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Sometimes the esophagus, collarbone, or shoulder blade is also injured. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"0CCC738C9E3548B7AAD0DD97A32E19E7","TopicName":{"value":"Introduction to Chest Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/introduction-to-chest-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777461\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777463\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe chest can be injured by blunt force (such as in motor vehicle crashes, falls, or sports injuries) or by an object that penetrates it (such as a bullet or knife). \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777500\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777502\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe injured area is usually tender or painful. Pain is worse when people inhale. The chest may be bruised. Sometimes people are short of breath. If the injury is severe, they may feel very short of breath, drowsy, or confused, and the skin may be cold, sweaty, or blue. Such symptoms may develop when the lungs malfunction severely ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/respiratory-failure-and-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome/respiratory-failure\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Respiratory Failure\\\" data-id=\\\"5ac9b916-1927-408a-a6c9-012eee59976c\\\" data-itemid=\\\"98fb6910-fca2-4acd-885e-7e45ea49b6b3\\\"\u003erespiratory failure\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"5ac9b916-1927-408a-a6c9-012eee59976c\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/respiratory-failure-and-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome/respiratory-failure\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Respiratory Failure \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e) or people are in \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Shock\\\" data-id=\\\"16ef09b0-381a-4075-972b-3fd9bcc40ba0\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4b7167b3-3dd2-46b6-bf7c-3611bd421159\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"16ef09b0-381a-4075-972b-3fd9bcc40ba0\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Shock \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. People in shock typically have dangerously \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/low-blood-pressure\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Low Blood Pressure\\\" data-id=\\\"6d2cf51e-6f8f-46e9-8e16-0a4d6c3c7ffb\\\" data-itemid=\\\"cea91df1-6042-419c-953a-173130f0a4a2\\\"\u003elow blood pressure\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"6d2cf51e-6f8f-46e9-8e16-0a4d6c3c7ffb\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/low-blood-pressure\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Low Blood Pressure \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and feel as if their heart is racing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777508\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777512\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777520\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777524\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSupport of breathing and circulation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Chest injuries most often affect the ribs, upper part of the abdomen, lungs, blood vessels, heart, muscles, soft tissues, and breastbone. Sometimes the esophagus, collarbone, or shoulder blade..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"2ED2AC09EB2C4C0784614825A5B36B82","TopicName":{"value":"Blunt Injury to the Heart"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/blunt-injury-to-the-heart"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Commotio cordis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777563\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777568\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCommotio cordis is the sudden stopping of the heart ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)\\\" data-id=\\\"312834d8-3fce-4ea4-8b92-5e9e800ad8d3\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d9cf8eae-1314-415a-9112-d57ac9c39bd5\\\"\u003ecardiac arrest\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"312834d8-3fce-4ea4-8b92-5e9e800ad8d3\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/c/p/r/cpr-dummy-spl-combo-sized.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e) caused by a blow to the front of the chest. Typically, this blow involves a hard object that is moving fast (such as a baseball or a hockey puck). Thus, commotio cordis usually occurs during sports activities in young people. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777569\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777571\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA blunt injury to the heart can cause various symptoms. Most people have pain and often bruising or other injuries around the breastbone or ribs. Some people have symptoms of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/heart-failure/heart-failure-hf\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Heart Failure (HF)\\\" data-id=\\\"af46398b-2217-45b8-b1d0-abd781d4ad3d\\\" data-itemid=\\\"f01eefc5-2121-4bf4-b428-ae7c41e28193\\\"\u003eheart failure\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"af46398b-2217-45b8-b1d0-abd781d4ad3d\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/heart-failure/heart-failure-hf\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Heart Failure (HF) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/v/e/n/ventricular_assist_device_power_pack_high_blausen.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Heart Failure (HF)\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, such as shortness of breath. People may go into \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/open-pneumothorax\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Open Pneumothorax\\\" data-id=\\\"74d8368e-0d15-472c-8169-c9d8b247af68\\\" data-itemid=\\\"647bd876-41c2-43ce-a4b7-9432732f09b1\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"74d8368e-0d15-472c-8169-c9d8b247af68\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/open-pneumothorax\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Open Pneumothorax \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Their skin may be sweaty, cool, and bluish, and blood pressure may be dangerously low. Heart rhythms may be abnormal. People may feel that their heart is pounding, racing, or beating abnormally ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/symptoms-of-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/palpitations\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Palpitations\\\" data-id=\\\"a794ea0b-a489-43ce-a1a9-d99b69e11f2e\\\" data-itemid=\\\"cb60f18c-33c8-4629-b53c-dfca3129eb5f\\\"\u003epalpitations\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"a794ea0b-a489-43ce-a1a9-d99b69e11f2e\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/symptoms-of-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/palpitations\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Palpitations \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777572\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777576\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eElectrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777580\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777584\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of related problems, such as abnormal rhythms, heart failure, or cardiac arrest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Blunt injury to the heart is a blow to the chest that bruises the heart muscle, tears (ruptures) the heart's walls, or damages a heart valve. People may feel that their heart is pounding or..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"426C677F2A1043328F7F210151C75FBD","TopicName":{"value":"Cardiac Tamponade"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/cardiac-tamponade"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777624\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777626\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople with cardiac tamponade may feel light-headed or short of breath. They may faint. They may have low blood pressure and a rapid heart rate. The skin may be cool, sweaty, and bluish. The veins in the neck may appear swollen or distended.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777627\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777631\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777636\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777640\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval of blood or fluid from around the heart\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Cardiac tamponade is pressure on the heart by blood or fluid that accumulates in the 2-layered sac around the heart (pericardium). This disorder interferes with the heart's ability to pump blood..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"5E2B4988E33A4FC1BFF14432E588A6E4","TopicName":{"value":"Hemothorax"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/hemothorax"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777670\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777672\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHemothorax is not painful, but the injury that caused it usually is. The severity of other symptoms depends in part on the amount of blood in the chest cavity. If the amount of blood is small, people usually have no other symptoms. People with a large amount of blood may feel short of breath, and breathing may be shallow and rapid. A massive amount of blood may cause blood pressure to become dangerously low ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Shock\\\" data-id=\\\"82e9ed5f-2e05-4dc9-a8a8-9fe151f26a6f\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4b7167b3-3dd2-46b6-bf7c-3611bd421159\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"82e9ed5f-2e05-4dc9-a8a8-9fe151f26a6f\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Shock \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e). The skin may be cool, sweaty, and bluish.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777673\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777677\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eChest x-ray\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777679\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777683\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIntravenous fluid and sometimes blood products to maintain blood pressure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Hemothorax is an accumulation of blood between the lung and the chest wall. People may feel light-headed and short of breath and have chest pain, and the skin may be cool, sweaty, or bluish..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"B5BE2724A91F4F0DB2D18B2DE51C65AE","TopicName":{"value":"Injury to the Aorta"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/injury-to-the-aorta"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777710\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777712\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople usually have severe chest pain because the chest wall is injured. Some people are hoarse or have weak pulses, particularly in the legs or feet. The feet and hands may be cool, sweaty, and blue. People may have symptoms of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Shock\\\" data-id=\\\"814ab191-9f63-4688-b2c6-341f1e2df787\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4b7167b3-3dd2-46b6-bf7c-3611bd421159\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"814ab191-9f63-4688-b2c6-341f1e2df787\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Shock \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, such as low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and confusion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777713\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777717\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImaging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777720\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777724\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eControl of heart rate and blood pressure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The aorta—the largest artery in the body—can be partially or completely torn by severe blunt force to the chest. People with this injury have severe chest pain and often weak pulses, hoarseness..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"8412DA602A024118AB716CF9A7FDE1EE","TopicName":{"value":"Pulmonary Contusion"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/pulmonary-contusion"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777750\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777752\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePain and shortness of breath are the main symptoms. The pain is usually caused by injury to the chest wall (the ribs and chest muscle). Breathing is painful and difficult.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777754\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777758\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eChest x-ray\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777762\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777766\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAnalgesics and oxygen therapy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A pulmonary contusion is a bruise of a lung, which causes bleeding and swelling. People have pain, usually due to the chest wall injury, and often feel short of breath. Doctors make the diagnosis..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"}},{"id":"B8F310AE391A4114BFB5EDF860089199","TopicName":{"value":"Traumatic Pneumothorax"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/traumatic-pneumothorax"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777857\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777859\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople have chest pain. Most of the pain is due to the injury that caused the pneumothorax. They may feel short of breath or breathe rapidly and feel that their heart is racing, particularly if the amount of air is large. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777872\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777876\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eChest x-ray\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777878\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777882\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually removal of air from the pleural space\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Traumatic pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung because of an injury. It causes the lung to collapse partially or completely. People have chest pain and..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}},{"id":"F3978BE1CC754EC3BB9D676E4080E82C","TopicName":{"value":"Tension Pneumothorax"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/tension-pneumothorax"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777907\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777909\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAt first, people have chest pain, feel short of breath, breathe rapidly, and feel that their heart is racing. As the pressure inside the chest increases, blood pressure drops dangerously low ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Shock\\\" data-id=\\\"1d83d131-6a2b-48c2-8c90-9c6128a348b9\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4b7167b3-3dd2-46b6-bf7c-3611bd421159\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"1d83d131-6a2b-48c2-8c90-9c6128a348b9\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Shock \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e), people feel weak and dizzy, and the veins of the neck may bulge.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777910\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777914\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777917\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777921\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eNeedle decompression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Tension pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung and increases pressure in the chest, reducing the amount of blood returned to the heart. Symptoms include..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"647BD87641C243CEA4B79432732F09B1","TopicName":{"value":"Open Pneumothorax"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/open-pneumothorax"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v39821690\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v39821692\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe chest wound (or opening) is painful and causes breathing difficulties. The air entering the wound typically makes a characteristic sucking sound. As the pressure inside the chest increases, blood pressure can drop, sometimes dangerously low ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Shock\\\" data-id=\\\"2832706c-992a-4d4b-8dd9-62749f558d0a\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4b7167b3-3dd2-46b6-bf7c-3611bd421159\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"2832706c-992a-4d4b-8dd9-62749f558d0a\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Shock \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e), people feel weak and dizzy, and the veins of the neck may bulge.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v39821693\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v39821697\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v39821699\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v39821703\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWound dressing followed by placement of a chest tube (thoracostomy)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"An open pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates between the chest wall and the lung as the result of an open chest wound or other physical defect. The larger the opening, the greater the degree..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"9CEE6102944E40D79B2F1056124C2E61","TopicName":{"value":"Rib Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/chest-injuries/rib-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777793\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777795\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRib fractures cause severe pain, particularly when people breathe deeply. The pain lasts for weeks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777805\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777809\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v12777822\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v12777826\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePain relievers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A rib fracture is a crack or break in the bones enclosing the chest. Rib fractures cause severe pain, particularly when a person breathes deeply. A chest x-ray is usually taken. People are given..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"9"}}]}},{"id":"0874A268B97A426CB5FCF08FF81EA1D8","ChapterName":{"value":"Facial Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"11"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v795623\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA number of different injuries can affect the outer ear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"A2F0FD94AC1F48C8845989D8E389067E","TopicName":{"value":"Fractures of the Jaw and Midface"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries/fractures-of-the-jaw-and-midface"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8381317\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8381319\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cb \u003eA fractured mandible\u003c/b\u003e usually causes pain and swelling of the jaw, and people often feel that their teeth do not fit together as they should. Often, the mouth cannot be opened wide, or it shifts to one side when opening or closing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8381326\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763128\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays and/or computed tomography\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8381329\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763133\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of specific fractures, which may include surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Treatment of mandible fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763134\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763133\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of specific fractures, which may include surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment of maxillary fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763139\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763133\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of specific fractures, which may include surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment of tooth socket fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763142\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763133\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of specific fractures, which may include surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Injuries to the face often occur in combination. For example, the eye and the nose or the mouth and the cheek can be damaged as a result of the same injury. A broken lower jaw usually causes..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"6820DCDA125449D18BB3DCFE4D7995C8","TopicName":{"value":"Ear Injury"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries/ear-injury"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Cauliflower ear (subperichondrial hematoma)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763076\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763078\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA blunt blow to the external ear can cause bruising between the cartilage and the layer of connective tissue around it (perichondrium). When blood collects in this area, the external ear becomes swollen and purple. The collected blood (hematoma) can cut off the blood supply to the cartilage, allowing that portion of the cartilage to die, leading in time to a deformed ear. This deformity, called a cauliflower ear, is common among wrestlers, boxers, and rugby players.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Cuts (lacerations)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763091\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763093\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIf a cut (laceration) goes all the way through the ear, the area is cleansed thoroughly, the skin is sewn back together, and a bandage is applied to protect the area and allow the cartilage to heal. The cartilage is also sewn unless the skin covering the cartilage has been torn away. Sometimes antibiotics are needed to prevent infection, particularly if the injury was caused by a bite. Sometimes cosmetic surgery is needed after the wound heals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Avulsions\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763094\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763096\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSometimes an ear is torn away from the head (avulsion). An ear may be partially or completely torn. Such tearing is more likely because ears are less protected than other body structures. A surgeon (usually one who specializes in plastic surgery or disorders of the ear) can often reattach an avulsed ear, but not all surgeries are successful. Sometimes, surgeons can use cartilage and skin from another part of the body or use artificial skin to construct a new ear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763097\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763099\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA forceful blow to the jaw may break (fracture) the bones around the ear canal and distort the canal’s shape, often narrowing it (see \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries/fractures-of-the-jaw-and-midface\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Fractures of the Jaw and Midface\\\" data-id=\\\"1c4a6d4a-2dc0-47b3-bed3-41a7fa0809ce\\\" data-itemid=\\\"a2f0fd94-ac1f-48c8-8459-89d8e389067e\\\"\u003e Fractures of the Jaw and Midface\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"1c4a6d4a-2dc0-47b3-bed3-41a7fa0809ce\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries/fractures-of-the-jaw-and-midface\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Fractures of the Jaw and Midface \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e). The shape can be corrected surgically.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A number of different injuries can affect the outer ear. A blunt blow to the external ear can cause bruising between the cartilage and the layer of connective tissue around it (perichondrium)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"87E5E672D97641ABA5C50C353DA01BA0","TopicName":{"value":"Temporal Bone Fracture"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries/temporal-bone-fracture"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8381362\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763201\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople have pain and often\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8381369\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763212\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eComputed tomography (CT)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8381374\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763217\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of symptoms as necessary\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Treatment of facial paralysis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763218\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763217\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of symptoms as necessary\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment of hearing loss\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763221\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763217\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of symptoms as necessary\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment of vertigo\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763224\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763217\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of symptoms as necessary\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leakage\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763227\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763217\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of symptoms as necessary\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The temporal bone (the skull bone containing part of the ear canal, the middle ear, and the inner ear) can be fractured, usually by a blow to the head. A temporal bone fracture may cause facial..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"57D0FA58F3E847DF9227B30F00566ECD","TopicName":{"value":"Fractures of the Nose"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/facial-injuries/fractures-of-the-nose"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8381272\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8381274\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA person whose nose bleeds, hurts, and is swollen and tender after a blunt injury may have a broken nose. A broken nose may look crooked. Sometimes the area around the eyes also looks bruised. The nose remains swollen for 3 to 5 days after the fracture.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v796086\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763176\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's examination\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v796100\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763181\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRelief of pain and swelling\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Treatment of pain and swelling\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763186\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763181\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRelief of pain and swelling\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment of hematomas\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763189\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763181\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRelief of pain and swelling\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment of fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27763192\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27763181\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRelief of pain and swelling\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The bones of the nose are broken more often than any other facial bone. Typically, a broken (fractured) nose bleeds, hurts, and swells. To diagnose a broken nose, a doctor looks at and feels..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}}]}},{"id":"934B5861354847C3B4857E164B4ABFC0","ChapterName":{"value":"Motion Sickness"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/motion-sickness"},"SortIndex":{"value":"18"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v735933\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eMotion sickness (also known as car, sea, train, or air sickness) involves a group of symptoms, particularly nausea, caused by movement during travel.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"7A29729FC7D14DBDBD25F3E84BE79EEB","TopicName":{"value":"Motion Sickness"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/motion-sickness/motion-sickness"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Risk factors\",\"UniqueID\":\"v9827153\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v9827155\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome people are more susceptible to motion sickness than others. Motion sickness is more common among women and children between 2 and 12 years of age, as well as in people who are susceptible to migraines, people who have \u003ca href=\\\"/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/purulent-labyrinthitis\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Purulent Labyrinthitis\\\" data-id=\\\"05f50879-ced0-46b1-83fe-5d2bd6b528d6\\\" data-itemid=\\\"dbf625ff-d78e-453c-9248-5306537d77f7\\\"\u003elabyrinthitis\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"05f50879-ced0-46b1-83fe-5d2bd6b528d6\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/purulent-labyrinthitis\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Purulent Labyrinthitis \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e (a disorder affecting the inner ear), or those who are pregnant or use hormonal contraceptives. Fear, anxiety, and poor ventilation increase the likelihood of experiencing motion sickness. Genetic factors may also increase susceptibility to motion sickness. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v735946\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v735948\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of motion sickness may begin relatively suddenly. Typical symptoms are \u003ca href=\\\"/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/nausea-and-vomiting-in-adults\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Nausea and Vomiting in Adults\\\" data-id=\\\"eeccaf68-83be-4a9c-a59f-e185e7e8df6c\\\" data-itemid=\\\"0e49bb54-41d9-4042-93f3-698d085ba4c6\\\"\u003enausea\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"eeccaf68-83be-4a9c-a59f-e185e7e8df6c\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/nausea-and-vomiting-in-adults\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Nausea and Vomiting in Adults \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, \u003ca href=\\\"/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/nausea-and-vomiting-in-adults\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Nausea and Vomiting in Adults\\\" data-id=\\\"73d82f82-1d1b-4668-858c-0faacef1b0c7\\\" data-itemid=\\\"0e49bb54-41d9-4042-93f3-698d085ba4c6\\\"\u003evomiting\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"73d82f82-1d1b-4668-858c-0faacef1b0c7\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/nausea-and-vomiting-in-adults\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Nausea and Vomiting in Adults \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, and a vague feeling of abdominal discomfort. Also, the face may become pale, and the person may break into a cold sweat. Dizziness, headache, and fatigue may develop, and the person may feel sleepy or be unable to concentrate. Other symptoms (often as a prelude to vomiting) may include increased saliva production, swallowing excessive air (aerophagia), and abnormally rapid, deep breathing (hyperventilation). Hyperventilation may cause faintness. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v37570961\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37570965\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention and Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v735950\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37570969\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eNonmedication prevention and treatment measures\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Motion sickness (also known as car, sea, train, or air sickness) involves a group of symptoms, particularly nausea, caused by movement during travel. While traveling, people feel nauseated and..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"909A4F98EA1D4A7FA4B60A80C946F066","ChapterName":{"value":"Abdominal Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/abdominal-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v6624013\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe abdomen can be injured in many ways. The abdomen alone may be injured or injuries elsewhere in the body may also occur. Injuries can be relatively mild or very severe.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"84C0ED9BDE094BC39AA009A3D13CA2C1","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Abdominal Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/abdominal-injuries/overview-of-abdominal-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Complications\",\"UniqueID\":\"v6624035\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v6624037\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn addition to the immediate damage, abdominal injuries may also cause problems later on. These delayed problems include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Hematoma rupture\",\"UniqueID\":\"v32147053\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v6624037\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn addition to the immediate damage, abdominal injuries may also cause problems later on. These delayed problems include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Intra-abdominal abscess\",\"UniqueID\":\"v32147060\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v6624037\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn addition to the immediate damage, abdominal injuries may also cause problems later on. These delayed problems include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Intestinal obstruction\",\"UniqueID\":\"v32147064\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v6624037\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn addition to the immediate damage, abdominal injuries may also cause problems later on. These delayed problems include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Abdominal compartment syndrome\",\"UniqueID\":\"v32147068\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v6624037\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn addition to the immediate damage, abdominal injuries may also cause problems later on. These delayed problems include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v6624055\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v6624057\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople usually have abdominal pain or tenderness. However, pain can be mild, and the person may not notice or complain about it because of other more painful injuries (such as fractures) or because the person is not fully conscious (for example, because of a head injury, intoxication, or shock). Pain from a \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/abdominal-injuries/spleen-injury\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Spleen Injury\\\" data-id=\\\"7b935204-5c25-4ef4-b485-9a93a0707691\\\" data-itemid=\\\"b7af8625-556c-46c3-80d3-18544591d3b1\\\"\u003espleen injury\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"7b935204-5c25-4ef4-b485-9a93a0707691\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/abdominal-injuries/spleen-injury\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Spleen Injury \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e sometimes radiates to the left shoulder. Pain from a small intestinal tear is minimal at first but worsens steadily. People with a \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/kidney-injuries\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Kidney Injuries\\\" data-id=\\\"3184c081-4c56-49f9-a15c-a0c0ce78e534\\\" data-itemid=\\\"2fd9679b-4539-43d6-9d4d-cb4e8e768755\\\"\u003ekidney injury\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"3184c081-4c56-49f9-a15c-a0c0ce78e534\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/kidney-injuries\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Kidney Injuries \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e or \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/bladder-injuries\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Bladder Injuries\\\" data-id=\\\"4d8332d3-8fc5-48c6-8c52-faebb7ef5304\\\" data-itemid=\\\"327e7b4d-5caa-423d-8959-bbce8c8f68c6\\\"\u003ebladder injury\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"4d8332d3-8fc5-48c6-8c52-faebb7ef5304\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/bladder-injuries\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Bladder Injuries \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e may have blood in the urine.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v6624072\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v32147073\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImaging tests\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v6624077\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v32147080\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eManage or reverse blood loss\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The abdomen can be injured in many ways. The abdomen alone may be injured or injuries elsewhere in the body may also occur. Injuries can be relatively mild or very severe. Doctors often classify..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"DC3013DFA78D42569E5DB09A3AB54CA7","TopicName":{"value":"Liver Injury"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/abdominal-injuries/liver-injury"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v6624094\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v6624096\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe liver can be damaged as a result of impact (for example, a motor vehicle crash) or penetrating trauma (such as a knife or gunshot wound). Injuries may range from relatively small collections of blood (hematomas) within the liver to large tears that go deep into the liver. Because the liver has many large blood vessels, the main problem resulting from liver injury is severe bleeding. Nearly all bleeding from a liver injury occurs within the abdominal cavity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v6624097\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v6624099\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople with liver injury and severe bleeding have symptoms of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Shock\\\" data-id=\\\"03f848c2-6b7b-4fbf-bdb2-95df6605e270\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4b7167b3-3dd2-46b6-bf7c-3611bd421159\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"03f848c2-6b7b-4fbf-bdb2-95df6605e270\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Shock \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, including a rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, and cold, clammy, pale or bluish skin. People also have abdominal pain and tenderness because blood in the abdomen irritates the abdominal tissue. When bleeding is severe, the abdomen may also be swollen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v6624100\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v32147096\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eLiver imaging tests\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v6624103\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v32147101\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSometimes surgery or other procedures to control bleeding\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Liver injuries are characterized in several key ways: People have tenderness and pain in the abdomen that sometimes radiates to the shoulder. Doctors use computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"B7AF8625556C46C380D318544591D3B1","TopicName":{"value":"Spleen Injury"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/abdominal-injuries/spleen-injury"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v776903\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v776905\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAn injured or ruptured spleen can make the abdomen painful and tender. Blood in the abdomen acts as an irritant and causes pain. The pain begins in the left side of the abdomen just below the rib cage and sometimes in the left shoulder. The abdominal muscles contract reflexively and feel rigid, and the pain can spread throughout the abdomen. If enough blood leaks out, blood pressure falls and people feel light-headed, have blurred vision and confusion, and lose consciousness (faint). \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v776907\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v32147109\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUltrasound or computed tomography scans\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v776910\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v32147112\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBlood transfusions\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Because of the spleen’s position in the upper left side of the abdomen, a severe blow to the stomach area can damage the spleen, tearing its covering, the tissue inside, or both. An injured..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}}]}},{"id":"5AC9DF7F5371431AA770142786F46B71","ChapterName":{"value":"Spinal Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/spinal-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"21"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v82333682\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eA spinal cord injury is damage to the bundle of cells and nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"9919E243C6D14F0DA7DEAE582E1837FB","TopicName":{"value":"Spinal Cord Injury in Children"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/spinal-injuries/spinal-cord-injury-in-children"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v82333698\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v82333701\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSpinal cord injury can be caused by pulling or stretching of the spinal cord, pressure on the nerves or spinal cord (spinal cord impingement), spinal cord concussion (similar to a brain \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/concussion\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Concussion\\\" data-id=\\\"2830da9c-93ed-4c51-88ce-901fa6300d86\\\" data-itemid=\\\"adbea7ed-5ce0-41ab-9ab8-bbb536040709\\\"\u003econcussion\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"2830da9c-93ed-4c51-88ce-901fa6300d86\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/concussion\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Concussion \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e), and injury to the blood vessels.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v82333705\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v82333708\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eChildren with spinal cord injury may have brief symptoms such as tingling and weakness. Children may also have shooting pains down the spine or the arms or legs. In about 25% of affected children, onset of symptoms, such as weakness, numbness, other nerve damage, or even complete paralysis, is delayed from 30 minutes to 4 days after injury, making it more difficult for doctors to diagnose spinal cord injury.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36935209\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935213\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36935219\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935223\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImmobilization\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A spinal cord injury is damage to the bundle of cells and nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Most spinal cord injuries in children younger..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"D1214EF5CB02455C86794569E53D458A","TopicName":{"value":"Injuries of the Spinal Cord and Vertebrae"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/spinal-injuries/injuries-of-the-spinal-cord-and-vertebrae"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v743971\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v743973\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIf the spine is injured, people usually feel pain in the affected part of the neck or back. The area over the injury may be tender to the touch, particularly if a fracture is present. If the spinal cord is injured, the nerves at and below the site of the injury malfunction, causing loss of muscle control and loss of sensation. However, children may have spinal cord injuries in which nerves malfunction only temporarily and briefly. They may have lightning-like pains that shoot down the arms or legs. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Complications of spinal cord injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36935164\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v743973\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIf the spine is injured, people usually feel pain in the affected part of the neck or back. The area over the injury may be tender to the touch, particularly if a fracture is present. If the spinal cord is injured, the nerves at and below the site of the injury malfunction, causing loss of muscle control and loss of sensation. However, children may have spinal cord injuries in which nerves malfunction only temporarily and briefly. They may have lightning-like pains that shoot down the arms or legs. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v743977\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935169\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImaging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v743984\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935173\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImmobilization\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v743981\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v743983\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRecovery is more likely if paralysis is partial and if movement or sensation starts to return during the first week after the injury. If function is not regained within 6 months, loss is likely to be permanent. However, several studies have shown that some recovery is possible up to one year after injury.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36935180\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v55263030\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A spinal cord injury is damage to the bundle of cells and nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Most spinal cord injuries result from motor..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"2402583A06D2445AAA54FD5F0ADD24B7","ChapterName":{"value":"Dislocations"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations"},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v37150769\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eA dislocation is complete separation of the bones that form a joint. In subluxation, the bones in a joint are partly out of position. Often, a dislocated joint remains dislocated until it is put back in place (reduced) by a doctor, but sometimes it moves back in place on its own.