festivals" title="List of Sikh festivals">Sikh festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_sports_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi sports (India)">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi_in_India" title="Kabaddi in India">Kabaddi in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Raipur_Sports_Festival" title="Qila Raipur Sports Festival">Qila Raipur Sports Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_kabaddi" title="Punjabi kabaddi">Punjabi kabaddi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_nationalism" title="Punjabi nationalism">Punjabi nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Suba_movement" title="Punjabi Suba movement">Punjabi Suba movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Folk arts and crafts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chowk_poorana" title="Chowk poorana">Chowk poorana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulkari" title="Phulkari">Phulkari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Patiala</li> <li>Rupnagar</li> <li>Jalandhar</li> <li>Faridkot</li> <li>Firozpur</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Punjab,_India" title="List of districts of Punjab, India">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohali_district" title="Mohali district">SAS Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar_district" title="Amritsar district">Sri Amritsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnala_district" title="Barnala district">Barnala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathinda_district" title="Bathinda district">Bathinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faridkot_district" title="Faridkot district">Faridkot </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatehgarh_Sahib_district" title="Fatehgarh Sahib district">Fatehgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazilka_district" title="Fazilka district">Fazilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firozpur_district" title="Firozpur district">Firozpur </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdaspur_district" title="Gurdaspur district">Gurdaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur_district" title="Hoshiarpur district">Hoshiarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhar_district" title="Jalandhar district">Jalandhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapurthala_district" title="Kapurthala district">Kapurthala </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludhiana_district" title="Ludhiana district">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansa_district,_India" title="Mansa district, India">Mansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moga_district" title="Moga district">Moga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathankot_district" title="Pathankot district">Pathankot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiala_district" title="Patiala district">Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Muktsar_Sahib_district" title="Sri Muktsar Sahib district">Sri Muktsar Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupnagar_district" title="Rupnagar district">Rupnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangrur_district" title="Sangrur district">Sangrur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Bhagat_Singh_Nagar_district" title="Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar district">Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarn_Taran_district" title="Tarn Taran district">Tarn Taran Sahib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Chandigarh_and_Punjab,_India_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Chandigarh and Punjab, India by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhar" title="Jalandhar">Jalandhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patiala" title="Patiala">Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathinda" title="Bathinda">Bathinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshiarpur" title="Hoshiarpur">Hoshiarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohali" title="Mohali">Mohali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batala" title="Batala">Batala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathankot" title="Pathankot">Pathankot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moga,_Punjab" title="Moga, Punjab">Moga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049300"> <div class="PlainNavboxes"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Punjab,_Pakistan&#124;link=Punjab,_Pakistan_Province_of_Punjab,_Pakistan_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Template:Punjab, Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Punjab, Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punjab, Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Punjab,_Pakistan&#124;link=Punjab,_Pakistan_Province_of_Punjab,_Pakistan_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan"><img alt="Punjab, Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Punjab.svg/23px-Flag_of_Punjab.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Punjab.svg/35px-Flag_of_Punjab.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Punjab.svg/45px-Flag_of_Punjab.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a>, Pakistan topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Punjab" title="History of Punjab">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Punjab" title="History of Punjab">History of Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lahore" title="History of Lahore">History of Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Punjab.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A shield displaying a coat of arms; on a dark blue background, an open book displays the words "Dominus Illuminatio Mea"; two gold crowns above, one below" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coat_of_arms_of_Punjab.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Punjab.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coat_of_arms_of_Punjab.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Punjab.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coat_of_arms_of_Punjab.svg/320px-Coat_of_arms_of_Punjab.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Government of Punjab, Pakistan">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_the_Punjab" title="Provincial Assembly of the Punjab">Provincial Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Punjab, Pakistan">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Governor of Punjab, Pakistan">Governor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_culture" title="Punjabi culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi tribes">Punjabi tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_people" title="Saraiki people">Saraiki people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_folklore" title="Punjabi folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_Ajrak" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraiki Ajrak">Saraiki Ajrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pothwari dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cuisine" title="Punjabi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabi music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_clothing" title="Punjabi clothing">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salwar_(Punjabi)_Suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Salwar (Punjabi) Suit">Salwar (Punjabi) Suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_and_monuments_in_Punjab,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of archaeological sites and monuments in Punjab, Pakistan">Archaeological sites and monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_festivals_(Pakistan)" title="Punjabi festivals (Pakistan)">Festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Punjab,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bahawalpur</li> <li>Dera Ghazi Khan</li> <li>Faisalabad</li> <li>Gujranwala</li> <li>Gujrat</li> <li>Lahore</li> <li>Mianwali</li> <li>Multan</li> <li>Rawalpindi</li> <li>Sahiwal</li> <li>Sarghoda</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attock_District" title="Attock District">Attock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahawalnagar_District" title="Bahawalnagar District">Bahawalnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahawalpur_District" title="Bahawalpur District">Bahawalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakkar_District" title="Bhakkar District">Bhakkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakwal_District" title="Chakwal District">Chakwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiniot_District" title="Chiniot District">Chiniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dera_Ghazi_Khan_District" title="Dera Ghazi Khan District">Dera Ghazi Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisalabad_District" title="Faisalabad District">Fasialabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujranwala_District" title="Gujranwala District">Gujranwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujrat_District" title="Gujrat District">Gujrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafizabad_District" title="Hafizabad District">Hafizabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jampur_District" title="Jampur District">Jampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhang_District" title="Jhang District">Jhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_District" title="Jhelum District">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanewal_District" title="Khanewal District">Khanewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushab_District" title="Khushab District">Khushab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kot_Addu_District" title="Kot Addu District">Kot Addu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_District" title="Lahore District">Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layyah_District" title="Layyah District">Layyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodhran_District" title="Lodhran District">Lodhran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandi_Bahauddin_District" title="Mandi Bahauddin District">Mandi Bahauddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianwali_District" title="Mianwali District">Mianwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murree_District" title="Murree District">Murree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_District" title="Multan District">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffargarh_District" title="Muzaffargarh District">Muzaffargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nankana_Sahib_District" title="Nankana Sahib District">Nankana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narowal_District" title="Narowal District">Narowal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okara_District" title="Okara District">Okara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakpattan_District" title="Pakpattan District">Pakpattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasur_District" title="Kasur District">Kasur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahim_Yar_Khan_District" title="Rahim Yar Khan District">Rahim Yar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajanpur_District" title="Rajanpur District">Rajanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi_District" title="Rawalpindi District">Rawalpindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahiwal_District" title="Sahiwal District">Sahiwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargodha_District" title="Sargodha District">Sargodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikhupura_District" title="Sheikhupura District">Sheikhupura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialkot_District" title="Sialkot District">Sialkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talagang_District" title="Talagang District">Talagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunsa_District" title="Taunsa District">Taunsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Tek_Singh_District" title="Toba Tek Singh District">Toba Tek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehari_District" title="Vehari District">Vehari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazirabad_District" title="Wazirabad District">Wazirabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_Stadium" title="Gaddafi Stadium">Gaddafi Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqbal_Stadium_(Faisalabad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iqbal Stadium (Faisalabad)">Iqbal Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisalabad_Hockey_Stadium" title="Faisalabad Hockey Stadium">Faisalabad Hockey Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialkot" title="Sialkot">Sialkot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049300"> <div class="PlainNavboxes"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Rivers_of_Punjab" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rivers_of_the_Punjab" title="Template:Rivers of the Punjab"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers_of_the_Punjab" title="Template talk:Rivers of the Punjab"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers_of_the_Punjab" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers of the Punjab"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Rivers_of_Punjab" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The Rivers of Punjab</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:50px"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutlej" title="Sutlej">Sutlej</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Punjab_map_(topographic)_with_cities.png" class="mw-file-description"><img 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class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="People_from_the_Sikh_Empire" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Sikh_Empire" title="Category:People from the Sikh Empire">People from the Sikh Empire</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_the_Sikh_Empire" title="Category:Treaties of the Sikh Empire">Treaties of the Sikh Empire</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <p><br /> <b>Provinces and territories of Punjab</b> <b>Provinces and territories</b>: </p><p><b>1799-1849 definition</b>: <a href="/wiki/Category:Chandigarh" title="Category:Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Delhi" title="Category:Delhi">Delhi</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Punjab,_India" title="Category:Punjab, India">Eastern Punjab state</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Category:Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Federally Administered Tribal