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Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Special:EditPage/List of Spanish words of Celtic origin">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+Spanish+words+of+Celtic+origin%22">"List of Spanish words of Celtic origin"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+Spanish+words+of+Celtic+origin%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+Spanish+words+of+Celtic+origin%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+Spanish+words+of+Celtic+origin%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+Spanish+words+of+Celtic+origin%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+Spanish+words+of+Celtic+origin%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (January 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> This is a list of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> words of <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> origin. It is further divided into words that are known (or thought) to have come from <a href="/wiki/Gaulish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaulish language">Gaulish</a> and those that have come from an undetermined <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> source. Some of these words existed in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> as <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> from a Celtic source. Some of these words have alternate <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymologies</a> and may also appear on a list of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> words from a different <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a>. Any form with an <a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a> (*) is unattested and therefore <a href="/wiki/Hypothesis" title="Hypothesis">hypothetical</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List">edit</a>]</div> From English: <ul><li>túnel "<a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunnel</a>"</li></ul> From French: <ul><li>bachiller "graduate", from French bachelier and this from late Latin baccalaureatus "<a href="/wiki/Bachelor" title="Bachelor">bachelor</a>".</li> <li>batalla "<a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">battle</a>". From bataille from battualia "<a href="/wiki/Parade_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parade (military)">military drill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>," from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> battuere, see batir below.</li> <li>billar "<a href="/wiki/Billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards">billiard</a>".</li> <li>brigada "<a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a>"</li> <li>broche "<a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">brooch</a>, clasp, clip". From <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> broche "a <a href="/wiki/Spit_(cooking_aide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spit (cooking aide)">spit</a>," from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> (*)brocca "a <a href="/wiki/Nail_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nail (engineering)">nail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_spike" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail spike">spike</a>," from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> broccus, brocchus "a nail, projecting (<a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adj.</a>), buck-toothed (<a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adj.</a>)" from Celtic (*)brokko- "a <a href="/wiki/Pin_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin (device)">pin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">badger</a>."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">coñac</a> "<a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a>"</li> <li>crema "<a href="/wiki/Cream" title="Cream">cream</a>" from French crème</li> <li>debate "dispute, quarrel". from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> debat "discussion, <a href="/wiki/Controversy" title="Controversy">controversy</a>, contest" (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">Modern French</a> débat, from debattre, debatre, "to fight, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestle</a>, struggle," from de- + battre, batre "to fight, strike," from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> battere, battuere, see batir above.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmen</a> from French dolmen</li> <li>embajador "<a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassador</a>" and this from gaulish ambi-actos "who serves around".</li> <li>jabalina, from Middle French javeline, diminutive of javelot; akin to Irish gabhla "spear", Welsh gaflach "dart", Breton gavelod</li> <li>tenería "tannery", from French tannerie, from tan "tanbark"; akin to Breton tann "red oak", Old Cornish tannen, Old and Modern Irish tinne "mass of metal from furnace; metal bar, ingot"; (ogham letter) "holly, elder".</li> <li>pingüino "penguin" from fr. pingouin.</li> <li>tonel "<a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">barrel</a>" from French tonel and this from Celtic *tunna "skin"</li> <li>tonelada "<a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a>" see *tonel</li> <li>truhán "buffoon, jester" from French truand</li></ul> From Italian: <ul><li>brocado "<a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocade</a>". From <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> broccato, from brocco "a twist thread, <a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sprouting" title="Sprouting">sprout</a>," see bróculi below.</li> <li>brócoli "<a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a>". From <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> broccoli, <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> of broccolo, "<a href="/wiki/Sprouting" title="Sprouting">sprout</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a>/<a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnip</a>" <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> of brocco "<a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoot</a>, sprout," from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> (*)brocca, see broche above.</li></ul> From Late or Vulgar Latin: <ul><li>abedul "<a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch tree</a>" from late Latin betula "birch", diminutive of Gaulish betuā "birch"; akin to Old Irish bethe, Irish/Scottish beith, Manx beih, Welsh bedw, Breton bezv. The a of abedul is by the influence of Spanish abeto "<a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">fir tree</a>.