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href="#Celtic_studies_in_the_Germanosphere_and_the_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Celtic studies in the Germanosphere and the Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celtic_studies_in_the_Germanosphere_and_the_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celtic_studies_in_the_British_Isles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic_studies_in_the_British_Isles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Celtic studies in the British Isles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Celtic_studies_in_the_British_Isles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Celtic studies in the British Isles subsection</span> </button> <ul 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cornwall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Cornwall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cornwall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celtic_studies_in_North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic_studies_in_North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Celtic studies in North America</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Celtic_studies_in_North_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Celtic studies in North America subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Celtic_studies_in_North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_United_States_of_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_United_States_of_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>In the United States of America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_United_States_of_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celtic_studies_in_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic_studies_in_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Celtic studies in France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celtic_studies_in_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celtic_studies_elsewhere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic_studies_elsewhere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Celtic studies elsewhere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celtic_studies_elsewhere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Congress_of_Celtic_Studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Congress_of_Celtic_Studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International Congress of Celtic Studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Congress_of_Celtic_Studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Areas_of_Celtic_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Areas_of_Celtic_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Areas of Celtic studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Areas_of_Celtic_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Celticists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Celticists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable Celticists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Celticists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_academic_journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_academic_journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable academic journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_academic_journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Derek_Allen_Prize" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Derek_Allen_Prize"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>The Derek Allen Prize</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Derek_Allen_Prize-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Celtic studies</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltiegour" title="Keltiegour – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Keltiegour" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astudiaethau_Celtaidd" title="Astudiaethau Celtaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Astudiaethau Celtaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltologie" title="Keltologie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Keltologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltoloogia" title="Keltoloogia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keltoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estudios_celtas" title="Estudios celtas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estudios celtas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtologie" title="Celtologie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Celtologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ann_Ceilteach" title="Léann Ceilteach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Léann Ceilteach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estudos_celtas" title="Estudos celtas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estudos celtas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кельтология – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кельтология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studhyansow_Keltek" title="Studhyansow Keltek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Studhyansow Keltek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltologie" title="Keltologie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keltologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltologi" title="Keltologi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Keltologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltologi" title="Keltologi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Keltologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtologia" title="Celtologia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Celtologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtologia" title="Celtologia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Celtologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtistic%C4%83" title="Celtistică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Celtistică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кельтология – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кельтология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltologjia" title="Keltologjia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Keltologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keltol%C3%B3gia" title="Keltológia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Keltológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araling_Seltiko" title="Araling Seltiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Araling Seltiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Кельтознавство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кельтознавство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pag-aram_hit_Celta" title="Pag-aram hit Celta – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pag-aram hit Celta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%A6" title="凯尔特学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="凯尔特学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27997#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>References.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Celtic_studies" title="Special:EditPage/Celtic studies">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Celtic_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Map_of_Celtic_Nations.svg/220px-Map_of_Celtic_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="424" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Map_of_Celtic_Nations.svg/330px-Map_of_Celtic_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Map_of_Celtic_Nations.svg/440px-Map_of_Celtic_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a>, where most Celtic speakers are now concentrated</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Celtic studies</b> or <b>Celtology</b> is the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to the <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celtic</a>-speaking peoples (i.e. speakers of <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a>). This ranges from linguistics, literature and art history, archaeology and history, the focus lying on the study of the various <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a>, living and extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiley_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary areas of focus are the six Celtic languages currently in use: <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>. </p><p>As a university subject, it is taught at a number of universities, most of them in Ireland, the United Kingdom, or France, but also in the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, Poland, Austria and the Netherlands. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Written studies of the Celts, their cultures, and their languages go back to <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical</a> Greek and Latin accounts, possibly beginning with <a href="/wiki/Hecataeus_of_Miletus" title="Hecataeus of Miletus">Hecataeus</a> in the 6th century BC<sup id="cite_ref-Wiley_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and best known through such authors as <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posidonius" title="Posidonius">Posidonius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>. Modern Celtic studies originated in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Gutenberg_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutenberg Revolution">Gutenberg Revolution</a>, when many of these classical authors were rediscovered, <a href="/wiki/Editio_princeps" title="Editio princeps">mass produced</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a>, and translated into <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiley_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Academic interest in Celtic languages grew out of comparative and historical <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, which were established at the end of the 18th century. In the 16th century, <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance humanist">Renaissance humanist</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Buchanan" title="George Buchanan">George Buchanan</a>, a native speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic language</a>, comparatively studied the <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic languages</a>. The first major breakthrough in Celtic linguistics came with the publication of <a href="/wiki/Arch%C3%A6ologia_Britannica" title="Archæologia Britannica"><i>Archaeologia Britannica</i></a> (1707) by the Welsh scholar <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lhuyd" title="Edward Lhuyd">Edward Lhuyd</a>, who was the first to recognise that <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_language_(Celtic)" class="mw-redirect" title="British language (Celtic)">Welsh, Cornish</a>, and Irish all belong to the same <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiley_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lhuyd also published an English translation of a study by <a href="/wiki/Paul-Yves_Pezron" title="Paul-Yves Pezron">Paul-Yves Pezron</a> into Gaulish. </p><p>In 1767 <a href="/wiki/James_Parsons_(physician)" title="James Parsons (physician)">James Parsons</a> published his study <i>The Remains of Japhet, being historical enquiries into the affinity and origins of the European languages</i>. He compared a 1000-word lexicon of Irish and Welsh and concluded that they were originally the same, then comparing the numerals in many other languages. </p><p>The second big leap forwards was made when <a href="/wiki/William_Jones_(philologist)" title="William Jones (philologist)">Sir William Jones</a> postulated that <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a>, Greek, Latin and many other languages including "the Celtic" derived from a common ancestral language. This hypothesis, published in <i>The Sanscrit Language</i> (1786), would later be hailed as the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-European language family">Indo-European language family</a>, from which grew the field of <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_studies" title="Indo-European studies">Indo-European studies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiley_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Jones' trail-blazing hypothesis inspired numerous linguistic studies, it was not until Bavarian linguist <a href="/wiki/Johann_Kaspar_Zeuss" title="Johann Kaspar Zeuss">Johann Kaspar Zeuss</a>'s monumental <i>Grammatica Celtica</i> (volume 1, 1851; volume 2, 1853) that any truly significant progress was made.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiley_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Written in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, the work draws on the earliest <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Welsh" title="Middle Welsh">Middle Welsh</a> and other Celtic <a href="/wiki/Primary_source" title="Primary source">primary sources</a> to construct a comparative grammar, which was the first to lay out a firm basis for Celtic <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiley_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his many other achievements, Zeuss was able to decipher and explain Old Irish verbal and grammatical rules and also definitively linked the Celtic languages to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celtic_studies_in_the_Germanosphere_and_the_Netherlands">Celtic studies in the <a href="/wiki/Germanosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanosphere">Germanosphere</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Celtic studies in the Germanosphere and the Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/German_Society_for_Celtic_Studies" title="German Society for Celtic Studies">German Society for Celtic Studies</a></div> <p>German Celtic studies (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Keltologie</i></span>) is seen by many as having been established by Johann Kaspar Zeuss (1806–1856). In 1847, he was appointed professor of <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a>. Until the middle of the 19th century, Celtic studies progressed largely as a subfield of linguistics. <a href="/wiki/Franz_Bopp" title="Franz Bopp">Franz Bopp</a> (1791–1867) carried out further studies in <a href="/wiki/Comparative_linguistics" title="Comparative linguistics">comparative linguistics</a> to link the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language">Proto-Indo-European language</a>. He is credited with having finally proven Celtic to be a branch of the Indo-European language family. From 1821 to 1864, he served as a professor of oriental literature and general linguistics in Berlin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1896, <a href="/wiki/Kuno_Meyer" title="Kuno Meyer">Kuno Meyer</a> and Ludwig Christian Stern founded the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_celtische_Philologie" title="Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie">Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie</a></i></span> (ZCP), the first academic journal solely devoted to aspects of Celtic languages and literature, and still in existence today.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second half of the century, significant contributions were made by the Orientalist <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Windisch" title="Ernst Windisch">Ernst Windisch</a> (1844–1918). He held a chair in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leipzig" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leipzig">University of Leipzig</a>; but he is best remembered for his numerous publications in the field of Celtic studies. In 1901, the Orientalist and Celtologist <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Zimmer_(Celticist)" title="Heinrich Zimmer (Celticist)">Heinrich Zimmer</a> (1851–1910) was made professor of Celtic languages at <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Friedrich Wilhelm University</a> in Berlin, the first position of its kind in Germany. He was followed in 1911 by <a href="/wiki/Kuno_Meyer" title="Kuno Meyer">Kuno Meyer</a> (1858–1919), who, in addition to numerous publications in the field, was active in the Irish independence movement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Perhaps the most important German-speaking Celticist was Swiss scholar <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Thurneysen" title="Rudolf Thurneysen">Rudolf Thurneysen</a> (1857–1940). A student of Windisch and Zimmer, Thurneysen was appointed to the chair of comparative linguistics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">University of Freiburg</a> in 1887; he succeeded to the equivalent chair at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bonn" title="University of Bonn">University of Bonn</a> in 1913. His notability arises from his work on <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish" title="Old Irish">Old Irish</a>. For his masterwork, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Handbuch des Altirischen</i></span> ("Handbook of Old Irish", 1909), translated into English as <i>A Grammar of Old Irish</i>, he located and analysed a multitude of Old Irish manuscripts. His work is considered as the basis for all succeeding studies of Old Irish.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1920, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Pokorny" title="Julius Pokorny">Julius Pokorny</a> (1887–1970) was appointed to the chair of Celtic languages at <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Friedrich Wilhelm University</a>, Berlin. Despite his support for centrist <a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">German nationalism</a> and membership in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Germany" title="Catholic Church in Germany">Catholic Church in Germany</a>, he was forced out of his university position by the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a> on account of his Jewish ancestry. He subsequently fled as a <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a> to Switzerland but returned to Germany in 1955 to teach at Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. In Berlin, he was succeeded in 1937 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_M%C3%BChlhausen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Mühlhausen (page does not exist)">Ludwig Mühlhausen</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_M%C3%BChlhausen" class="extiw" title="de:Ludwig Mühlhausen">de</a>]</sup>, a devout Nazi.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Celtic studies predominantly continued in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Austrian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Austrian Republic">Second Austrian Republic</a>. Studies in the field continued at Freiburg, Bonn, <a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>; however, an independent professorship in Celtic studies has not been instituted anywhere. In this period, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Hartmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Hartmann (page does not exist)">Hans Hartmann</a>, Heinrich Wagner and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Meid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Meid (page does not exist)">Wolfgang Meid</a> made notable contributions to the scientific understanding of the boundaries of the Celtic language area and the location of the homeland of the Celtic peoples. In what became <a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a> chair in Celtic languages at what was renamed <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Humboldt University">Humboldt University</a> has remained unoccupied since 1966. </p><p>Today, Celtic studies is only taught at a handful of German universities, including those of Bonn,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Trier" title="University of Trier">Trier</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">Mannheim</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg_University_of_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz">Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Philipps_University_of_Marburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipps University of Marburg">Philipps University of Marburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only Marburg, Vienna and Bonn maintain formal programs of study, but even then usually as a subsection of comparative or general linguistics. Only Marburg offers an M.A. course specifically in Celtic Studies. No Celtic studies research has taken place in the former centres of Freiburg, Hamburg or Berlin since the 1990s. The last remaining chair in Celtic studies, that at <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Humboldt University of Berlin</a>, was abolished in 1997.