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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Virtue Ethics</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">39,575 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Virtue Ethics</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Virtue_Ethics">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23344547" data-work_id="23344547" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23344547/Measuring_systems_of_virtue_development">Measuring systems of virtue development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We focus on virtue ethics measures for business academicians and practitioners. Despite virtue ethics' long history, virtue ethics scale development is a somewhat new field. Here, we introduce conceptualizations of virtue ethics and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23344547" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We focus on virtue ethics measures for business academicians and practitioners. Despite virtue ethics' long history, virtue ethics scale development is a somewhat new field. Here, we introduce conceptualizations of virtue ethics and the attributes that define it, including three challenges to developing virtue ethics scales: subjectivity (virtues are person specific), cultural relativism (a globally recognized set of virtues may not exist), and psychological ego (people's programming dictates responses to stimuli). Next, we discuss the psychology literature on which many virtue ethics scales are based and attempts to measure personal and group virtue ethics. Finally, we delineate challenges to virtue ethics scale development and best practices for avoiding social desirability and acquiescence bias.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23344547" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1fda506621f1181c7775f59a18e64f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43800877,"asset_id":23344547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43800877/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1296760" href="https://nmsu.academia.edu/MichaelHyman">Michael R Hyman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1296760" type="text/json">{"id":1296760,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Hyman","domain_name":"nmsu","page_name":"MichaelHyman","display_name":"Michael R Hyman","profile_url":"https://nmsu.academia.edu/MichaelHyman?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1296760/477835/2915298/s65_michael.hyman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23344547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23344547"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23344547, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23344547", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23344547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23344547; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23344547"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23344547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23344547"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23344547; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23344547]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23344547").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23344547").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23344547"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23344547]'), work: {"id":23344547,"title":"Measuring systems of virtue development","created_at":"2016-03-16T18:52:13.336-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23344547/Measuring_systems_of_virtue_development?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_23344547","summary":"We focus on virtue ethics measures for business academicians and practitioners. Despite virtue ethics' long history, virtue ethics scale development is a somewhat new field. Here, we introduce conceptualizations of virtue ethics and the attributes that define it, including three challenges to developing virtue ethics scales: subjectivity (virtues are person specific), cultural relativism (a globally recognized set of virtues may not exist), and psychological ego (people's programming dictates responses to stimuli). Next, we discuss the psychology literature on which many virtue ethics scales are based and attempts to measure personal and group virtue ethics. Finally, we delineate challenges to virtue ethics scale development and best practices for avoiding social desirability and acquiescence bias.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43800877,"asset_id":23344547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1296760,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Hyman","domain_name":"nmsu","page_name":"MichaelHyman","display_name":"Michael R Hyman","profile_url":"https://nmsu.academia.edu/MichaelHyman?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1296760/477835/2915298/s65_michael.hyman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7573575" data-work_id="7573575" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7573575/Eudaimonia_Beyond_Virtue_The_Meaningful_Good_Life">Eudaimonia Beyond Virtue: The (Meaningful) Good Life</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7573575" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8aee4c5291fff7fcf1e285c38c111586" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":4329,"name":"Theories of Meaning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theories_of_Meaning?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4585" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meaning_of_Life">Meaning of Life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4585" type="text/json">{"id":4585,"name":"Meaning of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meaning_of_Life?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5970" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stoicism">Stoicism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5970" type="text/json">{"id":5970,"name":"Stoicism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stoicism?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7573575]'), work: {"id":7573575,"title":"Eudaimonia Beyond Virtue: The (Meaningful) 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33062155/Review_of_Alasdair_MacIntyres_Ethics_in_the_Conflicts_of_Modernity_An_Essay_on_Desire_Practical_Reasoning_and_Narrative_forthcoming_in_The_Philosophical_Quarterly_">Review of Alasdair MacIntyre's Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity: An Essay on Desire, Practical Reasoning, and Narrative (forthcoming in The Philosophical Quarterly)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33062155" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33062155]'), work: {"id":33062155,"title":"Review of Alasdair MacIntyre's Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity: An Essay on Desire, Practical Reasoning, and Narrative (forthcoming in The Philosophical Quarterly)","created_at":"2017-05-17T16:53:15.578-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33062155/Review_of_Alasdair_MacIntyres_Ethics_in_the_Conflicts_of_Modernity_An_Essay_on_Desire_Practical_Reasoning_and_Narrative_forthcoming_in_The_Philosophical_Quarterly_?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_33062155","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53187952,"asset_id":33062155,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1478407,"first_name":"David","last_name":"McPherson","domain_name":"creighton","page_name":"DavidMcPherson","display_name":"David McPherson","profile_url":"https://creighton.academia.edu/DavidMcPherson?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1478407/527820/15361725/s65_david.mcpherson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":12551,"name":"Alasdair MacIntyre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alasdair_MacIntyre?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44322831" data-work_id="44322831" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44322831/Ethics_for_Drone_Operators_Rules_versus_Virtues">Ethics for Drone Operators: Rules versus Virtues</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Until recently most militaries tended to see moral issues through the lens of rules and regulations. Today, however, many armed forces consider teaching virtues to be an important complement to imposing rules and codes from above. A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44322831" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Until recently most militaries tended to see moral issues through the lens of rules and regulations. Today, however, many armed forces consider teaching virtues to be an important complement to imposing rules and codes from above. A closer look reveals that it is mainly established military virtues such as honour, courage and loyalty that dominate both the lists of virtues and values of most militaries and the growing body of literature on military virtues. Although there is evidently still a role for these traditional martial virtues, it is equally evident that they are not particularly relevant to, for instance, military personnel operating drones. This chapter looks into the ethics of unmanned warfare from the perspective of military virtues and military ethics education, and addresses the question of what we need to solve that just-mentioned misalignment: 1) a new set of virtues; 2) a different interpretation of the existing virtues; or 3) a different approach altogether, that is, an alternative to teaching virtues? That we have to think about such questions is at least partly because unmanned systems bring risk asymmetry in war to a new level, making warlike virtues such as physical courage by and large obsolete. The last section of this chapter therefore addresses the question: to what extent does the possibility of riskless warfare makes drone use ‘virtue-less’?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44322831" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4fce281623aa0935a334e1f2d86f11f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":118937214,"asset_id":44322831,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118937214/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3419234" href="https://nlda.academia.edu/PeterOlsthoorn">Peter Olsthoorn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3419234" type="text/json">{"id":3419234,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Olsthoorn","domain_name":"nlda","page_name":"PeterOlsthoorn","display_name":"Peter Olsthoorn","profile_url":"https://nlda.academia.edu/PeterOlsthoorn?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3419234/1179312/161842939/s65_peter.olsthoorn.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44322831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44322831"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44322831, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44322831", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44322831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44322831; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44322831"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44322831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44322831"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44322831; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44322831]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44322831").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44322831").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44322831"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Ethics">Military Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="568" type="text/json">{"id":568,"name":"Military Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1198" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Peace and Conflict Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1198" type="text/json">{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44322831]'), work: {"id":44322831,"title":"Ethics for Drone Operators: Rules versus Virtues","created_at":"2020-10-18T13:56:15.874-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44322831/Ethics_for_Drone_Operators_Rules_versus_Virtues?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_44322831","summary":"Until recently most militaries tended to see moral issues through the lens of rules and regulations. Today, however, many armed forces consider teaching virtues to be an important complement to imposing rules and codes from above. A closer look reveals that it is mainly established military virtues such as honour, courage and loyalty that dominate both the lists of virtues and values of most militaries and the growing body of literature on military virtues. Although there is evidently still a role for these traditional martial virtues, it is equally evident that they are not particularly relevant to, for instance, military personnel operating drones. This chapter looks into the ethics of unmanned warfare from the perspective of military virtues and military ethics education, and addresses the question of what we need to solve that just-mentioned misalignment: 1) a new set of virtues; 2) a different interpretation of the existing virtues; or 3) a different approach altogether, that is, an alternative to teaching virtues? That we have to think about such questions is at least partly because unmanned systems bring risk asymmetry in war to a new level, making warlike virtues such as physical courage by and large obsolete. The last section of this chapter therefore addresses the question: to what extent does the possibility of riskless warfare makes drone use ‘virtue-less’? ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":118937214,"asset_id":44322831,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3419234,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Olsthoorn","domain_name":"nlda","page_name":"PeterOlsthoorn","display_name":"Peter Olsthoorn","profile_url":"https://nlda.academia.edu/PeterOlsthoorn?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3419234/1179312/161842939/s65_peter.olsthoorn.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":568,"name":"Military Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=3468"},{"id":12973,"name":"Just War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Just_War_Theory?f_ri=3468"},{"id":13057,"name":"War Crimes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Crimes?f_ri=3468"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=3468"},{"id":34275,"name":"Just war theory (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Just_war_theory_Philosophy_?f_ri=3468"},{"id":61215,"name":"Virtue theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_theory?f_ri=3468"},{"id":89919,"name":"Robots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Robots?f_ri=3468"},{"id":146319,"name":"Just War Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Just_War_Tradition?f_ri=3468"},{"id":188430,"name":"Drones, Targeted Killing, Ethics of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drones_Targeted_Killing_Ethics_of_War?f_ri=3468"},{"id":189027,"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicle_UAV_?f_ri=3468"},{"id":329707,"name":"Drones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drones?f_ri=3468"},{"id":335460,"name":"Military Drones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Drones?f_ri=3468"},{"id":882275,"name":"Drone Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drone_Warfare?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11325910" data-work_id="11325910" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11325910/Foucault_s_Spirituality_and_the_Critique_of_Modern_Morality">Foucault’s “Spirituality” and the Critique of Modern Morality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since the last quarter of the 20th century, “morality” as a theoretical enterprise revolving around the notions of “law,” “obligation” and “universality” has been severely criticized in the Anglo-Saxon world, especially by the proponents... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11325910" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since the last quarter of the 20th century, “morality” as a theoretical enterprise revolving around the notions of “law,” “obligation” and “universality” has been severely criticized in the Anglo-Saxon world, especially by the proponents of virtue ethics. However, with the exception of some remarkable figures -such as Alasdair MacIntyre- critics stayed reluctant to focus on the intricate relationship between the modern paradigm of morality and the cultural and political context in which it functions. In this paper, I will argue that Michel Foucault’s work provides us highly valuable conceptual tools through which “code-based morality” can be analyzed primarily as a central “dispositif” that regulates the modalities in which the self relates to the world, to others and to herself. To this end, I will mainly focus on the historical narrative that Foucault develops in his later lectures and show the extent to which certain key aspects of this genealogy may contribute to a criticism of the modern enterprise of morality. A prominent question will be whether the relatively neglected dichotomy between “philosophy” and “spirituality” that Foucault offers in his Hermeneutics of the Subject can be given a key place in this critical project.  <br /> <br />Keywords: ethics, morality, philosophy, spirituality, self, ascesis, Hermeneutics of the Subject</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11325910" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f0f5a0636552c65e97f128dc1558851" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54279289,"asset_id":11325910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54279289/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68498" href="https://istanbultek.academia.edu/keremeksen">kerem eksen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68498" type="text/json">{"id":68498,"first_name":"kerem","last_name":"eksen","domain_name":"istanbultek","page_name":"keremeksen","display_name":"kerem eksen","profile_url":"https://istanbultek.academia.edu/keremeksen?