</li> <li>álamo "<a href="/wiki/White_poplar" title="White poplar">white poplar</a>"</li> <li>alondra "<a href="/wiki/Lark" title="Lark">lark</a>" (OSp aloa) from gaulish alauda</li> <li>alosa "<a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">shad</a>"</li> <li>ambuesta</li> <li>amelga "plot of land marked for planting"</li> <li>añicos "shards, smithereens"</li> <li>arpende "<a href="/wiki/Arpent" title="Arpent">arpent</a>" (OSp arapende) from Latin arapennis "old measure"</li> <li>banzo "cross-bar" from common Celtic wankios}</li> <li>baranda "railing, balustrade"</li> <li>bazo "<a href="/wiki/Spleen" title="Spleen">spleen</a>" from Latin badios "red"</li> <li>beleño "<a href="/wiki/Henbane" class="mw-redirect" title="Henbane">henbane</a>" from gaulish beleniom "henbane"</li> <li>belesa "leadwort"</li> <li>berrendo "bicolor(ed) (animal); pronghorn bull"</li> <li>berro "<a href="/wiki/Watercress" title="Watercress">watercress</a>" from common Celtic *beruro "watercress"</li> <li>berrueco, barrueco "granitic crag, irregular pearl, round nodule"</li> <li>betún "<a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">tar</a>" from Latin *bitumen</li> <li>bezo "big lip"</li> <li>bodollo "pruning hook"</li> <li>boque/*buco "<a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">billy-goat</a>, buck"</li> <li>bosta "dung" from *boud-sta (PIE *gwou- "excrement") Proto-Celtic: boud-ro "dirty"</li> <li>breca "<a href="/wiki/Common_pandora" title="Common pandora">common pandora</a>" from Celtic *brĭcco "spotted, speckled"</li> <li>OSp bren "bran; filth"</li> <li>breña "scrubland"</li> <li>brezo "<a href="/wiki/Calluna" title="Calluna">heather</a>"</li> <li>británico "British"</li> <li>brizo "cradle, lap"</li> <li>bruja "<a href="/wiki/Witch" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch">witch</a>"</li> <li>buco "<a href="/wiki/Billy_goat" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy goat">billy goat</a>" from a Celtic *bukko</li> <li>bustar "cow pasture"</li> <li>camba "standard, sheth (of plow)", cambija "water tower"</li> <li>cambriano "<a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a>"</li> <li>camino "way" from Celtic *camanos through lat. caminus</li> <li>cantiga "song"</li> <li>carro "<a href="/wiki/Cart" title="Cart">cart</a>"</li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cayo" class="extiw" title="wikt:cayo">cayo</a></li> <li>centollo "spider crab"</li> <li>colmado</li> <li>colmena "<a href="/wiki/Beehive" title="Beehive">beehive</a>"</li> <li>combleza "mistress, home-wrecker"</li> <li>correa "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/belt" class="extiw" title="wikt:belt">belt</a>"</li> <li>corro "circle"</li> <li>cresa "maggot"</li> <li>cueto "<a href="/wiki/Hillock" title="Hillock">hillock</a>"</li> <li>duerna "trough"</li> <li>engorar "to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Addle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Addle (page does not exist)">addle</a>"</li> <li>eranela</li> <li>galga "large stone"</li> <li>gallardo "<a href="/wiki/Gaillard" title="Gaillard">gaillard</a>" from French gaillard</li> <li>gancho "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hook" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Hook">hook</a>"</li> <li>garra "claw, talon"</li> <li>garza "heron"</li> <li>gavilla "handful"</li> <li>germánico "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Germanic" class="extiw" title="wikt:Germanic">Germanic</a>"</li> <li>gladíola/gladiola</li> <li>greña "stubborn or tangled hair"</li> <li>gubia through the Latin gulbia from Celtic *gulbia</li> <li>güero ~ huero "vain, vacuous, without substance"</li> <li>landa "open field"</li> <li>lanza "<a href="/wiki/Lance" title="Lance">lance</a>"</li> <li>lanzar "to launch"</li> <li>lata "tin, tin can"</li> <li>légamo "slime, mud"</li> <li>legua "<a href="/wiki/League_(unit)" title="League (unit)">league (unit)</a>"</li> <li>lía "dregs, lees"</li> <li>llanta</li> <li>loja, locha</li> <li>losa "<a href="/wiki/Flagstone" title="Flagstone">flagstone</a>" from hisp-Celtic *lausa "flagstone"</li> <li>mina "<a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mine</a>" through the Latin mina. However asturian mena 'vein' directly from Celtic *mena.</li> <li>páramo "<a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">moorland</a>"</li> <li>pieza "piece" from Celtic *pĕttĭa through the Latin pĕtia.</li> <li>pingüino "<a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">penguin</a>"</li> <li>pinzón "finch"</li> <li>pote "pot"</li> <li>quéjigo "Portuguese oak"</li> <li>raya "line"</li> <li>rodaballo "brill, seabass"</li> <li>sábalo "<a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">shad</a>"</li> <li>sabueso "<a href="/wiki/Hound" title="Hound">hound</a>"</li> <li>saya "<a href="/wiki/Tunic" title="Tunic">tunic</a>", *sayo "<a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">cloak</a>" through the Latin sagium from Celtic *sagos</li> <li>sel "mountain pasture, commons"</li> <li>serna "ploughed or sown field"</li> <li>soga "rope"</li> <li>taladro "auger, drill"</li> <li>tanino "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanine (page does not exist)">tanine</a>"</li> <li>tarugo "wooden peg"</li> <li>tejón "<a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">badger</a>"</li> <li>tenería</li> <li>terco "stubborn"</li> <li>tollo "mire, muddy place"</li> <li>tona</li> <li>tranca "cudgel, club"</li> <li>trapo "rag"</li> <li>varga "straw- or thatch-roofed hut"</li> <li>varón "man"</li> <li>vasallo "<a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a>" from Celtic *vassallos "servant" through the Latin vassallus</li> <li>vereda "path" from Celtic *voretom through the Latin vereda "way"</li> <li>yezgo, yiezgo "dwarf elder"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inherited_Hispano-Celtic">Inherited <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano-Celtic">Hispano-Celtic</a></h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inherited Hispano-Celtic">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>acarrear to <a href="/wiki/Cart" title="Cart">cart</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a>: from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ad-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ad- (page does not exist)">a-</a> + carro (see carro' below) + the <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verbal</a> <a href="/wiki/Infinitive" title="Infinitive">infinitive</a> <a href="/wiki/Suffix_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffix (linguistics)">suffix</a> -ar.