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Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12495481" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Is the societal-level of analysis sufficient today to understand the values of those in the global workforce? Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12495481" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9317e320722f9f51f137eb2b6803b24b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46142652,"asset_id":12495481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46142652/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31352199" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AjanthaDharmasiri">Ajantha Dharmasiri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31352199" type="text/json">{"id":31352199,"first_name":"Ajantha","last_name":"Dharmasiri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AjanthaDharmasiri","display_name":"Ajantha Dharmasiri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AjanthaDharmasiri?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31352199/9239520/10300955/s65_ajantha.dharmasiri.jpg_oh_93cc97174e5e4c3c7650b254dda1df30_oe_55fb6fc0___gda___1438825744_22dd7fec0818b680247b689988bb5111"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12495481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12495481"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12495481, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12495481", }); 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Or are individual-level analyses more appropriate for assessing the influence of values on ethical behaviors across country workforces? Using multi-level analyses for a 48-society sample, we test the utility of both the societal-level and individual-level dimensions of collectivism and individualism values for predicting ethical behaviors of business professionals. Our values-based behavioral analysis indicates that values at the individual-level make a more significant contribution to explaining variance in ethical behaviors than do values at the societal-level.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46142652,"asset_id":12495481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31352199,"first_name":"Ajantha","last_name":"Dharmasiri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AjanthaDharmasiri","display_name":"Ajantha Dharmasiri","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AjanthaDharmasiri?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31352199/9239520/10300955/s65_ajantha.dharmasiri.jpg_oh_93cc97174e5e4c3c7650b254dda1df30_oe_55fb6fc0___gda___1438825744_22dd7fec0818b680247b689988bb5111"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business 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cultural studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_cultural_studies?f_ri=906"},{"id":199717,"name":"Ethical Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Behaviour?f_ri=906"},{"id":353022,"name":"Schwartz Value System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schwartz_Value_System?f_ri=906"},{"id":357372,"name":"SVS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SVS?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76052757" data-work_id="76052757" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76052757/Sex_Selection_Not_Obviously_Wrong">Sex Selection: Not Obviously Wrong</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76052757"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44945" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Discrimination">Gender Discrimination</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44945" type="text/json">{"id":44945,"name":"Gender Discrimination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Discrimination?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62550" type="text/json">{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76052757]'), work: {"id":76052757,"title":"Sex Selection: Not Obviously Wrong","created_at":"2022-04-10T19:47:30.431-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76052757/Sex_Selection_Not_Obviously_Wrong?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_76052757","summary":"Although sex selection calls for careful thought, it seems in many cases to be neither intrinsically objectionable nor likely to have bad consequences.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83931680,"asset_id":76052757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":333375,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Steinbock","domain_name":"albany","page_name":"BonnieSteinbock","display_name":"Bonnie Steinbock","profile_url":"https://albany.academia.edu/BonnieSteinbock?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/333375/138733/141352840/s65_bonnie.steinbock.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":44945,"name":"Gender Discrimination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Discrimination?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":103993,"name":"Assisted Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assisted_Reproduction?f_ri=906"},{"id":990785,"name":"Gender Stereotyping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Stereotyping?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76052760" data-work_id="76052760" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76052760/Advance_directives_dementia_and_physician_assisted_death">Advance directives, dementia, and physician-assisted death</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Physician-assisted suicide laws in Oregon and Washington require the person to have current competency and a prognosis of terminal illness. In The Netherlands voluntariness and unbearable suffering are required for euthanasia. Many people... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76052760" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Physician-assisted suicide laws in Oregon and Washington require the person to have current competency and a prognosis of terminal illness. In The Netherlands voluntariness and unbearable suffering are required for euthanasia. Many people are more concerned about the loss of autonomy and independence in years of severe dementia than about pain and suffering in their last months. To address this concern, people could write advance directives for physician-assisted death in dementia. Should such directives be implemented even though, at the time, the person is no longer competent and would not be either terminally ill or suffering unbearably? We argue that in many cases they should be.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76052760" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e5a97f0e680fb7ace6ef45d1e7f7393" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83932445,"asset_id":76052760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83932445/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="333375" href="https://albany.academia.edu/BonnieSteinbock">Bonnie Steinbock</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="333375" type="text/json">{"id":333375,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Steinbock","domain_name":"albany","page_name":"BonnieSteinbock","display_name":"Bonnie Steinbock","profile_url":"https://albany.academia.edu/BonnieSteinbock?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/333375/138733/141352840/s65_bonnie.steinbock.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76052760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76052760"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76052760, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76052760", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76052760]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76052760").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76052760").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76052760"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3662" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia">Dementia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3662" type="text/json">{"id":3662,"name":"Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13513" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13513" type="text/json">{"id":13513,"name":"Euthanasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Euthanasia?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76052760]'), work: {"id":76052760,"title":"Advance directives, dementia, and physician-assisted death","created_at":"2022-04-10T19:47:30.792-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76052760/Advance_directives_dementia_and_physician_assisted_death?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_76052760","summary":"Physician-assisted suicide laws in Oregon and Washington require the person to have current competency and a prognosis of terminal illness. In The Netherlands voluntariness and unbearable suffering are required for euthanasia. Many people are more concerned about the loss of autonomy and independence in years of severe dementia than about pain and suffering in their last months. To address this concern, people could write advance directives for physician-assisted death in dementia. Should such directives be implemented even though, at the time, the person is no longer competent and would not be either terminally ill or suffering unbearably? We argue that in many cases they should be.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83932445,"asset_id":76052760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":333375,"first_name":"Bonnie","last_name":"Steinbock","domain_name":"albany","page_name":"BonnieSteinbock","display_name":"Bonnie Steinbock","profile_url":"https://albany.academia.edu/BonnieSteinbock?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/333375/138733/141352840/s65_bonnie.steinbock.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":3662,"name":"Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dementia?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":13513,"name":"Euthanasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Euthanasia?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":445306,"name":"Advance Directives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advance_Directives?f_ri=906"},{"id":1268304,"name":"Value of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_of_Life?f_ri=906"},{"id":1798559,"name":"Mental Competency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Competency?f_ri=906"},{"id":1821487,"name":"Personal autonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_autonomy?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32309754" data-work_id="32309754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32309754/Ethical_Climate_Social_Responsibility_and_Earnings_Management">Ethical Climate, Social Responsibility, and Earnings Management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study proposes and tests a model of the relations among corporate accountants' perceptions of the ethical climate in their organization, the perceived importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility, and earnings management... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32309754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study proposes and tests a model of the relations among corporate accountants' perceptions of the ethical climate in their organization, the perceived importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility, and earnings management decisions. Based on a field survey of professional accountants employed by private industry in Hong Kong, we found that perceptions of the organizational ethical climate were significantly associated with belief in the importance of corporate ethics and responsibility. Belief in the importance of ethics and social responsibility was also significantly associated with accountants' ethical judgments and behavioral intentions regarding accounting and operating earnings manipulation. These findings suggest that perceptions of ethical climate, usually presumed to reflect the ''tone at the top'' in the organization, lead accounting professionals to rationalize earnings management decisions by adjusting their attitudes toward the importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility. This is the first study to document a relationship between organizational ethical climate and professional accountants' support for corporate ethics and social responsibility, and also the first study to document that industry accountants' views toward corporate ethics and social responsibility are associated with their willingness to manipulate earnings. The findings have important implications, suggesting that organizational efforts to enhance the ethical climate and emphasize the importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility could reduce the prevalence of earnings manipulation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32309754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="930e7805342dd699eb505efa8877a341" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52522871,"asset_id":32309754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52522871/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42058425" href="https://ln.academia.edu/WilliamShafer">William Shafer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42058425" type="text/json">{"id":42058425,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Shafer","domain_name":"ln","page_name":"WilliamShafer","display_name":"William Shafer","profile_url":"https://ln.academia.edu/WilliamShafer?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32309754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32309754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32309754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32309754", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32309754]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32309754").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32309754").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32309754"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32309754]'), work: {"id":32309754,"title":"Ethical Climate, Social Responsibility, and Earnings Management","created_at":"2017-04-06T21:50:45.033-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32309754/Ethical_Climate_Social_Responsibility_and_Earnings_Management?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_32309754","summary":"This study proposes and tests a model of the relations among corporate accountants' perceptions of the ethical climate in their organization, the perceived importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility, and earnings management decisions. Based on a field survey of professional accountants employed by private industry in Hong Kong, we found that perceptions of the organizational ethical climate were significantly associated with belief in the importance of corporate ethics and responsibility. Belief in the importance of ethics and social responsibility was also significantly associated with accountants' ethical judgments and behavioral intentions regarding accounting and operating earnings manipulation. These findings suggest that perceptions of ethical climate, usually presumed to reflect the ''tone at the top'' in the organization, lead accounting professionals to rationalize earnings management decisions by adjusting their attitudes toward the importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility. This is the first study to document a relationship between organizational ethical climate and professional accountants' support for corporate ethics and social responsibility, and also the first study to document that industry accountants' views toward corporate ethics and social responsibility are associated with their willingness to manipulate earnings. The findings have important implications, suggesting that organizational efforts to enhance the ethical climate and emphasize the importance of corporate ethics and social responsibility could reduce the prevalence of earnings manipulation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52522871,"asset_id":32309754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42058425,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Shafer","domain_name":"ln","page_name":"WilliamShafer","display_name":"William Shafer","profile_url":"https://ln.academia.edu/WilliamShafer?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_534372" data-work_id="534372" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/534372/Nina_L_Etkin_Edible_Medicines_An_Ethnopharmacology_of_Food_The_University_of_Arizona_Press_Tucson_Arizona_2006_301_pp_ISBN_13_978_0_8165_2093_0_and_">Nina L. Etkin: Edible Medicines: An Ethnopharmacology of Food: The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, 2006, 301 pp., ISBN-13: 978-0-8165-2093-0 and …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/534372" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a0481dea78f33afa697bd78e77aa1471" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":2651352,"asset_id":534372,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2651352/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="405433" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GinaKellyThornburg">Gina K Thornburg, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="405433" type="text/json">{"id":405433,"first_name":"Gina","last_name":"Thornburg, PhD","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GinaKellyThornburg","display_name":"Gina K Thornburg, PhD","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GinaKellyThornburg?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/405433/99728/3471167/s65_gina_k..thornburg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_534372 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="534372"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 534372, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_534372", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=534372]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_534372").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_534372").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="534372"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="772" type="text/json">{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=534372]'), work: {"id":534372,"title":"Nina L. Etkin: Edible Medicines: An Ethnopharmacology of Food: The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona, 2006, 301 pp., ISBN-13: 978-0-8165-2093-0 and …","created_at":"2011-04-17T15:54:18.904-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/534372/Nina_L_Etkin_Edible_Medicines_An_Ethnopharmacology_of_Food_The_University_of_Arizona_Press_Tucson_Arizona_2006_301_pp_ISBN_13_978_0_8165_2093_0_and_?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_534372","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":2651352,"asset_id":534372,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":405433,"first_name":"Gina","last_name":"Thornburg, PhD","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GinaKellyThornburg","display_name":"Gina K Thornburg, PhD","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GinaKellyThornburg?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/405433/99728/3471167/s65_gina_k..thornburg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=906"},{"id":38251,"name":"Political Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economics?f_ri=906"},{"id":143416,"name":"Complementary Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Medicine?f_ri=906"},{"id":1243493,"name":"Food Choice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Choice?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_993523" data-work_id="993523" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/993523/Does_Memory_Modification_Threaten_Our_Authenticity">Does Memory Modification Threaten Our Authenticity?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A discussion of the question whether memory modification technologies threaten the authenticity of our lives. Distinguishing between memory enhancement and memory editing, the paper highlights the potential benefits of the former type of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_993523" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A discussion of the question whether memory modification technologies threaten the authenticity of our lives. Distinguishing between memory enhancement and memory editing, the paper highlights the potential benefits of the former type of memory modification, including when it comes to promoting an "authentic" life based on a truthful remembrance of the past; as well as the therapeutic benefits of memory editing for people struggling with conditions like Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. <br /> <br />That being said, the paper also argues that memory editing can raise legitimate concerns about authenticity in two main ways: first, by threatening the truthfulness of someone's life, and secondly, by interfering with his/her disposition to respond in certain ways to some past events, when it is reasonable to respond in such ways. These considerations will carry particular weight in cases of non-therapeutic use, when they are less likely to be outweighed by the need to avoid severe psychological suffering. <br /> <br />Since the paper was published I have changed my mind on some issues (e.g. I no longer find the discussion of the nature of our affective reasons fully convincing), although I still think that the basic intuitions behind it are on the right track.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/993523" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f78d92d918bf4987180da8fd3f61d0c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6084446,"asset_id":993523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6084446/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2167" href="https://nycu.academia.edu/AlexandreErler">Alexandre Erler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2167" type="text/json">{"id":2167,"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"Erler","domain_name":"nycu","page_name":"AlexandreErler","display_name":"Alexandre Erler","profile_url":"https://nycu.academia.edu/AlexandreErler?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2167/1028/56036517/s65_alexandre.erler.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_993523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="993523"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 993523, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_993523", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=993523]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_993523").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_993523").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="993523"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Memory">Human Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3303" type="text/json">{"id":3303,"name":"Human Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Memory?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9240" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroethics">Neuroethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9240" type="text/json">{"id":9240,"name":"Neuroethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enhancement">Enhancement</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11860" type="text/json">{"id":11860,"name":"Enhancement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enhancement?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=993523]'), work: {"id":993523,"title":"Does Memory Modification Threaten Our Authenticity?","created_at":"2011-10-09T20:03:40.757-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/993523/Does_Memory_Modification_Threaten_Our_Authenticity?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_993523","summary":"A discussion of the question whether memory modification technologies threaten the authenticity of our lives. Distinguishing between memory enhancement and memory editing, the paper highlights the potential benefits of the former type of memory modification, including when it comes to promoting an \"authentic\" life based on a truthful remembrance of the past; as well as the therapeutic benefits of memory editing for people struggling with conditions like Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.\r\n\r\nThat being said, the paper also argues that memory editing can raise legitimate concerns about authenticity in two main ways: first, by threatening the truthfulness of someone's life, and secondly, by interfering with his/her disposition to respond in certain ways to some past events, when it is reasonable to respond in such ways. These considerations will carry particular weight in cases of non-therapeutic use, when they are less likely to be outweighed by the need to avoid severe psychological suffering.\r\n\r\nSince the paper was published I have changed my mind on some issues (e.g. I no longer find the discussion of the nature of our affective reasons fully convincing), although I still think that the basic intuitions behind it are on the right track.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6084446,"asset_id":993523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2167,"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"Erler","domain_name":"nycu","page_name":"AlexandreErler","display_name":"Alexandre Erler","profile_url":"https://nycu.academia.edu/AlexandreErler?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2167/1028/56036517/s65_alexandre.erler.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":3303,"name":"Human Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Memory?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":9240,"name":"Neuroethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":11860,"name":"Enhancement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enhancement?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":21809,"name":"Human Enhancement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Enhancement?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36803261" data-work_id="36803261" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36803261/Principles_of_Green_Bioethics_Sustainability_in_Health_Care_East_Lansing_Michigan_State_University_Press_2019_">Principles of Green Bioethics: Sustainability in Health Care (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2019).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Health care is ubiquitous in the lives of industrialized people. Yet, every medical development, technique, and procedure impact the environment. Green Bioethics synthesizes environmental ethics and biomedical ethics, thus creating an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36803261" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Health care is ubiquitous in the lives of industrialized people. Yet, every medical development, technique, and procedure impact the environment. Green Bioethics synthesizes environmental ethics and biomedical ethics, thus creating an interdisciplinary approach to sustainable health care. Notably, Green Bioethics addresses, not the structure of environmental sustainability in health care institutions, but the sustainability of individual health care offerings. <br /><br />Green Bioethics parallels traditional biomedical ethics by providing four principles for ethical guidance. Through these four principles, Green Bioethics presents a coherent framework for evaluating the sustainability of medical developments, techniques, and procedures. The principles of Green Bioethics are: <br />- Distributive Justice (Allocate Basic Medical Resources before Special Interest Access)<br />- Resource Conservation (Provide Health Care Needs before Health Care Wants)<br />- Simplicity (Reduce Dependence on Medical Interventions)<br />- Ethical Economics (Humanistic Health Care Instead of Financial Profit)<br /><br />The future of our world may very well depend on how effectively we halt ecological destruction and conserve our resources. The principles of Green Bioethics, in tandem with the concrete examples given in this book, will support sustainability in health care.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36803261" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="967269bf29940136243bbe5267a88767" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63311997,"asset_id":36803261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63311997/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3266278" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/CristinaRichie">Cristina Richie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3266278" type="text/json">{"id":3266278,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Richie","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"CristinaRichie","display_name":"Cristina Richie","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/CristinaRichie?