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India is one of the prominent members of the BRIC economies. India’s annual growth rates of net national income at constant market price during the eighth ((1992–1997), ninth (1997–2002), tenth (2002–2007) and eleventh (2007–2012) Five-Year Plans have been as high as 6.5%, 5.4%, 7.6% and 7.5% respectively. In 2014–2015, the advance estimates of the annual growth rate of net national income at constant price were reported at 7.4%. In other words, India’s economy has grown at a relatively high rate since the initiation of the free market or New Economic Policy in 1991. The benefits of India’s new economic policy and foreign investment friendly climate, however, have been slow or negligible for the large majority of the poor. Only five countries outside Africa (Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea and Yemen) have lower “youth female literacy rates” than India, only four countries (Afghanistan, Cambodia, Haiti, Myanmar and Pakistan) do worse than India in terms of child mortality rates and none has a higher proportion of underweight children (World Development Indicators 2011). Hence, the question arises, how does the new economic policy gain acceptance in a democratic India? And how does a democratic state gain legitimacy in the face of such uneven development?","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Waquar Ahmed","url":"https://unt.academia.edu/WaquarAhmed"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2021-12-23","dateModified":"2021-12-23","datePublished":"2016-01-01","headline":"Antinomies of the Indian State","image":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"publication":"The Palgrave Handbook of Critical International Political Economy","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"unt"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65733647/Antinomies_of_the_Indian_State"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 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{"work":{"id":65733647,"created_at":"2021-12-23T12:14:26.998-08:00","from_world_paper_id":188824193,"updated_at":"2021-12-28T01:26:22.373-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The BRIC economies, that refer to Brazil, Russia, India and China, symbolize the apparent shift in global economic power away from the USA and Western Europe. India is one of the prominent members of the BRIC economies. India’s annual growth rates of net national income at constant market price during the eighth ((1992–1997), ninth (1997–2002), tenth (2002–2007) and eleventh (2007–2012) Five-Year Plans have been as high as 6.5%, 5.4%, 7.6% and 7.5% respectively. In 2014–2015, the advance estimates of the annual growth rate of net national income at constant price were reported at 7.4%. In other words, India’s economy has grown at a relatively high rate since the initiation of the free market or New Economic Policy in 1991. The benefits of India’s new economic policy and foreign investment friendly climate, however, have been slow or negligible for the large majority of the poor. Only five countries outside Africa (Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea and Yemen) have lower “youth female literacy rates” than India, only four countries (Afghanistan, Cambodia, Haiti, Myanmar and Pakistan) do worse than India in terms of child mortality rates and none has a higher proportion of underweight children (World Development Indicators 2011). Hence, the question arises, how does the new economic policy gain acceptance in a democratic India? And how does a democratic state gain legitimacy in the face of such uneven development?","publication_date":"2016,,","publication_name":"The Palgrave Handbook of Critical International Political Economy"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":null,"language":"en","title":"Antinomies of the Indian State","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":false,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3377902]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "grid"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="loswp-grid--container"><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/65733647/Antinomies_of_the_Indian_State" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="above-fold js-swp-splash-above-fold"><div class="work-card--container js-swp-control-work-card" data-entity-id="65733647"><div class="work-cover--wrapper"><div class="work-cover--container"><div class="work-cover--no-attachment-container js-swp-splash-paper-cover"><div class="work-cover--file-icon-wrapper"><img alt="paper cover icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe.icon.svg" /></div><div class="work-cover--title js-swp-splash-paper-cover-page-title">Antinomies of the Indian State</div><br /><div style="margin-top: 170px"><button class="work-cover--request-pdf-button js-request-pdf-button"><svg style="width: 14px; margin-right: 8px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="envelope" class="svg-inline--fa fa-envelope fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg>Request PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div class="work-card--content"><h1 class="work-card--title">Antinomies of the Indian State</h1><div class="work-card--pub-info">The Palgrave Handbook of Critical International Political Economy, 2016</div><a class="js-profile-link work-card--single-author" data-has-card-for-user="3377902" href="https://unt.academia.edu/WaquarAhmed?swp=tc-au-65733647"><div