</li> <li>álamo "white poplar" (also Asturian llamera); akin to Irish leamhán "elm", Welsh llwyf, Cornish elow, Breton evlec'h "elm"</li> <li>alondra "lark" (OSp aloa), from Gaulish alauda "crest lark", derivative of *ala "swan", akin to Irish eala and Welsh alarch</li> <li>ambuesta, (also Catalan embosta, almosta), from Gaulish ambostā "hands together"; akin to Old Irish imbas</li> <li>amelga, (also Galician embelga) from *ambelica, from ambi "around" + el- "to go" + -ica; akin to Old Irish adellaim "to visit, go to", Welsh elo "I went", Cornish ella "he was going"</li> <li>añicos "smithereens" (also Galician anaco, Old Catalan anyoc), from *ann- + -acos</li> <li>Old Spanish arapende "arpent"; akin to Old Irish airchenn "end, extremity", Welsh arbenn "chief" and erbyn "against", Cornish erbynn "id."</li> <li>banzo "cross-bar", (also Galician banzo) from *wankio "bar, beam"; akin to Irish féige "ridgepole"</li> <li>baranda "railing, balustrade", (also Portuguese varanda, Catalan barana) from *varandā, from *rannā "part, portion"; Welsh rhan, Cornish/Breton rann, Irish roinn</li> <li>beleño "henbane", from belenion (<a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Aristotle" title="Pseudo-Aristotle">Pseudo-Aristotle</a>, De plantis, 7.821); akin to Welsh bela "henbane", Old Irish béal "sun"</li> <li>belga "of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, a Belgian": from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> Belga, singular of <a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a>, from Gaulish Belgae, possibly meaning "the threatening (ones), the swollen (ones)," the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">IE</a> <a href="/wiki/Root_(linguistics)" title="Root (linguistics)">root</a> *bʰel-ǵʰ- (cf. Dutch belgen 'to worsen', originally 'to swell'), enlargement of *bʰel- "to <a href="/wiki/Swelling_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swelling (medical)">swell</a>";<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> akin to Old Irish bolgaid '(s)he swells'.</li> <li>berrendo "bicolor; pronghorn", originally just "pronghorn", from *barrovindos "white-tipped", from *barros "tip, peak" + vindos "white"; akin to Irish/Breton barr "peak", Cornish/Welsh bar "id."; also Old Irish find, Ir/Sc fionn, Welsh gwyn, Breton gwenn</li> <li>berro "watercress", (also Galician berro) from *beruro; akin to Welsh berwr, Breton/Cornish beler, Old Irish birar, Irish biolar, Scottish Gaelic biolaire</li> <li>berrueco "granite crag, cliff", from ver "over" and rocca "rock"</li> <li>berzo (dial.) (also Old Spanish brizo, Galician berce), from *bertium "load"; akin to Irish/Scottish beárt "load", bertaim "to rock"</li> <li>bezo "big lip, lip blubber" (also Galician beizo "lip"), from OSp beço "snout", from *beiccion "animal's mouth", from *baicciō "to yell"; akin to Old Irish béccim, Irish béic ‘yell, roar’, Scottish beuc, Welsh beichio ‘to low, sob’, Cornish begi ‘to bray’, Breton begiad ‘to bleat’</li> <li>bodollo (Huesca) "pruning hook", from *vidubion (also French vouge, Occitan vezoig); akin to Welsh gwyddif "billhook", Cornish gwydhyv "id.", Irish fiodhbha "sickle", Breton gouzifiad "boar-spear"</li> <li>breña "scrubland; rocky terrain", from *brigna, from briga "fortress"; akin to Middle Irish brí, <a href="/wiki/Genitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Genitive">genitive</a> brig "mountain", Scottish breaghe "fortified hill", Welsh bre "hill", bryn "id", Cornish bre, brenn "hill", Breton bre "hill", bern "brooch, prickles"</li> <li>brezo "heather" (also Navarre beruezo, Galician breixo, Asturian berezu), from OSp bruezo, from *brocceus, from brūcus, from HispCelt *vroicos; akin to Welsh/Cornish grug (< *wrūcos < *wroicos), Middle Breton groegan, Old Irish froích, fróech, Irish fraoch. Similarly, Catalan bruc, Occitan bruga, Milanese brüg < *brūca.</li> <li>bruja "witch" (also Portuguese bruxa, Aragonese broixa, Catalan bruixa), from *bruxtia, from *brixta "magic"; akin to Middle Welsh brith-ron "magic wand", Breton bre "witch, magic", breoù "spells, charms", Old Irish brichtu "charms", brigim "to light up, illuminate", Brigit "shining one".</li> <li>brusco is from Italian brusco "sharp, tart, rough" and has two possible etymologies: <ul><li>either it is akin to Welsh brysg "nimble, lively", Irish/Scottish briosg "to be surprised, to jump for joy"</li> <li>or it is from Medieval Latin bruscus "butcher's broom plant", a blend of Latin ruscus "butcher's broom" and <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> brucus "heather"</li></ul></li> <li>bustar "cow pasture" (OSp busto "meadow, cowfield", Portuguese bostar, Old Galician busto "dairy farm; herd"), from Celtiberian boustom "byre, cowshed" (Old Irish búas "wealth in cattle") and aro "field" (cf. Irish ár, Welsh âr, Cornish/Breton ar)</li> <li>camba "standard, sheth (of a plow)", cambija "water tower" (also Galician and Portuguese canga "yoke", Galician camba "wheel rim"), from *camba "crooked, bent", feminine of *cambos; akin to Old Irish camm 'crooked', Irish/Scottish cam, Welsh cam, Cornish/Breton kam "curved, bent"; Welsh camedd "tire rim", Breton kammed, both from *camijo.</li> <li>cargar= to <a href="/wiki/Stevedore" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevedore">load</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">charge</a>, to charge with a <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a>, to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carry" class="extiw" title="wikt:carry">carry</a>: from <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> carricare "to load," from carrus, see carro below.</li> <li>carril= a <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highway</a> <a href="/wiki/Lane" title="Lane">lane</a>: from carro, see carro below.</li> <li>carro= <a href="/wiki/Cart" title="Cart">cart</a>, cartload, <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">car</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">streetcar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coach_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (vehicle)">coach</a>: from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> carrus from Gaulish carros, from the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">IE</a> <a href="/wiki/Root_(linguistics)" title="Root (linguistics)">root</a> (*)kers- "to run".