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"D8B4322FD4144423A19A83532F16E88A","TopicName":{"value":"Shoulder Dislocation"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/shoulder-dislocation"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967537\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967539\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe dislocated shoulder may be visibly out of place or look distorted. The area around the joint may be swollen or bruised. The pain is usually intense. People are unable or unwilling to move their arm away from their body. Shoulder dislocations may also make the muscle that covers the shoulder joint (the deltoid) feel numb.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967541\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967545\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePhysical examination\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967550\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967554\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eManeuvers to put the joint back in place\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Shoulder dislocations occur when the ball-shaped head of the upper arm bone (humerus) pops out of its rounded socket in the shoulder blade (scapula). When the shoulder is dislocated, it is usually..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"CCA9F25B41F44294BAD59C34630C7E3D","TopicName":{"value":"Elbow Dislocations"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/elbow-dislocations"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36961534\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36961538\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually maneuvers to put the joint back in place (reduction)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Radial Head Subluxation (Nursemaid's Elbow)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967591\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36961553\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eRadial head subluxation is partial separation of the bones in the elbow. The end of one forearm bone (radius) slips out of place at the elbow.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967598\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36961553\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eRadial head subluxation is partial separation of the bones in the elbow. The end of one forearm bone (radius) slips out of place at the elbow.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967602\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36961553\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eRadial head subluxation is partial separation of the bones in the elbow. The end of one forearm bone (radius) slips out of place at the elbow.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967610\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36961553\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eRadial head subluxation is partial separation of the bones in the elbow. The end of one forearm bone (radius) slips out of place at the elbow.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967622\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36961553\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eRadial head subluxation is partial separation of the bones in the elbow. The end of one forearm bone (radius) slips out of place at the elbow.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Elbow dislocations occur when the lower end of the upper arm bone (humerus) loses contact with the tops (heads) of the forearm bones (radius and ulna). Elbow dislocations may be complete (the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"C6E3E903BEE94E30A62A40D38C20A3B3","TopicName":{"value":"Dislocations of Bones of the Hand"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/dislocations-of-bones-of-the-hand"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967669\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967671\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWhen one of the carpal bones is dislocated, the wrist and palm of the hand are painful. People cannot move the wrist and hand normally. The wrist usually looks misshapen, and the hand swells.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967674\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967678\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967683\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967687\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eManipulation to put the bones back in place\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The bones at the base the hand (carpal bones), usually the lunate or the capitate, move out of their normal position. These dislocations usually occur when great force is applied to the wrist..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"F911891855814FEF834CB9ECC6AFEE1A","TopicName":{"value":"Finger Dislocations"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/finger-dislocations"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967708\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967710\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually, the dislocated finger looks crooked. It is painful and swollen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967711\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967715\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967718\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967722\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eManipulation or surgery to put the bones back in place\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Finger dislocations occur when the bones of the fingers move out of their normal position. Most finger dislocations occur at the middle joint, usually when the finger is bent backward, Usually..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"DDB07FBF01314996A8F02E0231374256","TopicName":{"value":"Hip Dislocations"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/hip-dislocations"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967764\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967766\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHip dislocations are very painful. People usually cannot move their leg. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967770\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967774\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967777\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967781\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eManeuvers to put the hip back in place\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Hip dislocations occur when the ball-shaped head of the thighbone (femur) pops out of the rounded socket of the hip bone (pelvis). Usually, hips are dislocated when a great force hits a bent..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"C0CD4B127E5A40C58F308F020E016DF6","TopicName":{"value":"Knee Dislocations"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/knee-dislocations"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967816\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967818\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually, the dislocated knee is obviously out of place. The knee is painful and swollen, and people cannot walk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967821\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967825\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967847\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967851\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA maneuver to put the joint back in place\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Knee dislocations occur when the end of the thighbone (femur) loses contact with the shinbone (tibia). Knee dislocations can disrupt the blood supply to the lower leg, sometimes leading to amputation..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"01620982BF5E405DA581D984A7D746CC","TopicName":{"value":"Kneecap Dislocations"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/kneecap-dislocations"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967883\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967885\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe dislocated kneecap looks out of place. People feel pain under the kneecap. The joint is tender and often swollen. People cannot straighten the knee and can often move the kneecap from side to side. They may be unable to walk. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967887\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967891\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967908\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967912\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eManipulation to move the kneecap back in place\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Kneecap (patellar) dislocations occur when the kneecap and the ligaments that hold it in place slide sideways and to the outside of the knee. The kneecap can slide out of place when people,..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}},{"id":"08B89D8BB26E4987AAEC2F92F04FF2DA","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Dislocations"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/overview-of-dislocations"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965621\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150808\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTrauma is the most common cause of dislocations and other musculoskeletal tissues. Trauma includes \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829677\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150823\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWhen a dislocation occurs, the bones may be obviously out of place. The joint may look distorted or bent. A bone may protrude abnormally, causing the skin around it to stretch and bulge.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Complications\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829681\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150842\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDislocations can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged. Dislocated joints, unless they are realigned quickly, are more likely to damage blood vessels and nerves than are fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36961467\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150842\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDislocations can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged. Dislocated joints, unless they are realigned quickly, are more likely to damage blood vessels and nerves than are fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Blood vessel damage\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965656\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150842\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDislocations can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged. Dislocated joints, unless they are realigned quickly, are more likely to damage blood vessels and nerves than are fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Bleeding\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36961472\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150842\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDislocations can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged. Dislocated joints, unless they are realigned quickly, are more likely to damage blood vessels and nerves than are fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Nerve damage\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965662\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150842\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDislocations can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged. Dislocated joints, unless they are realigned quickly, are more likely to damage blood vessels and nerves than are fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Infections\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965679\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150842\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDislocations can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged. Dislocated joints, unless they are realigned quickly, are more likely to damage blood vessels and nerves than are fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Joint problems\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965683\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150842\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDislocations can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged. Dislocated joints, unless they are realigned quickly, are more likely to damage blood vessels and nerves than are fractures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829728\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150873\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Description of the injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965775\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150873\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Physical examination\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965779\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150873\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Tests\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965799\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150873\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829739\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150955\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Treatment of serious injuries\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966022\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150955\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Pain relief\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966028\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150955\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"PRICE\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966032\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150955\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Reduction\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966040\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150955\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Immobilization\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829856\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150955\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Surgery\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966087\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37150955\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Rehabilitation and Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829936\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37151070\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany dislocations and related injuries heal well and result in few problems. However, some do not completely heal even though they are diagnosed and treated appropriately.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A dislocation is complete separation of the bones that form a joint. In subluxation, the bones in a joint are partly out of position. Often, a dislocated joint remains dislocated until it is..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"110F295564C445F999FEDEB16309274F","ChapterName":{"value":"Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"23"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v37153316\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eSprains are tears in ligaments (tissues that connect one bone to another). Other soft-tissue injuries include tears in muscles (strains) and tears (ruptures) in tendons (tissues that connect muscles to bones).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"D2F8B696B4F0421D88237E20A56DA761","TopicName":{"value":"Shoulder Sprains"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/shoulder-sprains"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967962\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967964\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe shoulder joint is painful and tender. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967965\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967969\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967979\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967983\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor less severe sprains, a sling and early range-of-motion exercises\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Shoulder sprains are tears in the ligaments that hold the shoulder joint in place. Ligaments may be partially or completely torn. Shoulder sprains are common, especially among athletes, such..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}},{"id":"C02D5428764C4D1E878B4D54F9528D96","TopicName":{"value":"Thumb Sprains"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/thumb-sprains"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968012\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968014\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWhen the thumb is sprained, people have difficulty grasping objects between their thumb and index finger. The thumb is painful, swollen, and sometimes bruised. The thumb may remain weak and less stable after such an injury.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968015\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968019\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePhysical examination\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968024\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968028\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually a thumb spica splint\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Thumb sprains are tears in the ligaments that attach the thumb to the hand. When the thumb is sprained, people have difficulty grasping objects between their thumb and index finger, and the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"}},{"id":"0C8BCE964D754E4799208A5897F29078","TopicName":{"value":"Mallet Finger"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/mallet-finger"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968071\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968073\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe finger is usually painful, swollen, and bruised immediately after the injury. The joint remains bent. The person cannot straighten it. Occasionally, blood collects under the nail (called a subungual hematoma).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968075\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968079\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePhysical examination\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968084\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968088\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA splint\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"In Mallet finger, the fingertip curls down and cannot be straightened. It is usually caused by a tendon injury. (See also Overview of Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries and Finger Fractures..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"01B355D976764D83B30074320D02DA5F","TopicName":{"value":"Knee Extensor Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/knee-extensor-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968131\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968133\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIf a tendon is completely torn, people cannot stand, do a straight leg lift while lying on their back, or extend their knee while seated. The knee is usually painful and swollen. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968134\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968138\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968142\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968146\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSurgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Knee extensor injuries occur when people try to straighten (extend) their knee and an obstacle prevents them from doing so. Such injuries can tear the tendon that attaches the main muscle in..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"1A0CCFF664D34CF8A82F248031E64CCB","TopicName":{"value":"Ankle Sprains"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/ankle-sprains"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968218\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968220\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn general, the area over the injured ligament is painful and swollen. Sometimes people with a sprained ankle have muscle spasms—unintended contraction of muscles around the ankle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Mild\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968221\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968220\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn general, the area over the injured ligament is painful and swollen. Sometimes people with a sprained ankle have muscle spasms—unintended contraction of muscles around the ankle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Moderate to severe\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968224\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968220\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn general, the area over the injured ligament is painful and swollen. Sometimes people with a sprained ankle have muscle spasms—unintended contraction of muscles around the ankle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Very severe\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968228\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968220\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn general, the area over the injured ligament is painful and swollen. Sometimes people with a sprained ankle have muscle spasms—unintended contraction of muscles around the ankle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968234\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968238\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968251\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968255\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eProtection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation (PRICE)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Mild sprains\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968263\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968265\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost ankle sprains are mild, require no special treatment, and heal well. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Moderate sprains\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968289\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968291\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eModerate sprains may be treated with PRICE. If walking is extremely difficult, a splint or boot can be worn for support. Most people can begin to walk and exercise within a few days. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Severe sprains\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968293\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968295\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSevere sprains require immediate medical attention. Without treatment, the ankle may remain unstable and painful. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"High ankle sprains\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968299\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968301\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHigh ankle sprains usually require a cast for several weeks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Ankle sprains are tears in the ligaments that hold the ankle in place. Usually, ankle sprains occur when people walk or run on uneven ground and the foot turns in, stretching the ligaments of..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"0452EF6D1CBC4FBE9EA049AED60956AA","TopicName":{"value":"Achilles Tendon Tears"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/achilles-tendon-tears"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36936907\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36936909\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAchilles tendon tears occur most often in athletes and middle-aged sedentary men, particularly those who are out of shape and start an intense activity or sport without gradually building up to it. The tendon is more likely to be completely torn in middle-aged men than in athletes. These injuries can occur when people do not warm up or stretch enough before intense activity. Typically, the injury occurs while running or jumping, especially if the sport requires quick changes in directions. The tendon tears when a movement pushes the toes upward, toward the shin, too forcefully and too far.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v14002970\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v14002972\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWhen the Achilles tendon tears, people feel as if they have been kicked behind the ankle, and they sometimes hear a pop. The calf is very painful and walking is difficult, particularly when the tear is complete. The calf may be swollen and bruised.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968314\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968318\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968323\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968327\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eReferral to an orthopedic surgeon\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Achilles tendon tears (ruptures) occur when the tendon that attaches the calf muscle to the heel bone tears. The Achilles tendon tears when a movement pushes the toes upward (toward the shin)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"D55D6A9461CF4BABACA7C4E469ED1635","TopicName":{"value":"Knee Sprains and Related Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/knee-sprains-and-related-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968421\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968423\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOccasionally, people hear or feel a pop in the knee when the injury occurs. This pop usually indicates that a ligament (particularly the anterior cruciate ligament) is torn.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968434\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968438\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Stress testing\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36936996\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36936998\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctors check for a torn ligament in the knee by moving the leg in certain ways (called stress testing). A thorough examination, including stress testing, usually enables doctors to identify knee injuries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Imaging tests\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36937000\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36937002\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIf the knee is very painful or swollen, doctors usually take an x-ray before stress testing to check for broken bones.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13968444\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13968448\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSometimes drainage of fluid\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Knee sprains occur when the ligaments that attach the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia) are torn. The cartilage pads (menisci), which act as shock absorbers in the knee, may also be..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"0F0D973B6DB3489C8658AF639E4E541C","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/overview-of-sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965621\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153364\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTrauma is the most common cause of soft-tissue and other musculoskeletal injuries. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829677\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153378\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe most obvious symptom of soft-tissue injuries is\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Complications\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829681\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153402\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSoft-tissue injuries can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). For example, the injured limb may no longer be able to function normally. However, serious complications are uncommon. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Bleeding\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36936856\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153402\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSoft-tissue injuries can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). For example, the injured limb may no longer be able to function normally. However, serious complications are uncommon. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Blood vessel damage\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965656\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153402\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSoft-tissue injuries can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). For example, the injured limb may no longer be able to function normally. However, serious complications are uncommon. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Nerve damage\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965662\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153402\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSoft-tissue injuries can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). For example, the injured limb may no longer be able to function normally. However, serious complications are uncommon. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Joint problems\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965683\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153402\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSoft-tissue injuries can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). For example, the injured limb may no longer be able to function normally. However, serious complications are uncommon. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Compartment syndrome\",\"UniqueID\":\"v45104965\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153402\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSoft-tissue injuries can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). For example, the injured limb may no longer be able to function normally. However, serious complications are uncommon. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829728\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153425\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Description of the injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965775\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153425\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Physical examination\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965779\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153425\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Tests\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965799\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153425\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829739\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153522\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious injuries or complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Treatment of serious injuries\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966022\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153522\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious injuries or complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Pain relief\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966028\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153522\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious injuries or complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"PRICE\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966032\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153522\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious injuries or complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Immobilization\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829856\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153522\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious injuries or complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Surgery\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966087\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153522\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of any serious injuries or complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Rehabilitation and Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829936\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37153621\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost soft-tissue injuries heal well and result in few problems. However, some do not completely heal even though they are diagnosed and treated appropriately.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Sprains are tears in ligaments (tissues that connect one bone to another). Other soft-tissue injuries include tears in muscles (strains) and tears (ruptures) in tendons (tissues that connect..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"C53EE7B80AD447C785BC9A0CCCBAB4BE","TopicName":{"value":"Biceps Tendon Tears"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/biceps-tendon-tears"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v45105013\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45105015\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBiceps tendon tears cause sudden, severe pain at the shoulder or near the elbow, depending on the location of the tear. Pain is worsened by lifting or pulling. Other symptoms include bruising, swelling, and weakness. The detached muscle may form a bulge in the arm (called Popeye deformity).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v45105016\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45105020\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v45105029\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45105033\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Tears may occur in the tendons that attach the biceps muscle to the bones of the shoulder or the tendon that attaches the biceps muscle to one of the lower arm bones (at the elbow). (See also..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}}]}},{"id":"2F85B5404DBC477EADE83662AD216876","ChapterName":{"value":"Head Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"14"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v54030568\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHead injuries may involve skin, bone, muscle, or brain or other tissues. Injuries that involve the brain are particularly concerning.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"E908B1CB0A2A419AA95DA922C74FF4C4","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Head Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/overview-of-head-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36934698\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934700\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCommon causes of head injuries are falls (especially in older adults and young children), motor vehicle crashes, physical assaults, and mishaps during sports or recreational activities. Mishaps in the workplace (for example, while operating machinery) and firearms also cause head injuries. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v739879\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v739883\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA bump may appear on the head. If the scalp is cut, bleeding may be profuse because the scalp has many blood vessels close to the skin's surface. Consequently, a scalp injury may appear to be more serious than it is.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Minor head injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v739881\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v739883\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA bump may appear on the head. If the scalp is cut, bleeding may be profuse because the scalp has many blood vessels close to the skin's surface. Consequently, a scalp injury may appear to be more serious than it is.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Severe head injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v739889\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v739883\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA bump may appear on the head. If the scalp is cut, bleeding may be profuse because the scalp has many blood vessels close to the skin's surface. Consequently, a scalp injury may appear to be more serious than it is.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v739962\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934711\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Minor head injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v739964\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934711\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Severe head injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v739989\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934711\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36934803\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934807\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor head injuries, treatment of symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Minor head injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36934810\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934807\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor head injuries, treatment of symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Severe head injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36934832\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934807\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor head injuries, treatment of symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v739924\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v739928\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost people who have had a minor head injury recover completely, particularly if symptoms of postconcussion syndrome do not develop.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Minor head injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v739926\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v739928\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost people who have had a minor head injury recover completely, particularly if symptoms of postconcussion syndrome do not develop.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Severe head injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v739955\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v739928\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost people who have had a minor head injury recover completely, particularly if symptoms of postconcussion syndrome do not develop.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Head injuries may involve skin, bone, muscle, or brain or other tissues. Injuries that involve the brain are particularly concerning. Common causes of head injuries include falls, motor vehicle..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"343A2C3435C842ADB1C40D8FD5FA46CC","TopicName":{"value":"Brain Contusions and Lacerations"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/brain-contusions-and-lacerations"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Brain contusions are bruises of the brain, usually caused by a direct, strong blow to the head. Brain lacerations are tears in brain tissue, caused by a foreign object or pushed-in bone fragment..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"ADBEA7ED5CE041AB9AB8BBB536040709","TopicName":{"value":"Concussion"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/concussion"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v14431496\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v54030582\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A concussion is an alteration in mental function or level of awareness caused by a head injury. A concussion may involve a loss of consciousness and can occur without obvious damage to brain..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"C78C153D1165444CAD878CE2906ED409","TopicName":{"value":"Diffuse Axonal Injury"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/diffuse-axonal-injury"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Diffuse axonal injury is widespread injury to axons, a part of the nerve cells, in the brain that can occur from a head injury. Nerve impulses leave nerve cells through a part of the nerve cell..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"BB1A8BBE40C0426AA1B8419235E9E80A","TopicName":{"value":"Intracranial Hematomas"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/intracranial-hematomas"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Epidural Hematomas\",\"UniqueID\":\"v740116\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v740118\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eEpidural hematomas are caused by bleeding from an artery or a large vein (venous sinus) located between the skull and the outer layer of tissue covering the brain. Bleeding often occurs when a skull fracture tears the blood vessel.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Subdural Hematomas\",\"UniqueID\":\"v740123\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v740125\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSubdural hematomas are usually caused by bleeding from veins, including the bridging veins, located between the outer and middle layers of tissue covering the brain (meninges). Occasionally, subdural hematomas are caused by bleeding from arteries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v740141\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v740125\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSubdural hematomas are usually caused by bleeding from veins, including the bridging veins, located between the outer and middle layers of tissue covering the brain (meninges). Occasionally, subdural hematomas are caused by bleeding from arteries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36935048\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v740125\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSubdural hematomas are usually caused by bleeding from veins, including the bridging veins, located between the outer and middle layers of tissue covering the brain (meninges). Occasionally, subdural hematomas are caused by bleeding from arteries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36935055\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v740125\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSubdural hematomas are usually caused by bleeding from veins, including the bridging veins, located between the outer and middle layers of tissue covering the brain (meninges). Occasionally, subdural hematomas are caused by bleeding from arteries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Intracerebral Hematomas\",\"UniqueID\":\"v740150\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v740152\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIntracerebral hematomas are common after a severe head injury. They can be caused by bruising of the brain (a \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/brain-contusions-and-lacerations\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Brain Contusions and Lacerations\\\" data-id=\\\"27eb2f1b-284e-439e-8c7b-98634a855322\\\" data-itemid=\\\"343a2c34-35c8-42ad-b1c4-0d8fd5fa46cc\\\"\u003ecerebral contusion\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"27eb2f1b-284e-439e-8c7b-98634a855322\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/brain-contusions-and-lacerations\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Brain Contusions and Lacerations \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e). Exactly when 1 or more contusions become a hematoma is not well-defined.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Intracranial hematomas are accumulations of blood inside the skull, either within the brain or between the brain and the skull. Intracranial hematomas form when a head injury causes blood to..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"B075F75CC5E64BD092E5AD932BA65932","TopicName":{"value":"Skull Fracture"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/skull-fracture"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Skull fractures in infants\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36935091\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935093\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn infants who have a skull fracture, the meninges surrounding the brain occasionally protrude through and become trapped by the fracture, forming a fluid-filled sac called a growing fracture or leptomeningeal cyst. The sac develops over 3 to 6 weeks and may be the first evidence that the skull was fractured.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v740178\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v740180\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCertain symptoms suggest a fracture at the base of the skull:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36935114\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935118\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eComputed tomography\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v740191\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935135\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor most fractures, observation in the hospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Fractures at the base of the skull\",\"UniqueID\":\"v740195\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935135\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor most fractures, observation in the hospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Depressed skull fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v740208\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935135\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor most fractures, observation in the hospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Skull fractures in children\",\"UniqueID\":\"v740211\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36935135\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor most fractures, observation in the hospital\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A skull fracture is a break in a bone surrounding the brain. Skull fractures can occur with or without brain damage. Symptoms may include pain, symptoms of brain damage, and, in certain fractures..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"F84353E9AF484F7B99D1631CE5AD37C1","TopicName":{"value":"Sports-Related Concussion"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/sports-related-concussion"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Repeat injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v9117605\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v9117607\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUnlike with other causes of concussion, such as car crashes and falls, sports participants are continually at risk of concussion. Thus, repeat injury is more likely. Athletes are particularly susceptible if another head injury occurs before they have fully recovered from a previous concussion. And even after recovery, athletes who continue participating are 2 to 4 times more likely to have another concussion than if they had never had one. Also, repeat concussions can be caused by an impact less severe than the impact that caused the first one.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Second-impact syndrome\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36934940\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934942\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSecond-impact syndrome is a rare but serious complication of concussion. In this syndrome, the brain rapidly swells after athletes have a second concussion before they recover completely from a previous concussion. Almost half of athletes with this syndrome die.