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As such, it is highly personal. What one person views as quality of life could vary widely with another person's. For many people, quality of life often revolves around health and health care options, so when people and their doctors are making decisions about medical issues. they should consider the effect quality of life. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"786DDF6737A1497482077A91D4604B98","TopicName":{"value":"Quality of Life in Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/aging-and-quality-of-life/quality-of-life-in-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Health-Related Quality of Life\",\"UniqueID\":\"v42968912\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v42968914\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHow health affects quality of life depends on the person. Factors that contribute to better health-related quality of life include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Communicating with Health Care Professionals\",\"UniqueID\":\"v42968932\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v42968934\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople should talk to their doctors and other health care professionals about their quality of life and the effect of their health issues on their life. People and health care professionals should work together to determine \u003ca href=\\\"/home/special-subjects/clinical-research-and-medical-decision-making/overview-of-medical-decision-making\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Medical Decision Making\\\" data-id=\\\"6a57a41d-795d-419d-8e4c-8b6b6ad65bf8\\\" data-itemid=\\\"dec27d9a-f6b2-40e7-b44a-b9be15061996\\\"\u003ehealth care goals\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"6a57a41d-795d-419d-8e4c-8b6b6ad65bf8\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/special-subjects/clinical-research-and-medical-decision-making/overview-of-medical-decision-making\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Medical Decision Making \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Even people with mild dementia or cognitive impairment can make their goals and preferences known when health care professionals use simple explanations and questions. Having family members present when discussing the goals of a person with cognitive impairment may be helpful.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Quality of life is often defined as the degree to which a person is healthy, comfortable, and able to participate in or enjoy special occasions and activities. As such, it is highly personal..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"9A9B247B53D4426DB8067B4ABB768904","TopicName":{"value":"Therapeutic Objectives in Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/aging-and-quality-of-life/therapeutic-objectives-in-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Medical interventions (such as medical testing and treatments) almost always carry some risks. These risks could affect quality of life. People and health care professionals should weigh the..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}}]}},{"id":"ABDFC4F8A37940738F54195F112EAED6","ChapterName":{"value":"Gait Disorders in Older Adults"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/gait-disorders-in-older-adults"},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v45103915\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eGait disorders are abnormalities in how people walk, such as losing speed, smoothness, symmetry, or balance.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"21A4F52BD08D4460BE42A7DEDF4D0641","TopicName":{"value":"Gait Disorders in Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/gait-disorders-in-older-adults/gait-disorders-in-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Normal Age-Related Changes in Gait\",\"UniqueID\":\"v42709687\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45103918\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSome elements of gait normally change as people get older; others do not.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Abnormal Changes in Gait\",\"UniqueID\":\"v42709689\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45103925\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA number of disorders can contribute to a dysfunctional or unsafe gait. Common causes are\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Evaluation of Gait\",\"UniqueID\":\"v42709691\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45103949\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctors try to determine as many potential contributing factors to gait disorders as possible by\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v42709693\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45103967\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA gait disorder does not always need to be treated or modified. A slow, abnormal gait may help an older person walk safely and without assistance. However, doctors may offer to treat a person's gait to help improve quality of life. Treatments include \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Exercise in Older Adults\\\" data-id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" data-itemid=\\\"40cab6d0-ea07-429e-9d72-e95cad5e9896\\\"\u003eexercise\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Exercise in Older Adults \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, balance training, and assistive devices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Strength training\",\"UniqueID\":\"v86115945\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45103967\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA gait disorder does not always need to be treated or modified. A slow, abnormal gait may help an older person walk safely and without assistance. However, doctors may offer to treat a person's gait to help improve quality of life. Treatments include \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Exercise in Older Adults\\\" data-id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" data-itemid=\\\"40cab6d0-ea07-429e-9d72-e95cad5e9896\\\"\u003eexercise\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Exercise in Older Adults \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, balance training, and assistive devices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Nordic walking\",\"UniqueID\":\"v86115952\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45103967\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA gait disorder does not always need to be treated or modified. A slow, abnormal gait may help an older person walk safely and without assistance. However, doctors may offer to treat a person's gait to help improve quality of life. Treatments include \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Exercise in Older Adults\\\" data-id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" data-itemid=\\\"40cab6d0-ea07-429e-9d72-e95cad5e9896\\\"\u003eexercise\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Exercise in Older Adults \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, balance training, and assistive devices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Balance training\",\"UniqueID\":\"v86115955\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45103967\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA gait disorder does not always need to be treated or modified. A slow, abnormal gait may help an older person walk safely and without assistance. However, doctors may offer to treat a person's gait to help improve quality of life. Treatments include \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Exercise in Older Adults\\\" data-id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" data-itemid=\\\"40cab6d0-ea07-429e-9d72-e95cad5e9896\\\"\u003eexercise\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Exercise in Older Adults \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, balance training, and assistive devices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Assistive devices\",\"UniqueID\":\"v86115960\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45103967\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA gait disorder does not always need to be treated or modified. A slow, abnormal gait may help an older person walk safely and without assistance. However, doctors may offer to treat a person's gait to help improve quality of life. Treatments include \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Exercise in Older Adults\\\" data-id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" data-itemid=\\\"40cab6d0-ea07-429e-9d72-e95cad5e9896\\\"\u003eexercise\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"7a27445f-64be-4d2c-9e0d-7be2866244b1\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/exercise-and-fitness/exercise-in-older-adults\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Exercise in Older Adults \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, balance training, and assistive devices.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"G_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v42709695\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v45103963\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePhysical activity, done at recommended levels, help older people maintain mobility, even in people with disease. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Gait disorders are abnormalities in how people walk, such as losing speed, smoothness, symmetry, or balance. Walking, standing up from a chair, turning, and leaning are important for being able..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"70C4A2C7717C441C872F69AE6F267E28","ChapterName":{"value":"Providing Care to Older Adults"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults"},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v835904\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMedical care for older adults can be complicated. People often have many different health care professionals at different locations. Travel and transportation issues become more difficult as people age. The medications that are covered by the Medicare prescription drug plan vary between insurance companies and change frequently. Assistance by a team of health care professionals under the leadership of a primary care physician or a doctor who specializes in the care of older adults (geriatrician) is the best way to deal with these complexities. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"2E4AC6D007614A6BB5F87D0ED632590B","TopicName":{"value":"Community-Based Adult Day Services"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/community-based-adult-day-services"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Financial issues\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11578318\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v11578320\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMedicare does not cover day care services. Funds usually come from the Older Americans Act (which funds services to help keep older adults functional and independent), Medicaid waiver programs, long-term care insurance, and/or private funds.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Day care for older adults may involve Treating a problem Maintaining the person's condition Providing social activities or mental health care (such as group therapy) People can go to day care..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"73E3742C5F4B454CACF44D3780962CE7","TopicName":{"value":"Respite Care"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/respite-care"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v49396729\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v49396731\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Respite care involves providing temporary care for an older person so that the regular caregiver can have a break. In the United States, over half of states have respite programs. Programs may..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"984FF9496FC7436AB508ECA1A4533F39","TopicName":{"value":"Continuity of Care for Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/continuity-of-care-for-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Challenges to Continuity of care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835906\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835908\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eContinuity of care is a particular concern for older adults. Older adults are particularly likely to have several doctors and other health care professionals (each specializing in one organ system or problem) and thus to move from one care setting to another (called transition of care). They may receive care in several private medical offices, in a hospital, in a rehabilitation facility, and/or in a long-term facility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Many doctors and other health care professionals\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835909\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835908\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eContinuity of care is a particular concern for older adults. Older adults are particularly likely to have several doctors and other health care professionals (each specializing in one organ system or problem) and thus to move from one care setting to another (called transition of care). They may receive care in several private medical offices, in a hospital, in a rehabilitation facility, and/or in a long-term facility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Many settings\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835923\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835908\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eContinuity of care is a particular concern for older adults. Older adults are particularly likely to have several doctors and other health care professionals (each specializing in one organ system or problem) and thus to move from one care setting to another (called transition of care). They may receive care in several private medical offices, in a hospital, in a rehabilitation facility, and/or in a long-term facility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Many rules\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835927\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835908\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eContinuity of care is a particular concern for older adults. Older adults are particularly likely to have several doctors and other health care professionals (each specializing in one organ system or problem) and thus to move from one care setting to another (called transition of care). They may receive care in several private medical offices, in a hospital, in a rehabilitation facility, and/or in a long-term facility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Lack of access to care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835930\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835908\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eContinuity of care is a particular concern for older adults. Older adults are particularly likely to have several doctors and other health care professionals (each specializing in one organ system or problem) and thus to move from one care setting to another (called transition of care). They may receive care in several private medical offices, in a hospital, in a rehabilitation facility, and/or in a long-term facility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Other problems\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11578019\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835908\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eContinuity of care is a particular concern for older adults. Older adults are particularly likely to have several doctors and other health care professionals (each specializing in one organ system or problem) and thus to move from one care setting to another (called transition of care). They may receive care in several private medical offices, in a hospital, in a rehabilitation facility, and/or in a long-term facility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Strategies to Improve Continuity of care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835933\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835935\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImproving continuity of care requires efforts by the health care system, by the people receiving care, and by family members.