class="work-card--single-author-photo"><img class="Avatar--circle s65 Avatar--circle s65 Avatar--xxxs" alt="Waquar Ahmed" shape="circle" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png';" width="65" height="65" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/3377902/1138125/1425994/s65_waquar.ahmed.jpg" /></div><div class="work-card--author-name-wrapper" style="max-width: 125px; font-weight: 500; color: #4b4b4b;"><div class="u-textTruncate"><span itemprop="author">Waquar Ahmed</span></div></div></a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3377902" type="text/json">{"id":3377902,"first_name":"Waquar","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ahmed","page_name":"WaquarAhmed","domain_name":"unt","created_at":"2013-02-26T08:32:44.367-08:00","display_name":"Waquar 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Harvey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/David_Harvey"},{"id":26382,"name":"India (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India_Anthropology_"},{"id":3024,"name":"History of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_India"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx"},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":11927,"name":"Michel Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault"},{"id":30089,"name":"Neoliberalisms and the Transformation of the Cultural Sphere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalisms_and_the_Transformation_of_the_Cultural_Sphere"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography"},{"id":277,"name":"Urban Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Geography"},{"id":4808,"name":"Urban Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Planning"},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment"},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy"},{"id":57254,"name":"Wind Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind_Power"},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy"},{"id":931779,"name":"Distributed generation \u0026 energy storage systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_generation_and_energy_storage_systems"},{"id":19882,"name":"Communication Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Networks"},{"id":931780,"name":"Optic-Photonic Communication Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optic-Photonic_Communication_Networks"},{"id":931781,"name":"Laser Communication Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser_Communication_Networks"},{"id":103921,"name":"Signal and Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_and_Image_Processing"},{"id":30596,"name":"Control Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Systems"},{"id":931782,"name":"Electrical Power Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Power_Distribution"},{"id":939247,"name":"Thermal Power Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Power_Plants"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization"},{"id":53166,"name":"Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power"},{"id":13430,"name":"Social Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Exclusion"}]}</script><div class="work-card--no-attachment-details"><div style="font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px;">Abstract</div><div class="work-card--abstract js-swp-splash-abstract">The BRIC economies, that refer to Brazil, Russia, India and China, symbolize the apparent shift in global economic power away from the USA and Western Europe. India is one of the prominent members of the BRIC economies. India’s annual growth rates of net national income at constant market price during the eighth ((1992–1997), ninth (1997–2002), tenth (2002–2007) and eleventh (2007–2012) Five-Year Plans have been as high as 6.5%, 5.4%, 7.6% and 7.5% respectively. In 2014–2015, the advance estimates of the annual growth rate of net national income at constant price were reported at 7.4%. In other words, India’s economy has grown at a relatively high rate since the initiation of the free market or New Economic Policy in 1991. The benefits of India’s new economic policy and foreign investment friendly climate, however, have been slow or negligible for the large majority of the poor. Only five countries outside Africa (Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea and Yemen) have lower “youth female literacy rates” than India, only four countries (Afghanistan, Cambodia, Haiti, Myanmar and Pakistan) do worse than India in terms of child mortality rates and none has a higher proportion of underweight children (World Development Indicators 2011). Hence, the question arises, how does the new economic policy gain acceptance in a democratic India? And how does a democratic state gain legitimacy in the face of such uneven development?</div></div><div class="request-upload--container"><p class="request-upload--title">Waquar Ahmed hasn't uploaded this paper.</p><div class="request-upload--info-text"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="info-circle" class="request-upload--info-icon svg-inline--fa fa-info-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z"></path></svg><p class="no-margin hide-on-small-mobile">Let Waquar know you want this paper to be uploaded.</p><p class="no-margin hide-above-small-mobile">Ask for this paper to be uploaded.</p></div><button class="work-cover--request-pdf-button small js-request-pdf-button hide-on-desktop"><svg style="width: 14px; 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