Areas</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Category:Gilgit-Baltistan">Galgit</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Haryana" title="Category:Haryana">Haryana</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Himachal_Pradesh" title="Category:Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Category:Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad Capital Territory</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Jammu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Jammu (page does not exist)">Jammu</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Kashmir" title="Category:Kashmir">Kashmir</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_Kush" title="Category:Hindu Kush">Khyber Pass</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Category:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Ladakh" title="Category:Ladakh">Ladakh</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Category:Punjab, Pakistan">Western Punjab province</a> </p><p><b>1947 definition</b>: <a href="/wiki/Category:Chandigarh" title="Category:Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Delhi" title="Category:Delhi">Delhi</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Punjab,_India" title="Category:Punjab, India">Eastern Punjab state</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Haryana" title="Category:Haryana">Haryana</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Himachal_Pradesh" title="Category:Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Category:Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad Capital Territory</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Category:Punjab, Pakistan">Western Punjab province</a> </p><p><b>Present definition</b>: <a href="/wiki/Category:Chandigarh" title="Category:Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Punjab,_India" title="Category:Punjab, India">Eastern Punjab state</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Category:Punjab, Pakistan">Western Punjab province</a> </p><p><b>Major cities</b>: <a href="/wiki/Category:Amritsar" title="Category:Amritsar">Amritsar</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Bathinda" title="Category:Bathinda">Bathinda</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Chandigarh" title="Category:Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Faisalabad" title="Category:Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Lahore" title="Category:Lahore">Lahore</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Ludhiana" title="Category:Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Multan" title="Category:Multan">Multan</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Patiala" title="Category:Patiala">Patiala</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Sialkot" title="Category:Sialkot">Sialkot</a> </p> <div 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#000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/27px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/41px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/54px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/27px-British_Empire_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/41px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Empire_1897.jpg/54px-British_Empire_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="849" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:British_Empire" title="Portal:British Empire">British Empire</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/21px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/32px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Khanda_emblem.svg/42px-Khanda_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="606" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sikhism" title="Portal:Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Notice_board" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Notice board</h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><big><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Punjabi_Wikipedians%27_notice_board" title="Wikipedia:Punjabi Wikipedians' notice board">Punjabi wikipedians' noticeboard</a></big></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div class="portal-column-right"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="WikiProject_Punjab" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">WikiProject Punjab</h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/25px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/38px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/50px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Punjab" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Punjab">WikiProject Punjab</a></b> was formed to foster better articles on the region of <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> with a spirit of cooperation. The project is a home base that provides a place for Wikipedians (editors) to discuss issues, while share information and resources regarding improvements to Punjabi related articles, which can be discussed at the project's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Punjabi_Wikipedians%27_notice_board" title="Wikipedia talk:Punjabi Wikipedians' notice board">talk page</a>. To join WikiProject Punjab (anyone may join), simply list your username on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Punjab/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Punjab/Members">the members page</a>. Editors are also encouraged to participate in the more regional and/or topic specific WikiProject 's as listed below. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Associated Wikimedia</h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Punjab"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Punjab" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Punjab">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Punjab">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Punjab">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Punjab">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Punjab">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Punjab">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Punjab">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/Punjab">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Punjab" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Punjab">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:black;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#aaccff;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:black;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APunjab&action=edit"><span style="color:black">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Wikipedia_in_Punjabi" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:black;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Wikipedia in Punjabi</h2></div><div style="color:#000;opacity:1;border:1px solid #000;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#f9f9ff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td>There is a <a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="pnb:Main Page">Shahmukhi <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">پنجابی</span> version</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia. <p>There is a <a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="pa:Main Page">Gurmukhi <span title="Punjabi-language text"><span lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></span> version</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current 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