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"E_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Health Care System\",\"UniqueID\":\"v872385\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835935\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImproving continuity of care requires efforts by the health care system, by the people receiving care, and by family members.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Interdisciplinary care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v872412\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835935\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImproving continuity of care requires efforts by the health care system, by the people receiving care, and by family members.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Geriatric care managers\",\"UniqueID\":\"v872426\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835935\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImproving continuity of care requires efforts by the health care system, by the people receiving care, and by family members.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Electronic medical (health) records (EMRs)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11578027\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835935\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImproving continuity of care requires efforts by the health care system, by the people receiving care, and by family members.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"People Receiving Care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v872430\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835935\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eImproving continuity of care requires efforts by the health care system, by the people receiving care, and by family members.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Medical care for older adults can be complicated. People often have many different health care professionals at different locations. Travel and transportation issues become more difficult as..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"A8A4D0A34A4349028A3D9EA4547B577C","TopicName":{"value":"Care Providers for Older Adults: Health Care Professionals"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/care-providers-for-older-adults-health-care-professionals"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Doctors\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835975\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835977\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOlder adults may see many different kinds of doctors: family practice doctors, general internists, specialists in such areas as heart disorders (cardiologists) or cancer (oncologists), and surgeons. Sometimes general internists and different specialists work together in a group practice. A group practice makes referrals and communication among doctors easier, and people often do not need to travel to many different locations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Nurses\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835989\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835991\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eNurses may work in a doctor’s office, hospital, rehabilitation facility, long-term care facility, or senior center, or they may provide care in a person’s home. Nurses may help coordinate care by communicating information to the different health care professionals involved, the person, and family members. Also, they are often more readily available for questions that older adults may have about their disorders or treatment. Nurses may teach older adults about measures to help maintain good health, such as diet, safety, stress management, sleep, and exercise. Other duties include checking vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, and temperature), taking samples of blood, giving treatments, and teaching people how to care for themselves. Nurses may ask questions about the person's health (for the medical history) and home situation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Nurse practitioners (NPs)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835993\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835995\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eNPs are registered nurses who receive additional training in diagnosis and treatment. Thus, NPs have more responsibilities than RNs. They can write prescriptions and order tests. Some NPs, called adult-gerontological nurse practitioners, are specially trained to care for older adults. Family nurse practitioners also receive training in the care of older adults but not with as much emphasis as adult-gerontological nurse practitioners.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Physician assistants (PAs)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v835996\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v835998\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePAs have some of the same functions as doctors and nurse practitioners but always under a doctor's supervision. Their functions include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Pharmacists\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836015\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836018\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn addition to dispensing drugs, pharmacists evaluate prescriptions to make sure that appropriate medications are being used. Pharmacists can check to make sure that older adults are not taking medications that pose special risks for them (see table \u003cspan class=\\\"multimedia__link mlinkBlock\\\" data-bind=\\\"component: { name: 'm-link-text', params: $data }\\\" data-popup-model='{\\\"ItemId\\\":\\\"6f011d57-a4dd-45c9-bf50-c974bb8db1d6\\\",\\\"Title\\\":\\\"Some%20Drugs%20Particularly%20Likely%20to%20Cause%20Problems%20in%20Older%20People\\\",\\\"ShareUrlTitle\\\":\\\"some-drugs-particularly-likely-to-cause-problems-in-older-people\\\",\\\"Description\\\":\\\"\\\",\\\"ImageUrl\\\":null,\\\"ThumbnailUrl\\\":\\\"/Base/table/icon_table_red.png?h=600\\\\u0026w=600\\\",\\\"MediaType\\\":\\\"table\\\",\\\"MediaNameTranslated\\\":\\\"Table\\\",\\\"UniqueId\\\":\\\"v55362651\\\",\\\"Placement\\\":null,\\\"IsInCarousel\\\":false,\\\"Edition\\\":0,\\\"ImageWidth\\\":null,\\\"ImageHeight\\\":null,\\\"IframeSrc\\\":null,\\\"Target\\\":null,\\\"Alt\\\":null}' data-popup-options='{\\\"ListName\\\":\\\"TopicMultimedia\\\",\\\"LinkText\\\":\\\"%3Cspan%20%3ESome%20Medications%20Particularly%20Likely%20to%20Cause%20Problems%20in%20Older%20People%3C%2Fspan%3E\\\",\\\"CssClass\\\":null,\\\"LoadLocations\\\":true,\\\"ShowTooltip\\\":true,\\\"SingleItem\\\":true,\\\"ExcludeFromBrand\\\":\\\"\\\",\\\"ShowCredits\\\":true,\\\"ShowDescription\\\":true,\\\"PopupTitle\\\":\\\"Table\\\",\\\"ShowTitle\\\":true,\\\"ShowIcon\\\":false,\\\"ShowModalIndicator\\\":false,\\\"ShowTitleInHeader\\\":false,\\\"HideCarousel\\\":false,\\\"Target\\\":\\\"modal\\\",\\\"Url\\\":null,\\\"HideMainArrows\\\":false}' \u003e\u003c/span\u003e). Pharmacists also make sure that instructions are clear and include information about how much and how often a medication is to be used. They keep track of a person's prescriptions and refills. In this way, they can check for interactions between medications. They also provide other health care professionals with information about how to use medications appropriately in older adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Dietitians\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836020\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836022\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDietitians assess how well nutritional needs are being met. When needs are not being met, dietitians provide specific recommendations about which foods to choose and how to prepare foods. A substantial number of older adults, particularly those in nursing homes, are undernourished. Many older adults can benefit from the assistance of a dietitian.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Therapists\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836023\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836025\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDifferent types of therapists may be needed, depending on the disorders and problems a person has.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Social workers\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836030\",\"Index\":8.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836033\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSocial workers help coordinate discharges from hospitals and transfers between facilities. They may help people fill out insurance and other forms. They help people identify services that can be provided in the home and community and often help arrange for these services. They also evaluate how people are responding to the care and services obtained.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Nurses’ aides\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836036\",\"Index\":9.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836038\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eNurses’ aides care for people in hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, nursing homes, assisted-living communities, or other medical facilities under the direction of nurses. They are generally trained to do some simple assessments of health such as measuring temperature and taking pulses and blood pressures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Home health aides\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836040\",\"Index\":10.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836043\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHome health aides tend to provide homemaking-related services such as preparing meals, helping with laundry, and doing light housework. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Medical ethicists\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836044\",\"Index\":11.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836046\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMedical ethicists help resolve conflicts about moral issues that come up during health care. For example, health care professionals and family members may disagree about whether a treatment that appears to be ineffective should be stopped. Medical ethicists may be doctors, other health care professionals, lawyers, or other people who have been specially trained in medical ethics. Some hospitals have a medical ethicist or a team of medical ethicists on staff.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Older people often need to see several types of health care professionals whose skills match their needs. This type of care is called interdisciplinary care. Understanding the areas of expertise..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"E4B452E279A74BA9903CEE4E8C1E6DF6","TopicName":{"value":"Care Providers for Older Adults: Family and Friends"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/care-providers-for-older-adults-family-and-friends"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Rewards and Challenges\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836082\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836084\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/family-caregiving-for-older-adults#v8946105\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Stresses of caregiving\\\" data-id=\\\"4581682d-b4e6-47c5-b31c-c057bc39757e\\\" data-itemid=\\\"a38f905e-39e9-4e54-9002-841e065d3f11\\\"\u003eCaregiving for a family member\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"4581682d-b4e6-47c5-b31c-c057bc39757e\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/family-caregiving-for-older-adults#v8946105\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Stresses of caregiving \u003c/span\u003e Family caregivers play a key role in caring for chronically ill older adults. Although neighbors and friends may help, almost 90% of help in the home (physical, emotional, social, and economic)... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e can be very rewarding, even when it is hard work and causes stress. Many people choose to care for a spouse, partner, or parent out of love and respect. They find new meaning in their own life by making a difference in another person's life, even if their efforts are not always appreciated. However, no one can ever be fully prepared for the challenges of caregiving.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Long-Distance Caregiving\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836145\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836147\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn a modern, mobile society, family members sometimes live hundreds or even thousands of miles apart. Such distances complicate efforts to ensure that older family members receive the care that they need. Long-distance caregivers—usually adult children—have many challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v38405844\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v49396701\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Some older adults have family members, friends, or neighbors who are willing and able to provide help and care. Such people may be called caregivers. Occasionally, members of religious or other..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"53B71580143C4BB3A2312CF511F9C3B9","TopicName":{"value":"Settings for Care for Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/settings-for-care-for-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Health care professional's office\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836173\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836175\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost older adults receive medical care in their \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/making-the-most-of-health-care/the-primary-care-practitioner\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"The Primary Care Practitioner\\\" data-id=\\\"a7dec1b2-1a56-4b61-9f68-4edefe7a0677\\\" data-itemid=\\\"778241f5-3776-4a25-9885-5362c807775b\\\"\u003eprimary care doctor's office\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"a7dec1b2-1a56-4b61-9f68-4edefe7a0677\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/making-the-most-of-health-care/the-primary-care-practitioner\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e The Primary Care Practitioner \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. The office may be in a medical office building, a clinic, a hospital, or elsewhere. Diagnostic tests, such as blood tests or x-rays, are often done in a doctor’s office. Some doctors' offices offer treatments, such as physical therapy.