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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Obsidian</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">12,117 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Obsidian</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Obsidian">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38696179 coauthored" data-work_id="38696179" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38696179/Material_conveyance_in_the_Southern_California_Bight_Obsidian_on_Alta_Californias_Channel_Islands">Material conveyance in the Southern California Bight: Obsidian on Alta California's Channel Islands</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Inhabited by Native Americans for at least 13,000 years, California's Channel Islands were isolated from the adjacent mainland throughout the Quaternary. A rich archaeological record demonstrates that island peoples thrived for millennia,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38696179" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Inhabited by Native Americans for at least 13,000 years, California's Channel Islands were isolated from the adjacent mainland throughout the Quaternary. A rich archaeological record demonstrates that island peoples thrived for millennia, with access to abundant marine and terrestrial resources. Exchange with mainlanders for various goods is well documented, with long-distance material conveyance occurring very early and intensifying later in time. Obsidian was one exotic material imported to the islands from distant quarries beginning at least ~11,750 years ago and continuing until the collapse of native exchange networks after European contact. Geochemical sourcing shows that nearly 94% of obsidian artifacts found on the islands comes from the Coso Volcanic Field located ~300 km or more from the islands, with smaller percentages originating from sources as much as >850 km from the islands. Hydration data generally support radiocarbon dates that show that islanders participated in long-distance conveyance networks for millennia. Using these obsidian data, we examine Channel Island conveyance networks through space and time. We argue that conveyance of goods between islanders and mainlanders was a by-product primarily of social networks that functioned as sources of information, innovation, marriage partners, and strategic alliances.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38696179" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="75d5c9376b3593a2a3ae29f14f7fa3e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58779027,"asset_id":38696179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58779027/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13092589" href="https://uoregon.academia.edu/KristinaGill">Kristina Gill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13092589" type="text/json">{"id":13092589,"first_name":"Kristina","last_name":"Gill","domain_name":"uoregon","page_name":"KristinaGill","display_name":"Kristina Gill","profile_url":"https://uoregon.academia.edu/KristinaGill?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13092589/4667160/5388819/s65_kristina.gill.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38696179">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38696179"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardEHughes">Richard E. Hughes</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38696179'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38696179').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38696179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38696179"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38696179, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38696179", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38696179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38696179; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38696179"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38696179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38696179"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38696179; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38696179]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38696179").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38696179").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38696179"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1233" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks">Social Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1233" type="text/json">{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109642" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing">Obsidian Sourcing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109642" type="text/json">{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="210415" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Coast_and_Channel_Islands_Archaeology">California Coast and Channel Islands Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="210415" type="text/json">{"id":210415,"name":"California Coast and Channel Islands Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Coast_and_Channel_Islands_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38696179]'), work: {"id":38696179,"title":"Material conveyance in the Southern California Bight: Obsidian on Alta California's Channel Islands","created_at":"2019-04-02T12:30:26.882-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38696179/Material_conveyance_in_the_Southern_California_Bight_Obsidian_on_Alta_Californias_Channel_Islands?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_38696179","summary":"Inhabited by Native Americans for at least 13,000 years, California's Channel Islands were isolated from the adjacent mainland throughout the Quaternary. A rich archaeological record demonstrates that island peoples thrived for millennia, with access to abundant marine and terrestrial resources. Exchange with mainlanders for various goods is well documented, with long-distance material conveyance occurring very early and intensifying later in time. Obsidian was one exotic material imported to the islands from distant quarries beginning at least ~11,750 years ago and continuing until the collapse of native exchange networks after European contact. Geochemical sourcing shows that nearly 94% of obsidian artifacts found on the islands comes from the Coso Volcanic Field located ~300 km or more from the islands, with smaller percentages originating from sources as much as \u003e850 km from the islands. Hydration data generally support radiocarbon dates that show that islanders participated in long-distance conveyance networks for millennia. Using these obsidian data, we examine Channel Island conveyance networks through space and time. We argue that conveyance of goods between islanders and mainlanders was a by-product primarily of social networks that functioned as sources of information, innovation, marriage partners, and strategic alliances. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58779027,"asset_id":38696179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13092589,"first_name":"Kristina","last_name":"Gill","domain_name":"uoregon","page_name":"KristinaGill","display_name":"Kristina Gill","profile_url":"https://uoregon.academia.edu/KristinaGill?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13092589/4667160/5388819/s65_kristina.gill.jpg"},{"id":33607474,"first_name":"Richard E.","last_name":"Hughes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardEHughes","display_name":"Richard E. Hughes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardEHughes?f_ri=15326","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":210415,"name":"California Coast and Channel Islands Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Coast_and_Channel_Islands_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4327235 coauthored" data-work_id="4327235" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4327235/_Stories_Written_in_Stone_International_Symposium_on_Chert_and_Other_Knappable_Materials_Programme_and_Abstracts">‘Stories Written in Stone’; International Symposium on Chert and Other Knappable Materials. Programme and Abstracts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4327235" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="302b389c972ef852e7f8e315a65ebc83" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31793138,"asset_id":4327235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31793138/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="75546" href="https://mun.academia.edu/OtisCrandell">Otis Crandell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="75546" type="text/json">{"id":75546,"first_name":"Otis","last_name":"Crandell","domain_name":"mun","page_name":"OtisCrandell","display_name":"Otis Crandell","profile_url":"https://mun.academia.edu/OtisCrandell?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/75546/20849/35434198/s65_otis_norman.crandell.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-4327235">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-4327235"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uaic.academia.edu/VasileCotiuga">Vasile Cotiuga</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-4327235'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-4327235').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4327235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4327235"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4327235, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4327235", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4327235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4327235; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4327235"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4327235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4327235"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4327235; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4327235]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4327235").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4327235").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4327235"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1706" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology">Geoarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1706" type="text/json">{"id":1706,"name":"Geoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flint_Archaeology_">Flint (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15327" type="text/json">{"id":15327,"name":"Flint (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flint_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology">Lithic Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19728" type="text/json">{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4327235]'), work: {"id":4327235,"title":"‘Stories Written in Stone’; International Symposium on Chert and Other Knappable Materials. Programme and Abstracts","created_at":"2013-08-25T22:41:22.365-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4327235/_Stories_Written_in_Stone_International_Symposium_on_Chert_and_Other_Knappable_Materials_Programme_and_Abstracts?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_4327235","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31793138,"asset_id":4327235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":75546,"first_name":"Otis","last_name":"Crandell","domain_name":"mun","page_name":"OtisCrandell","display_name":"Otis Crandell","profile_url":"https://mun.academia.edu/OtisCrandell?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/75546/20849/35434198/s65_otis_norman.crandell.jpg"},{"id":274088,"first_name":"Vasile","last_name":"Cotiuga","domain_name":"uaic","page_name":"VasileCotiuga","display_name":"Vasile Cotiuga","profile_url":"https://uaic.academia.edu/VasileCotiuga?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/274088/67267/9456508/s65_vasile.cotiuga.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1706,"name":"Geoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15327,"name":"Flint (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flint_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":24828,"name":"Lithics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics?f_ri=15326"},{"id":25050,"name":"Archaeomineralogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeomineralogy?f_ri=15326"},{"id":35905,"name":"Experimental Knapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Knapping?f_ri=15326"},{"id":38032,"name":"Lithic Technology (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":50809,"name":"Archaeology, Lithic analysis and organization of technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Lithic_analysis_and_organization_of_technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":99317,"name":"Lithic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Analysis?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108399,"name":"Chert Source Provenance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chert_Source_Provenance_Studies?f_ri=15326"},{"id":114564,"name":"Petroarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petroarchaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":176370,"name":"Quartzite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quartzite?f_ri=15326"},{"id":342440,"name":"Rhyolite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhyolite?f_ri=15326"},{"id":599186,"name":"Flint Knapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flint_Knapping?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26103538 coauthored" data-work_id="26103538" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26103538/The_obsidian_of_Southern_Sinaloa_New_evidence_of_Aztatlan_networks_through_PIXE">The obsidian of Southern Sinaloa: New evidence of Aztatlan networks through PIXE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study presents an investigation of 19 obsidian artifacts recovered from Southern Sinaloa, as well as obsidian samples recovered from the deposits at Teuchitlán and La Joya (both in Jalisco State) and at Abasolo (Guanajuato). Chemical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26103538" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study presents an investigation of 19 obsidian artifacts recovered from Southern Sinaloa, as well as obsidian samples recovered from the deposits at Teuchitlán and La Joya (both in Jalisco State) and at Abasolo (Guanajuato). Chemical analyses were carried out by means of PIXE (proton induced X-ray emission), obtaining the concentration of the following elements: sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, chlorine, potassium, calcium, titanium, manganese, iron, zinc, arsenic, rubidium, yttrium, and zirconium. The statistical analysis of the results, together with data from the literature, allowed for an identification of the obsidian deposits used in the manufacture of pre-Hispanic artifacts, namely: Las Navajas-2 (Nayarit), Teuchitlán (Jalisco), Sierra de Pachuca (Hidalgo), and Abasolo (Guanajuato). The first deposit mentioned was most popular in Southern Sinaloa, though the range of sources went all the way from relatively nearby ones, like those around the Tequila volcano, to the Bajío region and Central Mesoamerica. This study proposes the obsidian trading routes that could have reached Southern Sinaloa.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26103538" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e5c75f8159066a355bcb40afb2a2986" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46453617,"asset_id":26103538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46453617/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="884538" href="https://colmich.academia.edu/RodrigoEsparza">Rodrigo Esparza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="884538" type="text/json">{"id":884538,"first_name":"Rodrigo","last_name":"Esparza","domain_name":"colmich","page_name":"RodrigoEsparza","display_name":"Rodrigo Esparza","profile_url":"https://colmich.academia.edu/RodrigoEsparza?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/884538/321860/381646/s65_rodrigo.l_pez.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26103538">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26103538"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://inah.academia.edu/LuisAlfonsoGraveTirado">Luis Alfonso Grave Tirado</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26103538'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26103538').html(); 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Chemical analyses were carried out by means of PIXE (proton induced X-ray emission), obtaining the concentration of the following elements: sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, chlorine, potassium, calcium, titanium, manganese, iron, zinc, arsenic, rubidium, yttrium, and zirconium. The statistical analysis of the results, together with data from the literature, allowed for an identification of the obsidian deposits used in the manufacture of pre-Hispanic artifacts, namely: Las Navajas-2 (Nayarit), Teuchitlán (Jalisco), Sierra de Pachuca (Hidalgo), and Abasolo (Guanajuato). The first deposit mentioned was most popular in Southern Sinaloa, though the range of sources went all the way from relatively nearby ones, like those around the Tequila volcano, to the Bajío region and Central Mesoamerica. This study proposes the obsidian trading routes that could have reached Southern Sinaloa.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46453617,"asset_id":26103538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":884538,"first_name":"Rodrigo","last_name":"Esparza","domain_name":"colmich","page_name":"RodrigoEsparza","display_name":"Rodrigo Esparza","profile_url":"https://colmich.academia.edu/RodrigoEsparza?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/884538/321860/381646/s65_rodrigo.l_pez.jpg"},{"id":4591819,"first_name":"Luis Alfonso","last_name":"Grave Tirado","domain_name":"inah","page_name":"LuisAlfonsoGraveTirado","display_name":"Luis Alfonso Grave Tirado","profile_url":"https://inah.academia.edu/LuisAlfonsoGraveTirado?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4591819/2813545/3282844/s65_luis_alfonso.grave_tirado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":32014,"name":"Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":35681,"name":"West Mexico (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326"},{"id":672896,"name":"Aztatlán archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aztatlan_archaeology?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9537822" data-work_id="9537822" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9537822/Anth_106_Ppt_lecture_12_summary_of_and_supplement_to_Renfrew_and_Bahn_textbook_chp_9_What_contact_did_they_have_Trade_and_exchange_by_G_Mumford_UPDATED_March_2021">Anth.106 Ppt. lecture-12: summary of & supplement to Renfrew & Bahn textbook, chp. 9: What contact did they have? Trade and exchange (by G. Mumford) UPDATED March, 2021.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">SUMMARY: Chapter 9, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the various types of trade and exchange in past societies, and how one may assess it, including different types of interactions (e.g.,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9537822" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">SUMMARY: Chapter 9, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the various types of trade and exchange in past societies, and how one may assess it, including different types of interactions (e.g., gift exchange), various scientific techniques (e.g., microscopic examination of materials; trace-element analysis; isotopic analysis), studying material and/or artifact distributions, assessing production and consumption, and analyzing the various means of exchange and interaction.  In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED/REVISED March, 2021, some editing and new formatting, minimal new materials.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9537822" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f6fe3673d7730b872a7d6d758cb3c06c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66190656,"asset_id":9537822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66190656/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9975751" href="https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford">Gregory Mumford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9975751" type="text/json">{"id":9975751,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Mumford","domain_name":"ua-birmingham","page_name":"GregoryMumford","display_name":"Gregory Mumford","profile_url":"https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9975751/5788605/11609699/s65_gregory.mumford.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9537822 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9537822"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9537822, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9537822", }); 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Trade and exchange (by G. Mumford) UPDATED March, 2021.","created_at":"2014-11-28T00:15:07.151-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9537822/Anth_106_Ppt_lecture_12_summary_of_and_supplement_to_Renfrew_and_Bahn_textbook_chp_9_What_contact_did_they_have_Trade_and_exchange_by_G_Mumford_UPDATED_March_2021?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_9537822","summary":"SUMMARY: Chapter 9, in Renfrew \u0026 Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers the various types of trade and exchange in past societies, and how one may assess it, including different types of interactions (e.g., gift exchange), various scientific techniques (e.g., microscopic examination of materials; trace-element analysis; isotopic analysis), studying material and/or artifact distributions, assessing production and consumption, and analyzing the various means of exchange and interaction. In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record. UPDATED/REVISED March, 2021, some editing and new formatting, minimal new materials.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66190656,"asset_id":9537822,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9975751,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Mumford","domain_name":"ua-birmingham","page_name":"GregoryMumford","display_name":"Gregory Mumford","profile_url":"https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9975751/5788605/11609699/s65_gregory.mumford.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":3180,"name":"International Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Trade?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":3561,"name":"Reciprocity (Social and Cultural Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reciprocity_Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":4957,"name":"Gift Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gift_Exchange?f_ri=15326"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":14833,"name":"Gift Giving (Economic Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gift_Giving_Economic_Anthropology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":26086,"name":"Neolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Europe?f_ri=15326"},{"id":28227,"name":"Cross-cultural interaction 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Colonies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merchants_and_Merchant_Colonies?f_ri=15326"},{"id":1185944,"name":"Uluburn Shipwreck","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uluburn_Shipwreck?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38508680" data-work_id="38508680" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38508680/Origins_of_obsidian_at_the_Pompeii_of_the_Syrian_Desert_Sourcing_lithic_artifacts_from_the_Yale_French_excavations_at_Dura_Europos">Origins of obsidian at the “Pompeii of the Syrian Desert:” Sourcing lithic artifacts from the Yale-French excavations at Dura-Europos</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Hellenistic, Parthian, and Roman site of Dura–Europos (or simply “Dura”), dubbed the “Pompeii of the Syrian Desert” by Yale historian and archaeologist Michael Rostovtzeff, was jointly excavated by Yale University and the French... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38508680" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Hellenistic, Parthian, and Roman site of Dura–Europos (or simply “Dura”), dubbed the “Pompeii of the Syrian Desert” by Yale historian and archaeologist Michael Rostovtzeff, was jointly excavated by Yale University and the French Academy of Inscriptions and Letters from 1928 to 1937. Given the outstanding preservation of art and architecture at Dura, it is not surprising that four obsidian artifacts have escaped attention, despite evidence that stone tools – including obsidian ones – continued to be used into and after the Iron Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. After more than eight decades, the character of Dura's connections to the Classical world remains a matter of debate. Pottery includes not only local ceramic wares but also North African and Aegean ones. Our nondestructive pXRF testing establish that the Dura artifacts match the three most widely used Eastern Anatolian obsidian sources: Nemrut Dağ volcano as well as the Bingöl A and B sources. If indeed obsidian arrived at Dura via long-standing mechanisms of Mesopotamian exchange, these Eastern Anatolian obsidians would be expected. Unfortunately, the artifacts' precise locations at Dura are unclear, the excavations lacked stratigraphic con- straints, and Near Eastern obsidian distribution patterns have been rarely studied beyond the Early Bronze Age. Keeping in mind these limitations, our findings are most consistent with past suggestions regarding the im- portance of local Mesopotamian influences and resources at the site.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38508680" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d80f9d99ad4799d6745b9fa94b066a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58576510,"asset_id":38508680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58576510/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41148" href="https://yale.academia.edu/ElleryFrahm">Ellery Frahm</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41148" type="text/json">{"id":41148,"first_name":"Ellery","last_name":"Frahm","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"ElleryFrahm","display_name":"Ellery Frahm","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/ElleryFrahm?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41148/13477/131266943/s65_ellery.frahm.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38508680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38508680"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38508680, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38508680", }); 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Given the outstanding preservation of art and architecture at Dura, it is not surprising that four obsidian artifacts have escaped attention, despite evidence that stone tools – including obsidian ones – continued to be used into and after the Iron Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. After more than eight decades, the character of Dura's connections to the Classical world remains a matter of debate. Pottery includes not only local ceramic wares but also North African and Aegean ones. Our nondestructive pXRF testing establish that the Dura artifacts match the three most widely used Eastern Anatolian obsidian sources: Nemrut Dağ volcano as well as the Bingöl A and B sources. If indeed obsidian arrived at Dura via long-standing mechanisms of Mesopotamian exchange, these Eastern Anatolian obsidians would be expected. Unfortunately, the artifacts' precise locations at Dura are unclear, the excavations lacked stratigraphic con- straints, and Near Eastern obsidian distribution patterns have been rarely studied beyond the Early Bronze Age. Keeping in mind these limitations, our findings are most consistent with past suggestions regarding the im- portance of local Mesopotamian influences and resources at the site.