<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li>centollo "spider crab", (also Galician centolo, Portuguese santola) from Celtic cintu "first" + ollos "large, big", referring to the fact it is larger than more common species of crabs; akin to Breton kent "before", Cornish kens, kyns "before, early", Welsh cynt "id.", Irish céad "first"; and Middle Irish oll "big, large", Welsh/Cornish oll "all, entire"</li> <li>colmena "beehive" (also Portuguese colmeia, Galician colmea), from *colmēnā "made from straw", from *colmos "straw" (cf. Leonese cuelmo "straw"); akin to Breton kolo "stalk" (MBr koloff)</li> <li>combleza "mistress, home-wrecker", (also Old Galician combooça) from OSp comblueça ~ conborça, from *combortia, from *com-berō "to take"; akin to Welsh cymeryd, cymryd 'to take', Breton kemer, komer, Cornish kemeres 'to take', Irish cobirth 'help'</li> <li>combo "bent", from *combos; akin to</li> <li>correa= <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/belt" class="extiw" title="wikt:belt">belt</a>, from Gallo-Latin corrigia "strap" (compare also Galician corre "twisted twig using as a bond"); akin to Old Irish cuimrech "fetter", Scottish cuibhreach "bond, chain", Welsh cyfrwy "saddle", Middle Welsh kyfreieu "leashes", Cornish kevrenn "fastening, link", Breton kevre "link, bond"</li> <li>corro "circle"; akin to Middle Irish cor "circle", corrán "sickle", Welsh cor "circle", Cornish kor "hedge, boundary; turn, shift"</li> <li>cresa "maggot" (also Galician careixa), older queresa "maggot", from *carisia "decay"; akin to Old Irish doro-chair "to fall", Irish torchair, Scottish torchuir</li> <li>duerna "trough" (also Galician dorna), from *durnos "hand"; akin to Irish dorn, Welsh dwrn, Breton dourn</li> <li>engorar "to addle", in OSp "to brood" (also Galician gorar "to brood, sit on eggs"); akin to Old Irish gorid 'to warm', Welsh/Cornish gori 'to brood, sit (on eggs)', Breton goriñ</li> <li>galga "large stone", from *gallicā, from *gallos; akin to Old Irish gall 'stone pillar', gallán 'standing stone'</li> <li>gancho "hook" (also French jachère "fallow field"), from *ganscio "small curved branch"; akin to Old Irish gesca "branch"</li> <li>garra "claw, talon"; akin to Welsh gar "leg", Corn/Bret garr "leg, stalk, stem", Old Irish gairri "calves of the leg", Irish cara</li> <li>garza "heron" (also Portuguese garça), from *cárcia; akin to Welsh crychydd, Cornish kerghydh, Breton kerc'heiz</li> <li>gavilla "handful", from gabella, from *gabali; akin to Irish gabhaim "to take", Welsh gafael "to grasp, hold", Cornish gavel; also Welsh gefel "tongs", Breton/Cornish gevel, Old Irish gabál</li> <li>greña (OSp greñón "hair, beard"), from *grennos; akin to Old Irish grend "beard", Irish greann, Welsh grann "eyelid", Breton gourenn</li> <li>gubia "gouge" (also Portuguese goiva, French gouge), from *gulbia; akin to Old Irish gulba "sting", Scottish gilb "chisel", Old Welsh gilb "piercer", Welsh gylf "beak", Old Breton golb "beak", Breton golv "tailless"</li> <li>güero ~ huero "vain, vacuous, without substance", from dialectal gorar "to brood, sit on eggs" (see engorar above)</li> <li>legua "league", from Late Latin leucas; akin to Old Irish líe (gen. líac) "stone", Irish liag</li> <li>lía "dregs, lees", légamo "slime, mud" (liga ~ lidia ~ liria "birdlime", Basque lekeda), from *liga; Old Breton leh 'silt, deposit', Breton lec'hi 'dregs', Welsh llai 'silt, deposit'</li> <li>Old Spanish mañero 'sterile, infertile', from *mannuarius, derivative of Latin mannus 'dwarf horse' (cf. Portuguese maninho 'sterile'), from Gaulish *mandos (cf. Basque mando 'mule')</li> <li>mina "mine", from *mēna (also Asturian mena "vein"), from *meina "ore"; akin to Welsh mwyn "ore", Cornish moen, Irish míanach</li> <li>páramo "moor", attested as parami, from *par- + -amus (superlative).<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li> <li>pinzón "finch" (var. pinchón; also Catalan pinsà, Occitan quinçon, Tuscan pincióne) from Gaulish pinciō(ne); akin to Welsh pinc, Breton pint</li> <li>quejigo "Portuguese oak", from earlier cajigo, from Asturian caxigu (also Aragonese caxico, caixico "oak", Galician caxigo "Portuguese oak"), from *cass- (cf. Gascon casse, French chêne) + -ico; akin to Middle Irish cas "curly, gnarled", cassaim "to bend", Irish cas "to twist, turn, spin", Old Welsh cascord, Welsh cosgordd "twist"</li> <li>rodaballo "brill, seabass", from *rota-ballos "round-limbed", from rota "wheel, circle" + ballos "limb"; akin to Old Irish roth, Welsh rhod, Cornish ros, Breton rod and Irish ball "limb", Welsh balleg ‘sack, purse’, Cornish ballek ‘bow-net’</li> <li>sábalo "shad" (also Portuguese sável, Catalan saboga, Galician sable), from *sabolos; akin to Old Irish sam "summer", Welsh haf, Breton hañv, Cornish hav, with typical Celtic m > b lenition</li> <li>saya; akin to Middle Irish sén "snare", semmen "rivet", Welsh hoenyn "snare", hemin "rivet"</li> <li>sel, from *sedlon "seat"; akin to Old Welsh hadl</li> <li>serna "tilled or sown field" (also Old Galician senara, Galician senra, Portuguese seara), from *senaro, from *sen "separate, apart" + *aro "field"; akin to Old Irish sain "alone", Welsh han "other", Cornish honan "self, one's own", and Irish ár, Welsh âr, Cornish/Breton ar.</li> <li>soga (also Portuguese/Italian soga, Old French seuwe), from Gaulish *sōca; akin to Welsh/Cornish syg "chain", Breton sug "harness trace", Irish suag "rope", Scottish sùgan "straw rope"</li> <li>taladro, (also Galician trado) from *taratron; akin to Welsh taradr "drill", Irish tarachair, Cornish tarder, Breton tarar</li> <li>tarugo, from *tarūcon; akin to Scottish tarag, tarrag "nail, stud"</li> <li>tejón "badger" (also Portuguese texugo, Catalan teixó, toixó, Old French taisson, Italian tasso), from OSp texón, from Gaulish *taskios; akin to Old Irish (person's name) Tadg "badger", Scottish taghan "marten", Old Welsh (person's name) Teuhuant</li> <li>terco "stubborn" (also Catalan enterch 'stiff, rigid', Béarnais terc 'cruel, treacherous', Italian terchio, tirchio 'miserly, crude'), from *tercos; akin to Middle Irish terc, Welsh taerc 'miserly, scarce'</li> <li>tollo "mire, muddy place" (also Catalan toll "pool in a river", Galician tol "dam"), from *tollos; akin to Irish/Cornish toll "hole", Welsh twll, Breton toull</li> <li>tona, from Galician tona "skin, bark", from Gaulish *tunna, "skin, hide, rind"; akin to Old Irish tonn "skin, surface", Irish tonn "hide, skin", Welsh ton "skin", Cornish ton "surface", Breton tonnen "rind, surface". From the same source came Late Latin tunna 'wine-cask',<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> whence French tonne 'tun' (wine-cask)', tonneau 'barrel'.