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Hospitals\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836176\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836179\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/special-subjects/hospital-care\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" data-id=\\\"431780b4-ce8b-49dd-a575-11fc9f74db9e\\\" data-itemid=\\\"c3895f92-8c25-4a9a-8126-4cf1d497b2a8\\\"\u003eHospitals\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"431780b4-ce8b-49dd-a575-11fc9f74db9e\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/special-subjects/hospital-care\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hospital Care \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e provide the most comprehensive medical care. For older adults in particular, staying in a hospital increases the \u003ca href=\\\"/home/special-subjects/hospital-care/problems-due-to-hospitalization\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Problems Due to Hospitalization\\\" data-id=\\\"577eab4c-24ff-4b78-ad47-3227e3a3dba1\\\" data-itemid=\\\"f367ad45-afc4-414d-a9fb-a31b77413976\\\"\u003erisk of problems\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"577eab4c-24ff-4b78-ad47-3227e3a3dba1\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/special-subjects/hospital-care/problems-due-to-hospitalization\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Problems Due to Hospitalization \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e such as infections, pressure sores, confusion, and incontinence. Because of these risks, older adults should be hospitalized only if they are very ill. Older adults may enter the hospital through the emergency department or be scheduled for admission by a doctor.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Surgical centers\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836193\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836195\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSurgical centers are places where same-day surgery or other procedures may be done. Such procedures include those that typically require anesthesia, that are too complicated to be done in a doctor’s office, but that do not require an overnight stay in a hospital. Common examples are endoscopy, colonoscopy, and removal of cataracts. Surgical centers may be located in a hospital or be a separate, free-standing facility.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Rehabilitation facilities\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836197\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836199\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAfter discharge from the hospital, people with a severe disability may need to continue their recovery in a \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/rehabilitation\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" data-id=\\\"9be09edd-c824-4883-87c4-9693c13af310\\\" data-itemid=\\\"66d8c987-2634-492f-8a4b-c8e4be0b1404\\\"\u003erehabilitation facility\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"9be09edd-c824-4883-87c4-9693c13af310\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/rehabilitation\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Rehabilitation \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. A rehabilitation facility may be located in a hospital or a nursing home or be a separate facility. These facilities provide skilled nursing care and physical, occupational, and speech therapies. Usually, people need to have been admitted to a hospital for 3 days to be eligible for Medicare to pay for the rehabilitation facility. A waiver of the 3-day hospital stay requirement is available in some cases, including with some Medicare Advantage plans.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Home health care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836217\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836220\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who are frail or who have recently been discharged from a hospital or rehabilitation facility often need care in their home. This care is often provided by family members and/or friends. But when such help is not available or when older adults need more help than family members and friends can provide, older adults may be eligible to receive home health care services from a \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/care-of-older-adults-in-the-home\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Care of Older Adults in the Home\\\" data-id=\\\"2cf6e77c-8eab-4773-bdc3-3c844b21e781\\\" data-itemid=\\\"5d88351f-014c-4d21-a427-80e390c113ee\\\"\u003ehome health care agency\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"2cf6e77c-8eab-4773-bdc3-3c844b21e781\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/care-of-older-adults-in-the-home\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Care of Older Adults in the Home \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/h/o/m/home_care_hospital_bed_manual_and_electric_high_blausen.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Care of Older Adults in the Home\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. These agencies send registered nurses, therapists, home health aides, and/or social workers depending on the person's needs and insurance coverage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Community services\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836222\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836224\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn the United States, one source of support services and health care in the community is a senior center. These centers provide social, recreational, and educational activities, and some serve meals—an important service for people who cannot prepare their own.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Post-acute and long-term care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11578105\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v38405895\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePost-acute care is care given immediately after hospital discharge for people who need more care than they can get at home but do not clearly need long-term care. Post-acute care facilities provide a variety of health services including skilled nursing care and physical and occupational rehabilitation to help people regain their strength and function. Most people ultimately return to their home. However, some do not recover all of their function and may require long-term care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Hospice care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836232\",\"Index\":8.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836235\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eWhen people have a progressive, incurable disorder and death is expected in the near future, \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/death-and-dying/hospice-care-and-palliative-care\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Hospice Care and Palliative Care\\\" data-id=\\\"99f21361-9c9f-4604-a95c-e067f6b98601\\\" data-itemid=\\\"bd3e955d-d81a-42d4-a334-270e0a357871\\\"\u003ehospice care\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"99f21361-9c9f-4604-a95c-e067f6b98601\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/death-and-dying/hospice-care-and-palliative-care\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Hospice Care and Palliative Care \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e provides the treatments and services needed to control symptoms, ease pain, and help people and their family members \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/death-and-dying\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" data-id=\\\"9d84fb12-8889-4209-ac49-e2291dd96767\\\" data-itemid=\\\"bda3e16e-88e3-446e-8666-c46ad4cffc4f\\\"\u003eprepare for the death\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"9d84fb12-8889-4209-ac49-e2291dd96767\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/fundamentals/death-and-dying\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Death and Dying \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. Hospice care may be provided in a \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v49396710\",\"Index\":9.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v49396712\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Health care for older adults may be provided in a variety of settings. Most older adults receive medical care in their primary care doctor's office. The office may be in a medical office building..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"5D88351F014C4D21A42780E390C113EE","TopicName":{"value":"Care of Older Adults in the Home"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/care-of-older-adults-in-the-home"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Financial issues\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11578281\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v11578283\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMedicare covers home health care services that are classified as skilled nursing care, including wound care and monitoring of disorders such as heart failure or diabetes. However, the amount of and time frame for such coverage is limited. When people no longer need skilled care, they are usually responsible for the costs of any further nursing care. Long-term care insurance or Medicaid (for people who qualify) may cover home care services. Veterans may also qualify for home care services depending on their needs and disability rating. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"PACE\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11578286\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v11578290\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe Programs for All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) is a benefit provided under Medicare and Medicaid. PACE is available only in certain areas of the United States to people who are 55 years old or older and who meet their state’s standards for requiring care in a nursing home. Services provided by the PACE program allow nearly all participants to live at home, although nursing home care is provided if needed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Other models of home health care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v73249435\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v73249437\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eSeveral health care models have been developed as a way for people to receive home-based health care. The goal is to provide a higher quality of care and management that keeps older adults out of hospitals and nursing homes and allow older adults to remain in their home and community. Overall, these models involve traditional at-home health services that have been expanded to include other services. Some of these are being tested in various parts of the United States and are known as demonstration projects.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v38405925\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v49396725\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Older adults may need care in their home when they are frail or weak, particularly after they have been discharged from the hospital or a rehabilitation facility. Simple care is usually provided..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"A2EDF8E2D4234567AA812D502A8D4451","TopicName":{"value":"Retirement Communities"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/retirement-communities"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Financial issues\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836960\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836962\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople may rent or purchase their residence in retirement communities, often in a condominium-type arrangement. Obtaining financing and conducting the sale or transfer of property are done as with any other private residence. When personal care services are needed, they are usually paid for with private funds or with long-term care insurance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Retirement communities are designed for people who can live independently but who need or want some help, mainly with caring for a home. Some older adults choose to move to a retirement community..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}},{"id":"CA632EA7D0904F52BD5F6471C0E94029","TopicName":{"value":"Assisted–Living Communities"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/assisted-living-communities"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Financial issues\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836984\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836986\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAssisted-living communities are usually less expensive than \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/nursing-homes\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Nursing Homes\\\" data-id=\\\"9e95d615-801c-4dcd-94d1-e66fbdd78245\\\" data-itemid=\\\"fd5c3721-2af6-4f02-9ea3-fc831e0b5b26\\\"\u003enursing homes\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"9e95d615-801c-4dcd-94d1-e66fbdd78245\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/nursing-homes\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Nursing Homes \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e because they provide less care. However, they can still be expensive. Although Medicare does not pay for assisted-living communities, Medicaid may provide some financial support in some states. Many long-term care insurance policies help pay for a significant part of assisted-living costs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Assisted-living communities are designed for people who need some help with daily activities (for example, with bathing, dressing, or taking their medications as prescribed). These communities..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"}},{"id":"CB57C2017C3F4A0B8CB609B9647FFCF9","TopicName":{"value":"Board-and-Care Facilities"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/board-and-care-facilities"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Financial issues\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836997\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836999\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTypically, the cost of board-and-care facilities is modest when compared with other assisted-living options or nursing homes. However, the cost varies widely, from several hundred dollars a month to several thousand, and is typically paid for with private funds. However, many states are developing programs to provide financial support for this type of care if it is a better way to meet the person's needs and preferences than nursing home care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Typically, board-and-care facilities are similar to assisted-living communities. They are for people who need some help, particularly with personal care. Board-and-care facilities, sometimes..