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v9117611\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v9117613\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople with a concussion may or may not lose consciousness, but they have symptoms of brain dysfunction. Symptoms include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Postconcussion syndrome\",\"UniqueID\":\"v9117625\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v9117613\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople with a concussion may or may not lose consciousness, but they have symptoms of brain dysfunction. Symptoms include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v9117643\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934956\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v9117649\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934968\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Return to play\",\"UniqueID\":\"v9117663\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36934968\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A concussion is a temporary change in brain function after a head injury without any signs of brain damage on imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}}]}},{"id":"17278EE608A1472DB78E795D49B69455","ChapterName":{"value":"Injury to the Urinary Tract and Genitals"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals"},"SortIndex":{"value":"16"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v763906\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe kidneys and the rest of the urinary tract (the \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/bladder-injuries\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Bladder Injuries\u0026quot; data-id=\"41d783e2-f550-4170-afd0-936553cdd5de\" data-itemid=\"327e7b4d-5caa-423d-8959-bbce8c8f68c6\"\u003ebladder\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"41d783e2-f550-4170-afd0-936553cdd5de\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/bladder-injuries\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Bladder Injuries \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/ureteral-injuries\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Ureteral Injuries\u0026quot; data-id=\"91f504f3-bcbf-45e0-9ccd-9d18baeb9fcd\" data-itemid=\"b81010c2-4e6d-427b-9db3-b0a9b01d4cfc\"\u003eureters\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"91f504f3-bcbf-45e0-9ccd-9d18baeb9fcd\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/ureteral-injuries\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Ureteral Injuries \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e [tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder], and \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/urethral-injuries\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Urethral Injuries\u0026quot; data-id=\"e208fad6-26a9-42e9-8e79-fedfa216625f\" data-itemid=\"f0cfec6e-ce03-4776-8320-3de5db6c5518\"\u003eurethra\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"e208fad6-26a9-42e9-8e79-fedfa216625f\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/urethral-injuries\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Urethral Injuries \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e [the tube through which urine flows out of the body]) may become injured in a number of ways. Examples include injuries due to a blunt force (most commonly motor vehicle crashes, falls, or sports injuries) or a penetrating force (most commonly gunshot or stab wounds), or surgery. Injuries to the urinary tract often occur together with injuries to other organs, especially abdominal organs. In men, the \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/genital-injuries\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Genital Injuries\u0026quot; data-id=\"0bc7c1e2-2992-4216-9716-d6185681cfe8\" data-itemid=\"eeb9eb91-1417-4850-bd3d-f0d0d94390ae\"\u003epenis and testes\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"0bc7c1e2-2992-4216-9716-d6185681cfe8\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/genital-injuries\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Genital Injuries \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e may also be injured.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"4A2CFAC8FF5C48E89ECE54290870F967","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Urinary Tract and Genital Injury"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/overview-of-urinary-tract-and-genital-injury"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"The kidneys and the rest of the urinary tract (the bladder, ureters [tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder], and urethra [the tube through which urine flows out of the body]..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"327E7B4D5CAA423D8959BBCE8C8F68C6","TopicName":{"value":"Bladder Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/bladder-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Complications\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34445631\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445633\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIf bladder injuries are not promptly treated, complications such as the following may develop:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v763918\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v763920\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe most common symptoms of a bladder injury are visible blood in the urine, difficulty urinating, and pain and distention (swelling) in the pelvis and lower abdomen or pain during urination. If the lowermost portion of the bladder (where the muscle that helps to control urination is located) has been injured, the person may experience urinary incontinence.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34445650\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445654\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCystography, usually with computed tomography (CT) or standard x-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v763922\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445660\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCatheterization to drain bladder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A bladder injury often occurs when the pelvis is injured, as in a high-speed motor vehicle crash or a fall. Penetrating wounds, usually resulting from gunshots, can rarely injure the bladder..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"2FD9679B453943D69D4DCB4E8E768755","TopicName":{"value":"Kidney Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/kidney-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v763941\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v763943\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of a blunt kidney injury may include blood in the urine, pain or bruising in the upper abdomen or the area between the ribs and hip (flank), marks near a kidney made by a seat belt, or pain resulting from fractures of the lower ribs. When kidney injuries are severe, dangerously low blood pressure (shock) and anemia may occur if the person loses a significant amount of blood.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34445710\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445714\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUrine test\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v763961\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445724\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor injuries that require hospital admission, control of fluid intake and bed rest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Kidneys are injured from external trauma more often than any of the organs along the urinary tract. Blunt force due to motor vehicle crashes, falls, or sports injuries is the usual cause of..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"B81010C24E6D427B9DB3B0A9B01D4CFC","TopicName":{"value":"Ureteral Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/ureteral-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Complications\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34445754\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445756\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIf ureteral injuries are untreated, complications may result, such as \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v763977\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v763979\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople with ureteral injuries may complain simply of pain in the abdomen or the area between the ribs and the hip (flank), or they may notice urine leaking from their wound. Fever may accompany an infection caused by persistent urinary leakage. Blood may appear in the urine.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34445768\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445772\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImaging tests, exploratory surgery, or both\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v763981\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445778\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor injuries, ureteral stent or urine drainage tube\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. (See Overview of Urinary Tract and Genital Injury.) Most injuries to the ureter occur during pelvic or abdominal operations..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"F0CFEC6ECE03477683203DE5DB6C5518","TopicName":{"value":"Urethral Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/urethral-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v763999\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v764001\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe most common symptoms of urethral injuries include blood at the tip of the penis in men or the urethral opening in women, blood in the urine, an inability to urinate, and pain during urination. Bruising may be visible between the legs or in the genitals. Other symptoms may arise when complications develop. For example, if urine leaks into surrounding tissues, infection may result. In addition, the injury may cause the urethra to narrow ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/men-s-health-issues/penile-and-testicular-disorders/urethral-stricture\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Urethral Stricture\\\" data-id=\\\"aed77640-0ca6-451f-8561-0427340abf95\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4399fde5-cfc9-446b-a6c4-890a582d5d9d\\\"\u003estricture\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"aed77640-0ca6-451f-8561-0427340abf95\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/men-s-health-issues/penile-and-testicular-disorders/urethral-stricture\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Urethral Stricture \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e or stenosis) near or at the site of injury, making it difficult to urinate. Men may also experience impairment in the ability to have an erection ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/men-s-health-issues/sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-men/erectile-dysfunction-ed\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Erectile Dysfunction (ED)\\\" data-id=\\\"c903273a-585f-4001-a233-7137a3c65b72\\\" data-itemid=\\\"a2bc3dbc-88e1-4e6a-b4f9-99eb0cc5eeac\\\"\u003eerectile dysfunction\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"c903273a-585f-4001-a233-7137a3c65b72\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/men-s-health-issues/sexual-function-and-dysfunction-in-men/erectile-dysfunction-ed\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Erectile Dysfunction (ED) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e), caused by damage to the nerves or blood supply to the penis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34445796\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445800\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRetrograde urethrography\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v764003\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34445805\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBladder drainage tube\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder outside the body. In men, the urethra runs through the middle of the penis. Most urethral injuries occur in men. Common causes include..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"EEB9EB9114174850BD3DF0D0D94390AE","TopicName":{"value":"Genital Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injury-to-the-urinary-tract-and-genitals/genital-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Cuts to the penis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v800478\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v800480\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCatching the penis in a pants zipper is common, especially in children, but the resulting minor cut usually heals quickly. The goal is to simply keep these clean; antibiotics should be taken if the cuts become infected.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Fracture of the penis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v800486\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v800489\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eExcessive bending can fracture an erect penis. Such bending may occur during vigorous sexual intercourse if the penis is stubbed against the partner’s pelvic bone. Fracture of the penis may also involve a urethral injury. The “fracture” is actually a tear in the covering (tunica albuginea) of one of the two tube-like structures in the penis (corpus cavernosum) that hold the additional blood flow that maintains erection.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Injury of the scrotum and testes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v800501\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v800503\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe location of the scrotum makes it susceptible to injury. Blunt forces (for example, a kick or crushing blow) cause most injuries. However, occasionally gunshot or stab wounds penetrate the scrotum and testes. Rarely, the scrotum can develop severe and rapidly progressive infections such as \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/gas-gangrene\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Gas Gangrene\\\" data-id=\\\"3e32fab0-9514-4904-a7cd-b9a82b6395c3\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d3d28fec-ef08-4adb-9d5a-77b4df6f6c31\\\"\u003egangrene\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"3e32fab0-9514-4904-a7cd-b9a82b6395c3\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/gas-gangrene\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Gas Gangrene \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. If gangrene develops, the involved tissues are surgically removed and the person is given antibiotics by vein (intravenously). Reconstructive surgery can be done after the infection is controlled.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Most genital injuries occur in men and may involve injury to the testes, scrotum, and/or penis. Severe genital injuries occur most commonly on the battlefield, usually from ground explosives..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}}]}},{"id":"8EE3F12EEC4647FDA9D7054F17CA383B","ChapterName":{"value":"Eye Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"10"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v797680\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe structure of the face and eyes is well suited for protecting the eyes from injury. The eyeball is set into the orbit, a socket surrounded by a strong, bony ridge. The eyelids close quickly to form a barrier to foreign objects, and the eye can at times tolerate minor impact without damage. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"F757DEF490F74488AE5D38EFAD229482","TopicName":{"value":"Black Eye"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/black-eye"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"In the first 24 hours after a blunt eye injury, blood may leak into the skin of the eyelid and surrounding areas, causing swelling and a bruise (contusion), commonly called a black eye. (See..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"985AAF3E5BD74AF5AC936A7B2B5A4DD9","TopicName":{"value":"Hyphema"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/hyphema"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23633972\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23633976\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBed rest with the head of the bed elevated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A hyphema is bleeding into the front chamber (the fluid-filled space between the clear cornea and the colored iris) of the eye. Additional bleeding (rebleeding) may occur up to several days..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"1F6420973A9D4AC0B311BCB4BD7F28C2","TopicName":{"value":"Retinal Detachment Caused by Injury to the Eye"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/retinal-detachment-caused-by-injury-to-the-eye"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36968503\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36968505\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA retinal detachment is painless and may be asymptomatic initially or if there is a small detachment. People usually have the following symptoms, which worsen as more of the retina detaches: \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36968516\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36968520\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's examination of the eye\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36968524\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36968528\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSurgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The retina is the light-sensitive structure at the back of the eye. Blunt injury may cause part of the retina or the entire retina to tear or to separate (detach) from its underlying surface..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"}},{"id":"555B9F5779A34FCFAF4BFA600500E772","TopicName":{"value":"Intraocular Foreign Bodies"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/intraocular-foreign-bodies"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634142\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634144\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eExplosions and any tool with a metal-on-metal mechanism can cause intraocular foreign bodies by causing small particles to fly in a person’s face. For example, using high-speed machines (such as drills and saws) or hammering a nail or other metal object with a hammer can produce high-speed metallic particles. Any of these particles can enter the unprotected eye and become embedded deep within it. Similarly, if a person is accidentally poked in the eye with a pencil, a small piece of the tip could break off and become embedded in the eye.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634147\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634149\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDuring the first hours after injury, symptoms of intraocular foreign bodies may be similar to those of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/corneal-abrasions-and-corneal-foreign-bodies#v797802\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Symptoms\\\" data-id=\\\"c8e47af5-44af-494d-91f9-463775099d91\\\" data-itemid=\\\"f0bbf808-9dc0-4679-8532-67aa3167951b\\\"\u003ecorneal abrasions and corneal foreign bodies\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"c8e47af5-44af-494d-91f9-463775099d91\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/corneal-abrasions-and-corneal-foreign-bodies#v797802\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Symptoms \u003c/span\u003e Foreign bodies in the cornea cause abrasions, resulting in pain and redness, and lead to infections, even after they are removed. Most of these injuries are minor. (See also Overview of Eye... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. However, people with intraocular foreign bodies may also have a noticeable loss of vision. Fluid may leak from the eye, but if the foreign body is small, the leak may be so small that the person is not aware of it. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634151\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634155\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAn ophthalmologist's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634162\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634166\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAntibiotics \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634159\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634161\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople involved in activities or work using grinders, drills, saws, or hammers, should wear protective eyewear (such as face shields, safety glasses, or goggles) to help prevent intraocular foreign bodies and other eye injuries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Foreign bodies that penetrate the eyeball are rare but can lead to a serious infection and complications, including a risk of developing blindness. (See also Overview of Eye Injuries.) Explosions..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}},{"id":"0E48EEA386014E99974FB187A0CCB1CC","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Eye Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/overview-of-eye-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v797681\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v797683\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCommon causes of eye injury include accidents at home and in the workplace, exposure to toxic chemicals such as cleaning products (see \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/burns-to-the-eye\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Burns to the Eye\\\" data-id=\\\"4fc1226a-04f5-4500-93ef-f28a5c048917\\\" data-itemid=\\\"7b09f889-e8c4-49e0-8475-1a7610fa3205\\\"\u003eBurns to the Eye\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"4fc1226a-04f5-4500-93ef-f28a5c048917\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/burns-to-the-eye\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Burns to the Eye \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e), physical assault, accidents related to sports or other activities (including those from air guns, paint guns, or pellet guns), and motor vehicle accidents (including injuries caused by an air bag). People with eye injuries may also have other head or neck injuries. In addition, exposure to strong ultraviolet light, as from a welding arc or bright sunlight reflected off snow, can injure the cornea (see \u003ca href=\\\"/home/eye-disorders/corneal-disorders/superficial-punctate-keratitis\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Superficial Punctate Keratitis\\\" data-id=\\\"c33f6f98-f1ee-4c64-aeed-e2ab14142d7e\\\" data-itemid=\\\"29e43594-3207-448e-b478-eb631001d763\\\"\u003eSuperficial Punctate Keratitis\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"c33f6f98-f1ee-4c64-aeed-e2ab14142d7e\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/eye-disorders/corneal-disorders/superficial-punctate-keratitis\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Superficial Punctate Keratitis \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Evaluation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v797685\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v797687\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA person with an eye injury should be examined by a doctor. Glasses (if worn) should be brought so that the person’s vision can be assessed with their normal correction. This assessment can help the doctor know whether any abnormal vision is a new problem or an old one. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8129324\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8129326\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUse of eye guards, goggles, or special eyeglasses, such as those constructed of polycarbonate lenses in a wrap-around polyamide frame, is a simple precaution that greatly reduces the risk of eye injury. Specific protective eyewear is available for a variety of sports as well as for construction work.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The structure of the face and eyes is well suited for protecting the eyes from injury. The eyeball is set into the orbit, a socket surrounded by a strong, bony ridge. The eyelids close quickly..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"FD319912B404488F974E3D3896AFF327","TopicName":{"value":"Fractures of the Orbit"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/fractures-of-the-orbit"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Blowout fracture\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8129342\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8129345\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSometimes the eye is struck in such a way that the force of the blow is received by the eyeball and not blocked by the strong bones around the eye (as when struck by a small object such as a golf ball or a fist). In this case, the pressure on the eyeball is transmitted to the walls of the orbit. This pressure can fracture one of the most fragile parts of the orbit, the part underneath the eyeball (orbital floor). Direct blows to the face can also transmit forces causing the same fracture. These types of injuries are known as blowout fractures. Sometimes parts within the eye socket, such as the fat surrounding the eye and less frequently a muscle attached to the eye, are forced through the fractured bone and become trapped. This condition (called muscle entrapment) happens most often in children, teens, and young adults and requires urgent repair.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v797750\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v797752\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome people with a fracture of the orbit have no symptoms. However, most fractures of the orbit are painful, and the area swells because blood and fluid accumulate. The accumulated blood usually causes the swollen area to appear blue or purple (a \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/black-eye\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Black Eye\\\" data-id=\\\"9b06afbc-5021-437d-8517-8bd75b0d29ef\\\" data-itemid=\\\"f757def4-90f7-4488-ae5d-38efad229482\\\"\u003eblack eye\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"9b06afbc-5021-437d-8517-8bd75b0d29ef\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/black-eye\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Black Eye \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/m/3/3/m3301129-eyelid-contusion-black-eye-science-photo-library-high.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Black Eye\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e). Sometimes the nose bleeds.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v797754\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634014\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eComputed tomography\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634015\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634019\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMinimizing pain and nosebleeds \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A severe blow to the face can fracture any of several bones that form the orbit (the bony cavity that contains the eyeball, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels, as well as the structures that..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"FD1F4CEA98AA489387C51BEAA139D25B","TopicName":{"value":"Eyelid and Eyeball Lacerations"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/eyelid-and-eyeball-lacerations"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Eyelid Laceration\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36968553\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36968555\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIf the skin around the eye or on the eyelid has been cut, stitches may be needed. When possible, stitches near the edge of the eyelid should be placed by an ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in the evaluation and treatment—surgical and nonsurgical—of eye disorders). The stitches are carefully placed to ensure that no deformities develop that will affect the way the eyelids close and move over the cornea (at the front of the eye). An injury that causes the eyelid to droop goes through the entire thickness of the eyelid, or affects the tear ducts (ducts that drain tears off the eye) also should be repaired by an ophthalmologist. The tear ducts are in parts of both the lower and upper eyelids nearest the nose.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Eyeball Laceration\",\"UniqueID\":\"v797769\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36968556\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOf those lacerations that affect the eyeball, many are superficial. However, some cuts go through the white of the eye (sclera) or the transparent dome on the front surface of the eye (cornea), penetrating the eye’s interior. Such cuts are considered a rupture of the eyeball (globe). The globe also can be ruptured by a blunt force. Most people with a ruptured globe have decreased vision. The eye is often obviously distorted, and the pupil may be shaped like a teardrop. Sometimes fluid leaks out of the eye. Excessive bleeding under the conjunctiva (the thin mucous membrane that covers the cornea) is sometimes a symptom of a ruptured globe. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36968559\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36968556\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOf those lacerations that affect the eyeball, many are superficial. However, some cuts go through the white of the eye (sclera) or the transparent dome on the front surface of the eye (cornea), penetrating the eye’s interior. Such cuts are considered a rupture of the eyeball (globe). The globe also can be ruptured by a blunt force. Most people with a ruptured globe have decreased vision. The eye is often obviously distorted, and the pupil may be shaped like a teardrop. Sometimes fluid leaks out of the eye. Excessive bleeding under the conjunctiva (the thin mucous membrane that covers the cornea) is sometimes a symptom of a ruptured globe. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v36968571\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36968556\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOf those lacerations that affect the eyeball, many are superficial. However, some cuts go through the white of the eye (sclera) or the transparent dome on the front surface of the eye (cornea), penetrating the eye’s interior. Such cuts are considered a rupture of the eyeball (globe). The globe also can be ruptured by a blunt force. Most people with a ruptured globe have decreased vision. The eye is often obviously distorted, and the pupil may be shaped like a teardrop. Sometimes fluid leaks out of the eye. Excessive bleeding under the conjunctiva (the thin mucous membrane that covers the cornea) is sometimes a symptom of a ruptured globe. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v94168354\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36968569\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eEven after all possible medical and surgical treatment, a serious eyeball laceration may result in partial or total loss of vision. Very rarely, after a severe eyeball laceration (or eye surgery), the \u003ci \u003euninjured\u003c/i\u003e eye becomes inflamed ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/eye-disorders/uveitis-and-related-disorders/sympathetic-ophthalmia\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Sympathetic Ophthalmia\\\" data-id=\\\"dd8c4d8e-8f90-4767-870a-267bc0624bc6\\\" data-itemid=\\\"ef197e38-2160-46fa-9aeb-77a43046c7fc\\\"\u003esympathetic ophthalmia\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"dd8c4d8e-8f90-4767-870a-267bc0624bc6\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/eye-disorders/uveitis-and-related-disorders/sympathetic-ophthalmia\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Sympathetic Ophthalmia \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e), which may result in partial loss of vision or even blindness if left untreated. Topical and systemic medications can effectively treat this reaction. Doctors may remove an irreversibly damaged eye with no vision to prevent sympathetic ophthalmia and to improve the external appearance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Most cuts (lacerations) around the eyes affect the eyelids rather than the eyeball. (See also Overview of Eye Injuries.) If the skin around the eye or on the eyelid has been cut, stitches may..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"F0BBF8089DC04679853267AA3167951B","TopicName":{"value":"Corneal Abrasions and Corneal Foreign Bodies"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/corneal-abrasions-and-corneal-foreign-bodies"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v797796\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v797798\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eParticles are common causes of corneal abrasions. Particles can be dispersed via explosions, wind, or working with tools (for example, grinders, saws, hammers, drills, or rotary tools with a metal-on-metal mechanism). Contact lenses are a common cause of corneal abrasions. Poorly fitting lenses, lenses worn when the eyes are dry, lenses that have been incompletely cleaned and that have particles attached to them, lenses left in the eyes too long, lenses left in inappropriately during sleep, and forceful or inept removal of lenses can result in scratches on the surface of the eyes. Other common sources of abrasions are\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v797801\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v797803\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCorneal abrasions and foreign bodies usually cause pain, tearing, and a feeling that there is something in the eye. They may also cause redness (due to dilated blood vessels on the surface of the eye) or, occasionally, swelling of the eye and eyelid. Vision may become blurred. Light may cause the muscle that constricts the pupil to undergo a painful spasm.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v797805\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634102\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634109\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634113\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval of foreign bodies\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Corneal foreign bodies\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634118\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634113\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval of foreign bodies\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Corneal abrasions\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634124\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634113\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval of foreign bodies\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634103\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634105\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFortunately, the surface cells of the eye regenerate rapidly. Even large corneal abrasions tend to heal in 1 to 3 days. A contact lens should not be worn for 5 days after the abrasion heals. A follow-up examination by an ophthalmologist (a medical doctor who specializes in the evaluation and treatment—surgical and nonsurgical—of eye disorders) 1 or 2 days after the injury is wise, but the time frame may vary based on the size and severity of the injury.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Foreign bodies in the cornea cause abrasions, resulting in pain and redness, and lead to infections, even after they are removed. Most of these injuries are minor. (See also Overview of Eye..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"7B09F889E8C449E084751A7610FA3205","TopicName":{"value":"Burns to the Eye"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/burns-to-the-eye"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v797844\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634190\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImmediate flushing of the eye with water\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Chemical burns\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634193\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634190\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImmediate flushing of the eye with water\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Thermal burns\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634213\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634190\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImmediate flushing of the eye with water\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Burns to the eye can occur after heat-related or chemical-related injuries and can result in serious complications, including permanent blindness. (See also Overview of Eye Injuries.) The eyelids..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"1F274388D89B49D9A4C9BEF9ABEE1334","TopicName":{"value":"Traumatic Iritis and Chemical Iritis"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/eye-injuries/traumatic-iritis-and-chemical-iritis"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23634230\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23634234\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMedications to relieve pain and decrease inflammation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Iritis is inflammation of the pigmented inside lining of the eye (uvea), iris, or both. (See also Overview of Eye Injuries.) Iritis can develop after blunt eye trauma or a chemical burn, typically..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"9"}}]}},{"id":"605D5089F9014D348DF170826291ADCC","ChapterName":{"value":"Burns"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns"},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v825456\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eBurns are injuries to tissue that result from heat, electricity, radiation, or chemicals.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"DB48F3CDFE614722A8E1E45BB55F5E75","TopicName":{"value":"Chemical Burns"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns/chemical-burns"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v39821536\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v39821538\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eChemical burns of the skin usually cause symptoms similar to those of superficial (first-degree) burns. The area is red, swollen, and painful but does not develop blisters. Sometimes, burns are deeper, with blisters and severe pain. Rarely, a strong acid or alkali will cause a full-thickness (third-degree) burn that damages the skin all the way through.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v39821541\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v39821543\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe steps in stopping chemical burns are\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Chemical burns are caused by caustic substances that contact the skin or eyes or are swallowed. (See also Burns to the Eye.) Caustic substances are chemicals that can damage tissue. The damage..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"D6EA4F8013A947B8B6DB633B6BD9872E","TopicName":{"value":"Smoke Inhalation"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns/smoke-inhalation"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v39821604\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v39821606\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, nausea, drowsiness, confusion, and coma. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v39821609\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v39821613\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's examination\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v39821620\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v39821624\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor simple smoke inhalation, oxygen \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Smoke can suffocate people and sometimes also contains toxic chemicals produced by the burning substance. Some of these chemicals can damage the lungs or poison the body. Many people who have..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"9B890C6BC9A3422289D64337F8E7992E","TopicName":{"value":"Burns"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns/burns"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Classification\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825501\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825503\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctors classify burns according to strict, widely accepted definitions. The definitions classify the burn’s depth and the extent of tissue damage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Burn depth\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825504\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825503\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctors classify burns according to strict, widely accepted definitions. The definitions classify the burn’s depth and the extent of tissue damage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Burn severity\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825526\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825503\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctors classify burns according to strict, widely accepted definitions. The definitions classify the burn’s depth and the extent of tissue damage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825537\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825539\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of a burn wound vary with the burn’s depth:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Complications\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825579\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825581\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cb \u003eMinor burns\u003c/b\u003e are usually superficial and do not cause complications. However, deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burns swell and take more time to heal. In addition, deeper burns can cause scar tissue to form. This scar tissue shrinks (contracts) as it heals. If the scarring occurs in a limb or digit, the resulting contracture may restrict movement of nearby joints.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28363998\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28364002\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eEvaluation of depth and extent of wound\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825600\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28364035\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor burns, cooling the wound with room temperature water for several minutes, followed by wound care and dressing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Superficial minor burns\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825605\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28364035\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor burns, cooling the wound with room temperature water for several minutes, followed by wound care and dressing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Deep minor burns\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825638\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28364035\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor burns, cooling the wound with room temperature water for several minutes, followed by wound care and dressing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Severe burns\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825650\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28364035\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor burns, cooling the wound with room temperature water for several minutes, followed by wound care and dressing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825666\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825668\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSuperficial and some partial-thickness burns heal in days to weeks without scarring. Deep partial-thickness and small full-thickness burns take weeks to heal and usually cause scarring. Most require skin grafting. Burns that involve more than 90% of the body surface, or more than 60% in an older adult, are often fatal.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Burns are injuries to tissue that result from heat, electricity, radiation, or chemicals. Burns cause varying degrees of pain, blisters, swelling, and skin loss. Small, shallow burns may need..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"1F88E3B3CA384F57A2A233DDBB146E2E","ChapterName":{"value":"Sports Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"22"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v825702\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSports injuries are common among athletes and other people who participate in sports. Certain injuries that are traditionally considered sports injuries can also occur in people who do not participate in sports. For example, homemakers and factory workers often develop \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/lateral-epicondylitis\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Lateral Epicondylitis\u0026quot; data-id=\"3e68222d-edb5-48f8-b0bf-eb7d62f3777e\" data-itemid=\"a9e9f509-1904-4a1d-8063-bf5762516477\"\u003etennis elbow\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"3e68222d-edb5-48f8-b0bf-eb7d62f3777e\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/lateral-epicondylitis\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Lateral Epicondylitis \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, although they may never have played tennis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"77E32699E50F4859B982A9375C3E1F91","TopicName":{"value":"Rotator Cuff Injury/Subacromial Bursitis"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/rotator-cuff-injury-subacromial-bursitis"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976191\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976193\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eShoulder pain is the main symptom. At first, the pain occurs only during activities that require lifting the arm over the head (impingement syndrome). Pain is worse when lifting the arm between 60 and 120° away from the side. Unless effectively treated, the shoulder may later become painful at rest (tendinitis), often particularly at night, disrupting sleep. If the tendon tears, normal outward turning of the arm at the shoulder is weak or impossible.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976194\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976198\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976200\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976204\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The muscles that help hold the upper arm in the shoulder joint (the rotator cuff muscles) can get pinched (shoulder impingement syndrome), become inflamed (tendinitis), or can tear partially..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"F8F461244B3D4701B1ECD609F977F392","TopicName":{"value":"Glenoid Labral Tear"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/glenoid-labral-tear"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"The glenoid labrum, which cushions and helps stabilize the shoulder joint, can tear as a result of injury. (See also Overview of Sports Injuries.) The shoulders are ball-and-socket joints that..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"A9E9F50919044A1D8063BF5762516477","TopicName":{"value":"Lateral Epicondylitis"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/lateral-epicondylitis"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976298\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976300\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eLateral epicondylitis can be caused by repetitive backhand returns in tennis. Other activities (for example, rowing and doing forearm curls while holding weights or repeatedly and forcefully turning a screwdriver) can also cause lateral epicondylitis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976302\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976304\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePain occurs in the outside of the forearm when the wrist is extended away from the palm. Pain can extend from around the elbow to the middle of the forearm. Pain may be increased by firm gripping (handshaking) or even turning door knobs. Continuing to stress the forearm muscles can worsen this condition and result in pain even when the forearm is not being used.