</li> <li>tranca "club, cudgel" (also Portuguese/Galician tranca "door bolt"), from *tarinca; akin to Old Irish tairinge "iron nail, tine", Irish tairne "metal nail", Scottish tairnge "nail"</li> <li>truhán "jester, baffoon" (also Portuguese truão, Galician trogo "sadness, pity", French truand "vagrant, beggar"); akin to Old Irish tróg "miserable", Irish trogha, Scottish truagh, Welsh tru "wretched", Breton truc "beggar", Cornish troc "miser; wretched"</li> <li>varga (also Portuguese/Catalan barga "wattle hut", dial. French barge "haybale, straw heap"), from barga (Lat fundus bargae, in Tabula Veleiana, c. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style>a.d. 2nd century); akin to Middle Irish barc "fort; woodhouse"</li> <li>yezgo, yiezgo "elder" (also Asturian eldu, Galician engo, Occitan augué, êgou), from older yedgo, iedgo, from *edecus, alteration of Gaulish odecus, odicus (<a href="/wiki/Marcellus_Empiricus" title="Marcellus Empiricus">Marcellus Empiricus</a>, De medicamentis liber, 7.13), which was also loaned into German Attich "dwarf elder, danewort", <a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon" title="Old Saxon">Old Saxon</a> aduk, Dutch hadik.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loanwords">Loanwords</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Loanwords">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>abatir to lower, to knock down, to <a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">humble</a>: from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> abbattuere to <a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">demolish</a>, knock down, overthrow: from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ad-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ad- (page does not exist)">ad-</a> + <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> battuere, see batir below. The d is <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilation (linguistics)">assimilated</a> to the b in battuere.</li> <li>abomaso <a href="/wiki/Abomasum" title="Abomasum">abomasum</a>: from <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Modern Latin</a> abomasum (first used in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> in 1706) from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> ab- + omasum "<a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestine</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">ox</a>," possibly from Gaulish.</li> <li>abrochar to <a href="/wiki/Button_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Button (clothing)">button</a>, fasten: from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ad-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ad- (page does not exist)">a-</a> + broche "a button" (see broche below) + the <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verbal</a> <a href="/wiki/Infinitive" title="Infinitive">infinitive</a> <a href="/wiki/Suffix_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffix (linguistics)">suffix</a> -ar.</li> <li>atolladero a <a href="/wiki/Mud" title="Mud">muddy</a> place, <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">bog</a>: from atollar "to dirty to soil," from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ad-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ad- (page does not exist)">a-</a> + tollo "mire, muddy place" (possibly from a Celtic word represented in <a href="/wiki/Old_Irish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Irish language">Old Irish</a> toll "hole, pit, <a href="/wiki/Grave_(burial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grave (burial)">grave</a>") + the <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verbal</a> <a href="/wiki/Infinitive" title="Infinitive">infinitive</a> <a href="/wiki/Suffix_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffix (linguistics)">suffix</a> -ar.</li> <li>bachiller a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor" title="Bachelor">bachelor</a>: from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> bacheler "bachelor, <a href="/wiki/Youth" title="Youth">young</a> <a href="/wiki/Man" title="Man">man</a>, young <a href="/wiki/Gentleman" title="Gentleman">gentleman</a>" (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">Modern French</a> bachelier), from <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> "an advanced <a href="/wiki/Student" title="Student">student</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">farmer</a>," probably from Celtic, possibly related to <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> bachlach "<a href="/wiki/Rural" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural">rural</a> dweller, farmer."</li> <li>batalla <a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">battle</a>, struggle: from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> (*)battalia "<a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">combat</a>," from <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> battualia "<a href="/wiki/Parade_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parade (military)">military drill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>," from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> battuere, see batir below.</li> <li>batería <a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">battery</a>: from <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> batterie (originally referred to a battery of <a href="/wiki/Kitchen_utensil" title="Kitchen utensil">kitchen utensils</a> made with a <a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">hammer</a>), from battre, from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> battere, battuere, see batir below.</li> <li>batir to hit, strike: from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> battere, battuere, "to beat, strike," probably of Celtic origin.</li> <li>batuta an <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a> <a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">conductor</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Baton_(conducting)" title="Baton (conducting)">baton</a>: from <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> battuta, from battere, from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> battere, battuerre, see batir above.