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"9"}},{"id":"9D3FDF12A50E45A5AF833B28958DFFDA","TopicName":{"value":"Life-Care Communities"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/life-care-communities"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Financial issues\",\"UniqueID\":\"v837009\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v837011\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany life-care communities are expensive. Some require a large deposit as well as monthly payments and fees for additional services. Sometimes there is an upper limit (cap) for monthly payments and fees. But in many communities, costs increase when the level of services needed increases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Life-care communities are for older adults who want to move only once, to a place that will provide as much care as they need for the rest of their life. These communities guarantee that residents..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"10"}},{"id":"FD5C37212AF64F029EA3FC831E0B5B26","TopicName":{"value":"Nursing Homes"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/nursing-homes"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Supervision of care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11578356\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v11578358\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eEach nursing home also has a medical director, a doctor who oversees the medical care. In some nursing homes, the medical director is the only doctor who provides medical care. But in most nursing homes, several doctors, often working with nurse practitioners or physician assistants, provide care. Sometimes a doctor who has been taking care of the person before the move, perhaps their family doctor, continues to provide care. Otherwise, the person chooses or is assigned a doctor. According to federal regulations, a doctor, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant must see every nursing home resident at least once every other month. Many residents see a health care professional more often because they need treatment for chronic disorders or they develop additional disorders, such as infections or confusion. Some state regulations may require more frequent visits. Also, nurses may call a doctor to discuss problems and changes in treatments. However, these discussions do not count as a visit.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Types of care and services\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11578359\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v11578361\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany nursing homes provide services previously thought to occur only in hospitals such as continuous administration of oxygen and fluids or medications given by vein (intravenous therapies).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Selection\",\"UniqueID\":\"v11578380\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v11578382\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eEven though nursing homes are monitored and regulated by government, they vary considerably in quality, personality, and cost. So people or family members who are interested in a nursing home should try to get as much information as possible. They can ask the administrator of the nursing home to see the state’s evaluation of the home. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Financial issues\",\"UniqueID\":\"v837042\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v837044\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn the United States, Medicaid, Medicare, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) pay for most nursing home care. Medicare pays for rehabilitative care for a short time in certified nursing homes if skilled care is needed daily after a hospital stay lasting 3 days or more. People are eligible for up to 100 days of Medicare coverage as long as they show continued improvement. Medicare pays all costs for 20 days, then requires a co-payment for the remaining 80 days. After 100 days, payment is either with private funds or, if the person is qualified, through Medicaid.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v49396742\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v49396744\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Nursing homes are for people who need help with health care for chronic conditions but do not need to be hospitalized. The decision to move to a nursing home may be triggered by a change in..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"11"}}]}},{"id":"C776E7DC14434A7FA3E01076734017B2","ChapterName":{"value":"Social Issues Affecting Older Adults"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults"},"SortIndex":{"value":"8"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v836259\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAs people age, the ability to do daily activities (functional ability) declines to some degree in every person. Also, older adults, on average, tend to have more disorders and disabilities than do younger people. But the changes that accompany aging are more than just changes in health. Social issues (such as living arrangements and type of daily activities) influence an older adult's risk for and experience of illness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"1CD9A9A437C6458E94DF5EDE737FBA30","TopicName":{"value":"Introduction to Social Issues Affecting Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/introduction-to-social-issues-affecting-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"As people age, the ability to do daily activities (functional ability) declines to some degree in every person. Also, older adults, on average, tend to have more disorders and disabilities than..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"C0FA582BD6EE48ADB796FD260196BEA1","TopicName":{"value":"Effects of Life Transitions on Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/effects-of-life-transitions-on-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Retirement\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79739331\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79739333\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRetirement is often the first major transition faced by older adults. Its effects on physical and mental health differ from person to person, depending on attitude toward and reason for retiring. About one- third of retirees have difficulty adjusting to certain aspects of retirement, such as reduced income and altered social role and entitlements. Some people choose to retire, having looked forward to quitting work. Others are forced to retire (for example, because of health problems or job loss). Appropriate preparation for retirement and counseling for retirees and families who experience difficulties may help. Many employers and community agencies offer retirement planning services.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Relocation\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79739335\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79739337\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eRelocation may occur several times during old age. For example, people may move to retirement housing with desirable amenities, to smaller quarters to reduce the burden of property upkeep, to a different community for better weather or to be close to family members, to a relative's home, or to a residential care facility. People who respond poorly to relocation are more likely to be living alone, socially isolated, poor, and/or depressed. Men often respond less well than women. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Bereavement, Depression, and Suicide Risk\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79739340\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79739342\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eBereavement affects many aspects of an older person's life. For example, social interaction and companionship decrease, and social status and financial circumstances may change. Older adults may experience a decline in their own health after the death of a close family member or friend. The death of a spouse affects men and women differently. In the 2 years after death of a wife, the mortality rate in men tends to increase, especially if the wife's death was unexpected. For women who lose a husband, data are less clear but generally do not indicate an increased mortality rate.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79739363\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79739365\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Late life is commonly a period of transitions (for example, retirement or relocation) and adjustment to losses. Retirement is often the first major transition faced by older adults. Its effects..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"5"}},{"id":"AA117C19B65343CB9DE462760C84E152","TopicName":{"value":"Intimacy and Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/intimacy-and-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Intimacy refers to a feeling of closeness shared between 2 people. It is based on knowledge of and familiarity with the other person. It includes emotional, social (based on shared experiences)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"}},{"id":"A38F905E39E94E549002841E065D3F11","TopicName":{"value":"Family Caregiving for Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/family-caregiving-for-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Stresses of caregiving\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8946104\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8946106\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAlthough caregiving can be very rewarding, it can also have negative effects. Family caregivers may experience considerable stress and subsequent health problems, isolation, fatigue, and frustration, sometimes leading to a sense of helplessness and exhaustion ( \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/care-providers-for-older-adults-family-and-friends#v836083\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Rewards and Challenges\\\" data-id=\\\"748c785a-d343-4405-ad2b-086339c87f78\\\" data-itemid=\\\"e4b452e2-79a7-4ba9-903c-ee4e8c1e6df6\\\"\u003ecaregiver burnout\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"748c785a-d343-4405-ad2b-086339c87f78\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/providing-care-to-older-adults/care-providers-for-older-adults-family-and-friends#v836083\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Rewards and Challenges \u003c/span\u003e Some older adults have family members, friends, or neighbors who are willing and able to provide help and care. Such people may be called caregivers. Occasionally, members of religious or other... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e) or \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/elder-abuse/overview-of-elder-abuse\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Elder Abuse\\\" data-id=\\\"3fee184d-ee41-4db5-b243-31ee8f591102\\\" data-itemid=\\\"8f067c0c-97d3-4ec0-b423-d8dd8a14450f\\\"\u003emistreatment of the older person\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"3fee184d-ee41-4db5-b243-31ee8f591102\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/elder-abuse/overview-of-elder-abuse\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Elder Abuse \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. The effect on the caregiver is likely to be greater when an older adult has a serious disorder and/or a severe disability and more care is required.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v52170432\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v52170434\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Family caregivers play a key role in caring for chronically ill older adults. Although neighbors and friends may help, almost 90% of help in the home (physical, emotional, social, and economic)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"1DA6839D6FE841CBA38A409A03A65F86","TopicName":{"value":"Older Adults Living Alone"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/older-adults-living-alone"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Staying connected\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8946139\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8946141\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eStudies have shown that older adults who lack social interaction (are socially isolated) tend to have more health problems than those who are not socially isolated. Older adults who live alone may need to make an effort to avoid social isolation. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43473915\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v52170448\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"In the United States as of 2023, nearly 30% of the almost 60 million older adults who live in the community (as opposed to an institution, such as a nursing home) live alone, and that percentage..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"F8F1C868F542424381D9D3EC35DDEE10","TopicName":{"value":"Self-Neglect in Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/self-neglect-in-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Self-neglect is inability or unwillingness of older adults to meet their basic needs. It can include ignoring personal hygiene, not paying bills, not maintaining cleanliness of the home, not..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"7C0EBC38CF304A7C9ADB5DDC8412CD5D","TopicName":{"value":"Alternative Living Arrangements for Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/alternative-living-arrangements-for-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Homosexual or transgender older adults\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43473923\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v43473925\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAbout 7.6% of the United States population are estimated to be lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT), including as many as 2.3% of people over age 65. One-third of LGBT older adults have limited financial resources, including 40% of LGBT adults over age 80 and 48% of those who identify as transgender.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v52170457\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v52170459\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Living arrangements and relationships that do not involve living with a spouse, with an adult child, or alone are fairly common among older adults. For example, a substantial proportion of older..