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58576510,"asset_id":38508680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41148,"first_name":"Ellery","last_name":"Frahm","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"ElleryFrahm","display_name":"Ellery Frahm","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/ElleryFrahm?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41148/13477/131266943/s65_ellery.frahm.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=15326"},{"id":3316,"name":"Archaeological Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Science?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15391,"name":"Syria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syria?f_ri=15326"},{"id":17618,"name":"Greek Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=15326"},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":21261,"name":"X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-Ray_Fluorescence_XRF_Spectroscopy?f_ri=15326"},{"id":25048,"name":"Archaeological Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Chemistry?f_ri=15326"},{"id":48468,"name":"Dura Europos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dura_Europos?f_ri=15326"},{"id":91632,"name":"Stone tools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_tools?f_ri=15326"},{"id":175024,"name":"Yale University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yale_University?f_ri=15326"},{"id":634974,"name":"Roman Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Roman_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77122220" data-work_id="77122220" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77122220/Obsidian_Sub_Sources_at_the_Zaragoza_Oyameles_Quarry_in_Puebla_Mexico_Similarities_with_Altotonga_and_Their_Distribution_Throughout_Mesoamerica">Obsidian Sub-Sources at the Zaragoza-Oyameles Quarry in Puebla, Mexico: Similarities with Altotonga and Their Distribution Throughout Mesoamerica</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We present data produced through archaeological and geological survey, as well as geochemical analysis of the Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian source area located on the northern and western flanks of the Los Humeros Caldera in eastern Puebla,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77122220" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We present data produced through archaeological and geological survey, as well as geochemical analysis of the Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian source area located on the northern and western flanks of the Los Humeros Caldera in eastern Puebla, Mexico. One result of the intensive archaeological surface survey of this obsidian source area was the identification of 117 obsidian flow-band exposures. Geologic samples from 40 of these were submitted for instrumental neutron activation analysis. Eighty-five projectile points collected from the surface were characterized using portable X-ray fluorescence. These analyses identified three sub-sources: Z-O1, Potreros Caldera, and Gomez Sur. The Gomez Sur sub-source appears chemically similar to the previously identified Altotonga source, located 25 km to the northeast. Results of the geological survey help elucidate the relationship of Altotonga obsidian with the Zaragoza-Oyameles source area. The data from the three sub-sources are compared to all ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77122220" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16877019" href="https://amiezukowski.academia.edu/CharlesLFKnight">Charles L. F. Knight</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16877019" type="text/json">{"id":16877019,"first_name":"Charles L. F.","last_name":"Knight","domain_name":"amiezukowski","page_name":"CharlesLFKnight","display_name":"Charles L. F. Knight","profile_url":"https://amiezukowski.academia.edu/CharlesLFKnight?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16877019/4632414/5352235/s65_charles.knight.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77122220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77122220"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77122220, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77122220", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_77122220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77122220; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_77122220"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_77122220 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="77122220"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 77122220; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77122220]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77122220").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77122220").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77122220"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77122220]'), work: {"id":77122220,"title":"Obsidian Sub-Sources at the Zaragoza-Oyameles Quarry in Puebla, Mexico: Similarities with Altotonga and Their Distribution Throughout Mesoamerica","created_at":"2022-04-20T17:43:50.160-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77122220/Obsidian_Sub_Sources_at_the_Zaragoza_Oyameles_Quarry_in_Puebla_Mexico_Similarities_with_Altotonga_and_Their_Distribution_Throughout_Mesoamerica?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_77122220","summary":"We present data produced through archaeological and geological survey, as well as geochemical analysis of the Zaragoza-Oyameles obsidian source area located on the northern and western flanks of the Los Humeros Caldera in eastern Puebla, Mexico. One result of the intensive archaeological surface survey of this obsidian source area was the identification of 117 obsidian flow-band exposures. Geologic samples from 40 of these were submitted for instrumental neutron activation analysis. Eighty-five projectile points collected from the surface were characterized using portable X-ray fluorescence. These analyses identified three sub-sources: Z-O1, Potreros Caldera, and Gomez Sur. The Gomez Sur sub-source appears chemically similar to the previously identified Altotonga source, located 25 km to the northeast. Results of the geological survey help elucidate the relationship of Altotonga obsidian with the Zaragoza-Oyameles source area. The data from the three sub-sources are compared to all ...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16877019,"first_name":"Charles L. F.","last_name":"Knight","domain_name":"amiezukowski","page_name":"CharlesLFKnight","display_name":"Charles L. F. Knight","profile_url":"https://amiezukowski.academia.edu/CharlesLFKnight?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16877019/4632414/5352235/s65_charles.knight.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":3860,"name":"Volcanic Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Geology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":24829,"name":"Mesoamerica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerica?f_ri=15326"},{"id":38032,"name":"Lithic Technology (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":43182,"name":"Ancient Quarrying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Quarrying?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326"},{"id":575815,"name":"Latin American Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Antiquity?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41349429" data-work_id="41349429" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41349429/1_000_YEARS_A_COMMODITY_OBSIDIAN_PROCUREMENT_AND_USE_WITHIN_THE_PHOENIX_BASIN_OF_SOUTHERN_ARIZONA">1,000 YEARS A COMMODITY: OBSIDIAN PROCUREMENT AND USE WITHIN THE PHOENIX BASIN OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although obsidian was only rarely employed during the Archaic period in the Hohokam region of southern Arizona, use of this natural glass became widespread during the pre-Classic period around AD 600 and continued unabated through the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41349429" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although obsidian was only rarely employed during the Archaic period in the Hohokam region of southern Arizona, use of this natural glass became widespread during the pre-Classic period around AD 600 and continued unabated through the late nineteenth century. As a result of its unique physical properties, this stone was largely if not exclusively used to manufacture weapons, specifically small arrow tips. This factor appears to have affected acquisition patterns for this stone, and data suggest that obsidian was primarily obtained as a raw material through trade. Simultaneously, in rare circumstances points appear to have been introduced on the tips of enemy's arrows, points were also sometimes collected as talismans from settings such as battlefields, and obsidian was occasionally acquired from earlier site components. However, considerable evidence demonstrates that the stone was an important commodity, the vast majority of which was obtained through trade with closely allied peoples who lived outside the Phoenix Basin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41349429" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="493dc67180329fc7564347ec5d647947" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61551398,"asset_id":41349429,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61551398/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6528719" href="https://asu.academia.edu/ChrisLoendorf">Chris Loendorf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6528719" type="text/json">{"id":6528719,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Loendorf","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"ChrisLoendorf","display_name":"Chris Loendorf","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/ChrisLoendorf?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6528719/2621467/3044379/s65_chris.loendorf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41349429 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41349429"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41349429, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41349429", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41349429 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41349429; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41349429"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41349429 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41349429"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41349429; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41349429]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41349429").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41349429").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41349429"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22562" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southwestern_Archaeology">Southwestern Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22562" type="text/json">{"id":22562,"name":"Southwestern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southwestern_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="207937" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hohokam_Archaeology">Hohokam Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="207937" type="text/json">{"id":207937,"name":"Hohokam Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hohokam_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41349429]'), work: {"id":41349429,"title":"1,000 YEARS A COMMODITY: OBSIDIAN PROCUREMENT AND USE WITHIN THE PHOENIX BASIN OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA","created_at":"2019-12-18T07:47:51.405-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41349429/1_000_YEARS_A_COMMODITY_OBSIDIAN_PROCUREMENT_AND_USE_WITHIN_THE_PHOENIX_BASIN_OF_SOUTHERN_ARIZONA?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_41349429","summary":"Although obsidian was only rarely employed during the Archaic period in the Hohokam region of southern Arizona, use of this natural glass became widespread during the pre-Classic period around AD 600 and continued unabated through the late nineteenth century. As a result of its unique physical properties, this stone was largely if not exclusively used to manufacture weapons, specifically small arrow tips. This factor appears to have affected acquisition patterns for this stone, and data suggest that obsidian was primarily obtained as a raw material through trade. Simultaneously, in rare circumstances points appear to have been introduced on the tips of enemy's arrows, points were also sometimes collected as talismans from settings such as battlefields, and obsidian was occasionally acquired from earlier site components. However, considerable evidence demonstrates that the stone was an important commodity, the vast majority of which was obtained through trade with closely allied peoples who lived outside the Phoenix Basin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61551398,"asset_id":41349429,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6528719,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Loendorf","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"ChrisLoendorf","display_name":"Chris Loendorf","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/ChrisLoendorf?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6528719/2621467/3044379/s65_chris.loendorf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":22562,"name":"Southwestern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southwestern_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":207937,"name":"Hohokam Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hohokam_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45599247 coauthored" data-work_id="45599247" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45599247/Extending_the_scale_of_obsidian_studies_Towards_a_high_resolution_investigation_of_obsidian_prehistoric_circulation_patterns_in_the_southern_Caucasus_and_north_western_Iran">Extending the scale of obsidian studies: Towards a high‐resolution investigation of obsidian prehistoric circulation patterns in the southern Caucasus and north‐western Iran</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent archaeological research has highlighted the potential role of mobile pastoral groups in the diffusion of raw materials and technological innovations between the southern Caucasus and north‐western Iran from the Neolithic onwards.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45599247" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent archaeological research has highlighted the potential role of mobile pastoral groups in the diffusion of raw materials and technological innovations between the southern Caucasus and north‐western Iran from the Neolithic onwards. Two successive projects, PAST‐OBS and SCOPE, were designed to explore this hypothesis through the study of obsidian consumption patterns from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age using a flexible analytical strategy that considerably extends the scale of obsidian studies in these regions. By focusing on the exploitation of obsidian at multiple levels—local, regional and interregional—we hope to unravel the complexity of the obsidian networks under study. The aim of this paper is to present (1) a reassessment of the work so far carried out by previous obsidian studies, with a view to homogenizing and to clarifying the nomenclature in use; and (2) an introduction to the PAST‐OBS and SCOPE projects in order to initiate a discussion of our preliminary results.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45599247" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53316db803bebf2c3638b8dacdf78d4f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69080846,"asset_id":45599247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69080846/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="379301" href="https://univ-bordeaux.academia.edu/MarieOrange">Marie Orange</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="379301" type="text/json">{"id":379301,"first_name":"Marie","last_name":"Orange","domain_name":"univ-bordeaux","page_name":"MarieOrange","display_name":"Marie Orange","profile_url":"https://univ-bordeaux.academia.edu/MarieOrange?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/379301/117563/156519793/s65_marie.orange.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45599247">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45599247"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/FXLeBourdonnec">François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45599247'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45599247').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45599247 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45599247"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45599247, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45599247", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45599247 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45599247; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45599247"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45599247 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45599247"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45599247; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45599247]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45599247").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45599247").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45599247"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3792" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology">Iranian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3792" type="text/json">{"id":3792,"name":"Iranian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11199" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology">Neolithic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11199" type="text/json">{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12591" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic_Archaeology">Chalcolithic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12591" type="text/json">{"id":12591,"name":"Chalcolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13509" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology">Bronze Age Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13509" type="text/json">{"id":13509,"name":"Bronze Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45599247]'), work: {"id":45599247,"title":"Extending the scale of obsidian studies: Towards a high‐resolution investigation of obsidian prehistoric circulation patterns in the southern Caucasus and north‐western Iran","created_at":"2021-03-23T01:58:12.415-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45599247/Extending_the_scale_of_obsidian_studies_Towards_a_high_resolution_investigation_of_obsidian_prehistoric_circulation_patterns_in_the_southern_Caucasus_and_north_western_Iran?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_45599247","summary":"Recent archaeological research has highlighted the potential role of mobile pastoral groups in the diffusion of raw materials and technological innovations between the southern Caucasus and north‐western Iran from the Neolithic onwards. Two successive projects, PAST‐OBS and SCOPE, were designed to explore this hypothesis through the study of obsidian consumption patterns from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age using a flexible analytical strategy that considerably extends the scale of obsidian studies in these regions. By focusing on the exploitation of obsidian at multiple levels—local, regional and interregional—we hope to unravel the complexity of the obsidian networks under study. The aim of this paper is to present (1) a reassessment of the work so far carried out by previous obsidian studies, with a view to homogenizing and to clarifying the nomenclature in use; and (2) an introduction to the PAST‐OBS and SCOPE projects in order to initiate a discussion of our preliminary results.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69080846,"asset_id":45599247,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":379301,"first_name":"Marie","last_name":"Orange","domain_name":"univ-bordeaux","page_name":"MarieOrange","display_name":"Marie Orange","profile_url":"https://univ-bordeaux.academia.edu/MarieOrange?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/379301/117563/156519793/s65_marie.orange.png"},{"id":73012971,"first_name":"François-Xavier","last_name":"Le Bourdonnec","domain_name":"u-bordeaux3","page_name":"FXLeBourdonnec","display_name":"François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec","profile_url":"https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/FXLeBourdonnec?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/73012971/18659814/18619916/s65_fran_ois-xavier.le_bourdonnec.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3792,"name":"Iranian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":12591,"name":"Chalcolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chalcolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":13509,"name":"Bronze Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":24071,"name":"Archaeology of Caucasus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Caucasus?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44511548" data-work_id="44511548" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44511548/EXCAVATION_OF_AN_OBSIDIAN_CRAFT_WORKSHOP_AT_TEOTIHUACAN_MEXICO">EXCAVATION OF AN OBSIDIAN CRAFT WORKSHOP AT TEOTIHUACAN, MEXICO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The original research by the Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP) identified a large number of obsidian workshops within Teotihuacan based on surface concentrations of production debris. Clark (1986b) questioned the validity of these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44511548" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The original research by the Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP) identified a large number of obsidian workshops within Teotihuacan based on surface concentrations of production debris. Clark (1986b) questioned the validity of these identifications and called for subsurface excavation to confirm the presence of in situ workshop locales. This article summarizes the results from the excavation of one of the obsidian workshops identified in the Tlajinga district of Teotihuacan at Compound 17:S3E1 (Compound 17). We describe the excavations, discuss the lithic technology, and examine the subsurface contexts in terms of what they tell us about in situ obsidian craft activity. Excavations confirm that Compound 17 was a locus of large-scale obsidian craft production during the Classic period. While only a single test case, these results suggest that surface remains at Teotihuacan can be a useful guide in identifying craft production areas when they are confirmed through subsurface testing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44511548" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95533537f78a2f7f2e3f08041999e69d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64951626,"asset_id":44511548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64951626/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1238637" href="https://puce-ec.academia.edu/EricDyrdahl">Eric Dyrdahl</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1238637" type="text/json">{"id":1238637,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Dyrdahl","domain_name":"puce-ec","page_name":"EricDyrdahl","display_name":"Eric Dyrdahl","profile_url":"https://puce-ec.academia.edu/EricDyrdahl?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1238637/450728/37133804/s65_eric.dyrdahl.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44511548 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44511548"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44511548, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44511548", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44511548]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44511548").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44511548").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44511548"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17759" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17759" type="text/json">{"id":17759,"name":"Teotihuacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teotihuacan?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44511548]'), work: {"id":44511548,"title":"EXCAVATION OF AN OBSIDIAN CRAFT WORKSHOP AT TEOTIHUACAN, MEXICO","created_at":"2020-11-16T07:34:43.387-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44511548/EXCAVATION_OF_AN_OBSIDIAN_CRAFT_WORKSHOP_AT_TEOTIHUACAN_MEXICO?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_44511548","summary":"The original research by the Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP) identified a large number of obsidian workshops within Teotihuacan based on surface concentrations of production debris. Clark (1986b) questioned the validity of these identifications and called for subsurface excavation to confirm the presence of in situ workshop locales. This article summarizes the results from the excavation of one of the obsidian workshops identified in the Tlajinga district of Teotihuacan at Compound 17:S3E1 (Compound 17). We describe the excavations, discuss the lithic technology, and examine the subsurface contexts in terms of what they tell us about in situ obsidian craft activity. Excavations confirm that Compound 17 was a locus of large-scale obsidian craft production during the Classic period. While only a single test case, these results suggest that surface remains at Teotihuacan can be a useful guide in identifying craft production areas when they are confirmed through subsurface testing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64951626,"asset_id":44511548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1238637,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Dyrdahl","domain_name":"puce-ec","page_name":"EricDyrdahl","display_name":"Eric Dyrdahl","profile_url":"https://puce-ec.academia.edu/EricDyrdahl?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1238637/450728/37133804/s65_eric.dyrdahl.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":17759,"name":"Teotihuacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teotihuacan?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15520638 coauthored" data-work_id="15520638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15520638/Reading_the_Bones_Reading_the_Stones_An_Integrated_Approach_to_Reconstructing_Activity_Patterns_at_Neolithic_%C3%87atalh%C3%B6yu_k">Reading the Bones, Reading the Stones An Integrated Approach to Reconstructing Activity Patterns at Neolithic Çatalhöyük</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15520638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a3502909101f655d951c284fa03f441e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38706799,"asset_id":15520638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38706799/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="235410" href="https://mcmaster.academia.edu/LilianDogiama">Lilian Dogiama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="235410" type="text/json">{"id":235410,"first_name":"Lilian","last_name":"Dogiama","domain_name":"mcmaster","page_name":"LilianDogiama","display_name":"Lilian Dogiama","profile_url":"https://mcmaster.academia.edu/LilianDogiama?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/235410/51737/3403785/s65_lilian.dogiama.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-15520638">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-15520638"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leicester.academia.edu/ChristinaTsoraki">Christina Tsoraki</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-15520638'), placement: 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una revisión de la Tradición Teuchitlán, poniéndola al día con los nuevos fechamientos, nuevos datos de investigación y una recapitulación de su origen.