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3266278/1081066/116395995/s65_cristina.richie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36803261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36803261"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36803261, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36803261", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36803261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36803261; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36803261"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36803261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36803261"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36803261; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36803261]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36803261").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36803261").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36803261"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">36</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="756" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Economics">Environmental Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="756" type="text/json">{"id":756,"name":"Environmental Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Economics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36803261]'), work: {"id":36803261,"title":"Principles of Green Bioethics: Sustainability in Health Care (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2019).","created_at":"2018-06-07T18:44:22.671-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36803261/Principles_of_Green_Bioethics_Sustainability_in_Health_Care_East_Lansing_Michigan_State_University_Press_2019_?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_36803261","summary":"Health care is ubiquitous in the lives of industrialized people. Yet, every medical development, technique, and procedure impact the environment. Green Bioethics synthesizes environmental ethics and biomedical ethics, thus creating an interdisciplinary approach to sustainable health care. Notably, Green Bioethics addresses, not the structure of environmental sustainability in health care institutions, but the sustainability of individual health care offerings. \n\nGreen Bioethics parallels traditional biomedical ethics by providing four principles for ethical guidance. Through these four principles, Green Bioethics presents a coherent framework for evaluating the sustainability of medical developments, techniques, and procedures. The principles of Green Bioethics are: \n- Distributive Justice (Allocate Basic Medical Resources before Special Interest Access)\n- Resource Conservation (Provide Health Care Needs before Health Care Wants)\n- Simplicity (Reduce Dependence on Medical Interventions)\n- Ethical Economics (Humanistic Health Care Instead of Financial Profit)\n\nThe future of our world may very well depend on how effectively we halt ecological destruction and conserve our resources. The principles of Green Bioethics, in tandem with the concrete examples given in this book, will support sustainability in health care. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63311997,"asset_id":36803261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3266278,"first_name":"Cristina","last_name":"Richie","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"CristinaRichie","display_name":"Cristina Richie","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/CristinaRichie?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3266278/1081066/116395995/s65_cristina.richie.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":756,"name":"Environmental Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Economics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=906"},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=906"},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=906"},{"id":4594,"name":"Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dioxide?f_ri=906"},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=906"},{"id":5793,"name":"Economic Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Justice?f_ri=906"},{"id":6580,"name":"Global Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Justice?f_ri=906"},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=906"},{"id":7695,"name":"Environmental Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":9148,"name":"Ecological Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Justice?f_ri=906"},{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=906"},{"id":10191,"name":"Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Justice?f_ri=906"},{"id":15235,"name":"Health Care Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=906"},{"id":18590,"name":"Environmental Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Justice?f_ri=906"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=906"},{"id":22038,"name":"Environmental ethics (Philosophy) (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_ethics_Philosophy_Philosophy_?f_ri=906"},{"id":29393,"name":"Healthcare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare?f_ri=906"},{"id":39193,"name":"Voluntary Simplicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Voluntary_Simplicity?f_ri=906"},{"id":44472,"name":"Carbon Footprint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Footprint?f_ri=906"},{"id":73090,"name":"NHS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NHS?f_ri=906"},{"id":147304,"name":"Medicalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicalization?f_ri=906"},{"id":235683,"name":"Simplicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simplicity?f_ri=906"},{"id":238827,"name":"Carbon Emissions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Emissions?f_ri=906"},{"id":463471,"name":"Healthcare Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthcare_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":485892,"name":"CDC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CDC?f_ri=906"},{"id":983239,"name":"Comparative Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Bioethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":1709410,"name":"Green Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Bioethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=906"},{"id":2015312,"name":"Environmental Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Bioethics?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13759153 coauthored" data-work_id="13759153" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13759153/Ethical_Education_in_Software_Engineering_Responsibility_in_the_Production_of_Complex_Systems">Ethical Education in Software Engineering: Responsibility in the Production of Complex Systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Among the various contemporary schools of moral thinking, consequencebased ethics, as opposed to rule-based, seems to have a good acceptance among professionals such as software engineers. But naïve consequentialism is intellectually too... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13759153" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Among the various contemporary schools of moral thinking, consequencebased ethics, as opposed to rule-based, seems to have a good acceptance among professionals such as software engineers. But naïve consequentialism is intellectually too weak to serve as a practical guide in the profession. Besides, the complexity of software systems makes it very hard to know in advance the consequences that will derive from professional activities in the production of software. Therefore, following the spirit of well-known codes of ethics such as the ACM/IEEE's, we advocate for a more solid position in the ethical education of software engineers, which we call 'moderate deontologism', that takes into account both rules and consequences to assess the goodness of actions, and at the same time pays an adequate consideration to the absolute values of human dignity. In order to educate responsible professionals, however, this position should be complemented with a pedagogical approach to virtue ethics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13759153" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7159cc86b08ef1a51e8ad18ab85e336" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44985864,"asset_id":13759153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44985864/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81399051" href="https://uc3m.academia.edu/AnabelFraga">Anabel Fraga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81399051" type="text/json">{"id":81399051,"first_name":"Anabel","last_name":"Fraga","domain_name":"uc3m","page_name":"AnabelFraga","display_name":"Anabel Fraga","profile_url":"https://uc3m.academia.edu/AnabelFraga?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81399051/19672254/19541363/s65_anabel.fraga.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13759153">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13759153"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uc3m.academia.edu/GonzaloG%C3%A9nova">Gonzalo Génova</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13759153'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13759153').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13759153 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13759153"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13759153, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13759153", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13759153 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13759153; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13759153"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); 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But naïve consequentialism is intellectually too weak to serve as a practical guide in the profession. Besides, the complexity of software systems makes it very hard to know in advance the consequences that will derive from professional activities in the production of software. Therefore, following the spirit of well-known codes of ethics such as the ACM/IEEE's, we advocate for a more solid position in the ethical education of software engineers, which we call 'moderate deontologism', that takes into account both rules and consequences to assess the goodness of actions, and at the same time pays an adequate consideration to the absolute values of human dignity. In order to educate responsible professionals, however, this position should be complemented with a pedagogical approach to virtue ethics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44985864,"asset_id":13759153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":81399051,"first_name":"Anabel","last_name":"Fraga","domain_name":"uc3m","page_name":"AnabelFraga","display_name":"Anabel Fraga","profile_url":"https://uc3m.academia.edu/AnabelFraga?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81399051/19672254/19541363/s65_anabel.fraga.jpeg"},{"id":32875789,"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Génova","domain_name":"uc3m","page_name":"GonzaloGénova","display_name":"Gonzalo Génova","profile_url":"https://uc3m.academia.edu/GonzaloG%C3%A9nova?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32875789/18251184/18225591/s65_gonzalo.g_nova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":449,"name":"Software Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Engineering?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":1761,"name":"Health Professional Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Professional_Education?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":40023,"name":"Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Responsibility?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=906"},{"id":54501,"name":"Complex System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_System?f_ri=906"},{"id":57939,"name":"Software Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Design?f_ri=906"},{"id":567681,"name":"Software Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Systems?f_ri=906"},{"id":900289,"name":"Code of Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Code_of_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":1216932,"name":"Rule Based","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rule_Based?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33389631" data-work_id="33389631" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33389631/Demarcation_of_the_ethics_of_care_as_a_discipline_Discussion_article">Demarcation of the ethics of care as a discipline: Discussion article</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article aims to initiate a discussion on the demarcation of the ethics of care. This discussion is necessary because the ethics of care evolves by making use of insights from varying disciplines. As this involves the risk of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33389631" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article aims to initiate a discussion on the demarcation of the ethics of care. This discussion is necessary because the ethics of care evolves by making use of insights from varying disciplines. As this involves the risk of contamination of the care ethical discipline, the challenge for care ethical scholars is to ensure to retain a distinct care ethical perspective. This may be supported by an open and critical debate on the criteria and boundaries of the ethics of care. As a contribution, this article proposes a tentative outline of the care ethical discipline. What is characteristic of this outline is the emphasis on relational programming, situation-specific and context-bound judgments, a political-ethical perspective, and empirical groundedness. It is argued that the ethics of care is best developed further by means of an intradisciplinary approach. Two intradisciplinary examples show how within the frame of one discipline, other disciplines are absorbed, both with their body of knowledge and their research methodology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33389631" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a2b22aff69863e405f8932e3539ec66c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53445979,"asset_id":33389631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53445979/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="227796" href="https://nwu.academia.edu/AndriesBaart">Andries Baart</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="227796" type="text/json">{"id":227796,"first_name":"Andries","last_name":"Baart","domain_name":"nwu","page_name":"AndriesBaart","display_name":"Andries Baart","profile_url":"https://nwu.academia.edu/AndriesBaart?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/227796/20529270/20161361/s65_andries.baart.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33389631 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33389631"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33389631, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33389631", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33389631]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33389631").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33389631").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33389631"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="206" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change">Social Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="206" type="text/json">{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="398685" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Ethics">Nursing Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="398685" type="text/json">{"id":398685,"name":"Nursing Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33389631]'), work: {"id":33389631,"title":"Demarcation of the ethics of care as a discipline: Discussion article","created_at":"2017-06-09T03:32:21.703-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33389631/Demarcation_of_the_ethics_of_care_as_a_discipline_Discussion_article?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_33389631","summary":"This article aims to initiate a discussion on the demarcation of the ethics of care. This discussion is necessary because the ethics of care evolves by making use of insights from varying disciplines. As this involves the risk of contamination of the care ethical discipline, the challenge for care ethical scholars is to ensure to retain a distinct care ethical perspective. This may be supported by an open and critical debate on the criteria and boundaries of the ethics of care. As a contribution, this article proposes a tentative outline of the care ethical discipline. What is characteristic of this outline is the emphasis on relational programming, situation-specific and context-bound judgments, a political-ethical perspective, and empirical groundedness. It is argued that the ethics of care is best developed further by means of an intradisciplinary approach. Two intradisciplinary examples show how within the frame of one discipline, other disciplines are absorbed, both with their body of knowledge and their research methodology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53445979,"asset_id":33389631,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":227796,"first_name":"Andries","last_name":"Baart","domain_name":"nwu","page_name":"AndriesBaart","display_name":"Andries Baart","profile_url":"https://nwu.academia.edu/AndriesBaart?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/227796/20529270/20161361/s65_andries.baart.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":398685,"name":"Nursing Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":458190,"name":"Organizational Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Innovation?f_ri=906"},{"id":489423,"name":"Morals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morals?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17512636" data-work_id="17512636" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17512636/Complexity_of_Female_Genital_Mutilation_Cutting">Complexity of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The problem of Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting (FGM/C) continues unabated despite a declining trend in its overall prevalence rate. This article examines the complexity of FGM/C in Kenya and the ethical issues and social work values... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17512636" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The problem of Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting (FGM/C) continues unabated despite a declining trend in its overall prevalence rate. This article examines the complexity of FGM/C in Kenya and the ethical issues and social work values surrounding the practice. It argues that the practice should be abolished because it violates fundamental human rights, social work values and ethical principles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17512636" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48439676b98d1cc712eac89b03329a04" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39551160,"asset_id":17512636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39551160/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6362000" href="https://kisiiuniversity.academia.edu/TitusOPacho">Titus O . Pacho</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6362000" type="text/json">{"id":6362000,"first_name":"Titus","last_name":"Pacho","domain_name":"kisiiuniversity","page_name":"TitusOPacho","display_name":"Titus O . Pacho","profile_url":"https://kisiiuniversity.academia.edu/TitusOPacho?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6362000/2590089/19222364/s65_titus.o._pacho.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17512636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17512636"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17512636, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17512636", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17512636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17512636; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17512636"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17512636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17512636"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17512636; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17512636]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17512636").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17512636").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17512636"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17512636]'), work: {"id":17512636,"title":"Complexity of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting","created_at":"2015-10-30T06:03:10.370-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17512636/Complexity_of_Female_Genital_Mutilation_Cutting?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_17512636","summary":"The problem of Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting (FGM/C) continues unabated despite a declining trend in its overall prevalence rate. This article examines the complexity of FGM/C in Kenya and the ethical issues and social work values surrounding the practice. It argues that the practice should be abolished because it violates fundamental human rights, social work values and ethical principles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39551160,"asset_id":17512636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6362000,"first_name":"Titus","last_name":"Pacho","domain_name":"kisiiuniversity","page_name":"TitusOPacho","display_name":"Titus O . Pacho","profile_url":"https://kisiiuniversity.academia.edu/TitusOPacho?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6362000/2590089/19222364/s65_titus.o._pacho.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10866582" data-work_id="10866582" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10866582/Morality_in_Politics_or_the_Politics_of_Morality_Neopurification_in_Romania">Morality in Politics, or the Politics of Morality? "Neopurification" in Romania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10866582" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76473a5bd190e930acd5d8218c81e1a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36668210,"asset_id":10866582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36668210/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="808127" href="https://snspa.academia.edu/MiroiuMihaela">Mihaela Miroiu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="808127" type="text/json">{"id":808127,"first_name":"Mihaela","last_name":"Miroiu","domain_name":"snspa","page_name":"MiroiuMihaela","display_name":"Mihaela Miroiu","profile_url":"https://snspa.academia.edu/MiroiuMihaela?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/808127/278033/328733/s65_miroiu.mihaela.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10866582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10866582"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10866582, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10866582", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10866582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10866582; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10866582"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10866582 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10866582"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10866582; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10866582]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10866582").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10866582").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10866582"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ethics">Political Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73507" type="text/json">{"id":73507,"name":"Political Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10866582]'), work: {"id":10866582,"title":"Morality in Politics, or the Politics of Morality? \"Neopurification\" in Romania","created_at":"2015-02-17T06:09:01.388-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10866582/Morality_in_Politics_or_the_Politics_of_Morality_Neopurification_in_Romania?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_10866582","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36668210,"asset_id":10866582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":808127,"first_name":"Mihaela","last_name":"Miroiu","domain_name":"snspa","page_name":"MiroiuMihaela","display_name":"Mihaela Miroiu","profile_url":"https://snspa.academia.edu/MiroiuMihaela?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/808127/278033/328733/s65_miroiu.mihaela.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":73507,"name":"Political Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9616584" data-work_id="9616584" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9616584/The_Role_of_Strategic_Conversations_with_Stakeholders_in_the_Formation_of_Corporate_Social_Responsibility_Strategy">The Role of Strategic Conversations with Stakeholders in the Formation of Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper explores the role of strategic conversations in corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy formation. The authors suggest that explicitly engaging stakeholders in the CSR strategy-making process, through the mechanism of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9616584" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper explores the role of strategic conversations in corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy formation. The authors suggest that explicitly engaging stakeholders in the CSR strategy-making process, through the mechanism of strategic conversations, will minimize future stakeholder concerns and enhance CSR strategy making. In addition, suggestions for future research are offered to enable a better understanding of effective strategic conversation processes in CSR strategy making and the resulting performance outcomes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9616584" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b4516fe18992bb0d010277b826ebcfa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47704208,"asset_id":9616584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47704208/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22865646" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MorganMiles">Morgan Miles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22865646" type="text/json">{"id":22865646,"first_name":"Morgan","last_name":"Miles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MorganMiles","display_name":"Morgan Miles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MorganMiles?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9616584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9616584"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9616584, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9616584", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9616584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9616584; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9616584"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9616584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9616584"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9616584; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9616584]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9616584").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9616584").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9616584"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1452" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility">Corporate Social Responsibility</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1452" type="text/json">{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9616584]'), work: {"id":9616584,"title":"The Role of Strategic Conversations with Stakeholders in the Formation of Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy","created_at":"2014-12-03T21:38:22.942-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9616584/The_Role_of_Strategic_Conversations_with_Stakeholders_in_the_Formation_of_Corporate_Social_Responsibility_Strategy?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_9616584","summary":"This paper explores the role of strategic conversations in corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy formation. The authors suggest that explicitly engaging stakeholders in the CSR strategy-making process, through the mechanism of strategic conversations, will minimize future stakeholder concerns and enhance CSR strategy making. In addition, suggestions for future research are offered to enable a better understanding of effective strategic conversation processes in CSR strategy making and the resulting performance outcomes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47704208,"asset_id":9616584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22865646,"first_name":"Morgan","last_name":"Miles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MorganMiles","display_name":"Morgan Miles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MorganMiles?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":1452,"name":"Corporate Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Social_Responsibility?