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The only Chair of Celtic studies in Continental Europe is at <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht University</a> (in the Netherlands).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established in 1923, when Celtic studies were added to the Chair of Germanic studies on the special request of its new professor <a href="/wiki/A._G._van_Hamel" title="A. G. van Hamel">A. G. van Hamel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celtic_studies_in_the_British_Isles">Celtic studies in the British Isles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Celtic studies in the British Isles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Celtic studies are taught in universities in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. These studies cover language, history, archaeology and art. In addition, Celtic languages are taught to a greater or lesser extent in schools in Wales, the island of Ireland, Scotland, Cornwall and the Isle of Man. </p><p>The formal study of Celtic Studies at British universities in the late nineteenth century gave rise to the establishment of chairs for Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Rh%C5%B7s" title="John Rhŷs">John Rhŷs</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Professor_of_Celtic" title="Jesus Professor of Celtic">Jesus Professor of Celtic</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, in 1874 and for <a href="/wiki/Donald_MacKinnon_(Celtic_scholar)" title="Donald MacKinnon (Celtic scholar)">Donald MacKinnon</a>, first Chair of Celtic at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>, in 1882. Institutions in the United Kingdom that have Celtic Studies departments and courses are: the Universities of Aberdeen, Aberystwyth, Bangor, Cambridge, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Exeter (which houses the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cornish_Studies" title="Institute of Cornish Studies">Institute of Cornish Studies</a>), Glasgow, Oxford, Swansea, Trinity St David's, Queen's University Belfast, Ulster University, the University of the Highlands and Islands and the University of Wales, <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Advanced_Welsh_and_Celtic_Studies" title="Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies">Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies</a>. The top five rated degree-awarding programmes/departments as of 2017 are; (1) Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (2) Welsh and Celtic Studies at <a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor University</a> (3) Welsh and Celtic Studies at <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a> (4) Celtic and Gaelic at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a> (5) Irish and Celtic Studies at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University,_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's University, Belfast">Queen's University, Belfast</a>. </p><p>A major funder of Celtic Studies doctoral studies in the United Kingdom is the AHRC-funded Centre for Doctoral Training in the Celtic Languages, which admitted PhD students in the period 2014–2019. The CDT in Celtic Languages is administered through Celtic and Gaelic at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a> and its director is Prof. <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Forsyth" title="Katherine Forsyth">Katherine Forsyth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_Studies_XIV_International_Congress_Maynooth_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Celtic_Studies_XIV_International_Congress_Maynooth_2011.jpg/300px-Celtic_Studies_XIV_International_Congress_Maynooth_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Celtic_Studies_XIV_International_Congress_Maynooth_2011.jpg/450px-Celtic_Studies_XIV_International_Congress_Maynooth_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Celtic_Studies_XIV_International_Congress_Maynooth_2011.jpg/600px-Celtic_Studies_XIV_International_Congress_Maynooth_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6801" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Scholars at the XIV International Congress of Celtic Studies, Maynooth 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Celtic studies and <a href="/wiki/Irish_studies" title="Irish studies">Irish studies</a> are taught in universities in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>. These studies cover language, history, archaeology and art. In addition, the Irish language is taught to a greater or lesser extent in schools across the island of Ireland. </p><p>The beginning of Celtic Studies as a university subject in Ireland might be dated to <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Curry" title="Eugene O'Curry">Eugene O'Curry</a>'s appointment as professor of Irish history and archaeology at the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Ireland" title="Catholic University of Ireland">Catholic University of Ireland</a> in 1854. In the republic, Celtic Studies, either as full Celtic Studies programmes or as Irish language programmes, are now offered in the <a href="/wiki/NUI_Galway" class="mw-redirect" title="NUI Galway">National University of Ireland, Galway</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a> (the successor institution to the Catholic University), <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland_Maynooth" class="mw-redirect" title="National University of Ireland Maynooth">National University of Ireland, Maynooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of Limerick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Immaculate_College" title="Mary Immaculate College">Mary Immaculate College, Limerick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin_City_University" title="Dublin City University">Dublin City University</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies" title="Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies">Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies</a> (DIAS), School of Celtic Studies, is a research institution but does not award degrees. DIAS and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a> are leading publishers of Celtic Studies research, including the journals <i><a href="/wiki/Celtica_(journal)" title="Celtica (journal)">Celtica</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu_(journal)" title="Ériu (journal)">Ériu</a></i>. </p><p>In Northern Ireland, <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's University Belfast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster University</a> offer Celtic studies programmes. In Northern Ireland, Queen's University Belfast and Ulster University also offer Celtic studies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1874, <a href="/wiki/Donald_MacKinnon_(Celtic_scholar)" title="Donald MacKinnon (Celtic scholar)">Donald MacKinnon</a> became the first Chair of Celtic studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>, in 1882. Aberdeen, Glasgow and the University of the Highlands and Islands also have Celtic studies departments. </p><p>A major funder of UK Celtic Studies doctoral studies is the AHRC-funded Centre for Doctoral Training in the Celtic Languages, which admitted PhD students in the period 2014–2019. The CDT in Celtic Languages is administered through Celtic and Gaelic at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a> and its director is Prof. <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Forsyth" title="Katherine Forsyth">Katherine Forsyth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wales">Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Jesus Professor of Celtic at the University of Oxford was <a href="/wiki/John_Rh%C5%B7s" title="John Rhŷs">John Rhŷs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales" title="University of Wales">University of Wales</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Advanced_Welsh_and_Celtic_Studies" title="Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies">Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies</a>, also covering <a href="/wiki/Welsh_studies" title="Welsh studies">Welsh studies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cornwall">Cornwall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cornwall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cornish_Studies" title="Institute of Cornish Studies">Institute of Cornish Studies</a> is based in Falmouth, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celtic_studies_in_North_America">Celtic studies in North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Celtic studies in North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In North America, Celtic scholars and students are represented professionally by the Celtic Studies Association of North America.