</li> <li>bohemio a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bohemian" class="extiw" title="wikt:bohemian">bohemian</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia#Etymology" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vagabond_(person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagabond (person)">vagabond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eccentricity_(behavior)" title="Eccentricity (behavior)">eccentric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gitano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Gypsy</a>: from bohemio/Bohemia (from the belief that the <a href="/wiki/Gitanos" title="Gitanos">Gitanos</a> came from Bohemia), from Latin Boihaemum, literally "place of the Boi/<a href="/wiki/Boii" title="Boii">Boii</a>", from tribal name Boii + -haemum from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Germanic</a> *xaim- "home" (see bohemio <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Germanic_origin#Germanic" title="List of Spanish words of Germanic origin">here</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Boii#Etymology_and_name" title="Boii">etymology of Boii</a> is disputed, either "cattle-owners" or "warriors, strikers".</li> <li>brécoles <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a></li> <li>británico from Latin britannicus, from Britannia; akin to Welsh pryd "form", Irish cruth</li> <li>broca from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> (*)brocca "a <a href="/wiki/Nail_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nail (engineering)">nail</a></li> <li>brocado a <a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">brocade</a>: from <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> broccato, from brocco "a twist thread, <a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sprouting" title="Sprouting">sprout</a>," see bróculi below.</li> <li>broche <a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">brooch</a>, clasp, clip, <a href="/wiki/Fastener" title="Fastener">fastener</a>: from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> broche "a <a href="/wiki/Spit_(cooking_aide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spit (cooking aide)">spit</a>," from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> (*)brocca "a <a href="/wiki/Nail_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nail (engineering)">nail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_spike" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail spike">spike</a>," from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> broccus, brocchus "a nail, projecting (<a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adj.</a>), buck-toothed (<a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adj.</a>)" from Celtic (*)brokko- "a <a href="/wiki/Pin_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin (device)">pin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">badger</a>."</li> <li>bróculi <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a>: from <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> broccoli, <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> of broccolo, "<a href="/wiki/Sprouting" title="Sprouting">sprout</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a>/<a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnip</a>" <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> of brocco "<a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">shoot</a>, sprout," from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> (*)brocca, see broche above.</li> <li>combatir to engage in <a href="/wiki/Combat" title="Combat">combat</a>, to fight: from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Con-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Con- (page does not exist)">com-</a> + see batir above.</li> <li>conejo <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a>: Iberian or Celtiberian; cf Irish coinín, Cornish conyn, Manx coneeyn, Gaelic coineanach, Welsh cwningen.</li> <li>debate a <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate</a>, dispute, quarrel: from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> debat "discussion, <a href="/wiki/Controversy" title="Controversy">controversy</a>, contest" (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">Modern French</a> débat), from debattre, debatre, "to fight, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestle</a>, struggle," from de- + battre, batre "to fight, strike," from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> battere, battuere, see batir above.</li> <li>jabalina, from Middle French javeline, diminutive of javelot; akin to Irish gabhla "spear", Welsh gaflach "dart", Breton gavelod</li> <li>teneria "tannery", from French tannerie, from tan "tanbark"; akin to Breton tann "red oak", Old Cornish tannen, Old and Modern Irish tinne "mass of metal from furnace; metal bar, ingot; (ogham letter) "holly, alder".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistic history of Spanish">Linguistic history of Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Galician words of Celtic origin">List of Galician words of Celtic origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Basque/Iberian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish words of Basque/Iberian origin">List of Spanish words of Basque/Iberian origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Spanish_origin" title="List of English words of Spanish origin">List of English words of Spanish origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Lists of English words of Celtic origin">Lists of English words of Celtic origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of French words of Gaulish origin">List of French words of Gaulish origin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051227164800/http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE51.html">"Homework Help and Textbook Solutions | bartleby"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE51.html">the original</a> on 2005-12-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homework+Help+and+Textbook+Solutions+%26%23124%3B+bartleby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F61%2Froots%2FIE51.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Spanish+words+of+Celtic+origin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE228.html">"Mass Media Essay Topics | Bartleby"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mass+Media+Essay+Topics+%26%23124%3B+Bartleby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F61%2Froots%2FIE228.