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":69003,"name":"Socially-responsible Investing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socially-responsible_Investing?f_ri=906"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29771843" data-work_id="29771843" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29771843/The_Cultural_Moral_Right_to_a_Basic_Minimum_of_Accessible_Health_Care">The Cultural Moral Right to a Basic Minimum of Accessible Health Care</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1) The conception of a cultural moral right is useful in capturing the social-moral realities that underlie debate about universal health care. In asserting such rights, individuals make claims above and beyond their legal rights, but... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29771843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1) The conception of a cultural moral right is useful in capturing the social-moral realities that underlie debate about universal health care. In asserting such rights, individuals make claims above and beyond their legal rights, but those claims are based on the society's existing commitments and moral culture. In the United States such a right to accessible basic health care is generated by various empirical social facts, primarily the conjunction of the legal requirement of access to emergency care with widely held principles about unfair free riding and just sharing of costs between well and ill. The right can get expressed in social policy through either single-payer or mandated insurance. (2) The same elements that generate this right provide modest assistance in determining its content, the structure and scope of a basic minimum of care. They justify limits on patient cost sharing, require comparative effectiveness, and make cost considerations relevant. They shed light on the status of expensive, marginally life extending, last-chance therapies, as well as life support for PVS patients. They are of less assistance in settling contentious debates about screening for breast and prostate cancer and treatments for infertility and erectile dysfunction, but even there they establish a useful framework for discussion. Scarcity of resources need not be a leading conceptual consideration in discerning a basic minimum. More important are the societal elements that generate the cultural moral right to a basic minimum.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29771843" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="afd17ce368cf6b4c4a0c581300f3dc5e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50222788,"asset_id":29771843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50222788/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4089486" href="https://plu.academia.edu/PaulTMenzel">Paul T Menzel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4089486" type="text/json">{"id":4089486,"first_name":"Paul T","last_name":"Menzel","domain_name":"plu","page_name":"PaulTMenzel","display_name":"Paul T Menzel","profile_url":"https://plu.academia.edu/PaulTMenzel?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4089486/1574817/1907008/s65_paul.menzel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29771843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29771843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29771843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29771843", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29771843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29771843; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29771843"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29771843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29771843"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29771843; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29771843]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29771843").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29771843").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29771843"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="941" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy">Social Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="941" type="text/json">{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29771843]'), work: {"id":29771843,"title":"The Cultural Moral Right to a Basic Minimum of Accessible Health Care","created_at":"2016-11-09T20:22:47.424-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29771843/The_Cultural_Moral_Right_to_a_Basic_Minimum_of_Accessible_Health_Care?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_29771843","summary":"1) The conception of a cultural moral right is useful in capturing the social-moral realities that underlie debate about universal health care. In asserting such rights, individuals make claims above and beyond their legal rights, but those claims are based on the society's existing commitments and moral culture. In the United States such a right to accessible basic health care is generated by various empirical social facts, primarily the conjunction of the legal requirement of access to emergency care with widely held principles about unfair free riding and just sharing of costs between well and ill. The right can get expressed in social policy through either single-payer or mandated insurance. (2) The same elements that generate this right provide modest assistance in determining its content, the structure and scope of a basic minimum of care. They justify limits on patient cost sharing, require comparative effectiveness, and make cost considerations relevant. They shed light on the status of expensive, marginally life extending, last-chance therapies, as well as life support for PVS patients. They are of less assistance in settling contentious debates about screening for breast and prostate cancer and treatments for infertility and erectile dysfunction, but even there they establish a useful framework for discussion. Scarcity of resources need not be a leading conceptual consideration in discerning a basic minimum. More important are the societal elements that generate the cultural moral right to a basic minimum.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50222788,"asset_id":29771843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4089486,"first_name":"Paul T","last_name":"Menzel","domain_name":"plu","page_name":"PaulTMenzel","display_name":"Paul T Menzel","profile_url":"https://plu.academia.edu/PaulTMenzel?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4089486/1574817/1907008/s65_paul.menzel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":4441,"name":"Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care?f_ri=906"},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=906"},{"id":11758,"name":"Health insurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_insurance?f_ri=906"},{"id":32101,"name":"Clinical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":37819,"name":"Erectile dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Erectile_dysfunction?f_ri=906"},{"id":55155,"name":"Emergency Medical Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Medical_Services?f_ri=906"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=906"},{"id":124064,"name":"Universal Coverage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universal_Coverage?f_ri=906"},{"id":208699,"name":"Free Riding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Riding?f_ri=906"},{"id":319638,"name":"Moral Obligations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Obligations?f_ri=906"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=906"},{"id":526146,"name":"Comparative Effectiveness Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Effectiveness_Research?f_ri=906"},{"id":882903,"name":"Terminal care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terminal_care?f_ri=906"},{"id":1212103,"name":"Antineoplastic Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antineoplastic_Agents?f_ri=906"},{"id":1442661,"name":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kennedy_Institute_of_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":2533306,"name":"cultural characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/cultural_characteristics?f_ri=906"},{"id":2549475,"name":"Health Services Accessibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Services_Accessibility?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23049370" data-work_id="23049370" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23049370/Self_Focus_and_Procedural_Fairness_The_Role_of_Self_Rumination_and_Self_Reflection">Self-Focus and Procedural Fairness: The Role of Self-Rumination and Self-Reflection</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examined the differential role of self-rumination and selfreflection on the psychological influence of procedural fairness. Study 1 induced self-rumination and self-reflection relative to an outward-focused control.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23049370" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examined the differential role of self-rumination and selfreflection on the psychological influence of procedural fairness. Study 1 induced self-rumination and self-reflection relative to an outward-focused control. Selfrumination increased the perceived importance of procedural fairness, whereas selfreflection decreased it. Study 2, assessing individual differences in self-rumination and self-reflection, showed that a standard procedural fairness manipulation (voice vs. no voice) predicted future interaction preferences with the enactment source among those high (but not low) in self-rumination and among those low (but not high) in self-reflection. The findings validate a multiple process approach to understanding the role of the self in procedural fairness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23049370" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="93408d08938168f9d22ee78d316f80a1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43554855,"asset_id":23049370,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43554855/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2061960" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/LievenBrebels">Lieven Brebels</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2061960" type="text/json">{"id":2061960,"first_name":"Lieven","last_name":"Brebels","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"LievenBrebels","display_name":"Lieven Brebels","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/LievenBrebels?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2061960/675675/4571575/s65_lieven.brebels.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23049370 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23049370"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23049370, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23049370", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23049370 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23049370; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23049370"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23049370 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23049370"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23049370; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23049370]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23049370").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23049370").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23049370"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5792" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice">Social Justice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5792" type="text/json">{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23049370]'), work: {"id":23049370,"title":"Self-Focus and Procedural Fairness: The Role of Self-Rumination and Self-Reflection","created_at":"2016-03-09T10:52:46.277-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23049370/Self_Focus_and_Procedural_Fairness_The_Role_of_Self_Rumination_and_Self_Reflection?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_23049370","summary":"This article examined the differential role of self-rumination and selfreflection on the psychological influence of procedural fairness. Study 1 induced self-rumination and self-reflection relative to an outward-focused control. Selfrumination increased the perceived importance of procedural fairness, whereas selfreflection decreased it. Study 2, assessing individual differences in self-rumination and self-reflection, showed that a standard procedural fairness manipulation (voice vs. no voice) predicted future interaction preferences with the enactment source among those high (but not low) in self-rumination and among those low (but not high) in self-reflection. The findings validate a multiple process approach to understanding the role of the self in procedural fairness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43554855,"asset_id":23049370,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2061960,"first_name":"Lieven","last_name":"Brebels","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"LievenBrebels","display_name":"Lieven Brebels","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/LievenBrebels?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2061960/675675/4571575/s65_lieven.brebels.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77966874" data-work_id="77966874" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77966874/Gay_and_Catholic_Accepting_My_Sexuality_Finding_Community_Living_My_Faith">Gay and Catholic: Accepting My Sexuality, Finding Community, Living My Faith</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this first book from an openly lesbian and celibate Catholic, widely published writer and blogger Eve Tushnet recounts her spiritual and intellectual journey from liberal atheism to faithful Catholicism and shows how gay Catholics can... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77966874" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this first book from an openly lesbian and celibate Catholic, widely published writer and blogger Eve Tushnet recounts her spiritual and intellectual journey from liberal atheism to faithful Catholicism and shows how gay Catholics can love and be loved while adhering to Church teaching. Eve Tushnet was among the unlikeliest of converts. The only child of two atheist academics, Tushnet was a typical Yale undergraduate until the day she went out to poke fun at a gathering of philosophical debaters, who happened also to be Catholic. Instead of enjoying mocking what she termed the "zoo animals," she found herself engaged in intellectual conversation with them and, in a move that surprised even her, she soon converted to Catholicism. Already self-identifying as a lesbian, Tushnet searched for a third way in the seeming two-option system available to gay Catholics: reject Church teaching on homosexuality or reject the truth of your sexuality. Gay and Catholic is the fruit of Tushnet's searching: what she learned in studying Christian history and theology and her articulation of how gay Catholics can pour their love and need for connection into friendships, community, service, and artistic creation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77966874" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b00cef2470b53415c110dab217a35ece" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85177080,"asset_id":77966874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85177080/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="113626510" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EveTushnet">Eve Tushnet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="113626510" type="text/json">{"id":113626510,"first_name":"Eve","last_name":"Tushnet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EveTushnet","display_name":"Eve Tushnet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EveTushnet?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113626510/45666733/35537354/s65_eve.tushnet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77966874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77966874"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77966874, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77966874", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77966874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77966874; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77966874"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77966874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77966874"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77966874; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77966874]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77966874").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77966874").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77966874"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14844" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faith">Faith</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14844" type="text/json">{"id":14844,"name":"Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faith?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77966874]'), work: {"id":77966874,"title":"Gay and Catholic: Accepting My Sexuality, Finding Community, Living My Faith","created_at":"2022-04-29T07:40:33.285-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77966874/Gay_and_Catholic_Accepting_My_Sexuality_Finding_Community_Living_My_Faith?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_77966874","summary":"In this first book from an openly lesbian and celibate Catholic, widely published writer and blogger Eve Tushnet recounts her spiritual and intellectual journey from liberal atheism to faithful Catholicism and shows how gay Catholics can love and be loved while adhering to Church teaching. Eve Tushnet was among the unlikeliest of converts. The only child of two atheist academics, Tushnet was a typical Yale undergraduate until the day she went out to poke fun at a gathering of philosophical debaters, who happened also to be Catholic. Instead of enjoying mocking what she termed the \"zoo animals,\" she found herself engaged in intellectual conversation with them and, in a move that surprised even her, she soon converted to Catholicism. Already self-identifying as a lesbian, Tushnet searched for a third way in the seeming two-option system available to gay Catholics: reject Church teaching on homosexuality or reject the truth of your sexuality. Gay and Catholic is the fruit of Tushnet's searching: what she learned in studying Christian history and theology and her articulation of how gay Catholics can pour their love and need for connection into friendships, community, service, and artistic creation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85177080,"asset_id":77966874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":113626510,"first_name":"Eve","last_name":"Tushnet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EveTushnet","display_name":"Eve Tushnet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EveTushnet?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/113626510/45666733/35537354/s65_eve.tushnet.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":14844,"name":"Faith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Faith?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":654264,"name":"Theology of Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_of_Sexuality?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44322831" data-work_id="44322831" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44322831/Ethics_for_Drone_Operators_Rules_versus_Virtues">Ethics for Drone Operators: Rules versus Virtues</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Until recently most militaries tended to see moral issues through the lens of rules and regulations. Today, however, many armed forces consider teaching virtues to be an important complement to imposing rules and codes from above. A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44322831" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Until recently most militaries tended to see moral issues through the lens of rules and regulations. Today, however, many armed forces consider teaching virtues to be an important complement to imposing rules and codes from above. A closer look reveals that it is mainly established military virtues such as honour, courage and loyalty that dominate both the lists of virtues and values of most militaries and the growing body of literature on military virtues. Although there is evidently still a role for these traditional martial virtues, it is equally evident that they are not particularly relevant to, for instance, military personnel operating drones. This chapter looks into the ethics of unmanned warfare from the perspective of military virtues and military ethics education, and addresses the question of what we need to solve that just-mentioned misalignment: 1) a new set of virtues; 2) a different interpretation of the existing virtues; or 3) a different approach altogether, that is, an alternative to teaching virtues? That we have to think about such questions is at least partly because unmanned systems bring risk asymmetry in war to a new level, making warlike virtues such as physical courage by and large obsolete. The last section of this chapter therefore addresses the question: to what extent does the possibility of riskless warfare makes drone use ‘virtue-less’?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44322831" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8791b5fcff8238cc5258a8ced0909bc3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":118937214,"asset_id":44322831,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118937214/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3419234" href="https://nlda.academia.edu/PeterOlsthoorn">Peter Olsthoorn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3419234" type="text/json">{"id":3419234,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Olsthoorn","domain_name":"nlda","page_name":"PeterOlsthoorn","display_name":"Peter Olsthoorn","profile_url":"https://nlda.academia.edu/PeterOlsthoorn?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3419234/1179312/161842939/s65_peter.olsthoorn.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44322831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44322831"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44322831, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44322831", }); 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Today, however, many armed forces consider teaching virtues to be an important complement to imposing rules and codes from above. A closer look reveals that it is mainly established military virtues such as honour, courage and loyalty that dominate both the lists of virtues and values of most militaries and the growing body of literature on military virtues. Although there is evidently still a role for these traditional martial virtues, it is equally evident that they are not particularly relevant to, for instance, military personnel operating drones. This chapter looks into the ethics of unmanned warfare from the perspective of military virtues and military ethics education, and addresses the question of what we need to solve that just-mentioned misalignment: 1) a new set of virtues; 2) a different interpretation of the existing virtues; or 3) a different approach altogether, that is, an alternative to teaching virtues? That we have to think about such questions is at least partly because unmanned systems bring risk asymmetry in war to a new level, making warlike virtues such as physical courage by and large obsolete. The last section of this chapter therefore addresses the question: to what extent does the possibility of riskless warfare makes drone use ‘virtue-less’? ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":118937214,"asset_id":44322831,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3419234,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Olsthoorn","domain_name":"nlda","page_name":"PeterOlsthoorn","display_name":"Peter Olsthoorn","profile_url":"https://nlda.academia.edu/PeterOlsthoorn?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3419234/1179312/161842939/s65_peter.olsthoorn.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":568,"name":"Military Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":1198,"name":"Peace and Conflict Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peace_and_Conflict_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=906"},{"id":12973,"name":"Just War Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Just_War_Theory?f_ri=906"},{"id":13057,"name":"War Crimes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Crimes?f_ri=906"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=906"},{"id":34275,"name":"Just war theory (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Just_war_theory_Philosophy_?f_ri=906"},{"id":61215,"name":"Virtue theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_theory?f_ri=906"},{"id":89919,"name":"Robots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Robots?f_ri=906"},{"id":146319,"name":"Just War Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Just_War_Tradition?f_ri=906"},{"id":188430,"name":"Drones, Targeted Killing, Ethics of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drones_Targeted_Killing_Ethics_of_War?f_ri=906"},{"id":189027,"name":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicle_UAV_?f_ri=906"},{"id":329707,"name":"Drones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drones?f_ri=906"},{"id":335460,"name":"Military Drones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Drones?f_ri=906"},{"id":882275,"name":"Drone Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drone_Warfare?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28623062" data-work_id="28623062" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28623062/On_Banning_Autonomous_Weapons_Systems_From_Deontological_to_Wide_Consequentialist_Reasons">On Banning Autonomous Weapons Systems: From Deontological to Wide Consequentialist Reasons</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28623062" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="171cd1db8e899961d52c7e4a0d20e825" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48988206,"asset_id":28623062,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48988206/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3282262" href="https://unina.academia.edu/GuglielmoTamburrini">Guglielmo Tamburrini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3282262" type="text/json">{"id":3282262,"first_name":"Guglielmo","last_name":"Tamburrini","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"GuglielmoTamburrini","display_name":"Guglielmo Tamburrini","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/GuglielmoTamburrini?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3282262/4362101/5064303/s65_guglielmo.tamburrini.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28623062 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28623062"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28623062, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28623062", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28623062 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28623062").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28623062"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4892" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomous_Robotics">Autonomous Robotics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4892" type="text/json">{"id":4892,"name":"Autonomous Robotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomous_Robotics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12059" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Robot_Interaction">Human-Robot Interaction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12059" type="text/json">{"id":12059,"name":"Human-Robot Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Robot_Interaction?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="983429" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind_and_Artificial_Intelligence_and_AI">Philosophy of Mind and Artificial Intelligence & AI</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="983429" type="text/json">{"id":983429,"name":"Philosophy of Mind and Artificial Intelligence \u0026 AI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind_and_Artificial_Intelligence_and_AI?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28623062]'), work: {"id":28623062,"title":"On Banning Autonomous Weapons Systems: From Deontological to Wide Consequentialist Reasons","created_at":"2016-09-20T06:46:57.609-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28623062/On_Banning_Autonomous_Weapons_Systems_From_Deontological_to_Wide_Consequentialist_Reasons?