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976305\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976309\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976311\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976315\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Lateral epicondylitis is inflammation of the tendons of muscles that extend the hand backward and away from the palm. (See also Overview of Sports Injuries.) Pain develops in the outer aspect..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"4F0CA7312AC348B1B996F1CA163DD08E","TopicName":{"value":"Medial Epicondylitis"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/medial-epicondylitis"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976353\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976357\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976359\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976363\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Medial epicondylitis is inflammation of the tendons of the muscles that flex or bend the palm toward the wrist, causing pain on the inner aspect of the elbow and forearm. (See also Overview..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"E2BE2E398BF64F799F48D87AE4EBC049","TopicName":{"value":"Piriformis Syndrome"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/piriformis-syndrome"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976384\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976386\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA chronic nagging ache, pain, tingling, or numbness starts in the buttocks and can extend down the entire back of the thigh and calf, and sometimes into the foot. Pain worsens when the piriformis is pressed against the sciatic nerve (for example, while sitting on a toilet, a car seat, or a narrow bicycle seat or while running).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976387\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976391\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976393\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976397\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Piriformis syndrome is compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle (a flat muscle of the buttocks located near the hip), causing pain in the buttocks and occasionally sciatica..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"}},{"id":"D10FE7BB231D4C1892711B72B84BB175","TopicName":{"value":"Pain in the Front of the Knee"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/pain-in-the-front-of-the-knee"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Runner’s knee\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976477\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976479\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWeak thigh muscles are a common cause of runner’s knee, a treatable cause of anterior knee pain. Weak thigh muscles allow the kneecap to move sideways and rub abnormally against the thighbone. Runner’s knee usually starts out with knee pain when running downhill. Later, any running or walking, especially down steps, is painful.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Excessive pronation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976480\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976482\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eExcessive pronation of the foot (rolling of the foot inward) when walking or running can cause knee pain. Pronation forces the thigh muscles (quadriceps) to pull the kneecap outward and rub abnormally against the end of the thighbone.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976483\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976487\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976489\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976493\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Factors such as weak thigh muscles, excessive pronation, and tight leg muscles and tendons can cause pain in the front part of the knee. People may feel pain when running downhill but eventually..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"10"}},{"id":"100CEF82355E4CF39626DB847F12F820","TopicName":{"value":"Shin Splints"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/shin-splints"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976546\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976548\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePain can be in the front outer aspect of the leg or the back inner part of the leg. Shin splint pain typically begins at the start of activity but then lessens as activity continues. At first, the pain is felt only immediately after the heel strikes the ground during running or walking. If the person continues to run, the pain occurs throughout each step, eventually becoming constant. Pain usually disappears with rest.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976549\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976553\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976555\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976559\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Shin splints refers to pain in the lower legs that can be from various causes but that typically is caused by running or vigorous walking. (See also Overview of Sports Injuries.) Pain can occur..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"11"}},{"id":"3EFAD09BEB3A4CCBB2D2849BDAA4519B","TopicName":{"value":"Achilles Tendinitis"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/achilles-tendinitis"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Achilles tendinitis is inflammation of the Achilles tendon, the tough band of tissue connecting the calf muscles to the heel. (See also Overview of Sports Injuries.) Achilles tendinitis is very..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"12"}},{"id":"49307397355C48BC89312BE205B2956E","TopicName":{"value":"Stress Fractures of the Foot"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/stress-fractures-of-the-foot"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976640\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976642\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWith metatarsal stress fractures, forefoot pain most often occurs after a long or intense workout, and then disappears shortly after stopping exercise. With subsequent exercise, onset of pain is earlier and may become so severe that it prevents exercise and persists even when not bearing weight. During physical examination, the foot may show signs of acute inflammation, or the pain can be reproduced by applying pressure to or squeezing the foot.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976643\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976647\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13976665\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976669\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Stress fractures are small, incomplete fractures (breaks) in bones that result from repeated stress rather than a distinct injury. (See also Overview of Sports Injuries.) Pain occurs with weight-bearing..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"13"}},{"id":"82863C444A72462D837F39241DCF148E","TopicName":{"value":"Jersey Finger"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/jersey-finger"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v60534408\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v60534411\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTendons that originate in the forearm control the fingers' ability to grip things. One of those tendons (flexor digitorum profundus [FDP]) flexes the fingertip (toward the palm). \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v60534413\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v60534416\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe injured finger cannot flex at the fingertip. The other joints are not affected. The fingertip is painful when touched and may be swollen. The affected finger remains slightly more extended (bent away from the palm) than other fingers while in a resting position.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v60534417\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v60534422\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v60534426\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v60534431\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSurgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Jersey finger occurs when an athlete's bent finger gets caught in the material of an opposing player's shirt (jersey), and that finger is then forcibly straightened out when the opposing player..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}},{"id":"26208A20AA9E41CDAF580A04F900AD99","TopicName":{"value":"Turf Toe"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/turf-toe"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v60534452\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v60534455\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTurf toe results when the joint of the big toe is bent upward more than 90° while the heel is raised off the ground (for example, when pushing off to sprint). Such a movement can sprain the ligaments and tear the soft tissues around the joint. Turf toe is more likely to affect athletes who play on artificial turf, which is harder and less shock absorbent than grass. However, any athlete at risk of jamming or hyperextending the big toe can develop turf toe, including gymnasts, wrestlers, and dancers. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v60534458\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v60534461\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople with turf toe usually have sudden pain in the joint at the base of their big toe. The joint may become swollen. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v60534463\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v60534468\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v60534472\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v60534477\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSplinting ice, elevation, and analgesics\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Turf toe is a sprain of the ligaments on the underside of the big toe joint. Turf toe is a common injury responsible for loss of playing time among athletes. (See also Metatarsal Joint Pain..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"14"}},{"id":"770DD4AF057B497285E13736A710945E","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Sports Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/overview-of-sports-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Overuse\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825723\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825725\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOne of the most common causes of sports injuries is overuse (excessive wear and tear). Overuse injuries are often due to faulty technique, but people with overweight or obesity may be at increased risk for overuse injuries caused by the increased load on the bones and joints. An example of an improper technique is running along the same side of a banked road. Repeatedly hitting the slightly higher surface with the same foot results in different forces being applied to the right and left hips and knees. This difference in forces increases the risk of injury on the side striking the higher surface and changes the forces acting on the other leg, risking injury to it as well.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Blunt trauma\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825740\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825742\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBlunt athletic trauma can result in bruises, \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/sports-related-concussion\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Sports-Related Concussion\\\" data-id=\\\"af79055d-8d67-47ba-b7c1-9965fe1c32e7\\\" data-itemid=\\\"f84353e9-af48-4f7b-99d1-631ce5ad37c1\\\"\u003econcussions\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"af79055d-8d67-47ba-b7c1-9965fe1c32e7\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/head-injuries/sports-related-concussion\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Sports-Related Concussion \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/overview-of-fractures\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Fractures\\\" data-id=\\\"1effbe39-bb6c-4d1e-9f11-172a716e3499\\\" data-itemid=\\\"57d29fc2-8075-4b0e-88e4-1e11438a0df9\\\"\u003efractures\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"1effbe39-bb6c-4d1e-9f11-172a716e3499\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/overview-of-fractures\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Fractures \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/m/i/d/midshaft-tibia-campagne-cv-sized.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Overview of Fractures\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. This type of injury usually involves high-impact collisions with other athletes or objects (for example, being tackled in football or checked into the sideboards in hockey), falls, and direct blows (for example, in boxing and the martial arts).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Fractures and dislocations\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825744\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825746\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/overview-of-fractures\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Fractures\\\" data-id=\\\"9f8ed29d-7b64-4717-a8db-42ab97894f99\\\" data-itemid=\\\"57d29fc2-8075-4b0e-88e4-1e11438a0df9\\\"\u003eFractured bones\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"9f8ed29d-7b64-4717-a8db-42ab97894f99\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/overview-of-fractures\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Fractures \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/m/i/d/midshaft-tibia-campagne-cv-sized.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Overview of Fractures\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/overview-of-dislocations\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Dislocations\\\" data-id=\\\"a563d3bb-24a8-45a4-8e23-7bb2143b811e\\\" data-itemid=\\\"08b89d8b-b26e-4987-aaec-2f92f04ff2da\\\"\u003edislocations of a joint\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"a563d3bb-24a8-45a4-8e23-7bb2143b811e\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/dislocations/overview-of-dislocations\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Dislocations \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e are serious injuries that require immediate medical attention. People with these injuries often have deformity of a limb, intense pain, and dysfunction of the limb or joint and must be further evaluated with diagnostic tests, such as x-rays. When people suspect that they have a fracture or dislocated joint, they should splint the limb “as it lies” without moving it and go to the emergency department.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Sprains and strains\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825748\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825750\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/overview-of-sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries\\\" data-id=\\\"fda7dc80-67ee-4cbe-a1f9-f5f86ed7742d\\\" data-itemid=\\\"0f0d973b-6db3-489c-8658-af639e4e541c\\\"\u003eSprains and strains\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"fda7dc80-67ee-4cbe-a1f9-f5f86ed7742d\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries/overview-of-sprains-and-other-soft-tissue-injuries\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/f/x/c/fx-commercial-cast-cover.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Overview of Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue Injuries\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e typically occur with sudden, forceful exertion, most commonly during running, particularly with sudden changes of direction (for example, while dodging and avoiding competitors in football). Such injuries also are common in strength training, when people quickly drop or yank the load rather than moving slowly and smoothly with constant controlled tension.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Children and sports injuries\",\"UniqueID\":\"v46182598\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v46182600\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAbout 3.5 million sports-related injuries involving children younger than 14 occur in the United States each year. As more children participate in organized athletic activities and begin participating at younger ages, they are at greater risk of sports injuries, particularly overuse injuries. This risk is particularly high for children who participate in a single sport year-round, move from one sports season to the next with no break between them, or play on elite-level teams. Some children may try to play when they are injured because they fear being dropped from a team.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825753\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825755\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eInjury always causes pain, which can range from mild to severe. Injured tissue may have any combination of the following characteristics:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825781\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976095\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825798\",\"Index\":8.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976101\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePRICE \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Initial treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825801\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976101\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePRICE \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Rehabilitation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825824\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976101\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePRICE \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v825786\",\"Index\":9.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v825789\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eGeneral measures that help increase \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercising-safely\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Exercising Safely\\\" data-id=\\\"c4d4358d-706c-4e8a-b43f-a7a4f403f7fa\\\" data-itemid=\\\"c73ce96d-298f-4873-b0a1-095642cc07da\\\"\u003esafety during exercise\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"c4d4358d-706c-4e8a-b43f-a7a4f403f7fa\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercising-safely\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Exercising Safely \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, including proper \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/starting-an-exercise-program#v713245\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Screening for sports participation\\\" data-id=\\\"19689d64-bb98-4f80-97f5-c19bc97a4e79\\\" data-itemid=\\\"acb116de-0a67-473b-bb87-629534714e7b\\\"\u003escreening of children and adults\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"19689d64-bb98-4f80-97f5-c19bc97a4e79\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/starting-an-exercise-program#v713245\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Screening for sports participation \u003c/span\u003e People should consult their doctor before beginning competitive sports or an exercise program. Doctors ask about known medical disorders in the person and family members and about symptoms the... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e for preexisting conditions that may make exercise dangerous, \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercising-safely\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Exercising Safely\\\" data-id=\\\"d0fd2a4e-d4d9-4a4d-91b9-f3bdebfb2f10\\\" data-itemid=\\\"c73ce96d-298f-4873-b0a1-095642cc07da\\\"\u003ewarm-up, cool-down, and hydration\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"d0fd2a4e-d4d9-4a4d-91b9-f3bdebfb2f10\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercising-safely\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Exercising Safely \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, are discussed elsewhere. Exercise itself helps prevent injuries because tissues become more resilient to the stresses of vigorous activities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Sports injuries are common among athletes and other people who participate in sports. Certain injuries that are traditionally considered sports injuries can also occur in people who do not participate..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"15BCE8D979B74B499B13E41B9ABD543F","TopicName":{"value":"Shoulder Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/shoulder-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Rotator cuff injuries are the most common shoulder injuries. (For fractures of the upper arm bone, see Upper Arm Fractures. See also Overview of Sports Injuries.) The shoulder is a ball-and-socket..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"6A6486BC702B4EB8A390E801044A0358","TopicName":{"value":"Elbow Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/elbow-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Injuries can occur to the tendons that attach to the elbow. Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) occurs when the tendons of the muscles that extend the hand backward are inflamed. Medial epicondylitis..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"438C45993EC24FFCB35720DD34D4F044","TopicName":{"value":"Hamstring Injury"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/hamstring-injury"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826144\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13976406\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCompression and support\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The muscles in the back of the thigh (hamstrings) can be strained (hamstring pull) in any running activity. (See also Overview of Sports Injuries.) The hamstrings move the hip and knee backward..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"9"}}]}},{"id":"D31DFC46CD9A4298806AD6BB769A0278","ChapterName":{"value":"Heat Disorders"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders"},"SortIndex":{"value":"15"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v826398\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHumans, who are warm-blooded animals, maintain their body temperature within 1 or 2 degrees of 98.6° F (37° C) as measured by mouth and 100.4° F (38° C) as measured rectally, despite large fluctuations in external temperatures. This internal temperature range must be maintained for the body to function normally. Body temperature that gets too high or too low can result in serious injury to organs or death.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"F6B63AD2BF9A480C9F7A0E38515FCBCA","TopicName":{"value":"Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23679838\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23679840\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms usually develop over a few days and include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23679856\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23679860\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTypical symptoms developing in a person who is taking a drug known to cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23679864\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23679868\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eStopping the drug\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is confusion or unresponsiveness, muscle rigidity, high body temperature, and other symptoms that occur when certain antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs or anti-vomiting..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"E277B3ED7EFD412198D98E00EAE86010","TopicName":{"value":"Serotonin Syndrome"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/serotonin-syndrome"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23680059\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23680061\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of serotonin syndrome often begin within 24 hours of ingestion of a drug that affects serotonin receptors. Symptom severity can vary widely. People may have anxiety, agitation and restlessness, easy startling, and delirium with confusion. Tremor or muscle spasms, muscle rigidity, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, high body temperature, sweating, shivering, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23680063\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23680067\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTypical symptoms developing in a person who is taking a drug known to cause serotonin syndrome\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23680070\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23680074\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eStopping drugs that affect the serotonin receptors\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening drug reaction that tends to cause high body temperature, muscle spasms, and anxiety or delirium. Serotonin is a chemical that transmits impulses..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"95866B9B7FB84122A974D1CCC9F1F61C","TopicName":{"value":"Malignant Hyperthermia"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/malignant-hyperthermia"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v25232972\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v25232974\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMalignant hyperthermia may develop during anesthesia or shortly after surgery. Often, the first signs are rapid breathing, a fast heart rate, and muscle rigidity, especially in the jaw. Temperature usually becomes extremely high (usually over 104° [40° C] and sometimes higher than 109° F [43° C]). Abnormal heart rhythms, nausea, and vomiting may occur. Urine may appear brown or bloody.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v25232975\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v25232979\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTypical symptoms developing after anesthesia is given\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v25232995\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v25232999\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRapid cooling of the body\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v25232984\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v25232986\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctors try to prevent malignant hyperthermia in people who are high risk, which includes those with \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Malignant hyperthermia is a rare, life-threatening rise in body temperature that occurs in susceptible people who are given certain muscle-relaxing drugs plus an anesthetic gas for surgery...."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"776549D4CAD345DB895D2C4CBE7885B2","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Heat Disorders"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/overview-of-heat-disorders"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Temperature regulation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826400\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826402\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe body regulates its temperature by balancing heat production and heat loss.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Heat disorders\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826406\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826408\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThere are several types of heat disorder:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Other temperature-regulation disorders\",\"UniqueID\":\"v77982767\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v77982769\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/malignant-hyperthermia\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Malignant Hyperthermia\\\" data-id=\\\"6e1daad7-763b-45aa-8845-1724ae91f409\\\" data-itemid=\\\"95866b9b-7fb8-4122-a974-d1ccc9f1f61c\\\"\u003eMalignant hyperthermia\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"6e1daad7-763b-45aa-8845-1724ae91f409\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/malignant-hyperthermia\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Malignant Hyperthermia \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome\\\" data-id=\\\"db39427d-7c6e-4449-a852-a6f839343607\\\" data-itemid=\\\"f6b63ad2-bf9a-480c-9f7a-0e38515fcbca\\\"\u003eneuroleptic malignant syndrome\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"db39427d-7c6e-4449-a852-a6f839343607\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/serotonin-syndrome\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Serotonin Syndrome\\\" data-id=\\\"dc68a448-4e56-4899-a2b9-6371734aba5f\\\" data-itemid=\\\"e277b3ed-7efd-4121-98d9-8e00eae86010\\\"\u003eserotonin syndrome\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"dc68a448-4e56-4899-a2b9-6371734aba5f\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/serotonin-syndrome\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Serotonin Syndrome \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e are other disorders in which hyperthermia (elevated body temperature) can be life threatening.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826418\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826420\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHeat disorders are caused by excessive heat production, ineffective heat loss, or both.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Risk factors for heat disorders\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23679630\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826420\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHeat disorders are caused by excessive heat production, ineffective heat loss, or both.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826459\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826462\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following are some ways to prevent heat disorders: \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Exertion in the heat\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826467\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826462\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following are some ways to prevent heat disorders: \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Humans, who are warm-blooded animals, maintain their body temperature within 1 or 2 degrees of 98.6° F (37° C) as measured by mouth and 100.4° F (38° C) as measured rectally, despite large fluctuations..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"DCB14DA4DB4B40158355A1B6E4991B26","TopicName":{"value":"Heat Cramps"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/heat-cramps"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Heat cramps are severe muscle spasms resulting from a combination of prolonged exercise, heavy sweating, and excessive water replacement in extreme heat. Heat cramps is a mild type of heat disorder..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"C1983A8C18D24CBEBB5EB55E64F29820","TopicName":{"value":"Heat Exhaustion"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/heat-exhaustion"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826554\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826556\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of heat exhaustion tend to be vague and similar to the symptoms of many other illnesses. People may not realize that their symptoms are related to the heat. Symptoms include \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23679732\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23679736\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms and a history of exposure to heat\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826559\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23679740\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRest in a cool environment \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Heat exhaustion is excessive loss of salts (electrolytes) and fluids due to heat, leading to decreased blood volume that causes many symptoms, sometimes including fainting or collapse. Heat..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"D5D1AA02FC3C41A8A83870D14D20EEF7","TopicName":{"value":"Heatstroke"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/heat-disorders/heatstroke"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826591\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826593\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDizziness, light-headedness, weakness, clumsiness and poor coordination, fatigue, headache, blurred vision, muscle aches, nausea, and vomiting (which are also symptoms of heat exhaustion) are common warning symptoms of heatstroke. Affected people do not sense that body temperature is greatly elevated. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826596\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23679760\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms and a history of exposure to high heat and humidity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826599\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23679784\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCold water immersion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v23679762\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v23679764\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe risk of death from heatstroke depends on the following factors:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Heatstroke is a life-threatening condition that results in very high body temperature and malfunction of many organ systems, which may be fatal. (See also Overview of Heat Disorders.) Heatstroke..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}}]}},{"id":"63E20FF272104C2F81C3838DC68136B4","ChapterName":{"value":"Cold Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v826656\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe skin and the tissues under it are kept at a constant temperature (about 98.6\u003cspan class='symbol' \u003e\u0026#176;\u003c/span\u003e F, or 37\u003cspan class='symbol' \u003e\u0026#176;\u003c/span\u003e C) by the circulating blood and other mechanisms. The blood gets its heat mainly from the energy given off by cells when they burn (metabolize) food—a process that requires a steady supply of food and oxygen. A normal body temperature is necessary for proper functioning of all the cells and tissues in the body. In a person with low body temperature, most organs, especially the heart and brain, become sluggish and eventually stop working.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"D9F0FFBDC4D6460D90B66A75ECF0E5FA","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Cold Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/overview-of-cold-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v26414955\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26414957\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eKeeping warm in a cold environment—or one that may become cold unexpectedly—requires several layers of clothing, preferably wool or synthetics such as polypropylene, because these materials provide insulation even when wet. Because the body loses a large amount of heat from the head, a warm hat is essential. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The skin and the tissues under it are kept at a constant temperature (about 98.6° F, or 37° C) by the circulating blood and other mechanisms. The blood gets its heat mainly from the energy given..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"B6BA5D3C84574B3A9EDE1F664AE5FC7A","TopicName":{"value":"Hypothermia"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/hypothermia"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826694\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826696\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eInitial symptoms of hypothermia include intense shivering and teeth chattering. As body temperature falls further, \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826726\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26415020\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMeasurement of body temperature\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826729\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26415026\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDrying and warming the body from the outside, by removing wet clothing and wrapping in warm blankets\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Treatment outside the hospital\",\"UniqueID\":\"v26415029\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26415026\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDrying and warming the body from the outside, by removing wet clothing and wrapping in warm blankets\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment in the hospital\",\"UniqueID\":\"v26415036\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26415026\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDrying and warming the body from the outside, by removing wet clothing and wrapping in warm blankets\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Essentials for Older Adults: Adapting to Cold Temperatures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43445914\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43445916\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAging takes a toll on the body’s ability to adapt to the cold. With aging, the body becomes less efficient at shivering and at diverting blood away from the surface of the body. Also, the layer of fat just under the skin thins, so there is less insulation to prevent heat loss.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Hypothermia (dangerously low body temperature) is often regarded as a cold injury because it can be caused or made worse by exposure to cold surroundings. Being in an environment that is too..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"E4B7D3FCF0E14009BED64666CF55FB37","TopicName":{"value":"Nonfreezing Tissue Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/nonfreezing-tissue-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Frostnip\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826755\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826758\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFrostnip is a \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/overview-of-cold-injuries\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Cold Injuries\\\" data-id=\\\"da26af81-b293-4403-aabc-f1628f26c8ed\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d9f0ffbd-c4d6-460d-90b6-6a75ecf0e5fa\\\"\u003ecold injury\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"da26af81-b293-4403-aabc-f1628f26c8ed\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/overview-of-cold-injuries\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Cold Injuries \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e in which the chilled areas of skin become numb, swollen, and red. The only treatment needed is warming the area. During warming, the area may hurt or itch intensely. No permanent damage results, although sometimes the area is particularly sensitive to cold for months or years afterward.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Immersion (trench) foot\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826759\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826765\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImmersion foot (trench foot) is a cold injury that develops when a foot is kept in wet, cold socks and shoes or boots for several days. The foot is pale, clammy, swollen, numb, and cold. After warming, the foot becomes red and painful to the touch. Sometimes blisters develop, which may open and become infected. The skin may become overly sensitive to changes in temperature and to even the lightest touch, and this sensitivity may last for weeks. The foot may also become overly sweaty.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Chilblains (pernio)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826774\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v95988392\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe red areas and mild swelling of the finger in this photo are chilblains.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"In nonfreezing tissue injuries, parts of the skin are chilled but not frozen. Nonfreezing tissue injuries include frostnip, immersion foot, and chilblains. (See also Overview of Cold Injuries..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"E3F34E86866B47F3B929A71132228EE6","TopicName":{"value":"Frostbite"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/frostbite"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826802\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826804\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of frostbite vary with the depth and amount of tissue frozen. Shallow frostbite results in a numb white patch of skin that peels after warming. Slightly deeper frostbite causes blisters and swelling of the affected area. Deeper freezing causes the extremity to feel numb, cold, and hard. The area is pale and cold. Blisters often appear. Blisters filled with clear fluid indicate milder damage than blisters filled with blood-stained fluid.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826808\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26414988\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA health care professional's examination\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826811\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26414994\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWarming the person\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Outside of the hospital\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826813\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26414994\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWarming the person\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"In the hospital\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826819\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26414994\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWarming the person\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"After hospital discharge\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826823\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26414994\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWarming the person\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Frostbite is a cold injury in which an area of the body is frozen. Extreme cold may freeze tissues, destroying them and sometimes the surrounding tissues. The area may be numb, white, swollen..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}}]}},{"id":"79F05C8C18F14FB2BD7D597635DEEA41","ChapterName":{"value":"Radiation Injury"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/radiation-injury"},"SortIndex":{"value":"20"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v826853\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003e\u003cb \u003eRadiation injury\u003c/b\u003e is damage to tissues caused by exposure to ionizing radiation.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"9908F341085E4A649CA3F94F1E2B2180","TopicName":{"value":"Radiation Injury"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/radiation-injury/radiation-injury"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Measurement of radiation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826867\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826869\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe amount of radiation is measured in several different units. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Contamination vs irradiation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826870\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826872\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAn individual's radiation dose can be increased in 2 ways: \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Sources of Radiation Exposure\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826886\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826888\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople are constantly exposed to low levels of radiation and naturally occurring (background) radiation, and intermittently to radiation from manufactured sources. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Background radiation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826890\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826888\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople are constantly exposed to low levels of radiation and naturally occurring (background) radiation, and intermittently to radiation from manufactured sources. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Human-made radiation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v826895\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v826888\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople are constantly exposed to low levels of radiation and naturally occurring (background) radiation, and intermittently to radiation from manufactured sources. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Effects of Radiation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827018\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827020\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe damaging effects of radiation (that is, the severity of the tissue reaction) depend on several factors:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Radiation and children\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827032\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827020\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe damaging effects of radiation (that is, the severity of the tissue reaction) depend on several factors:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Radiation and cancer\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827047\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827020\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe damaging effects of radiation (that is, the severity of the tissue reaction) depend on several factors:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Radiation and inherited defects\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827052\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827020\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe damaging effects of radiation (that is, the severity of the tissue reaction) depend on several factors:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827055\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827057\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms depend on whether radiation exposure involves the whole body or is limited to a small portion of the body. At high doses, whole-body exposure causes acute radiation illness, and partial-body exposure causes local radiation injury.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Acute radiation illness\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827058\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827057\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms depend on whether radiation exposure involves the whole body or is limited to a small portion of the body. At high doses, whole-body exposure causes acute radiation illness, and partial-body exposure causes local radiation injury.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Local radiation injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827098\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827057\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms depend on whether radiation exposure involves the whole body or is limited to a small portion of the body. At high doses, whole-body exposure causes acute radiation illness, and partial-body exposure causes local radiation injury.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827116\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36030070\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms, severity of symptoms, and time to onset of symptoms after exposure to radiation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827140\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36030076\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of serious, life-threatening injuries first \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827121\",\"Index\":8.