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}},{"id":"AF617875005E43A09563642DE54E243B","TopicName":{"value":"Religion and Spirituality in Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults/religion-and-spirituality-in-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Benefits\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8946251\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8946253\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who are religious tend to have better physical and mental health than nonreligious people, and religious people may propose that God's intervention is the reason for these benefits. However, experts cannot determine whether participation in organized religion contributes to health or whether psychologically or physically healthier people are attracted to religious groups. If religion is helpful, the reason—whether it is the religious beliefs themselves or other factors—is not clear. Many such factors (for example, mental health benefits, encouragement of healthful practices, and social support) have been proposed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Mental health benefits\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8946254\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8946253\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who are religious tend to have better physical and mental health than nonreligious people, and religious people may propose that God's intervention is the reason for these benefits. However, experts cannot determine whether participation in organized religion contributes to health or whether psychologically or physically healthier people are attracted to religious groups. If religion is helpful, the reason—whether it is the religious beliefs themselves or other factors—is not clear. Many such factors (for example, mental health benefits, encouragement of healthful practices, and social support) have been proposed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Health-promoting practices\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8946266\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8946253\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who are religious tend to have better physical and mental health than nonreligious people, and religious people may propose that God's intervention is the reason for these benefits. However, experts cannot determine whether participation in organized religion contributes to health or whether psychologically or physically healthier people are attracted to religious groups. If religion is helpful, the reason—whether it is the religious beliefs themselves or other factors—is not clear. Many such factors (for example, mental health benefits, encouragement of healthful practices, and social support) have been proposed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Social benefits\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8946269\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8946253\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who are religious tend to have better physical and mental health than nonreligious people, and religious people may propose that God's intervention is the reason for these benefits. However, experts cannot determine whether participation in organized religion contributes to health or whether psychologically or physically healthier people are attracted to religious groups. If religion is helpful, the reason—whether it is the religious beliefs themselves or other factors—is not clear. Many such factors (for example, mental health benefits, encouragement of healthful practices, and social support) have been proposed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Caregivers\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8946272\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8946253\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople who are religious tend to have better physical and mental health than nonreligious people, and religious people may propose that God's intervention is the reason for these benefits. However, experts cannot determine whether participation in organized religion contributes to health or whether psychologically or physically healthier people are attracted to religious groups. If religion is helpful, the reason—whether it is the religious beliefs themselves or other factors—is not clear. Many such factors (for example, mental health benefits, encouragement of healthful practices, and social support) have been proposed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Harmful Effects\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8946275\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8946277\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eReligion is not always beneficial. Religious devotion may promote excessive guilt, narrow-mindedness, inflexibility, and anxiety. Religious preoccupations and delusions may develop in people with \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mental-health-disorders/obsessive-compulsive-and-related-disorders/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)\\\" data-id=\\\"51af2c18-01f8-45d3-be4e-3a3c86f55526\\\" data-itemid=\\\"6f471d8d-53dd-4496-b6e0-64b6eabaf9fb\\\"\u003eobsessive-compulsive disorder\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"51af2c18-01f8-45d3-be4e-3a3c86f55526\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mental-health-disorders/obsessive-compulsive-and-related-disorders/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mental-health-disorders/mood-disorders/bipolar-disorder\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Bipolar Disorder\\\" data-id=\\\"353e1eea-a52c-4a1a-a7a9-13e953c88608\\\" data-itemid=\\\"76986fc5-8bff-45b6-b482-99c74cbbe44b\\\"\u003ebipolar disorder\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"353e1eea-a52c-4a1a-a7a9-13e953c88608\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mental-health-disorders/mood-disorders/bipolar-disorder\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Bipolar Disorder \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mental-health-disorders/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders/schizophrenia\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Schizophrenia\\\" data-id=\\\"cf471915-818e-4c0a-977c-2a8d4eb40a37\\\" data-itemid=\\\"b362595d-82af-4a85-93d5-4e43c7792546\\\"\u003eschizophrenia\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"cf471915-818e-4c0a-977c-2a8d4eb40a37\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mental-health-disorders/schizophrenia-and-related-disorders/schizophrenia\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Schizophrenia \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, or psychoses. Some people experience intense feelings of rejection and existential crisis when they are not accepted by faith communities, for example, due to gender or sexual identity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Role of Health Care Professionals\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8946279\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8946282\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHealth care professionals may talk to older adults about their religious beliefs because these beliefs can affect the person's mental and physical health. Knowing about a person's religious beliefs can help a doctor provide better care under some circumstances:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v52170468\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v52170470\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resource may be useful. Please note that The Manual is not responsible for the content of this resource.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Religion and spirituality are similar but not identical concepts. Religion is often viewed as more institutionally based, more structured, and involving more traditional rituals and practices..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"7"}}]}},{"id":"B4CD11317E6C402BB96707EF29CE3F34","ChapterName":{"value":"The Older Driver"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/the-older-driver"},"SortIndex":{"value":"6"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v34553088\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDriving provides older people freedom, independence, and key social interactions with their community that many people take for granted in their youth. But the privilege of driving is based on the ability to safely operate a motor vehicle. Drivers aged 70 and over have an increased motor vehicle crash risk per miles driven in comparison to middle-aged drivers. Those that drive infrequently are at greatest risk. Thus, impaired function due to age-related disorders should be viewed as a flashing yellow traffic signal—a warning that driving privileges should be reassessed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"1987C1C3A4F146C9B23FFD48CB40AF27","TopicName":{"value":"The Older Driver"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/the-older-driver/the-older-driver"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Crash Rates and Traffic Violations\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836415\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836418\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOn average, older drivers have fewer actual crashes per year than do younger drivers. However, because they drive fewer miles than middle-age drivers, older drivers average more crashes per mile driven. Crash rates begin to increase after about age 70, and they increase more rapidly after age 80. For every mile driven, older drivers have higher rates of traffic violations, crashes, and fatalities than do all other age groups over age 25. It should be noted that older adults are driving farther distances than previous generations and are maintaining their driver's license longer, and these trends are expected to continue. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Reasons for Impaired Driving\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836431\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553102\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDriving involves the precise execution of simultaneous tasks (such as braking and steering). These tasks require several attributes, including the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Aging\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34553120\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553102\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDriving involves the precise execution of simultaneous tasks (such as braking and steering). These tasks require several attributes, including the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Medical conditions\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34553123\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553102\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDriving involves the precise execution of simultaneous tasks (such as braking and steering). These tasks require several attributes, including the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Therapeutic medications\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836462\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553102\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDriving involves the precise execution of simultaneous tasks (such as braking and steering). These tasks require several attributes, including the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Situations\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34553135\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553102\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDriving involves the precise execution of simultaneous tasks (such as braking and steering). These tasks require several attributes, including the following:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Ways of Compensating\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836491\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553141\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany drivers begin to self-regulate their driving as they age. For example, older drivers may eliminate long highway trips, drive less at night, avoid confusing intersections, and not engage in risky driving behaviors (for example, speeding, tailgating, and drinking and driving). There are many strategies older drivers can adopt to compensate for some age-related driving safety concerns. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Avoiding hazards\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836494\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553141\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany drivers begin to self-regulate their driving as they age. For example, older drivers may eliminate long highway trips, drive less at night, avoid confusing intersections, and not engage in risky driving behaviors (for example, speeding, tailgating, and drinking and driving). There are many strategies older drivers can adopt to compensate for some age-related driving safety concerns. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Avoiding distractions while driving\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836497\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553141\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany drivers begin to self-regulate their driving as they age. For example, older drivers may eliminate long highway trips, drive less at night, avoid confusing intersections, and not engage in risky driving behaviors (for example, speeding, tailgating, and drinking and driving). There are many strategies older drivers can adopt to compensate for some age-related driving safety concerns. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Using technology\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836500\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553141\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany drivers begin to self-regulate their driving as they age. For example, older drivers may eliminate long highway trips, drive less at night, avoid confusing intersections, and not engage in risky driving behaviors (for example, speeding, tailgating, and drinking and driving). There are many strategies older drivers can adopt to compensate for some age-related driving safety concerns. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Taking driver refresher courses\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836505\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553141\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany drivers begin to self-regulate their driving as they age. For example, older drivers may eliminate long highway trips, drive less at night, avoid confusing intersections, and not engage in risky driving behaviors (for example, speeding, tailgating, and drinking and driving). There are many strategies older drivers can adopt to compensate for some age-related driving safety concerns. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Seeking medical care\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836513\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553141\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany drivers begin to self-regulate their driving as they age. For example, older drivers may eliminate long highway trips, drive less at night, avoid confusing intersections, and not engage in risky driving behaviors (for example, speeding, tailgating, and drinking and driving). There are many strategies older drivers can adopt to compensate for some age-related driving safety concerns. \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"A Driving Decision\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836518\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34553154\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAt some point, most older drivers (especially those with significant medical impairment) face the decision of whether it is safe to continue to drive. A decline in the abilities required for safe driving may make driving dangerous. Not being able to drive may mean a loss of freedom and independence. It is very important to help an older adult who needs to stop driving find acceptable ways to get to important daily or weekly activities. Many of the same factors that raise concerns about driving safety can also affect an older adult’s ability to use public transportation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34908941\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v64012919\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following are some English-language resources that may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Driving provides older people freedom, independence, and key social interactions with their community that many people take for granted in their youth. But the privilege of driving is based..