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20649961" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ec9403919d768feb8067028bb63d2bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41485132,"asset_id":20649961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73528" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_Raw_Material_Sources">Stone Raw Material Sources</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="73528" type="text/json">{"id":73528,"name":"Stone Raw Material Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_Raw_Material_Sources?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7754469]'), work: {"id":7754469,"title":"Kárpátalja paleolit nyersanyag-felhasználási régióinak elsődleges 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data-card-contents-for-ri="11199" type="text/json">{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23032" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribology">Tribology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23032" type="text/json">{"id":23032,"name":"Tribology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44434" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Anatolian_Neolithic">Central Anatolian Neolithic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44434" type="text/json">{"id":44434,"name":"Central Anatolian Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Anatolian_Neolithic?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1886705]'), work: {"id":1886705,"title":"Multi-scale tribological analysis of the technique of manufacture of an obsidian bracelet from As ̧ ıklı Höyük (Aceramic Neolithic, Central Anatolia)","created_at":"2012-08-25T18:08:10.133-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1886705/Multi_scale_tribological_analysis_of_the_technique_of_manufacture_of_an_obsidian_bracelet_from_As_%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_Aceramic_Neolithic_Central_Anatolia_?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_1886705","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":26708815,"asset_id":1886705,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1189977,"first_name":"Mihriban","last_name":"Ozbasaran","domain_name":"istanbul","page_name":"MihribanOzbasaran","display_name":"Mihriban Ozbasaran","profile_url":"https://istanbul.academia.edu/MihribanOzbasaran?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1189977/747756/928229/s65_mihriban.ozbasaran.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":23032,"name":"Tribology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":44434,"name":"Central Anatolian Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Anatolian_Neolithic?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52330664" data-work_id="52330664" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52330664/International_Obsidian_Conference_2019">International Obsidian Conference 2019</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52330664" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14d056e88004ddc6230fc3f6cf6c3248" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69645196,"asset_id":52330664,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69645196/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52330664 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52330664"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52330664; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52330664]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52330664").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52330664").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52330664"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_">Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12523" type="text/json">{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52330664]'), work: {"id":52330664,"title":"International Obsidian Conference 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(Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":24828,"name":"Lithics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics?f_ri=15326"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":38032,"name":"Lithic Technology (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age?f_ri=15326"},{"id":63826,"name":"Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_of_the_Carpathian_Basin?f_ri=15326"},{"id":80691,"name":"Raw materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raw_materials?f_ri=15326"},{"id":86719,"name":"Copper age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper_age?f_ri=15326"},{"id":90740,"name":"Geoarchaeology and Lithic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology_and_Lithic_Studies?f_ri=15326"},{"id":99317,"name":"Lithic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Analysis?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":268155,"name":"Obsidian in Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19853355" data-work_id="19853355" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19853355/A_Review_of_Obsidian_Studies_in_Iran_Provenance_the_Source_and_Prehistoric_Obsidian_Artifacts_Researches_and_Questions">A Review of Obsidian Studies in Iran, Provenance the Source and Prehistoric Obsidian Artifacts, Researches and Questions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Obsidian artifacts is frequently used materials in prehistory and found widely in archaeological sites. Provenance studies of obsidian has been an issue of intense research and debate between archaeologists and geologists. Since different... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19853355" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Obsidian artifacts is frequently used materials in prehistory and found widely in archaeological sites. Provenance studies of obsidian has been an issue of intense research and debate between archaeologists and geologists. Since different provenance studies has been carried out from 1960s up to 2015 in Anatolia and Caucasus but obsidian studies in Iran is in very early stage and consider as terra incognita. Recent research on obsidian mines in Iran accompanying by prehistoric obsidian provenance studies give this opportunity to establish of a database, as well as outlining a horizon and perspective for obsidian studies in Iran. This paper will try to discuss about old and new researches on obsidian studies in Iran. After a brief introduction of obsidian studies in Anatolia and Caucasus by Renfrew, Cann and Dixon, the paper addresses some recent researches that took place concerning obsidian provenance studies in Iran. The implications of the findings will discuss along with limitations and future research directions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19853355" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fb58be63db9be1b64a164cc0c216b11e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44907800,"asset_id":19853355,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44907800/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="512109" href="https://tabriziau.academia.edu/AkbarAbedi">Akbar Abedi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="512109" type="text/json">{"id":512109,"first_name":"Akbar","last_name":"Abedi","domain_name":"tabriziau","page_name":"AkbarAbedi","display_name":"Akbar Abedi","profile_url":"https://tabriziau.academia.edu/AkbarAbedi?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/512109/654796/20562204/s65_akbar.abedi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19853355 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19853355"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19853355, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19853355", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19853355]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19853355").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19853355").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19853355"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109642" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing">Obsidian Sourcing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109642" type="text/json">{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="268155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory">Obsidian in Prehistory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="268155" type="text/json">{"id":268155,"name":"Obsidian in Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="280359" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians">Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="280359" type="text/json">{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19853355]'), work: {"id":19853355,"title":"A Review of Obsidian Studies in Iran, Provenance the Source and Prehistoric Obsidian Artifacts, Researches and Questions","created_at":"2015-12-27T09:39:44.807-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19853355/A_Review_of_Obsidian_Studies_in_Iran_Provenance_the_Source_and_Prehistoric_Obsidian_Artifacts_Researches_and_Questions?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_19853355","summary":"Obsidian artifacts is frequently used materials in prehistory and found widely in archaeological sites. Provenance studies of obsidian has been an issue of intense research and debate between archaeologists and geologists. Since different provenance studies has been carried out from 1960s up to 2015 in Anatolia and Caucasus but obsidian studies in Iran is in very early stage and consider as terra incognita. Recent research on obsidian mines in Iran accompanying by prehistoric obsidian provenance studies give this opportunity to establish of a database, as well as outlining a horizon and perspective for obsidian studies in Iran. This paper will try to discuss about old and new researches on obsidian studies in Iran. After a brief introduction of obsidian studies in Anatolia and Caucasus by Renfrew, Cann and Dixon, the paper addresses some recent researches that took place concerning obsidian provenance studies in Iran. The implications of the findings will discuss along with limitations and future research directions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44907800,"asset_id":19853355,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":512109,"first_name":"Akbar","last_name":"Abedi","domain_name":"tabriziau","page_name":"AkbarAbedi","display_name":"Akbar Abedi","profile_url":"https://tabriziau.academia.edu/AkbarAbedi?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/512109/654796/20562204/s65_akbar.abedi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":268155,"name":"Obsidian in Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79386344" data-work_id="79386344" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79386344/Understanding_Aztatlan_Material_Culture_Through_Archaeometry">Understanding Aztatlan Material Culture Through Archaeometry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79386344" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2d2781037a4ca3053daafd10207c46eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86119068,"asset_id":79386344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86119068/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7232490" href="https://missouristate.academia.edu/DanielPierce">Daniel Pierce</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7232490" type="text/json">{"id":7232490,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Pierce","domain_name":"missouristate","page_name":"DanielPierce","display_name":"Daniel Pierce","profile_url":"https://missouristate.academia.edu/DanielPierce?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7232490/16968970/17172280/s65_daniel.pierce.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79386344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79386344"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79386344, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79386344", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79386344]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79386344").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79386344").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79386344"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4651" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology">Mesoamerican Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4651" type="text/json">{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry">Archaeometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12807" type="text/json">{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Analysis_Archaeology_">Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16007" type="text/json">{"id":16007,"name":"Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Analysis_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79386344]'), work: {"id":79386344,"title":"Understanding Aztatlan Material Culture Through Archaeometry","created_at":"2022-05-18T07:55:10.849-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79386344/Understanding_Aztatlan_Material_Culture_Through_Archaeometry?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_79386344","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86119068,"asset_id":79386344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7232490,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Pierce","domain_name":"missouristate","page_name":"DanielPierce","display_name":"Daniel Pierce","profile_url":"https://missouristate.academia.edu/DanielPierce?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7232490/16968970/17172280/s65_daniel.pierce.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":16007,"name":"Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Analysis_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":24827,"name":"Ceramics (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":35681,"name":"West Mexico (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/West_Mexico_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":81946,"name":"Arcaheology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arcaheology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326"},{"id":672896,"name":"Aztatlán archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aztatlan_archaeology?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1228374" data-work_id="1228374" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1228374/Evaluation_of_Archaeological_Sourcing_Techniques_Reconsidering_and_Re_Deriving_Hughes_Four_Fold_Assessment_Scheme">Evaluation of Archaeological Sourcing Techniques: Reconsidering and Re-Deriving Hughes’ Four-Fold Assessment Scheme</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As new analytical techniques are brought to sourcing studies and researchers compile data into multi-laboratory databases, systematic evaluation is essen- tial. The importance of precision and accuracy is clear, but Shackley (2005) also... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1228374" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As new analytical techniques are brought to sourcing studies and researchers compile data into multi-laboratory databases, systematic evaluation is essen- tial. The importance of precision and accuracy is clear, but Shackley (2005) also calls for “archaeological accuracy.” Hughes (1998) offered a framework to consider precision and accuracy alongside the concepts of reliability and valid- ity. These four concepts can serve as a foundation to evaluate archaeological sourcing data and procedures, but adoption of Hughes’ framework has been nearly nonexistent. Unfortunately, Hughes’ formulations of reliability and va- lidity are somewhat at odds with their conventional definitions, hindering his framework. Furthermore, the concept of precision has become outdated in an- alytical circles, and superfluous terms (e.g., replicability) have emerged in the archaeological literature. Here I consider the basis of Hughes’ framework and how its four components, when applied consistently by the sourcing commu- nity, are best applied to evaluate analytical data and techniques for sourcing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1228374" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91972835c7111c9c7ad7c6728a2af14e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37991860,"asset_id":1228374,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37991860/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41148" href="https://yale.academia.edu/ElleryFrahm">Ellery Frahm</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41148" type="text/json">{"id":41148,"first_name":"Ellery","last_name":"Frahm","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"ElleryFrahm","display_name":"Ellery Frahm","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/ElleryFrahm?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41148/13477/131266943/s65_ellery.frahm.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1228374 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1228374"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1228374, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1228374", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1228374 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1228374; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1228374"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1228374 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1228374"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1228374; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1228374]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1228374").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1228374").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1228374"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1750" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment">Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1750" type="text/json">{"id":1750,"name":"Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation_Research">Evaluation Research</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2807" type="text/json">{"id":2807,"name":"Evaluation Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation_Research?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1228374]'), work: {"id":1228374,"title":"Evaluation of Archaeological Sourcing Techniques: Reconsidering and Re-Deriving Hughes’ Four-Fold Assessment Scheme","created_at":"2012-01-19T23:22:08.925-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1228374/Evaluation_of_Archaeological_Sourcing_Techniques_Reconsidering_and_Re_Deriving_Hughes_Four_Fold_Assessment_Scheme?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_1228374","summary":"As new analytical techniques are brought to sourcing studies and researchers compile data into multi-laboratory databases, systematic evaluation is essen- tial. The importance of precision and accuracy is clear, but Shackley (2005) also calls for “archaeological accuracy.” Hughes (1998) offered a framework to consider precision and accuracy alongside the concepts of reliability and valid- ity. These four concepts can serve as a foundation to evaluate archaeological sourcing data and procedures, but adoption of Hughes’ framework has been nearly nonexistent. Unfortunately, Hughes’ formulations of reliability and va- lidity are somewhat at odds with their conventional definitions, hindering his framework. Furthermore, the concept of precision has become outdated in an- alytical circles, and superfluous terms (e.g., replicability) have emerged in the archaeological literature. Here I consider the basis of Hughes’ framework and how its four components, when applied consistently by the sourcing commu- nity, are best applied to evaluate analytical data and techniques for sourcing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37991860,"asset_id":1228374,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41148,"first_name":"Ellery","last_name":"Frahm","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"ElleryFrahm","display_name":"Ellery Frahm","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/ElleryFrahm?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41148/13477/131266943/s65_ellery.frahm.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":1750,"name":"Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":2807,"name":"Evaluation Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation_Research?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":3316,"name":"Archaeological Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Science?f_ri=15326"},{"id":5346,"name":"Archaeological Method \u0026 Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Method_and_Theory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":6288,"name":"Measurement and Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Measurement_and_Evaluation?f_ri=15326"},{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":25048,"name":"Archaeological Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Chemistry?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326"},{"id":1019256,"name":"Assessment and Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_and_Measurement-1?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35531718" data-work_id="35531718" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35531718/First_hands_on_tests_of_an_Olympus_Vanta_portable_XRF_analyzer_to_source_Armenian_obsidian_artifacts">First hands-on tests of an Olympus Vanta portable XRF analyzer to source Armenian obsidian artifacts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A few of the major portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) manufacturers have released new models in the past year or two. The technologies in these latest instruments have advanced so much that any performance appraisals more than a few years... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35531718" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A few of the major portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) manufacturers have released new models in the past year or two. The technologies in these latest instruments have advanced so much that any performance appraisals more than a few years old are essentially obsolete. The X-ray detectors and associated electronics inside a new pXRF analyzer are more sensitive than those in many benchtop models just five or ten years ago. This report summarizes initial tests of the newest pXRF series – Vanta – from Olympus Scientific Solutions. The tests included sourcing 40 artifacts from two Early Bronze Age settlements in Armenia and analyzing a collection of geological specimens that had been measured using other techniques, including neutron activation analysis and energy- dispersive XRF at the University of Missouri Research Reactor as well as electron probe X-ray microanalysis at the University of Minnesota. This report is intended as documentation of the Vanta’s high potential for non-destructive obsidian artifact sourcing that is fast, precise, and accurate.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35531718" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc79f618a664895d070a58d08d9ad898" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55396903,"asset_id":35531718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55396903/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41148" href="https://yale.academia.edu/ElleryFrahm">Ellery Frahm</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41148" type="text/json">{"id":41148,"first_name":"Ellery","last_name":"Frahm","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"ElleryFrahm","display_name":"Ellery Frahm","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/ElleryFrahm?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41148/13477/131266943/s65_ellery.frahm.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35531718 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35531718"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35531718, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35531718", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35531718 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35531718; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35531718"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35531718 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35531718"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35531718; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35531718]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35531718").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35531718").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35531718"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3316" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Science">Archaeological Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3316" type="text/json">{"id":3316,"name":"Archaeological Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Science?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry">Archaeometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12807" type="text/json">{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35531718]'), work: {"id":35531718,"title":"First hands-on tests of an Olympus Vanta portable XRF analyzer to source Armenian obsidian artifacts","created_at":"2017-12-28T18:05:58.963-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35531718/First_hands_on_tests_of_an_Olympus_Vanta_portable_XRF_analyzer_to_source_Armenian_obsidian_artifacts?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_35531718","summary":"A few of the major portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) manufacturers have released new models in the past year or two. The technologies in these latest instruments have advanced so much that any performance appraisals more than a few years old are essentially obsolete. The X-ray detectors and associated electronics inside a new pXRF analyzer are more sensitive than those in many benchtop models just five or ten years ago. This report summarizes initial tests of the newest pXRF series – Vanta – from Olympus Scientific Solutions. The tests included sourcing 40 artifacts from two Early Bronze Age settlements in Armenia and analyzing a collection of geological specimens that had been measured using other techniques, including neutron activation analysis and energy- dispersive XRF at the University of Missouri Research Reactor as well as electron probe X-ray microanalysis at the University of Minnesota. This report is intended as documentation of the Vanta’s high potential for non-destructive obsidian artifact sourcing that is fast, precise, and accurate.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55396903,"asset_id":35531718,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41148,"first_name":"Ellery","last_name":"Frahm","domain_name":"yale","page_name":"ElleryFrahm","display_name":"Ellery Frahm","profile_url":"https://yale.academia.edu/ElleryFrahm?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41148/13477/131266943/s65_ellery.frahm.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":3316,"name":"Archaeological Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Science?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":21261,"name":"X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-Ray_Fluorescence_XRF_Spectroscopy?f_ri=15326"},{"id":25048,"name":"Archaeological Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Chemistry?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_693047 coauthored" data-work_id="693047" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/693047/Source_Determination_of_Obsidian_from_Kansas_Archaeological_Sites_Using_Compositional_Analysis">Source Determination of Obsidian from Kansas Archaeological Sites Using Compositional Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Obsidian is an excellent material for the manufacture of stone tools. While there are no tool-quality obsidian sources in Kansas, obsidian is recovered from Kansas archaeological sites. Our recent chemical analysis of 189 samples of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_693047" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Obsidian is an excellent material for the manufacture of stone tools. While there are no tool-quality obsidian sources in Kansas, obsidian is recovered from Kansas archaeological <br />sites. Our recent chemical analysis of 189 samples of obsidian from Kansas archaeological sites demonstrates that obsidian was most commonly used after about 1000 BP, and that sources in New Mexico were used most frequently, but not exclusively. Obsidian sources in Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah also were used, particularly by populations in the northern half of the Kansas, and three samples matched a source area in Hidalgo, Mexico. Finally, there is evidence that specific obsidian source use was a function not only of proximity, but of social relationships as well."