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Spanish+words+of+Celtic+origin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> This word is known in the native lexicon of the Celtiberian region in Roman times in names and adjectives: PARAMI (CIL II 266), and the town Segontia Paramica. The word could belong to a Hispanic Celtic language which preserved the phoneme /p/ or to another Western Indo-European language as <a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_language" title="Lusitanian language">Lusitanian</a> (X. Ballester "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.continuitas.org/texts/ballester_paramo.pdf'">Páramo' o del problema de la */P/ en celtoide"</a>, Studi celtici 3, 2004, 45-56). </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buscon.rae.es/draeI/SrvltConsulta?TIPO_BUS=3&LEMA=tona">DRAE: 'tona'</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Cornelius Joseph Crowly, "New Linguistic Date for Hispano-Celtic: An Evaluation", Bono Homini Donum: Essays in Historical Linguistics in Memory of J. Alexander Kerns, vol. 1, ed., Yoël L. Arbeitman & Allan R. Bomhard (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1981), pp. 73–85.</li> <li>Guido Gómez de Silva, Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/968-16-2812-8" title="Special:BookSources/968-16-2812-8">968-16-2812-8</a>)</li> <li>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edn. (2000).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Celts" title="Template:Celts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Celts" title="Template talk:Celts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Celts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Celts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a> · <a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Celtic studies</a> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Celtic tribes</a> · <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Ancient Celtic ethnic groups</a> (<a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Celts" title="Names of the Celts">Names</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontii" title="Lepontii">Lepontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celtic ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Bretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic diaspora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh diaspora">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic" title="Anglo-Celtic">Anglo-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_round_dogs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/100px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/150px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/200px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dálriata</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brigantia_(ancient_region)" title="Brigantia (ancient region)">Brigantia (ancient region)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" title="Hen Ogledd">Hen Ogledd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Iron Age Gaul</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britonia" title="Britonia">Britonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania" title="Celts in Transylvania">Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_paganism" title="Proto-Celtic paganism">Proto-Celtic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_deities" title="Celtic deities">Celtic deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Animism" title="Celtic Animism">Celtic Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_stone_idols" title="Celtic stone idols">Celtic stone idolss</a>* <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Monasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Celtic_temple" title="Romano-Celtic temple">Romano-Celtic temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Celtic_pagan_practices" title="Template:Celtic pagan practices">Practices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brehon" title="Brehon">Brehon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Celtic festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_women" title="Ancient Celtic women">Celtic women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celticisation" title="Celticisation">Celticisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name" title="Chief of the Name">Chief of the Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbfine" title="Derbfine">Derbfine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief" title="Scottish clan chief">Clan chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fili" class="mw-redirect" title="Fili">Fili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">Tanistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seancha%C3%AD" title="Seanchaí">Seanchaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept" title="Sept">Sept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic warfare">Warfare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_coinage" title="Celtic coinage">Coinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Celtic_Christianity" title="Neo-Celtic Christianity">Neo-Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Neopaganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Neo-Druidism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a> definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> (Breizh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (Kernow)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (Éire)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> (Mannin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (Alba)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (Cymru)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Y Wladfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_literature" title="Celtic literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_literature" title="Breton literature">Breton literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_literature" title="Cornish literature">Cornish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Scottish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Welsh-language literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">Welsh literature in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Irish annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brittany" title="Culture of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Culture of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Brooches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragonesque_brooch" title="Dragonesque