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827124\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFollowing widespread high-level environmental contamination from a nuclear power plant accident or the intentional release of radioactive material, people should follow the advice of public health officials. Such information is usually broadcast on TV and radio. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v874127\",\"Index\":9.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v874142\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe outcome depends on the radiation dose, dose rate (how quickly the exposure occurs), and the parts of the body that are affected. Other factors include people's state of health and whether they receive medical care. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Radiation injury is damage to tissues caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. Large doses of ionizing radiation can cause acute illness by reducing the production of blood cells and damaging..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"54D3F5F1598C4E16BC548FF0FB68E052","ChapterName":{"value":"Electrical and Lightning Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/electrical-and-lightning-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"9"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v827198\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eAn electrical injury occurs when a current passes through the body, interfering with the function of an internal organ and sometimes burning tissue.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"DE8598F4F14E4B20B12841F232D2E357","TopicName":{"value":"Electrical Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/electrical-and-lightning-injuries/electrical-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"How electricity affects the body\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27717302\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v27717304\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eElectrical current passing through the body generates heat, which burns and destroys tissues. Burns can affect internal tissues as well as the skin. An electrical shock can short-circuit the body’s own electrical systems, causing nerves to stop transmitting impulses or to transmit impulses erratically. Abnormal impulse transmission can affect the\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Intensity of the current\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827219\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827221\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe intensity of the current is measured in volts and amperes. Ordinary household current in the United States is 110 to 220 volts. In many other countries, standard household current is 220 volts. A standard electrical outlet in the United States is 110 volts, and 220 volts is used for large appliances such as dryers, heating or air conditioning units, and electric vehicle chargers. Anything over 500 volts is considered high voltage. High voltage can jump (arc) through the air anywhere from an inch up to several feet, depending on the voltage. Thus, a person may be injured simply by coming too close to a high-voltage line. High voltage causes more severe injuries than low voltage and is more likely to cause internal damage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Type of current\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827222\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827224\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eElectrical current is categorized as direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). Direct current, such as current generated by batteries, flows in the same direction constantly. Alternating current, such as current available through household wall sockets connected to the power grid, changes direction 50 to 60 times per second. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Pathway of the current\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827225\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827227\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe path that the electricity takes through the body tends to determine which tissues are affected. Because alternating current continually reverses direction, the commonly used terms “entry” and “exit” are inappropriate. The terms “source” and “ground” are more precise. The most common source point for electricity is the hand, and the second most common is the head. The most common ground point is the foot. A current that travels from arm to arm or from arm to leg may go through the heart and is much more dangerous than a current that travels between a leg and the ground. A current that travels through the head may affect the brain.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Duration of exposure\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827228\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827230\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn general, the longer the person is exposed to the current, the worse the injury.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Resistance to the current\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827231\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827233\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eResistance is the ability to impede the flow of electricity. Most of the body’s resistance is concentrated in the skin. The thicker the skin is, the greater its resistance. A thick, callused palm or sole, for example, is much more resistant to electrical current than an area of thin skin, such as an inner arm. The skin’s resistance decreases when broken (for example, punctured or scraped) or when wet. If skin resistance is high, more of the damage is local, often causing only skin \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns/burns\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Burns\\\" data-id=\\\"832b56ec-45b2-4626-b54b-425b4b21dfd2\\\" data-itemid=\\\"9b890c6b-c9a3-4222-89d6-4337f8e7992e\\\"\u003eburns\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"832b56ec-45b2-4626-b54b-425b4b21dfd2\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns/burns\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Burns \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/4/1/2/412_burns_slide_4_springer_high.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Burns\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. If skin resistance is low, more of the damage affects the internal organs. Thus, the damage is mostly internal if people who are wet come in contact with electrical current, for example, when a hair dryer falls into a bathtub or people step in a puddle that is in contact with a downed electrical line.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827235\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827237\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOften, the main symptom of an electrical injury is a skin burn, although not all electrical injuries cause external damage. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827250\",\"Index\":8.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13951988\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827259\",\"Index\":9.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13951991\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCardiopulmonary resuscitation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827254\",\"Index\":10.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827256\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eEducation about and respect for electricity are essential. Making sure that all electrical devices are properly designed, installed, and maintained helps prevent electrical injuries at home and work. Electrical wiring should be installed and serviced by properly trained people. Outlet guards reduce risk in homes with infants or young children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27717341\",\"Index\":11.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v63198212\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"An electrical injury occurs when a current passes through the body, interfering with the function of an internal organ and sometimes burning tissue. Often the main symptom is a skin burn, but..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"8EBE10780EA84D7D8D71BB7DC55C8C2B","TopicName":{"value":"Lightning Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/electrical-and-lightning-injuries/lightning-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827301\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827303\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAfter a person has been struck by lightning, the heart may stop beating ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)\\\" data-id=\\\"86d08d0e-e495-4943-ad0f-3fe110b4ef95\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d9cf8eae-1314-415a-9112-d57ac9c39bd5\\\"\u003ecardiac arrest\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"86d08d0e-e495-4943-ad0f-3fe110b4ef95\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/c/p/r/cpr-dummy-spl-combo-sized.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e) or may beat erratically. When the heart stops or beats erratically, breathing often stops. The heart may beat again on its own, but if breathing has not restarted, the body is deprived of oxygen. The lack of oxygen and, possibly, nervous system damage can cause the heart to stop beating again.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827311\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13952007\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eElectrocardiography\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827323\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13952010\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCardiopulmonary resuscitation if needed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827318\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827320\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBeing struck by lightning is sometimes fatal. The only cause of death is \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)\\\" data-id=\\\"15a70892-bc9b-497e-89ee-2fc6c0de7268\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d9cf8eae-1314-415a-9112-d57ac9c39bd5\\\"\u003ecardiac arrest\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"15a70892-bc9b-497e-89ee-2fc6c0de7268\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/c/p/r/cpr-dummy-spl-combo-sized.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and cessation of breathing at the time of the injury. People whose heartbeat and breathing resume survive. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v874170\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v874172\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDuring the thunderstorm season, listening to weather reports, which is particularly important for organizers of outdoor events, can help in deciding whether to cancel outdoor activities and in planning for any emergencies that may develop.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v27717370\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v63198214\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A lightning injury occurs after brief exposure to the very intense current of the strike. Being struck by lightning is sometimes fatal because the heart stops beating and breathing stops. In..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}}]}},{"id":"BBEC67BF817F4E3B924B646C08083A6F","ChapterName":{"value":"Drowning"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/drowning"},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v827357\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eDrowning occurs when submersion in liquid causes suffocation or interferes with breathing.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"0EFAD67BEA4848A4BE1A2F7A15FA09EC","TopicName":{"value":"Drowning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/drowning/drowning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Settings and activities that increase risk of drowning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v94247151\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827378\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDrowning is common in pools, hot tubs, and natural water settings. Children and toddlers are also at risk even around small amounts of water, such as in toilets, bathtubs, and buckets of water or other fluids, because they may be unable to escape after falling in.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Oxygen deprivation due to drowning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827381\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827384\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWhen people are submerged under water, 1 of 2 things can happen: \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Effects of submersion in cold water\",\"UniqueID\":\"v26354305\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26354308\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSubmersion in cold water has both good and bad effects. Cooling of the muscles makes swimming difficult, and dangerously low body temperature ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/hypothermia\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hypothermia\\\" data-id=\\\"2a2a0bbc-6721-4763-b701-de72afe71578\\\" data-itemid=\\\"b6ba5d3c-8457-4b3a-9ede-1f664ae5fc7a\\\"\u003ehypothermia\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"2a2a0bbc-6721-4763-b701-de72afe71578\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/hypothermia\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hypothermia \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e) can impair judgment. Cold, however, protects tissues from the ill effects of oxygen deprivation. In addition, cold water may stimulate the mammalian diving reflex, which may prolong survival in cold water. The diving reflex slows the heartbeat and redirects the flow of blood from the hands, feet, and intestine to the heart and brain, thus helping to preserve these vital organs. The diving reflex is more pronounced in children than in adults, so children have a greater chance of surviving prolonged submersion in cold water than do adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827401\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827403\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who are drowning and struggling to breathe are usually unable to call for help. Children who are unable to swim may submerge in less than 1 minute. Adults may struggle longer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Complications of drowning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827405\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827403\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who are drowning and struggling to breathe are usually unable to call for help. Children who are unable to swim may submerge in less than 1 minute. Adults may struggle longer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827408\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26354330\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctor's evaluation of symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827447\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26354340\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eArtificial respiration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Out of the hospital\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827449\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26354340\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eArtificial respiration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"In the hospital\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827453\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v26354340\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eArtificial respiration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v875487\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v875520\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe factors that most increase the chances of survival without permanent brain and lung damage are the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v76283860\",\"Index\":8.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v76283863\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople should not use alcohol or drugs before or during swimming, while boating (even as a passenger), or when supervising children around water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Water safety and children\",\"UniqueID\":\"v76283864\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v76283863\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople should not use alcohol or drugs before or during swimming, while boating (even as a passenger), or when supervising children around water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Swimming safety\",\"UniqueID\":\"v76283869\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v76283863\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople should not use alcohol or drugs before or during swimming, while boating (even as a passenger), or when supervising children around water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Other water safety measures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v76283874\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v76283863\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople should not use alcohol or drugs before or during swimming, while boating (even as a passenger), or when supervising children around water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v26354347\",\"Index\":9.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v51493970\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Drowning occurs when submersion in liquid causes suffocation or interferes with breathing. During drowning, the body is deprived of oxygen, which can damage organs, particularly the brain. Doctors..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"4781A133E3534CC88850EE998447C755","ChapterName":{"value":"Diving and Compressed Air Injuries"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries"},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v827507\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who engage in deep-sea or scuba diving are at risk of a number of injuries, most of which are caused by changes in pressure. These disorders also can affect people who work in underwater tunnels or caissons (watertight enclosures used for construction work). Such structures contain air under high pressure to keep out water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"9BA58662CFD947FEA45450DBDB6B4C34","TopicName":{"value":"Arterial Gas Embolism"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/arterial-gas-embolism"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34533998\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34534000\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of arterial gas embolism usually appear within a few minutes of reaching the surface. Arterial gas embolism to the brain often resembles a stroke, resulting in confusion and partial paralysis or loss of sensation. Some people have sudden loss of consciousness or seizures. Severe arterial gas embolism can lead to \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Shock\\\" data-id=\\\"8342c97f-e7a1-4ff3-90ee-bcf87576a8a8\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4b7167b3-3dd2-46b6-bf7c-3611bd421159\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"8342c97f-e7a1-4ff3-90ee-bcf87576a8a8\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Shock \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and death.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948267\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v24948271\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBased on diving history and loss of consciousness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948284\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v24948288\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/recompression-therapy\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Recompression Therapy\\\" data-id=\\\"cb76ed95-f80e-4dd1-8580-f740a0d57d83\\\" data-itemid=\\\"e2bf8cdd-1b3d-436c-bb70-3b5c2bbe0c89\\\"\u003eHigh-pressure oxygen therapy\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"cb76ed95-f80e-4dd1-8580-f740a0d57d83\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/recompression-therapy\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Recompression Therapy \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948297\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v54030506\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Arterial gas embolism is blockage of blood supply to organs caused by bubbles in an artery. It is a leading cause of death among underwater divers, such as scuba divers, who breathe compressed..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"ED2843AAF62B4C95847B0F9C1170A9BD","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Diving Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/overview-of-diving-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Underwater pressure\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948155\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v24948157\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHigh pressure under water is caused by the weight of the water above, just as barometric (atmospheric) pressure on land is caused by the weight of the air above. In diving, underwater pressure is often expressed in units of depth (feet or meters) or atmospheres absolute. Pressure in atmospheres absolute includes the weight of the water, which at about 33 feet (10 meters) is 1 atmosphere (14.7 pounds per square inch [1.03 kilograms per square centimeter]), plus the atmospheric pressure at the surface, which is 1 atmosphere. So a diver at a depth of 33 feet is exposed to a total pressure of 2 atmospheres absolute, or twice the atmospheric pressure at the surface. With each additional 33 feet of depth, the pressure increases by 1 atmosphere.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Other diving-related disorders\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948158\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34533970\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDiving in cold water can rapidly lead to a dangerously low body temperature ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/hypothermia\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hypothermia\\\" data-id=\\\"649dceef-5945-4512-b564-370a4aa26474\\\" data-itemid=\\\"b6ba5d3c-8457-4b3a-9ede-1f664ae5fc7a\\\"\u003ehypothermia\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"649dceef-5945-4512-b564-370a4aa26474\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/cold-injuries/hypothermia\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hypothermia \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e), which causes clumsiness and poor judgment. Cold water can also rarely trigger fatal \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/overview-of-abnormal-heart-rhythms\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Abnormal Heart Rhythms\\\" data-id=\\\"f73cba36-598d-4661-8464-493c12ad796c\\\" data-itemid=\\\"f8bac7c5-b38e-4014-b270-dce61f60316a\\\"\u003eheartbeat irregularities\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"f73cba36-598d-4661-8464-493c12ad796c\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/abnormal-heart-rhythms/overview-of-abnormal-heart-rhythms\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Abnormal Heart Rhythms \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e in people with \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/acute-coronary-syndromes-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction-unstable-angina\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina)\\\" data-id=\\\"31e0dad4-361c-45f4-8127-30aeca28639d\\\" data-itemid=\\\"09655f19-f9a3-48b6-bb15-fb4a9324f29e\\\"\u003ecoronary artery disease\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"31e0dad4-361c-45f4-8127-30aeca28639d\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/coronary-artery-disease/acute-coronary-syndromes-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction-unstable-angina\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/e/k/g/ekg_elevated_st_segments_high_blausen.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina)\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Other potential diving hazards include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v44323123\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v54030499\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"People who engage in deep-sea or scuba diving are at risk of a number of injuries, most of which are caused by changes in pressure. These disorders also can affect people who work in underwater..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"E7446D67CEA2431F9606839F14F6185F","TopicName":{"value":"Barotrauma"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Pulmonary (lung) barotrauma\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827549\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827551\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBecause air under high pressure is compressed, each breath taken at depth contains many more molecules than a breath taken at the surface. At 33 feet (2 atmospheres absolute), for example, each breath contains twice as many molecules as a breath taken at the surface (and therefore depletes an air tank twice as rapidly). As pressure decreases, air expands—its volume increases. So, when divers fill their lungs with compressed air at 33 feet and ascend without freely exhaling, the volume of air doubles, causing the lungs to overinflate. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827562\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of barotrauma usually begin near the surface during descent or ascent. Symptoms depend on which organ is affected. Divers often use the term squeeze for injuries other than those to the lungs caused by differences in pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Pulmonary barotrauma\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827565\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of barotrauma usually begin near the surface during descent or ascent. Symptoms depend on which organ is affected. Divers often use the term squeeze for injuries other than those to the lungs caused by differences in pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Mask barotrauma (mask squeeze)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827568\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of barotrauma usually begin near the surface during descent or ascent. Symptoms depend on which organ is affected. Divers often use the term squeeze for injuries other than those to the lungs caused by differences in pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Ear barotrauma (ear squeeze)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827572\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of barotrauma usually begin near the surface during descent or ascent. Symptoms depend on which organ is affected. Divers often use the term squeeze for injuries other than those to the lungs caused by differences in pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Sinus barotrauma (sinus squeeze)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827581\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of barotrauma usually begin near the surface during descent or ascent. Symptoms depend on which organ is affected. Divers often use the term squeeze for injuries other than those to the lungs caused by differences in pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Dental barotrauma (tooth squeeze)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827585\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of barotrauma usually begin near the surface during descent or ascent. Symptoms depend on which organ is affected. Divers often use the term squeeze for injuries other than those to the lungs caused by differences in pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Eye barotrauma (eye squeeze)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827588\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of barotrauma usually begin near the surface during descent or ascent. Symptoms depend on which organ is affected. Divers often use the term squeeze for injuries other than those to the lungs caused by differences in pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Gastrointestinal tract barotrauma (gut squeeze)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827592\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of barotrauma usually begin near the surface during descent or ascent. Symptoms depend on which organ is affected. Divers often use the term squeeze for injuries other than those to the lungs caused by differences in pressure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827595\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v24948214\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBased on symptoms and diving history\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827606\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v24948219\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment to relieve the pressure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827598\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827600\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePressure in the lungs and airways is automatically equalized with outside pressure when a supply of pressurized air is available at depth, as from a diving helmet or air tank. This pressurized air also equalizes pressure in the sinuses, as long as the openings to the sinuses are not narrowed, for example, by inflammation due to allergies or an upper respiratory tract infection.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948225\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v54030511\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Barotrauma is tissue injury caused by a change in pressure, which compresses or expands gas contained in various body structures. The lungs, gastrointestinal tract, part of the face covered..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"6BA34DE218064892BD8D75A036252546","TopicName":{"value":"Decompression Sickness"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/decompression-sickness"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827693\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827695\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of decompression sickness usually develop more slowly than do those of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/arterial-gas-embolism\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Arterial Gas Embolism\\\" data-id=\\\"c866b506-ad92-4862-bfea-bf401cdb08db\\\" data-itemid=\\\"9ba58662-cfd9-47fe-a454-50dbdb6b4c34\\\"\u003eair embolism\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"c866b506-ad92-4862-bfea-bf401cdb08db\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/arterial-gas-embolism\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Arterial Gas Embolism \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma#v827566\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Pulmonary barotrauma\\\" data-id=\\\"b3c40b5a-1a71-4502-9175-c39526b80308\\\" data-itemid=\\\"e7446d67-cea2-431f-9606-839f14f6185f\\\"\u003epulmonary barotrauma\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"b3c40b5a-1a71-4502-9175-c39526b80308\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma#v827566\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Pulmonary barotrauma \u003c/span\u003e Barotrauma is tissue injury caused by a change in pressure, which compresses or expands gas contained in various body structures. The lungs, gastrointestinal tract, part of the face covered... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Only half of the people with decompression sickness have symptoms within 1 hour of surfacing, but 90% have symptoms by 6 hours. Symptoms commonly begin gradually and take some time to reach their maximum effect. The first symptoms may be \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Type I decompression sickness (less severe)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827696\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827695\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of decompression sickness usually develop more slowly than do those of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/arterial-gas-embolism\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Arterial Gas Embolism\\\" data-id=\\\"c866b506-ad92-4862-bfea-bf401cdb08db\\\" data-itemid=\\\"9ba58662-cfd9-47fe-a454-50dbdb6b4c34\\\"\u003eair embolism\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"c866b506-ad92-4862-bfea-bf401cdb08db\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/arterial-gas-embolism\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Arterial Gas Embolism \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma#v827566\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Pulmonary barotrauma\\\" data-id=\\\"b3c40b5a-1a71-4502-9175-c39526b80308\\\" data-itemid=\\\"e7446d67-cea2-431f-9606-839f14f6185f\\\"\u003epulmonary barotrauma\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"b3c40b5a-1a71-4502-9175-c39526b80308\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma#v827566\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Pulmonary barotrauma \u003c/span\u003e Barotrauma is tissue injury caused by a change in pressure, which compresses or expands gas contained in various body structures. The lungs, gastrointestinal tract, part of the face covered... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Only half of the people with decompression sickness have symptoms within 1 hour of surfacing, but 90% have symptoms by 6 hours. Symptoms commonly begin gradually and take some time to reach their maximum effect. The first symptoms may be \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Type II decompression sickness (more severe)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827699\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827695\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of decompression sickness usually develop more slowly than do those of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/arterial-gas-embolism\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Arterial Gas Embolism\\\" data-id=\\\"c866b506-ad92-4862-bfea-bf401cdb08db\\\" data-itemid=\\\"9ba58662-cfd9-47fe-a454-50dbdb6b4c34\\\"\u003eair embolism\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"c866b506-ad92-4862-bfea-bf401cdb08db\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/arterial-gas-embolism\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Arterial Gas Embolism \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma#v827566\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Pulmonary barotrauma\\\" data-id=\\\"b3c40b5a-1a71-4502-9175-c39526b80308\\\" data-itemid=\\\"e7446d67-cea2-431f-9606-839f14f6185f\\\"\u003epulmonary barotrauma\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"b3c40b5a-1a71-4502-9175-c39526b80308\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma#v827566\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Pulmonary barotrauma \u003c/span\u003e Barotrauma is tissue injury caused by a change in pressure, which compresses or expands gas contained in various body structures. The lungs, gastrointestinal tract, part of the face covered... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Only half of the people with decompression sickness have symptoms within 1 hour of surfacing, but 90% have symptoms by 6 hours. Symptoms commonly begin gradually and take some time to reach their maximum effect. The first symptoms may be \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Late effects of decompression sickness\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827706\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v827695\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSymptoms of decompression sickness usually develop more slowly than do those of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/arterial-gas-embolism\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Arterial Gas Embolism\\\" data-id=\\\"c866b506-ad92-4862-bfea-bf401cdb08db\\\" data-itemid=\\\"9ba58662-cfd9-47fe-a454-50dbdb6b4c34\\\"\u003eair embolism\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"c866b506-ad92-4862-bfea-bf401cdb08db\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/arterial-gas-embolism\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Arterial Gas Embolism \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma#v827566\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Pulmonary barotrauma\\\" data-id=\\\"b3c40b5a-1a71-4502-9175-c39526b80308\\\" data-itemid=\\\"e7446d67-cea2-431f-9606-839f14f6185f\\\"\u003epulmonary barotrauma\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"b3c40b5a-1a71-4502-9175-c39526b80308\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma#v827566\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Pulmonary barotrauma \u003c/span\u003e Barotrauma is tissue injury caused by a change in pressure, which compresses or expands gas contained in various body structures. The lungs, gastrointestinal tract, part of the face covered... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Only half of the people with decompression sickness have symptoms within 1 hour of surfacing, but 90% have symptoms by 6 hours. Symptoms commonly begin gradually and take some time to reach their maximum effect. The first symptoms may be \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827713\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v24948346\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e A doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827716\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v24948350\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOxygen\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Recompression therapy\",\"UniqueID\":\"v827720\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v24948350\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOxygen\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v875940\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v875942\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDivers try to prevent decompression sickness by avoiding gas bubble formation. They do this by limiting the depth and duration of dives to a range that does not need decompression stops during ascent (called no-stop limits by divers) or by ascending with decompression stops as specified in authoritative guidelines, such as the decompression table in \u003ci \u003eAir Decompression,\u003c/i\u003e a chapter in the \u003ca rel=\\\"noopener nofollow\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" href=\\\"http://www.navsea.navy.mil/Portals/103/Documents/SUPSALV/Diving/US%20DIVING%20MANUAL_REV7.pdf?ver=2017-01-11-102354-393\\\"\u003eU. S. Navy Diving Manual\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948356\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v54030522\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Decompression sickness is a disorder in which nitrogen dissolved in the blood and tissues by high pressure forms bubbles as pressure decreases. Symptoms can include fatigue and pain in muscles..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"8C2ABBE0B5D84AB693C16D761906760C","TopicName":{"value":"Immersion Pulmonary Edema"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/immersion-pulmonary-edema"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v44323137\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v44323139\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctors will screen people who have had immersion pulmonary edema for\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948372\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v54030539\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Immersion pulmonary edema is sudden development of fluid in the lungs that typically occurs early during a dive and at depth. (See also Overview of Diving Injuries.) Immersion pulmonary edema..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"D34AD28B7A8844C8B0688787DE5371FA","TopicName":{"value":"Gas Toxicity During Diving"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/gas-toxicity-during-diving"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Oxygen Toxicity\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79931068\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79931071\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOxygen toxicity occurs in most people when the partial pressure of oxygen reaches 1.4 atmospheres or greater. If a person breathes 100% oxygen, this partial pressure would be reached at a depth of 13 feet (4 meters). Because air consists of only 21% oxygen, to reach that toxic partial pressure breathing air would require a dive to slightly over 187 feet (57 meters) in depth. Although oxygen toxicity can rarely occur in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber at oxygen partial pressures up to 2.8 atmospheres, divers who use inappropriate concentrations of oxygen during deep dives are at higher risk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Nitrogen Narcosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79931074\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79931077\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eNitrogen narcosis (rapture of the deep) is caused by high partial pressures of nitrogen. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Carbon Dioxide Toxicity\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79931082\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79931085\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCarbon dioxide is released from the body in exhaled air. Some scuba divers have carbon dioxide toxicity because they do not increase their breathing adequately during exertion. Others retain carbon dioxide because the compressed air at depth is denser and requires greater effort to move it through the airways and breathing apparatus. Voluntary reduction in breathing rate to conserve air (\\\"skip breathing\\\") can also cause carbon dioxide buildup in the blood. Malfunction of a closed or semiclosed rebreathing apparatus is another potential cause of carbon dioxide toxicity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Carbon Monoxide Poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79931103\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79931106\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCarbon monoxide is a product of combustion. Carbon monoxide can enter a diver’s air if the air compressor intake valve is placed too close to engine exhaust or if the lubricating oil in a malfunctioning compressor becomes hot enough to partially combust, producing carbon monoxide.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"High-Pressure Neurologic (Nervous System) Syndrome\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79931111\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79931113\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA poorly understood set of neurologic symptoms can develop when people dive deeper than 500 to 600 feet (150 to 180 meters), particularly when the dive is rapid and the diver breathes a mixture of helium and oxygen. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, tremors, clumsiness, dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness, muscle jerks, stomach cramps, and confusion. The syndrome resolves on its own when people ascend or when the rate of descent is slowed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948411\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v54030531\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Problems during diving can result from toxic effects of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. (See also Overview of Diving Injuries.) Air is a mixture of gases..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"E2BF8CDD1B3D436CBB703B5C2BBE0C89","TopicName":{"value":"Recompression Therapy"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/recompression-therapy"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Recompression therapy involves giving 100% oxygen for several hours in a sealed chamber at high pressures (at least 1.9 atmospheres). (See also Overview of Diving Injuries.) Recompression therapy..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"128EBCD1DB4543A2A609A6767CA125A8","TopicName":{"value":"Diving Safety Precautions and Prevention of Diving Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/diving-safety-precautions-and-prevention-of-diving-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Safety Precautions\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79931117\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79931119\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDivers should take precautions that minimize the risk of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Barotrauma\\\" data-id=\\\"51100840-57f1-46db-b75e-f08b98020833\\\" data-itemid=\\\"e7446d67-cea2-431f-9606-839f14f6185f\\\"\u003ebarotrauma\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"51100840-57f1-46db-b75e-f08b98020833\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/barotrauma\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Barotrauma \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/decompression-sickness\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Decompression Sickness\\\" data-id=\\\"b88c75b0-7c4a-48c7-896f-d2e6bd39026b\\\" data-itemid=\\\"6ba34de2-1806-4892-bd8d-75a036252546\\\"\u003edecompression sickness\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"b88c75b0-7c4a-48c7-896f-d2e6bd39026b\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/diving-and-compressed-air-injuries/decompression-sickness\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Decompression Sickness \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. To decrease their risk, divers should \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Conditions That Can Preclude Diving\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79931147\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79931149\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBecause diving can involve heavy exertion, divers should have reasonably good aerobic capacity (capacity for vigorous exercise) and they should not be limited by heart or lung disorders. Disorders that can impair consciousness, alertness, or judgment, such as \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/seizure-disorders/seizure-disorders\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Seizure Disorders\\\" data-id=\\\"451b78c7-be3b-470f-a9ca-44b6ecf06303\\\" data-itemid=\\\"2470384c-2325-46c4-aac4-c3d4ff473bac\\\"\u003eseizures\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"451b78c7-be3b-470f-a9ca-44b6ecf06303\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/seizure-disorders/seizure-disorders\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Seizure Disorders \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-dm-and-disorders-of-blood-sugar-metabolism\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" data-id=\\\"a73b6241-b82c-4cc3-8db3-8b29d54e4625\\\" data-itemid=\\\"cbb7b41d-4e2a-4967-89f1-21fb0bee89a5\\\"\u003ediabetes\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"a73b6241-b82c-4cc3-8db3-8b29d54e4625\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-dm-and-disorders-of-blood-sugar-metabolism\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Disorders of Blood Sugar Metabolism \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e that is treated with \u003cspan class=\\\"genericDrug\\\" data-showrollover=\\\"false\\\"\u003einsulin\u003c/span\u003e (because it can cause low blood sugar levels [ \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-dm-and-disorders-of-blood-sugar-metabolism/hypoglycemia\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hypoglycemia\\\" data-id=\\\"96dcd3cb-bdf8-47b4-83fa-af8652033d8c\\\" data-itemid=\\\"9878ea28-5521-4ee8-9bb0-21d71c462c59\\\"\u003ehypoglycemia\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"96dcd3cb-bdf8-47b4-83fa-af8652033d8c\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-dm-and-disorders-of-blood-sugar-metabolism/hypoglycemia\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hypoglycemia \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e]) generally preclude diving. Special programs for divers with diabetes have been established. If there is any question, a doctor should be consulted. Individuals who have experienced spontaneous collapse of the lung ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pleural-and-mediastinal-disorders/pneumothorax\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Pneumothorax\\\" data-id=\\\"c1f2b281-c179-4e73-94e4-95b45d4ba9b9\\\" data-itemid=\\\"6f53fdb1-a60b-4c89-a82f-3fa39d1accd4\\\"\u003epneumothorax\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"c1f2b281-c179-4e73-94e4-95b45d4ba9b9\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/pleural-and-mediastinal-disorders/pneumothorax\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Pneumothorax \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/p/n/e/pneumothorax_high_blausen.