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68498/2912065/3403519/s65_kerem.eksen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11325910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11325910"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11325910, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11325910", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11325910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11325910; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11325910"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11325910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11325910"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11325910; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11325910]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11325910").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11325910").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11325910"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality">Spirituality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3815" type="text/json">{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11927" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault">Michel Foucault</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11927" type="text/json">{"id":11927,"name":"Michel Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11325910]'), work: {"id":11325910,"title":"Foucault’s “Spirituality” and the Critique of Modern Morality","created_at":"2015-03-08T05:48:02.798-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11325910/Foucault_s_Spirituality_and_the_Critique_of_Modern_Morality?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_11325910","summary":"Since the last quarter of the 20th century, “morality” as a theoretical enterprise revolving around the notions of “law,” “obligation” and “universality” has been severely criticized in the Anglo-Saxon world, especially by the proponents of virtue ethics. However, with the exception of some remarkable figures -such as Alasdair MacIntyre- critics stayed reluctant to focus on the intricate relationship between the modern paradigm of morality and the cultural and political context in which it functions. In this paper, I will argue that Michel Foucault’s work provides us highly valuable conceptual tools through which “code-based morality” can be analyzed primarily as a central “dispositif” that regulates the modalities in which the self relates to the world, to others and to herself. To this end, I will mainly focus on the historical narrative that Foucault develops in his later lectures and show the extent to which certain key aspects of this genealogy may contribute to a criticism of the modern enterprise of morality. A prominent question will be whether the relatively neglected dichotomy between “philosophy” and “spirituality” that Foucault offers in his Hermeneutics of the Subject can be given a key place in this critical project. \r\n\r\nKeywords: ethics, morality, philosophy, spirituality, self, ascesis, Hermeneutics of the Subject\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54279289,"asset_id":11325910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68498,"first_name":"kerem","last_name":"eksen","domain_name":"istanbultek","page_name":"keremeksen","display_name":"kerem eksen","profile_url":"https://istanbultek.academia.edu/keremeksen?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68498/2912065/3403519/s65_kerem.eksen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue 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u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a 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type="text/json">{"id":61763884,"first_name":"Mohammed","last_name":"Rustom","domain_name":"carleton-ca","page_name":"MohammedRustom","display_name":"Mohammed Rustom","profile_url":"https://carleton-ca.academia.edu/MohammedRustom?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/61763884/16042817/153451769/s65_mohammed.rustom.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40933944">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40933944"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aub-lb.academia.edu/BilalOrfali">Bilal Orfali</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aub-lb.academia.edu/LouiseGallorini">Louise Gallorini</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4979" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies">Islamic Contemporary Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4979" type="text/json">{"id":4979,"name":"Islamic Contemporary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40933944]'), work: {"id":40933944,"title":"Conference Report - Mysticism and Ethics in Islam (American University of Beirut, 2–3 May 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Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Mysticism?f_ri=3468"},{"id":96517,"name":"Islamic philosophy and theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_philosophy_and_theology?f_ri=3468"},{"id":120867,"name":"Arabic/Persian Manuscripts, codicology, Islamic philosophy, early Islamic history and thoughts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Persian_Manuscripts_codicology_Islamic_philosophy_early_Islamic_history_and_thoughts?f_ri=3468"},{"id":142830,"name":"History and Philosophy of Islamic education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Philosophy_of_Islamic_education?f_ri=3468"},{"id":473772,"name":"Islamic Work Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Work_Ethics?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22434825 coauthored" data-work_id="22434825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22434825/Ethics_of_Caring_in_Environmental_Ethics_Indigenous_and_Feminist_Philosophies">Ethics of Caring in Environmental Ethics: Indigenous and Feminist Philosophies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22434825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of environmental decision making and environmental science. Indigenous and feminist movements such as the Mother Earth Water Walk and the Green Belt Movement are ongoing examples of the effectiveness of on-the-ground environmental care ethics. Indigenous ethics highlight attentive caring for the intertwined needs of humans and nonhumans within interdependent communities. Feminist environmental care ethics emphasize the importance of empowering communities to care for themselves and the social and ecological communities in which their lives and interests are interwoven. The gendered, feminist, historical, and anticolonial dimensions of care ethics, indigenous ethics, and other related approaches provide rich ground for rethinking and reclaiming the nature and depth of diverse relationships as the fabric of social and ecological being.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22434825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ede4354c1877a55243a649db2f26e8e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43053935,"asset_id":22434825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43053935/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="449110" href="https://umich.academia.edu/KyleWhyte">Kyle Whyte</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="449110" type="text/json">{"id":449110,"first_name":"Kyle","last_name":"Whyte","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"KyleWhyte","display_name":"Kyle Whyte","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/KyleWhyte?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/449110/145868/11059711/s65_kyle.whyte.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22434825">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22434825"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uga.academia.edu/ChrisCuomo">Chris Cuomo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22434825'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22434825').html(); 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These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of environmental decision making and environmental science. Indigenous and feminist movements such as the Mother Earth Water Walk and the Green Belt Movement are ongoing examples of the effectiveness of on-the-ground environmental care ethics. Indigenous ethics highlight attentive caring for the intertwined needs of humans and nonhumans within interdependent communities. Feminist environmental care ethics emphasize the importance of empowering communities to care for themselves and the social and ecological communities in which their lives and interests are interwoven. The gendered, feminist, historical, and anticolonial dimensions of care ethics, indigenous ethics, and other related approaches provide rich ground for rethinking and reclaiming the nature and depth of diverse relationships as the fabric of social and ecological being.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43053935,"asset_id":22434825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":449110,"first_name":"Kyle","last_name":"Whyte","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"KyleWhyte","display_name":"Kyle Whyte","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/KyleWhyte?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/449110/145868/11059711/s65_kyle.whyte.jpg"},{"id":101634,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Cuomo","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"ChrisCuomo","display_name":"Chris Cuomo","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/ChrisCuomo?f_ri=3468","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1556455" href="https://bu.academia.edu/GregVanBuskirk">Greg Van Buskirk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1556455" type="text/json">{"id":1556455,"first_name":"Greg","last_name":"Van Buskirk","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"GregVanBuskirk","display_name":"Greg Van Buskirk","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/GregVanBuskirk?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1556455/548590/24616241/s65_greg.van_buskirk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15399623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15399623"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15399623, container: 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Dignity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Dignity?f_ri=3468"},{"id":109283,"name":"John Wesley","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Wesley?f_ri=3468"},{"id":305716,"name":"Grace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grace?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36055088" data-work_id="36055088" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36055088/Les_G%C3%A9missements_de_la_Cr%C3%A9ation_Fondements_dune_Ethique_Ecologique_Chr%C3%A9tienne">Les Gémissements de la Création, Fondements d'une Ethique Ecologique Chrétienne</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Travail de Master réalisé en 2017 cherchant à développer des fondements éthiques proprement chrétiens pour répondre aux questions écologiques qui sont les nôtres. La réflexion prend pour point d'ancrage une péricope bien connue de la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36055088" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Travail de Master réalisé en 2017 cherchant à développer des fondements éthiques proprement chrétiens pour répondre aux questions écologiques qui sont les nôtres. <br />La réflexion prend pour point d'ancrage une péricope bien connue de la lettre aux Romains (8, 18-30) qui est analysée sur la première moitié du travail. L'exégèse se veut complète et propose une interprétation à la lumière de la lettre aux Romains dans sa totalité.<br />La deuxième moitié est consacrée au développement d'une herméneutique verte sur la base de l'exégèse en insistant sur l'ancrage juif de la pensée de Paul. Le travail se termine par des pistes de réflexions éthiques.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36055088" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca5fca5aa7d0b4f173da7768b030d8a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55940698,"asset_id":36055088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55940698/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48640216" href="https://unifr.academia.edu/BenjaminVaytet">Benjamin Vaytet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48640216" type="text/json">{"id":48640216,"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Vaytet","domain_name":"unifr","page_name":"BenjaminVaytet","display_name":"Benjamin Vaytet","profile_url":"https://unifr.academia.edu/BenjaminVaytet?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48640216/19174092/36820690/s65_benjamin.vaytet.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36055088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36055088"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36055088, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36055088", }); 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L'exégèse se veut complète et propose une interprétation à la lumière de la lettre aux Romains dans sa totalité.\nLa deuxième moitié est consacrée au développement d'une herméneutique verte sur la base de l'exégèse en insistant sur l'ancrage juif de la pensée de Paul. 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I unpack what gender complementarianism is, examine its history, and compare it to how Scripture and earlier Christian Tradition understood gender.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33865814" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This was a research paper for a course entitled Feminist and Multicultural Theologies. I unpack what gender complementarianism is, examine its history, and compare it to how Scripture and earlier Christian Tradition understood gender. This allows me to establish that gender complementarianism is a recent innovation in secular and Christian thinking about gender, and that it can be described as a "trajectory" from Scripture and Tradition on gender, influenced by social, ideological, and intellectual developments in secular societies. I then pursue a critique of gender complementarianism, arguing that it is an "unsatisfactory trajectory" because it has troubling implications for orthodox theology, is not borne out by empirical experience and observation, and has harmful effects on human beings and societies and on ethical development.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33865814" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1a2e0ec0a2527db8fc31511910445de7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53844599,"asset_id":33865814,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53844599/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="786566" href="https://durham.academia.edu/CalebDay">Caleb M Day</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="786566" type="text/json">{"id":786566,"first_name":"Caleb","last_name":"Day","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"CalebDay","display_name":"Caleb M Day","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/CalebDay?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/786566/267026/21091304/s65_caleb.day.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33865814 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33865814"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33865814, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33865814", }); 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Les codes de conduites... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1499758" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La doctrine récente en théorie et en philosophie du droit examine depuis plusieurs années les transformations du droit dans la mondialisation à partir de l’hypothèse de la formation d’un droit global. Les codes de conduites constitueraient un élément typique de ce droit global naissant.  <br /> <br />Confrontés au phénomène massif de multiplication des codes de conduite, considéré comme extérieur au droit, selon la théorie et les critères classiques des normes juridiques, mais qui évolue pourtant en interaction sinon en concurrence avec lui, les auteurs examinent dans cette contribution le problème des rapports entre codes de conduite et sources du droit. Ce problème se décline en deux questions distinctes, mais complémentaires, qui sont traitées successivement. Premièrement, les codes de conduite constituent-ils ou seraient-ils susceptibles de constituer une source formelle du droit et, dans l’affirmative, laquelle ? S’agit-il d’une source spécifique, sui generis, ou peut-on finalement la ramener à des sources connues comme la convention, l’usage ou d’autres solutions encore ? Deuxièmement, dans quelle mesure les codes de conduite nous invitent-ils à repenser la théorie des sources, à éventuellement modifier ou compléter notre compréhension de ce concept, voire, et c’est vers cette option plus radicale que les auteurs inclinent, à remettre en cause la pertinence de la notion de « sources du droit », sa capacité à rendre compte d’un phénomène normatif, qui s’inscrit dans une logique qui fondamentalement différente de l’approche du droit par les sources ?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1499758" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea83e51039c02e5713691d1b783a5b4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":11836312,"asset_id":1499758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/11836312/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="823815" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/GregoryLewkowicz">Gregory Lewkowicz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="823815" type="text/json">{"id":823815,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Lewkowicz","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"GregoryLewkowicz","display_name":"Gregory Lewkowicz","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/GregoryLewkowicz?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/823815/286554/18712331/s65_gregory.lewkowicz.