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_28623062","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48988206,"asset_id":28623062,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3282262,"first_name":"Guglielmo","last_name":"Tamburrini","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"GuglielmoTamburrini","display_name":"Guglielmo Tamburrini","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/GuglielmoTamburrini?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3282262/4362101/5064303/s65_guglielmo.tamburrini.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":4892,"name":"Autonomous Robotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomous_Robotics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":12059,"name":"Human-Robot Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human-Robot_Interaction?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":983429,"name":"Philosophy of Mind and Artificial Intelligence \u0026 AI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind_and_Artificial_Intelligence_and_AI?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23048123" data-work_id="23048123" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23048123/What_Ethical_Leadership_Means_to_Me_Asian_American_and_European_Perspectives">What Ethical Leadership Means to Me: Asian, American, and European Perspectives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite the increasingly multinational nature of the workplace, there have been few studies of the convergence and divergence in beliefs about ethicsbased leadership across cultures. This study examines the meaning of ethical and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23048123" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite the increasingly multinational nature of the workplace, there have been few studies of the convergence and divergence in beliefs about ethicsbased leadership across cultures. This study examines the meaning of ethical and unethical leadership held by managers in six societies with the goal of identifying areas of convergence and divergence across cultures. More specifically, qualitative research methods were used to identify the attributes and behaviors that managers from the People's Republic of China (the PRC), Hong Kong,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23048123" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0ed678af6c7107ac593e71a048ff3fb5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43553796,"asset_id":23048123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43553796/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44784889" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaryKeating2">Mary Keating</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44784889" type="text/json">{"id":44784889,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Keating","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaryKeating2","display_name":"Mary Keating","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaryKeating2?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23048123 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23048123"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23048123, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23048123", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23048123]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23048123").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23048123").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23048123"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22540" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research_Methods">Qualitative Research Methods</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22540" type="text/json">{"id":22540,"name":"Qualitative Research Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research_Methods?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23048123]'), work: {"id":23048123,"title":"What Ethical Leadership Means to Me: Asian, American, and European Perspectives","created_at":"2016-03-09T10:13:00.922-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23048123/What_Ethical_Leadership_Means_to_Me_Asian_American_and_European_Perspectives?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_23048123","summary":"Despite the increasingly multinational nature of the workplace, there have been few studies of the convergence and divergence in beliefs about ethicsbased leadership across cultures. This study examines the meaning of ethical and unethical leadership held by managers in six societies with the goal of identifying areas of convergence and divergence across cultures. More specifically, qualitative research methods were used to identify the attributes and behaviors that managers from the People's Republic of China (the PRC), Hong Kong,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43553796,"asset_id":23048123,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44784889,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Keating","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaryKeating2","display_name":"Mary Keating","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaryKeating2?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":22540,"name":"Qualitative Research Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research_Methods?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=906"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=906"},{"id":193239,"name":"Cultural value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_value?f_ri=906"},{"id":366588,"name":"Asian American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_American?f_ri=906"},{"id":422088,"name":"Management Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_Practice?f_ri=906"},{"id":1381590,"name":"Republic of China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republic_of_China?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4445519" data-work_id="4445519" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4445519/A_Cross_Cultural_Examination_of_the_Endorsement_of_Ethical_Leadership">A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Endorsement of Ethical Leadership</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The western-based leadership and ethics literatures were reviewed to identify the key characteristics that conceptually define what it means to be an ethical leader. Data from the Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4445519" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The western-based leadership and ethics literatures were reviewed to identify the key characteristics that conceptually define what it means to be an ethical leader. Data from the Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) project were then used to analyze the degree to which four aspects of ethical leadership – Character/Integrity, Altruism, Collective Motivation, and Encouragement – were endorsed as important for effective leadership across cultures. First, using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses measurement equivalence of the ethical leadership scales was found, which provides indication that the four dimensions have similar meaning across cultures. Then, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests each of the four dimensions were found to be universally endorsed as important for effective leadership. However, cultures also varied significantly in the degree of endorsement for each dimension. In the increasingly global business environment, these findings have implications for organizations implementing ethics programs across cultures and preparing leaders for expatriate assignments.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4445519" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5bdabc41a9d1fcf4ec8eec94494c3927" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49855103,"asset_id":4445519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49855103/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5472898" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulHanges">Paul Hanges</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5472898" type="text/json">{"id":5472898,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Hanges","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulHanges","display_name":"Paul Hanges","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulHanges?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5472898/10784291/12037272/s65_paul.hanges.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4445519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4445519"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4445519, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4445519", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4445519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4445519; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4445519"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4445519 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4445519"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4445519; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4445519]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4445519").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4445519").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4445519"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4445519]'), work: {"id":4445519,"title":"A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Endorsement of Ethical Leadership","created_at":"2013-09-09T11:41:10.731-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4445519/A_Cross_Cultural_Examination_of_the_Endorsement_of_Ethical_Leadership?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_4445519","summary":"The western-based leadership and ethics literatures were reviewed to identify the key characteristics that conceptually define what it means to be an ethical leader. Data from the Global Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness (GLOBE) project were then used to analyze the degree to which four aspects of ethical leadership – Character/Integrity, Altruism, Collective Motivation, and Encouragement – were endorsed as important for effective leadership across cultures. First, using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses measurement equivalence of the ethical leadership scales was found, which provides indication that the four dimensions have similar meaning across cultures. Then, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests each of the four dimensions were found to be universally endorsed as important for effective leadership. However, cultures also varied significantly in the degree of endorsement for each dimension. In the increasingly global business environment, these findings have implications for organizations implementing ethics programs across cultures and preparing leaders for expatriate assignments.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49855103,"asset_id":4445519,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5472898,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Hanges","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulHanges","display_name":"Paul Hanges","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulHanges?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5472898/10784291/12037272/s65_paul.hanges.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership?f_ri=906"},{"id":23437,"name":"Organizational Effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Effectiveness?f_ri=906"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=906"},{"id":313775,"name":"Business environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_environment?f_ri=906"},{"id":329310,"name":"Ethical Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Leadership?f_ri=906"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45174637" data-work_id="45174637" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45174637/Trust_and_Dialogue_Theoretical_Approaches_to_Ethics_Auditing">Trust and Dialogue: Theoretical Approaches to Ethics Auditing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this paper is to put forward an ethical framework for the conceptualization and development of ethics audits, here understood as a catalyst for company dialogue and in general, for management of ethics in the company. Ethics... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45174637" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this paper is to put forward an ethical framework for the conceptualization and development of ethics audits, here understood as a catalyst for company dialogue and in general, for management of ethics in the company. Ethics auditing is understood as the opportunity and agreement to devise a system to inform on ethical corporate behavior. This system essentially aims to increase the transparency and credibility of the company's commitment to ethics. At the same time, the process of elaborating this system allows us to introduce the moral dimension into company actions and decisions, thereby completing a key dimension of the production, maintenance and development of trust capital. To this end, the following four steps are taken. First, we analyze the relation between ethics auditing and trust as a basic moral resource in the dialogue between the company and its various stakeholders. Second, we examine the social balance sheet as a precursor to ethics auditing and focus on what prevents it from going further. Third, we attempt to reconstruct the basic moral assumptions underlying the company's social responsibility from the discourse ethics approach. Finally, we present a methodological framework from which to carry out our proposal, which embraces two basic theoretical perspectives: stakeholder theory and the values derived from discourse ethics as a normative framework.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45174637" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a60d5d7cb5f200955d86722651a0787" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65758274,"asset_id":45174637,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65758274/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="110598937" href="https://ujiapps.academia.edu/DomingoGarc%C3%ADaMarz%C3%A1GarciaMarza">Domingo García-Marzá</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="110598937" type="text/json">{"id":110598937,"first_name":"Domingo","last_name":"García-Marzá","domain_name":"ujiapps","page_name":"DomingoGarcíaMarzáGarciaMarza","display_name":"Domingo García-Marzá","profile_url":"https://ujiapps.academia.edu/DomingoGarc%C3%ADaMarz%C3%A1GarciaMarza?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/110598937/26075661/24701497/s65_domingo_garc_a_marz_.garcia-marza.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45174637 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45174637"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45174637, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45174637", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45174637 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45174637; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45174637"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45174637 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45174637"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45174637; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45174637]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45174637").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45174637").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45174637"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust">Trust</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3043" type="text/json">{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5175" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialogue">Dialogue</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5175" type="text/json">{"id":5175,"name":"Dialogue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialogue?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45174637]'), work: {"id":45174637,"title":"Trust and Dialogue: Theoretical Approaches to Ethics Auditing","created_at":"2021-02-23T02:08:54.555-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45174637/Trust_and_Dialogue_Theoretical_Approaches_to_Ethics_Auditing?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_45174637","summary":"The aim of this paper is to put forward an ethical framework for the conceptualization and development of ethics audits, here understood as a catalyst for company dialogue and in general, for management of ethics in the company. Ethics auditing is understood as the opportunity and agreement to devise a system to inform on ethical corporate behavior. This system essentially aims to increase the transparency and credibility of the company's commitment to ethics. At the same time, the process of elaborating this system allows us to introduce the moral dimension into company actions and decisions, thereby completing a key dimension of the production, maintenance and development of trust capital. To this end, the following four steps are taken. First, we analyze the relation between ethics auditing and trust as a basic moral resource in the dialogue between the company and its various stakeholders. Second, we examine the social balance sheet as a precursor to ethics auditing and focus on what prevents it from going further. Third, we attempt to reconstruct the basic moral assumptions underlying the company's social responsibility from the discourse ethics approach. Finally, we present a methodological framework from which to carry out our proposal, which embraces two basic theoretical perspectives: stakeholder theory and the values derived from discourse ethics as a normative framework.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65758274,"asset_id":45174637,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":110598937,"first_name":"Domingo","last_name":"García-Marzá","domain_name":"ujiapps","page_name":"DomingoGarcíaMarzáGarciaMarza","display_name":"Domingo García-Marzá","profile_url":"https://ujiapps.academia.edu/DomingoGarc%C3%ADaMarz%C3%A1GarciaMarza?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/110598937/26075661/24701497/s65_domingo_garc_a_marz_.garcia-marza.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":5175,"name":"Dialogue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialogue?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":11690,"name":"Ethics \u0026 Compliance Auditing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_and_Compliance_Auditing?f_ri=906"},{"id":3899029,"name":"Ethics Auditing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_Auditing?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33584461" data-work_id="33584461" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33584461/Observations_on_the_Epistemological_Status_of_Bioethics">Observations on the Epistemological Status of Bioethics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Different definitions of bioethics in American and Italian literature are reported. It is argued that they refer to three different conceptions of the epistemological status of bioethics: the first conceives of it as an application of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33584461" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Different definitions of bioethics in American and Italian literature are reported. It is argued that they refer to three different conceptions of the epistemological status of bioethics: the first conceives of it as an application of moral principles to biomedical problems, the second as a methodology for the working out of clinical judgement, the third as a broader and interdisciplinary public inquiry. It is suggested that each approach grasps a part of the truth, for each singles out one level of the bioethical work. Bioethics is in fact a complex, three-level form of knowledge. The misunderstanding of this complexity has led to some confusion and to conflicts of attribution among those who are concerned with it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33584461" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1543e0a5c286b44051722692f739970a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53619952,"asset_id":33584461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53619952/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51372917" href="https://unisr.academia.edu/MReichlin">Massimo Reichlin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51372917" type="text/json">{"id":51372917,"first_name":"Massimo","last_name":"Reichlin","domain_name":"unisr","page_name":"MReichlin","display_name":"Massimo Reichlin","profile_url":"https://unisr.academia.edu/MReichlin?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51372917/17144397/17295664/s65_massimo.reichlin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33584461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33584461"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33584461, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33584461", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33584461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33584461; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33584461"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33584461 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33584461"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33584461; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33584461]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33584461").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33584461").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33584461"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33584461]'), work: {"id":33584461,"title":"Observations on the Epistemological Status of Bioethics","created_at":"2017-06-21T01:42:04.842-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33584461/Observations_on_the_Epistemological_Status_of_Bioethics?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_33584461","summary":"Different definitions of bioethics in American and Italian literature are reported. It is argued that they refer to three different conceptions of the epistemological status of bioethics: the first conceives of it as an application of moral principles to biomedical problems, the second as a methodology for the working out of clinical judgement, the third as a broader and interdisciplinary public inquiry. It is suggested that each approach grasps a part of the truth, for each singles out one level of the bioethical work. Bioethics is in fact a complex, three-level form of knowledge. The misunderstanding of this complexity has led to some confusion and to conflicts of attribution among those who are concerned with it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53619952,"asset_id":33584461,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51372917,"first_name":"Massimo","last_name":"Reichlin","domain_name":"unisr","page_name":"MReichlin","display_name":"Massimo Reichlin","profile_url":"https://unisr.academia.edu/MReichlin?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51372917/17144397/17295664/s65_massimo.reichlin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":4440,"name":"Philosophy of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Medicine?f_ri=906"},{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":10810,"name":"Ethical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Theory?f_ri=906"},{"id":32101,"name":"Clinical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=906"},{"id":57511,"name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Comparison?f_ri=906"},{"id":69821,"name":"Casuistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Casuistry?f_ri=906"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=906"},{"id":249884,"name":"Beneficence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beneficence?f_ri=906"},{"id":364937,"name":"Social Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Values?f_ri=906"},{"id":453266,"name":"Virtues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtues?f_ri=906"},{"id":489423,"name":"Morals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morals?f_ri=906"},{"id":599219,"name":"Interdisciplinary Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interdisciplinary_Communication?f_ri=906"},{"id":1234717,"name":"Bioethical Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethical_Issues?f_ri=906"},{"id":1821487,"name":"Personal autonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_autonomy?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22434825 coauthored" data-work_id="22434825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22434825/Ethics_of_Caring_in_Environmental_Ethics_Indigenous_and_Feminist_Philosophies">Ethics of Caring in Environmental Ethics: Indigenous and Feminist Philosophies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22434825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of environmental decision making and environmental science. Indigenous and feminist movements such as the Mother Earth Water Walk and the Green Belt Movement are ongoing examples of the effectiveness of on-the-ground environmental care ethics. Indigenous ethics highlight attentive caring for the intertwined needs of humans and nonhumans within interdependent communities. Feminist environmental care ethics emphasize the importance of empowering communities to care for themselves and the social and ecological communities in which their lives and interests are interwoven. The gendered, feminist, historical, and anticolonial dimensions of care ethics, indigenous ethics, and other related approaches provide rich ground for rethinking and reclaiming the nature and depth of diverse relationships as the fabric of social and ecological being.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22434825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35fdb91deb3ccbe7d324df30bc45d0b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43053935,"asset_id":22434825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43053935/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="449110" href="https://umich.academia.edu/KyleWhyte">Kyle Whyte</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="449110" type="text/json">{"id":449110,"first_name":"Kyle","last_name":"Whyte","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"KyleWhyte","display_name":"Kyle Whyte","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/KyleWhyte?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/449110/145868/11059711/s65_kyle.whyte.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-22434825">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-22434825"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uga.academia.edu/ChrisCuomo">Chris Cuomo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-22434825'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-22434825').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22434825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22434825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22434825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22434825", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22434825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22434825; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22434825"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22434825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22434825"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22434825; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22434825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22434825").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22434825").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22434825"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22434825]'), work: {"id":22434825,"title":"Ethics of Caring in Environmental Ethics: Indigenous and Feminist Philosophies","created_at":"2016-02-25T06:44:01.542-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22434825/Ethics_of_Caring_in_Environmental_Ethics_Indigenous_and_Feminist_Philosophies?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_22434825","summary":"Indigenous ethics and feminist care ethics offer a range of related ideas and tools for environmental ethics. These ethics delve into deep connections and moral commitments between nonhumans and humans to guide ethical forms of environmental decision making and environmental science. Indigenous and feminist movements such as the Mother Earth Water Walk and the Green Belt Movement are ongoing examples of the effectiveness of on-the-ground environmental care ethics. Indigenous ethics highlight attentive caring for the intertwined needs of humans and nonhumans within interdependent communities. Feminist environmental care ethics emphasize the importance of empowering communities to care for themselves and the social and ecological communities in which their lives and interests are interwoven. The gendered, feminist, historical, and anticolonial dimensions of care ethics, indigenous ethics, and other related approaches provide rich ground for rethinking and reclaiming the nature and depth of diverse relationships as the fabric of social and ecological being.