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Pneumothorax\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e) should not dive.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v24948466\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v54030553\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Diving is a relatively safe recreational activity for healthy people who have been appropriately trained and educated. Diving safety courses offered by national diving organizations are widely..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}}]}},{"id":"DD43657C123146158BCDD317AB55F9DB","ChapterName":{"value":"Altitude Illness"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/altitude-illness"},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v828023\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eAltitude illness occurs because of a lack of oxygen at high altitudes and affects mountain climbers, recreational hikers, skiers, and others who travel to high altitude.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"C6598CEE974346F4B557FE6DB4B3B81E","TopicName":{"value":"Altitude Illness"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/altitude-illness/altitude-illness"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Risk factors\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828043\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828045\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe risk of developing altitude illness varies greatly among individuals. But generally, risk is increased in people who ascend to more than 2000 m (5000 to 6500 ft) and meet at least 1 of the following conditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Acclimatization\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828053\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828055\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe body eventually adjusts (acclimatizes) to higher altitudes by increasing respiration, by producing more red blood cells to carry oxygen to the tissues, and by making other adjustments. Most people can adjust to altitudes of up to 10,000 feet (3,000 meters) in a few days. Adjusting to much higher altitudes takes many days or weeks, but some people can eventually carry out nearly normal activities at altitudes above 17,500 feet (about 5,300 meters). However, no one can fully acclimatize to long-term residence above that altitude.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828066\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828070\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAMS is a mild form of altitude illness and is its most common form. It usually does not develop unless altitude is at least 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters), but it can develop at lower altitudes in highly susceptible people. Symptoms usually develop within 6 to 10 hours of ascent (increase in altitude) and often include headache and 1 or more other symptoms, such as light-headedness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, or irritability. Some people describe the symptoms as similar to those of a hangover. Symptoms usually last 24 to 48 hours. Rarely, AMS progresses to a more severe form of altitude illness known as high-altitude cerebral edema.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Acute mountain sickness (AMS)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828068\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828070\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAMS is a mild form of altitude illness and is its most common form. It usually does not develop unless altitude is at least 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters), but it can develop at lower altitudes in highly susceptible people. Symptoms usually develop within 6 to 10 hours of ascent (increase in altitude) and often include headache and 1 or more other symptoms, such as light-headedness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, or irritability. Some people describe the symptoms as similar to those of a hangover. Symptoms usually last 24 to 48 hours. Rarely, AMS progresses to a more severe form of altitude illness known as high-altitude cerebral edema.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828075\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828070\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAMS is a mild form of altitude illness and is its most common form. It usually does not develop unless altitude is at least 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters), but it can develop at lower altitudes in highly susceptible people. Symptoms usually develop within 6 to 10 hours of ascent (increase in altitude) and often include headache and 1 or more other symptoms, such as light-headedness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, or irritability. Some people describe the symptoms as similar to those of a hangover. Symptoms usually last 24 to 48 hours. Rarely, AMS progresses to a more severe form of altitude illness known as high-altitude cerebral edema.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828071\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828070\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAMS is a mild form of altitude illness and is its most common form. It usually does not develop unless altitude is at least 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters), but it can develop at lower altitudes in highly susceptible people. Symptoms usually develop within 6 to 10 hours of ascent (increase in altitude) and often include headache and 1 or more other symptoms, such as light-headedness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, or irritability. Some people describe the symptoms as similar to those of a hangover. Symptoms usually last 24 to 48 hours. Rarely, AMS progresses to a more severe form of altitude illness known as high-altitude cerebral edema.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Other symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828080\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828070\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAMS is a mild form of altitude illness and is its most common form. It usually does not develop unless altitude is at least 8,000 feet (about 2,400 meters), but it can develop at lower altitudes in highly susceptible people. Symptoms usually develop within 6 to 10 hours of ascent (increase in altitude) and often include headache and 1 or more other symptoms, such as light-headedness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, or irritability. Some people describe the symptoms as similar to those of a hangover. Symptoms usually last 24 to 48 hours. Rarely, AMS progresses to a more severe form of altitude illness known as high-altitude cerebral edema.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828086\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28333768\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828117\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v38703573\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDescent to lower elevation is the best treatment for all forms of acute altitude illness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828101\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"a998aa03-2bd0-45a0-9504-ca4e08ad5564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSlow ascent (increase altitude slowly)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Rate of ascent\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828103\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"a998aa03-2bd0-45a0-9504-ca4e08ad5564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSlow ascent (increase altitude slowly)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Medications\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828108\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"a998aa03-2bd0-45a0-9504-ca4e08ad5564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSlow ascent (increase altitude slowly)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"General measures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828113\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"a998aa03-2bd0-45a0-9504-ca4e08ad5564\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSlow ascent (increase altitude slowly)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Altitude illness occurs because of a lack of oxygen at high altitudes and affects mountain climbers, recreational hikers, skiers, and others who travel to high altitude. Symptoms include headache..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"473A7681E501436AB2BF6C6B73A65CA7","ChapterName":{"value":"Poisoning"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning"},"SortIndex":{"value":"19"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v828157\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003ePoisoning is the harmful effect that occurs when a toxic substance is swallowed, is inhaled, or comes in contact with the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes, such as those of the mouth or nose.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"3BC9621174624DA3A9126A2BE21D9222","TopicName":{"value":"Hydrocarbon Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/hydrocarbon-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488679\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488681\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA person usually coughs and chokes after swallowing or inhaling hydrocarbons. A burning sensation can develop in the stomach, and the person may vomit. If the lungs are affected, the person continues to cough intensely. Breathing becomes rapid, and the skin may become bluish ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/symptoms-of-lung-disorders/cyanosis\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Cyanosis\\\" data-id=\\\"22f7ec4e-a34c-4ba7-a4a5-04d71ad87797\\\" data-itemid=\\\"1f84ed9e-232b-4dc5-88e1-e89a621626f8\\\"\u003ecyanosis\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"22f7ec4e-a34c-4ba7-a4a5-04d71ad87797\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/symptoms-of-lung-disorders/cyanosis\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Cyanosis \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e) because of low levels of oxygen in the blood. Young children may have cyanosis, hold their breath, and cough persistently. Sometimes difficulty breathing does not develop until many hours after the hydrocarbons enter the lungs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488684\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488688\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHistory of contact with hydrocarbons and odor of petroleum on person\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488696\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488700\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval of contaminated clothing and washing of skin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v66226648\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226650\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following are some English-language resources that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Hydrocarbons are petroleum products, such as gasoline and kerosene, and are also ingredients in many paint thinners, solvents, glues, and some cleaning products. They are dangerous when the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"D5598F73E0BC482E8685E9149AD78CDA","TopicName":{"value":"Lead Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/lead-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Sources of lead\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488820\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488822\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe \u003cb \u003emost common cause\u003c/b\u003e of lead poisoning is eating or drinking something that contains lead. This typically happens in\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Effects of lead on the body\",\"UniqueID\":\"v66226679\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226681\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eLead affects many parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, kidneys, liver, blood, digestive tract, and sex organs. Children are particularly susceptible because lead causes the most damage in nervous systems that are still developing. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488854\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488856\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany people with mild lead poisoning have no symptoms. Symptoms that do occur usually develop over several weeks or longer. Sometimes symptoms flare up periodically.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488867\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488871\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eLead levels in blood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488873\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488875\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCommercially available kits should be used to test household paint (except in houses built after 1978), ceramics made outside the United States, and water supplies for lead content. Measures that reduce the risk of household poisoning include regular cleaning, such as\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488894\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488898\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eStopping exposure to lead\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v66226691\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226693\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following are some English-language resources that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Lead poisoning affects many parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, kidneys, liver, and blood. Children are particularly susceptible because their nervous system is still developing..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"}},{"id":"B637D144E3974F33857F0EBE120A1D3E","TopicName":{"value":"Mushroom (Toadstool) Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/mushroom-toadstool-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Early gastrointestinal symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489008\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489010\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMushrooms that cause early gastrointestinal symptoms (such as \u003ci \u003eChlorophyllum molybdites\u003c/i\u003e and the little brown mushrooms that often grow on lawns) cause vomiting and diarrhea, typically within 1 to 6 hours. The diarrhea is occasionally bloody. Some people have headaches or body aches. Symptoms usually go away within 24 hours.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Early symptoms that affect the brain and spine\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489012\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489014\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMushrooms that cause early symptoms that affect the brain and spinal cord include hallucinogenic mushrooms, which contain the \u003ca href=\\\"/home/special-subjects/illicit-drugs-and-intoxicants/hallucinogens\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hallucinogens\\\" data-id=\\\"d9b20809-fa31-4360-82f3-b8cdd2eec772\\\" data-itemid=\\\"259c1f3b-eaea-41e2-873f-e2ddf4db7b31\\\"\u003ehallucinogen\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"d9b20809-fa31-4360-82f3-b8cdd2eec772\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/special-subjects/illicit-drugs-and-intoxicants/hallucinogens\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hallucinogens \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e psilocybin. The most common are members of the \u003ci \u003ePsilocybe\u003c/i\u003e genus, but some other mushrooms also contain psilocybin. They also cause nausea and vomiting within 15 to 45 minutes of ingestion. Symptoms begin within 20 to 90 minutes of ingestion and include euphoria, enhanced imagination, and hallucinations. A rapid heartbeat and high blood pressure often develop, and some children develop a fever. However, these symptoms go away without treatment, and serious consequences are rare, so specific treatment is usually not needed. However, if the person is very agitated, the doctor may give a sedative (such as \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003elorazepam\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Early symptoms caused by muscarine-containing mushrooms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489017\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489019\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn poisoning caused by many species of \u003ci \u003eInocybe\u003c/i\u003e and some species of \u003ci \u003eClitocybe\u003c/i\u003e, the toxic substance is muscarine. Muscarine is a chemical that mimics acetylcholine, which is one of the substances the body uses to send messages between nerves (a neurotransmitter). Symptoms, which begin within 30 minutes after eating, may include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Delayed gastrointestinal and other symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489038\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489040\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMushrooms that cause delayed gastrointestinal symptoms include \u003ci \u003eAmanita phalloides\u003c/i\u003e and related types of mushroom (members of the \u003ci \u003eAmanita, \u003c/i\u003e\u003ci \u003eGyromitra,\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci \u003eCortinarius\u003c/i\u003e genera).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v66226741\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226743\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following is an English-language resource that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Many species of mushroom are poisonous and can cause different symptoms depending on the type of mushroom. Different species of mushrooms produce different toxins with different effects. Even..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"11"}},{"id":"91B069B1934741138FA6805BC513F0F5","TopicName":{"value":"Plant and Shrub Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/plant-and-shrub-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Castor and jequirity beans\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489086\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489088\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCastor beans contain ricin, an extremely potent poison. Ricin has been used in assassination attempts and as a \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/toxins-as-weapons\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Toxins as Weapons\\\" data-id=\\\"6b070bea-f706-4f63-b819-7e63c88043bf\\\" data-itemid=\\\"fc7f07c9-9770-4bcc-9be3-f03fa5b9abdb\\\"\u003emass-casualty weapon\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"6b070bea-f706-4f63-b819-7e63c88043bf\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/toxins-as-weapons\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Toxins as Weapons \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Castor bean seeds have a very tough shell so the bean must be chewed to release the poison. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Hemlock\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489092\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489094\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHemlock poisoning can cause symptoms within 15 minutes. People develop a dry mouth and later a rapid heartbeat, tremors, sweating, seizures, and muscle weakness. Water hemlock may cause vomiting and diarrhea, delirium, seizures, and coma. There is no antidote but doctors give people care to treat their symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Oleander, foxglove, and lily of the valley\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489095\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489097\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOleander, foxglove, and lily of the valley contain a substance very similar to the heart drug \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003edigoxin\u003c/span\u003e. These plants can cause vomiting and diarrhea, confusion, irregular heartbeat, and high levels of potassium in the bloodstream ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/hyperkalemia-high-level-of-potassium-in-the-blood\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hyperkalemia (High Level of Potassium in the Blood)\\\" data-id=\\\"37b83150-e8c1-4eda-9d8b-4fd1e1c861e2\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d99337a0-c6b7-452c-a9ff-5efed643a139\\\"\u003ehyperkalemia\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"37b83150-e8c1-4eda-9d8b-4fd1e1c861e2\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/hyperkalemia-high-level-of-potassium-in-the-blood\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hyperkalemia (High Level of Potassium in the Blood) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e). Doctors sometimes treat people with DIGIFab, a drug used to treat \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003edigoxin\u003c/span\u003e overdose.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v66226761\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226763\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following is an English-language resource that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Only a few commonly grown plants are very poisonous, but many others have less serious toxic effects. Generally, poisoning is unlikely unless a plant is highly toxic or large quantities are..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"12"}},{"id":"A126B430C7B649018E2E1E40A49D127A","TopicName":{"value":"Fish and Shellfish Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/fish-and-shellfish-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Ciguatera poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489381\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489383\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCiguatera poisoning may result from eating any of the more than 400 species of fish from the tropical reefs of Florida, the West Indies, or the Pacific. The toxin is produced by certain dinoflagellates, which are microscopic sea organisms that the fish eat. The toxin accumulates in their flesh. Older fish and large ones (such as grouper, snapper, and kingfish) are more toxic than smaller, younger ones. The flavor of the fish is not affected. Food processing procedures, including cooking, cannot destroy the toxin. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Tetrodotoxin poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489400\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489402\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTetrodotoxin poisoning is most common in Japan, due to eating the puffer fish (fugu), which naturally contains this toxin in certain organs. However, more than 100 other freshwater and saltwater species also contain tetrodotoxin. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Scombroid poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489403\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489405\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAfter fish such as mackerel, tuna, bonito, skipjack, and blue dolphin (mahi mahi) have been caught, the tissues of the fish break down, eventually producing high levels of histamine. When ingested, histamine causes immediate facial flushing. It can also cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/skin-disorders/itching-and-dermatitis/hives\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hives\\\" data-id=\\\"da067962-be15-49f5-af50-bfe9f8cee138\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4082ae38-2c1b-4f4b-897a-ca66efd762f5\\\"\u003ehives\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"da067962-be15-49f5-af50-bfe9f8cee138\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/skin-disorders/itching-and-dermatitis/hives\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hives \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/s/k/i/skin_lesion_urticaria_high.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Hives\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e (urticaria) a few minutes after the fish is eaten. Symptoms, which are often mistaken for a seafood allergy, usually last less than 24 hours. The fish may taste peppery or bitter. Unlike other fish poisonings, this poisoning can be prevented by properly storing the fish after it is caught. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Shellfish poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28489406\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28489408\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eShellfish poisoning in the US can occur from June to October, especially on the Pacific and New England coasts. Shellfish such as mussels, clams, oysters, and scallops may ingest certain poisonous dinoflagellates at certain times when the water has a red cast, called the red tide. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Certain types of fresh or frozen fish or shellfish may contain toxins that can cause a variety of symptoms. Vomiting and diarrhea ( gastroenteritis) caused by toxins is different from gastroenteritis..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"10"}},{"id":"389698FEF42C42C5B9C24C5334FC39F8","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Food Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/overview-of-food-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488965\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488967\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost people with food poisoning recover fully and rapidly with nothing more than replacement of fluids and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/overview-of-electrolytes\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Electrolytes\\\" data-id=\\\"d5b3f686-3d6e-4b60-a589-1c2597d548a4\\\" data-itemid=\\\"eb190e79-6fd3-4e0f-86ca-510146571177\\\"\u003eelectrolytes\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"d5b3f686-3d6e-4b60-a589-1c2597d548a4\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/overview-of-electrolytes\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Electrolytes \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. As soon as symptoms begin, a person should try to consume large amounts of fluids. If fluids cannot be tolerated, the person needs to go to an emergency department for intravenous fluids.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Food poisoning results from eating a plant or animal that contains a toxin. The poisoning occurs after ingesting poisonous species of mushrooms or plants or contaminated fish or shellfish. The..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"9"}},{"id":"8E84664A7F1D4F11A94E5A85980A06CC","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/overview-of-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Accidental poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488211\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488213\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePoisoning is the most common cause of nonfatal accidents in the home. Young children, because of curiosity and a tendency to explore, are particularly vulnerable to accidental poisoning in the home, as are older people, often due to confusion about their drugs. Because children often share found pills and substances, siblings and playmates may also have been poisoned. Also vulnerable to accidental poisoning are hospitalized people (by drug errors) and industrial workers (by exposure to toxic chemicals). \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Deliberate poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488214\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488216\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePoisoning may also be a deliberate attempt to commit murder or suicide. Most adults who attempt suicide by poisoning take more than one drug and also consume alcohol. Poisoning may be used to disable a person (for example, to rape or rob them). Rarely, parents with a psychiatric disorder poison their children to cause illness and thus gain medical attention (a disorder called \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mental-health-disorders/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/factitious-disorder-imposed-on-another\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another\\\" data-id=\\\"8cbcf9e3-7d55-4093-af05-7bbe0845136b\\\" data-itemid=\\\"3676d965-73d2-421e-8ae2-c9b3a9ffe938\\\"\u003efactitious disorder imposed on another\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"8cbcf9e3-7d55-4093-af05-7bbe0845136b\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mental-health-disorders/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/factitious-disorder-imposed-on-another\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e previously called Munchausen syndrome by proxy).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488218\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488220\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe symptoms caused by poisoning depend on the poison, the amount taken, and the age and underlying health of the person who takes it. Some poisons are not very potent and cause problems only with prolonged exposure or repeated ingestion of large amounts. Other poisons are so potent that just a drop on the skin can cause severe symptoms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"First Aid for Poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828272\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828275\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe first priority in helping a poisoned person is for bystanders not to become poisoned themselves.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828283\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488384\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIdentification of the poison\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Drug testing\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8345867\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488384\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIdentification of the poison\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828287\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828289\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn the United States, widespread use of child-resistant containers with safety caps has greatly reduced the number of poisoning deaths in children younger than age 5. To prevent accidental poisoning, drugs and other potentially dangerous substances should be kept in their original containers and the containers kept where children cannot get them. Toxic substances, such as insecticides and cleaning agents, should not be put in drink bottles or cups, even briefly. Other preventive measures include \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828302\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828304\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome people who have been poisoned must be hospitalized. With prompt medical care, most recover fully.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Provide supportive care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8345871\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828304\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome people who have been poisoned must be hospitalized. With prompt medical care, most recover fully.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Remove poison from the eyes and skin\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488411\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828304\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome people who have been poisoned must be hospitalized. With prompt medical care, most recover fully.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevent absorption of poison\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8345876\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828304\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome people who have been poisoned must be hospitalized. With prompt medical care, most recover fully.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Increase elimination of poison\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8345883\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828304\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome people who have been poisoned must be hospitalized. With prompt medical care, most recover fully.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Antidotes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8345894\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828304\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome people who have been poisoned must be hospitalized. With prompt medical care, most recover fully.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Mental health evaluation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8346011\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828304\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome people who have been poisoned must be hospitalized. With prompt medical care, most recover fully.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488418\",\"Index\":8.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226578\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following are some English-language resources that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Poisoning is the harmful effect that occurs when a toxic substance is swallowed, is inhaled, or comes in contact with the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes, such as those of the mouth or nose..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"B721484A7DB24AAE94D70D6290C08B95","TopicName":{"value":"Acetaminophen Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/acetaminophen-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828354\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828356\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost overdoses cause no immediate symptoms. If the overdose is very large, symptoms develop in 4 stages: \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488441\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488445\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eAcetaminophen\u003c/span\u003e levels in the blood\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828358\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488452\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCharcoal and/or \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eacetylcysteine\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488456\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226585\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following is an English-language resource that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Acetaminophen, a common ingredient in many prescription and non-prescription drugs, is safe in normal doses, but severe overdose can cause liver failure and death. People sometimes ingest too..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"4464A98C16084224AF8F42BFBABFBC24","TopicName":{"value":"Aspirin Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/aspirin-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Acute aspirin poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488465\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488467\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIngestion of \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e and similar drugs (salicylates) can lead to rapid (acute) poisoning due to an overdose. The dose necessary to cause acute poisoning, however, is quite large. A person weighing about 150 pounds would have to consume more than thirty 325-milligram \u003cspan class=\\\"genericDrug\\\" data-showrollover=\\\"false\\\"\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e tablets to develop even mild poisoning. An acute \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e overdose, therefore, is seldom accidental, but concentrated salicylate products intended to be applied to the skin, such as oil of wintergreen (\u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003emethyl salicylate\u003c/span\u003e), do cause accidental poisonings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Gradual aspirin poisoning\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488468\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488470\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eGradual \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e poisoning can develop unintentionally if people take normal or slightly higher than normal doses of \u003cspan class=\\\"genericDrug\\\" data-showrollover=\\\"false\\\"\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e for a long time. Children with fever who are given only slightly higher than the prescribed dose of \u003cspan class=\\\"genericDrug\\\" data-showrollover=\\\"false\\\"\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e for several days may develop poisoning, although children are rarely given \u003cspan class=\\\"genericDrug\\\" data-showrollover=\\\"false\\\"\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e to treat fever because they could develop \u003ca href=\\\"/home/children-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-disorders-in-infants-and-young-children/reye-syndrome\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Reye Syndrome\\\" data-id=\\\"45032575-ebd0-4348-abd5-5f66507f365f\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d8638244-6535-48d2-a71e-883c5c010c65\\\"\u003eReye syndrome\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"45032575-ebd0-4348-abd5-5f66507f365f\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/children-s-health-issues/miscellaneous-disorders-in-infants-and-young-children/reye-syndrome\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Reye Syndrome \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. None of the over-the-counter cough and cold preparations sold in the United States for children contains \u003cspan class=\\\"genericDrug\\\" data-showrollover=\\\"false\\\"\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e; most contain either \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eacetaminophen\u003c/span\u003e or \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eibuprofen\u003c/span\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Poisoning with salicylates other than aspirin\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488474\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488476\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOil of wintergreen (\u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003emethyl salicylate\u003c/span\u003e) is a very concentrated salicylate that is a component of many commercial products such as liniments and solutions used in hot vaporizers. One teaspoon (5 mL) of pure oil of wintergreen is equivalent to about 7000 milligrams (22 adult tablets) of \u003cspan class=\\\"genericDrug\\\" data-showrollover=\\\"false\\\"\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e. This amount can be fatal to young children . \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828399\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828401\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn \u003cb \u003eacute \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003easpirin\u003c/span\u003e poisoning,\u003c/b\u003e the first symptoms are usually \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828403\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488509\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBlood tests\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488510\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488514\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eActivated charcoal \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488523\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226610\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following is an English-language resource that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Aspirin and related drugs called salicylates, a common ingredient in many prescription and over-the-counter drugs, is safe in normal doses, but severe overdose can cause severe symptoms and..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"55B8199F01754E08B9D94B1B2F071530","TopicName":{"value":"Carbon Monoxide Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/carbon-monoxide-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828442\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828444\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cb \u003eMild carbon monoxide poisoning\u003c/b\u003e causes headache, nausea, dizziness, difficulty concentrating, vomiting, drowsiness, and poor coordination. Most people who develop mild carbon monoxide poisoning recover quickly when moved into fresh air.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488535\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488539\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBlood test\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828447\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488542\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTo prevent poisoning, indoor sources of combustion, such as gas space heaters and wood stoves, require proper installation and ventilation. If such ventilation is impractical, an open window can limit carbon monoxide accumulation by allowing it to escape from the building. Exhaust pipes attached to furnaces and other heating appliances need periodic inspections for cracks and leaks. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488554\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488558\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFresh air\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v66226617\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226619\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following is an English-language resource that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is produced when many materials are burned and can be toxic when breathed in large amounts Carbon monoxide poisoning is common. Symptoms may..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"BD36C990390249D5B5848F6D0C221CD5","TopicName":{"value":"Caustic Substances Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/caustic-substances-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828486\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828488\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePain in the mouth and throat develops rapidly, usually within minutes, and can be severe, particularly with swallowing. Coughing, drooling, an inability to swallow, vomiting, vomiting blood, and shortness of breath may occur. In severe cases involving strong caustic substances, a person may develop very low blood pressure (shock), difficulty breathing, or chest pain, possibly leading to death. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828493\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488580\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488581\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488585\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDrinking water or milk to dilute the caustic substance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v66226632\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226634\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following are some English-language resources that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Caustic substances are highly acidic or alkaline chemicals that can cause severe burns to the mouth and digestive tract when swallowed. When swallowed, caustic substances can burn all tissues..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"56129B01844C4365B86F891B5329E3BA","TopicName":{"value":"Insecticide Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/insecticide-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828589\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828591\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOrganophosphates and carbamates cause eye tearing, blurred vision, salivation, sweating, coughing, vomiting, and frequent bowel movements and urination. Blood pressure can decrease. Heart rate can decrease and become erratic and seizures can occur. Breathing may become difficult, and muscles twitch and become weak. Rarely, shortness of breath or muscle weakness is fatal. Symptoms last hours to days after exposure to carbamates, but weakness can last for weeks after exposure to organophosphates.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828593\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488732\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHistory of exposure to insecticides and characteristic symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488735\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488739\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval of contaminated clothing and washing of skin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v66226660\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226662\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following is an English-language resource that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects. Some insecticides are also dangerous to humans. Many insecticides can cause poisoning after being swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"EAB5B0A8224E41BD8A845353CEFA5AE3","TopicName":{"value":"Iron Poisoning"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/iron-poisoning"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828621\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828623\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSerious iron poisoning usually causes symptoms within 6 hours of the overdose. The symptoms of iron poisoning typically occur in 5 stages:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828625\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488763\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIron levels and other blood tests\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28488767\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28488771\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWhole-bowel irrigation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v66226670\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66226672\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following is an English-language resource that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Iron is a mineral essential to life, but taking too much iron can cause severe symptoms, liver damage, and even death. Symptoms develop in stages and begin with vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}}]}},{"id":"CEDC4FE7BD914265881D32B8F9E89C38","ChapterName":{"value":"Bites and Stings"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings"},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v828761\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany creatures, including \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/human-bites\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Human Bites\u0026quot; data-id=\"65cd1601-fa21-4401-b9d3-46fcbd30c451\" data-itemid=\"811ac9bf-2683-407c-a7d6-df7d237bd538\"\u003ehumans\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"65cd1601-fa21-4401-b9d3-46fcbd30c451\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/human-bites\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Human Bites \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, bite when frightened or provoked. Others include \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"8AEA647F3FEB4B0CA3ED0A455486938C","TopicName":{"value":"Jellyfish Stings"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/jellyfish-stings"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17444663\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444667\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWash venom and remove tentacles from skin \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Seabather's eruption\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17444673\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444667\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWash venom and remove tentacles from skin \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Jellyfish belong to a group known as Cnidaria. Other Cnidaria include Sea anemones Corals Hydroids (such as the Portuguese man-of-war) (See also Introduction to Bites and Stings.)"