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Canada">In Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several universities in Canada offer some Celtic studies courses, while only two universities offers a full B.A. as well as graduate courses. <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_College,_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Michael's College, Toronto">St. Michael's College</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier_University" title="St. Francis Xavier University">St. Francis Xavier University</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offers the only B.A. of its kind in Canada with a dual focus on Celtic literature and history, while the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Institute_of_Mediaeval_Studies" title="Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies">Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offers courses at a graduate level through their Centre for Medieval Studies, along with <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Xavier_University" title="St. Francis Xavier University">St. Francis Xavier University</a>. </p><p>Other Canadian universities which offer courses in Celtic, Scottish or Irish studies include <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_University" title="Cape Breton University">Cape Breton University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_University,_Halifax" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Mary's University, Halifax">Saint Mary's University, Halifax</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fraser_University" title="Simon Fraser University">Simon Fraser University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Guelph" title="University of Guelph">University of Guelph</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_States_of_America">In the United States of America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In the United States of America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> is notable for its Doctorate program in Celtic studies.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Celtic studies are also offered at the universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Milwaukee" title="University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee">Wisconsin-Milwaukee</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">California–Berkeley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">California–Los Angeles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bard_College" title="Bard College">Bard College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many others,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including programs in which a student may minor, like at the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Charleston" title="College of Charleston">College of Charleston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some aspects of Celtic studies can be accessed through Irish Studies programmes, such as at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celtic_studies_in_France">Celtic studies in France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Celtic studies in France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1804, the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_celtique" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie celtique">Académie Celtique</a> was founded with the goal of unearthing the <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gallic</a> past of the French people. France also produced the first <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journal</a> devoted to Celtic studies, <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_Celtique" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue Celtique">Revue Celtique</a></i>. <i>Revue Celtique</i> was first published in 1870 in Paris and continued until the death of its last editor, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Loth" title="Joseph Loth">Joseph Loth</a>, in 1934. After that point it was continued under the name <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tudes_Celtiques" title="Études Celtiques">Études Celtiques</a></i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Brittany" title="University of Western Brittany">University of Western Brittany</a> (Brest) offers a two-year, international European-Union certified master's degree course entitled "Celtic languages and Cultures in Contact". It is part of the Centre for Breton and Celtic Research (CRBC). Closely linked to this MA programme, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Brittany" title="University of Western Brittany">University of Western Brittany</a> organizes an intensive two-week Summer School in Breton Language and Cultural Heritage Studies every year in June. This Summer School is also sponsored by the CRBC and welcomes scholars from around the world with an interest in the Celtic (and minority) languages and cultures to study Breton, the least known of the living Celtic languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celtic_studies_elsewhere">Celtic studies elsewhere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Celtic studies elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Celtic studies are also taught at other universities elsewhere in Europe, including the <a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">Charles University in Prague</a> (Czech Republic),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pozna%C5%84" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Poznań">University of Poznań</a> (Poland),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (Poland), <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a> (Russia),<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a> (Sweden)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Irish studies are taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Burgos" title="University of Burgos">University of Burgos</a> (Spain)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_A_Coru%C3%B1a" title="University of A Coruña">University of A Coruña</a> (<a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Galicia also has its own <a href="/wiki/Galician_Institute_for_Celtic_Studies" title="Galician Institute for Celtic Studies">Institute for Celtic Studies</a>. </p><p>Celtic Studies are taught at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> (Australia),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also hosts the triennial Australian Conference of Celtic Studies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Congress_of_Celtic_Studies">International Congress of Celtic Studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International Congress of Celtic Studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The International Congress of Celtic Studies is the foremost academic conference in the field of Celtic Studies and is held every four years. It was first held in Dublin in 1959. The XV International Congress of Celtic Studies was held at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a> in 2015. In 2019, the XVI ICCS was held at <a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor University</a> and the XVII ICCS will be held at <a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht University</a> in 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_Celtic_studies">Areas of Celtic studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Areas of Celtic studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Archaeology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Linguistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Historical_linguistics" title="Historical linguistics">historical linguistics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Ethnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies">Folklore</a></li> <li>History</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_literature" title="Celtic literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">Onomastics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">Toponymy</a>)</li> <li>Religious studies (see <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a>)</li> <li>Political science</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Celticists">Notable Celticists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable Celticists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osborn_Bergin" title="Osborn Bergin">Osborn Bergin</a> (1873–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Binchy" title="D. A. Binchy">D. A. Binchy</a> (1899–1989)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liam_Breatnach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liam Breatnach (page does not exist)">Liam Breatnach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bromwich" title="Rachel Bromwich">Rachel Bromwich</a> (1915–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lorne_Campbell" title="John Lorne Campbell">John Lorne Campbell</a> (1906-1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carey_(Celticist)" title="John Carey (Celticist)">John Carey (Celticist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Kershaw_Chadwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Nora Kershaw Chadwick">Nora Chadwick</a> (1891–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Owen_Clancy" title="Thomas Owen Clancy">Thomas Owen Clancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dooley" title="Ann Dooley">Ann Dooley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maartje_Draak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maartje Draak (page does not exist)">Maartje Draak</a> (1907–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Charles-Edwards" title="Thomas Charles-Edwards">Thomas Charles-Edwards</a> (born 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Berresford_Ellis" title="Peter Berresford Ellis">Peter Berresford Ellis</a> (born 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_%C3%89lu%C3%A8re" title="Christiane Éluère">Christiane Éluère</a> (born 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Evans" title="Ellis Evans">Ellis