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1499758">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1499758"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ulb.academia.edu/BenoitFrydman">Benoit Frydman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1499758'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1499758').html(); 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Les codes de conduites constitueraient un élément typique de ce droit global naissant. \r\n\r\nConfrontés au phénomène massif de multiplication des codes de conduite, considéré comme extérieur au droit, selon la théorie et les critères classiques des normes juridiques, mais qui évolue pourtant en interaction sinon en concurrence avec lui, les auteurs examinent dans cette contribution le problème des rapports entre codes de conduite et sources du droit. Ce problème se décline en deux questions distinctes, mais complémentaires, qui sont traitées successivement. Premièrement, les codes de conduite constituent-ils ou seraient-ils susceptibles de constituer une source formelle du droit et, dans l’affirmative, laquelle ? S’agit-il d’une source spécifique, sui generis, ou peut-on finalement la ramener à des sources connues comme la convention, l’usage ou d’autres solutions encore ? Deuxièmement, dans quelle mesure les codes de conduite nous invitent-ils à repenser la théorie des sources, à éventuellement modifier ou compléter notre compréhension de ce concept, voire, et c’est vers cette option plus radicale que les auteurs inclinent, à remettre en cause la pertinence de la notion de « sources du droit », sa capacité à rendre compte d’un phénomène normatif, qui s’inscrit dans une logique qui fondamentalement différente de l’approche du droit par les sources ?\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":11836312,"asset_id":1499758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":823815,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Lewkowicz","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"GregoryLewkowicz","display_name":"Gregory 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7025305/Islam_as_an_Ethical_Tradition_of_International_Relations">Islam as an Ethical Tradition of International Relations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The paper discusses the role that Islamic values can play in articulating Islam as an ethical tradition that can shape the international relations.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7025305" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50034270/Is_Transhumanism_Necessarily_Utilitarian_Recasting_Alternative_Ethical_Systems_Towards_a_Future_Human_Flourishing">Is Transhumanism Necessarily Utilitarian? Recasting Alternative Ethical Systems Towards a Future Human Flourishing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this piece, I consider various problematic themes of the transhumanist literature that carry significant ethical import, to point out that traditional utilitarian approaches, the ones standardly preferred by transhumanism, reveal some... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50034270" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this piece, I consider various problematic themes of the transhumanist literature that carry significant ethical import, to point out that traditional utilitarian approaches, the ones standardly preferred by transhumanism, reveal some grave conundrums and are thus unable to satisfactorily address several pressing issues that afflict the movement. Instead of aiming at solving each one of them, I propose rethinking the novel ethical problems triggered by transhumanism via a consideration of divergent ethical frameworks, as opposed to the utilitarian one used by default. I advance that alternative ethical positions, such as duty and virtue ethics, deserve to be seriously examined as viable systems of moral reasoning for this pervasive phenomenon. In this vein, I jump-start the articulation of deontological and aretaic narratives applied to transhumanism. I conclude by urging further investigation on alternative ethical outlooks applied to the movement, suggesting further scholarship on the intersection of these with the shared aim of human flourishing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50034270" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f4018b36bf4a4bf2408ce4d7ab3f1d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68168699,"asset_id":50034270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68168699/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4832388" href="https://humber.academia.edu/AlcibiadesMalapiNelson">Alcibiades Malapi-Nelson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4832388" type="text/json">{"id":4832388,"first_name":"Alcibiades","last_name":"Malapi-Nelson","domain_name":"humber","page_name":"AlcibiadesMalapiNelson","display_name":"Alcibiades Malapi-Nelson","profile_url":"https://humber.academia.edu/AlcibiadesMalapiNelson?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4832388/2065659/10562316/s65_alcibiades.malapi-nelson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50034270 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50034270"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50034270, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50034270", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50034270]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50034270").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50034270").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50034270"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2019" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2019" type="text/json">{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11861" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11861" type="text/json">{"id":11861,"name":"Transhumanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transhumanism?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14816" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14816" type="text/json">{"id":14816,"name":"Utilitarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utilitarianism?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50034270]'), work: {"id":50034270,"title":"Is Transhumanism Necessarily Utilitarian? 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I advance that alternative ethical positions, such as duty and virtue ethics, deserve to be seriously examined as viable systems of moral reasoning for this pervasive phenomenon. In this vein, I jump-start the articulation of deontological and aretaic narratives applied to transhumanism. I conclude by urging further investigation on alternative ethical outlooks applied to the movement, suggesting further scholarship on the intersection of these with the shared aim of human flourishing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68168699,"asset_id":50034270,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4832388,"first_name":"Alcibiades","last_name":"Malapi-Nelson","domain_name":"humber","page_name":"AlcibiadesMalapiNelson","display_name":"Alcibiades Malapi-Nelson","profile_url":"https://humber.academia.edu/AlcibiadesMalapiNelson?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4832388/2065659/10562316/s65_alcibiades.malapi-nelson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":11861,"name":"Transhumanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transhumanism?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":14816,"name":"Utilitarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utilitarianism?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":16031,"name":"Immanuel Kant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immanuel_Kant?f_ri=3468"},{"id":94627,"name":"Deontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deontology?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39028256" data-work_id="39028256" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39028256/Athletic_Beauty_as_Mimesis_of_Virtue_The_Case_of_the_Beautiful_Boxer">Athletic Beauty as Mimesis of Virtue: The Case of the Beautiful Boxer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Terme Boxer, a life-size naked bronze athlete, complete with bleeding cuts, a broken nose, and cauliflower ears, is, by any count, a striking piece of sculpture. In it, some see the athletic embodiment of Hellenic aretē, others see... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39028256" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Terme Boxer, a life-size naked bronze athlete, complete with bleeding cuts, a broken nose, and cauliflower ears, is, by any count, a striking piece of sculpture.  In it, some see the athletic embodiment of Hellenic aretē, others see an indictment of the brutality inherent in Roman games.  Understanding what this boxer represents depends on having a particular perspective, which was itself the subject of debate and cultivation in Greco-Roman literature and philosophy.  Dio Chrysostom’s encomium of Melancomas sets the boxer up as an example to be emulated—not just for his beauty, but for his virtue, which is the source of his beauty—a beauty which infuses his entire being and eschews both adornment and luxury.  Epictetus’ Discourses promote the same ethical aesthetic, ridiculing the Roman penchant for primping and plucking.  It is as if athletic statues incarnate Socrates’ ideally educated citizen in the Republic (402d).  “If someone’s soul has a fine and beautiful character and his body matches its beauty and is thus in harmony with it…wouldn’t that be the most beautiful sight for anyone who has eyes to see?”  Crucially, though, having “eyes to see” depends precisely on having a proper education, one that enables a person to love the beautiful youth without touching him, because his real love is for the “fine and beautiful.”(402d-403c).  Such love for the fine and beautiful depended on a Hellenic education, even for Romans. Melancomas’ eulogy ends with an exhortation: “Come then, train zealously and toil hard, the younger men in the belief that this man’s place has been left to them, the older in a way that befits their own achievements; yes, and take all the pride in these things that men should who live for praise and glory and are devotees of virtue.” (29.21).  Hellenic virtue is as much about discernment of beauty as it is about sweat and toil.  The kaloskagathos must be capable of appreciating and even loving athletic beauty—perhaps even the battered athletic beauty of a statue like the Terme Boxer.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39028256" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7cd8f519887aa55b6655d0d98bafe924" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59139813,"asset_id":39028256,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59139813/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="954339" href="https://morningside.academia.edu/HeatherReid">Heather Reid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="954339" type="text/json">{"id":954339,"first_name":"Heather","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"morningside","page_name":"HeatherReid","display_name":"Heather Reid","profile_url":"https://morningside.academia.edu/HeatherReid?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/954339/352706/420633/s65_heather.reid.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39028256 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39028256"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39028256, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39028256", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39028256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39028256").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39028256").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39028256"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="808" type="text/json">{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2018" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato">Plato</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2018" type="text/json">{"id":2018,"name":"Plato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17227" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sports_Athletics">Ancient Sports/Athletics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17227" type="text/json">{"id":17227,"name":"Ancient Sports/Athletics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sports_Athletics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39028256]'), work: {"id":39028256,"title":"Athletic Beauty as Mimesis of Virtue: The Case of the Beautiful Boxer","created_at":"2019-05-06T02:23:24.996-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39028256/Athletic_Beauty_as_Mimesis_of_Virtue_The_Case_of_the_Beautiful_Boxer?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_39028256","summary":"The Terme Boxer, a life-size naked bronze athlete, complete with bleeding cuts, a broken nose, and cauliflower ears, is, by any count, a striking piece of sculpture. In it, some see the athletic embodiment of Hellenic aretē, others see an indictment of the brutality inherent in Roman games. Understanding what this boxer represents depends on having a particular perspective, which was itself the subject of debate and cultivation in Greco-Roman literature and philosophy. Dio Chrysostom’s encomium of Melancomas sets the boxer up as an example to be emulated—not just for his beauty, but for his virtue, which is the source of his beauty—a beauty which infuses his entire being and eschews both adornment and luxury. Epictetus’ Discourses promote the same ethical aesthetic, ridiculing the Roman penchant for primping and plucking. It is as if athletic statues incarnate Socrates’ ideally educated citizen in the Republic (402d). “If someone’s soul has a fine and beautiful character and his body matches its beauty and is thus in harmony with it…wouldn’t that be the most beautiful sight for anyone who has eyes to see?” Crucially, though, having “eyes to see” depends precisely on having a proper education, one that enables a person to love the beautiful youth without touching him, because his real love is for the “fine and beautiful.”(402d-403c). Such love for the fine and beautiful depended on a Hellenic education, even for Romans. Melancomas’ eulogy ends with an exhortation: “Come then, train zealously and toil hard, the younger men in the belief that this man’s place has been left to them, the older in a way that befits their own achievements; yes, and take all the pride in these things that men should who live for praise and glory and are devotees of virtue.” (29.21). Hellenic virtue is as much about discernment of beauty as it is about sweat and toil. The kaloskagathos must be capable of appreciating and even loving athletic beauty—perhaps even the battered athletic beauty of a statue like the Terme Boxer.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59139813,"asset_id":39028256,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":954339,"first_name":"Heather","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"morningside","page_name":"HeatherReid","display_name":"Heather Reid","profile_url":"https://morningside.academia.edu/HeatherReid?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/954339/352706/420633/s65_heather.reid.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":2018,"name":"Plato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":17227,"name":"Ancient 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82302163/Psychoanalysis_the_Good_Life_and_Human_Development">Psychoanalysis, the Good Life, and Human Development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82302163" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a91930d258211af925f41b4f7d6ed84d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":88055257,"asset_id":82302163,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility">Corporate Social Responsibility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1452" type="text/json">{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1483" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis">Foreign Policy Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1483" type="text/json">{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2499679]'), work: {"id":2499679,"title":"Bilge Strateji Cilt 1 Sayı 1","created_at":"2013-02-01T17:45:36.064-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2499679/Bilge_Strateji_Cilt_1_Say%C4%B1_1?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_2499679","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30883928,"asset_id":2499679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3246956,"first_name":"Wise Men Center for Strategic Studies","last_name":"BILGESAM","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Bilgesam","display_name":"Wise Men Center for Strategic Studies BILGESAM","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Bilgesam?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3246956/1071336/1337153/s65_bilgesam.stratejik_ara_t_rmalar_merkezi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":1483,"name":"Foreign Policy Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Policy_Analysis?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=3468"},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue 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js-work-card work_72607770" data-work_id="72607770" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72607770/Virtues_and_Fundamental_values_A_case_study_on_how_to_teach_the_fundamental_values_using_New_Spring">Virtues and Fundamental values A case study on how to teach the fundamental values using New Spring</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72607770" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb208e9b1c31a302e8f59e4b6f137993" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81469711,"asset_id":72607770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81469711/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58400602" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaEnghardt">Martina Enghardt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58400602" type="text/json">{"id":58400602,"first_name":"Martina","last_name":"Enghardt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MartinaEnghardt","display_name":"Martina Enghardt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaEnghardt?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/1c2fa08ba6cef165a021e6c0d6797d27?