},"SortIndex":{"value":"14"}},{"id":"A4FDC5029A8143AFABB896E43DFEEC9A","TopicName":{"value":"Octopus, Squid, Snail, and Other Mollusk Stings"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/octopus-squid-snail-and-other-mollusk-stings"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17444712\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444716\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImmerse in hot water\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Mollusks include snails, octopuses and squids, and bivalves (such as clams, oysters, and scallops). A few are venomous. Cone snails are a rare cause of envenomation among divers and shell collectors..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"15"}},{"id":"5B31C136F5AB4F0D8A2BC4F546BBFB1F","TopicName":{"value":"Sea Urchin Stings"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/sea-urchin-stings"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Sea urchins are covered with long, sharp, sometimes venom-coated spines. Touching or stepping on these spines typically causes a painful puncture wound. The spines commonly break off in the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"16"}},{"id":"5F1BC0D38AA84513A00A0E47A1330FA7","TopicName":{"value":"Stingray Stings"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/stingray-stings"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17444824\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444828\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eInitially rinse with saltwater\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Stingrays contain venom in spines located on the back of their tail. Injuries usually occur when a person steps on a stingray (which is often buried in sand) while wading in shallow ocean surf..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"17"}},{"id":"82E3C4B0D984408DAD67B834FDB3AFDC","TopicName":{"value":"Mite Bites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/mite-bites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28335432\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28335436\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAnti-itch medicines, sometimes antibiotics or application of \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003epermethrin\u003c/span\u003e or \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003elindane\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Mites are closely related to spiders. Biting mites, sometimes carried as parasites on the bodies of humans and animals, may transmit disease to humans. (See also Introduction to Bites and Stings..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"10"}},{"id":"C7716EBB64DF40F88991BD31B1728970","TopicName":{"value":"Introduction to Bites and Stings"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/introduction-to-bites-and-stings"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Many creatures, including humans, bite when frightened or provoked. Others include Common pets (such as cats or dogs) or other animals Alligators and crocodiles Iguanas Mites"},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"C26425A313D946679A1721ABA8A09553","TopicName":{"value":"Animal Bites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/animal-bites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828782\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444519\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWound cleaning\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Most animal bites in the United States are from dogs and cats. Wounds should be cleaned and cared for as soon as possible. (See also Introduction to Bites and Stings.) Although any animal may..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"811AC9BF2683407CA7D6DF7D237BD538","TopicName":{"value":"Human Bites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/human-bites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828805\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828807\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHuman bites are painful and usually produce a mark on the skin with the pattern of the teeth. Fight bites typically leave only a small, straight cut over a knuckle. A lacerated finger tendon often results in difficulty moving the finger in one direction. Infected bites become very painful, red, and swollen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828818\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444560\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWound cleaning\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Because human teeth are not particularly sharp, most human bites cause no injury or just a bruise and a shallow wound ( laceration). Exceptions are on fleshy appendages, such as the ears or..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"9118B3E2E08C434AA32FE3088627D362","TopicName":{"value":"Snakebites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/snakebites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828858\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828860\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe symptoms of snake venom poisoning vary widely, depending on the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Pit vipers\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828872\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828860\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe symptoms of snake venom poisoning vary widely, depending on the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Coral snakes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828877\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v828860\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe symptoms of snake venom poisoning vary widely, depending on the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828918\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444780\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v828921\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444787\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBitten arm or leg is positioned at or above heart level and immobilized and constricting clothing and jewelery are removed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Serum sickness\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17444793\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444787\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBitten arm or leg is positioned at or above heart level and immobilized and constricting clothing and jewelery are removed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Venomous snakes in the United States include pit vipers (rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths) and coral snakes. Severe venom injection (envenomation) can cause damage to the bitten extremity..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"615E95ADB700454AA417C6FD6841C631","TopicName":{"value":"Lizard Bites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/lizard-bites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"The only 2 lizards known to be poisonous are the Beaded lizard Gila monster The beaded lizard is present in Mexico. The Gila monster is present in Arizona, Sonora, Mexico, and adjacent areas..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"C168FD06F22943849F6FFB42BA315428","TopicName":{"value":"Spider Bites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/spider-bites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829006\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v829008\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe bite of a \u003cb \u003ewidow spider\u003c/b\u003e usually causes a sharp pain, somewhat like a pinprick, followed by a dull, sometimes numbing, pain in the area around the bite. Cramping pain and muscle stiffness, which may be severe, develop in the abdomen or the shoulders, back, and chest. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, sweating, restlessness, anxiety, headache, drooping and swelling of the eyelids, rash and itching, severe breathing problems, increased saliva production, and weakness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829021\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444805\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829025\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444810\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eCleaning the wound and applying ice\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Almost all spiders are venomous. However, the fangs of most species are too short or too fragile to penetrate human skin. Although there are many species in the United States have been implicated..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"12"}},{"id":"569B13C8484F4ED3AE804DA27968D6B3","TopicName":{"value":"Bee, Wasp, Hornet, and Ant Stings"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/bee-wasp-hornet-and-ant-stings"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829073\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v829075\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cb \u003eBee, wasp, and hornet stings\u003c/b\u003e cause immediate pain and a red, swollen, sometimes itchy area about ½ inch (about 1 centimeter) across. In some people, the area swells to a diameter of 2 inches (5 centimeters) or more over the next 2 or 3 days. This swelling is sometimes mistaken for infection, which is unusual after bee stings. Allergic reactions may cause rash, itching all over, wheezing, trouble breathing, and shock.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829078\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444533\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval of stinger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Stings by bees, wasps, yellow jackets, and hornets are common throughout the United States. Some ants also sting. Stings by bees, wasps, yellow jackets, hornets, and ants usually cause pain..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}},{"id":"2D924C5F2D164460B3286418B1511B12","TopicName":{"value":"Puss Moth Caterpillar Stings"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/puss-moth-caterpillar-stings"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17444729\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444733\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRelief of pain\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The venomous puss moth caterpillar (\u003ci\u003eMegalopyge opercularis\u003c/i\u003e; also called the asp) is present in the southern United States. It is teardrop shaped and has long silky hair, making it resemble..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"9"}},{"id":"588AC387B9F74E13B61D4C49F7C4FD8E","TopicName":{"value":"Insect Bites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/insect-bites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Infectious Disease Spread by Insects\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17444573\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444575\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMore significant than the bites themselves, certain insect bites in certain parts of the world can spread infectious disease. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Among the more common biting insects in the United States are the following: Sand flies Horseflies Deerflies Blackflies"},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"}},{"id":"6525B7FDF6B14B25915E43120405AB38","TopicName":{"value":"Tick Bites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/tick-bites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Tick paralysis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v28335506\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28335512\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn North America, some tick species secrete a toxin in their saliva that causes tick paralysis. A person with tick paralysis feels weak and fatigued. Some people become restless, weak, and irritable. After a few days, a progressive paralysis develops, usually moving up from the legs. The muscles that control breathing also may become paralyzed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829188\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17444870\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval of tick\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Ticks, like mites, are closely related to spiders. These small creatures, sometimes carried as parasites on the bodies of humans and animals, may transmit disease to humans. (See also Introduction..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"13"}},{"id":"7CA61FC1DA274B54B4ABB18329E35FA4","TopicName":{"value":"Centipede and Millipede Bites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/centipede-and-millipede-bites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Although both centipedes and millipedes have segmented bodies, millipedes have 2 sets of legs per segment directly under their body, whereas centipedes have only 1 set of legs per segment positioned..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"292F3B06ABF04AD1B3FF809A6542B1BD","TopicName":{"value":"Scorpion Stings"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/scorpion-stings"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v21497089\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28335453\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRelief of pain\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The stings of North American scorpions are rarely serious and usually result in pain, minimal swelling, tenderness, and warmth at the sting site. However, the bark scorpion (\u003ci\u003eCentruroides...\u003c/i\u003e"},"SortIndex":{"value":"11"}},{"id":"729C13E842CC4ECF85E363C291CBC208","TopicName":{"value":"Alligator, Crocodile, and Iguana Bites"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/bites-and-stings/alligator-crocodile-and-iguana-bites"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Alligator and Crocodile Bites\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8548807\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8548813\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAlligator and crocodile bites usually result from handling the animal. However, rarely, people may be bitten by alligators and crocodiles in the wild. Although alligator and crocodile bites do not contain venom, they are often very severe.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Iguana Bites\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8548817\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8548821\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIguana bites and claw injuries are becoming more frequent as more iguanas are kept as pets. Wounds are cleaned and closed as for any other \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/wounds\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Wounds\\\" data-id=\\\"ed1ef3db-bbc0-461c-8e5b-baa269c3b901\\\" data-itemid=\\\"414cfd51-5aff-4292-9a80-6bd77ec1a73c\\\"\u003ewound\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"ed1ef3db-bbc0-461c-8e5b-baa269c3b901\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/wounds\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Wounds \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Antibiotics may be needed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Alligators, crocodiles, and iguanas can all inflict injuries, some serious. (See also Introduction to Bites and Stings.) Alligator and crocodile bites usually result from handling the animal..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}}]}},{"id":"43CECB5A97C545D4A0D04E43625D3505","ChapterName":{"value":"First Aid"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid"},"SortIndex":{"value":"12"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v829330\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe goal of first aid is to save life, to prevent an injury or illness from worsening, or to help speed recovery. First aid for \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/choking\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Choking\u0026quot; data-id=\"f67fe328-08c6-4f67-8707-e292baae18f5\" data-itemid=\"1678bd61-584e-4302-8c19-f0b650ba7688\"\u003echoking\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"f67fe328-08c6-4f67-8707-e292baae18f5\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/choking\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Choking \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/internal-bleeding\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Internal Bleeding\u0026quot; data-id=\"b01d56e4-2ef3-4847-ac7b-22a97ed794ac\" data-itemid=\"0014c1b2-5bbd-44ac-8cf9-f2d5dbc8e7f0\"\u003einternal bleeding\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"b01d56e4-2ef3-4847-ac7b-22a97ed794ac\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/internal-bleeding\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Internal Bleeding \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/wounds\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Wounds\u0026quot; data-id=\"9c674f97-a2e2-4bb2-af4d-b64b947bc6e6\" data-itemid=\"414cfd51-5aff-4292-9a80-6bd77ec1a73c\"\u003eminor wounds\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"9c674f97-a2e2-4bb2-af4d-b64b947bc6e6\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/wounds\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Wounds \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/soft-tissue-injuries\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" title =\u0026quot;Soft-Tissue Injuries\u0026quot; data-id=\"fffa2ab7-7d21-4395-bada-0cc9f5807c35\" data-itemid=\"e06b77a8-56d7-4455-9c0c-bb97fa958d05\"\u003eminor soft tissue injuries\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\"fffa2ab7-7d21-4395-bada-0cc9f5807c35\" class=\"d-none xref\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-container\"\u003e \u003ca href=\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/soft-tissue-injuries\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-content\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-heading\"\u003e Soft-Tissue Injuries \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"tooltip-readmore\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e is discussed in this chapter. Other chapters discuss first aid for the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"DCE074399BE94A52809F96E8235FA7E7","TopicName":{"value":"Basic First Aid Supplies"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/basic-first-aid-supplies"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v38403538\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v68369120\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of the resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The first aid kit should be kept well-stocked and should be checked every 3 to 6 months, replacing any missing or expired items. The following basic supplies are useful to have on hand: Adhesive..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"CD0E39C85E9449DE99CD8A0927F407E2","TopicName":{"value":"Introduction to First Aid"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/introduction-to-first-aid"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"The goal of first aid is to save life, to prevent an injury or illness from worsening, or to help speed recovery. First aid for choking, internal bleeding, minor wounds, and minor soft tissue..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"77D1C94D9C264E77A0EF96D4D1D3B0EF","TopicName":{"value":"Emergency First Aid Priorities"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/emergency-first-aid-priorities"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"The first priority during a medical emergency is to save lives. A person who is unconscious and unresponsive may be close to death, and rescuers must assess the situation and begin treatment..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"1678BD61584E43028C19F0B650BA7688","TopicName":{"value":"Choking"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/choking"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"First Aid for Choking\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829468\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v829470\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIf more than 1 rescuer is available, one rescuer should call for emergency medical care while another starts to treat the person who is choking. If only 1 rescuer is available, wait to call for help until after trying to clear the choking person's airway. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Maneuvers to relieve choking are frequently life saving. Adults most often choke on a piece of food, such as a large piece of meat. Infants do not have well-developed swallowing reflexes and..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"0014C1B25BBD44AC8CF9F2D5DBC8E7F0","TopicName":{"value":"Internal Bleeding"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/internal-bleeding"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"First Aid for Internal Bleeding\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829519\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v829521\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eInternal bleeding cannot be stopped without the help of health care professionals. If extensive bleeding causes light-headedness or symptoms of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Shock\\\" data-id=\\\"8147882a-55b8-41b3-a1a1-66220c895a06\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4b7167b3-3dd2-46b6-bf7c-3611bd421159\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"8147882a-55b8-41b3-a1a1-66220c895a06\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Shock \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, the person should be laid down and the legs elevated. Medical assistance should be summoned as quickly as possible. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Heavy internal bleeding may occur in the abdominal cavity, chest cavity, digestive tract, or tissues surrounding large bones, such as the thighbone (femur) and pelvis, that are broken. Initially..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"414CFD515AFF42929A806BD77EC1A73C","TopicName":{"value":"Wounds"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/wounds"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"First Aid for Wounds\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829544\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v829546\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe first step in treating a cut is to stop the bleeding. Visible bleeding can almost always be stopped by placing a gauze pad or clean cloth over the bleeding area and firmly compressing the area with a finger or hand for at least 5 minutes. Whenever possible, the bleeding part is elevated above the level of the heart. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Cuts or tears in tissue (lacerations), scrapes (abrasions), and puncture wounds can be caused by bites or by other mechanisms. Wounds that are not caused by bites and are clean and relatively..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}},{"id":"E06B77A856D744559C0CBB97FA958D05","TopicName":{"value":"Soft-Tissue Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/soft-tissue-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"First Aid for Soft-Tissue Injuries\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829580\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v829598\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eContusions, mild strains, and mild sprains can be treated at home with \u003ci \u003e\u003cb \u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/i\u003erotection \u003ci \u003e\u003cb \u003er\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/i\u003eest, \u003ci \u003e\u003cb \u003ei\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/i\u003ece, \u003ci \u003e\u003cb \u003ec\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/i\u003eompression, and \u003ci \u003e\u003cb \u003ee\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/i\u003elevation ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/overview-of-sports-injuries#v825802\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Initial treatment\\\" data-id=\\\"3bdf03ed-02cc-4955-ac3e-7cd03f804c6a\\\" data-itemid=\\\"770dd4af-057b-4972-85e1-3736a710945e\\\"\u003ePRICE\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"3bdf03ed-02cc-4955-ac3e-7cd03f804c6a\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/overview-of-sports-injuries#v825802\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Initial treatment \u003c/span\u003e Sports injuries are common among athletes and other people who participate in sports. Certain injuries that are traditionally considered sports injuries can also occur in people who do not participate... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e), which speeds recovery and decreases pain and swelling. If a fracture, severe strain, severe sprain, subluxation (partial dislocation), or dislocation is a possibility, a splint should be applied until medical help is available.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Soft-tissue injuries include bumps and bruises (contusions) and small tears of muscles (strains) or of ligaments and tendons near joints (sprains)—see also Overview of Sprains and Other Soft-Tissue..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"CEA2BF46B1514ECBA5E96A5DD027E2A1","TopicName":{"value":"Severed or Constricted Limbs or Digits"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/severed-or-constricted-limbs-or-digits"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Body parts such as fingers and toes can become severed (amputated). Also, tissue may die because blood flow has been cut off by rings or other constricting devices. For example, an injured finger..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}}]}},{"id":"A02F135AF139438D9670C578F042DD15","ChapterName":{"value":"Fractures"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures"},"SortIndex":{"value":"13"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v13965586\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eA fracture is a crack or break in a bone. Most fractures result from force applied to a bone.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"6FFCBA3554854061AB877B49C32CBC69","TopicName":{"value":"Growth Plate Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/growth-plate-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966216\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966218\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eGrowth plate fractures may result from\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966225\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966227\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe area over the growth plate is painful, particularly when it is touched. This area is also swollen and may feel warm. Children have trouble moving the affected limb or putting weight or pressure on it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966228\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966232\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966236\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966240\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA cast or splint\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Growth plate fractures occur in areas at the ends of bones. These areas (called growth plates) are what enable children to grow. Growth plate fractures occur only in children and adolescents..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"8C0AA326F4CB40F998B4CE696618B5CC","TopicName":{"value":"Upper Arm Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/upper-arm-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966327\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966329\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe shoulder and upper arm are painful and swollen. People cannot easily raise their arm.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966330\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966336\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966344\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966348\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually a sling\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Upper arm fractures occur at the upper end of the upper arm bone (humerus), affecting the shoulder joint. Upper arm fractures usually result from a fall on an outstretched arm. Usually, the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"99E4ED02371845878A0F2DBB5AD11E93","TopicName":{"value":"Elbow Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/elbow-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Lower Humeral Fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966412\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966417\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eLower humeral fractures occur in the lower part of the upper arm bone (humerus), which is part of the elbow joint.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v37135451\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966417\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eLower humeral fractures occur in the lower part of the upper arm bone (humerus), which is part of the elbow joint.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v37135456\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966417\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eLower humeral fractures occur in the lower part of the upper arm bone (humerus), which is part of the elbow joint.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966447\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966417\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eLower humeral fractures occur in the lower part of the upper arm bone (humerus), which is part of the elbow joint.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Fractures of Part of the Elbow\",\"UniqueID\":\"v74930778\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v74930781\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eThe pointy bony area of the ulna that projects behind the elbow is called the olecranon (or the olecranon process). Fractures of the olecranon are usually due to a fall on an outstretched hand or a direct blow to the elbow. Avulsion fractures of the olecranon (which occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone) rarely occur when the triceps tendon pulls off a piece of the olecranon. \u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v74930783\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v74930781\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eThe pointy bony area of the ulna that projects behind the elbow is called the olecranon (or the olecranon process). Fractures of the olecranon are usually due to a fall on an outstretched hand or a direct blow to the elbow. Avulsion fractures of the olecranon (which occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone) rarely occur when the triceps tendon pulls off a piece of the olecranon. \u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v74930787\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v74930781\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eThe pointy bony area of the ulna that projects behind the elbow is called the olecranon (or the olecranon process). Fractures of the olecranon are usually due to a fall on an outstretched hand or a direct blow to the elbow. Avulsion fractures of the olecranon (which occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone) rarely occur when the triceps tendon pulls off a piece of the olecranon. \u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v74930795\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v74930781\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eThe pointy bony area of the ulna that projects behind the elbow is called the olecranon (or the olecranon process). Fractures of the olecranon are usually due to a fall on an outstretched hand or a direct blow to the elbow. Avulsion fractures of the olecranon (which occurs when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone) rarely occur when the triceps tendon pulls off a piece of the olecranon. \u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Fractures of the Upper Forearm\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966460\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966465\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eUpper forearm fractures can occur in the top (head) of the larger forearm bone (radius), which is part of the elbow joint.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966470\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966465\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eUpper forearm fractures can occur in the top (head) of the larger forearm bone (radius), which is part of the elbow joint.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966474\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966465\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eUpper forearm fractures can occur in the top (head) of the larger forearm bone (radius), which is part of the elbow joint.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966485\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966465\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eUpper forearm fractures can occur in the top (head) of the larger forearm bone (radius), which is part of the elbow joint.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Elbow fractures may involve the upper arm bone (humerus) near the elbow—called lower (distal) humeral fractures—or one of the upper forearm bones (radius or ulna)—called radial head fractures..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"15F50BD93D73452486E05BB3FBDBD9CC","TopicName":{"value":"Fractures of the Palm"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/fractures-of-the-palm"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966731\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966733\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe knuckles become swollen and tender in people with metacarpal fractures. Occasionally, the broken pieces of bone are out of place (misaligned) or rotate so that a finger is out of position.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966734\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966738\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966740\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v74930814\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor open wounds, especially \u003ca href=\\\"/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/hand-disorders/hand-infections-caused-by-bites#v35322767\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Treatment\\\" data-id=\\\"8a325c6e-810b-4b25-aa89-be7eccebc7ff\\\" data-itemid=\\\"3a61a6c7-2a31-498c-92c9-b31e892ced1f\\\"\u003e\\\"fight bites,\\\" antibiotics to prevent infection\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"8a325c6e-810b-4b25-aa89-be7eccebc7ff\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/hand-disorders/hand-infections-caused-by-bites#v35322767\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Treatment \u003c/span\u003e The most common human bite–related infection of the hand is injury to the knuckles of a person who punches another person in the mouth (called a clenched fist injury or fight bite). Animal bites... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Fractures of the palm involve the bones located between the finger bones and wrist bones. These bones are called metacarpal bones. Occasionally, the metacarpal bone at the base of the thumb..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"}},{"id":"4A66578D26F547639E725EAD9CEDDE82","TopicName":{"value":"Finger Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/finger-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966768\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966770\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA fractured fingertip is swollen and tender. Usually, blood accumulates under the nail (called a Subungual Hematoma [Fingernail] ). The nail looks bluish black and may be raised up. The nail bed, located under the nail, may be torn. This injury is very painful. If the nail is badly injured, it often remains misshapen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966774\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966778\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966781\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966785\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA protective covering\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Common finger fractures include avulsion fractures and crush fractures of the fingertips. When a fingertip is crushed, it is tender and swollen, and the nail may be bluish black and raised up..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"9"}},{"id":"B3A026D423AE459096A2E88F0A05392B","TopicName":{"value":"Ankle Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/ankle-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967132\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967134\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA fractured ankle is painful and swollen. Usually, people cannot put their weight on the injured extremity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967135\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967141\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967144\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967148\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor most stable fractures, a walking boot or cast\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Ankle fractures can involve the bump of bone on the outside of the ankle (lateral malleolus), which is the end of the smaller leg bone in the lower leg (fibula). Or they can involve the bump..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"14"}},{"id":"4548651A7764445DB922FBC86847B950","TopicName":{"value":"Fractures of the Heel Bone"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/fractures-of-the-heel-bone"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967171\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967173\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe fractured heel is tender. The foot and ankle are usually very swollen and may be bruised. People are unable to put weight on their foot.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967176\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967180\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967185\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967189\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eConsultation with an orthopedic specialist\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Fractures occur in the heel bone (calcaneus), located at the back of the foot. Heel fractures usually result from great force and thus are often accompanied by knee and spine injuries. If the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"15"}},{"id":"00F9D3D533064E879CEEB2CF0C31F96C","TopicName":{"value":"Toe Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/toe-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967273\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967275\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe fractured toe is usually painful, swollen, and tender. Often, blood collects under the toenail, especially if the toe was crushed, forming a purple-black spot ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/finger-fractures#v13966770\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Symptoms\\\" data-id=\\\"16d46e84-6143-42ce-94f9-4a94840f4697\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4a66578d-26f5-4763-9e72-5ead9cedde82\\\"\u003esubungual hematoma\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"16d46e84-6143-42ce-94f9-4a94840f4697\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/finger-fractures#v13966770\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Symptoms \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/m/3/3/m3301703_bruised_fingernail_science_photo_library_high.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Symptoms\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967280\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967284\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967299\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967303\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBuddy taping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Any toe and any part of a toe can be fractured. The fractured toe is usually painful, swollen, and tender, and the nail may be discolored. Doctors can often diagnose a toe fracture based on..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"17"}},{"id":"C4DCE812C5FE46129EBE694F32562B36","TopicName":{"value":"Sesamoid Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/sesamoid-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967320\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v37135807\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUse of a specially designed shoe\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Fractures may occur in the two small round bones at the base of the big toe (sesamoid bones). Sesamoid bones may fracture while running, hiking, or participating in sports that involve coming..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"18"}},{"id":"B58E533F50E04E26976B97920E6DE524","TopicName":{"value":"Metatarsal Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/metatarsal-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Stress Fractures of the Metatarsals\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967348\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967350\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eStress fractures are incomplete breaks in the bone caused by repeated stress rather than a single injury.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967354\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967350\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eStress fractures are incomplete breaks in the bone caused by repeated stress rather than a single injury.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967357\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967350\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eStress fractures are incomplete breaks in the bone caused by repeated stress rather than a single injury.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967363\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967350\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eStress fractures are incomplete breaks in the bone caused by repeated stress rather than a single injury.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967374\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967377\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eA \u003cb \u003eLisfranc fracture\u003c/b\u003e is a complete break in the 2nd metatarsal bone, which connects the 2nd toe to the bones at the back of the foot. A \u003cb \u003eLisfranc fracture-dislocation\u003c/b\u003e occurs when the broken pieces of bone are separated from each other (dislocated).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967393\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967377\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eA \u003cb \u003eLisfranc fracture\u003c/b\u003e is a complete break in the 2nd metatarsal bone, which connects the 2nd toe to the bones at the back of the foot. A \u003cb \u003eLisfranc fracture-dislocation\u003c/b\u003e occurs when the broken pieces of bone are separated from each other (dislocated).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967398\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967377\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eA \u003cb \u003eLisfranc fracture\u003c/b\u003e is a complete break in the 2nd metatarsal bone, which connects the 2nd toe to the bones at the back of the foot. A \u003cb \u003eLisfranc fracture-dislocation\u003c/b\u003e occurs when the broken pieces of bone are separated from each other (dislocated).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967406\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967377\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eA \u003cb \u003eLisfranc fracture\u003c/b\u003e is a complete break in the 2nd metatarsal bone, which connects the 2nd toe to the bones at the back of the foot. A \u003cb \u003eLisfranc fracture-dislocation\u003c/b\u003e occurs when the broken pieces of bone are separated from each other (dislocated).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Fractures of the 5th Metatarsal Bone\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967416\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967419\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eFractures of the 5th metatarsal bone occur in the bone that connects the little toe to the bones at the back of foot.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Fractures of the base\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967427\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967429\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe base of the 5th metatarsal can be broken when the foot turns inward or is crushed. These fractures are sometimes called dancer's or pseudo-Jones fractures. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Fractures of the shaft\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967433\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967435\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures of the shaft can result from repeated stress ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/stress-fractures-of-the-foot\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Stress Fractures of the Foot\\\" data-id=\\\"fab1054e-0071-44ff-99b5-0607d40aa522\\\" data-itemid=\\\"49307397-355c-48bc-8931-2be205b2956e\\\"\u003estress fractures\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"fab1054e-0071-44ff-99b5-0607d40aa522\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/sports-injuries/stress-fractures-of-the-foot\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Stress Fractures of the Foot \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e) or a single injury.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Fractures may occur in the long bones in the middle of the foot (metatarsal bones). There are several different kinds of metatarsal fractures, including stress fractures, Lisfranc fracture-dislocations..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"19"}},{"id":"9F425C1E8C32474393828CC7BDFEA0F2","TopicName":{"value":"Compartment Syndrome"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/compartment-syndrome"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967478\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967480\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe first symptom of compartment syndrome may be increasing pain. The pain is typically worse than expected for the injury. Moving the fingers or toes in ways that stretch the affected muscles is painful. Pain relievers have little effect. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967482\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967486\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967498\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967502\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval of anything confining the limb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Compartment syndrome is increased pressure in the space around certain muscles. It occurs when injured muscles swell so much that they cut off their blood supply. Pain in the injured limb increases..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"20"}},{"id":"15EF0B159697448BA01F0C32E91CE07D","TopicName":{"value":"Middle Forearm Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/middle-forearm-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v53084219\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v53084221\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe fractured forearm is painful and swollen. There may also be bruising. Moving the forearm is typically painful, including extending the wrist or elbow.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v53084222\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v53084226\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v53084231\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v53084235\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRealignment of the broken bones, with or without surgery\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Forearm fractures involve the middle of one or both of the forearm bones (radius and ulna). Fractures of the middle forearm usually result from a direct impact during contact sports, falls,..