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"2C4E435607FA4889A09B351DC6DE6765","ChapterName":{"value":"Falls in Older Adults"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/falls-in-older-adults"},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v86115873\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eA fall is defined as unintentionally or accidentally dropping down to the ground or another lower level.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"FDB9956BF4434DD6B984D407490BE757","TopicName":{"value":"Falls in Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/falls-in-older-adults/falls-in-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Causes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836630\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v86115882\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMost falls occur when several factors interact. Factors include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"cause\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalCause\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Symptoms\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836662\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836664\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOften before falling, people have no symptoms. When an environmental hazard or a hazardous situation results in a fall, there is little or no warning. However, if a fall is partly or completely due to a person’s physical condition, symptoms may be noticed before falling. Symptoms may include\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"signOrSymptom\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalSignOrSymptom\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Diagnosis\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836669\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28287907\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eA doctor's evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Treatment\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836783\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v28287919\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTreatment of injuries from falls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Prevention\",\"UniqueID\":\"v836686\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v836690\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOlder adults can do many simple, practical things to help reduce the risk of falling.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"primaryPrevention\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v43074154\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v53049501\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"A fall is defined as unintentionally or accidentally dropping down to the ground or another lower level. Most falls occur when older adults with one or more physical conditions that impair mobility..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}}]}},{"id":"406C715EF70442B1B5CA16B84F833BBF","ChapterName":{"value":"Elder Abuse"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/elder-abuse"},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v837246\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eElder abuse refers to harm or the threat of harm to an older person by another person. \u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"8F067C0C97D34EC0B423D8DD8A14450F","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Elder Abuse"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/elder-abuse/overview-of-elder-abuse"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Risk Factors for Elder Abuse\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79739042\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79739044\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAny older person, regardless of health, can be abused. However, abuse is more likely when older people\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"When to Suspect Elder Abuse\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79739075\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79739077\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eDoctors, nurses, social workers, friends, and family members often do not recognize the \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/elder-abuse/overview-of-elder-abuse#v17743732\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"More Information\\\" data-id=\\\"3275d811-36dd-423c-b520-3bb156bac87e\\\" data-itemid=\\\"8f067c0c-97d3-4ec0-b423-d8dd8a14450f\\\"\u003esigns of abuse\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"3275d811-36dd-423c-b520-3bb156bac87e\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/elder-abuse/overview-of-elder-abuse#v17743732\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e More Information \u003c/span\u003e Elder abuse refers to harm or the threat of harm to an older person by another person. Older people can be abused by having harmful things done or said to them or by having necessary things... \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e TooltipReadMore \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e. The signs can be difficult to distinguish from other problems. For example, if an older person has a hip fracture, health care practitioners may be unable to distinguish whether the cause is physical abuse or osteoporosis, falls, or both (which are much more common causes). Also, if older people are confused, they may not have their complaints of abuse taken seriously, so the abuse goes unrecognized.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17743515\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v51494100\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Elder abuse refers to harm or the threat of harm to an older person by another person. Older people can be abused by having harmful things done or said to them or by having necessary things..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"93CBBAD15D084BC7915C0C464B38AC54","TopicName":{"value":"Preventing and Responding to Elder Abuse"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/elder-abuse/preventing-and-responding-to-elder-abuse"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"If Elder Abuse Is Confirmed\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79739127\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79739129\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAn interdisciplinary team (including doctors, nurses, social workers, lawyers, law enforcement officials, psychiatrists, and other practitioners) is the best option for providing successful care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v79739147\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v79739149\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Many older people who are abused do not seek help for various reasons. They may feel ashamed and be reluctant to tell others about the abuse. They may be unable to tell others because the perpetrator..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}}]}},{"id":"E6331105AA4644E1BC71CEED323F65C8","ChapterName":{"value":"The Aging Body"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/the-aging-body"},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v837900\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAging is a gradual, continuous process of natural change that begins in early adulthood. During early middle age, many bodily functions begin to gradually decline.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"54212BB67FEC4619A825ECF1590DA82A","TopicName":{"value":"Overview of Aging"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/the-aging-body/overview-of-aging"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Normal aging\",\"UniqueID\":\"v837911\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v837913\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003ePeople often wonder whether what they are experiencing as they age is normal or abnormal. Although people age somewhat differently, some changes result from internal processes, that is, from aging itself. Thus, such changes, although undesired, are considered normal and are sometimes called \\\"pure aging.\\\" These changes occur in everyone who lives long enough, and that universality is part of the definition of pure aging. The changes are to be expected and are generally unavoidable. For example, as people age, the lens of the eye thickens, stiffens, and becomes less able to focus on close objects, such as reading materials (a disorder called \u003ca href=\\\"/home/eye-disorders/refractive-disorders/overview-of-refractive-disorders#v797527\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Causes\\\" data-id=\\\"27dfe64e-3fa1-4e90-be33-4bb98e73422b\\\" data-itemid=\\\"010694de-d1fa-4ae1-9cb9-942fe998f50d\\\"\u003epresbyopia\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"27dfe64e-3fa1-4e90-be33-4bb98e73422b\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/eye-disorders/refractive-disorders/overview-of-refractive-disorders#v797527\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Causes \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/p/r/e/presbyopia_high_blausen.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Causes\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e). This change occurs in virtually all older adults. Thus, presbyopia is considered normal aging. Other terms used to describe these changes are \\\"usual aging\\\" and \\\"senescence.\\\"\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Healthy (successful) aging\",\"UniqueID\":\"v837929\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v837932\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHealthy aging refers to postponement of or reduction in the undesired effects of aging. The goals of healthy aging are maintaining physical and mental health, avoiding disorders, and remaining active and independent. For most people, maintaining general good health requires more effort as they age. Developing certain healthy habits can help, such as \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Life Expectancy\",\"UniqueID\":\"v837953\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v837958\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe average life expectancy of Americans has been increasing dramatically over the past century. A male child born in 1900 could expect to live only 46 years, and a female child, 48 years. In 2021, the average life expectancy in the United States for the total population was 76 years. Although much of this gain can be attributed to the significant decrease in childhood mortality, life expectancy at every age beyond 40 has also increased dramatically. For example, a 65-year-old man can now expect to live to about age 83, and a 65-year-old woman, to about age 86. Overall, women live about 4 to 5 years longer than men. This difference in life expectancy between men and women has changed little, despite late 20th-century and early 21st-century changes in women’s lifestyle, including smoking more and experiencing more stress.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v14430634\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395729\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Aging is a gradual, continuous process of natural change that begins in early adulthood. During early middle age, many bodily functions begin to gradually decline. People do not become \"older\"..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"0"}},{"id":"83940607BFD84BE79705BB998B104747","TopicName":{"value":"Changes in the Body With Aging"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/the-aging-body/changes-in-the-body-with-aging"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Aging cells\",\"UniqueID\":\"v837983\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v837987\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eAs cells age, they function less well. Eventually, old cells must die, which is a normal part of the body’s functioning.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Aging organs\",\"UniqueID\":\"v838003\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v838005\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eHow well organs function depends on how well the cells within them function. Older cells function less well. Also, in some organs, cells die and are not replaced, so the number of cells decreases. The number of cells in the testes, ovaries, liver, and kidneys decreases markedly as the body ages. When the number of cells becomes too low, an organ cannot function normally. Thus, most organs function less well as people age. However, not all organs lose a large number of cells. The brain is one example. Healthy older adults do not lose many brain cells. Substantial losses occur mainly in people who have had a \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/stroke/overview-of-stroke\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Stroke\\\" data-id=\\\"90aec237-8bb7-492f-9479-c2f76ecd66e9\\\" data-itemid=\\\"54128ac7-4a1c-4398-854e-cea6b6491346\\\"\u003estroke\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"90aec237-8bb7-492f-9479-c2f76ecd66e9\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/stroke/overview-of-stroke\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Stroke \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e or who have a disorder that causes the progressive loss of nerve cells (neurodegenerative disorders), such as \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/delirium-and-dementia/alzheimer-disease\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Alzheimer Disease\\\" data-id=\\\"41827ded-8d43-4100-a0a9-eacaa7cab304\\\" data-itemid=\\\"0ed236b3-559f-4985-9a02-d8461c7bd930\\\"\u003eAlzheimer disease\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"41827ded-8d43-4100-a0a9-eacaa7cab304\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/delirium-and-dementia/alzheimer-disease\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Alzheimer Disease \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e or \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/movement-disorders/parkinson-disease-pd\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Parkinson Disease (PD)\\\" data-id=\\\"abdf4a12-c261-4934-9677-ed59e508a502\\\" data-itemid=\\\"640e1fe7-ac4c-43af-b9b6-c3473296ebb7\\\"\u003eParkinson disease\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"abdf4a12-c261-4934-9677-ed59e508a502\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/movement-disorders/parkinson-disease-pd\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Parkinson Disease (PD) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Bones and Joints\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8967819\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395733\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-musculoskeletal-system\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Musculoskeletal System\\\" data-id=\\\"4781f8bd-565e-4985-a873-e10d75b45bdc\\\" data-itemid=\\\"37185e42-d7b4-4b14-ba5e-fd184fb34d1b\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Musculoskeletal System\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"4781f8bd-565e-4985-a873-e10d75b45bdc\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-musculoskeletal-system\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Musculoskeletal System \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Muscles and Body Fat\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8967834\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8967838\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe amount of muscle tissue (muscle mass) and muscle strength tend to decrease beginning around age 30 and continuing throughout life. Some of the decrease is caused by physical inactivity and decreasing levels of growth hormone and \u003cspan class=\\\"genericDrug\\\" data-showrollover=\\\"false\\\"\u003etestosterone\u003c/span\u003e, which stimulate muscle development. Also, muscles cannot contract as quickly because more fast-contracting (fast-twitch) muscle fibers are lost than slow-contracting (slow-twitch) muscle fibers. However, aging's effects reduce muscle mass and strength by no more than about 10 to 15% during an adult's lifetime. In the absence of disease, most of the loss beyond that 10 to 15% is preventable with regular exercise. More severe muscle loss (called sarcopenia, which literally means loss of flesh) results from disease or extreme inactivity, not from aging alone.