Evans</a> (1930–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Flower" title="Robin Flower">Robin Flower</a> (1881–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Forsyth" title="Katherine Forsyth">Katherine Forsyth</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Idris_Foster" title="Idris Foster">Idris Foster</a> (1911–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fraser_(Celticist)" title="John Fraser (Celticist)">John Fraser</a> (1882–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gendall" title="Richard Gendall">Richard Gendall</a> (1924–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_George" title="Ken George">Ken George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Geraint_Gruffydd" title="R. Geraint Gruffydd">R. Geraint Gruffydd</a> (1928–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Gerard_van_Hamel" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Gerard van Hamel">Anton Gerard van Hamel</a> (1886–1945)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marged_Haycock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marged Haycock (page does not exist)">Marged Haycock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ire_Herbert" title="Máire Herbert">Máire Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Hughes_(historian)" title="Kathleen Hughes (historian)">Kathleen Hughes</a> (1926–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Hurlstone_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson">Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson</a> (1909–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jenner" title="Henry Jenner">Henry Jenner</a> (1848–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobi_Jones" title="Bobi Jones">Bobi Jones</a> (1929–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimund_Karl" title="Raimund Karl">Raimund Karl</a> (born 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fergus_Kelly" title="Fergus Kelly">Fergus Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Knott" title="Eleanor Knott">Eleanor Knott</a> (1886–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macbain" title="Alexander Macbain">Alexander Macbain</a> (1855–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proinsias_Mac_Cana" title="Proinsias Mac Cana">Proinsias Mac Cana</a></li> <li>Fr. <a href="/wiki/Allan_MacDonald_(poet)" title="Allan MacDonald (poet)">Allan MacDonald</a> (1859-1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Maier_(religious_studies_professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernhard Maier (religious studies professor)">Bernhard Maier</a> (born 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranko_Matasovi%C4%87" title="Ranko Matasović">Ranko Matasović</a> (born 1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_McCone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim McCone (page does not exist)">Kim McCone</a> (born 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_McKiernan" title="Eoin McKiernan">Eoin McKiernan</a> (1915–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuno_Meyer" title="Kuno Meyer">Kuno Meyer</a> (1858–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morris-Jones" title="John Morris-Jones">John Morris-Jones</a> (1864–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morton_Nance" title="Robert Morton Nance">Robert Morton Nance</a> (1873–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ir%C3%ADn_N%C3%AD_Dhonnchadha" title="Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha">Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1ire_N%C3%AD_Mhaonaigh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Máire Ní Mhaonaigh (page does not exist)">Máire Ní Mhaonaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Newton_(Gaelic_scholar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Newton (Gaelic scholar) (page does not exist)">Michael Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnchadh_%C3%93_Corr%C3%A1in" title="Donnchadh Ó Corráin">Donnchadh Ó Corráin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_%C3%93_Cu%C3%ADv" title="Brian Ó Cuív">Brian Ó Cuív</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breand%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Madagain" class="mw-redirect" title="Breandán Ó Madagain">Breandán Ó Madagain</a> (1932–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roibeard_%C3%93_Maolalaigh" title="Roibeard Ó Maolalaigh">Roibeard Ó Maolalaigh</a> (born 1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecile_O%27Rahilly" title="Cecile O'Rahilly">Cecile O'Rahilly</a> (1894–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._F._O%27Rahilly" title="T. F. O'Rahilly">T. F. O'Rahilly</a> (1883–1953)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfydd_E._Owen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morfydd E. Owen (page does not exist)">Morfydd E. Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Pokorny" title="Julius Pokorny">Julius Pokorny</a> (1887–1970)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Rh%C5%B7s" title="John Rhŷs">John Rhŷs</a> (1840–1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schrijver" title="Peter Schrijver">Peter Schrijver</a> (born 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ailbhe_Mac_Shamhr%C3%A1in" title="Ailbhe Mac Shamhráin">Ailbhe Mac Shamhráin</a> (1954–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fay_Shaw" title="Margaret Fay Shaw">Margaret Fay Shaw</a> (1903-2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Sims-Williams" title="Patrick Sims-Williams">Patrick Sims-Williams</a> (born 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_Sjoestedt" title="Marie-Louise Sjoestedt">Marie-Louise Sjoestedt</a> (1900–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Stokes_(Celtic_scholar)" title="Whitley Stokes (Celtic scholar)">Whitley Stokes</a> (1830–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stowell" title="Brian Stowell">Brian Stowell</a> (1936–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taylor_(historian)" title="Thomas Taylor (historian)">Thomas Taylor</a> (1858–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derick_Thomson" title="Derick Thomson">Derick Thomson</a> (1921–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Thurneysen" title="Rudolf Thurneysen">Rudolf Thurneysen</a> (1857–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvert_Watkins" title="Calvert Watkins">Calvert Watkins</a> (1933–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glanmor_Williams" title="Glanmor Williams">Glanmor Williams</a> (1920–2005)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Ifor_Williams" title="Ifor Williams">Ifor Williams</a> (1881–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._E._Caerwyn_Williams" title="J. E. Caerwyn Williams">J. E. Caerwyn Williams</a> (1912–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Williams_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Williams (poet)">Nicholas Williams</a> (born 1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Windisch" title="Ernst Windisch">Ernst Windisch</a> (1844–1918)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Wulff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winifred Wulff (page does not exist)">Winifred Wulff</a> (1895–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Kaspar_Zeuss" title="Johann Kaspar Zeuss">Johann Kaspar Zeuss</a> (1806–1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Zimmer_(Celticist)" title="Heinrich Zimmer (Celticist)">Heinrich Zimmer</a> (1851–1910)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_academic_journals">Notable academic journals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable academic journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_celtische_Philologie" title="Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie">Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie</a></i> (ZCP), est. 1896, Halle.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revue_Celtique" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue Celtique">Revue Celtique</a></i> (RC), est. 1870, Paris; continued after 1934 by <i>Études celtiques</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu_(journal)" title="Ériu (journal)">Ériu</a></i> est. 1904, Dublin.</li> <li><i>The <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Board_of_Celtic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies">Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies</a></i> (BBCS), est. 1921, Cardiff; merged with <i>Studia Celtica</i> in 1993.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tudes_Celtiques" title="Études Celtiques">Études Celtiques</a></i> (EC), est. 1936, Paris.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celtica_(journal)" title="Celtica (journal)">Celtica. Journal of the School of Celtic Studies</a></i>, est. 1949, Dublin.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Studia_Celtica" title="Studia Celtica">Studia Celtica</a></i>, est. 1966, Cardiff.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89igse" title="Éigse">Éigse. A Journal of Irish Studies</a></i>, est. 1939, Dublin.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cambrian_Medieval_Celtic_Studies" title="Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies">Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies</a></i> (CMCS), est. 1993, Aberystwyth; formerly <i>Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peritia" title="Peritia">Peritia. Journal of the Medieval Academy of Ireland</a></i>, Cork.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Derek_Allen_Prize">The Derek Allen Prize</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Derek Allen Prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Derek_Allen_Prize" title="Derek Allen Prize">Derek Allen Prize</a>, awarded annually by the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a> since 1977, rotates between Celtic Studies, Numismatics and Musicology. Recent winners in the field of Celtic Studies include: Prof. <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ire_Herbert" title="Máire Herbert">Máire Herbert</a> (2018), Prof. Pierre-Yves Lambert (2015) and Prof. Fergus Kelly (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prof. Herbert is the first female Celticist to be awarded this prize. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_American_Cultural_Institute" title="Irish American Cultural Institute">Irish American Cultural Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_studies" title="Irish studies">Irish studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_studies" title="Scottish studies">Scottish studies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wiley-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wiley_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiley_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiley_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiley_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiley_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiley_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wiley_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiley, "Celtic studies, early history of the field" (2006).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBusse" class="citation book cs1">Busse. "Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie". In Koch (ed.). <i>Celtic Culture</i>. p. 1823.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+celtische+Philologie&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture&rft.pages=1823&rft.au=Busse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504163855/https://www.keltologie.uni-bonn.de/">"Celtic Studies at the University of Bonn"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keltologie.uni-bonn.de">the original</a> on 4 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celtic+Studies+at+the+University+of+Bonn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keltologie.uni-bonn.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-trier.de/index.php?id=23039">"Celtic Studies"</a> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celtic+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-trier.de%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D23039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.george-broderick.de">"Current Courses"</a> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Current+Courses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.george-broderick.de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003071616/http://www.fask.uni-mainz.de/inst/ssc/ssc.html">"Scottish Studies Centre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fask.uni-mainz.de/inst/ssc/ssc.html">the original</a> on 3 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+Studies+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fask.uni-mainz.de%2Finst%2Fssc%2Fssc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102141129/http://www.uni-marburg.de/studium/studgang/ki/ki10sprawikel-mag-pr.pdf">"Celtic Studies prospectus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-marburg.de/studium/studgang/ki/ki10sprawikel-mag-pr.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celtic+Studies+prospectus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-marburg.de%2Fstudium%2Fstudgang%2Fki%2Fki10sprawikel-mag-pr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100225130233/http://www.univie.ac.at/keltologie/">"Celtic Studies"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univie.ac.at/keltologie">the original</a> on 25 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celtic+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2Fkeltologie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uu.nl/bachelors/keltische-talen-en-cultuur">"Keltische talen en cultuur"</a> [Celtic Languages and Culture] (in Dutch). 5 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Keltische+talen+en+cultuur&rft.date=2016-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uu.nl%2Fbachelors%2Fkeltische-talen-en-cultuur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000915110244/http://www.let.uu.nl/keltisch/">"Celtic languages and culture"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.let.uu.nl/keltisch/">the original</a> on 15 September 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celtic+languages+and+culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.let.uu.nl%2Fkeltisch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneiders2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schneiders, Marc (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inghist.nl/Onderzoek/Projecten/BWN/lemmata/bwn5/hamel">"Hamel, Anton Gerard van (1886–1945)"</a>. <i>Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland</i>. Vol. 5. Den Haag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hamel%2C+Anton+Gerard+van+%281886%E2%80%931945%29&rft.btitle=Biografisch+Woordenboek+van+Nederland&rft.place=Den+Haag&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Schneiders&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inghist.nl%2FOnderzoek%2FProjecten%2FBWN%2Flemmata%2Fbwn5%2Fhamel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2015" class="citation web cs1">Moore, Dr David (13 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/welsh-history-month-sir-john-10248491">"Welsh History Month: Sir John Rhŷs, the founder of modern Celtic studies"</a>. <i>Wales Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wales+Online&rft.atitle=Welsh+History+Month%3A+Sir+John+Rh%C5%B7s%2C+the+founder+of+modern+Celtic+studies&rft.date=2015-10-13&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Dr+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Flifestyle%2Fnostalgia%2Fwelsh-history-month-sir-john-10248491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wales.ac.uk/centre-advanced-welsh-and-celtic-studies">"Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies"</a>. <i>University of Wales</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Wales&rft.atitle=Centre+for+Advanced+Welsh+and+Celtic+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wales.ac.uk%2Fcentre-advanced-welsh-and-celtic-studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celticstudies.org">Celtic Studies Association of North America</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stfx.ca/faculties/arts/celtic_studies/">Celtic Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101010162437/http://www.stfx.ca/faculties/arts/celtic_studies">Archived</a> 10 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utoronto.ca/stmikes/celticstudies">Celtic Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070427094324/http://www.utoronto.ca/stmikes/celticstudies">Archived</a> 27 April 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbu.ca/cbu/_main/default_main.asp?topic=programs&id=celtic_studies&menu=School%20of%20Arts%20and%20Community%20Studies">Celtic Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927072846/http://www.cbu.ca/cbu/_main/default_main.asp?topic=programs&id=celtic_studies&menu=School%20of%20Arts%20and%20Community%20Studies">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130907071151/http://www.smu.ca/academic/arts/irish/">"Saint Mary's University – Irish Studies – Home"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smu.ca/academic/arts/irish">the original</a> on 7 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Mary%27s+University+%E2%80%93+Irish+Studies+%E2%80%93+Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smu.ca%2Facademic%2Farts%2Firish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfu.ca/scottish/">"Centre for Scottish Studies – Simon Fraser University"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Centre+for+Scottish+Studies+%E2%80%93+Simon+Fraser+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfu.ca%2Fscottish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uoguelph.ca/scottish/">"Centre for Scottish Studies"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Centre+for+Scottish+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uoguelph.ca%2Fscottish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009150914/http://www.modernlanguages.uottawa.ca/celtic.html">"Research – Department of Modern Languages and Literatures – University of Ottawa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernlanguages.uottawa.ca/celtic.html">the original</a> on 9 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research+%E2%80%93+Department+of+Modern+Languages+and+Literatures+%E2%80%93+University+of+Ottawa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernlanguages.uottawa.ca%2Fceltic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~celtic">Department of Celtic Languages and Literatures</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/celtic/">Center for Celtic Studies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ls.berkeley.edu/dept/celtic/">Celtic Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070504114750/http://ls.berkeley.edu/dept/celtic/">Archived</a> 4 May 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/celtic/">Celtic Studies</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bard.edu/academics/programs/programs.php?id=964490&pid=770">Irish and Celtic Studies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209082337/http://www.bard.edu/academics/programs/programs.php?id=964490&pid=770">Archived</a> 9 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/education/the-definitive-list-of-irish-studies-programs-united-states-and-canada">date=24 June 2014.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://study.com/gaelic_studies_schools.html">"Gaelic Studies Schools and Colleges in the U.S."