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/693047" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dbda1e82aa014f6f614609650470c5f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31642643,"asset_id":693047,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31642643/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="885774" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JaniceMcLean">Janice McLean</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="885774" type="text/json">{"id":885774,"first_name":"Janice","last_name":"McLean","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JaniceMcLean","display_name":"Janice McLean","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JaniceMcLean?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/885774/322592/382471/s65_janice.mclean.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-693047">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-693047"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://kshs.academia.edu/RobertHoard">Robert J Hoard</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-693047'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-693047').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_693047 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="693047"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 693047, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_693047", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_693047 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 693047; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_693047"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_693047 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="693047"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 693047; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=693047]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_693047").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_693047").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="693047"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade">Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32014" type="text/json">{"id":32014,"name":"Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50743" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compositional_Analysis">Compositional Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50743" type="text/json">{"id":50743,"name":"Compositional Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compositional_Analysis?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70455" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeometry">Archeometry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70455" type="text/json">{"id":70455,"name":"Archeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeometry?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=693047]'), work: {"id":693047,"title":"Source Determination of Obsidian from Kansas Archaeological Sites Using Compositional Analysis","created_at":"2011-06-24T00:23:31.458-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/693047/Source_Determination_of_Obsidian_from_Kansas_Archaeological_Sites_Using_Compositional_Analysis?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_693047","summary":"\"Obsidian is an excellent material for the manufacture of stone tools. While there are no tool-quality obsidian sources in Kansas, obsidian is recovered from Kansas archaeological\r\nsites. Our recent chemical analysis of 189 samples of obsidian from Kansas archaeological sites demonstrates that obsidian was most commonly used after about 1000 BP, and that sources in New Mexico were used most frequently, but not exclusively. Obsidian sources in Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah also were used, particularly by populations in the northern half of the Kansas, and three samples matched a source area in Hidalgo, Mexico. Finally, there is evidence that specific obsidian source use was a function not only of proximity, but of social relationships as well.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31642643,"asset_id":693047,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":885774,"first_name":"Janice","last_name":"McLean","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JaniceMcLean","display_name":"Janice McLean","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JaniceMcLean?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/885774/322592/382471/s65_janice.mclean.jpg"},{"id":137655,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Hoard","domain_name":"kshs","page_name":"RobertHoard","display_name":"Robert J Hoard","profile_url":"https://kshs.academia.edu/RobertHoard?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/137655/315553/373862/s65_robert.hoard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":32014,"name":"Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":50743,"name":"Compositional Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compositional_Analysis?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":70455,"name":"Archeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeometry?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":124478,"name":"XRF","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/XRF?f_ri=15326"},{"id":229326,"name":"Kansas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kansas?f_ri=15326"},{"id":984799,"name":"Central Great Plains USA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Great_Plains_USA?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49590229" data-work_id="49590229" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49590229/Atenciones_riesgos_y_usos_de_la_obsidiana_como_patrimonio_arqueol%C3%B3gico_y_natural">Atenciones riesgos y usos de la obsidiana como patrimonio arqueológico y natural</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La industria de obsidiana refleja aspectos económicos, políticos y sociales desde la época Prehispánica hasta la Colonia. En este trabajo ofrecemos una perspectiva arqueológica e histórica; examinamos la explotación prehispánica, colonial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49590229" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La industria de obsidiana refleja aspectos económicos, políticos y sociales desde la época Prehispánica hasta la Colonia. En este trabajo ofrecemos una perspectiva arqueológica e histórica; examinamos la explotación prehispánica, colonial y contemporánea; y analizamos la<br />problemática que presentan los yacimientos (patrimonio arqueológico y geológico) en México. Al localizar estos depósitos, proponemos una zonificación por medio de un marco normativo y legal que favorecería la conservación de la obsidiana como un recurso natural y social.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49590229" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="28b33a734c29900896394429fd8cf2d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67909758,"asset_id":49590229,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67909758/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4977855" href="https://diaarroba.academia.edu/BenjaminEsquedaLazodelaVega">Benjamín Esqueda Lazo de la Vega</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4977855" type="text/json">{"id":4977855,"first_name":"Benjamín","last_name":"Esqueda Lazo de la Vega","domain_name":"diaarroba","page_name":"BenjaminEsquedaLazodelaVega","display_name":"Benjamín Esqueda Lazo de la Vega","profile_url":"https://diaarroba.academia.edu/BenjaminEsquedaLazodelaVega?f_ri=15326","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49590229 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49590229"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49590229, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49590229", }); 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Obsydian na bezdyskusyjnie doskonale właściwości tnące i jako materiał "medyczny" znany i wykorzystywany od wieków w... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44036834" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Zastosowanie obsydianu i szkła w medycynie, a przede wszystkim w chirurgii to temat stosunkowo słabo zbadany. Obsydian na bezdyskusyjnie doskonale właściwości tnące i jako materiał "medyczny" znany i wykorzystywany od wieków w naodleglejszych rejonach świata. Czemu zatem nie stosuje się go powszechnie w wysoko cywilizowanych krajach?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44036834" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="61643cf845b8f96f17cec6e07d41c73d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64376088,"asset_id":44036834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64376088/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="122231807" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OlgaNachy%C5%82a">Olga Nachyła</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="122231807" type="text/json">{"id":122231807,"first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Nachyła","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlgaNachyła","display_name":"Olga Nachyła","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlgaNachy%C5%82a?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122231807/31085189/28689376/s65_olga.nachy_a.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44036834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44036834"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44036834, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44036834", }); 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Obsydian na bezdyskusyjnie doskonale właściwości tnące i jako materiał \"medyczny\" znany i wykorzystywany od wieków w naodleglejszych rejonach świata. Czemu zatem nie stosuje się go powszechnie w wysoko cywilizowanych krajach? ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64376088,"asset_id":44036834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":122231807,"first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Nachyła","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlgaNachyła","display_name":"Olga Nachyła","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlgaNachy%C5%82a?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122231807/31085189/28689376/s65_olga.nachy_a.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":651,"name":"Plastic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Surgery?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":2273,"name":"History of 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class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">All papers published in SCIENTIFIC CULTURE journal for 2020.(<a href="http://www.sci-cult.com" rel="nofollow">www.sci-cult.com</a>) See all papers since 2015 and free download.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44335563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca597dda74e101bdc97521dce7542855" rel="nofollow" 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Volcanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silicic_Volcanism?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":296108,"name":"Calderas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calderas?f_ri=15326"},{"id":303507,"name":"Oligocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oligocene?f_ri=15326"},{"id":417165,"name":"Volcanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanism?f_ri=15326"},{"id":1413290,"name":"Colorado Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorado_Geology?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36131914" data-work_id="36131914" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36131914/A_Controlled_Archery_Experiment_to_Determine_the_Presence_of_the_Bow_Technology_in_Prehistoric_North_America">A Controlled Archery Experiment to Determine the Presence of the Bow Technology in Prehistoric North America</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Projectile points decrease in size over time in North America, with a significant decline in size about 1000 BP. Most archaeologists today posit that this sudden change links to the invention or adoption of bow and arrow technology;... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36131914" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Projectile points decrease in size over time in North America, with a<br />significant decline in size about 1000 BP. Most archaeologists today posit that this sudden change links to the invention or adoption of bow and arrow technology; however, without a large dated sample of preserved wooden bows, arrows, darts, and atlatls it is difficult to know<br />if this is correct. Via a controlled archery experiment, projectile point performance and function is tested to determine if there is a point at which large projectile points render a bow less functional. Through use of a precisely mounted traditional bow, modern arrows, high speed cameras, and ballistics gel, these performance characteristics were tested. The results of the experiment support the hypothesis that there is a size threshold. However, points of relatively large sizes, comparable in weight to that of Paleoindian lanceolate points, prove to be functional and mostly accurate when fired from a bow. The implications of these results are far reaching, as they may change our perception of projectile point functions based on size, and could suggest an earlier appearance of the bow in the Americas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36131914" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2d6d03a10054323551a6e502c668015b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56024759,"asset_id":36131914,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56024759/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11126682" href="https://uwyo.academia.edu/DavidIanHowe">David Ian Howe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11126682" type="text/json">{"id":11126682,"first_name":"David Ian","last_name":"Howe","domain_name":"uwyo","page_name":"DavidIanHowe","display_name":"David Ian Howe","profile_url":"https://uwyo.academia.edu/DavidIanHowe?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11126682/16104426/30438665/s65_david_ian.howe.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36131914 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36131914"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36131914, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36131914", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36131914]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36131914").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36131914").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36131914"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36131914]'), work: {"id":36131914,"title":"A Controlled Archery Experiment to Determine the Presence of the Bow Technology in Prehistoric North America","created_at":"2018-03-11T09:46:25.123-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36131914/A_Controlled_Archery_Experiment_to_Determine_the_Presence_of_the_Bow_Technology_in_Prehistoric_North_America?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_36131914","summary":"Projectile points decrease in size over time in North America, with a\nsignificant decline in size about 1000 BP. Most archaeologists today posit that this sudden change links to the invention or adoption of bow and arrow technology; however, without a large dated sample of preserved wooden bows, arrows, darts, and atlatls it is difficult to know\nif this is correct. Via a controlled archery experiment, projectile point performance and function is tested to determine if there is a point at which large projectile points render a bow less functional. Through use of a precisely mounted traditional bow, modern arrows, high speed cameras, and ballistics gel, these performance characteristics were tested. The results of the experiment support the hypothesis that there is a size threshold. However, points of relatively large sizes, comparable in weight to that of Paleoindian lanceolate points, prove to be functional and mostly accurate when fired from a bow. The implications of these results are far reaching, as they may change our perception of projectile point functions based on size, and could suggest an earlier appearance of the bow in the Americas.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56024759,"asset_id":36131914,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11126682,"first_name":"David Ian","last_name":"Howe","domain_name":"uwyo","page_name":"DavidIanHowe","display_name":"David Ian Howe","profile_url":"https://uwyo.academia.edu/DavidIanHowe?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11126682/16104426/30438665/s65_david_ian.howe.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19727,"name":"North America (Prehistoric Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_America_Prehistoric_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":25730,"name":"Behavioral Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Ecology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=15326"},{"id":78365,"name":"Bow and Arrow Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bow_and_Arrow_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":79928,"name":"Archery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archery?f_ri=15326"},{"id":80299,"name":"Projectile Points","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Projectile_Points?f_ri=15326"},{"id":84388,"name":"Lithic Projectile Hafting system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Projectile_Hafting_system?f_ri=15326"},{"id":85581,"name":"Projectile Point Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Projectile_Point_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":221662,"name":"Arrowheads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arrowheads?f_ri=15326"},{"id":236113,"name":"Clovis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clovis?f_ri=15326"},{"id":363860,"name":"Projectile Point","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Projectile_Point?f_ri=15326"},{"id":476520,"name":"Controlled Experiments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Controlled_Experiments?f_ri=15326"},{"id":499334,"name":"Folsom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Folsom?f_ri=15326"},{"id":699820,"name":"Atlatl","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlatl?f_ri=15326"},{"id":712595,"name":"Ballistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ballistics?f_ri=15326"},{"id":1178632,"name":"Bows and Arrows","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bows_and_Arrows?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29450813 coauthored" data-work_id="29450813" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29450813/CHAPTER_12_Glass_Buttes_Oregon_14_000_Years_of_Continuous_Use">CHAPTER 12 Glass Buttes, Oregon: 14,000 Years of Continuous Use</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">For at least fourteen millennia Glass Buttes, one of the largest obsidian sources in Oregon, has been a source of high quality toolstone for Native American flintknappers. In the last century non- native historic and modern flintknappers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29450813" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">For at least fourteen millennia Glass Buttes, one of the largest obsidian sources in Oregon, has been a source of high quality toolstone for Native American flintknappers. In the last century non- native historic and modern flintknappers as well as rock hounds have also used this resource for its abundant, colorful and high quality obsidian. This paper will discuss the quantity and quality of Glass Buttes obsidian, archaeological work that has been done there, the prehistoric and modern use of the resource, new archaeological findings, and the Bureau of Land Management protection plan for this valuable resource.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29450813" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d5a2e829fecf9366340206119ba3220" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49895174,"asset_id":29450813,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49895174/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="627459" href="https://uvic.academia.edu/DanStueber">Dan Stueber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="627459" type="text/json">{"id":627459,"first_name":"Dan","last_name":"Stueber","domain_name":"uvic","page_name":"DanStueber","display_name":"Dan Stueber","profile_url":"https://uvic.academia.edu/DanStueber?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/627459/216829/253271/s65_dan.stueber.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29450813">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29450813"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CraigSkinner1">Craig Skinner</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29450813'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29450813').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29450813 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29450813"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29450813, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29450813", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29450813 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29450813; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29450813"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29450813 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29450813"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29450813; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29450813]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29450813").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29450813").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29450813"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology">Lithic Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19728" type="text/json">{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136162" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Quarries">Prehistoric Quarries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136162" type="text/json">{"id":136162,"name":"Prehistoric Quarries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Quarries?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="268155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory">Obsidian in Prehistory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="268155" type="text/json">{"id":268155,"name":"Obsidian in Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29450813]'), work: {"id":29450813,"title":"CHAPTER 12 Glass Buttes, Oregon: 14,000 Years of Continuous Use","created_at":"2016-10-26T16:42:28.185-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29450813/CHAPTER_12_Glass_Buttes_Oregon_14_000_Years_of_Continuous_Use?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_29450813","summary":"For at least fourteen millennia Glass Buttes, one of the largest obsidian sources in Oregon, has been a source of high quality toolstone for Native American flintknappers. In the last century non- native historic and modern flintknappers as well as rock hounds have also used this resource for its abundant, colorful and high quality obsidian. This paper will discuss the quantity and quality of Glass Buttes obsidian, archaeological work that has been done there, the prehistoric and modern use of the resource, new archaeological findings, and the Bureau of Land Management protection plan for this valuable resource.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49895174,"asset_id":29450813,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":627459,"first_name":"Dan","last_name":"Stueber","domain_name":"uvic","page_name":"DanStueber","display_name":"Dan Stueber","profile_url":"https://uvic.academia.edu/DanStueber?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/627459/216829/253271/s65_dan.stueber.jpg"},{"id":29026306,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"Skinner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CraigSkinner1","display_name":"Craig Skinner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CraigSkinner1?f_ri=15326","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":136162,"name":"Prehistoric Quarries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Quarries?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":268155,"name":"Obsidian in Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36506614" data-work_id="36506614" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36506614/Gomez_Coutouly_Emergence_Microblade_Technology_NE_Asia_2018">Gomez_Coutouly_Emergence_Microblade_Technology_NE_Asia_2018</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article is a critical review of published data from the earliest evidence of pressure knapped microblade technology from various regions in Northeast Asia (Siberia, Korea, China, Mongolia, Japan, Sakhalin, and Russian Far East),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36506614" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article is a critical review of published data from the earliest evidence of pressure knapped microblade technology from various regions in Northeast Asia (Siberia, Korea, China, Mongolia, Japan, Sakhalin, and Russian Far East), including discussions not only on published dates, but also on published artifacts (drawings and photos) relating to these assemblages. The issue concerning the geographical and chronological origin of micro-blade technology in Northeast Asia remains a widely debated concern, not only as new data emerge, but also due to researchers having different definitions of the term " microblade " and " microblade core ". In this case, by microblade technology, I refer to the systematic production of microblades using the pressure knapping technique. I therefore review the data in light of this defining feature and conclude that, based on the present state of research, pressure knapping microblade technology probably emerged in the Far East (China, Korea, or Japan) around 30,000–25,000 cal BP, in spite of most authors considering that microblade technology emerged in southern Siberia 40,000–35,000 years ago. In the discussion section, I argue about the potential role of obsidian in the emergence of pressure knapped microblade technology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36506614" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1f3d602eab0a62ff9b33c6c953550ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56426734,"asset_id":36506614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56426734/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5093668" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/YanAxelG%C3%B3mezCoutouly">Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5093668" type="text/json">{"id":5093668,"first_name":"Yan Axel","last_name":"Gómez Coutouly","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"YanAxelGómezCoutouly","display_name":"Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/YanAxelG%C3%B3mezCoutouly?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5093668/2226969/3103985/s65_yan_axel.gomez_coutouly.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36506614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36506614"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36506614, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36506614", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36506614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36506614; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36506614"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36506614 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36506614"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36506614; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36506614]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36506614").