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72607770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72607770"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72607770, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72607770", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72607770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: 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$(".js-view-count-work_72607770").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72607770").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72607770"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72607770]'), work: {"id":72607770,"title":"Virtues and Fundamental values A case study on how to teach the 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Enghardt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaEnghardt?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/1c2fa08ba6cef165a021e6c0d6797d27?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":6223,"name":"English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English?f_ri=3468"},{"id":19254,"name":"Moral Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Education?f_ri=3468"},{"id":44057,"name":"Curriculum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum?f_ri=3468"},{"id":181358,"name":"Fantasy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fantasy?f_ri=3468"},{"id":649857,"name":"Moral Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Values?f_ri=3468"},{"id":1638453,"name":"Robert Jordan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Robert_Jordan?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8832833" data-work_id="8832833" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8832833/_Spinal_Cord_Injury_and_the_Joy_of_Work_2013_Scandinavian_Journal_of_Disability_Research_July_2013_">“Spinal-Cord Injury and the Joy of Work” (2013), Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, (July 2013).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Work, which plays such a prominent part in the narrative of human life, is central to a person's happiness (or unhappiness). Because this is so, the fact that spinal-cord injury (SCI) tends to take a person out of the workforce (sometimes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8832833" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Work, which plays such a prominent part in the narrative of human life, is central to a person's happiness (or unhappiness). Because this is so, the fact that spinal-cord injury (SCI) tends to take a person out of the workforce (sometimes permanently) is recognised as a central part of post-injury loss. This paper draws on the insights of the virtue tradition and the discipline of positive psychology, to explore the notion of happiness (well-being) and its relationship to the vocations of people with SCI. In particular, it describes the virtues that can contribute to a person’s capacity to obtain and sustain employment. This includes virtues relating to dependency and independency, as well as the role of hope, optimism and the like. It concludes with a brief discussion of the contribution that people with SCI can make to the culture of the workplace.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8832833" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1fcaf359eea0d57b7e2dcad1c568b153" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35174576,"asset_id":8832833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35174576/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="215998" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/ShaneClifton">Shane Clifton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="215998" type="text/json">{"id":215998,"first_name":"Shane","last_name":"Clifton","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"ShaneClifton","display_name":"Shane Clifton","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/ShaneClifton?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215998/760210/29174961/s65_shane.clifton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8832833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8832833"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8832833, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8832833", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8832833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8832833; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8832833"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8832833 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8832833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8832833; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8832833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8832833").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8832833").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8832833"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22824" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injury">Spinal Cord Injury</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22824" type="text/json">{"id":22824,"name":"Spinal Cord Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injury?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8832833]'), work: {"id":8832833,"title":"“Spinal-Cord Injury and the Joy of Work” (2013), Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, (July 2013).","created_at":"2014-10-17T15:41:43.278-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8832833/_Spinal_Cord_Injury_and_the_Joy_of_Work_2013_Scandinavian_Journal_of_Disability_Research_July_2013_?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_8832833","summary":"Work, which plays such a prominent part in the narrative of human life, is central to a person's happiness (or unhappiness). Because this is so, the fact that spinal-cord injury (SCI) tends to take a person out of the workforce (sometimes permanently) is recognised as a central part of post-injury loss. This paper draws on the insights of the virtue tradition and the discipline of positive psychology, to explore the notion of happiness (well-being) and its relationship to the vocations of people with SCI. In particular, it describes the virtues that can contribute to a person’s capacity to obtain and sustain employment. This includes virtues relating to dependency and independency, as well as the role of hope, optimism and the like. It concludes with a brief discussion of the contribution that people with SCI can make to the culture of the workplace.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35174576,"asset_id":8832833,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":215998,"first_name":"Shane","last_name":"Clifton","domain_name":"sydney","page_name":"ShaneClifton","display_name":"Shane Clifton","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/ShaneClifton?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215998/760210/29174961/s65_shane.clifton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":22824,"name":"Spinal Cord Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord_Injury?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63465721" data-work_id="63465721" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63465721/Asger_S%C3%B8rensen_Sabina_Lovibond_Ethical_Formation_Journal_of_Moral_Philosophy_vol_1_no_1_2004_pp_118_121">Asger Sørensen: "Sabina Lovibond: Ethical Formation”, Journal of Moral Philosophy, vol. 1, no. 1, 2004, pp. 118-121</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Review of book by Sabina Lovibond</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63465721" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b623bc8352c8dbb531e55c3ecd9eab4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75888024,"asset_id":63465721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75888024/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5274335" href="https://au.academia.edu/AsgerS%C3%B8rensen">Asger Sørensen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5274335" type="text/json">{"id":5274335,"first_name":"Asger","last_name":"Sørensen","domain_name":"au","page_name":"AsgerSørensen","display_name":"Asger Sørensen","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/AsgerS%C3%B8rensen?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5274335/2319960/36290036/s65_asger.s_rensen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63465721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63465721"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63465721, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63465721", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63465721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63465721; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63465721"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63465721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63465721"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63465721; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63465721]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63465721").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63465721").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63465721"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24381" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teleology">Teleology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24381" type="text/json">{"id":24381,"name":"Teleology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teleology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Reason">Practical Reason</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46208" type="text/json">{"id":46208,"name":"Practical Reason","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Reason?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="555745" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recalcitrance">Recalcitrance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="555745" type="text/json">{"id":555745,"name":"Recalcitrance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recalcitrance?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63465721]'), work: {"id":63465721,"title":"Asger Sørensen: \"Sabina Lovibond: Ethical Formation”, Journal of Moral Philosophy, vol. 1, no. 1, 2004, pp. 118-121","created_at":"2021-12-07T09:44:29.765-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63465721/Asger_S%C3%B8rensen_Sabina_Lovibond_Ethical_Formation_Journal_of_Moral_Philosophy_vol_1_no_1_2004_pp_118_121?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_63465721","summary":"Review of book by Sabina Lovibond","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75888024,"asset_id":63465721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5274335,"first_name":"Asger","last_name":"Sørensen","domain_name":"au","page_name":"AsgerSørensen","display_name":"Asger Sørensen","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/AsgerS%C3%B8rensen?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5274335/2319960/36290036/s65_asger.s_rensen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":24381,"name":"Teleology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teleology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":46208,"name":"Practical Reason","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Reason?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":555745,"name":"Recalcitrance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recalcitrance?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36924130" data-work_id="36924130" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36924130/THE_RESTORATION_OF_THE_BEAUTIFUL_SOUL_CONSTRUCT_IN_THE_LIVES_AND_WORKS_OF_SIX_VISUAL_ARTISTS_WASSILY_KANDINSKY_K%C3%84THE_KOLLWITZ_JACOB_LAWRENCE_MARK_ROTHKO_VINCENT_VAN_GOGH_REMEDIOS_VARO">THE RESTORATION OF THE BEAUTIFUL SOUL CONSTRUCT IN THE LIVES AND WORKS OF SIX VISUAL ARTISTS: WASSILY KANDINSKY, KÄTHE KOLLWITZ, JACOB LAWRENCE, MARK ROTHKO, VINCENT VAN GOGH, REMEDIOS VARO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Nobel Prize, arguably the most prestigious acknowledgement of ethical achievement, was established by Alfred Nobel to honor those who have performed “to the greatest benefit of mankind” (Nobel, 2018). Despite the many categories for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36924130" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Nobel Prize, arguably the most prestigious acknowledgement of ethical achievement, was established by Alfred Nobel to honor those who have performed “to the greatest benefit of mankind” (Nobel, 2018). Despite the many categories for which Nobel laureates are recognized, there is no category that specifically recognizes the visual artist. In addition, many other direct and indirect measures of individual ethical achievement, such as Gallup’s annual most admired man and woman poll, rarely mention artists. This lack raises an important question: Do contributions to the visual arts fall outside the realm of ethics, thus rendering visual artists ineligible to stand as models of the ethical life?<br />This dissertation aims to cultivate an understanding of the visual artist as a type of ethical exemplar known as the “restored beautiful soul,” a theoretical construct proposed here for the first time in the Masi Model of the Artist as Restored Beautiful Soul (MMARBS). This construct combines the kalos kagathos ideal of the “beautiful soul,” which originated in ancient Greece as the fusion of the beautiful and the good and was revived by Enlightenment philosophers, with a restorative additional element of the communal. Using this new theoretical construct, this investigation analyzes the lives, practices, and influences of a sample of prominent late-nineteenth- and twentieth-century visual artists.<br />This investigation is not simply a theoretical foray into the construct of the ethical artist, however; it is also a practical contribution to the field of arts education. Currently, arts schools and art programs at institutions of higher learning offer little guidance to help aspiring young artists ground their lives and work in a comprehensive system of personal and professional ethics. To remedy this deficiency, arts educators can incorporate the case examples from this investigation into their own curricula, and, more important still, apply the restored beautiful soul construct (MMARBS) to other historical and contemporary artists. Thus, using this new construct, arts educators can develop one-of-a-kind curricula tailored to the needs of specific students, providing those students with role models to demonstrate what it means to maintain a sense of integrity with respect to one’s work, one’s viewers, and one’s community over a career spanning a lifetime.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36924130" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="717814d6eb20cf375665b6fb19891337" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56874163,"asset_id":36924130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56874163/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="83522005" href="https://bu.academia.edu/RobinMasi">Robin Masi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="83522005" type="text/json">{"id":83522005,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Masi","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"RobinMasi","display_name":"Robin Masi","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/RobinMasi?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83522005/19983485/19771699/s65_robin.masi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36924130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36924130"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36924130, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36924130", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36924130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36924130; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36924130"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36924130 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36924130"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36924130; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36924130]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36924130").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36924130").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36924130"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2504" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Ethics">Research Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2504" type="text/json">{"id":2504,"name":"Research Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15341" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics_and_Ethics">Aesthetics and Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15341" type="text/json">{"id":15341,"name":"Aesthetics and Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics_and_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36924130]'), work: {"id":36924130,"title":"THE RESTORATION OF THE BEAUTIFUL SOUL CONSTRUCT IN THE LIVES AND WORKS OF SIX VISUAL ARTISTS: WASSILY KANDINSKY, KÄTHE KOLLWITZ, JACOB LAWRENCE, MARK ROTHKO, VINCENT VAN GOGH, REMEDIOS VARO","created_at":"2018-06-26T13:47:53.823-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36924130/THE_RESTORATION_OF_THE_BEAUTIFUL_SOUL_CONSTRUCT_IN_THE_LIVES_AND_WORKS_OF_SIX_VISUAL_ARTISTS_WASSILY_KANDINSKY_K%C3%84THE_KOLLWITZ_JACOB_LAWRENCE_MARK_ROTHKO_VINCENT_VAN_GOGH_REMEDIOS_VARO?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_36924130","summary":"The Nobel Prize, arguably the most prestigious acknowledgement of ethical achievement, was established by Alfred Nobel to honor those who have performed “to the greatest benefit of mankind” (Nobel, 2018). Despite the many categories for which Nobel laureates are recognized, there is no category that specifically recognizes the visual artist. In addition, many other direct and indirect measures of individual ethical achievement, such as Gallup’s annual most admired man and woman poll, rarely mention artists. This lack raises an important question: Do contributions to the visual arts fall outside the realm of ethics, thus rendering visual artists ineligible to stand as models of the ethical life?