</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> 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class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philol.msu.ru/rus/kaf/germphil/2.htm">Department of Germanic and Celtic Linguistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080403060138/http://www.philol.msu.ru/rus/kaf/germphil/2.htm">Archived</a> 3 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uu.se/Adresser/HL2_1.html">The Celtic Section at Uppsala</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080416035911/http://www.uu.se/Adresser/HL2_1.html">Archived</a> 16 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110901200411/http://193.147.33.52/amergin/index.php?page=what-is-amergin">Archived</a> 2011-09-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sydney.edu.au/arts/celtic_studies/">"Celtic Studies – Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences – The University of Sydney – Australia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celtic+Studies+%E2%80%93+Faculty+of+Arts+and+Social+Sciences+%E2%80%93+The+University+of+Sydney+%E2%80%93+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsydney.edu.au%2Farts%2Fceltic_studies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/prizes-medals/derek-allen-prize/">"The Derek Allen Prize"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Derek+Allen+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishacademy.ac.uk%2Fprizes-medals%2Fderek-allen-prize%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Busse, Peter E. "<i>Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>. In <i>Celtic Culture. A Historical Encyclopedia</i>, ed. J.T. Koch. 5 vols: vol. 5. Santa Barbara et al., 2006. p. 1823.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brown, Terence (ed.). <i>Celticism</i>. Studia imagologica 8. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1996.</li> <li>Fischer, Joachim and John Dillon (eds.). <i>The correspondence of Myles Dillon, 1922–1925: Irish-German relations and Celtic studies</i>. Dublin: Four Courts, 1999.</li> <li>Huther, Andreas. <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'In Politik verschieden, in Freundschaft wie immer': The German Celtic scholar Kuno Meyer and the First World War". In <i>The First World War as a clash of cultures</i>, ed. Fred Bridgham. Columbia (SC): Camden House, 2006. pp. 231–44. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57113-340-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-57113-340-2">1-57113-340-2</a>.</li> <li>Koch, John T. "Celtic Studies". In <i>A century of British medieval studies</i>, ed. Alan Deyermond. British Academy centenary monographs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. pp. 235–61. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726395-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726395-2">978-0-19-726395-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070321144234/http://www.rhs.ac.uk/bibl/wwwopac.exe">RHS record</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMac_Mathúna2006" class="citation journal cs1">Mac Mathúna, Séamus (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.54586%2FASMH5209">"The History of Celtic Scholarship in Russia and the Soviet Union"</a>. <i>Studia Celto-Slavica</i>. <b>1</b>: 3–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.54586%2FASMH5209">10.54586/ASMH5209</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Celto-Slavica&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Celtic+Scholarship+in+Russia+and+the+Soviet+Union&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=3-41&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.54586%2FASMH5209&rft.aulast=Mac+Math%C3%BAna&rft.aufirst=S%C3%A9amus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.54586%252FASMH5209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeek2001" class="citation journal cs1">Meek, Donald E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/article/view/9547">"<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span><i>Beachdan Ura à Inbhir Nis</i>/ New opinions from Inverness': Alexander MacBain (1855–1907) and the foundation of Celtic studies in Scotland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Society_of_Antiquaries_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland">Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland</a></i>. <b>131</b>: 23–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.9750%2FPSAS.131.23.39">10.9750/PSAS.131.23.39</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0081-1564">0081-1564</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163998566">163998566</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+of+Antiquaries+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=%27Beachdan+Ura+%C3%A0+Inbhir+Nis%2F+New+opinions+from+Inverness%27%3A+Alexander+MacBain+%281855%E2%80%931907%29+and+the+foundation+of+Celtic+studies+in+Scotland&rft.volume=131&rft.pages=23-39&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163998566%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0081-1564&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.9750%2FPSAS.131.23.39&rft.aulast=Meek&rft.aufirst=Donald+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.socantscot.org%2Findex.php%2Fpsas%2Farticle%2Fview%2F9547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ó Lúing, Seán. <i>Celtic studies in Europe and other essays</i>. Dublin: Geography Publications, 2000.</li> <li>Schneiders, Marc and Kees Veelenturf. <i>Celtic studies in the Netherlands: a bibliography</i>. Dublin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celt.dias.ie/publications/cat/a/a5.html">DIAS</a>, 1992.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims-Williams1998" class="citation journal cs1">Sims-Williams, Patrick (1998). "Celtomania and Celtoscepticism". <i><a href="/wiki/Cambrian_Medieval_Celtic_Studies" title="Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies">Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies</a></i>. <b>36</b>: 1–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambrian+Medieval+Celtic+Studies&rft.atitle=Celtomania+and+Celtoscepticism&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=1-35&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Sims-Williams&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeltic+studies" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wiley, Dan. "Celtic studies, early history of the field". In <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopaedia</i>, ed. J. T. Koch. Santa Barbara et al., 2006.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celtic_studies&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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title="Sinology">Sinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_studies" title="Slavic studies">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_studies" title="Somali studies">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_studies" title="Southeast Asian studies">Southeast Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_studies" title="Syriac studies">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_studies" title="Taiwan studies">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkology" title="Turkology">Turkology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_studies" title="Ukrainian studies">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_studies" title="Welsh studies">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_studies" title="Yugoslav studies">Yugoslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_studies" title="Zhuang studies">Zhuang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;list;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_studies" title="Area studies">Area studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">Cultural studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_by_location" title="Category:Culture by location">Culture by location</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_studies" title="Ethnic studies">Ethnic studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">Ethnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_culture" title="Official culture">Official culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture" title="Political culture">Political culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_culture" title="Super culture">Super culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_culture" title="Vernacular culture">Vernacular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Celts" title="Template:Celts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Celts" title="Template talk:Celts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Celts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Celts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Celtic studies</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Celtic tribes</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Ancient Celtic ethnic groups</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Celts" title="Names of the Celts">Names</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontii" title="Lepontii">Lepontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celtic ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Bretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic diaspora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh diaspora">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic" title="Anglo-Celtic">Anglo-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_round_dogs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/100px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/150px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/200px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dálriata</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brigantia_(ancient_region)" title="Brigantia (ancient region)">Brigantia (ancient region)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" title="Hen Ogledd">Hen Ogledd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Iron Age Gaul</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britonia" title="Britonia">Britonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania" title="Celts in Transylvania">Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_paganism" title="Proto-Celtic