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36506614").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36506614"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9733" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberia">Siberia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9733" type="text/json">{"id":9733,"name":"Siberia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberia?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36506614]'), work: {"id":36506614,"title":"Gomez_Coutouly_Emergence_Microblade_Technology_NE_Asia_2018","created_at":"2018-04-26T05:52:32.512-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36506614/Gomez_Coutouly_Emergence_Microblade_Technology_NE_Asia_2018?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_36506614","summary":"This article is a critical review of published data from the earliest evidence of pressure knapped microblade technology from various regions in Northeast Asia (Siberia, Korea, China, Mongolia, Japan, Sakhalin, and Russian Far East), including discussions not only on published dates, but also on published artifacts (drawings and photos) relating to these assemblages. The issue concerning the geographical and chronological origin of micro-blade technology in Northeast Asia remains a widely debated concern, not only as new data emerge, but also due to researchers having different definitions of the term \" microblade \" and \" microblade core \". In this case, by microblade technology, I refer to the systematic production of microblades using the pressure knapping technique. I therefore review the data in light of this defining feature and conclude that, based on the present state of research, pressure knapping microblade technology probably emerged in the Far East (China, Korea, or Japan) around 30,000–25,000 cal BP, in spite of most authors considering that microblade technology emerged in southern Siberia 40,000–35,000 years ago. In the discussion section, I argue about the potential role of obsidian in the emergence of pressure knapped microblade technology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56426734,"asset_id":36506614,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5093668,"first_name":"Yan Axel","last_name":"Gómez Coutouly","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"YanAxelGómezCoutouly","display_name":"Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/YanAxelG%C3%B3mezCoutouly?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5093668/2226969/3103985/s65_yan_axel.gomez_coutouly.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":9733,"name":"Siberia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberia?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":24828,"name":"Lithics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics?f_ri=15326"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":34853,"name":"Northeast Asian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northeast_Asian_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":38032,"name":"Lithic Technology (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":96482,"name":"Beringia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beringia?f_ri=15326"},{"id":99317,"name":"Lithic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Analysis?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":127039,"name":"Siberian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberian_Studies?f_ri=15326"},{"id":142784,"name":"Microblades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microblades?f_ri=15326"},{"id":268155,"name":"Obsidian in Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":433889,"name":"Russian Far East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Far_East?f_ri=15326"},{"id":592583,"name":"Siberian archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberian_archaeology?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33289115 coauthored" data-work_id="33289115" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33289115/El_Paso_Phase_Obsidian_Procurement_in_Southern_New_Mexico_Implications_for_Jornada_Mogollon_Regional_Interaction_and_Exchange">El Paso Phase Obsidian Procurement in Southern New Mexico: Implications for Jornada Mogollon Regional Interaction and Exchange</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Archaeologists rarely discuss obsidian procurement for the Jornada Mogollon region, but studies indicate groups overwhelmingly used obsidian that can be collected from Rio Grande gravels in southern New Mexico. Obsidian artifacts from two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33289115" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Archaeologists rarely discuss obsidian procurement for the Jornada Mogollon region, but studies indicate groups overwhelmingly used obsidian that can be collected from Rio Grande gravels in southern New Mexico. Obsidian artifacts from two El Paso phase sites, Cottonwood Spring Pueblo and Madera Quemada Pueblo, were sourced using EDXRF spectrometry to determine: (1) is there evidence for non-Rio Grande gravel obsidian use, (2) is there a difference between the sites, and (3) how do these sourcing results compare with contemporaneous sites in the Casas Grandes area? This study has implications for regional interaction and exchange as the results validate the high frequency of Cerro Toledo Rhyolite obsidian in assemblages, but non-Rio Grande gravel sources were also used including Mule Creek projectile points. People at both sites used similar sources, with a few noted exceptions. Furthermore, groups in the Jornada Mogollon and Casas Grandes regions utilized dramatically different sources.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33289115" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ded0a9f57ff50dfb77e61f56796cad7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53837606,"asset_id":33289115,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53837606/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="409767" href="https://lanl.academia.edu/SeanGDolan">Sean G Dolan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="409767" type="text/json">{"id":409767,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Dolan","domain_name":"lanl","page_name":"SeanGDolan","display_name":"Sean G Dolan","profile_url":"https://lanl.academia.edu/SeanGDolan?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/409767/129058/19731642/s65_sean.dolan.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33289115">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33289115"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MylesMiller">Myles Miller</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/MStevenSHACKLEY">M. Steven SHACKLEY</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://utsa.academia.edu/KristinCorl">Kristin Corl</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33289115'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33289115').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33289115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33289115"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33289115, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33289115", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33289115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33289115; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33289115"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33289115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33289115"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33289115; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33289115]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33289115").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33289115").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33289115"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology">Lithic Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19728" type="text/json">{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22562" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southwestern_Archaeology">Southwestern Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22562" type="text/json">{"id":22562,"name":"Southwestern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southwestern_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33289115]'), work: {"id":33289115,"title":"El Paso Phase Obsidian Procurement in Southern New Mexico: Implications for Jornada Mogollon Regional Interaction and Exchange","created_at":"2017-06-01T06:17:59.945-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33289115/El_Paso_Phase_Obsidian_Procurement_in_Southern_New_Mexico_Implications_for_Jornada_Mogollon_Regional_Interaction_and_Exchange?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_33289115","summary":"Archaeologists rarely discuss obsidian procurement for the Jornada Mogollon region, but studies indicate groups overwhelmingly used obsidian that can be collected from Rio Grande gravels in southern New Mexico. Obsidian artifacts from two El Paso phase sites, Cottonwood Spring Pueblo and Madera Quemada Pueblo, were sourced using EDXRF spectrometry to determine: (1) is there evidence for non-Rio Grande gravel obsidian use, (2) is there a difference between the sites, and (3) how do these sourcing results compare with contemporaneous sites in the Casas Grandes area? This study has implications for regional interaction and exchange as the results validate the high frequency of Cerro Toledo Rhyolite obsidian in assemblages, but non-Rio Grande gravel sources were also used including Mule Creek projectile points. People at both sites used similar sources, with a few noted exceptions. Furthermore, groups in the Jornada Mogollon and Casas Grandes regions utilized dramatically different sources.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53837606,"asset_id":33289115,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":409767,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Dolan","domain_name":"lanl","page_name":"SeanGDolan","display_name":"Sean G Dolan","profile_url":"https://lanl.academia.edu/SeanGDolan?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/409767/129058/19731642/s65_sean.dolan.jpg"},{"id":322553,"first_name":"Myles","last_name":"Miller","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MylesMiller","display_name":"Myles Miller","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MylesMiller?f_ri=15326","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":27165057,"first_name":"M. Steven","last_name":"SHACKLEY","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"MStevenSHACKLEY","display_name":"M. Steven SHACKLEY","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/MStevenSHACKLEY?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27165057/7686482/18246120/s65_m._steven.shackley.jpg"},{"id":11776197,"first_name":"Kristin","last_name":"Corl","domain_name":"utsa","page_name":"KristinCorl","display_name":"Kristin Corl","profile_url":"https://utsa.academia.edu/KristinCorl?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11776197/3394833/4612077/s65_kristin.corl.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":22562,"name":"Southwestern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southwestern_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":91346,"name":"Casas Grandes archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Casas_Grandes_archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":269447,"name":"Jornada Mogollon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jornada_Mogollon?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35233743" data-work_id="35233743" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35233743/Chipped_Stone_Raw_Materials_from_the_Garrett_Allen_Elk_Mountain_Site_48CR301">Chipped Stone Raw Materials from the Garrett Allen (Elk Mountain) Site, 48CR301</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article, chipped stone raw materials from the Garrett Allen site are discussed, with emphasis on the stone tools. As indicated by Eckles (2013), who discussed the history of investigations and chronology, this is one of several... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35233743" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article, chipped stone raw materials from the Garrett Allen site are discussed, with emphasis on the stone tools. As indicated by Eckles (2013), who discussed the history of investigations and chronology, this is one of several articles to be presented on various aspects of the site’s artifacts. One of the remarkable aspects of the site is the variety of chipped stone raw materials. There are varieties of flint, chert, agate, jasper, chalcedony, petrified wood, orthoquartzite, metaquartzite, quartz, silicified shale, clinker, non-volcanic glass, obsidian, and basalt from many parts of Wyoming and surrounding states. The diversity of raw material types is present throughout the cultural deposits. There is no knappable tool stone on site; the only rocks are small fragments of drab, buff-gray sandstone. All culturally manipulated lithic materials were therefore brought into the site, many from considerable distances. The site is located on private land in southeastern Carbon County, Wyoming at the northern end of the Medicine Bow Mountains and southern edge of the Hanna-Carbon Basin. It is within a homoclinal valley near the perennial Quealy Spring. Deposits are primarily alluvial, derived from the surrounding geological formations (Hayter 1981:31).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35233743" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2639b3a2b49054684529acbff461f6ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55092721,"asset_id":35233743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55092721/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17472950" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdamGuinard">Adam Guinard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17472950" type="text/json">{"id":17472950,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Guinard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AdamGuinard","display_name":"Adam Guinard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AdamGuinard?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17472950/4857621/18772340/s65_adam.guinard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35233743 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35233743"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35233743, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35233743", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35233743]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35233743").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35233743").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35233743"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">42</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3607" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collections_Management">Collections Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3607" type="text/json">{"id":3607,"name":"Collections Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collections_Management?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35233743]'), work: {"id":35233743,"title":"Chipped Stone Raw Materials from the Garrett Allen (Elk Mountain) Site, 48CR301","created_at":"2017-11-23T08:28:07.089-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35233743/Chipped_Stone_Raw_Materials_from_the_Garrett_Allen_Elk_Mountain_Site_48CR301?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_35233743","summary":"In this article, chipped stone raw materials from the Garrett Allen site are discussed, with emphasis on the stone tools. As indicated by Eckles (2013), who discussed the history of investigations and chronology, this is one of several articles to be presented on various aspects of the site’s artifacts. One of the remarkable aspects of the site is the variety of chipped stone raw materials. There are varieties of flint, chert, agate, jasper, chalcedony, petrified wood, orthoquartzite, metaquartzite, quartz, silicified shale, clinker, non-volcanic glass, obsidian, and basalt from many parts of Wyoming and surrounding states. The diversity of raw material types is present throughout the cultural deposits. There is no knappable tool stone on site; the only rocks are small fragments of drab, buff-gray sandstone. All culturally manipulated lithic materials were therefore brought into the site, many from considerable distances. The site is located on private land in southeastern Carbon County, Wyoming at the northern end of the Medicine Bow Mountains and southern edge of the Hanna-Carbon Basin. It is within a homoclinal valley near the perennial Quealy Spring. Deposits are primarily alluvial, derived from the surrounding geological formations (Hayter 1981:31).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55092721,"asset_id":35233743,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17472950,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Guinard","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AdamGuinard","display_name":"Adam Guinard","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AdamGuinard?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17472950/4857621/18772340/s65_adam.guinard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":3607,"name":"Collections Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collections_Management?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":4924,"name":"Fieldwork in Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fieldwork_in_Anthropology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":19956,"name":"Plains (Archaeology in North America)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plains_Archaeology_in_North_America_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":22563,"name":"Plains Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plains_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":23333,"name":"Collecting and Collections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collecting_and_Collections?f_ri=15326"},{"id":24828,"name":"Lithics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics?f_ri=15326"},{"id":30823,"name":"Lithic Refitting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Refitting?f_ri=15326"},{"id":38032,"name":"Lithic Technology (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":47664,"name":"Lithic Resource Identification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Resource_Identification?f_ri=15326"},{"id":49908,"name":"Lithic Industries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Industries?f_ri=15326"},{"id":50809,"name":"Archaeology, Lithic analysis and organization of technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_Lithic_analysis_and_organization_of_technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":70444,"name":"Raw material Characterization (Chipped Stone)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raw_material_Characterization_Chipped_Stone_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":72379,"name":"Prehistoric Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":80299,"name":"Projectile Points","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Projectile_Points?f_ri=15326"},{"id":80691,"name":"Raw materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raw_materials?f_ri=15326"},{"id":88075,"name":"Late Archaic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Archaic_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":90740,"name":"Geoarchaeology and Lithic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology_and_Lithic_Studies?f_ri=15326"},{"id":91632,"name":"Stone tools","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_tools?f_ri=15326"},{"id":91637,"name":"Stone tool technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stone_tool_technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":99317,"name":"Lithic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Analysis?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108399,"name":"Chert Source Provenance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chert_Source_Provenance_Studies?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":130158,"name":"Movement of obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement_of_obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":142733,"name":"Wyoming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wyoming?f_ri=15326"},{"id":165445,"name":"Carbon Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Dating?f_ri=15326"},{"id":176370,"name":"Quartzite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quartzite?f_ri=15326"},{"id":183211,"name":"Experimental Archaeology x Lithics x Lithic Technology x Quartz industries x Typology x Archaeology x Archaeometry x Archaeological Method \u0026 Theory x Archaeological Science x Statistical Methods in Archaeology x","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology_x_Lithics_x_Lithic_Technology_x_Quartz_industries_x_Typology_x_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":255048,"name":"Prehistoric Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":268155,"name":"Obsidian in Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":272888,"name":"Wyoming History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wyoming_History?f_ri=15326"},{"id":350570,"name":"Chipped Stone Artefacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chipped_Stone_Artefacts?f_ri=15326"},{"id":390298,"name":"Wyoming Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wyoming_Geology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":582153,"name":"Collections Based Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collections_Based_Research?f_ri=15326"},{"id":651190,"name":"Rocky Mountain Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rocky_Mountain_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":738925,"name":"Wyoming Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wyoming_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":1670773,"name":"Radio Carbon Dating Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radio_Carbon_Dating_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36610304" data-work_id="36610304" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36610304/MADD%C4%B0_K%C3%9CLT%C3%9CR_%C3%87ALI%C5%9EMALARI_%C3%87ER%C3%87EVES%C4%B0NDE_NESNELER_%C5%9EEYLER_AKT%C3%96RLER_VE_TA%C5%9EIN_%C3%96TES%C4%B0N%C4%B0_G%C3%96RMEK_%C3%9CZER%C4%B0NE_D%C3%9C%C5%9E%C3%9CNCELER">MADDİ KÜLTÜR ÇALIŞMALARI ÇERÇEVESİNDE NESNELER, ŞEYLER, AKTÖRLER VE TAŞIN " ÖTESİNİ GÖRMEK " ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNCELER</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Öz Bu yazı öncelikle " maddi kültür " çalışmalarının referans aldığı genel kavramlara ve yaklaşımlara değinmektedir. Bu çerçevede, taşın bu kavramlarla hangi bağlamda kesiştiğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu vurguyu, taşın maddi olarak... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36610304" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Öz <br />Bu yazı öncelikle " maddi kültür " çalışmalarının referans aldığı genel kavramlara ve yaklaşımlara değinmektedir. Bu çerçevede, taşın bu kavramlarla hangi bağlamda kesiştiğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu vurguyu, taşın maddi olarak varoluşundan ya da başka bir deyişle teknolojik, tipolojik ve niceliksel olarak ne anlam ifade ettiğinden farklı olarak nesne, obje, şey ve aktörler bağlamında yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle yazının ilerleyişi içinde öncelikle maddi kültürün " maddi " bileşenlerini niteleyen kelime ve kavram tanımlamaları, daha sonra ortak ya da farklı yönleri vurgulanarak yapılmıştır. Bunun ardından maddi kültür çalışmalarının kısa tarihçesi ve disiplinlerarası yönü ele alınmıştır. " Nesneler " başlığı altında kullanım ve anlamları konusunda genel tanımlar yapılmış, insan-nesne ilişkileri ve insanların nesneleri hangi şekillerde kullandıkları hususunda post-yapısalcı teorinin arkeoloji, antropoloji ve sosyolojinin esas aldığı ortak kuramları nasıl etkilediği değerlendirilmiştir. Yazının " Sonuç yerine " bölümünde çağdaş maddi kültür çalışmalarının sıklıkla referans aldığı duyusal ve fenomenolojik/olgusal arkeoloji bakış açısıyla tarih öncesi çağ boyunca çok yoğun olarak kullanılan bir kayaç olan obsidiyenin nesne bağlamında daha farklı anlamları da olabileceğine vurgular yapılmıştır. <br /> <br />Abstract <br />This paper primarily refers to the general terms and paradigm of what " material culture " studies are based on, as well as emphasizing how stone intersects with these notions within this context. The article aims to underline this emphasis within the contexts of object, thing and actors; instead of the stone's substantial existence or i.e. different from the significative meanings as technological, typological and quantitative of the stone tool. Therefore, the article primarily defines the words and concepts describing the physical components of the material culture, by putting an emphasis on common or different aspects. Thereafter, the brief historical background and interdisciplinary aspects of the material culture studies are being discussed. In the interest of explaining the human-object relations and the ways of use of the objects by human are being evaluated, the general definitions of the use and meanings are established under the title of " Objects " , the ways how Post-structuralist theory, archaeology, anthropology and sociology</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36610304" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c4669f4e58511ca609a1950b070a329" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56539490,"asset_id":36610304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56539490/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3067427" href="https://ahbv.academia.edu/G%C3%B6khanMustafao%C4%9Flu">Gökhan Mustafaoğlu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3067427" type="text/json">{"id":3067427,"first_name":"Gökhan","last_name":"Mustafaoğlu","domain_name":"ahbv","page_name":"GökhanMustafaoğlu","display_name":"Gökhan Mustafaoğlu","profile_url":"https://ahbv.academia.edu/G%C3%B6khanMustafao%C4%9Flu?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3067427/10524914/20341773/s65_g_khan.mustafao_lu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36610304 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36610304"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36610304, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36610304", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36610304]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36610304").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36610304").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36610304"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2473" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies">Material Culture Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2473" type="text/json">{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36610304]'), work: {"id":36610304,"title":"MADDİ KÜLTÜR ÇALIŞMALARI ÇERÇEVESİNDE NESNELER, ŞEYLER, AKTÖRLER VE TAŞIN \" ÖTESİNİ GÖRMEK \" ÜZERİNE DÜŞÜNCELER","created_at":"2018-05-11T04:52:05.501-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36610304/MADD%C4%B0_K%C3%9CLT%C3%9CR_%C3%87ALI%C5%9EMALARI_%C3%87ER%C3%87EVES%C4%B0NDE_NESNELER_%C5%9EEYLER_AKT%C3%96RLER_VE_TA%C5%9EIN_%C3%96TES%C4%B0N%C4%B0_G%C3%96RMEK_%C3%9CZER%C4%B0NE_D%C3%9C%C5%9E%C3%9CNCELER?