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Eyes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8967857\",\"Index\":5.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395735\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/effects-of-aging-on-the-eyes\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Eyes\\\" data-id=\\\"086aedb2-e9ab-419c-9688-afde50eca93c\\\" data-itemid=\\\"3d3f34ec-8e64-4999-a3d2-af2c313f8eb8\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Eyes\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"086aedb2-e9ab-419c-9688-afde50eca93c\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/eye-disorders/biology-of-the-eyes/effects-of-aging-on-the-eyes\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Eyes \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Ears\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8967919\",\"Index\":6.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395741\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/biology-of-the-ears-nose-and-throat/effects-of-aging-on-the-ears-nose-and-throat\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Ears, Nose, and Throat\\\" data-id=\\\"e4ba5ec2-d802-4c3b-8f33-cefbee6e1cc1\\\" data-itemid=\\\"de8794b2-8be6-4e4e-a001-bc79f4a586fb\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Ears, Nose, and Throat\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"e4ba5ec2-d802-4c3b-8f33-cefbee6e1cc1\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/biology-of-the-ears-nose-and-throat/effects-of-aging-on-the-ears-nose-and-throat\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Ears, Nose, and Throat \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Mouth and Nose\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8967945\",\"Index\":7.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395744\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/biology-of-the-mouth-and-teeth/effects-of-aging-on-the-mouth-and-teeth\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Mouth and Teeth\\\" data-id=\\\"95854de2-b6f2-48a1-933d-b48ad44490c7\\\" data-itemid=\\\"c58445d9-6ebb-4a7c-9506-5fcb749a9018\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Mouth and Teeth\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"95854de2-b6f2-48a1-933d-b48ad44490c7\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/mouth-and-dental-disorders/biology-of-the-mouth-and-teeth/effects-of-aging-on-the-mouth-and-teeth\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Mouth and Teeth \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e and \u003ca href=\\\"/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/biology-of-the-ears-nose-and-throat/effects-of-aging-on-the-ears-nose-and-throat\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Ears, Nose, and Throat\\\" data-id=\\\"196517c9-a6fc-493f-9556-88451f082406\\\" data-itemid=\\\"de8794b2-8be6-4e4e-a001-bc79f4a586fb\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Ears, Nose, and Throat\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"196517c9-a6fc-493f-9556-88451f082406\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/biology-of-the-ears-nose-and-throat/effects-of-aging-on-the-ears-nose-and-throat\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Ears, Nose, and Throat \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Skin\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8967959\",\"Index\":8.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395749\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/skin-disorders/biology-of-the-skin/effects-of-aging-on-the-skin\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Skin\\\" data-id=\\\"471900a7-6140-491e-a40d-8eef279e83a2\\\" data-itemid=\\\"d9c8f814-c760-4342-855e-b23667284fc2\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Skin\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"471900a7-6140-491e-a40d-8eef279e83a2\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/skin-disorders/biology-of-the-skin/effects-of-aging-on-the-skin\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Skin \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Brain and Nervous System\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8967970\",\"Index\":9.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395751\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/biology-of-the-nervous-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-nervous-system\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Nervous System\\\" data-id=\\\"b73e0929-3ce1-4f7e-b31e-c611a74f014c\\\" data-itemid=\\\"3ee1cfa1-9aee-4c18-aa15-85165ea7c8d0\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Nervous System\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"b73e0929-3ce1-4f7e-b31e-c611a74f014c\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/biology-of-the-nervous-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-nervous-system\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Nervous System \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Heart and Blood Vessels\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8967998\",\"Index\":10.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395753\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/biology-of-the-heart-and-blood-vessels/effects-of-aging-on-the-heart-and-blood-vessels\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Heart and Blood Vessels\\\" data-id=\\\"7e2c9f38-caeb-46a9-a309-36d1e7b843cd\\\" data-itemid=\\\"220ea663-afce-408e-a750-a0fcd72d6673\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Heart and Blood Vessels\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"7e2c9f38-caeb-46a9-a309-36d1e7b843cd\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/biology-of-the-heart-and-blood-vessels/effects-of-aging-on-the-heart-and-blood-vessels\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Heart and Blood Vessels \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Lungs and the Muscles of Breathing\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8968006\",\"Index\":11.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395755\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/biology-of-the-lungs-and-airways/effects-of-aging-on-the-respiratory-system\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System\\\" data-id=\\\"755fcaa1-54e5-42f5-98ef-0918d18ca08a\\\" data-itemid=\\\"66a899d9-4dcc-4479-af6b-2540da62ece7\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Respiratory System\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"755fcaa1-54e5-42f5-98ef-0918d18ca08a\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/lung-and-airway-disorders/biology-of-the-lungs-and-airways/effects-of-aging-on-the-respiratory-system\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Digestive System\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8968012\",\"Index\":12.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395757\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/digestive-disorders/biology-of-the-digestive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-digestive-system\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Digestive System\\\" data-id=\\\"719f700d-56d6-4cc9-b2f2-e0ee690b8c35\\\" data-itemid=\\\"ef854c92-7557-491f-8a25-9ec2867c999f\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Digestive System\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"719f700d-56d6-4cc9-b2f2-e0ee690b8c35\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/digestive-disorders/biology-of-the-digestive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-digestive-system\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Digestive System \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Kidneys and Urinary Tract\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8968021\",\"Index\":13.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395759\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/biology-of-the-kidneys-and-urinary-tract/effects-of-aging-on-the-urinary-tract\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Urinary Tract\\\" data-id=\\\"790ac023-1b7c-45ce-ad09-ee0e6073e811\\\" data-itemid=\\\"987d13fa-9f83-473c-a9e1-0ce7c60a1451\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Urinary Tract\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"790ac023-1b7c-45ce-ad09-ee0e6073e811\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/biology-of-the-kidneys-and-urinary-tract/effects-of-aging-on-the-urinary-tract\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Urinary Tract \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Reproductive Organs\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8968043\",\"Index\":14.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395761\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-female-reproductive-system\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Female Reproductive System\\\" data-id=\\\"5ab95185-956e-4763-833a-870fa8083be5\\\" data-itemid=\\\"2beafb7a-7d42-4620-9cf1-81b180fe95c4\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Female Reproductive System\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"5ab95185-956e-4763-833a-870fa8083be5\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-female-reproductive-system\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Female Reproductive System \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Women\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8968047\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395761\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-female-reproductive-system\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Female Reproductive System\\\" data-id=\\\"5ab95185-956e-4763-833a-870fa8083be5\\\" data-itemid=\\\"2beafb7a-7d42-4620-9cf1-81b180fe95c4\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Female Reproductive System\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"5ab95185-956e-4763-833a-870fa8083be5\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-female-reproductive-system\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Female Reproductive System \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Men\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8968063\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395761\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-female-reproductive-system\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Female Reproductive System\\\" data-id=\\\"5ab95185-956e-4763-833a-870fa8083be5\\\" data-itemid=\\\"2beafb7a-7d42-4620-9cf1-81b180fe95c4\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Female Reproductive System\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"5ab95185-956e-4763-833a-870fa8083be5\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-female-reproductive-system\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Female Reproductive System \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Endocrine System\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8968069\",\"Index\":15.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v66395765\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e(See also \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/biology-of-the-endocrine-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-endocrine-system\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Effects of Aging on the Endocrine System\\\" data-id=\\\"acdb6051-a209-41e9-a3f3-918f759e9a9b\\\" data-itemid=\\\"131e8f6b-d25c-4c8b-9b19-39579e84d087\\\"\u003eEffects of Aging on the Endocrine System\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"acdb6051-a209-41e9-a3f3-918f759e9a9b\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/biology-of-the-endocrine-system/effects-of-aging-on-the-endocrine-system\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Effects of Aging on the Endocrine System \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Blood Production\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8968088\",\"Index\":16.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8968091\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe amount of active bone marrow, where blood cells are produced, decreases. Therefore, fewer blood cells are produced. Nonetheless, the bone marrow can usually produce enough blood cells throughout life. Problems may occur when the need for blood cells is greatly increased—for example, when \u003ca href=\\\"/home/blood-disorders/anemia/overview-of-anemia\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of Anemia\\\" data-id=\\\"5aebb47d-fde7-403c-814c-898fa19ed271\\\" data-itemid=\\\"9e6f5b6c-72b0-45f2-9098-1e644b1ffaf3\\\"\u003eanemia\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"5aebb47d-fde7-403c-814c-898fa19ed271\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/blood-disorders/anemia/overview-of-anemia\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of Anemia \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e or an infection develops or bleeding occurs. In such cases, bone marrow is less able to increase its production of blood cells in response to the body’s needs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Immune System\",\"UniqueID\":\"v8968093\",\"Index\":17.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v8968096\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe cells of the \u003ca href=\\\"/home/immune-disorders/biology-of-the-immune-system/overview-of-the-immune-system\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Overview of the Immune System\\\" data-id=\\\"1c741378-a3d1-4dda-b957-ca2dc923aeaa\\\" data-itemid=\\\"48f3a724-83be-4be2-9245-7c832fadc702\\\"\u003eimmune system\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"1c741378-a3d1-4dda-b957-ca2dc923aeaa\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/immune-disorders/biology-of-the-immune-system/overview-of-the-immune-system\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Overview of the Immune System \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e act more slowly. These cells identify and destroy foreign substances such as bacteria, other infecting microbes, and probably cancer cells. This immune slowdown may partly explain several findings associated with aging:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"The body changes with aging because changes occur in individual cells and in whole organs. These changes result in changes in function and in appearance. (See also Overview of Aging.) As cells..