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43053935,"asset_id":22434825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":449110,"first_name":"Kyle","last_name":"Whyte","domain_name":"umich","page_name":"KyleWhyte","display_name":"Kyle Whyte","profile_url":"https://umich.academia.edu/KyleWhyte?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/449110/145868/11059711/s65_kyle.whyte.jpg"},{"id":101634,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Cuomo","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"ChrisCuomo","display_name":"Chris Cuomo","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/ChrisCuomo?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=906"},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=906"},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=906"},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":4124,"name":"Feminist Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Philosophy?f_ri=906"},{"id":5060,"name":"Indigenous Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Politics?f_ri=906"},{"id":7695,"name":"Environmental Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=906"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=906"},{"id":15149,"name":"Indigenous Peoples Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples_Rights?f_ri=906"},{"id":15504,"name":"Native American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American?f_ri=906"},{"id":17988,"name":"Feminist Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":17990,"name":"Care Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Care_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=906"},{"id":19495,"name":"Indigenous Peoples","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Peoples?f_ri=906"},{"id":20738,"name":"Feminist ethics (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_ethics_Philosophy_?f_ri=906"},{"id":60210,"name":"Caring / Care Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caring_Care_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":82376,"name":"The Ethics of Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Ethics_of_Care?f_ri=906"},{"id":309109,"name":"Ethics of Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_of_Care?f_ri=906"},{"id":526830,"name":"Maternal Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Ethics?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75066165" data-work_id="75066165" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75066165/Rethinking_Assistive_Technologies_Users_Environments_Digital_Media_and_App_Practices_of_Hearing">Rethinking Assistive Technologies: Users, Environments, Digital Media, and App-Practices of Hearing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Against the backdrop of an aging world population increasingly affected by a diverse range of abilities and disabilities as well as the rise of ubiquitous computing and digital app cultures, this paper questions how mobile technologies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75066165" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Against the backdrop of an aging world population increasingly affected by a diverse range of abilities and disabilities as well as the rise of ubiquitous computing and digital app cultures, this paper questions how mobile technologies mediate between heterogeneous environments and sensing beings. To approach the current technological manufacturing of the senses, two lines of thought are of importance: First, there is a need to critically reflect upon the concept of assistive technologies (AT) as artifacts providing tangible solutions for a specific disability. Second, the conventional distinction between user and environment requires a differentiated consideration. This contribution will first review James Gibson’s concept of “affordances” and modify this approach by introducing theories and methods of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Then, we present two case studies where we explore the relations between recent “assistive” app technologies and ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75066165" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="175de70c959f01562a94c49597de9e18" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82985561,"asset_id":75066165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82985561/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11931189" href="https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/MarkusSp%C3%B6hrer">Markus Spöhrer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11931189" type="text/json">{"id":11931189,"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Spöhrer","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"MarkusSpöhrer","display_name":"Markus Spöhrer","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/MarkusSp%C3%B6hrer?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11931189/3428860/4032614/s65_markus.sp_hrer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75066165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75066165"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75066165, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75066165", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75066165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75066165; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75066165"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75066165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75066165"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75066165; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75066165]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75066165").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75066165").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75066165"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6999" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoethics">Nanoethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6999" type="text/json">{"id":6999,"name":"Nanoethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75066165]'), work: {"id":75066165,"title":"Rethinking Assistive Technologies: Users, Environments, Digital Media, and App-Practices of Hearing","created_at":"2022-03-31T05:41:09.832-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75066165/Rethinking_Assistive_Technologies_Users_Environments_Digital_Media_and_App_Practices_of_Hearing?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_75066165","summary":"Against the backdrop of an aging world population increasingly affected by a diverse range of abilities and disabilities as well as the rise of ubiquitous computing and digital app cultures, this paper questions how mobile technologies mediate between heterogeneous environments and sensing beings. To approach the current technological manufacturing of the senses, two lines of thought are of importance: First, there is a need to critically reflect upon the concept of assistive technologies (AT) as artifacts providing tangible solutions for a specific disability. Second, the conventional distinction between user and environment requires a differentiated consideration. This contribution will first review James Gibson’s concept of “affordances” and modify this approach by introducing theories and methods of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Then, we present two case studies where we explore the relations between recent “assistive” app technologies and ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82985561,"asset_id":75066165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11931189,"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Spöhrer","domain_name":"uni-tuebingen","page_name":"MarkusSpöhrer","display_name":"Markus Spöhrer","profile_url":"https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/MarkusSp%C3%B6hrer?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11931189/3428860/4032614/s65_markus.sp_hrer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":6999,"name":"Nanoethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanoethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6798104" data-work_id="6798104" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6798104/DOES_DROPPING_OUT_OF_SCHOOL_MEAN_DROPPING_INTO_DELINQUENCY">DOES DROPPING OUT OF SCHOOL MEAN DROPPING INTO DELINQUENCY?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Approximately one third of U.S. high-school freshmen do not earn their high-school diploma on time. For African-American and Hispanic students, this figure nearly reaches one half. The long-term economic consequences of dropping out of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6798104" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Approximately one third of U.S. high-school freshmen do not earn their high-school diploma on time. For African-American and Hispanic students, this figure nearly reaches one half. The long-term economic consequences of dropping out of school for both the student and the larger community have been well documented. It has also been argued that school dropouts put themselves at a higher risk for delinquent and criminal behavior when they leave school. Although it seems plausible that dropping out might increase the potential for delinquent conduct, another view states that dropping out is simply the final event in a long, gradual process of disenchantment and disengagement from school. Dropouts show evidence of school failure and developmental problems years in advance. It has been argued, therefore, that the actual event of finally leaving school has no causal effect on criminal or delinquent behavior because it has been so long in coming. In this article, we examine the effect of leaving school early, and the reason for dropping out, on delinquent behavior with the use of panel data models from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort (NLSY97). Through an appeal to identity theory, we hypothesize that the effect of dropping out is not uniform but varies by the reason for leaving school, gender, and time. This conjecture receives only partial empirical support. Implications for future work in the area are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6798104" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13a533bc5761381bd79a839861cc8d4e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48718619,"asset_id":6798104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48718619/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4011208" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RayPaternoster">Ray Paternoster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4011208" type="text/json">{"id":4011208,"first_name":"Ray","last_name":"Paternoster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RayPaternoster","display_name":"Ray Paternoster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RayPaternoster?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6798104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6798104"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6798104, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6798104", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6798104]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6798104").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6798104").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6798104"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology">Criminology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189" type="text/json">{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22503" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delinquency">Delinquency</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22503" type="text/json">{"id":22503,"name":"Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delinquency?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6798104]'), work: {"id":6798104,"title":"DOES DROPPING OUT OF SCHOOL MEAN DROPPING INTO DELINQUENCY?","created_at":"2014-04-18T06:32:06.277-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6798104/DOES_DROPPING_OUT_OF_SCHOOL_MEAN_DROPPING_INTO_DELINQUENCY?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_6798104","summary":"Approximately one third of U.S. high-school freshmen do not earn their high-school diploma on time. For African-American and Hispanic students, this figure nearly reaches one half. The long-term economic consequences of dropping out of school for both the student and the larger community have been well documented. It has also been argued that school dropouts put themselves at a higher risk for delinquent and criminal behavior when they leave school. Although it seems plausible that dropping out might increase the potential for delinquent conduct, another view states that dropping out is simply the final event in a long, gradual process of disenchantment and disengagement from school. Dropouts show evidence of school failure and developmental problems years in advance. It has been argued, therefore, that the actual event of finally leaving school has no causal effect on criminal or delinquent behavior because it has been so long in coming. In this article, we examine the effect of leaving school early, and the reason for dropping out, on delinquent behavior with the use of panel data models from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort (NLSY97). Through an appeal to identity theory, we hypothesize that the effect of dropping out is not uniform but varies by the reason for leaving school, gender, and time. This conjecture receives only partial empirical support. Implications for future work in the area are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48718619,"asset_id":6798104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4011208,"first_name":"Ray","last_name":"Paternoster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RayPaternoster","display_name":"Ray Paternoster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RayPaternoster?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":22503,"name":"Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delinquency?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":28148,"name":"Identity theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_theory?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13989676" data-work_id="13989676" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13989676/Defending_the_Ethical_Permissibility_of_Cryopreservation">Defending the Ethical Permissibility of Cryopreservation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Advances in medical science consistently present great promise for humankind coupled with unprecedented ethical challenges. In expanding the scope for possible actions they simultaneously force one to confront difficult decisions. One... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13989676" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Advances in medical science consistently present great promise for humankind coupled with unprecedented ethical challenges. In expanding the scope for possible actions they simultaneously force one to confront difficult decisions. One such decision is whether it is ethically permissible to elect cryopreservation as a means to extend one's life. The practical and theoretical foundations of cryonics were secured by Ettinger's innovative piece The Prospect of Immortality over 50 years ago. 1 Yet the focus of bioethical debate in recent times has rested almost exclusively on determining when human life begins. This paper will shift this focus to a discussion of when human life ends, ultimately contending that cryopreservation offers one an ethical vehicle to "not go gentle into that good night." 2 This paper will begin by simply articulating the prima facie reasons for choosing to undergo cryopreservation. This will entail an examination of the concept of death, and a brief comment on the professional biomedical standards which endorse this treatment. This paper will then present three prudential objections to cryonics: that it has a low probability of success, that it does not guarantee the survival of one's personal identity, and that it would be undesirable to be revived in the future. It shall demonstrate the weaknesses of each of these criticisms successively, before addressing the strongest ethical objections against opting for cryopreservation. These are: it will contribute to over-population, it is a selfish practice, it will exacerbate inequality, and lastly that it is</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13989676" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8738620d88f595cb6e1dd9aa946828c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38174187,"asset_id":13989676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38174187/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22189848" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/KieranMcInerney">Kieran McInerney</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22189848" type="text/json">{"id":22189848,"first_name":"Kieran","last_name":"McInerney","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"KieranMcInerney","display_name":"Kieran McInerney","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/KieranMcInerney?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13989676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13989676"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13989676, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13989676", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13989676]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13989676").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13989676").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13989676"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7646" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Ethics">Professional Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7646" type="text/json">{"id":7646,"name":"Professional Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13989676]'), work: {"id":13989676,"title":"Defending the Ethical Permissibility of Cryopreservation","created_at":"2015-07-13T07:36:58.955-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13989676/Defending_the_Ethical_Permissibility_of_Cryopreservation?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_13989676","summary":"Advances in medical science consistently present great promise for humankind coupled with unprecedented ethical challenges. In expanding the scope for possible actions they simultaneously force one to confront difficult decisions. One such decision is whether it is ethically permissible to elect cryopreservation as a means to extend one's life. The practical and theoretical foundations of cryonics were secured by Ettinger's innovative piece The Prospect of Immortality over 50 years ago. 1 Yet the focus of bioethical debate in recent times has rested almost exclusively on determining when human life begins. This paper will shift this focus to a discussion of when human life ends, ultimately contending that cryopreservation offers one an ethical vehicle to \"not go gentle into that good night.\" 2 This paper will begin by simply articulating the prima facie reasons for choosing to undergo cryopreservation. This will entail an examination of the concept of death, and a brief comment on the professional biomedical standards which endorse this treatment. This paper will then present three prudential objections to cryonics: that it has a low probability of success, that it does not guarantee the survival of one's personal identity, and that it would be undesirable to be revived in the future. It shall demonstrate the weaknesses of each of these criticisms successively, before addressing the strongest ethical objections against opting for cryopreservation. These are: it will contribute to over-population, it is a selfish practice, it will exacerbate inequality, and lastly that it is","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38174187,"asset_id":13989676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22189848,"first_name":"Kieran","last_name":"McInerney","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"KieranMcInerney","display_name":"Kieran McInerney","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/KieranMcInerney?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":7646,"name":"Professional Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Professional_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":19295,"name":"Cryopreservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryopreservation?f_ri=906"},{"id":124153,"name":"Practical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Ethics?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36055088" data-work_id="36055088" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36055088/Les_G%C3%A9missements_de_la_Cr%C3%A9ation_Fondements_dune_Ethique_Ecologique_Chr%C3%A9tienne">Les Gémissements de la Création, Fondements d'une Ethique Ecologique Chrétienne</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Travail de Master réalisé en 2017 cherchant à développer des fondements éthiques proprement chrétiens pour répondre aux questions écologiques qui sont les nôtres. La réflexion prend pour point d'ancrage une péricope bien connue de la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36055088" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Travail de Master réalisé en 2017 cherchant à développer des fondements éthiques proprement chrétiens pour répondre aux questions écologiques qui sont les nôtres. <br />La réflexion prend pour point d'ancrage une péricope bien connue de la lettre aux Romains (8, 18-30) qui est analysée sur la première moitié du travail. L'exégèse se veut complète et propose une interprétation à la lumière de la lettre aux Romains dans sa totalité.<br />La deuxième moitié est consacrée au développement d'une herméneutique verte sur la base de l'exégèse en insistant sur l'ancrage juif de la pensée de Paul. Le travail se termine par des pistes de réflexions éthiques.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36055088" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="267c5c0c25eed1b87caa5d3779e501fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55940698,"asset_id":36055088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55940698/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48640216" href="https://unifr.academia.edu/BenjaminVaytet">Benjamin Vaytet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48640216" type="text/json">{"id":48640216,"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Vaytet","domain_name":"unifr","page_name":"BenjaminVaytet","display_name":"Benjamin Vaytet","profile_url":"https://unifr.academia.edu/BenjaminVaytet?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48640216/19174092/36820690/s65_benjamin.vaytet.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36055088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36055088"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36055088, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36055088", }); 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L'exégèse se veut complète et propose une interprétation à la lumière de la lettre aux Romains dans sa totalité.\nLa deuxième moitié est consacrée au développement d'une herméneutique verte sur la base de l'exégèse en insistant sur l'ancrage juif de la pensée de Paul. 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economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_and_economics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33971189" data-work_id="33971189" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33971189/%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%83%CE%B5_%CF%87%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82">Απόφαση τέλους ζωής σε χρόνιες Διαταραχές Επιπέδου Συνείδησης</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί μία κριτική επισκόπηση του άρθρου των Calabro et al. (2016), το οποίο αναφέρεται στη διαδικασία λήψης απόφασης τέλους της ζωής σε χρόνιες Διαταραχές Επιπέδου Συνείδησης (ΔΕΣ)εστιάζοντας στο ρόλο της αξιοπρέπειας... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33971189" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί μία κριτική επισκόπηση του άρθρου των Calabro et al. (2016), το οποίο αναφέρεται στη διαδικασία λήψης απόφασης τέλους της ζωής σε χρόνιες Διαταραχές Επιπέδου Συνείδησης (ΔΕΣ)εστιάζοντας στο ρόλο της αξιοπρέπειας (dignity) και της ιερότητας της ανθρώπινης ζωής(sacrality) ως ηθικών παραγόντων, άμεσα σχετιζόμενων με τη συγκεκριμένη διαδικασία.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33971189" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4bcbba4290151ec9a04a782f41fab466" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53925660,"asset_id":33971189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53925660/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58766716" href="https://en-uoa-gr.academia.edu/MaryKatarti">Mary Katarti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58766716" type="text/json">{"id":58766716,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Katarti","domain_name":"en-uoa-gr","page_name":"MaryKatarti","display_name":"Mary Katarti","profile_url":"https://en-uoa-gr.academia.edu/MaryKatarti?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58766716/17338285/20173582/s65_mary.katarti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33971189 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33971189"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33971189, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33971189", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33971189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33971189").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33971189").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33971189"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End-of-life_decisions">End-of-life decisions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="65664" type="text/json">{"id":65664,"name":"End-of-life decisions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End-of-life_decisions?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="592870" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disorders_of_Consciousness">Disorders of Consciousness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="592870" type="text/json">{"id":592870,"name":"Disorders of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disorders_of_Consciousness?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33971189]'), work: {"id":33971189,"title":"Απόφαση τέλους ζωής σε χρόνιες Διαταραχές Επιπέδου Συνείδησης","created_at":"2017-07-20T08:59:14.624-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33971189/%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%83%CE%B5_%CF%87%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_33971189","summary":"Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί μία κριτική επισκόπηση του άρθρου των Calabro et al. (2016), το οποίο αναφέρεται στη διαδικασία λήψης απόφασης τέλους της ζωής σε χρόνιες Διαταραχές Επιπέδου Συνείδησης (ΔΕΣ)εστιάζοντας στο ρόλο της αξιοπρέπειας (dignity) και της ιερότητας της ανθρώπινης ζωής(sacrality) ως ηθικών παραγόντων, άμεσα σχετιζόμενων με τη συγκεκριμένη διαδικασία. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53925660,"asset_id":33971189,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58766716,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Katarti","domain_name":"en-uoa-gr","page_name":"MaryKatarti","display_name":"Mary Katarti","profile_url":"https://en-uoa-gr.academia.edu/MaryKatarti?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58766716/17338285/20173582/s65_mary.katarti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":65664,"name":"End-of-life decisions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/End-of-life_decisions?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":592870,"name":"Disorders of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disorders_of_Consciousness?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32390866 coauthored" data-work_id="32390866" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32390866/PROFESSIONAL_ETHICS_IN_RESEARCH_ARE_STUDENTS_AND_TEACHERS_ON_THE_SAME_PAGE">PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN RESEARCH: ARE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS ON THE SAME PAGE?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethics is not a fixed attribute or some text to be learnt formally. It evolves during the journey of life. There is a moral responsibility of every learner in the knowledge world to be honest towards oneself and the society. Ethics... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32390866" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethics is not a fixed attribute or some text to be learnt formally. It evolves during the journey of life. There is a moral responsibility of every learner in the knowledge world to be honest towards oneself and the society. Ethics originated from Greek " ethos " meaning the science of morals and may be defined as moral principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conduct of an activity. Ethics are predominantly subjective. Each person may have their own set of moral principles and which may or may not agree with the available (if any) ethical code of conduct with respect to an activity. This ethical code of conduct is widely known as professional code of conduct in the professional word. If teaching is widely considered as a profession than do we have a code of professional ethics for teachers? In what way, teachers and students understand the concept of professional ethics? Is there any defined code of professional ethics in research? How (should) this code vary for students with special needs? The present paper attempts to study and answer few of these questions via seeking opinions of research students and teachers acting as research guide. The paper also attempts to contrast the perception of teachers and students about ethical practise related to research. The sample of 20 teachers and 58 students for this study would be drawn from the universities functioning in Delhi and NCR. The finding indicate that the students and teachers were more or less on the same page as far as ethical and unethical research practices were concerned and the difference in opinion exists due to their positioning as teacher and student on different side of the research table. The intra-group and inter-group differences in opinion were observed with regard to ignoring the grammatical/language errors for the sake of timely submissions, and supporting the students' with disability and those coming from disadvantaged sections of the society. Compared to inclusion of persons coming from scheduled tribe or scheduled castes and other marginalized and disadvantaged sections of the society.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32390866" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cf237c7c41471b8edac2b8d3a2e65a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52591694,"asset_id":32390866,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52591694/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16605611" href="https://ncert.academia.edu/bkaushik">bharti kaushik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16605611" type="text/json">{"id":16605611,"first_name":"bharti","last_name":"kaushik","domain_name":"ncert","page_name":"bkaushik","display_name":"bharti kaushik","profile_url":"https://ncert.academia.edu/bkaushik?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16605611/121961890/111298776/s65_bharti.kaushik.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-32390866">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-32390866"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://du-in.academia.edu/RichaPrasad">Richa Prasad</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-32390866'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-32390866').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32390866 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32390866"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32390866; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32390866]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32390866").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32390866").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32390866"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="583137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_in_Research">Ethics in Research</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="583137" type="text/json">{"id":583137,"name":"Ethics in Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_in_Research?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32390866]'), work: {"id":32390866,"title":"PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN RESEARCH: ARE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS ON THE SAME PAGE?","created_at":"2017-04-12T02:28:23.968-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32390866/PROFESSIONAL_ETHICS_IN_RESEARCH_ARE_STUDENTS_AND_TEACHERS_ON_THE_SAME_PAGE?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_32390866","summary":"Ethics is not a fixed attribute or some text to be learnt formally. It evolves during the journey of life. There is a moral responsibility of every learner in the knowledge world to be honest towards oneself and the society. Ethics originated from Greek \" ethos \" meaning the science of morals and may be defined as moral principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conduct of an activity. Ethics are predominantly subjective. Each person may have their own set of moral principles and which may or may not agree with the available (if any) ethical code of conduct with respect to an activity. This ethical code of conduct is widely known as professional code of conduct in the professional word. If teaching is widely considered as a profession than do we have a code of professional ethics for teachers? In what way, teachers and students understand the concept of professional ethics? Is there any defined code of professional ethics in research? How (should) this code vary for students with special needs? The present paper attempts to study and answer few of these questions via seeking opinions of research students and teachers acting as research guide. The paper also attempts to contrast the perception of teachers and students about ethical practise related to research. The sample of 20 teachers and 58 students for this study would be drawn from the universities functioning in Delhi and NCR. The finding indicate that the students and teachers were more or less on the same page as far as ethical and unethical research practices were concerned and the difference in opinion exists due to their positioning as teacher and student on different side of the research table. The intra-group and inter-group differences in opinion were observed with regard to ignoring the grammatical/language errors for the sake of timely submissions, and supporting the students' with disability and those coming from disadvantaged sections of the society. Compared to inclusion of persons coming from scheduled tribe or scheduled castes and other marginalized and disadvantaged sections of the society.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52591694,"asset_id":32390866,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16605611,"first_name":"bharti","last_name":"kaushik","domain_name":"ncert","page_name":"bkaushik","display_name":"bharti kaushik","profile_url":"https://ncert.academia.edu/bkaushik?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16605611/121961890/111298776/s65_bharti.kaushik.png"},{"id":4683261,"first_name":"Richa","last_name":"Prasad","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"RichaPrasad","display_name":"Richa Prasad","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/RichaPrasad?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4683261/1970830/2328626/s65_richa.prasad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":583137,"name":"Ethics in Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_in_Research?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13295042" data-work_id="13295042" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13295042/Fat_and_Thin_Sex_Fetishised_Normal_and_Normalised_Fetish">Fat and Thin Sex: Fetishised Normal and Normalised Fetish</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fat sexuality is often stigmatised, where fat individuals are culturally viewed as asexual and incapable of arousing sexual desire unless it is fetishistic. This is in contrast to the thin privilege experienced by thin individuals where... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13295042" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fat sexuality is often stigmatised, where fat individuals are culturally viewed as asexual and incapable of arousing sexual desire unless it is fetishistic. This is in contrast to the thin privilege experienced by thin individuals where thin bodies are viewed as beautiful and desirable and thin sex as the norm. Upon closer scrutiny these domains present as being more similar than distinct. The fetishisation of one and the normativity of the other seem to be more a consequence of fat prejudice rather than being based on relevant criteria not related to body size.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13295042" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="929e85a44ccbc745964ca4e6bb6a7e94" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38642344,"asset_id":13295042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38642344/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3480956" href="https://otago.academia.edu/GKhandpur">Gurleen Khandpur</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3480956" type="text/json">{"id":3480956,"first_name":"Gurleen","last_name":"Khandpur","domain_name":"otago","page_name":"GKhandpur","display_name":"Gurleen Khandpur","profile_url":"https://otago.academia.edu/GKhandpur?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3480956/1183166/41735728/s65_gurleen.khandpur.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13295042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13295042"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13295042, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13295042", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13295042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13295042; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13295042"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13295042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13295042"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13295042; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13295042]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13295042").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13295042").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13295042"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3960" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fat_Studies">Fat Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3960" type="text/json">{"id":3960,"name":"Fat Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fat_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4917" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality">Gender and Sexuality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4917" type="text/json">{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13295042]'), work: {"id":13295042,"title":"Fat and Thin Sex: Fetishised Normal and Normalised Fetish","created_at":"2015-06-25T16:51:37.930-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13295042/Fat_and_Thin_Sex_Fetishised_Normal_and_Normalised_Fetish?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_13295042","summary":"Fat sexuality is often stigmatised, where fat individuals are culturally viewed as asexual and incapable of arousing sexual desire unless it is fetishistic. This is in contrast to the thin privilege experienced by thin individuals where thin bodies are viewed as beautiful and desirable and thin sex as the norm. Upon closer scrutiny these domains present as being more similar than distinct. The fetishisation of one and the normativity of the other seem to be more a consequence of fat prejudice rather than being based on relevant criteria not related to body size.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38642344,"asset_id":13295042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3480956,"first_name":"Gurleen","last_name":"Khandpur","domain_name":"otago","page_name":"GKhandpur","display_name":"Gurleen Khandpur","profile_url":"https://otago.academia.edu/GKhandpur?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3480956/1183166/41735728/s65_gurleen.khandpur.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":3960,"name":"Fat Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fat_Studies?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60236299" data-work_id="60236299" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60236299/Race_Power_and_COVID_19_A_Call_for_Advocacy_within_Bioethics">Race, Power, and COVID-19: A Call for Advocacy within Bioethics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Events in 2020 have sparked a reimagination of how both individuals and institutions should consider race, power, health, and marginalization in society. In a response to these developments, we examine the current and past limitations of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60236299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Events in 2020 have sparked a reimagination of how both individuals and institutions should consider race, power, health, and marginalization in society. In a response to these developments, we examine the current and past limitations of the ways in which bioethicists have considered race and, more generally, discourses of marginalization. We argue that the foundational principle of justice necessitates that bioethics, as an institution, maintain an active voice against systemic injustice. To carry out this charge, bioethics as a field should promote alternative narratives-"counter storytelling"-to the mainstream voices that have traditionally been heard and accepted, largely without opposition. Additionally, we engage with both Post-Colonial and Critical Race Theory, which we believe are important tools for bioethics in pursuit of equity. Ultimately, we advocate for a proactive form of bioethics that actively resists and denounces injustice and which considers a much wider variety of voices about justice than bioethics has historically considered.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60236299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e92eac9f3bea28949a6612e92e00734b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73770776,"asset_id":60236299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73770776/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60603788" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZMithani">Zamina Mithani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60603788" type="text/json">{"id":60603788,"first_name":"Zamina","last_name":"Mithani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZMithani","display_name":"Zamina Mithani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZMithani?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60236299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60236299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60236299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60236299", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60236299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60236299; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60236299"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60236299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60236299"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60236299; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60236299]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60236299").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60236299").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60236299"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="410370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1">Public health systems and services research</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="410370" type="text/json">{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60236299]'), work: {"id":60236299,"title":"Race, Power, and COVID-19: A Call for Advocacy within Bioethics","created_at":"2021-10-28T14:13:31.589-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60236299/Race_Power_and_COVID_19_A_Call_for_Advocacy_within_Bioethics?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_60236299","summary":"Events in 2020 have sparked a reimagination of how both individuals and institutions should consider race, power, health, and marginalization in society. In a response to these developments, we examine the current and past limitations of the ways in which bioethicists have considered race and, more generally, discourses of marginalization. We argue that the foundational principle of justice necessitates that bioethics, as an institution, maintain an active voice against systemic injustice. To carry out this charge, bioethics as a field should promote alternative narratives-\"counter storytelling\"-to the mainstream voices that have traditionally been heard and accepted, largely without opposition. Additionally, we engage with both Post-Colonial and Critical Race Theory, which we believe are important tools for bioethics in pursuit of equity. Ultimately, we advocate for a proactive form of bioethics that actively resists and denounces injustice and which considers a much wider variety of voices about justice than bioethics has historically considered.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73770776,"asset_id":60236299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60603788,"first_name":"Zamina","last_name":"Mithani","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZMithani","display_name":"Zamina Mithani","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZMithani?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23370480" data-work_id="23370480" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23370480/Ethical_Challenges_of_Algorithmic_Journalism">Ethical Challenges of Algorithmic Journalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With the institutionalization of algorithms as content creators, professional journalism is facing transformation and novel ethical challenges. This article focuses on the concept of Algorithmic Journalism on the basis of natural language... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23370480" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With the institutionalization of algorithms as content creators, professional journalism is facing transformation and novel ethical challenges. This article focuses on the concept of Algorithmic Journalism on the basis of natural language generation and provides a framework to identify and discuss ethical issues. The analysis builds on the moral theories of deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and contractualism and remaps the ethical discussion for Algorithmic Journalism at the intersection of digital media ethics and cyberethics. In order to capture the whole range of potential shifts and challenges in journalism ethics the article combines the ethical multi-layer system of responsibility by Pürer with the classification of journalism by Weischenberg, Malik, and Scholl on an organizational, professional/individual, and social/audience sphere. This analytical framework is then complemented with attributes derived from the technical potential of Algorithmic Journalism. As a result, the analysis uncovers new ethical challenges and shifts of responsibility in news production for journalism practice and journalism research at the  levels of objectivity, authority, transparency, and at the level of implicit or explicit values.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23370480" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff0989a74d38b85e47cd6aaf6855c020" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43822604,"asset_id":23370480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43822604/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12426982" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/KonstantinD%C3%B6rr">Konstantin Dörr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12426982" type="text/json">{"id":12426982,"first_name":"Konstantin","last_name":"Dörr","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"KonstantinDörr","display_name":"Konstantin Dörr","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/KonstantinD%C3%B6rr?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12426982/3555941/4173808/s65_konstantin.d_rr.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23370480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23370480"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23370480, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23370480", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23370480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23370480; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23370480"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23370480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23370480"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23370480; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23370480]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23370480").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23370480").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23370480"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="994" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism">Journalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="994" type="text/json">{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23370480]'), work: {"id":23370480,"title":"Ethical Challenges of Algorithmic Journalism","created_at":"2016-03-17T08:33:15.979-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23370480/Ethical_Challenges_of_Algorithmic_Journalism?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_23370480","summary":"With the institutionalization of algorithms as content creators, professional journalism is facing transformation and novel ethical challenges. This article focuses on the concept of Algorithmic Journalism on the basis of natural language generation and provides a framework to identify and discuss ethical issues. The analysis builds on the moral theories of deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and contractualism and remaps the ethical discussion for Algorithmic Journalism at the intersection of digital media ethics and cyberethics. In order to capture the whole range of potential shifts and challenges in journalism ethics the article combines the ethical multi-layer system of responsibility by Pürer with the classification of journalism by Weischenberg, Malik, and Scholl on an organizational, professional/individual, and social/audience sphere. This analytical framework is then complemented with attributes derived from the technical potential of Algorithmic Journalism. As a result, the analysis uncovers new ethical challenges and shifts of responsibility in news production for journalism practice and journalism research at the levels of objectivity, authority, transparency, and at the level of implicit or explicit values.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43822604,"asset_id":23370480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12426982,"first_name":"Konstantin","last_name":"Dörr","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"KonstantinDörr","display_name":"Konstantin Dörr","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/KonstantinD%C3%B6rr?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12426982/3555941/4173808/s65_konstantin.d_rr.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":882991,"name":"Digital Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":2425956,"name":"Automated Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automated_Journalism?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40606928" data-work_id="40606928" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40606928/BOOK_Vulnerability_and_Exposure_Footballer_Scandals_Masculine_Identity_and_Ethics_UWAP_Scholarly_2015_">BOOK: Vulnerability and Exposure: Footballer Scandals, Masculine Identity and Ethics (UWAP Scholarly 2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Vulnerability and Exposure: footballer scandals, masculine identity and ethics presents a critical investigation of contemporary masculine team sports and football scandals and their relationship with gendered cultures, institutions and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40606928" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Vulnerability and Exposure: footballer scandals, masculine identity and ethics presents a critical investigation of contemporary masculine team sports and football scandals and their relationship with gendered cultures, institutions and identity norms. Drawing on reports of Australian Rules football off-field scandals over the past decade, the book critically examines cases of sexual assault, illicit drug use and binge drinking, homophobia, violence and other controversial behaviours that have become norms in the reporting of sportsplayers’ off-field lives.<br /><br />Using a range of approaches to unpack some of the ways in which these scandals are produced and understood, and how they impact on reputations (of players, clubs and the game itself), Cover identifies the cultural factors significant in the production of the contemporary footballer identity, and the ways in which these identities are constructed, performed and reported on.<br /><br />In utilising scandal to develop ways in which off-field behaviour in sport can be re-made as a relatively harmless event for women, bystanders and players, this work develops an approach to ethics by showing that footballers are well-placed to see the vulnerability of others through their own vulnerability to injury, career breaks and loss of reputation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40606928" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e670b5d7fd99ad0aa4892e16f09ba139" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60885861,"asset_id":40606928,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60885861/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="482557" href="https://rmit.academia.edu/RobCover">Rob Cover</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="482557" type="text/json">{"id":482557,"first_name":"Rob","last_name":"Cover","domain_name":"rmit","page_name":"RobCover","display_name":"Rob Cover","profile_url":"https://rmit.academia.edu/RobCover?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/482557/401384/123292963/s65_rob.cover.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40606928 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40606928"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40606928, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40606928", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40606928 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40606928; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40606928"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40606928 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40606928"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40606928; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40606928]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40606928").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40606928").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40606928"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="218" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Sport">Sociology of Sport</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="218" type="text/json">{"id":218,"name":"Sociology of Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Sport?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5272" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_">Identity (Culture)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5272" type="text/json">{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40606928]'), work: {"id":40606928,"title":"BOOK: Vulnerability and Exposure: Footballer Scandals, Masculine Identity and Ethics (UWAP Scholarly 2015)","created_at":"2019-10-13T05:55:26.442-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40606928/BOOK_Vulnerability_and_Exposure_Footballer_Scandals_Masculine_Identity_and_Ethics_UWAP_Scholarly_2015_?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_40606928","summary":"Vulnerability and Exposure: footballer scandals, masculine identity and ethics presents a critical investigation of contemporary masculine team sports and football scandals and their relationship with gendered cultures, institutions and identity norms. Drawing on reports of Australian Rules football off-field scandals over the past decade, the book critically examines cases of sexual assault, illicit drug use and binge drinking, homophobia, violence and other controversial behaviours that have become norms in the reporting of sportsplayers’ off-field lives.\n\nUsing a range of approaches to unpack some of the ways in which these scandals are produced and understood, and how they impact on reputations (of players, clubs and the game itself), Cover identifies the cultural factors significant in the production of the contemporary footballer identity, and the ways in which these identities are constructed, performed and reported on.\n\nIn utilising scandal to develop ways in which off-field behaviour in sport can be re-made as a relatively harmless event for women, bystanders and players, this work develops an approach to ethics by showing that footballers are well-placed to see the vulnerability of others through their own vulnerability to injury, career breaks and loss of reputation.