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"57D29FC280754B0E88E41E11438A0DF9","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/overview-of-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"How bones heal\",\"UniqueID\":\"v44185279\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v44185281\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWhen most tissues, such as those of the skin, muscles, and internal organs, are significantly injured, they mend themselves by producing scar tissue to replace the injured tissue. The scar tissue often looks different from normal tissue or interferes with function in some way. In contrast, bone heals by producing actual bone tissue. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965621\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971393\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTrauma is the most common cause of fractures. Trauma includes \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829677\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v829679\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe most obvious symptom of a fracture is\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Complications\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829681\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Blood vessel damage\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965656\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Nerve damage\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965662\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Pulmonary embolism\",\"UniqueID\":\"v37135247\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Fat embolism\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965666\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Compartment syndrome\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965669\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Infections\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965679\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Joint problems\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965683\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Uneven limbs\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965689\",\"Index\":8.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Problems with healing\",\"UniqueID\":\"v37135270\",\"Index\":9.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Osteonecrosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965736\",\"Index\":10.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971424\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFractures can be accompanied by or lead to other problems (complications). However, serious complications are unusual. The risk of serious complications is increased if the skin is torn or if blood vessels or nerves are damaged.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829728\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971512\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Description of the injury\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965775\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971512\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Physical examination\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965779\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971512\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Tests\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965799\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971512\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Types of fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13965846\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971512\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829739\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971762\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Treatment of children\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966012\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971762\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment of serious injuries\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966022\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971762\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Pain relief\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966028\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971762\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"PRICE\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966032\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971762\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Reduction\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966040\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971762\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Immobilization\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829856\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971762\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Surgery\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966087\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13971762\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of serious complications\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Rehabilitation and Prognosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v829936\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v829940\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost injuries heal well and result in few problems. However, some do not completely heal even though they are diagnosed and treated appropriately.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A fracture is a crack or break in a bone. Most fractures result from force applied to a bone. Fractures usually result from injuries or overuse. The injured part hurts (especially when it is..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"B767862CF7494542ABDE895BF8E6919C","TopicName":{"value":"Foot Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/foot-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967244\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967248\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually x-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967250\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967254\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA splint (then sometimes a cast) or a specially designed shoe or boot\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Fractures of the foot include toe fractures and fractures of the middle bones of the foot ( metatarsal fractures), the two small round bones at the base of the big toe ( sesamoid fractures)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"16"}},{"id":"5607620FFD2440E389638B6D707550BA","TopicName":{"value":"Leg Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/leg-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Thighbone (Femur) Fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967069\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967074\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eFractures may occur in the long middle part (shaft) of the thighbone, which is the largest bone in the body. The top of thighbone forms part of the hip joint. Thus, fractures in the top of the thighbone are considered \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hip-fractures\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hip Fractures\\\" data-id=\\\"cac22d75-b7ae-4034-8cb6-ce10721b3137\\\" data-itemid=\\\"509d78de-c2a2-4c0f-8c06-538e443b6f14\\\"\u003ehip fractures\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"cac22d75-b7ae-4034-8cb6-ce10721b3137\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hip-fractures\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hip Fractures \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967077\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967074\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eFractures may occur in the long middle part (shaft) of the thighbone, which is the largest bone in the body. The top of thighbone forms part of the hip joint. Thus, fractures in the top of the thighbone are considered \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hip-fractures\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hip Fractures\\\" data-id=\\\"cac22d75-b7ae-4034-8cb6-ce10721b3137\\\" data-itemid=\\\"509d78de-c2a2-4c0f-8c06-538e443b6f14\\\"\u003ehip fractures\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"cac22d75-b7ae-4034-8cb6-ce10721b3137\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hip-fractures\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hip Fractures \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967080\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967074\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eFractures may occur in the long middle part (shaft) of the thighbone, which is the largest bone in the body. The top of thighbone forms part of the hip joint. Thus, fractures in the top of the thighbone are considered \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hip-fractures\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hip Fractures\\\" data-id=\\\"cac22d75-b7ae-4034-8cb6-ce10721b3137\\\" data-itemid=\\\"509d78de-c2a2-4c0f-8c06-538e443b6f14\\\"\u003ehip fractures\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"cac22d75-b7ae-4034-8cb6-ce10721b3137\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hip-fractures\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hip Fractures \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967086\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967074\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eFractures may occur in the long middle part (shaft) of the thighbone, which is the largest bone in the body. The top of thighbone forms part of the hip joint. Thus, fractures in the top of the thighbone are considered \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hip-fractures\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hip Fractures\\\" data-id=\\\"cac22d75-b7ae-4034-8cb6-ce10721b3137\\\" data-itemid=\\\"509d78de-c2a2-4c0f-8c06-538e443b6f14\\\"\u003ehip fractures\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"cac22d75-b7ae-4034-8cb6-ce10721b3137\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hip-fractures\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hip Fractures \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Leg fractures occur in one or more of the three long bones in the legs: the thighbone (femur), the shinbone (tibia), and the smaller bone in the lower leg (fibula). (See also Overview of Fractures..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"13"}},{"id":"509D78DEC2A24C0F8C06538E443B6F14","TopicName":{"value":"Hip Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hip-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v830068\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v830070\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHip fractures are usually very painful and usually cause pain in the groin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13967012\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967016\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v830082\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967023\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually surgery to repair or replace the hip\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Hip repair\",\"UniqueID\":\"v37135673\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967023\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually surgery to repair or replace the hip\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Hip replacement\",\"UniqueID\":\"v830100\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13967023\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually surgery to repair or replace the hip\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Hip fractures may occur in the round upper end (head) of the thighbone, in the narrow part of the thighbone just below the head (neck), or in the bumps in the broader area just below the neck..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"12"}},{"id":"6C4CFCD116CA4A5494D8AE8729E22CF7","TopicName":{"value":"Pelvic Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/pelvic-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966918\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966920\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn young adults, severe fractures of the entire pelvis can result from high-speed car or motorcycle crashes, collision of a car with a pedestrian, or falls from a height. These fractures can cause life-threatening bleeding, whether the skin is broken or not. Dangerously low blood pressure ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Shock\\\" data-id=\\\"90177494-34b6-45f3-a581-73dd834d739f\\\" data-itemid=\\\"4b7167b3-3dd2-46b6-bf7c-3611bd421159\\\"\u003eshock\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"90177494-34b6-45f3-a581-73dd834d739f\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/low-blood-pressure-and-shock/shock\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Shock \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e) can result. Also nearby nerves and organs, such as the bladder, reproductive organs, and intestine, may be damaged. Severe fractures are usually unstable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v830129\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v830131\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost fractures of the pelvis cause considerable pain in the groin, even when people are lying down or sitting. The pain becomes much worse when people try to walk, although some can walk. The area is often swollen and bruised. People may try to keep the hip or knee bent in a specific position to avoid making the pain worse.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v830133\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966929\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v830136\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966942\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor minor, stable fractures, usually only pain relievers and walking\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"One or more bones of the pelvis may be broken. These fractures range from a small chip of bone being broken off, to fractures due to slight force (as can occur in older people with osteoporosis)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"11"}},{"id":"12567DDA361C491C88AEE0AB765BAAFA","TopicName":{"value":"Compression Fractures of the Spine"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/compression-fractures-of-the-spine"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v830165\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v830167\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAbout two thirds of the people with compression fractures due to osteoporosis do not have any symptoms. They feel no pain when the fracture occurs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Other injuries\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966846\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v830167\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAbout two thirds of the people with compression fractures due to osteoporosis do not have any symptoms. They feel no pain when the fracture occurs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v830169\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966854\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v830172\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966862\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePain relievers \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Procedures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966872\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966862\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePain relievers \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"In a compression fracture of the spine, the drum-shaped part (body) of one or more back bones (vertebrae) collapses into itself and becomes squashed (compressed) into a wedge shape. Most compression..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"10"}},{"id":"2335FC9D07204341B3D2EA4DCEF01B54","TopicName":{"value":"Collarbone Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/collarbone-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966267\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966269\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe area is painful and swollen, and pain may extend into the shoulder. People may sense that the bone is moving and unstable. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966271\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966275\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eX-rays\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966281\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966285\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eUsually, a sling\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Fracture of the collarbone (clavicle) is a break in the long bone that runs horizontally from the top of the breastbone (sternum) to the top of the shoulder blade (scapula). Collarbone fractures..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"74FF838FEFA146699958CEFF5105B115","TopicName":{"value":"Wrist Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/wrist-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Fractures of the Lower Forearm\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966513\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966523\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eFractures usually involve the larger lower forearm bone (radius). Sometimes the smaller one (ulna) is also broken. These fractures are considered wrist fractures.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966545\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966523\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eFractures usually involve the larger lower forearm bone (radius). Sometimes the smaller one (ulna) is also broken. These fractures are considered wrist fractures.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966548\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966523\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eFractures usually involve the larger lower forearm bone (radius). Sometimes the smaller one (ulna) is also broken. These fractures are considered wrist fractures.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966558\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966523\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eFractures usually involve the larger lower forearm bone (radius). Sometimes the smaller one (ulna) is also broken. These fractures are considered wrist fractures.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Scaphoid Fractures\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966584\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966588\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eScaphoid fractures involve a bone in the wrist near the base of the thumb (scaphoid bone).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966602\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966588\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eScaphoid fractures involve a bone in the wrist near the base of the thumb (scaphoid bone).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966605\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966588\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eScaphoid fractures involve a bone in the wrist near the base of the thumb (scaphoid bone).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966619\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966588\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eScaphoid fractures involve a bone in the wrist near the base of the thumb (scaphoid bone).\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Wrist fractures may involve the lower end of one or both of the forearm bones (radius or ulna) or, less often, a bone in the base of the hand. The wrist consists of The two long bones in the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"9118A8B58F9B4682B18F4B3B01266434","TopicName":{"value":"Hand Fractures"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/hand-fractures"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966645\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966649\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v13966657\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v13966661\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA bandage, splint, or cast\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Any bone in the hand can be broken. Hand fractures include Fractures of the wrist bones (carpals) Fractures of the bones of the palm (metacarpals) Fractures of the bones of the thumb and fingers..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}}]}},{"id":"BD738BD66AAC4B5C84C059B997CCAE62","ChapterName":{"value":"Mass-Casualty Weapons"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons"},"SortIndex":{"value":"17"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v8974288\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMass-casualty weapons are weapons that can produce a mass-casualty incident. Mass-casualty incidents overwhelm available medical resources because they involve so many injured people (casualties). Mass-casualty weapons include a variety of \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"D17C7F086A3A4F21B56801B067CB0D47","TopicName":{"value":"Anticholinergic Chemical-Warfare Agents"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/anticholinergic-chemical-warfare-agents"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459659\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459661\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople exposed to BZ have dry mouth and skin, dilated pupils (causing blurring of vision), and usually rapid heartbeat. Their body temperature may also become dangerously high (hyperthermia). They may become lethargic and then develop hallucinations in which they see or hear things. The hallucinations are typically concrete and easily describable (for example, voices of people they know, imaginary television programs, sharing of imaginary cigarettes, or odd shapes). Speech may be slurred, and people often pick at their skin or clothes. Stupor and coma may last hours to days, but people gradually recover.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459662\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459666\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459668\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459672\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eLowering of elevated body temperature\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"There are many types of chemical-warfare agents that affect different parts of the body. \"Anticholinergic\" refers to drugs that block the effects of the chemical acetylcholine (see Anticholinergic..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"CF02F686538645ABA8FC7AA0CED75BE9","TopicName":{"value":"Blistering Agents in Chemical Warfare"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/blistering-agents-in-chemical-warfare"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459700\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459702\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cb \u003eMustard compounds\u003c/b\u003e cause intense skin pain and redness. A few hours after exposure (sometimes as long as 36 hours later), blisters form. Blisters caused by sulfur mustard sometimes resemble a string of pearls around a central area that appears to be unaffected but is actually too damaged to blister. Blisters caused by nitrogen mustard are less likely to show this pattern. Blisters may become large and full of fluid. The eyes may be painfully inflamed, and the corneas may become cloudy. People cough and have hoarseness, wheezing, gasping, and windpipe spasms. They may feel tightness in their chest and be short of breath. Nausea may develop.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459705\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459709\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459714\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459718\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDecontamination of eyes and skin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"There are many types of chemical-warfare agents that affect different parts of the body. Blistering agents affect the skin and include Mustards, including sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustards..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"529243A5E25D43C39D312B37006A0AEB","TopicName":{"value":"Incendiary Agents and Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/incendiary-agents-and-hydrogen-fluoride-hf"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459742\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459744\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" data-id=\\\"46f5d041-7d3f-45db-8ae3-e36b7804bd8d\\\" data-itemid=\\\"605d5089-f901-4d34-8df1-70826291adcc\\\"\u003eBurns\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"46f5d041-7d3f-45db-8ae3-e36b7804bd8d\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Burns \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e caused by an incendiary agent are similar to those of other burns caused by heat or fire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459747\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459751\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459753\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459757\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDecontamination of the skin\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"There are many types of chemical-warfare agents that affect different parts of the body. Military incendiary agents are chemicals that are designed to illuminate the battlefield, to start fires..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"6CBE390E49F340A08A1CB666DA67036E","TopicName":{"value":"Nerve Chemical-Warfare Agents"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/nerve-chemical-warfare-agents"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459787\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459789\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eExposure to a nerve agent causes various symptoms depending on the agent, route of exposure, and dose. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459793\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459797\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459799\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459803\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eInjections of \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eatropine\u003c/span\u003e and pralidoxime\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"There are many types of chemical-warfare agents that affect different parts of the body. Nerve agents (sometimes incorrectly called \"nerve gas\") affect how nerves transmit signals to muscles..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"C2B1F5F4D78442D3A7ACE849E315901C","TopicName":{"value":"Pulmonary Chemical-Warfare Agents"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/pulmonary-chemical-warfare-agents"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459830\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459832\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eInitial exposure to \u003cb \u003etype 1 agents\u003c/b\u003e causes sneezing, coughing, and spasm of the windpipe, which can block the airway. Eye irritation can also occur. People with windpipe spasm are hoarse, have wheezing, and make a gasping sound as they breathe in. This sound is called stridor. However, with high doses of type 1 agents, delayed-onset chest tightness or shortness of breath (type 2 effects) may also occur.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459834\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459838\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459848\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459852\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of specific symptoms\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"There are many types of chemical-warfare agents that affect different parts of the body. Pulmonary agents affect the lungs and airways. They include traditional “choking” agents, such as chlorine..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}},{"id":"6E18F16FA4A54ECFB0BA09AC7781359E","TopicName":{"value":"Riot-Control Chemical Agents"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/riot-control-chemical-agents"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459877\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459879\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost riot-control agents cause nearly immediate irritation and pain to the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. People who inhale the agents develop coughing, sneezing, wheezing, and sometimes shortness of breath. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459882\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459886\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459890\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459894\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRemoval from exposure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459901\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v51697999\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"There are many types of chemical-warfare agents that affect different parts of the body. Riot-control agents are chemical compounds that were initially developed for crowd control but that have..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"}},{"id":"F636EAF509F346A0B7C2A5EEA3B25B19","TopicName":{"value":"Systemic Asphyxiant Chemical-Warfare Agents"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/systemic-asphyxiant-chemical-warfare-agents"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459936\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459938\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cb \u003eCyanide\u003c/b\u003e initially causes gasping, a rapid heart rate, and high blood pressure. People may have seizures and lose consciousness in as little as 30 seconds. They may display signs that are similar to those of \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/tetanus\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Tetanus\\\" data-id=\\\"05f7d300-6cf5-4145-939f-c5700c122949\\\" data-itemid=\\\"c5e0ab39-d560-47c3-90fd-1ed4fc2e4255\\\"\u003etetanus\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"05f7d300-6cf5-4145-939f-c5700c122949\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/tetanus\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Tetanus \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, including lockjaw, grimacing, and arching of the neck. Their skin may appear flushed, but about half of people have a blue tinge to their skin. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459941\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459945\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459947\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459951\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eEnsuring person can breathe\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"There are many types of chemical-warfare agents that affect different parts of the body. Systemic asphyxiants poison cells throughout the body and include Cyanide compounds Hydrogen sulfide..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"9"}},{"id":"985B6EF870564BC8B95DD45217B944CF","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Incidents Involving Mass-Casualty Weapons"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/overview-of-incidents-involving-mass-casualty-weapons"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Initial Approach\",\"UniqueID\":\"v6683146\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8974312\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctors and emergency personnel typically approach an incident involving mass-casualty weapons with the following steps: \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Preparedness\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11545383\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v11545386\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePreparedness efforts are crucial. Disaster plans are needed in hospitals and in the community, along with appropriate supplies and equipment, to respond to an incident. Disaster preparedness typically includes plans to bring in additional staff and to reassign resources (such as beds, operating rooms, and blood) from routine care to victims of the disaster. Supplies and equipment typically include designated decontamination areas with contained drainage, floor coverings and protective gear to minimize spread of contamination, and stockpiles of antidotes or formal arrangements to obtain them from other sources. Many hospitals regularly hold drills to help familiarize staff with disaster plans, including the location of written procedures, supplies, and equipment (particularly those for decontamination).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Recognition\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11545388\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v11545390\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAlthough incidents involving explosives, firearms, and transportation crashes are easy for doctors and first responders to recognize, incidents involving biological or chemical weapons are often much harder to identify.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Assessment and triage\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11545392\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v11545396\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTriage is the process of assigning the degree of urgency to injuries. Some people need treatment very quickly, whereas others can safely wait for a period of time. The large number of casualties in an incident involving mass-casualty weapons requires that doctors and first responders keep initial encounters with affected people brief so that everyone can be evaluated quickly. Triage can be particularly challenging because people in mass-casualty incidents that do not involve explosions or fire may have no visible injuries. In addition, many people at or near an incident who were not exposed to the weapon may have a stress reaction (such as hyperventilation, shaking, nausea, and weakness). Stress reactions may be hard for medical personnel to distinguish from toxic, infectious, or radiological effects. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459608\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43459610\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eFor incidents involving mass-casualty weapons, doctors and other responders aim to\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Mass-casualty weapons are weapons that can produce a mass-casualty incident. Mass-casualty incidents overwhelm available medical resources because they involve so many injured people (casualties)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"CB7FB13488794E8097EAE7511F6AE4FB","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Chemical-Warfare Agents"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/overview-of-chemical-warfare-agents"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Chemical weapons are developed by governments for wartime use and include Toxic agents (intended to cause serious injury or death) Incapacitating agents (intended to cause only temporary, non–life-threatening..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"FC7F07C997704BCC9BE3F03FA5B9ABDB","TopicName":{"value":"Toxins as Weapons"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/toxins-as-weapons"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Botulinum Toxin\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8975000\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8975003\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/botulism\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Botulism\\\" data-id=\\\"28b824cb-0da3-490a-b664-063b9a2f650e\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d6c76e14-f0c8-4493-b972-e0f83b895076\\\"\u003eBotulinum toxin\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"28b824cb-0da3-490a-b664-063b9a2f650e\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/botulism\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Botulism \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, or botulinum neurotoxin, refers to any of 8 known types of neurotoxins produced by the bacterium \u003ci \u003eClostridium botulinum\u003c/i\u003e. (Only 5 of these types affect humans.) \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/botulism#v39247233\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Foodborne botulism\\\" data-id=\\\"7c03fde8-a6b6-4f15-a190-a0328b317d09\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d6c76e14-f0c8-4493-b972-e0f83b895076\\\"\u003eFood-borne botulism\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"7c03fde8-a6b6-4f15-a190-a0328b317d09\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/botulism#v39247233\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Foodborne botulism \u003c/span\u003e Botulism is a rare, life-threatening poisoning caused by toxins produced by the anaerobic bacteria \u003ci\u003eClostridium botulinum\u003c/i\u003e. Botulism toxins, usually consumed in food, can weaken or paralyze... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/botulism#v39247245\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Wound botulism\\\" data-id=\\\"9eb4ee3a-777a-4a98-945d-eefc762647eb\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d6c76e14-f0c8-4493-b972-e0f83b895076\\\"\u003ewound botulism\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"9eb4ee3a-777a-4a98-945d-eefc762647eb\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/botulism#v39247245\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Wound botulism \u003c/span\u003e Botulism is a rare, life-threatening poisoning caused by toxins produced by the anaerobic bacteria \u003ci\u003eClostridium botulinum\u003c/i\u003e. Botulism toxins, usually consumed in food, can weaken or paralyze... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/infant-botulism\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Infant Botulism\\\" data-id=\\\"592c2d3c-48b3-40c0-8c3d-e21862ce0ee9\\\" data-itemid=\\\"73d48403-47ea-40e5-bd0a-2d74dfd815a1\\\"\u003einfant botulism\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"592c2d3c-48b3-40c0-8c3d-e21862ce0ee9\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/infections/bacterial-infections-anaerobic-bacteria/infant-botulism\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Infant Botulism \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e are described elsewhere. Mass casualties from botulinum neurotoxin could occur from widespread contamination of food or water or from inhalation of an aerosol form. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Ricin and Abrin\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8975009\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8975013\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRicin comes from beans of the castor plant, and abrin comes from jequirity, or rosary pea (see \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/plant-and-shrub-poisoning#v28489087\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Castor and jequirity beans\\\" data-id=\\\"d6523c0b-3fe3-427d-9ef6-e410c9d8936e\\\" data-itemid=\\\"91b069b1-9347-4113-8fa6-805bc513f0f5\\\"\u003ePlant and Shrub Poisoning: Castor and jequirity beans\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"d6523c0b-3fe3-427d-9ef6-e410c9d8936e\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/poisoning/plant-and-shrub-poisoning#v28489087\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Castor and jequirity beans \u003c/span\u003e Only a few commonly grown plants are very poisonous, but many others have less serious toxic effects. Generally, poisoning is unlikely unless a plant is highly toxic or large quantities are... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e). Although ricin has been injected in assassination attempts, mass casualties would probably involve inhalation of an aerosol form of the toxin. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8975015\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8975018\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eStaphylococcal enterotoxin B is one of 7 enterotoxins (toxins acting in the intestine) produced by the bacteria called \u003ci \u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/i\u003e. \u003ca href=\\\"/home/digestive-disorders/gastroenteritis/staphylococcal-food-poisoning\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Staphylococcal Food Poisoning\\\" data-id=\\\"cd707919-7b03-44ae-8a1f-587a1a0176ff\\\" data-itemid=\\\"93180a86-3a2a-4e94-a4dc-ea695c1f2847\\\"\u003eStaphylococcal enterotoxin B\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"cd707919-7b03-44ae-8a1f-587a1a0176ff\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/digestive-disorders/gastroenteritis/staphylococcal-food-poisoning\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Staphylococcal Food Poisoning \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/s/t/a/staphylococci_microscope_specimen_high.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Staphylococcal Food Poisoning\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e is responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning when ingested. Mass casualties could result from deliberate contamination of food but also from inhalation of an aerosol form of the toxin. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"\"Toxin\" is often loosely used to refer to any poison but technically refers only to a poisonous chemical produced by an organism (although some toxins can now also be produced synthetically)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"12"}},{"id":"69265348006D468D8A67C27953FC238A","TopicName":{"value":"Biological Weapons"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/biological-weapons"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Recognition\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8975114\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8975116\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDistinguishing the use of a biological weapon from a natural outbreak of disease may be difficult for doctors. Clues to a deliberate rather than a natural origin of a disease outbreak include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Response\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8975150\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8975152\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBecause of the relatively long incubation periods of diseases caused by biological weapons, people will likely be treated in a hospital. People are given vaccines, antibiotics, or antiviral medications depending on the specific infectious organism involved. Sometimes people who have been in contact with the affected people are given preventive treatment. For many biological weapons, there is no specific treatment or vaccine.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43459629\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v51697997\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Biological warfare is the use of microbiological agents as weapons. Such use is contrary to international law and has rarely taken place during formal warfare in modern history, despite the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"832F18A9E6794A56A34F2570D1C74ACA","TopicName":{"value":"Radiological Weapons"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/radiological-weapons"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Radiation exposure is discussed in detail elsewhere. Mass casualties due to radiation can result from the detonation of a nuclear device. A nuclear detonation not only creates a large burst..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"11"}},{"id":"1F76751DA41247C596A0F4A14B4A6699","TopicName":{"value":"Explosives and Blast Injuries"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/injuries-and-poisoning/mass-casualty-weapons/explosives-and-blast-injuries"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8975312\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8975314\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who have sustained blast injury to the lungs may have shortness of breath, cough (including coughing up blood), chest pain, rapid breathing, and wheezing. People with an abdominal blast injury may have abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, blood in their vomit, rectal pain, and testicular pain. Other blast injuries include blindness, deafness, spinal cord injury, or pain while walking. Some people may appear to have suffered a stroke or heart attack.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8975316\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36811316\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eEvaluation for multiple trauma (using imaging studies and electrocardiography)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8975330\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v36811319\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOxygen and IV fluids\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"In mass-casualty incidents involving explosions, 3 concentric zones are identified: Blast epicenter Secondary perimeter Blast periphery In a blast epicenter (kill zone), most people are dead..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"10"}}]}}]}}}},"FinalResultforStandalone":{"finalResult":{"urls":[{"language":"en","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning"},{"language":"sw","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/sw/home/injuries-and-poisoning"},{"language":"hi","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/hi/home/injuries-and-poisoning"},{"language":"zh","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.cn/home/injuries-and-poisoning"},{"language":"en-PR","url":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning"},{"language":"en-US","url":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning"},{"language":"fr","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/fr/accueil/lésions-et-intoxications"},{"language":"de","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/de/heim/verletzungen-und-vergiftung"},{"language":"it","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/it/casa/lesioni-e-avvelenamento"},{"language":"ko","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/ko/home/부상-및-중독"},{"language":"pt","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/pt/casa/lesões-e-envenenamentos"},{"language":"ru","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/ru/home/травмы-и-отравления"},{"language":"es","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/es/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos"},{"language":"ar","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/ar/home/الإصابات-والتَّسمُّم"},{"language":"en-CA","url":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/home/injuries-and-poisoning"},{"language":"fr-CA","url":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/fr-ca/accueil/lésions-et-intoxications"},{"language":"ja-JP","url":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/ja-jp/home/25-外傷と中毒"},{"language":"es-PR","url":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos"},{"language":"es-US","url":"https://www.merckmanuals.com/es-us/hogar/traumatismos-y-envenenamientos"}],"canonicalUrl":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning","xdefault":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning"},"XDefault":"https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning"}}}},"__N_SSG":true},"page":"/[site]/[section]","query":{"site":"home","section":"injuries-and-poisoning"},"buildId":"0VPv3WN8h5c7DScvUUIWt","assetPrefix":"/home","isFallback":false,"gsp":true,"locale":"en","locales":["en","en-us","de","es","fr","ar","ko","it","pt","ru","zh","en-ca","es-us","fr-ca","hi","ja-jp","sw"],"defaultLocale":"en","domainLocales":[{"domain":"use-p-sc-nextc.merckmanuals.com","defaultLocale":"en-us","http":false},{"domain":"use-p-sc-nextc.msdmanuals.com","defaultLocale":"en","http":false}],"scriptLoader":[]}</script></body></html>