brooch">Dragonesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Knotwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High crosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_leaf-crown" title="Celtic leaf-crown">Leaf-crowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_maze" title="Celtic maze">Mazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">Torcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">Triple spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Dress">Celtic Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_clothing" title="Irish clothing">Gaelic clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">Highland dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">Tartan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highland culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_music" title="Ancient Celtic music">Ancient Celtic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="National_music_scenes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National music scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Gaeaf" title="Calan Gaeaf">Calan Gaeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a>/<a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Fair_y_Canhwyllau" title="Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau">Gŵyl Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gathering_Day" title="Gathering Day">Calan Awst</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Interceltique_de_Lorient" title="Festival Interceltique de Lorient">Festival Interceltique de Lorient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Celtic_Festival" title="Pan Celtic Festival">Pan Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Celtic_Festival" title="Hebridean Celtic Festival">Hebridean Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Connections" title="Celtic Connections">Celtic Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Media_Festival" title="Celtic Media Festival">Celtic Media Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataireacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataireacht">Bataireacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_handball" title="Welsh handball">Welsh handball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Breton_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Breton nationalism">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Brittany" title="Reunification of Brittany">reunification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Cornwall" title="Constitutional status of Cornwall">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx nationalism">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Orkney,_Shetland_and_the_Western_Isles" title="Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles">Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_devolution" title="Cornish devolution">Cornish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Welsh devolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton independence">Breton independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_society" title="Celtic society">Celtic society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic unity">Celtic unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungi_dialect" title="Bungi dialect">Bungi Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurla_Reagaird" title="Beurla Reagaird">Beurla Reagaird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Celtic_languages" title="Continental Celtic languages">Ancient Celtic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Proto-Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Proto-Goidelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecian_language" title="Gallaecian language">Gallaecian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontic_language" title="Lepontic language">Lepontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Noric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Celtic_languages" title="Hispano-Celtic languages">Hispano-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine Gaulish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arran_Gaelic" title="Arran Gaelic">Arran Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeside_Gaelic" title="Deeside Gaelic">Deeside Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galwegian_Gaelic" title="Galwegian Gaelic">Galwegian Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law_and_Warfare" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Early Irish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Cyfraith Hywel</a> (Medieval Welsh law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scots_law" title="History of Scots law">Early Scots law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cateran" title="Cateran">Ceathairne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_(soldier)" title="Kern (soldier)">Ceithearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna" title="Fianna">Fianna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaesatae" title="Gaesatae">Gaesatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallowglass" title="Gallowglass">Gallóglaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobelar" title="Hobelar">Hobelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshank_(soldier)" title="Redshank (soldier)">Redshanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimarcisia" title="Trimarcisia">Trimarcisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Lists of English words of Celtic origin">Celtic words in English</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">– in Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Galician words of Celtic origin">– in Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of French words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish words in French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Galicia" title="List of Celtic place names in Galicia">Celtic place names in Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Italy" title="List of Celtic place names in Italy">– in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Portugal" title="List of Celtic place names in Portugal">– in Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Celts" title="Portal:Celts">Celts portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/16px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/24px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, 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