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_36610304","summary":"Öz \r\nBu yazı öncelikle \" maddi kültür \" çalışmalarının referans aldığı genel kavramlara ve yaklaşımlara değinmektedir. Bu çerçevede, taşın bu kavramlarla hangi bağlamda kesiştiğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu vurguyu, taşın maddi olarak varoluşundan ya da başka bir deyişle teknolojik, tipolojik ve niceliksel olarak ne anlam ifade ettiğinden farklı olarak nesne, obje, şey ve aktörler bağlamında yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle yazının ilerleyişi içinde öncelikle maddi kültürün \" maddi \" bileşenlerini niteleyen kelime ve kavram tanımlamaları, daha sonra ortak ya da farklı yönleri vurgulanarak yapılmıştır. Bunun ardından maddi kültür çalışmalarının kısa tarihçesi ve disiplinlerarası yönü ele alınmıştır. \" Nesneler \" başlığı altında kullanım ve anlamları konusunda genel tanımlar yapılmış, insan-nesne ilişkileri ve insanların nesneleri hangi şekillerde kullandıkları hususunda post-yapısalcı teorinin arkeoloji, antropoloji ve sosyolojinin esas aldığı ortak kuramları nasıl etkilediği değerlendirilmiştir. Yazının \" Sonuç yerine \" bölümünde çağdaş maddi kültür çalışmalarının sıklıkla referans aldığı duyusal ve fenomenolojik/olgusal arkeoloji bakış açısıyla tarih öncesi çağ boyunca çok yoğun olarak kullanılan bir kayaç olan obsidiyenin nesne bağlamında daha farklı anlamları da olabileceğine vurgular yapılmıştır. \r\n\r\nAbstract \r\nThis paper primarily refers to the general terms and paradigm of what \" material culture \" studies are based on, as well as emphasizing how stone intersects with these notions within this context. The article aims to underline this emphasis within the contexts of object, thing and actors; instead of the stone's substantial existence or i.e. different from the significative meanings as technological, typological and quantitative of the stone tool. Therefore, the article primarily defines the words and concepts describing the physical components of the material culture, by putting an emphasis on common or different aspects. Thereafter, the brief historical background and interdisciplinary aspects of the material culture studies are being discussed. In the interest of explaining the human-object relations and the ways of use of the objects by human are being evaluated, the general definitions of the use and meanings are established under the title of \" Objects \" , the ways how Post-structuralist theory, archaeology, anthropology and sociology","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56539490,"asset_id":36610304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3067427,"first_name":"Gökhan","last_name":"Mustafaoğlu","domain_name":"ahbv","page_name":"GökhanMustafaoğlu","display_name":"Gökhan Mustafaoğlu","profile_url":"https://ahbv.academia.edu/G%C3%B6khanMustafao%C4%9Flu?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3067427/10524914/20341773/s65_g_khan.mustafao_lu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9147015" data-work_id="9147015" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9147015/Obsidianul_din_a%C5%9Fez%C4%83rile_aurignaciene_din_nord_vestul_Rom%C3%A2niei_Obsidian_in_Aurignacian_sites_from_north_west_Romania">Obsidianul din aşezările aurignaciene din nord-vestul României / Obsidian in Aurignacian sites from north-west Romania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The earliest obsidian tools on the current territory of Romania were found in the Aurignacian sites from North-West. In the other regions, they were produced later, in the Gravettian (one bladelet in Transilvania and eight bladelets in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9147015" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The earliest obsidian tools on the current territory of Romania were found in the Aurignacian sites from North-West. In the other regions, they were produced later, in the Gravettian (one bladelet in Transilvania and eight bladelets in Moldavia). <br />In the North-Western Romania, the production of obsidian tools is significant, starting with the Aurignacian and evolving through the Gravettian. In the Aurignacian sites, retouched tools were found associated with cores and blanks. Remetea Şomoş I is presumed to be a site where obsidian tools were produced, since the lithics found here were illustrating all the reduction stages of the chaîne opératoire from core preparation to discarded pieces. The knapping methods employed were frontal or semi-turning. The core edge exhibits traces of fine abrasion. Among the non-retouched blanks (blades and flakes), 90% of them were obtained through the use of hard percussion. The knapper was striking very close to the edge of striking surface (a method that produces thin platforms). The blades are narrow (average = 17.5 mm) and thin (average = 3.5 mm). The most numerous pieces are the small flakes (between 10 and 30 mm). The tools (side scrapers, end scrapers, truncations) were generally made on bigger blades (average length = 23.87 mm, average width = 6.37 mm). The obsidian is mostly black, but there are some grey pieces as well. No obsidian deposits were found through geological and archaeological surveys, bur some perlite deposits were identified. <br />The specialists consider the obsidian to originate from more remote areas, as Eastern Slovakia or Tokay (Hungary). Even though the surveys didn’t reveal any obsidian deposit, it is likely that they existed at the time, since the obsidian usually occurs together with the perlite. As for the populations, it is possible that they came from other regions of the Great Carpathian Depression: Eastern Slovakia, Southern Poland or Southern Ukraine. They had the knowledge and skills for knapping the obsidian, which allowed them to work the volcanic glass from the local deposits.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9147015" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="89f5d07c5a9d805a7cd71d9f4bf940e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35434128,"asset_id":9147015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35434128/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="549000" href="https://soltdm.academia.edu/RoxanaDobrescu">Roxana Dobrescu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="549000" type="text/json">{"id":549000,"first_name":"Roxana","last_name":"Dobrescu","domain_name":"soltdm","page_name":"RoxanaDobrescu","display_name":"Roxana Dobrescu","profile_url":"https://soltdm.academia.edu/RoxanaDobrescu?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/549000/197903/19458957/s65_roxana.dobrescu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9147015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9147015"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9147015, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9147015", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9147015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9147015").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9147015").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9147015"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30825" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30825" type="text/json">{"id":30825,"name":"Upper Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9147015]'), work: {"id":9147015,"title":"Obsidianul din aşezările aurignaciene din nord-vestul României / Obsidian in Aurignacian sites from north-west Romania","created_at":"2014-11-05T14:26:21.966-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9147015/Obsidianul_din_a%C5%9Fez%C4%83rile_aurignaciene_din_nord_vestul_Rom%C3%A2niei_Obsidian_in_Aurignacian_sites_from_north_west_Romania?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_9147015","summary":"The earliest obsidian tools on the current territory of Romania were found in the Aurignacian sites from North-West. In the other regions, they were produced later, in the Gravettian (one bladelet in Transilvania and eight bladelets in Moldavia). \r\nIn the North-Western Romania, the production of obsidian tools is significant, starting with the Aurignacian and evolving through the Gravettian. In the Aurignacian sites, retouched tools were found associated with cores and blanks. Remetea Şomoş I is presumed to be a site where obsidian tools were produced, since the lithics found here were illustrating all the reduction stages of the chaîne opératoire from core preparation to discarded pieces. The knapping methods employed were frontal or semi-turning. The core edge exhibits traces of fine abrasion. Among the non-retouched blanks (blades and flakes), 90% of them were obtained through the use of hard percussion. The knapper was striking very close to the edge of striking surface (a method that produces thin platforms). The blades are narrow (average = 17.5 mm) and thin (average = 3.5 mm). The most numerous pieces are the small flakes (between 10 and 30 mm). The tools (side scrapers, end scrapers, truncations) were generally made on bigger blades (average length = 23.87 mm, average width = 6.37 mm). The obsidian is mostly black, but there are some grey pieces as well. No obsidian deposits were found through geological and archaeological surveys, bur some perlite deposits were identified. \r\nThe specialists consider the obsidian to originate from more remote areas, as Eastern Slovakia or Tokay (Hungary). Even though the surveys didn’t reveal any obsidian deposit, it is likely that they existed at the time, since the obsidian usually occurs together with the perlite. As for the populations, it is possible that they came from other regions of the Great Carpathian Depression: Eastern Slovakia, Southern Poland or Southern Ukraine. They had the knowledge and skills for knapping the obsidian, which allowed them to work the volcanic glass from the local deposits. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35434128,"asset_id":9147015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":549000,"first_name":"Roxana","last_name":"Dobrescu","domain_name":"soltdm","page_name":"RoxanaDobrescu","display_name":"Roxana Dobrescu","profile_url":"https://soltdm.academia.edu/RoxanaDobrescu?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/549000/197903/19458957/s65_roxana.dobrescu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":30825,"name":"Upper Paleolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Paleolithic?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32441756" data-work_id="32441756" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32441756/Streit_K_2016_The_6th_Millennium_Cal_BCE_Wadi_Rabah_Culture_Further_Excavations_at_Ein_el_Jarba_in_the_Jezreel_Valley_Israel_2015_2016_Strata_Bulletin_of_the_Anglo_Israel_Archaeological_Society_34_13_40">Streit, K. 2016. “The 6th Millennium Cal. BCE Wadi Rabah Culture: Further Excavations at Ein el-Jarba in the Jezreel Valley, Israel (2015–2016).” Strata. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 34:13–40.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32441756" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24eeb6b749578d35b70fca64d8521986" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52633836,"asset_id":32441756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52633836/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1101215" href="https://oeaw.academia.edu/KatharinaStreit">Katharina Streit</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1101215" type="text/json">{"id":1101215,"first_name":"Katharina","last_name":"Streit","domain_name":"oeaw","page_name":"KatharinaStreit","display_name":"Katharina Streit","profile_url":"https://oeaw.academia.edu/KatharinaStreit?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1101215/383069/19700423/s65_katharina.streit.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32441756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32441756"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32441756, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32441756", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32441756]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32441756").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32441756").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32441756"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology">Near Eastern Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="397" type="text/json">{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_">Pottery (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2213" type="text/json">{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32441756]'), work: {"id":32441756,"title":"Streit, K. 2016. “The 6th Millennium Cal. BCE Wadi Rabah Culture: Further Excavations at Ein el-Jarba in the Jezreel Valley, Israel (2015–2016).” Strata. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 34:13–40.","created_at":"2017-04-15T23:53:06.440-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32441756/Streit_K_2016_The_6th_Millennium_Cal_BCE_Wadi_Rabah_Culture_Further_Excavations_at_Ein_el_Jarba_in_the_Jezreel_Valley_Israel_2015_2016_Strata_Bulletin_of_the_Anglo_Israel_Archaeological_Society_34_13_40?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_32441756","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52633836,"asset_id":32441756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1101215,"first_name":"Katharina","last_name":"Streit","domain_name":"oeaw","page_name":"KatharinaStreit","display_name":"Katharina Streit","profile_url":"https://oeaw.academia.edu/KatharinaStreit?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1101215/383069/19700423/s65_katharina.streit.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":2213,"name":"Pottery (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":3016,"name":"Mediterranean prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":3787,"name":"Levantine Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Levantine_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15327,"name":"Flint (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flint_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":17562,"name":"Death and Burial (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_and_Burial_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=15326"},{"id":32296,"name":"Ancient Near East (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":47206,"name":"Pottery Typology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pottery_Typology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":172645,"name":"Archaeology of the Southern Levant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Southern_Levant?f_ri=15326"},{"id":213891,"name":"Halaf culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Halaf_culture?f_ri=15326"},{"id":247086,"name":"Jezreel Valley","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jezreel_Valley?f_ri=15326"},{"id":253319,"name":"Halafian culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Halafian_culture?f_ri=15326"},{"id":293688,"name":"Archaeology of the Levant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Levant?f_ri=15326"},{"id":712348,"name":"Early Chalcolithic Wadi Rabah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Chalcolithic_Wadi_Rabah?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26698948 coauthored" data-work_id="26698948" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26698948/Aztec_Obsidian_Industries">Aztec Obsidian Industries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The prehispanic societies of central and western Mesoamerica used obsidian in great quantities, as it was the primary material used for manufacturing domestic cutting tools and weapons and could also be fashioned into ornamental and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26698948" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The prehispanic societies of central and western Mesoamerica used obsidian in great quantities, as it was the primary material used for manufacturing domestic cutting tools and weapons and could also be fashioned into ornamental and religious items. Unlike in the Old World, utilitarian lithic industries were never supplanted by metallurgy, with the result that successive urban civilizations continued to exploit obsidian mines and leave exceedingly dense concentrations of production byproducts (or debitage) at quarry sites and workshops located within settlements. Aztec obsidian industries built upon millennia of earlier societies, including the Teotihuacano and Toltec, yet they significantly intensified and expanded obsidian extraction and exchange systems (Pastrana 2007; Pastrana and Domínguez 2009). Like their predecessors, the Aztecs were attracted to the physical properties of obsidian because it is a sharp, durable stone that fractures cleanly and predictably. The reductive and sequential nature of production activities and the chemical regularity of obsidian originating from the same volcanic flows are additional properties that have attracted archaeologists, because a wide range of economic activities can be discerned from the material. These include the stages of manufacturing represented in different contexts, knapper skill level, relative intensity of production, and exchange routes and zones of cultural contact. Aztec archaeological sites contain a wide range of types of obsidian artifacts, such as bifacial knives and projectile points used as weapons, pressure blades and unifacial scrapers used in many domestic activities , and polished bodily adornments, vessels, and mirrors used as status and ritual items. As a result, multiple dimensions of Aztec society may be addressed through obsidian analysis. This summary outlines the major raw material sources, artifact</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26698948" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ab2a201132953ee642a32d92debf11a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46980821,"asset_id":26698948,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46980821/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="103545" href="https://bu.academia.edu/DavidCarballo">David M Carballo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="103545" type="text/json">{"id":103545,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Carballo","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"DavidCarballo","display_name":"David M Carballo","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/DavidCarballo?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/103545/28496/18470191/s65_david.carballo.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26698948">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26698948"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://inah.academia.edu/AlejandroPastrana">Alejandro Pastrana</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26698948'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26698948').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26698948 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26698948"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26698948; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26698948]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26698948").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26698948").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26698948"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4651" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology">Mesoamerican Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4651" type="text/json">{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology">Lithic Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19728" type="text/json">{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26698948]'), work: {"id":26698948,"title":"Aztec Obsidian Industries","created_at":"2016-07-03T10:40:34.960-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26698948/Aztec_Obsidian_Industries?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_26698948","summary":"The prehispanic societies of central and western Mesoamerica used obsidian in great quantities, as it was the primary material used for manufacturing domestic cutting tools and weapons and could also be fashioned into ornamental and religious items. Unlike in the Old World, utilitarian lithic industries were never supplanted by metallurgy, with the result that successive urban civilizations continued to exploit obsidian mines and leave exceedingly dense concentrations of production byproducts (or debitage) at quarry sites and workshops located within settlements. Aztec obsidian industries built upon millennia of earlier societies, including the Teotihuacano and Toltec, yet they significantly intensified and expanded obsidian extraction and exchange systems (Pastrana 2007; Pastrana and Domínguez 2009). Like their predecessors, the Aztecs were attracted to the physical properties of obsidian because it is a sharp, durable stone that fractures cleanly and predictably. The reductive and sequential nature of production activities and the chemical regularity of obsidian originating from the same volcanic flows are additional properties that have attracted archaeologists, because a wide range of economic activities can be discerned from the material. These include the stages of manufacturing represented in different contexts, knapper skill level, relative intensity of production, and exchange routes and zones of cultural contact. Aztec archaeological sites contain a wide range of types of obsidian artifacts, such as bifacial knives and projectile points used as weapons, pressure blades and unifacial scrapers used in many domestic activities , and polished bodily adornments, vessels, and mirrors used as status and ritual items. As a result, multiple dimensions of Aztec society may be addressed through obsidian analysis. This summary outlines the major raw material sources, artifact","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46980821,"asset_id":26698948,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":103545,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Carballo","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"DavidCarballo","display_name":"David M Carballo","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/DavidCarballo?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/103545/28496/18470191/s65_david.carballo.jpg"},{"id":12684654,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Pastrana","domain_name":"inah","page_name":"AlejandroPastrana","display_name":"Alejandro Pastrana","profile_url":"https://inah.academia.edu/AlejandroPastrana?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12684654/11210817/12509137/s65_alejandro.pastrana.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4651,"name":"Mesoamerican Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoamerican_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39691563 coauthored" data-work_id="39691563" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39691563/Excavaciones_de_casas_en_la_ciudad_azteca_de_Yautepec_Morelos_M%C3%A9xico">Excavaciones de casas en la ciudad azteca de Yautepec, Morelos, México</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is a detailed report on excavations of houses at the Aztec-period site of Yautepec in central Mexico. It contains descriptions of excavations and artifacts, as well as technical studies. As the most complete report yet published on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39691563" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is a detailed report on excavations of houses at the Aztec-period site of Yautepec in central Mexico. It contains descriptions of excavations and artifacts, as well as technical studies. As the most complete report yet published on an Aztec-period city, the results illuminate issues from social inequality to commercial exchange.<br /><br />Este es un informe detallado sobre las excavaciones de casas en el sitio del período Azteca de Yautepec en el centro de México. Contiene descripciones de excavaciones y artefactos, así como  estudios técnicos. Como el informe más completo publicado en un sitio urbano del período azteca, los resultados ilustran los problemas desde la desigualdad social al intercambio comercial.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39691563" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="101ce2f5cd2e3529e5a17cb712178477" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59861207,"asset_id":39691563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59861207/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31409200" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BARpublishing">BAR Publishing - British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31409200" type="text/json">{"id":31409200,"first_name":"BAR Publishing","last_name":"- British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BARpublishing","display_name":"BAR Publishing - British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BARpublishing?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31409200/19172211/19118242/s65_british_archaeological_reports._oxford_ltd.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39691563">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39691563"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://pitt.academia.edu/RuthFaumanFichman">Ruth Fauman Fichman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39691563'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39691563').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39691563 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39691563"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39691563; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39691563]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39691563").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39691563").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39691563"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1034" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratigraphy">Stratigraphy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1034" type="text/json">{"id":1034,"name":"Stratigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratigraphy?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5095" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aztecs">Aztecs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5095" type="text/json">{"id":5095,"name":"Aztecs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aztecs?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7655" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History">Architectural History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7655" type="text/json">{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39691563]'), work: {"id":39691563,"title":"Excavaciones de casas en la ciudad azteca de Yautepec, Morelos, México","created_at":"2019-06-25T07:29:38.675-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39691563/Excavaciones_de_casas_en_la_ciudad_azteca_de_Yautepec_Morelos_M%C3%A9xico?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_39691563","summary":"This is a detailed report on excavations of houses at the Aztec-period site of Yautepec in central Mexico. It contains descriptions of excavations and artifacts, as well as technical studies. As the most complete report yet published on an Aztec-period city, the results illuminate issues from social inequality to commercial exchange.\n\nEste es un informe detallado sobre las excavaciones de casas en el sitio del período Azteca de Yautepec en el centro de México. Contiene descripciones de excavaciones y artefactos, así como estudios técnicos. Como el informe más completo publicado en un sitio urbano del período azteca, los resultados ilustran los problemas desde la desigualdad social al intercambio comercial.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59861207,"asset_id":39691563,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31409200,"first_name":"BAR Publishing","last_name":"- British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BARpublishing","display_name":"BAR Publishing - British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BARpublishing?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31409200/19172211/19118242/s65_british_archaeological_reports._oxford_ltd.jpg"},{"id":1238184,"first_name":"Ruth","last_name":"Fauman Fichman","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"RuthFaumanFichman","display_name":"Ruth Fauman Fichman","profile_url":"https://pitt.academia.edu/RuthFaumanFichman?f_ri=15326","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1034,"name":"Stratigraphy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratigraphy?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":5095,"name":"Aztecs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aztecs?