\nThis dissertation aims to cultivate an understanding of the visual artist as a type of ethical exemplar known as the “restored beautiful soul,” a theoretical construct proposed here for the first time in the Masi Model of the Artist as Restored Beautiful Soul (MMARBS). This construct combines the kalos kagathos ideal of the “beautiful soul,” which originated in ancient Greece as the fusion of the beautiful and the good and was revived by Enlightenment philosophers, with a restorative additional element of the communal. Using this new theoretical construct, this investigation analyzes the lives, practices, and influences of a sample of prominent late-nineteenth- and twentieth-century visual artists.\nThis investigation is not simply a theoretical foray into the construct of the ethical artist, however; it is also a practical contribution to the field of arts education. Currently, arts schools and art programs at institutions of higher learning offer little guidance to help aspiring young artists ground their lives and work in a comprehensive system of personal and professional ethics. To remedy this deficiency, arts educators can incorporate the case examples from this investigation into their own curricula, and, more important still, apply the restored beautiful soul construct (MMARBS) to other historical and contemporary artists. Thus, using this new construct, arts educators can develop one-of-a-kind curricula tailored to the needs of specific students, providing those students with role models to demonstrate what it means to maintain a sense of integrity with respect to one’s work, one’s viewers, and one’s community over a career spanning a lifetime. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56874163,"asset_id":36924130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":83522005,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Masi","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"RobinMasi","display_name":"Robin Masi","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/RobinMasi?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83522005/19983485/19771699/s65_robin.masi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":2504,"name":"Research Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":15341,"name":"Aesthetics and Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics_and_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":26558,"name":"Visual Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts?f_ri=3468"},{"id":333506,"name":"Visual Arts, Art Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts_Art_Education?f_ri=3468"},{"id":920993,"name":"Visual Arts Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts_Education?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3684749" data-work_id="3684749" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3684749/The_Next_Stage_of_CSR_for_Canada_Transformational_Corporate_Governance_Hybrid_Legal_Structures_and_the_Growth_of_Social_Enterprise">The Next Stage of CSR for Canada: Transformational Corporate Governance, Hybrid Legal Structures, and the Growth of Social Enterprise</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The period when corporate social responsibility (CSR) only referred to corporate philanthropic donations has passed. Present day CSR is intimately intertwined with sustainable development, and its growth in the last several decades has... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3684749" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The period when corporate social responsibility (CSR) only referred to corporate philanthropic donations has passed. Present day CSR is intimately intertwined with sustainable development, and its growth in the last several decades has been evident in Canada. The recent appearance of “hybrid” corporate legal structures on the international stage marks a growing trend toward enabling the dual pursuit of economic and social mandates for businesses. It suggests that the next significant stage in the CSR movement will be in the reformation and creation of corporate legal models that not only enable, but require, CSR concepts to be embodied within corporate governance practices. <br /> <br />While the US shareholder primacy model is often presumed to be the model that is dominant in modern Canadian corporations, this presumption is flawed. This article identifies some of the fundamental legal features that set Canada apart from US shareholder primacy, and attempts to demarcate a path for Canada to attain transformational corporate governance through its laws. The term “transformational” is borrowed from the business sector to help identify a tangible goal for corporate governance reform in Canada. Highlights include having a sustainable purpose, long term vision, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Canada is poised to become a leader in corporate governance reform on two fronts: through the reformation of its existing laws regulating mainstream corporate governance practices, and in the creation of hybrid laws that can meet growing demands to legally house and govern social purpose businesses and enterprises. <br /> <br />There has been much fanfare surrounding the possible implementation of a hybrid similar to the US “benefit corporation” in Canada in order to address growing for-profit sector needs to pursue social value in addition to profit-making. However, some of the fundamental legal characteristics within the benefit corporation actually parallel existing common laws in Canada regarding mainstream corporate governance practices. Canada does not need to adopt American solutions to American problems. During these formative years of Canada’s corporate legal development, it is critical that the nation’s progressive legal stance is properly understood and taken into account when establishing hybrid laws so as not to confuse and/or jeopardize that stance. An ongoing stream of thoughtful and intelligent commentary is needed to address and advance Canadian corporate legal needs for social progress, as well as the establishment of innovative new hybrid laws that can bridge the gap between for-profit and non-profit sectors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3684749" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="62b525889122680b65df05869587baf9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64777891,"asset_id":3684749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64777891/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="319311" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/CarolLiao">Carol Liao</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="319311" type="text/json">{"id":319311,"first_name":"Carol","last_name":"Liao","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"CarolLiao","display_name":"Carol Liao","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/CarolLiao?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/319311/133948/7879622/s65_carol.liao.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3684749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3684749"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3684749, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3684749", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3684749]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3684749").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3684749").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3684749"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">27</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1452" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility">Corporate Social Responsibility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1452" type="text/json">{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1656" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Entrepreneurship">Social Entrepreneurship</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1656" type="text/json">{"id":1656,"name":"Social Entrepreneurship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Entrepreneurship?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2095" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law">Corporate Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2095" type="text/json">{"id":2095,"name":"Corporate Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3684749]'), work: {"id":3684749,"title":"The Next Stage of CSR for Canada: Transformational Corporate Governance, Hybrid Legal Structures, and the Growth of Social Enterprise","created_at":"2013-06-10T14:01:40.235-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3684749/The_Next_Stage_of_CSR_for_Canada_Transformational_Corporate_Governance_Hybrid_Legal_Structures_and_the_Growth_of_Social_Enterprise?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_3684749","summary":"The period when corporate social responsibility (CSR) only referred to corporate philanthropic donations has passed. Present day CSR is intimately intertwined with sustainable development, and its growth in the last several decades has been evident in Canada. The recent appearance of “hybrid” corporate legal structures on the international stage marks a growing trend toward enabling the dual pursuit of economic and social mandates for businesses. It suggests that the next significant stage in the CSR movement will be in the reformation and creation of corporate legal models that not only enable, but require, CSR concepts to be embodied within corporate governance practices. \r\n\r\nWhile the US shareholder primacy model is often presumed to be the model that is dominant in modern Canadian corporations, this presumption is flawed. This article identifies some of the fundamental legal features that set Canada apart from US shareholder primacy, and attempts to demarcate a path for Canada to attain transformational corporate governance through its laws. The term “transformational” is borrowed from the business sector to help identify a tangible goal for corporate governance reform in Canada. Highlights include having a sustainable purpose, long term vision, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Canada is poised to become a leader in corporate governance reform on two fronts: through the reformation of its existing laws regulating mainstream corporate governance practices, and in the creation of hybrid laws that can meet growing demands to legally house and govern social purpose businesses and enterprises. \r\n\r\nThere has been much fanfare surrounding the possible implementation of a hybrid similar to the US “benefit corporation” in Canada in order to address growing for-profit sector needs to pursue social value in addition to profit-making. However, some of the fundamental legal characteristics within the benefit corporation actually parallel existing common laws in Canada regarding mainstream corporate governance practices. Canada does not need to adopt American solutions to American problems. During these formative years of Canada’s corporate legal development, it is critical that the nation’s progressive legal stance is properly understood and taken into account when establishing hybrid laws so as not to confuse and/or jeopardize that stance. An ongoing stream of thoughtful and intelligent commentary is needed to address and advance Canadian corporate legal needs for social progress, as well as the establishment of innovative new hybrid laws that can bridge the gap between for-profit and non-profit sectors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64777891,"asset_id":3684749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":319311,"first_name":"Carol","last_name":"Liao","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"CarolLiao","display_name":"Carol Liao","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/CarolLiao?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/319311/133948/7879622/s65_carol.liao.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":1656,"name":"Social Entrepreneurship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Entrepreneurship?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":2095,"name":"Corporate Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=3468"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=3468"},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468"},{"id":3474,"name":"Community Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development?f_ri=3468"},{"id":4167,"name":"Corporate Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Governance?f_ri=3468"},{"id":4296,"name":"Natural Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Law?f_ri=3468"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=3468"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=3468"},{"id":7292,"name":"Corporate Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Finance?f_ri=3468"},{"id":8230,"name":"Socio-legal studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socio-legal_studies?f_ri=3468"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=3468"},{"id":42814,"name":"Ethics and economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_and_economics?f_ri=3468"},{"id":49736,"name":"Green Supply Chain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Supply_Chain_Management?f_ri=3468"},{"id":54114,"name":"Canada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canada?f_ri=3468"},{"id":165328,"name":"International Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Strategy?f_ri=3468"},{"id":294344,"name":"Political economy of regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_economy_of_regulation?f_ri=3468"},{"id":309968,"name":"Soft Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Law?f_ri=3468"},{"id":329310,"name":"Ethical Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Leadership?f_ri=3468"},{"id":425133,"name":"Law \u0026 Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Economics-2?f_ri=3468"},{"id":467313,"name":"Responsible Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Responsible_Consumption?f_ri=3468"},{"id":562371,"name":"Global Economic Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Economic_Governance-1?f_ri=3468"},{"id":939797,"name":"Social Entrepreneurship \u0026 Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Entrepreneurship_and_Innovation?f_ri=3468"},{"id":939798,"name":"Human Rights and Corruption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_and_Corruption?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12495446" data-work_id="12495446" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12495446/On_Humanization_of_Life">On Humanization of Life</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12495446" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c27d1c98aa900576f4842bd813943260" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37692613,"asset_id":12495446,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37692613/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23750798" href="https://uit.academia.edu/ThorOlavOlsen">Thor Olav Olsen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23750798" type="text/json">{"id":23750798,"first_name":"Thor Olav","last_name":"Olsen","domain_name":"uit","page_name":"ThorOlavOlsen","display_name":"Thor Olav Olsen","profile_url":"https://uit.academia.edu/ThorOlavOlsen?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23750798/6437640/7281608/s65_thor_olav.olsen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12495446 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" 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data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="227749" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ARISTOTLE_-_PLATO_-_METAPHYSICS_-_EPISTEMOLOGY">ARISTOTLE - PLATO - METAPHYSICS - EPISTEMOLOGY</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="227749" type="text/json">{"id":227749,"name":"ARISTOTLE - PLATO - METAPHYSICS - EPISTEMOLOGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ARISTOTLE_-_PLATO_-_METAPHYSICS_-_EPISTEMOLOGY?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12495446]'), work: {"id":12495446,"title":"On Humanization of 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35722219/Introduction_to_Ethics_Spring_2018_Morey_Williams_Ph_D">Introduction to Ethics, Spring 2018, Morey Williams, Ph.D.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35722219" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2301c370ea5632e054d16adc395a853a" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology">Developmental Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="252" type="text/json">{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="907" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Psychology">Moral Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="907" type="text/json">{"id":907,"name":"Moral Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16834" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attachment_Theory">Attachment Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16834" type="text/json">{"id":16834,"name":"Attachment Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attachment_Theory?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4182416]'), work: {"id":4182416,"title":"Attachment Theory, Character and Naturalism","created_at":"2013-08-06T03:46:19.101-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4182416/Attachment_Theory_Character_and_Naturalism?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_4182416","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31682959,"asset_id":4182416,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":109729,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Harcourt","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"EdwardHarcourt","display_name":"Edward Harcourt","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/EdwardHarcourt?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/109729/2633774/3060193/s65_edward.harcourt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":907,"name":"Moral Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":16834,"name":"Attachment Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attachment_Theory?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":18182,"name":"Naturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naturalism?f_ri=3468"},{"id":28383,"name":"Aristotle's Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotles_Ethics?