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"}},{"id":"111E38F53F144943BE4464CFA9E522C0","TopicName":{"value":"Disorders in Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/the-aging-body/disorders-in-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[]"},"Summary":{"value":"Some disorders occur almost exclusively in older adults. (See also Overview of Aging.) They are sometimes called geriatrics syndromes (geriatrics refers to the medical care of older adults)..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"2"}},{"id":"38E839FC184944B18D3B89B9F3914503","TopicName":{"value":"Indirect Influences on Health in Older Adults"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/the-aging-body/indirect-influences-on-health-in-older-adults"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Social relationships\",\"UniqueID\":\"v838663\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v838667\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOlder adults who maintain social contact, whether it be with a spouse, with friends, or through outside interests, have fewer health problems. For example, older adults who are married or who live with a roommate tend to be in better health than those who live alone. Older adults who live with someone also have lower rates of hospitalization and nursing home admissions than those who live alone.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Education\",\"UniqueID\":\"v838670\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v838672\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn people with higher levels of education, disorders tend to be detected earlier, and health outcomes tend to be better, even when a disorder is not detected early.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Finances\",\"UniqueID\":\"v838673\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v838675\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eIn the United States, poverty is more common among older adults than among the general population, despite the financial help provided by Medicare, Social Security, and Medicaid. Medicare Part D (the prescription medication program), has made medication costs more manageable especially for older adults with a low income. Yet, despite these programs, some older adults still have significant out-of-pocket expenses, making it difficult to pay for health care. When paying for health care is difficult, otherwise treatable disorders are often undertreated or untreated or are treated at a late stage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Response to age-related changes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v838686\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v838689\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOlder adults may have difficulty \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" data-id=\\\"68d5612d-fc82-4312-808d-f6b70dff05f4\\\" data-itemid=\\\"c776e7dc-1443-4a7f-a3e0-1076734017b2\\\"\u003ecoping with the many changes that occur with aging\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"68d5612d-fc82-4312-808d-f6b70dff05f4\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/social-issues-affecting-older-adults\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Social Issues Affecting Older Adults \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e, such as retirement, loss of loved ones, and development of disorders. In response, older adults may feel lonely, useless, powerless, or sad. They may lose their self-esteem. They may worry about becoming a burden to their family. They may become depressed, especially if they have a disorder that leads to temporary or permanent loss of independence or when they see their friends and loved ones die. These feelings may make older adults less likely to see a health care professional, possibly delaying the diagnosis of a serious disorder. But research has shown that older adults cope with these challenges better than younger adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Circumstances that may seem unrelated to health can affect the health of older adults. (See also Overview of Aging and Health-Related Quality of Life.) Older adults who maintain social contact..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"3"}},{"id":"9FF4CE9DDF0E472EA0D945DB82A4D0DE","TopicName":{"value":"Disorders of Accelerated Aging"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/the-aging-body/disorders-of-accelerated-aging"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Progeroid Syndromes\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34395644\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34395646\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eProgeroid syndromes are rare disorders that cause premature aging and shorten life expectancy.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome (progeria)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34395651\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34395646\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eProgeroid syndromes are rare disorders that cause premature aging and shorten life expectancy.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Werner syndrome\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34395655\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34395646\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e\u003cdiv class='topic__explanation' \u003eProgeroid syndromes are rare disorders that cause premature aging and shorten life expectancy.\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"Down Syndrome\",\"UniqueID\":\"v34395675\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v34395677\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/children-s-health-issues/chromosome-and-gene-abnormalities/down-syndrome-trisomy-21\\\" data-toggle=\\\"tooltip\\\" title =\\\"Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)\\\" data-id=\\\"0dad7579-e3f5-448e-9bf3-5d5b61b32b54\\\" data-itemid=\\\"e28815b4-561b-46c6-998f-f0f6f6d9f22c\\\"\u003eDown syndrome\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan id=\\\"0dad7579-e3f5-448e-9bf3-5d5b61b32b54\\\" class=\\\"d-none xref\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-container\\\"\u003e \u003ca href=\\\"/home/children-s-health-issues/chromosome-and-gene-abnormalities/down-syndrome-trisomy-21\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-content\\\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-heading\\\"\u003e Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-readmore\\\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\\\"tooltip-img\\\"\u003e \u003cimg src=\\\"/-/media/home/images/d/o/w/down_syndrome_high_blausen.jpg?thn=0\u0026sc_lang=en\u0026mh=160\u0026mw=160\\\" class=\\\"tooltip-Preview\\\" alt=\\\"Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\" /\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/a\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e is much more common than progeroid syndromes. It also causes problems typical of older age in younger adults:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Certain disorders have some of the same effects as aging. Scientists study what happens in these disorders to try to learn what causes aging. For example, they identify the genes that are defective..."},"SortIndex":{"value":"4"}}]}},{"id":"F9F81A8EED1C4BB8B68A009BC4AB61D3","ChapterName":{"value":"Aging and Medications"},"ChapterUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/aging-and-medications"},"SortIndex":{"value":"1"},"SubHeader":{"value":""},"Description":{"value":"\u003cspan id=\"v838763\" class=\"anchor\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"para\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMedications, the most common medical intervention, are an important part of medical care for older people. Without medications, many older people would function less well or die at an earlier age.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"ChapterChildren":{"results":[{"id":"B81E2039A18A4E8E8C3854B4BBEE1EAA","TopicName":{"value":"Aging and Medications"},"TopicUrl":{"path":"/home/older-people-s-health-issues/aging-and-medications/aging-and-medications"},"InThisTopic":{"value":"[{\"Title\":\"Benefits and Risks of Prescription Drugs\",\"UniqueID\":\"v838778\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v838780\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eMany of the improvements in the health and function of older people during the past several decades can be attributed to the benefits of drugs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Maximizing the Benefits and Reducing the Risks of Taking Drugs\",\"UniqueID\":\"v41278178\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v41278180\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eOlder people and the people who care for them can do many things to maximize the benefits and reduce the risks of taking drugs. Any questions about or problems with a drug should be discussed with a doctor or pharmacist. Taking drugs as instructed and communicating with health care providers is essential for avoiding problems and promoting good health.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Remembering to Take Drugs as Prescribed\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17748114\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17748116\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTo benefit from taking drugs, people must remember not only to take their drugs but also to take them at the right time and in the right way. When several drugs are taken, the schedule for taking them can be complex. For example, drugs may have to be taken at different times throughout the day to avoid interactions. Some drugs may have to be taken with food. Other drugs have to be taken when no food is in the stomach. The more complex the schedule, the more likely people are to make mistakes. For example, bisphosphonates (such as \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003ealendronate\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003erisedronate\u003c/span\u003e, and \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eibandronate\u003c/span\u003e), which are used to increase bone density, need to be taken on an empty stomach and with only water (at least a full glass). If these drugs are taken with other liquids or food, they are not absorbed well and do not work effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[{\"Title\":\"Memory aids\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17748126\",\"Index\":1.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17748116\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTo benefit from taking drugs, people must remember not only to take their drugs but also to take them at the right time and in the right way. When several drugs are taken, the schedule for taking them can be complex. For example, drugs may have to be taken at different times throughout the day to avoid interactions. Some drugs may have to be taken with food. Other drugs have to be taken when no food is in the stomach. The more complex the schedule, the more likely people are to make mistakes. For example, bisphosphonates (such as \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003ealendronate\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003erisedronate\u003c/span\u003e, and \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eibandronate\u003c/span\u003e), which are used to increase bone density, need to be taken on an empty stomach and with only water (at least a full glass). If these drugs are taken with other liquids or food, they are not absorbed well and do not work effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Drug containers\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17748129\",\"Index\":2.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17748116\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTo benefit from taking drugs, people must remember not only to take their drugs but also to take them at the right time and in the right way. When several drugs are taken, the schedule for taking them can be complex. For example, drugs may have to be taken at different times throughout the day to avoid interactions. Some drugs may have to be taken with food. Other drugs have to be taken when no food is in the stomach. The more complex the schedule, the more likely people are to make mistakes. For example, bisphosphonates (such as \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003ealendronate\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003erisedronate\u003c/span\u003e, and \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eibandronate\u003c/span\u003e), which are used to increase bone density, need to be taken on an empty stomach and with only water (at least a full glass). If these drugs are taken with other liquids or food, they are not absorbed well and do not work effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]},{\"Title\":\"Smartphone apps (cell phone apps)\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17748133\",\"Index\":3.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v17748116\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eTo benefit from taking drugs, people must remember not only to take their drugs but also to take them at the right time and in the right way. When several drugs are taken, the schedule for taking them can be complex. For example, drugs may have to be taken at different times throughout the day to avoid interactions. Some drugs may have to be taken with food. Other drugs have to be taken when no food is in the stomach. The more complex the schedule, the more likely people are to make mistakes. For example, bisphosphonates (such as \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003ealendronate\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003erisedronate\u003c/span\u003e, and \u003cspan class='resolvedDrug' tabindex='0' role='link' productId='0'\u003eibandronate\u003c/span\u003e), which are used to increase bone density, need to be taken on an empty stomach and with only water (at least a full glass). If these drugs are taken with other liquids or food, they are not absorbed well and do not work effectively.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"H_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"itemprop=\\\"possibleTreatment\\\" itemscope itemtype=\\\"http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy\\\"\",\"Children\":[]}]},{\"Title\":\"More Information\",\"UniqueID\":\"v17748140\",\"Index\":4.0,\"Summary\":\"\u003cspan id=\\\"v54247496\\\" class=\\\"anchor\\\" \u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cdiv class=\\\"para\\\" \u003e \u003cp \u003eThe following English-language resources may be useful. Please note that THE MANUAL is not responsible for the content of these resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\",\"HeadType\":\"F_Head\",\"SchemeItemProp\":\"\",\"Children\":[]}]"},"Summary":{"value":"Medications, the most common medical intervention, are an important part of medical care for older people. 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