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":16007,"name":"Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Analysis_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"},{"id":22059,"name":"Household Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Household_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":41927,"name":"Ancient jewellery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_jewellery?f_ri=15326"},{"id":43881,"name":"Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico?f_ri=15326"},{"id":56765,"name":"Archaeological Excavation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Excavation?f_ri=15326"},{"id":58128,"name":"Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics?f_ri=15326"},{"id":110766,"name":"History of Jewelry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Jewelry?f_ri=15326"},{"id":112668,"name":"Radiocarbon Dating (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiocarbon_Dating_Archaeology_?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27952187" data-work_id="27952187" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27952187/Lossidiana_di_Lipari_il_prezioso_vetro_del_vulcano_Tipologia_utilizzo_e_distribuzione_nel_Mediterraneo_occidentale_durante_il_Neolitico">L'ossidiana di Lipari, il prezioso vetro del vulcano. Tipologia, utilizzo e distribuzione nel Mediterraneo occidentale durante il Neolitico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27952187" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3dc20658d9e72b864409eab1f33a1b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48250771,"asset_id":27952187,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48250771/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45678420" href="https://uinvr.academia.edu/AriannaGallo">Arianna Gallo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45678420" type="text/json">{"id":45678420,"first_name":"Arianna","last_name":"Gallo","domain_name":"uinvr","page_name":"AriannaGallo","display_name":"Arianna Gallo","profile_url":"https://uinvr.academia.edu/AriannaGallo?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45678420/12109952/13489128/s65_arianna.gallo.jpg_oh_a309e41b8c6f7ae11db823bbfa51ed91_oe_5787e37f"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27952187 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27952187"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27952187, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27952187", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27952187]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27952187").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27952187").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27952187"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26087" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleolithic_Europe">Paleolithic Europe</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26087" type="text/json">{"id":26087,"name":"Paleolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleolithic_Europe?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31752" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia">Archeologia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="31752" type="text/json">{"id":31752,"name":"Archeologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27952187]'), work: {"id":27952187,"title":"L'ossidiana di Lipari, il prezioso vetro del vulcano. Tipologia, utilizzo e distribuzione nel Mediterraneo occidentale durante il Neolitico","created_at":"2016-08-23T01:40:31.034-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27952187/Lossidiana_di_Lipari_il_prezioso_vetro_del_vulcano_Tipologia_utilizzo_e_distribuzione_nel_Mediterraneo_occidentale_durante_il_Neolitico?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_27952187","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48250771,"asset_id":27952187,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45678420,"first_name":"Arianna","last_name":"Gallo","domain_name":"uinvr","page_name":"AriannaGallo","display_name":"Arianna Gallo","profile_url":"https://uinvr.academia.edu/AriannaGallo?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45678420/12109952/13489128/s65_arianna.gallo.jpg_oh_a309e41b8c6f7ae11db823bbfa51ed91_oe_5787e37f"}],"research_interests":[{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":26087,"name":"Paleolithic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleolithic_Europe?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":31752,"name":"Archeologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeologia?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":41906,"name":"Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":160261,"name":"Preistoria e protostoria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preistoria_e_protostoria?f_ri=15326"},{"id":214592,"name":"Merchant Shipping/Maritime Economics/shipbuilding/Mediterranean/Shipowners/Maritime Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Merchant_Shipping_Maritime_Economics_shipbuilding_Mediterranean_Shipowners_Maritime_Trade?f_ri=15326"},{"id":710206,"name":"Commercio Antico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commercio_Antico?f_ri=15326"},{"id":1719125,"name":"Litography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Litography?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39023426" data-work_id="39023426" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39023426/CONTRIBUTIONS_TO_TULARE_LAKE_ARCHAEOLOGY_VII_UNIQUE_TOOLS_AND_WIDESTEM_POINTS_FROM_THE_TULARE_LAKE_REGION">CONTRIBUTIONS TO TULARE LAKE ARCHAEOLOGY VII UNIQUE TOOLS AND WIDESTEM POINTS FROM THE TULARE LAKE REGION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Widestem points are to some degree common at the Witt Site (Ca-Kin-32) locality of Tulare Lake. Within the Hopkins collection, there are 101 examples of widestem points that were complete enough to allow classification. These artifacts... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39023426" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Widestem points are to some degree common at the Witt Site (Ca-Kin-32) locality of Tulare Lake.  Within the Hopkins collection, there are 101 examples of widestem points that were complete enough to allow classification.  These artifacts were manufactured from a variety of toolstone materials.  Most of these points were fashioned from locally available chert (cryptocrystalline silicate = ccs) and other materials (fine grained volcanic = fgv) including basalt, fine grained igneous (aka rhyolite), quartz (crystal, milk white and rose) and quartzite (n = 65) along with (n = 36) specimens made of obsidian (obs).  Virtually identical point forms to the Tulare Lake Widestems are recognized from Northern California and are identified at the Borax Lake Site (CA-LAK-36) and in the larger vicinity of the Clear Lake region.  Those North Coast Range projectile point forms (known as Borax Lake Widestem Points) appear to overlap in age with both fluted points and crescents, but continue to be employed until a more recent era discontinuing at a time estimated to be 6,000 years cal b.p. In the present study, we formally classify Tulare Lake Widestem Point forms from Tulare Lake found within the Witt locality and determine whether they are of comparable age to other early Holocene artifacts recovered from Borax Lake.  The entire sample of formally classifiable Tulare Lake Widestem Points manufactured from obsidian was analyzed to both chemically characterize these artifacts as to provenience (geographic source) and to determine their obsidian hydration measurements. Obsidian studies appear to date the Tulare Lake Widestem Points to an average age of 8,250 calibrated years before present.  Applying a single standard deviation added to that mean or average provides a time range for the bulk of the Tulare Lake Widestem assemblage from ca. 7,500 to 9,000 years ago. Source determinations for Tulare Lake Widestem show that a brisk trade was taking place with imported obsidian coming from Fish Springs, Coso, Annadel and Casa Diablo obsidian sources.  Most of the obsidian Widestems at Tulare Lake came from the Casa Diablo suite of obsidian sources.  This obsidian toolstone contributes a significant portion to the Widestem assemblage and testifies to long range movement and the value of the imported toolstone to the indigenous people who occupied Tulare Lake.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39023426" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ca0e8bbf2d35e3d01d5f2363497bc27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59134605,"asset_id":39023426,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59134605/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2406262" href="https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel">Alan Garfinkel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2406262" type="text/json">{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39023426 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39023426"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39023426, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39023426", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39023426]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39023426").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39023426").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39023426"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology">Lithic Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19728" type="text/json">{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39023426]'), work: {"id":39023426,"title":"CONTRIBUTIONS TO TULARE LAKE ARCHAEOLOGY VII UNIQUE TOOLS AND WIDESTEM POINTS FROM THE TULARE LAKE REGION","created_at":"2019-05-05T16:34:28.796-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39023426/CONTRIBUTIONS_TO_TULARE_LAKE_ARCHAEOLOGY_VII_UNIQUE_TOOLS_AND_WIDESTEM_POINTS_FROM_THE_TULARE_LAKE_REGION?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_39023426","summary":" Widestem points are to some degree common at the Witt Site (Ca-Kin-32) locality of Tulare Lake. Within the Hopkins collection, there are 101 examples of widestem points that were complete enough to allow classification. These artifacts were manufactured from a variety of toolstone materials. Most of these points were fashioned from locally available chert (cryptocrystalline silicate = ccs) and other materials (fine grained volcanic = fgv) including basalt, fine grained igneous (aka rhyolite), quartz (crystal, milk white and rose) and quartzite (n = 65) along with (n = 36) specimens made of obsidian (obs). Virtually identical point forms to the Tulare Lake Widestems are recognized from Northern California and are identified at the Borax Lake Site (CA-LAK-36) and in the larger vicinity of the Clear Lake region. Those North Coast Range projectile point forms (known as Borax Lake Widestem Points) appear to overlap in age with both fluted points and crescents, but continue to be employed until a more recent era discontinuing at a time estimated to be 6,000 years cal b.p. In the present study, we formally classify Tulare Lake Widestem Point forms from Tulare Lake found within the Witt locality and determine whether they are of comparable age to other early Holocene artifacts recovered from Borax Lake. The entire sample of formally classifiable Tulare Lake Widestem Points manufactured from obsidian was analyzed to both chemically characterize these artifacts as to provenience (geographic source) and to determine their obsidian hydration measurements. Obsidian studies appear to date the Tulare Lake Widestem Points to an average age of 8,250 calibrated years before present. Applying a single standard deviation added to that mean or average provides a time range for the bulk of the Tulare Lake Widestem assemblage from ca. 7,500 to 9,000 years ago. Source determinations for Tulare Lake Widestem show that a brisk trade was taking place with imported obsidian coming from Fish Springs, Coso, Annadel and Casa Diablo obsidian sources. Most of the obsidian Widestems at Tulare Lake came from the Casa Diablo suite of obsidian sources. This obsidian toolstone contributes a significant portion to the Widestem assemblage and testifies to long range movement and the value of the imported toolstone to the indigenous people who occupied Tulare Lake. \n ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59134605,"asset_id":39023426,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19731,"name":"Prehistoric Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":42252,"name":"Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Pleistocene_to_Early_Holocene?f_ri=15326"},{"id":80299,"name":"Projectile Points","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Projectile_Points?f_ri=15326"},{"id":109642,"name":"Obsidian Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":110204,"name":"Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dating?f_ri=15326"},{"id":140612,"name":"Obsidian Hydration Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Hydration_Dating?f_ri=15326"},{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326"},{"id":280665,"name":"Early Holocene archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Holocene_archaeology?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27681331 coauthored" data-work_id="27681331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27681331/Ancient_Stones_of_Black_Glass_Tracing_and_Dating_Paleoindian_Obsidian_Artifacts_pp_52_98">Ancient Stones of Black Glass: Tracing and Dating Paleoindian Obsidian Artifacts: pp. 52-98</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Archaeological sites within the Great Basin and California appear to demonstrate that human occupation occurred in late Pleistocene and early Holocene times from ca. 12,000 to 6,000 B.C. A prominent locality for Paleoindian material is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27681331" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Archaeological sites within the Great<br />Basin and California appear to demonstrate that<br />human occupation occurred in late Pleistocene<br />and early Holocene times from ca. 12,000 to<br />6,000 B.C. A prominent locality for Paleoindian<br />material is Lake China. Thousands of artifacts<br />dot the fossil shoreline on the desert floor of eastern<br />Kern County at the interface of the Mojave<br />Desert and the Great Basin near Ridgecrest<br />(Davis 1978).<br />In Central California, projectile points hypothesized<br />to date from these periods have been<br />discovered in abundance at the Witt locality (CA-Kin-<br />32) on the southwest margins of Tulare Lake<br />in Kings County in the southern San Joaquin Valley<br />(Dillon 2002, Moratto 2000; Riddell and<br />Olsen 1969; Wallace 1991). Some of these artifacts<br />are basally thinned, Concave Base points<br />(over 500). These projectiles are similar to Clovis<br />points but are often smaller, somewhat thinner,<br />are pressure rather than percussion flaked, and,<br />most often, lack the distinguishing flutes (Rondeau<br />2005a, 2005b; Rondeau et al. 2007; Wallace<br />1991; West et al. 1991). The range of variation<br />for these points, typically assigned to the<br />Great Basin Concave Base Series, has not been<br />clearly defined. The Tulare Lake points appear to<br />be a local variant of this same tradition.<br />Until recently, no direct dates for the flaked<br />stone materials found at either locality have been<br />published (yet, see Basgall 2003, 2005a, 2005b).<br />An indirect means of obtaining such temporal parameters<br />is the use of obsidian tracing and hydration<br />dating. Thirty-eight (38) artifacts from<br />China (n = 5) and Tulare (n = 33) Lakes were<br />chemically characterized to source and analyzed<br />for their hydration measurements. Results of<br />these studies indicate that obsidian hydration dating<br />is a useful tool even for very ancient artifacts<br />of volcanic glass. Obsidian tracing and dating indicate<br />that Concave Base points are partly contemporaneous<br />with Clovis age artifacts, although<br />they have a far lengthier duration dating from ca.<br />13,500 to 10,000 years cal before present (BP).<br />Great Basin Stemmed Series points are of more recent<br />age dating from ca. 11,000 to 7,000 years<br />cal BP. Eccentric crescents are apparently coeval<br />with both Concave Base and Great Basin<br />Stemmed Series points and have a lengthy temporal<br />span from 13,500 to 7,000 years cal BP.<br />Tracing studies of the early obsidian implements<br />from Tulare Lake, in this study, indicate<br />that Concave Base tradition foragers were far<br />more mobile than the Great Basin Stemmed Series<br />cultural expression. Obsidian originated from no less<br />than six (6) different source localities from 100 to<br />250 miles distant. These late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers<br />traversed enormous foraging territories<br />and either directly accessed or traded for volcanic<br />glass and fused shale from the Napa Valley, Casa<br /><br />Diablo, Coso, Mount Hicks, Mono Glass Mountain,<br />Queen, and Grimes Canyon sources. Later,<br />early Holocene Stemmed Series peoples had a<br />smaller, more limited foraging radius and more<br />protracted mobility patterns procuring only Coso<br />and Casa Diablo volcanic glass sources.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27681331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e8d7ecf293e25fb07c5caa9d716f3d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47946889,"asset_id":27681331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47946889/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2406262" href="https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel">Alan Garfinkel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2406262" type="text/json">{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27681331">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27681331"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelRondeau">Michael Rondeau</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CraigSkinner">Craig Skinner</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27681331'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27681331').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27681331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27681331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27681331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27681331", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27681331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27681331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27681331"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27681331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27681331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27681331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27681331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27681331").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27681331").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27681331"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology">Paleoecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7101" type="text/json">{"id":7101,"name":"Paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27681331]'), work: {"id":27681331,"title":"Ancient Stones of Black Glass: Tracing and Dating Paleoindian Obsidian Artifacts: pp. 52-98","created_at":"2016-08-10T07:58:08.381-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27681331/Ancient_Stones_of_Black_Glass_Tracing_and_Dating_Paleoindian_Obsidian_Artifacts_pp_52_98?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_27681331","summary":"Archaeological sites within the Great\nBasin and California appear to demonstrate that\nhuman occupation occurred in late Pleistocene\nand early Holocene times from ca. 12,000 to\n6,000 B.C. A prominent locality for Paleoindian\nmaterial is Lake China. Thousands of artifacts\ndot the fossil shoreline on the desert floor of eastern\nKern County at the interface of the Mojave\nDesert and the Great Basin near Ridgecrest\n(Davis 1978).\nIn Central California, projectile points hypothesized\nto date from these periods have been\ndiscovered in abundance at the Witt locality (CA-Kin-\n32) on the southwest margins of Tulare Lake\nin Kings County in the southern San Joaquin Valley\n(Dillon 2002, Moratto 2000; Riddell and\nOlsen 1969; Wallace 1991). Some of these artifacts\nare basally thinned, Concave Base points\n(over 500). These projectiles are similar to Clovis\npoints but are often smaller, somewhat thinner,\nare pressure rather than percussion flaked, and,\nmost often, lack the distinguishing flutes (Rondeau\n2005a, 2005b; Rondeau et al. 2007; Wallace\n1991; West et al. 1991). The range of variation\nfor these points, typically assigned to the\nGreat Basin Concave Base Series, has not been\nclearly defined. The Tulare Lake points appear to\nbe a local variant of this same tradition.\nUntil recently, no direct dates for the flaked\nstone materials found at either locality have been\npublished (yet, see Basgall 2003, 2005a, 2005b).\nAn indirect means of obtaining such temporal parameters\nis the use of obsidian tracing and hydration\ndating. Thirty-eight (38) artifacts from\nChina (n = 5) and Tulare (n = 33) Lakes were\nchemically characterized to source and analyzed\nfor their hydration measurements. Results of\nthese studies indicate that obsidian hydration dating\nis a useful tool even for very ancient artifacts\nof volcanic glass. Obsidian tracing and dating indicate\nthat Concave Base points are partly contemporaneous\nwith Clovis age artifacts, although\nthey have a far lengthier duration dating from ca.\n13,500 to 10,000 years cal before present (BP).\nGreat Basin Stemmed Series points are of more recent\nage dating from ca. 11,000 to 7,000 years\ncal BP. Eccentric crescents are apparently coeval\nwith both Concave Base and Great Basin\nStemmed Series points and have a lengthy temporal\nspan from 13,500 to 7,000 years cal BP.\nTracing studies of the early obsidian implements\nfrom Tulare Lake, in this study, indicate\nthat Concave Base tradition foragers were far\nmore mobile than the Great Basin Stemmed Series\ncultural expression. Obsidian originated from no less\nthan six (6) different source localities from 100 to\n250 miles distant. These late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers\ntraversed enormous foraging territories\nand either directly accessed or traded for volcanic\nglass and fused shale from the Napa Valley, Casa\n\nDiablo, Coso, Mount Hicks, Mono Glass Mountain,\nQueen, and Grimes Canyon sources. Later,\nearly Holocene Stemmed Series peoples had a\nsmaller, more limited foraging radius and more\nprotracted mobility patterns procuring only Coso\nand Casa Diablo volcanic glass sources.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47946889,"asset_id":27681331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"},{"id":4921434,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Rondeau","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelRondeau","display_name":"Michael Rondeau","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelRondeau?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4921434/2122691/2493167/s65_michael.rondeau.jpg"},{"id":1887975,"first_name":"Craig","last_name":"Skinner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CraigSkinner","display_name":"Craig Skinner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CraigSkinner?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1887975/639587/793186/s65_craig.skinner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":7101,"name":"Paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":32014,"name":"Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trade?f_ri=15326"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":59383,"name":"California Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":63532,"name":"Great Basin Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":108398,"name":"Lithic Raw Material Sourcing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Raw_Material_Sourcing?f_ri=15326"},{"id":110204,"name":"Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dating?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3380339" data-work_id="3380339" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3380339/Devitrification_of_natural_rhyolitic_obsidian_glasses_petrographic_and_microstructural_study_SEM_EDS_of_recent_Lipari_island_and_ancient_Sarrabus_SE_Sardinia_samples">Devitrification of natural rhyolitic obsidian glasses: petrographic and microstructural study (SEM+EDS) of recent (Lipari island) and ancient (Sarrabus, SE Sardinia) samples.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Microstructural evolution of devitrification of obsidian glasses is a process not fully understood, especially with reference to preferred nucleation sites and anisotropic development of spherulites. Evidence is commonly hidden in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3380339" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Microstructural evolution of devitrification of obsidian glasses is a process not fully understood, especially with <br />reference to preferred nucleation sites and anisotropic development of spherulites. Evidence is commonly hidden in <br />advanced devitrification textures. Two sets of naturally devitrified obsidian rocks, calcoalkaline rhyolitic in composition, <br />have been used to test how this process develops. A petrographic and SEM+EDS comparative study of incipient <br />devitrified recent obsidian (from Lipari island) and advanced devitrified ancient rhyolitic rocks (from Sarrabus region, <br />Sardinia island, Italy) allows following successive stages in the generation of K-feldspar spherulites in natural glasses. <br />Spherulites show a preference for epitaxial nucleation over previous minute idiomorphic crystals and a number of <br />processes including rearrangement of initial mineral fibers and interstitial voids lead to the formation of blade-like <br />crystals and denser spherulites. In some cases bubbles with an inferred origin associated to secondary boiling of magmas <br />also favour spherulitic nucleation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3380339" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05e5aa90ed46ab8c260b0bd86cbe9513" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31177899,"asset_id":3380339,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31177899/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2318344" href="https://ub.academia.edu/DomingoGimenoTorrente">Domingo Gimeno Torrente</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2318344" type="text/json">{"id":2318344,"first_name":"Domingo","last_name":"Gimeno Torrente","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"DomingoGimenoTorrente","display_name":"Domingo Gimeno Torrente","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/DomingoGimenoTorrente?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2318344/733452/910598/s65_domingo.gimeno_torrente.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3380339 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3380339"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3380339, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3380339", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3380339 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3380339; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3380339"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3380339 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3380339"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3380339; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3380339]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3380339").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3380339").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3380339"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3860" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Geology">Volcanic Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3860" type="text/json">{"id":3860,"name":"Volcanic Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Geology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109645" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Glass">Volcanic Glass</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109645" type="text/json">{"id":109645,"name":"Volcanic Glass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Glass?