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9422016" data-work_id="9422016" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9422016/Luck_and_Risk_in_Medicine">Luck and Risk in Medicine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper we will be considering and contrasting two cases, one involving luck and one involving risk, in order to compare the accounts of responsibility appropriate to each case. The diabetic patient: Deanne suffers from type 1... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9422016" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper we will be considering and contrasting two cases, one involving luck and one involving risk, in order to compare the accounts of responsibility appropriate to each case. <br /> <br />The diabetic patient: Deanne suffers from type 1 diabetes, a condition which needs to be carefully managed with insulin. Deanne is conscientious about following her blood testing and injecting regime, has made adjustments to her lifestyle to accommodate her condition, but still finds the injections painful and inconvenient. She has recently heard from her twin sister who suffers from the same condition, about the use of insulin pumps, which are painless, easy to use, discrete and overall sound far more appropriate for her requirements. However her General Practitioner has advised her that the pumps are not available in her area. Deanne reflects on her bad luck; if only she lived in her sister’s catchment area she would also be able to benefit from an insulin pump. <br /> <br />The prostate cancer patient: Thanos is a 60-year-old man who has just been diagnosed with prostate cancer. He has stage 2 cancer, which is good news in that the cancer has not spread to other sites, however there are indications his cancer may grow swiftly, so a radical prostatectomy is indicated. On the other hand, Thanos suffers from asthma so has an increased risk of complications under general anaesthesia and he is very worried about the relatively small chance of side-effects such as incontinence and erectile dysfunction as he has recently re-married. <br /> <br />What should these two patients do and how should they respond to the situations they find themselves in? Does Deanne have a cause for complaint for the lack of treatment? On what grounds should the decisions about Thanos’ treatment be made? Does Deanne’s perspective differ from Thanos’? To answer these questions and make sense of the different considerations which affect the two cases, we need to consider the differences between luck and risk .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9422016" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c8b4132d9aded5c83da17093dea5ac4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35665992,"asset_id":9422016,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35665992/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3027912" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NafsikaAthanassoulis">Nafsika Athanassoulis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3027912" type="text/json">{"id":3027912,"first_name":"Nafsika","last_name":"Athanassoulis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NafsikaAthanassoulis","display_name":"Nafsika Athanassoulis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NafsikaAthanassoulis?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3027912/995718/139642527/s65_nafsika.athanassoulis.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9422016 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9422016"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9422016, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9422016", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9422016]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9422016").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9422016").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9422016"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9435" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics">Medical Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9435" type="text/json">{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9422016]'), work: {"id":9422016,"title":"Luck and Risk in Medicine","created_at":"2014-11-20T18:23:06.095-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9422016/Luck_and_Risk_in_Medicine?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_9422016","summary":"In this paper we will be considering and contrasting two cases, one involving luck and one involving risk, in order to compare the accounts of responsibility appropriate to each case. \r\n\r\nThe diabetic patient: Deanne suffers from type 1 diabetes, a condition which needs to be carefully managed with insulin. Deanne is conscientious about following her blood testing and injecting regime, has made adjustments to her lifestyle to accommodate her condition, but still finds the injections painful and inconvenient. She has recently heard from her twin sister who suffers from the same condition, about the use of insulin pumps, which are painless, easy to use, discrete and overall sound far more appropriate for her requirements. However her General Practitioner has advised her that the pumps are not available in her area. Deanne reflects on her bad luck; if only she lived in her sister’s catchment area she would also be able to benefit from an insulin pump.\r\n\r\nThe prostate cancer patient: Thanos is a 60-year-old man who has just been diagnosed with prostate cancer. He has stage 2 cancer, which is good news in that the cancer has not spread to other sites, however there are indications his cancer may grow swiftly, so a radical prostatectomy is indicated. On the other hand, Thanos suffers from asthma so has an increased risk of complications under general anaesthesia and he is very worried about the relatively small chance of side-effects such as incontinence and erectile dysfunction as he has recently re-married.\r\n\r\nWhat should these two patients do and how should they respond to the situations they find themselves in? Does Deanne have a cause for complaint for the lack of treatment? On what grounds should the decisions about Thanos’ treatment be made? Does Deanne’s perspective differ from Thanos’? To answer these questions and make sense of the different considerations which affect the two cases, we need to consider the differences between luck and risk .\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35665992,"asset_id":9422016,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3027912,"first_name":"Nafsika","last_name":"Athanassoulis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NafsikaAthanassoulis","display_name":"Nafsika Athanassoulis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NafsikaAthanassoulis?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3027912/995718/139642527/s65_nafsika.athanassoulis.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37451444" data-work_id="37451444" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37451444/Edible_Habits_Updating_Temperance_for_the_Digital_Age">Edible Habits: Updating Temperance for the Digital Age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Alford draws upon Pierre Bourdieu's concept of "habitus" and the Aristotelian idea of hexis to explore temperance as a feminist virtue enacted in social media contexts. Examining the circulation of food bowl posts on Instagram, Alford... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37451444" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Alford draws upon Pierre Bourdieu's concept of "habitus" and the Aristotelian idea of hexis to explore temperance as a feminist virtue enacted in social media contexts. Examining the circulation of food bowl posts on Instagram, Alford maintains that such circulations help those who post them develop the habit of temperance." - "Virtue Ethics: Introduction" by John Duffy, John Gallagher, and Steve Holmes</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37451444" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7746b3e71828fad7a108e0f4951c6166" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57419090,"asset_id":37451444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57419090/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18401732" href="https://vcu.academia.edu/CaddieAlford">Caddie Alford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18401732" type="text/json">{"id":18401732,"first_name":"Caddie","last_name":"Alford","domain_name":"vcu","page_name":"CaddieAlford","display_name":"Caddie Alford","profile_url":"https://vcu.academia.edu/CaddieAlford?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18401732/7013667/61334608/s65_caddie.alford.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37451444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37451444"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37451444, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37451444", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37451444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37451444").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37451444").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37451444"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="953" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="953" type="text/json">{"id":953,"name":"Rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2019" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2019" type="text/json">{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9246" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media">Social Media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9246" type="text/json">{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37451444]'), work: {"id":37451444,"title":"Edible Habits: Updating Temperance for the Digital Age","created_at":"2018-09-20T17:52:12.168-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37451444/Edible_Habits_Updating_Temperance_for_the_Digital_Age?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_37451444","summary":"\"Alford draws upon Pierre Bourdieu's concept of \"habitus\" and the Aristotelian idea of hexis to explore temperance as a feminist virtue enacted in social media contexts. Examining the circulation of food bowl posts on Instagram, Alford maintains that such circulations help those who post them develop the habit of temperance.\" - \"Virtue Ethics: Introduction\" by John Duffy, John Gallagher, and Steve Holmes","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57419090,"asset_id":37451444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18401732,"first_name":"Caddie","last_name":"Alford","domain_name":"vcu","page_name":"CaddieAlford","display_name":"Caddie Alford","profile_url":"https://vcu.academia.edu/CaddieAlford?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18401732/7013667/61334608/s65_caddie.alford.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":953,"name":"Rhetoric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhetoric?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue 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Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Admission_of_Students?f_ri=3468"},{"id":1197942,"name":"Social Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41588822" data-work_id="41588822" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41588822/The_Business_of_Double_Effect_The_Ethics_of_Bankruptcy_Protection_and_the_Principle_of_Double_Effect">The Business of Double-Effect: The Ethics of Bankruptcy Protection and the Principle of Double-Effect</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, most legacy airlines filed for bankruptcy protection as a way to cut costs drastically, with the exception of American Airlines. This article applies the Principle of Double-Effect to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41588822" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, most legacy airlines filed for bankruptcy protection as a way to cut costs drastically, with the exception of American Airlines. This article applies the Principle of Double-Effect to the act of filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection for reasons of management strategy, in particular, cost-cutting. It argues that the Principle can be a useful tool for discerning the ethicality of the action, and demonstrates the usefulness by proposing three double-effect criteria that, when fulfilled, argues for the ethical justifiability the action in question.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41588822" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="194bd45d5056e15e4eaed0af50f6e224" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63789984,"asset_id":41588822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63789984/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1521981" href="https://eden.academia.edu/HenryKuo">Henry S . Kuo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1521981" type="text/json">{"id":1521981,"first_name":"Henry","last_name":"Kuo","domain_name":"eden","page_name":"HenryKuo","display_name":"Henry S . Kuo","profile_url":"https://eden.academia.edu/HenryKuo?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1521981/654902/117090700/s65_henry.kuo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41588822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41588822"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41588822, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41588822", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41588822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41588822; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41588822"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41588822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41588822"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41588822; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41588822]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41588822").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41588822").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41588822"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3182" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theological_Ethics">Theological Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3182" type="text/json">{"id":3182,"name":"Theological Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theological_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41588822]'), work: {"id":41588822,"title":"The Business of Double-Effect: The Ethics of Bankruptcy Protection and the Principle of Double-Effect","created_at":"2020-01-10T20:36:10.773-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41588822/The_Business_of_Double_Effect_The_Ethics_of_Bankruptcy_Protection_and_the_Principle_of_Double_Effect?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_41588822","summary":"After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, most legacy airlines filed for bankruptcy protection as a way to cut costs drastically, with the exception of American Airlines. 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Defining the concept of values in tourism as a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51096401" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Regarding the importance of human behaviour in tourism, this paper will be analyzing and evaluating human actions, using the examples of behaviourism in tourism, in the context of ethics. Defining the concept of values in tourism as a concept of desirable with a motivating force, we diferentiate four hierarchical quantities or levels, regarding ground of value. The aim is to analyze all of the levels, but with a stronger emphasis on ethical tradition of teleological ethics within hedonism arises and which later becomes the basis for utilitarism. Hedonism in general is a very good basis for exploring human behaviour in tourism and given that some authors have perceived it as a sin rather than a virtue of tourism. That is why is necessary to investigate the emergence of new moral authorities in tourism and potentially reconstruct it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51096401" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4fe872dddc216728f424a70cc2f6598" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68946633,"asset_id":51096401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68946633/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5803249" href="https://unizd.academia.edu/MajaFerenec">Maja Ferenec Kuća</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5803249" type="text/json">{"id":5803249,"first_name":"Maja","last_name":"Ferenec Kuća","domain_name":"unizd","page_name":"MajaFerenec","display_name":"Maja Ferenec Kuća","profile_url":"https://unizd.academia.edu/MajaFerenec?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5803249/2496483/16274319/s65_maja.ferenec.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51096401 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51096401"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51096401, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51096401", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51096401]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51096401").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51096401").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51096401"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Culture">Philosophy of Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14167" type="text/json">{"id":14167,"name":"Philosophy of Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Culture?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43883" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism">Tourism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43883" type="text/json">{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="157218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hedonism">Hedonism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="157218" type="text/json">{"id":157218,"name":"Hedonism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hedonism?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51096401]'), work: {"id":51096401,"title":"Hedonism and its negative impact on tourism","created_at":"2021-08-30T05:27:50.259-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51096401/Hedonism_and_its_negative_impact_on_tourism?