paganism">Proto-Celtic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_deities" title="Celtic deities">Celtic deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Animism" title="Celtic Animism">Celtic Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_stone_idols" title="Celtic stone idols">Celtic stone idolss</a>* <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Monasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Celtic_temple" title="Romano-Celtic temple">Romano-Celtic temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Celtic_pagan_practices" title="Template:Celtic pagan practices">Practices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brehon" title="Brehon">Brehon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Celtic festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_women" title="Ancient Celtic women">Celtic women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celticisation" title="Celticisation">Celticisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name" title="Chief of the Name">Chief of the Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbfine" title="Derbfine">Derbfine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief" title="Scottish clan chief">Clan chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fili" class="mw-redirect" title="Fili">Fili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">Tanistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seancha%C3%AD" title="Seanchaí">Seanchaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept" title="Sept">Sept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic warfare">Warfare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_coinage" title="Celtic coinage">Coinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Celtic_Christianity" title="Neo-Celtic Christianity">Neo-Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Neopaganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Neo-Druidism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a> definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> (<span title="Breton-language text"><i lang="br">Breizh</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (<span title="Cornish-language text"><i lang="kw">Kernow</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Éire</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> (<span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mannin</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (<span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Alba</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cymru</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Y Wladfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_literature" title="Celtic literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_literature" title="Breton literature">Breton literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_literature" title="Cornish literature">Cornish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Scottish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Welsh-language literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">Welsh literature in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Irish annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brittany" title="Culture of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Culture of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Brooches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragonesque_brooch" title="Dragonesque brooch">Dragonesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Knotwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High crosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_leaf-crown" title="Celtic leaf-crown">Leaf-crowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_maze" title="Celtic maze">Mazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">Torcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">Triple spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Dress">Celtic Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_clothing" title="Irish clothing">Gaelic clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">Highland dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">Tartan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highland culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_music" title="Ancient Celtic music">Ancient Celtic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="National_music_scenes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National music scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Gaeaf" title="Calan Gaeaf">Calan Gaeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a>/<a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Fair_y_Canhwyllau" title="Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau">Gŵyl Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gathering_Day" title="Gathering Day">Calan Awst</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Interceltique_de_Lorient" title="Festival Interceltique de Lorient">Festival Interceltique de Lorient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Celtic_Festival" title="Pan Celtic Festival">Pan Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Celtic_Festival" title="Hebridean Celtic Festival">Hebridean Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Connections" title="Celtic Connections">Celtic Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Media_Festival" title="Celtic Media Festival">Celtic Media Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bataireacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataireacht">Bataireacht</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_handball" title="Welsh handball">Welsh handball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Breton_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Breton nationalism">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Brittany" title="Reunification of Brittany">reunification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Cornwall" title="Constitutional status of Cornwall">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx nationalism">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Orkney,_Shetland_and_the_Western_Isles" title="Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles">Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_devolution" title="Cornish devolution">Cornish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Welsh devolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton independence">Breton independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_society" title="Celtic society">Celtic society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic unity">Celtic unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungi_dialect" title="Bungi dialect">Bungi Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurla_Reagaird" title="Beurla Reagaird">Beurla Reagaird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Celtic_languages" title="Continental Celtic languages">Ancient Celtic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Proto-Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Proto-Goidelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecian_language" title="Gallaecian language">Gallaecian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontic_language" title="Lepontic language">Lepontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Noric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Celtic_languages" title="Hispano-Celtic languages">Hispano-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine Gaulish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arran_Gaelic" title="Arran Gaelic">Arran Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeside_Gaelic" title="Deeside Gaelic">Deeside Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galwegian_Gaelic" title="Galwegian Gaelic">Galwegian Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law_and_Warfare" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Early Irish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Cyfraith Hywel</a> (Medieval Welsh law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scots_law" title="History of Scots law">Early Scots law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cateran" title="Cateran">Ceathairne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_(soldier)" title="Kern (soldier)">Ceithearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna" title="Fianna">Fianna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaesatae" title="Gaesatae">Gaesatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallowglass" title="Gallowglass">Gallóglaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobelar" title="Hobelar">Hobelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshank_(soldier)" title="Redshank (soldier)">Redshanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimarcisia" title="Trimarcisia">Trimarcisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Lists of English words of Celtic origin">Celtic words in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Spanish words of Celtic origin">– in Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Galician words of Celtic origin">– in Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of French words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish words in French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Galicia" title="List of Celtic place names in Galicia">Celtic place names in Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Italy" title="List of Celtic place names in Italy">– in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Portugal" title="List of Celtic place names in Portugal">– in Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Celts" title="Portal:Celts">Celts portal</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/16px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/24px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/32px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" 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