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style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/></span></div><div class="Banner_bannerData__9sg0q"></div><!--$!--><template data-dgst="DYNAMIC_SERVER_USAGE"></template><!--/$--></div></div><div class="TwoColumnContainer_twoColumnRightContainer__lJdo2"><div class=" PageOverview_healthyLiving__e8UkX PageOverview_healthyLivingColor__aafX4 false undefined"><div class="PageOverview_pageHeader__gDwRI"><h1 class="PageOverview_title__4bKQ8">Health Topics</h1></div><div class="PageOverview_description__SODoo"><div>Trusted medical information that’s easy to use—browse the topics below to find answers to your health questions.</div></div></div></div></div></div><noscript id="gtn"><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5MKXR9" height="0" width="0" 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class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter2">C</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter3">D</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter4">E</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter5">F</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter6">G</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 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tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter12">M</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter13">N</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter14">O</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter15">P</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter16">Q</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter17">R</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter18">S</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter19">T</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter20">U</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter21">V</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter22">W</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter23">X</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter24">Y</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter25">Z</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=" OneColumnContainer_oneColumnContainer__pUUhP false undefined false OneColumnContainer_healthTopicsoneColumnContainer__fXKoP"><div class="SectionList_sectionListWrap__jFClh undefined" data-testid="sectionListItem"><div class="SectionList_sectionLabel__hzs_T">Sections</div><div class=" SectionList_sectionList___lLaY consumer"><div 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