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_51096401","summary":"Regarding the importance of human behaviour in tourism, this paper will be analyzing and evaluating human actions, using the examples of behaviourism in tourism, in the context of ethics. Defining the concept of values in tourism as a concept of desirable with a motivating force, we diferentiate four hierarchical quantities or levels, regarding ground of value. The aim is to analyze all of the levels, but with a stronger emphasis on ethical tradition of teleological ethics within hedonism arises and which later becomes the basis for utilitarism. Hedonism in general is a very good basis for exploring human behaviour in tourism and given that some authors have perceived it as a sin rather than a virtue of tourism. That is why is necessary to investigate the emergence of new moral authorities in tourism and potentially reconstruct it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68946633,"asset_id":51096401,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5803249,"first_name":"Maja","last_name":"Ferenec Kuća","domain_name":"unizd","page_name":"MajaFerenec","display_name":"Maja Ferenec Kuća","profile_url":"https://unizd.academia.edu/MajaFerenec?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5803249/2496483/16274319/s65_maja.ferenec.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":14167,"name":"Philosophy of Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Culture?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":43883,"name":"Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":157218,"name":"Hedonism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hedonism?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":1408185,"name":"Philosophy of Tourism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Tourism?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2158547" data-work_id="2158547" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2158547/Geoengineering_and_Moral_Schizophrenia_Whats_the_Question">Geoengineering and Moral Schizophrenia: What's the Question?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2158547" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="03d2d62a1f2037f56a3841bd619e93a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30213557,"asset_id":2158547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30213557/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="76154" href="https://washington.academia.edu/StephenGardiner">Stephen Gardiner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="76154" type="text/json">{"id":76154,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Gardiner","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"StephenGardiner","display_name":"Stephen Gardiner","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/StephenGardiner?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/76154/859486/2964224/s65_stephen.gardiner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2158547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2158547"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2158547, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2158547", }); 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A Thomistic Perspective on Risk Science in Social Welfare</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79496499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e744ff2d3f71dff341716da9d6c6b35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86191917,"asset_id":79496499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86191917/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32100455" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrianTaylor26">Brian Taylor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32100455" type="text/json">{"id":32100455,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Taylor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrianTaylor26","display_name":"Brian Taylor","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrianTaylor26?f_ri=3468","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79496499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79496499"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79496499, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79496499", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79496499]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79496499").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79496499").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79496499"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="940" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work">Social Work</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="940" type="text/json">{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences">Social Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1237" type="text/json">{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2727" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welfare_State">Welfare State</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2727" type="text/json">{"id":2727,"name":"Welfare State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welfare_State?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79496499]'), work: {"id":79496499,"title":"Is It Harmful? A Thomistic Perspective on Risk Science in Social Welfare","created_at":"2022-05-20T00:46:15.810-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79496499/Is_It_Harmful_A_Thomistic_Perspective_on_Risk_Science_in_Social_Welfare?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_79496499","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86191917,"asset_id":79496499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32100455,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Taylor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrianTaylor26","display_name":"Brian Taylor","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrianTaylor26?f_ri=3468","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":2727,"name":"Welfare State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Welfare_State?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=3468"},{"id":53343,"name":"Social Welfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Welfare?f_ri=3468"},{"id":120226,"name":"Prudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prudence?f_ri=3468"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=3468"},{"id":806643,"name":"Religion Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_Health?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41120288" data-work_id="41120288" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41120288/The_Unity_of_Autobiographical_Temporality_of_the_Narrative_Self_in_Contemporary_Psychology_and_Neuroscience_A_Philosophical_Study">The Unity of Autobiographical Temporality of the Narrative Self in Contemporary Psychology and Neuroscience: A Philosophical Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The short title of this work: Autobiography, Time, and Narrative in Philosophy and Psychology, expresses the principal topics discussed. The temporal dispersion of an individual's actions throughout life, makes their unification and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41120288" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The short title of this work: Autobiography, Time, and Narrative in Philosophy and Psychology, expresses the principal topics discussed. The temporal dispersion of an individual's actions throughout life, makes their unification and stability in purpose challenging, as such temporal separation of human actions makes it difficult to view the effects and significance of particular acts, and their long-term impact. Fortunately, narrative self-understanding and autobiographical thinking in orienting the whole human life, resolves the challenge posed by temporal dispersion. In this work, Ogunyemi explores the relationship between the anthropological theories of the dynamics of temporality with narrative self-understanding that are developed from an Aristotelian and Thomistic philosophy, and recent theories in psychology and neurosciences, through her reading and interpretation of contemporary authors. She presents scientific observations related to habit formation and self-improvements that are congruent with philosophy. MacIntyre as well as other philosophers often analyzed the validity of psychology's methods and frameworks and Ogunyemi contributes to this dialogue by pointing out similarities between autobiographical temporality seen in disparate fields. She explores concepts of narrative philosophy from the first-person perspective, and makes a synthesis of elements of autobiographical temporality which could form an anthro-pological framework for observations made from research in different subspecialties of contemporary psychology and neurosciences. Her interdisciplinary approach highlights prospects of mutual enrichment between different fields. The need for interdisciplinary studies, such as this one, is ever increasing and urgent since the development of particular sciences, that promote human flourishing today, requires a deeper understanding of the human being in his totality. Omowumi Ogunyemi obtained her first degree in medicine and surgery. She has worked as a medical practitioner in various hospitals in Nigeria including The Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Lagos, where she managed patients with substance induced disorders. She holds a licentiate degree and a doctorate in philosophy from the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross, Rome.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41120288" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7697f6386cae41caaf0dc93639f52d26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61374423,"asset_id":41120288,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61374423/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3096299" href="https://pau-edu-ng.academia.edu/OmowumiOgunyemi">Omowumi Ogunyemi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3096299" type="text/json">{"id":3096299,"first_name":"Omowumi","last_name":"Ogunyemi","domain_name":"pau-edu-ng","page_name":"OmowumiOgunyemi","display_name":"Omowumi Ogunyemi","profile_url":"https://pau-edu-ng.academia.edu/OmowumiOgunyemi?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3096299/2087699/2455525/s65_omowumi.ogunyemi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41120288 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41120288"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41120288, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41120288", }); 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The temporal dispersion of an individual's actions throughout life, makes their unification and stability in purpose challenging, as such temporal separation of human actions makes it difficult to view the effects and significance of particular acts, and their long-term impact. Fortunately, narrative self-understanding and autobiographical thinking in orienting the whole human life, resolves the challenge posed by temporal dispersion. In this work, Ogunyemi explores the relationship between the anthropological theories of the dynamics of temporality with narrative self-understanding that are developed from an Aristotelian and Thomistic philosophy, and recent theories in psychology and neurosciences, through her reading and interpretation of contemporary authors. She presents scientific observations related to habit formation and self-improvements that are congruent with philosophy. MacIntyre as well as other philosophers often analyzed the validity of psychology's methods and frameworks and Ogunyemi contributes to this dialogue by pointing out similarities between autobiographical temporality seen in disparate fields. She explores concepts of narrative philosophy from the first-person perspective, and makes a synthesis of elements of autobiographical temporality which could form an anthro-pological framework for observations made from research in different subspecialties of contemporary psychology and neurosciences. Her interdisciplinary approach highlights prospects of mutual enrichment between different fields. The need for interdisciplinary studies, such as this one, is ever increasing and urgent since the development of particular sciences, that promote human flourishing today, requires a deeper understanding of the human being in his totality. Omowumi Ogunyemi obtained her first degree in medicine and surgery. She has worked as a medical practitioner in various hospitals in Nigeria including The Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Lagos, where she managed patients with substance induced disorders. 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It first outlines the details and results from 4 paradigmatic studies in psychology that situationists have heavily drawn upon... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4957605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article provides a critical analysis of the situationist challenge against Aristotelian moral psychology. It first outlines the details and results from 4 paradigmatic studies in psychology that situationists have heavily drawn upon in their critique of the Aristotelian conception of virtuous characteristics, including studies conducted by Hartshorne and May (1928), Darley and Batson (1973), Isen and Levin (1972), and Milgram (1963). It then presents 10 problems with the way situationists have used these studies to challenge Aristotelian moral psychology. After challenging the situationists on these grounds, the article then proceeds to challenge the situationist presentation of the Aristotelian conception, showing that situationists have provided an oversimplified caricature of it that goes against the grain of much Aristotelian text. In evaluating the situationist challenge against the actual results from empirical research as well as primary Aristotelian text, it will be shown that the situationist debate has advanced both an extreme, untenable view about the nature of characteristics and situations, as well as an inaccurate presentation of the Aristotelian view. <br /> <br /><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-013-9249-8" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-013-9249-8</a> <br /><a href="https://doctorcroom.com/croom-2014a" rel="nofollow">https://doctorcroom.com/croom-2014a</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4957605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c096ae7ead48d8dd6ea832e827d18cf4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33477781,"asset_id":4957605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33477781/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="145416" href="https://case.academia.edu/AdamCroom">Adam M Croom</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="145416" type="text/json">{"id":145416,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Croom","domain_name":"case","page_name":"AdamCroom","display_name":"Adam M Croom","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/AdamCroom?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/145416/38521/146815278/s65_adam.croom.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4957605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4957605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4957605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4957605", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4957605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4957605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4957605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4957605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology">Cognitive Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236" type="text/json">{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="242" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Psychology">Personality Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="242" type="text/json">{"id":242,"name":"Personality Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="248" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology">Social Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="248" type="text/json">{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4957605]'), work: {"id":4957605,"title":"Vindicating virtue: A critical analysis of the situationist challenge against Aristotelian moral psychology","created_at":"2013-11-01T04:16:37.779-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4957605/Vindicating_virtue_A_critical_analysis_of_the_situationist_challenge_against_Aristotelian_moral_psychology?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_4957605","summary":"This article provides a critical analysis of the situationist challenge against Aristotelian moral psychology. It first outlines the details and results from 4 paradigmatic studies in psychology that situationists have heavily drawn upon in their critique of the Aristotelian conception of virtuous characteristics, including studies conducted by Hartshorne and May (1928), Darley and Batson (1973), Isen and Levin (1972), and Milgram (1963). It then presents 10 problems with the way situationists have used these studies to challenge Aristotelian moral psychology. After challenging the situationists on these grounds, the article then proceeds to challenge the situationist presentation of the Aristotelian conception, showing that situationists have provided an oversimplified caricature of it that goes against the grain of much Aristotelian text. In evaluating the situationist challenge against the actual results from empirical research as well as primary Aristotelian text, it will be shown that the situationist debate has advanced both an extreme, untenable view about the nature of characteristics and situations, as well as an inaccurate presentation of the Aristotelian view.\r\n\r\nhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-013-9249-8\r\nhttps://doctorcroom.com/croom-2014a","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33477781,"asset_id":4957605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":145416,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Croom","domain_name":"case","page_name":"AdamCroom","display_name":"Adam M Croom","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/AdamCroom?