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60885861,"asset_id":40606928,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":482557,"first_name":"Rob","last_name":"Cover","domain_name":"rmit","page_name":"RobCover","display_name":"Rob Cover","profile_url":"https://rmit.academia.edu/RobCover?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/482557/401384/123292963/s65_rob.cover.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":218,"name":"Sociology of Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Sport?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":8734,"name":"Masculinity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinity?f_ri=906"},{"id":13274,"name":"Masculinities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinities?f_ri=906"},{"id":50456,"name":"Sports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28845753" data-work_id="28845753" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28845753/A_waste_of_time_the_problem_of_common_morality_in_Principles_of_Biomedical_Ethics">A waste of time: the problem of common morality in Principles of Biomedical Ethics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From the 5th edition of Beauchamp and Childress' Principles of Biomedical Ethics, the problem of common morality has been given a more prominent role and emphasis. With the publication of the 6th and latest edition, the authors not only... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28845753" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From the 5th edition of Beauchamp and Childress' Principles of Biomedical Ethics, the problem of common morality has been given a more prominent role and emphasis. With the publication of the 6th and latest edition, the authors not only attempt to ground their theory in common morality, but there is also an increased tendency to identify the former with the latter. While this stratagem may give the impression of a more robust, and hence stable, foundation for their theoretical construct, we fear that it comes with a cost, namely the need to keep any theory in medical ethics open to, and thereby aware of, the challenges arising from biomedical research and clinical practice, as well as healthcare systems. By too readily identifying the moral life of common morality with rule-following behaviour, Beauchamp and Childress may even be wrong about the nature of common morality as such, thereby founding their, by now, classic theory on quicksand instead of solid rock.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28845753" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bac53c223040a675d32b758ba232288e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49266063,"asset_id":28845753,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49266063/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33795169" href="https://uio.academia.edu/JanHelgeSolbakk">Jan Helge Solbakk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33795169" type="text/json">{"id":33795169,"first_name":"Jan Helge","last_name":"Solbakk","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JanHelgeSolbakk","display_name":"Jan Helge Solbakk","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JanHelgeSolbakk?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28845753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28845753"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28845753, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28845753", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28845753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28845753; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28845753"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28845753 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28845753"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28845753; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28845753]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28845753").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28845753").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28845753"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9435" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics">Medical Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9435" type="text/json">{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10810" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Theory">Ethical Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10810" type="text/json">{"id":10810,"name":"Ethical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Theory?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28845753]'), work: {"id":28845753,"title":"A waste of time: the problem of common morality in Principles of Biomedical Ethics","created_at":"2016-10-01T06:24:32.294-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28845753/A_waste_of_time_the_problem_of_common_morality_in_Principles_of_Biomedical_Ethics?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_28845753","summary":"From the 5th edition of Beauchamp and Childress' Principles of Biomedical Ethics, the problem of common morality has been given a more prominent role and emphasis. With the publication of the 6th and latest edition, the authors not only attempt to ground their theory in common morality, but there is also an increased tendency to identify the former with the latter. While this stratagem may give the impression of a more robust, and hence stable, foundation for their theoretical construct, we fear that it comes with a cost, namely the need to keep any theory in medical ethics open to, and thereby aware of, the challenges arising from biomedical research and clinical practice, as well as healthcare systems. By too readily identifying the moral life of common morality with rule-following behaviour, Beauchamp and Childress may even be wrong about the nature of common morality as such, thereby founding their, by now, classic theory on quicksand instead of solid rock.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49266063,"asset_id":28845753,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33795169,"first_name":"Jan Helge","last_name":"Solbakk","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"JanHelgeSolbakk","display_name":"Jan Helge Solbakk","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/JanHelgeSolbakk?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":9435,"name":"Medical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":10810,"name":"Ethical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Theory?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":489423,"name":"Morals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morals?f_ri=906"},{"id":2533306,"name":"cultural characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/cultural_characteristics?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52082308" data-work_id="52082308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52082308/A_principled_ethical_approach_to_intersex_paediatric_surgeries">A principled ethical approach to intersex paediatric surgeries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Surgery for intersex infants should be delayed until individuals are able to decide for themselves, except where it is a medical necessity. In an ideal world, this single principle would suffice and such surgeries could be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52082308" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Surgery for intersex infants should be delayed until individuals are able to decide for themselves, except where it is a medical necessity. In an ideal world, this single principle would suffice and such surgeries could be totally prohibited. Unfortunately, the world is not perfect, and, in some places, intersex neonates are at risk of being abandoned, mutilated or even killed. As long as intersex persons are at such high risk in some places, any ethical guidelines for intersex surgeries will need to take these extreme risks of harm into account. Main text I therefore argue for five basic principles that ought to inform ethics guidelines for surgical interventions in intersex children, specifically in contexts in which such children are at risk of significant harm. What I set out to come up with is a set of principles that do not completely prohibit surgery, but only allow it where a strong case can be made for its necessity, in the best interests of the child, and where ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52082308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b67ddab65e983f6879714135f20e42d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69510972,"asset_id":52082308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69510972/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="93188" href="https://wits.academia.edu/KevinBehrens">Kevin Behrens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="93188" type="text/json">{"id":93188,"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Behrens","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"KevinBehrens","display_name":"Kevin Behrens","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/KevinBehrens?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/93188/62155/48750126/s65_kevin.behrens.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52082308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52082308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52082308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52082308", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_52082308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52082308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_52082308"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52082308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52082308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52082308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52082308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52082308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52082308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52082308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52082308]'), work: {"id":52082308,"title":"A principled ethical approach to intersex paediatric surgeries","created_at":"2021-09-12T23:43:42.090-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52082308/A_principled_ethical_approach_to_intersex_paediatric_surgeries?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_52082308","summary":"Background Surgery for intersex infants should be delayed until individuals are able to decide for themselves, except where it is a medical necessity. In an ideal world, this single principle would suffice and such surgeries could be totally prohibited. Unfortunately, the world is not perfect, and, in some places, intersex neonates are at risk of being abandoned, mutilated or even killed. As long as intersex persons are at such high risk in some places, any ethical guidelines for intersex surgeries will need to take these extreme risks of harm into account. Main text I therefore argue for five basic principles that ought to inform ethics guidelines for surgical interventions in intersex children, specifically in contexts in which such children are at risk of significant harm. What I set out to come up with is a set of principles that do not completely prohibit surgery, but only allow it where a strong case can be made for its necessity, in the best interests of the child, and where ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69510972,"asset_id":52082308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":93188,"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Behrens","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"KevinBehrens","display_name":"Kevin Behrens","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/KevinBehrens?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/93188/62155/48750126/s65_kevin.behrens.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7025305" data-work_id="7025305" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7025305/Islam_as_an_Ethical_Tradition_of_International_Relations">Islam as an Ethical Tradition of International Relations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The paper discusses the role that Islamic values can play in articulating Islam as an ethical tradition that can shape the international relations.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7025305" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6d1d68468f4378f06566687c7de2559f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33683063,"asset_id":7025305,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33683063/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3388" href="https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan">Muqtedar Khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3388" type="text/json">{"id":3388,"first_name":"Muqtedar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"MuqtedarKhan","display_name":"Muqtedar Khan","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/MuqtedarKhan?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3388/1418/93215313/s65_muqtedar.khan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7025305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7025305"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7025305, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7025305", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7025305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7025305]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7025305").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7025305").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7025305"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">145</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements">New Religious Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120" type="text/json">{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7025305]'), work: {"id":7025305,"title":"Islam as an Ethical Tradition of International Relations","created_at":"2014-05-12T14:08:31.459-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7025305/Islam_as_an_Ethical_Tradition_of_International_Relations?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_7025305","summary":"The paper discusses the role that Islamic values can play in articulating Islam as an ethical tradition that can shape the international relations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33683063,"asset_id":7025305,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3388,"first_name":"Muqtedar","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"MuqtedarKhan","display_name":"Muqtedar 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href="https://www.academia.edu/8817976/Female_genital_mutilation_FGM_and_male_circumcision_Should_there_be_a_separate_ethical_discourse">Female genital mutilation (FGM) and male circumcision: Should there be a separate ethical discourse?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is sometimes argued that the non-therapeutic, non-consensual alteration of children’s genitals should be discussed in two separate ethical discourses: one for girls (in which such alterations should be termed ‘female genital... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8817976" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is sometimes argued that the non-therapeutic, non-consensual alteration of children’s genitals should be discussed in two separate ethical discourses: one for girls (in which such alterations should be termed ‘female genital mutilation’ or FGM), and one for boys (in which such alterations should be termed ‘male circumcision’). In this article, I call into question the moral and empirical basis for such a distinction, and argue that all children—whether female, male, or intersex—should be free from having parts of their genitals removed unless there is a pressing medical indication.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8817976" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b64f3410ee95cc822f75e37e56c467e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47841915,"asset_id":8817976,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47841915/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="377433" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/BrianDEarp">Brian D . 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u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/36567726/The_Case_for_Marijuana_Prohibition">The Case for Marijuana Prohibition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The state has an interest in protecting the ability of its citizens to act freely in pursuit of the good life. Psychoactive drugs that negatively affect one’s cognitive capacities conflict with this goal by undermining the conditions... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36567726" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The state has an interest in protecting the ability of its citizens to act freely in pursuit of the good life. Psychoactive drugs that negatively affect one’s cognitive capacities conflict with this goal by undermining the conditions needed for free action. Accordingly, the state has an interest in legally prohibiting certain classes of drugs, including marijuana and other cognition-disrupting substances.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36567726" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06641d9cae658ebda744a2e09dcee7e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58612449,"asset_id":36567726,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58612449/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="826735" rel="nofollow" href="https://grantham.academia.edu/TimothyHsiao">Timothy Hsiao</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="826735" type="text/json">{"id":826735,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Hsiao","domain_name":"grantham","page_name":"TimothyHsiao","display_name":"Timothy Hsiao","profile_url":"https://grantham.academia.edu/TimothyHsiao?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/826735/289475/38346611/s65_timothy.hsiao.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36567726 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36567726"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36567726, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36567726", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36567726]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36567726").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36567726").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36567726"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2484" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction">Drugs And Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2484" type="text/json">{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marijuana">Marijuana</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54131" type="text/json">{"id":54131,"name":"Marijuana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marijuana?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124153" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Ethics">Practical Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="124153" type="text/json">{"id":124153,"name":"Practical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36567726]'), work: {"id":36567726,"title":"The Case for Marijuana Prohibition","created_at":"2018-05-05T02:33:59.318-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36567726/The_Case_for_Marijuana_Prohibition?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_36567726","summary":"The state has an interest in protecting the ability of its citizens to act freely in pursuit of the good life. 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But how the impact of these written codes affect managerial attitudes and behavior is still not clearly documented or explained. This study takes a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31350713" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Codes of ethics exist in many, if not the majority, of all large U.S. companies today. But how the impact of these written codes affect managerial attitudes and behavior is still not clearly documented or explained. This study takes a step in that direction by proposing that attention should shift from the codes themselves as the sources of ethical behavior to the persons whose behavior is the focus of these codes. In particular, this study investigates the role of code familiarity as a factor impacting the influence of an ethics code on manager behavior. Data collected from 286 executives from companies in the direct selling industry are used to test hypotheses (1) that the perceived usefulness of ethics codes is positively related to the degree of familiarity with the code, and (2) that ethical climate as assessed by managers is positively related to the code's perceived usefulness. Both hypotheses are supported, and their implications and further research directions are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31350713" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="12a819a76921d9a69a2456b0d6712010" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51732641,"asset_id":31350713,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51732641/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59914976" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TerryLoe">Terry Loe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59914976" type="text/json">{"id":59914976,"first_name":"Terry","last_name":"Loe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TerryLoe","display_name":"Terry Loe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TerryLoe?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31350713 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31350713"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31350713, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31350713", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31350713]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31350713").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31350713").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31350713"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics">Business Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46" type="text/json">{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31350713]'), work: {"id":31350713,"title":"The impact of ethics code familiarity on manager behavior","created_at":"2017-02-10T06:11:40.036-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31350713/The_impact_of_ethics_code_familiarity_on_manager_behavior?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_31350713","summary":"Codes of ethics exist in many, if not the majority, of all large U.S. companies today. But how the impact of these written codes affect managerial attitudes and behavior is still not clearly documented or explained. This study takes a step in that direction by proposing that attention should shift from the codes themselves as the sources of ethical behavior to the persons whose behavior is the focus of these codes. In particular, this study investigates the role of code familiarity as a factor impacting the influence of an ethics code on manager behavior. Data collected from 286 executives from companies in the direct selling industry are used to test hypotheses (1) that the perceived usefulness of ethics codes is positively related to the degree of familiarity with the code, and (2) that ethical climate as assessed by managers is positively related to the code's perceived usefulness. Both hypotheses are supported, and their implications and further research directions are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51732641,"asset_id":31350713,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59914976,"first_name":"Terry","last_name":"Loe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TerryLoe","display_name":"Terry Loe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TerryLoe?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":140567,"name":"Perceived Usefulness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perceived_Usefulness?f_ri=906"},{"id":153168,"name":"Data Collection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Collection?f_ri=906"},{"id":900289,"name":"Code of Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Code_of_Ethics?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1593984" data-work_id="1593984" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1593984/The_Political_Heritage_of_the_Olympic_Games_Relevance_Risks_and_Possible_Rewards">The Political Heritage of the Olympic Games: Relevance, Risks, and Possible Rewards</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1593984" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e8ec8d241cb6f19a9931262ff37e4b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48521199,"asset_id":1593984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48521199/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="954339" href="https://morningside.academia.edu/HeatherReid">Heather Reid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="954339" type="text/json">{"id":954339,"first_name":"Heather","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"morningside","page_name":"HeatherReid","display_name":"Heather Reid","profile_url":"https://morningside.academia.edu/HeatherReid?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/954339/352706/420633/s65_heather.reid.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1593984 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1593984"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1593984, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1593984", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1593984 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1593984; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1593984"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1593984 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1593984"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1593984; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1593984]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1593984").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1593984").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1593984"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61641" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Olympic_Games">Olympic Games</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61641" type="text/json">{"id":61641,"name":"Olympic Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Olympic_Games?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="196268" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_degradation">Environmental degradation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="196268" type="text/json">{"id":196268,"name":"Environmental degradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_degradation?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1593984]'), work: {"id":1593984,"title":"The Political Heritage of the Olympic Games: Relevance, Risks, and Possible Rewards","created_at":"2012-05-26T17:49:21.300-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1593984/The_Political_Heritage_of_the_Olympic_Games_Relevance_Risks_and_Possible_Rewards?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_1593984","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48521199,"asset_id":1593984,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":954339,"first_name":"Heather","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"morningside","page_name":"HeatherReid","display_name":"Heather Reid","profile_url":"https://morningside.academia.edu/HeatherReid?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/954339/352706/420633/s65_heather.reid.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":61641,"name":"Olympic Games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Olympic_Games?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":196268,"name":"Environmental degradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_degradation?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13517011" data-work_id="13517011" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13517011/GENERATIVE_EXPLANATIONS_OF_CRIME_USING_SIMULATION_TO_TEST_CRIMINOLOGICAL_THEORY_">GENERATIVE EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME: USING SIMULATION TO TEST CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY*</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study demonstrates that computational modeling and, in particular, agent-based modeling (ABM) offers a viable compatriot to traditional experimental methodologies for criminology scholars. ABM can be used as a means to operationalize... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13517011" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study demonstrates that computational modeling and, in particular, agent-based modeling (ABM) offers a viable compatriot to traditional experimental methodologies for criminology scholars. ABM can be used as a means to operationalize and test hypothetical mechanisms that offer a potential explanation for commonly observed criminological phenomena. This study tests whether the hypothesized mechanisms of environmental criminology are sufficient to produce several commonly observed characteristics of crime. We present an ABM of residential burglary, simulating a world inhabited by potential targets and offenders who behave according to the theoretical propositions of environmental criminology. A series of simulated experiments examining the impact of these mechanisms on patterns of offending are performed. The outputs of these simulations then are compared with several well-established findings derived from empirical studies of residential burglary, including the spatial concentration of crime, repeat victimization, and the journey to crime curve. The results from this research demonstrate that the propositions of the routine activity approach, rational choice perspective, and crime pattern theory provide a viable generative explanation for several independent characteristics of crime. * The authors would like to thank the following people for their continued assistance, advice, and above all else, patience in the preparation of this submission: Susan Donkin, Peter Cassematis, Joe Clare, and Danielle Reynald; the anonymous reviewers for their perceptive analysis and insightful comments; and Charlotte S. Navarro and Rex Osborne for their continued inspiration and support of these ideas. Direct correspondence to</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13517011" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1382afb9393ecda9f594f573e4b7cb76" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45248057,"asset_id":13517011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45248057/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32714327" href="https://griffith.academia.edu/MichaelTownsley">Michael Townsley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32714327" type="text/json">{"id":32714327,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Townsley","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"MichaelTownsley","display_name":"Michael Townsley","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/MichaelTownsley?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13517011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13517011"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13517011, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13517011", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13517011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13517011; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13517011"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13517011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13517011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13517011; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13517011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13517011").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13517011").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13517011"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology">Criminology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189" type="text/json">{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation">Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48636" type="text/json">{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13517011]'), work: {"id":13517011,"title":"GENERATIVE EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME: USING SIMULATION TO TEST CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY*","created_at":"2015-07-01T15:24:30.255-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13517011/GENERATIVE_EXPLANATIONS_OF_CRIME_USING_SIMULATION_TO_TEST_CRIMINOLOGICAL_THEORY_?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_13517011","summary":"This study demonstrates that computational modeling and, in particular, agent-based modeling (ABM) offers a viable compatriot to traditional experimental methodologies for criminology scholars. ABM can be used as a means to operationalize and test hypothetical mechanisms that offer a potential explanation for commonly observed criminological phenomena. This study tests whether the hypothesized mechanisms of environmental criminology are sufficient to produce several commonly observed characteristics of crime. We present an ABM of residential burglary, simulating a world inhabited by potential targets and offenders who behave according to the theoretical propositions of environmental criminology. A series of simulated experiments examining the impact of these mechanisms on patterns of offending are performed. The outputs of these simulations then are compared with several well-established findings derived from empirical studies of residential burglary, including the spatial concentration of crime, repeat victimization, and the journey to crime curve. The results from this research demonstrate that the propositions of the routine activity approach, rational choice perspective, and crime pattern theory provide a viable generative explanation for several independent characteristics of crime. * The authors would like to thank the following people for their continued assistance, advice, and above all else, patience in the preparation of this submission: Susan Donkin, Peter Cassematis, Joe Clare, and Danielle Reynald; the anonymous reviewers for their perceptive analysis and insightful comments; and Charlotte S. Navarro and Rex Osborne for their continued inspiration and support of these ideas. Direct correspondence to","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45248057,"asset_id":13517011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32714327,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Townsley","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"MichaelTownsley","display_name":"Michael Townsley","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/MichaelTownsley?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80276767" data-work_id="80276767" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80276767/Juvenile_Waiver_as_a_Mechanism_of_Social_Stratification_A_Focus_on_Human_Capital_">Juvenile Waiver as a Mechanism of Social Stratification: A Focus on Human Capital*</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The historic transformations of the criminal justice system must be justified and interpreted through the effects on criminals (Maruna and Immarigeon, 2011). The push for harsher sentencing policies for juvenile offenders specifically... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80276767" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The historic transformations of the criminal justice system must be justified and interpreted through the effects on criminals (Maruna and Immarigeon, 2011). The push for harsher sentencing policies for juvenile offenders specifically through the use of juvenile waiver to criminal court is one such policy that is not well understood in terms of its effects on offenders, especially in terms of broader outcomes beyond recidivism. We use data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, which consists of a sample of adolescent offenders followed for 7 years postadjudication, to investigate the effect juvenile waiver has on human capital acquisition and yield among 557 adolescents from Maricopa County, Arizona. By using various matching specifications, our findings demonstrate that juveniles transferred to adult court experience no deleterious effects on human capital in terms of educational acquisition compared with similar youth retained in the juvenile system, yet they still earn considerably less income 7 years postadjudication. These results suggest that an important and unintended collateral consequence of juvenile waiver is an increase in social stratification potentially through labeling and labor market discrimination.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80276767" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="916d133e5f674b6eaa2dadec3eadb1ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86712321,"asset_id":80276767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86712321/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58973815" href="https://utsa.academia.edu/MeganAugustyn">Megan Augustyn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58973815" type="text/json">{"id":58973815,"first_name":"Megan","last_name":"Augustyn","domain_name":"utsa","page_name":"MeganAugustyn","display_name":"Megan Augustyn","profile_url":"https://utsa.academia.edu/MeganAugustyn?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80276767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80276767"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80276767, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80276767", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80276767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80276767; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80276767"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80276767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80276767"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80276767; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80276767]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80276767").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80276767").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80276767"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology">Criminology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189" type="text/json">{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80276767]'), work: {"id":80276767,"title":"Juvenile Waiver as a Mechanism of Social Stratification: A Focus on Human Capital*","created_at":"2022-05-30T06:26:18.899-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80276767/Juvenile_Waiver_as_a_Mechanism_of_Social_Stratification_A_Focus_on_Human_Capital_?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_80276767","summary":"The historic transformations of the criminal justice system must be justified and interpreted through the effects on criminals (Maruna and Immarigeon, 2011). The push for harsher sentencing policies for juvenile offenders specifically through the use of juvenile waiver to criminal court is one such policy that is not well understood in terms of its effects on offenders, especially in terms of broader outcomes beyond recidivism. We use data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, which consists of a sample of adolescent offenders followed for 7 years postadjudication, to investigate the effect juvenile waiver has on human capital acquisition and yield among 557 adolescents from Maricopa County, Arizona. By using various matching specifications, our findings demonstrate that juveniles transferred to adult court experience no deleterious effects on human capital in terms of educational acquisition compared with similar youth retained in the juvenile system, yet they still earn considerably less income 7 years postadjudication. These results suggest that an important and unintended collateral consequence of juvenile waiver is an increase in social stratification potentially through labeling and labor market discrimination.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86712321,"asset_id":80276767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58973815,"first_name":"Megan","last_name":"Augustyn","domain_name":"utsa","page_name":"MeganAugustyn","display_name":"Megan Augustyn","profile_url":"https://utsa.academia.edu/MeganAugustyn?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":4793,"name":"Juvenile Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile_Delinquency?f_ri=906"},{"id":564469,"name":"Juvenile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78553151" data-work_id="78553151" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78553151/Schweitzer_Reconsidered">Schweitzer Reconsidered</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As the last great philosopher of the will, Albert Schweitzer rejected the radical individualism of Nietzsche and the pessimistic-mystical detachment of Schopenhauer, and instead sought to create a true social ethic. Schweitzer's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78553151" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As the last great philosopher of the will, Albert Schweitzer rejected the radical individualism of Nietzsche and the pessimistic-mystical detachment of Schopenhauer, and instead sought to create a true social ethic. Schweitzer's particular contribution was to move further than Nietzsche to reconcile philosophy with natural science while simultaneously preserving and transforming the sense of mysticism and higher world-order principles from Schopenhauer. He joined this new cosmology to the virtue ethics of Aristotle, and recovered one key element of his ontology of becoming to transcend the Humean "is/ought" gap for ethics. The result is a philosophy that is as much biographical of Schweitzer himself as it is systematic. This result is both the strength and greatest weakness of his reverence-for-life ethic. It is tailor-made for contemporary environmental ethics: it has applications in many strands of environmental thought, including deep ecology, ecofeminism, and ecotheology, and may attract considerable interest from environmental movements that seek to cultivate deep personal conviction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78553151" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e69a9c25e0f726db27014338c9a910f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85561769,"asset_id":78553151,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85561769/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34877722" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/DavidGoodin">David Goodin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34877722" type="text/json">{"id":34877722,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Goodin","domain_name":"mcgill","page_name":"DavidGoodin","display_name":"David Goodin","profile_url":"https://mcgill.academia.edu/DavidGoodin?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34877722/10163833/11341721/s65_david.goodin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78553151 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78553151"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78553151, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78553151", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78553151 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78553151; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78553151"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78553151 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78553151"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78553151; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78553151]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78553151").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78553151").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78553151"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7695" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics">Environmental Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7695" type="text/json">{"id":7695,"name":"Environmental Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="843856" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications">Ecological Applications</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="843856" type="text/json">{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78553151]'), work: {"id":78553151,"title":"Schweitzer Reconsidered","created_at":"2022-05-05T16:42:48.556-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78553151/Schweitzer_Reconsidered?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_78553151","summary":"As the last great philosopher of the will, Albert Schweitzer rejected the radical individualism of Nietzsche and the pessimistic-mystical detachment of Schopenhauer, and instead sought to create a true social ethic. Schweitzer's particular contribution was to move further than Nietzsche to reconcile philosophy with natural science while simultaneously preserving and transforming the sense of mysticism and higher world-order principles from Schopenhauer. He joined this new cosmology to the virtue ethics of Aristotle, and recovered one key element of his ontology of becoming to transcend the Humean \"is/ought\" gap for ethics. The result is a philosophy that is as much biographical of Schweitzer himself as it is systematic. This result is both the strength and greatest weakness of his reverence-for-life ethic. It is tailor-made for contemporary environmental ethics: it has applications in many strands of environmental thought, including deep ecology, ecofeminism, and ecotheology, and may attract considerable interest from environmental movements that seek to cultivate deep personal conviction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85561769,"asset_id":78553151,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34877722,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Goodin","domain_name":"mcgill","page_name":"DavidGoodin","display_name":"David Goodin","profile_url":"https://mcgill.academia.edu/DavidGoodin?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34877722/10163833/11341721/s65_david.goodin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":7695,"name":"Environmental Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":843856,"name":"Ecological Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Applications?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77499447" data-work_id="77499447" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77499447/What_Contributes_to_College_Students_Cheating_A_Study_of_Individual_Factors">What Contributes to College Students’ Cheating? A Study of Individual Factors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To better understand the multiple individual factors that contribute to college cheating, we undertook a multivariate analysis of a national sample of 2,503 college students. Our findings indicated that demographic characteristics (e.g.,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77499447" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To better understand the multiple individual factors that contribute to college cheating, we undertook a multivariate analysis of a national sample of 2,503 college students. Our findings indicated that demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status, and year in college), character qualities (e.g., lack of self-control, others-oriented life purpose), college experience (e.g., academic preparation, extracurricular activities involvement, and working), and student perceptions and attitudes (e.g., attitude toward academic cheating, perception of faculty's actions against cheating and cheating environment) are all significantly associated with academic cheating.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77499447" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="990cf4eefb662cf529501afd63c4fdc1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84888607,"asset_id":77499447,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84888607/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51873587" href="https://baylor.academia.edu/PerryGlanzer">Perry Glanzer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51873587" type="text/json">{"id":51873587,"first_name":"Perry","last_name":"Glanzer","domain_name":"baylor","page_name":"PerryGlanzer","display_name":"Perry Glanzer","profile_url":"https://baylor.academia.edu/PerryGlanzer?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77499447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77499447"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77499447, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77499447", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77499447]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77499447").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77499447").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77499447"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics">Applied Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="906" type="text/json">{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5117" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character_Education">Character Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5117" type="text/json">{"id":5117,"name":"Character Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character_Education?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="147530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Honesty">Academic Honesty</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="147530" type="text/json">{"id":147530,"name":"Academic Honesty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Honesty?f_ri=906","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77499447]'), work: {"id":77499447,"title":"What Contributes to College Students’ Cheating? A Study of Individual Factors","created_at":"2022-04-24T17:57:41.202-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77499447/What_Contributes_to_College_Students_Cheating_A_Study_of_Individual_Factors?f_ri=906","dom_id":"work_77499447","summary":"To better understand the multiple individual factors that contribute to college cheating, we undertook a multivariate analysis of a national sample of 2,503 college students. Our findings indicated that demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status, and year in college), character qualities (e.g., lack of self-control, others-oriented life purpose), college experience (e.g., academic preparation, extracurricular activities involvement, and working), and student perceptions and attitudes (e.g., attitude toward academic cheating, perception of faculty's actions against cheating and cheating environment) are all significantly associated with academic cheating.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84888607,"asset_id":77499447,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51873587,"first_name":"Perry","last_name":"Glanzer","domain_name":"baylor","page_name":"PerryGlanzer","display_name":"Perry Glanzer","profile_url":"https://baylor.academia.edu/PerryGlanzer?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":5117,"name":"Character Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character_Education?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":147530,"name":"Academic Honesty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Honesty?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":173803,"name":"Cheating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cheating?f_ri=906"},{"id":329508,"name":"Cheating analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cheating_analysis?f_ri=906"},{"id":953669,"name":"Routledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Routledge?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77083879" data-work_id="77083879" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77083879/The_Positive_Ethical_Organization_Enacting_a_Living_Code_of_Ethics_and_Ethical_Organizational_Identity">The Positive Ethical Organization: Enacting a Living Code of Ethics and Ethical Organizational Identity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A vision of a living code of ethics is proposed to counter the emphasis on negative phenomena in the study of organizational ethics. The living code results from the harmonious interaction of authentic leadership, five key organizational... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77083879" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A vision of a living code of ethics is proposed to counter the emphasis on negative phenomena in the study of organizational ethics. The living code results from the harmonious interaction of authentic leadership, five key organizational processes (attractionselection-attrition, socialization, reward systems, decision-making and organizational learning), and an ethical organizational culture (characterized by heightened levels of ethical awareness and a positive climate regarding ethics). The living code is the cognitive, affective, and behavioral manifestation of an ethical organizational identity. We draw on business ethics literature, positive organizational scholarship, and management literature to outline the elements of positive ethical organizations as those exemplary organizations consistently practicing the highest levels of organizational ethics. In a positive ethical organization, the right thing to do is the only thing to do.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77083879" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="023725da661bc99120efc28941e2f939" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84572708,"asset_id":77083879,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84572708/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41754850" href="https://highpoint.academia.edu/PaulForshey">Paul Forshey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41754850" type="text/json">{"id":41754850,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Forshey","domain_name":"highpoint","page_name":"PaulForshey","display_name":"Paul Forshey","profile_url":"https://highpoint.academia.edu/PaulForshey?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77083879 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77083879"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77083879, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77083879", }); 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The living code results from the harmonious interaction of authentic leadership, five key organizational processes (attractionselection-attrition, socialization, reward systems, decision-making and organizational learning), and an ethical organizational culture (characterized by heightened levels of ethical awareness and a positive climate regarding ethics). The living code is the cognitive, affective, and behavioral manifestation of an ethical organizational identity. We draw on business ethics literature, positive organizational scholarship, and management literature to outline the elements of positive ethical organizations as those exemplary organizations consistently practicing the highest levels of organizational ethics. In a positive ethical organization, the right thing to do is the only thing to do.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84572708,"asset_id":77083879,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41754850,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Forshey","domain_name":"highpoint","page_name":"PaulForshey","display_name":"Paul Forshey","profile_url":"https://highpoint.academia.edu/PaulForshey?f_ri=906","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26,"name":"Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":46,"name":"Business Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Ethics?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=906","nofollow":true},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":906,"name":"Applied Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Ethics?f_ri=906"},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=906"},{"id":2347,"name":"Organizational Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Learning?f_ri=906"},{"id":2919,"name":"Organizational Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Culture?f_ri=906"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=906"},{"id":900289,"name":"Code of Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Code_of_Ethics?f_ri=906"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66645166" data-work_id="66645166" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66645166/Ebola_ethics_and_the_question_of_culture">Ebola, ethics, and the question of culture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66645166" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="639265183e02e830c347b4560fa6a076" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77755381,"asset_id":66645166,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77755381/download_file?st=MTc0MDUyODc5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4311879" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulKomesaroff">Paul Komesaroff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4311879" type="text/json">{"id":4311879,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Komesaroff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulKomesaroff","display_name":"Paul Komesaroff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulKomesaroff?f_ri=906","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4311879/1724922/2066457/s65_paul.komesaroff.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66645166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66645166"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66645166, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66645166", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66645166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget 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