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/145416/38521/146815278/s65_adam.croom.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":242,"name":"Personality Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=3468"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=3468"},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=3468"},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=3468"},{"id":904,"name":"Normative Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normative_Ethics?f_ri=3468"},{"id":907,"name":"Moral Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Psychology?f_ri=3468"},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=3468"},{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=3468"},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468"},{"id":6545,"name":"Virtues (Moral Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtues_Moral_Psychology_?f_ri=3468"},{"id":9457,"name":"Morality (Social Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morality_Social_Psychology_?f_ri=3468"},{"id":12702,"name":"Situationism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Situationism?f_ri=3468"},{"id":15236,"name":"Virtue Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Epistemology?f_ri=3468"},{"id":18375,"name":"Virtues and Vices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtues_and_Vices?f_ri=3468"},{"id":18985,"name":"Courage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Courage?f_ri=3468"},{"id":22143,"name":"Aristotelianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotelianism?f_ri=3468"},{"id":25820,"name":"Nicomachean Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicomachean_Ethics?f_ri=3468"},{"id":28383,"name":"Aristotle's Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotles_Ethics?f_ri=3468"},{"id":44431,"name":"Perceptual Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perceptual_Learning?f_ri=3468"},{"id":58545,"name":"Ancient Greek Philosophy / Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Philosophy_Aristotle?f_ri=3468"},{"id":75313,"name":"Habits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habits?f_ri=3468"},{"id":82123,"name":"Virtue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue?f_ri=3468"},{"id":121192,"name":"Agent-Based Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent-Based_Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468"},{"id":428785,"name":"Situational Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Situational_Analysis?f_ri=3468"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1146737" data-work_id="1146737" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1146737/Problematizing_Human_Security_A_General_Contextual_Conceptual_Approach">Problematizing Human Security: A General/Contextual Conceptual Approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article attempts a comprehensive review of the human security concept in order to question its utility for both research and policy-making. It notes the term’s interdisciplinary and extensively normative content that have facilitated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1146737" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article attempts a comprehensive review of the human security concept in order to question its utility for both research and policy-making. It notes the term’s interdisciplinary and extensively normative content that have facilitated its evolution into a successful security discourse. On the other hand, human security’s wide appeal has as a side-effect an extended conceptual polysemy inhibiting the cumulation of knowledge and the development of a relevant theory. Absence of conceptual clarity has also complicated its policy implementation. The article attempts to break the deadlock and move the debate forward by using the work of John Gerring and Paul A. Barresi on concept formation as an organizing device.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1146737" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="234081" href="https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis">Nikolaos Tzifakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="234081" type="text/json">{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1146737 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1146737"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1146737, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1146737", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1146737]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1146737").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1146737").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1146737"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">134</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="268" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics">Political Geography and Geopolitics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="268" type="text/json">{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Geography_and_Geopolitics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1146737]'), work: {"id":1146737,"title":"Problematizing Human Security: A General/Contextual Conceptual Approach","created_at":"2011-12-10T00:13:54.687-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1146737/Problematizing_Human_Security_A_General_Contextual_Conceptual_Approach?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_1146737","summary":"The article attempts a comprehensive review of the human security concept in order to question its utility for both research and policy-making. It notes the term’s interdisciplinary and extensively normative content that have facilitated its evolution into a successful security discourse. On the other hand, human security’s wide appeal has as a side-effect an extended conceptual polysemy inhibiting the cumulation of knowledge and the development of a relevant theory. Absence of conceptual clarity has also complicated its policy implementation. The article attempts to break the deadlock and move the debate forward by using the work of John Gerring and Paul A. Barresi on concept formation as an organizing device.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":234081,"first_name":"Nikolaos","last_name":"Tzifakis","domain_name":"uop-gr","page_name":"NikolaosTzifakis","display_name":"Nikolaos Tzifakis","profile_url":"https://uop-gr.academia.edu/NikolaosTzifakis?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/234081/158425/45729300/s65_nikolaos.tzifakis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":268,"name":"Political Geography and 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41076212" data-work_id="41076212" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41076212/The_Ethical_Function_of_Architecture_on_Education">The Ethical Function of Architecture on Education</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, I will discuss how the book 'The Ethical Function of Architecture' contributed to my quest for a way out of the aporia of teaching ethics in the design studio. In doing this, I shall put the book in the context of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41076212" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, I will discuss how the book 'The Ethical Function of Architecture' contributed to my quest for a way out of the aporia of teaching ethics in the design studio. In doing this, I shall put the book in the context of the existing literature of the field, at the time that it was written. I shall point out the explicit and implicit references that the book makes in relation to architectural education. Finally, I will suggest that architectural education is an initiation in a practice, a fact that can mediate ethics between the individual and the community.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41076212" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5938ad4161d9f0af7f8663534f69aa8d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61342352,"asset_id":41076212,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61342352/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="472858" href="https://ntua.academia.edu/LeonidasKoutsoumpos">Leonidas Koutsoumpos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="472858" type="text/json">{"id":472858,"first_name":"Leonidas","last_name":"Koutsoumpos","domain_name":"ntua","page_name":"LeonidasKoutsoumpos","display_name":"Leonidas Koutsoumpos","profile_url":"https://ntua.academia.edu/LeonidasKoutsoumpos?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/472858/158194/73969097/s65_leonidas.koutsoumpos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41076212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41076212"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41076212, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41076212", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41076212]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41076212").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41076212").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41076212"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6800" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Education">Architectural Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6800" type="text/json">{"id":6800,"name":"Architectural Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Education?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="616685" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_in_Architecture">Ethics in Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="616685" type="text/json">{"id":616685,"name":"Ethics in Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_in_Architecture?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2530958" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_and_Architecture">Ethics and Architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2530958" type="text/json">{"id":2530958,"name":"Ethics and Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_and_Architecture?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41076212]'), work: {"id":41076212,"title":"The Ethical Function of Architecture on Education","created_at":"2019-11-26T06:24:32.239-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41076212/The_Ethical_Function_of_Architecture_on_Education?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_41076212","summary":"In this paper, I will discuss how the book 'The Ethical Function of Architecture' contributed to my quest for a way out of the aporia of teaching ethics in the design studio. In doing this, I shall put the book in the context of the existing literature of the field, at the time that it was written. I shall point out the explicit and implicit references that the book makes in relation to architectural education. 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The crisis of trust, however, seems... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40640687" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Western societies are experiencing a crisis of trust: we no longer enjoy high levels of confidence in social institutions and are increasingly skeptical of those holding positions of authority. The crisis of trust, however, seems paradoxical: at the same time we report greater feelings of mistrust or an erosion of trust in institutions and technologies we increasingly entrust our wellbeing and security to these very same technologies and institutions. Analyzing trust not only will help resolve the paradox but suggests that the crisis entails normative expectations linked to collective identity, and as such, trust can be understood as a public virtue.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40640687" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="112a4a1048402aa9924586756261241a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60921908,"asset_id":40640687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60921908/download_file?st=MTczMjc0NjQ0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99286077" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WarrenvonEschenbach">Warren von Eschenbach</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99286077" type="text/json">{"id":99286077,"first_name":"Warren","last_name":"von Eschenbach","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WarrenvonEschenbach","display_name":"Warren von Eschenbach","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WarrenvonEschenbach?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99286077/21745472/21057726/s65_warren.von_eschenbach.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40640687 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40640687"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40640687, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40640687", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40640687]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40640687").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40640687").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40640687"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2459" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy">Social Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2459" type="text/json">{"id":2459,"name":"Social Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3468" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40640687]'), work: {"id":40640687,"title":"Trust as a Public Virtue","created_at":"2019-10-16T09:53:40.733-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40640687/Trust_as_a_Public_Virtue?f_ri=3468","dom_id":"work_40640687","summary":"Western societies are experiencing a crisis of trust: we no longer enjoy high levels of confidence in social institutions and are increasingly skeptical of those holding positions of authority. The crisis of trust, however, seems paradoxical: at the same time we report greater feelings of mistrust or an erosion of trust in institutions and technologies we increasingly entrust our wellbeing and security to these very same technologies and institutions. Analyzing trust not only will help resolve the paradox but suggests that the crisis entails normative expectations linked to collective identity, and as such, trust can be understood as a public virtue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60921908,"asset_id":40640687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":99286077,"first_name":"Warren","last_name":"von Eschenbach","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WarrenvonEschenbach","display_name":"Warren von Eschenbach","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WarrenvonEschenbach?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99286077/21745472/21057726/s65_warren.von_eschenbach.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2459,"name":"Social Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16083608" data-work_id="16083608" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16083608/Disposable_Thinking">Disposable Thinking</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Ethics and PI; PI as exemplifying the virtue of 'disposability' or 'availability'</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16083608" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1909506" href="https://auburn.academia.edu/KellyJolley">Kelly Jolley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1909506" type="text/json">{"id":1909506,"first_name":"Kelly","last_name":"Jolley","domain_name":"auburn","page_name":"KellyJolley","display_name":"Kelly Jolley","profile_url":"https://auburn.academia.edu/KellyJolley?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1909506/10489342/11703949/s65_kelly.jolley.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16083608 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16083608"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16083608, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16083608", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16083608 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics">Virtue Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3468" type="text/json">{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marcel_Gabriel">Marcel, Gabriel</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6277" type="text/json">{"id":6277,"name":"Marcel, Gabriel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marcel_Gabriel?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14023" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14023" type="text/json">{"id":14023,"name":"Wittgenstein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wittgenstein?f_ri=3468","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new 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Rather, acts are made right because they are done by a virtuous agent; or because they proceed from a virtuous motive; or because of some similar fact. ... (Q1) An act is right iff it is what a virtuous agent would do in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79502831" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">... Rather, acts are made right because they are done by a virtuous agent; or because they proceed from a virtuous motive; or because of some similar fact. ... (Q1) An act is right iff it is what a virtuous agent would do in the circumstances [1997: 228]. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79502831" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2378" href="https://victoria.academia.edu/RamonDas">Ramon Das</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2378" type="text/json">{"id":2378,"first_name":"Ramon","last_name":"Das","domain_name":"victoria","page_name":"RamonDas","display_name":"Ramon Das","profile_url":"https://victoria.academia.edu/RamonDas?f_ri=3468","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2378/7857671/8960975/s65_ramon.das.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79502831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79502831"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79502831, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79502831", }); 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