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="688910" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Rock">Volcanic Rock</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="688910" type="text/json">{"id":688910,"name":"Volcanic Rock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Rock?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3380339]'), work: {"id":3380339,"title":"Devitrification of natural rhyolitic obsidian glasses: petrographic and microstructural study (SEM+EDS) of recent (Lipari island) and ancient (Sarrabus, SE Sardinia) samples.","created_at":"2013-04-24T19:36:06.709-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3380339/Devitrification_of_natural_rhyolitic_obsidian_glasses_petrographic_and_microstructural_study_SEM_EDS_of_recent_Lipari_island_and_ancient_Sarrabus_SE_Sardinia_samples?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_3380339","summary":"Microstructural evolution of devitrification of obsidian glasses is a process not fully understood, especially with\r\nreference to preferred nucleation sites and anisotropic development of spherulites. Evidence is commonly hidden in\r\nadvanced devitrification textures. Two sets of naturally devitrified obsidian rocks, calcoalkaline rhyolitic in composition,\r\nhave been used to test how this process develops. A petrographic and SEM+EDS comparative study of incipient\r\ndevitrified recent obsidian (from Lipari island) and advanced devitrified ancient rhyolitic rocks (from Sarrabus region,\r\nSardinia island, Italy) allows following successive stages in the generation of K-feldspar spherulites in natural glasses.\r\nSpherulites show a preference for epitaxial nucleation over previous minute idiomorphic crystals and a number of\r\nprocesses including rearrangement of initial mineral fibers and interstitial voids lead to the formation of blade-like\r\ncrystals and denser spherulites. In some cases bubbles with an inferred origin associated to secondary boiling of magmas\r\nalso favour spherulitic nucleation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31177899,"asset_id":3380339,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2318344,"first_name":"Domingo","last_name":"Gimeno Torrente","domain_name":"ub","page_name":"DomingoGimenoTorrente","display_name":"Domingo Gimeno Torrente","profile_url":"https://ub.academia.edu/DomingoGimenoTorrente?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2318344/733452/910598/s65_domingo.gimeno_torrente.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3860,"name":"Volcanic Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Geology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":109645,"name":"Volcanic Glass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Glass?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":688910,"name":"Volcanic Rock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volcanic_Rock?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26780105 coauthored" data-work_id="26780105" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26780105/ICE_AGE_STONE_TOOLS_FROM_THE_SAN_JOAQUIN_VALLEY">ICE-AGE STONE TOOLS FROM THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present publication consists of four manuscripts (included as chapters one through four). Initially, six chapters were planned but two authors could not meet the time constraints. Hopefully, they will be included in a subsequent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26780105" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present publication consists of four<br />manuscripts (included as chapters one through<br />four). Initially, six chapters were planned but<br />two authors could not meet the time constraints.<br />Hopefully, they will be included in a subsequent<br />TULARG publication.<br />Briefly, Chapter 1 surveys and identifies a<br />flaked stone assemblage of time-diagnostic artifacts<br />from Tulare Lake. This is the first published<br />attempt to categorize and describe Tulare<br />Lake’s Paleoindian tool kit. Chapter 2 presents<br />the initial attempts at obsidian tracing and hydration<br />dating of Tulare Lake’s ancient artifacts<br />as well as providing a small sample from China<br />Lake in eastern California. Chapter 3 critically<br />reevaluates the number of reported Clovis-like<br />projectile point discoveries from Tulare Lake<br />and finally, Chapter 4 describes a unique ground<br />stone “butterfly” crescent from the study area<br />and discusses its possible meaning, function, and<br />significance.<br />Tulare Lake, located in California’s southern<br />San Joaquin Valley midway between the San<br />Francisco Bay and the Los Angeles Basin, was<br />formed sometime during the later part of the<br />Pleistocene epoch and, over millennia, expanded<br />to cover about 760 square miles before it was<br />drained and reclaimed for agricultural crops. Artifacts<br />collected from early shorelines suggest<br />the lake supported Paleoindian people for a considerable<br />amount of time before the earliest<br />Yokuts occupation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26780105" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e45842272ddcedfc6be7e5b8065d698e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47056585,"asset_id":26780105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47056585/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2406262" href="https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel">Alan Garfinkel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2406262" type="text/json">{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26780105">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26780105"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/GerritFenenga">Gerrit Fenenga</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26780105'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26780105').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26780105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26780105"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26780105, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26780105", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26780105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26780105; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26780105"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26780105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26780105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26780105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26780105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26780105").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26780105").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26780105"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7101" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology">Paleoecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7101" type="text/json">{"id":7101,"name":"Paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26780105]'), work: {"id":26780105,"title":"ICE-AGE STONE TOOLS FROM THE SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY","created_at":"2016-07-06T08:51:20.023-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26780105/ICE_AGE_STONE_TOOLS_FROM_THE_SAN_JOAQUIN_VALLEY?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_26780105","summary":"The present publication consists of four\nmanuscripts (included as chapters one through\nfour). Initially, six chapters were planned but\ntwo authors could not meet the time constraints.\nHopefully, they will be included in a subsequent\nTULARG publication.\nBriefly, Chapter 1 surveys and identifies a\nflaked stone assemblage of time-diagnostic artifacts\nfrom Tulare Lake. This is the first published\nattempt to categorize and describe Tulare\nLake’s Paleoindian tool kit. Chapter 2 presents\nthe initial attempts at obsidian tracing and hydration\ndating of Tulare Lake’s ancient artifacts\nas well as providing a small sample from China\nLake in eastern California. Chapter 3 critically\nreevaluates the number of reported Clovis-like\nprojectile point discoveries from Tulare Lake\nand finally, Chapter 4 describes a unique ground\nstone “butterfly” crescent from the study area\nand discusses its possible meaning, function, and\nsignificance.\nTulare Lake, located in California’s southern\nSan Joaquin Valley midway between the San\nFrancisco Bay and the Los Angeles Basin, was\nformed sometime during the later part of the\nPleistocene epoch and, over millennia, expanded\nto cover about 760 square miles before it was\ndrained and reclaimed for agricultural crops. Artifacts\ncollected from early shorelines suggest\nthe lake supported Paleoindian people for a considerable\namount of time before the earliest\nYokuts occupation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47056585,"asset_id":26780105,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"},{"id":50840866,"first_name":"Gerrit","last_name":"Fenenga","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GerritFenenga","display_name":"Gerrit Fenenga","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GerritFenenga?f_ri=15326","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":7101,"name":"Paleoecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoecology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":33881,"name":"Paleoindians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoindians?f_ri=15326"},{"id":55633,"name":"The peopling of the Americas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_peopling_of_the_Americas?f_ri=15326"},{"id":140612,"name":"Obsidian Hydration Dating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Hydration_Dating?f_ri=15326"},{"id":268155,"name":"Obsidian in Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_in_Prehistory?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11294780" data-work_id="11294780" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11294780/Intercambio_prehistorico_de_obsidiana_a_larga_distancia_en_el_Norte_Peruano">Intercambio prehistorico de obsidiana a larga distancia en el Norte Peruano</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11294780" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="788f62b8996347245e1a26cf8254f883" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36872353,"asset_id":11294780,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36872353/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="530690" href="https://missouri.academia.edu/MichaelDGlascock">Michael D Glascock</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="530690" type="text/json">{"id":530690,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Glascock","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"MichaelDGlascock","display_name":"Michael D Glascock","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/MichaelDGlascock?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/530690/5653713/6432232/s65_michael_d..glascock.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11294780 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11294780"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11294780, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11294780", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11294780 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11294780; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11294780"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11294780 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11294780"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11294780; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11294780]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11294780").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11294780").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11294780"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="190988" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre-Columbian_Inca_Andes_Peru_South_America_Archaeology_Anthropology">Pre-Columbian, Inca, Andes, Peru, South America, Archaeology, Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="190988" type="text/json">{"id":190988,"name":"Pre-Columbian, Inca, Andes, Peru, South America, Archaeology, Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre-Columbian_Inca_Andes_Peru_South_America_Archaeology_Anthropology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11294780]'), work: {"id":11294780,"title":"Intercambio prehistorico de obsidiana a larga distancia en el Norte Peruano","created_at":"2015-03-05T13:10:43.281-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11294780/Intercambio_prehistorico_de_obsidiana_a_larga_distancia_en_el_Norte_Peruano?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_11294780","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36872353,"asset_id":11294780,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":530690,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Glascock","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"MichaelDGlascock","display_name":"Michael D Glascock","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/MichaelDGlascock?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/530690/5653713/6432232/s65_michael_d..glascock.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":190988,"name":"Pre-Columbian, Inca, Andes, Peru, South America, Archaeology, Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pre-Columbian_Inca_Andes_Peru_South_America_Archaeology_Anthropology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10114886" data-work_id="10114886" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10114886/Archaeology_and_Rock_Art">Archaeology and Rock Art</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This effort is an attempt to use various data sets to evaluate alternative models of prehistoric population movement and ethnic identification in the region of eastern California. Archeological data support the hypothesis that the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10114886" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This effort is an attempt to use various data sets to evaluate alternative models of prehistoric population movement and ethnic identification in the region of eastern California. <br /><br />Archeological data support the hypothesis that the Tubatulabal cultural tradition is of long standing in the South Fork Valley of the Kern River area (Isabella Basin) and the interior Kern Plateau. A variety of archaeological evidence supports a continuous, unbroken occupation from the historic era back 2500 years or more. cultural expression lasted several millennia.  <br /><br />Archaeological evidence also suggests that initial pre-Numic colonizers settled in the well-watered lowland areas of the adjacent desert areas to the east leaving large expanses of land relatively open. <br /><br />The weight of evidence suggests that a Numic population incursion was in part responsible for the archaeological record in portions of eastern California and the far southern Sierra Nevada Crest.  Some researchers see continuity between the historic Numic occupants and some of the more ancient archaeological manifestations in the region. This is especially the case with respect to the realistic petroglyphs recorded on the lava cliffs and canyons of the Coso Range. Yet, the body of evidence, when reviewed in detail and considered contextually, strongly indicates otherwise.<br /><br />Detailed examination of the archaeological record, along the crest of the far southern Sierra and in eastern California, supports the position that an influx of Numic groups took place around A.D. 600. Synchronous with the introduction of the bow and arrow, the Numic pioneers appear to have established themselves in the southwestern Great Basin. Numic populations apparently pursued a more successful adaptive strategy, either replacing or absorbing pre-Numic groups. Numic peoples subsequently expanded out of this heartland and migrated throughout much of the Great Basin.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10114886" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0a7b9157f256fc4bb7ca18a5c324c73c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36225775,"asset_id":10114886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36225775/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2406262" href="https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel">Alan Garfinkel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2406262" type="text/json">{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10114886 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10114886"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10114886, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10114886", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10114886]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10114886").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10114886").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10114886"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="139" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory">Ethnohistory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="139" type="text/json">{"id":139,"name":"Ethnohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="197" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Ecology">Human Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="197" type="text/json">{"id":197,"name":"Human Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Ecology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10114886]'), work: {"id":10114886,"title":"Archaeology and Rock Art","created_at":"2015-01-11T13:15:11.894-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10114886/Archaeology_and_Rock_Art?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_10114886","summary":"This effort is an attempt to use various data sets to evaluate alternative models of prehistoric population movement and ethnic identification in the region of eastern California. \n\nArcheological data support the hypothesis that the Tubatulabal cultural tradition is of long standing in the South Fork Valley of the Kern River area (Isabella Basin) and the interior Kern Plateau. A variety of archaeological evidence supports a continuous, unbroken occupation from the historic era back 2500 years or more. cultural expression lasted several millennia. \n\nArchaeological evidence also suggests that initial pre-Numic colonizers settled in the well-watered lowland areas of the adjacent desert areas to the east leaving large expanses of land relatively open. \n\nThe weight of evidence suggests that a Numic population incursion was in part responsible for the archaeological record in portions of eastern California and the far southern Sierra Nevada Crest. Some researchers see continuity between the historic Numic occupants and some of the more ancient archaeological manifestations in the region. This is especially the case with respect to the realistic petroglyphs recorded on the lava cliffs and canyons of the Coso Range. Yet, the body of evidence, when reviewed in detail and considered contextually, strongly indicates otherwise.\n\nDetailed examination of the archaeological record, along the crest of the far southern Sierra and in eastern California, supports the position that an influx of Numic groups took place around A.D. 600. Synchronous with the introduction of the bow and arrow, the Numic pioneers appear to have established themselves in the southwestern Great Basin. Numic populations apparently pursued a more successful adaptive strategy, either replacing or absorbing pre-Numic groups. Numic peoples subsequently expanded out of this heartland and migrated throughout much of the Great Basin.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36225775,"asset_id":10114886,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2406262,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Garfinkel","domain_name":"csub","page_name":"AlanGarfinkel","display_name":"Alan Garfinkel","profile_url":"https://csub.academia.edu/AlanGarfinkel?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2406262/755404/11241229/s65_alan.garfinkel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":139,"name":"Ethnohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnohistory?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":197,"name":"Human Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Ecology?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=15326"},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=15326"},{"id":272,"name":"Social Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Geography?f_ri=15326"},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=15326"},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=15326"},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=15326"},{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=15326"},{"id":6982,"name":"California Indians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California_Indians?f_ri=15326"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":10336,"name":"Ethnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326"},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=15326"},{"id":16934,"name":"Paleoenvironmental Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoenvironmental_Change?f_ri=15326"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=15326"},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=15326"},{"id":63532,"name":"Great Basin Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_Archaeology?f_ri=15326"},{"id":281792,"name":"Great Basin hunter-gatherers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin_hunter-gatherers?f_ri=15326"},{"id":309651,"name":"Bighorn Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bighorn_Sheep?f_ri=15326"},{"id":444138,"name":"Great Basin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Basin?f_ri=15326"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21514613 coauthored" data-work_id="21514613" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21514613/Andean_Past_5_1998">Andean Past 5 1998</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This volume contains the following articles: "Editor's Preface" by Daniel H. Sandweiss; "Heidy Fogel, 1956-1994" by Richard L. Burger; "Daniel Wolfman, 1939-1994" by Izumi Shimada; "The Inca Compound at La Centinela, Chincha" by Dwight... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21514613" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This volume contains the following articles: "Editor's Preface" by Daniel H. Sandweiss; "Heidy Fogel, 1956-1994" by Richard L. Burger; "Daniel Wolfman, 1939-1994" by Izumi Shimada; "The Inca Compound at La Centinela, Chincha" by Dwight Wallace; "Reconstructing the Great Hall at Inkallacta" by Vincent R. Lee; "Reconstructing Andean Shrine Systems: A Test Case from the Xaquixaguana (Anta) Region of Cusco, Peru" by Brian S. Bauer and Wilton Barrioneuvo Orosco; "The Temple of Blindness: An Investigation of the Inca Shrine of Ancocagua" by Johan Reinhard; "Ethnogenesis in Huamachuco" by John R. Topic; "Coca Production on the Inca Frontier: The Yungas of Chuquioma" by Catherine J. Julien; Creating a Ruin in Colonial Cusco: Sacsahuaman and What Was Made of It" by Carolyn S. Dean; "The Alca Obsidian Source: The Origin of Raw Material for Cusco Type Obsidian Artifacts" by Richard L. Burger, Frank Asaro, Paul Trawick, and Fred Stross; "The Chivay Obsidian Source and the Geological Origin of Titicaca Basin Type Obsidian Artifacts by Richard L. Burger, Frank Asaro, Guido Salas, and Fred Stross; "The Jampatilla Obsidian Source: Identifying the Geological Source of Pampas Type Obsidian Artifacts from Southern Peru" by Richard L. Burger, Katharina J. Schrieber, Michael D. Glascock, and Jose Ccencho; "Unifaces in Early Andean Culture History: The Nanchoc Lithic Tradition of Northern Peru" by Jack Rossen; "Lithic Provenience Analysis and Emerging Material Complexity at Formative Period Chiripa, Bolivia" by David L. Browman; "Textiles from the Lower Osmore Valley, Southern Peru: A Cultural Interpretation" by Ran Boytner; "Corbel Vaulted Sod Structures in the Context of Lake Titicaca Basin Settlement Patterns" by Sergio J. Chavez; "Archaeomagnetic Results from Peru: A.D. 700-1500 by Daniel Wolfman and Richard E. Dodson.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21514613" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f44b7215e598a7b4b785f3b9eb0087ce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41962210,"asset_id":21514613,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41962210/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24543407" href="https://amnh.academia.edu/MonicaBarnes">Monica Barnes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24543407" type="text/json">{"id":24543407,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Barnes","domain_name":"amnh","page_name":"MonicaBarnes","display_name":"Monica Barnes","profile_url":"https://amnh.academia.edu/MonicaBarnes?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24543407/9916070/11055779/s65_monica.barnes.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-21514613">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-21514613"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://umaine.academia.edu/DanSandweiss">Dan Sandweiss</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidFleming14">David Fleming</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nationalgeographic.academia.edu/JohanReinhard">Johan Reinhard</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-21514613'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-21514613').html(); 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1977556" data-work_id="1977556" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1977556/Il_commercio_preistorico_dellossidiana_nel_Mediterraneo_ed_il_ruolo_di_Lipari_e_Pantelleria_nel_pi%C3%B9_antico_sistema_di_scambio">Il commercio preistorico dell'ossidiana nel Mediterraneo ed il ruolo di Lipari e Pantelleria nel più antico sistema di scambio</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Mediterranean obsidian from Lipari and Pantelleria islands: Neolithic to Bronze Age</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_prehistory">Mediterranean prehistory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3016" type="text/json">{"id":3016,"name":"Mediterranean prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_prehistory?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Mediterranean_Trade">Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33694" type="text/json">{"id":33694,"name":"Archaeology of Mediterranean Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Mediterranean_Trade?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="607453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory_of_Sicily">Prehistory of Sicily</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="607453" type="text/json">{"id":607453,"name":"Prehistory of Sicily","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory_of_Sicily?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1977556]'), work: {"id":1977556,"title":"Il commercio preistorico dell'ossidiana nel Mediterraneo ed il ruolo di Lipari e Pantelleria nel più antico sistema di scambio","created_at":"2012-09-28T04:52:38.957-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1977556/Il_commercio_preistorico_dellossidiana_nel_Mediterraneo_ed_il_ruolo_di_Lipari_e_Pantelleria_nel_pi%C3%B9_antico_sistema_di_scambio?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_1977556","summary":"Mediterranean obsidian from Lipari and Pantelleria islands: Neolithic to Bronze Age","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":28591834,"asset_id":1977556,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2575461,"first_name":"Fabrizio","last_name":"Nicoletti","domain_name":"sicilia","page_name":"FabrizioNicoletti","display_name":"Fabrizio Nicoletti","profile_url":"https://sicilia.academia.edu/FabrizioNicoletti?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2575461/807059/13080896/s65_fabrizio.nicoletti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3016,"name":"Mediterranean 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href="https://www.academia.edu/30373041/Chapter_13_TOLLAN_TEOTIHUACAN_Multiethnic_Mosaics_Corporate_Interaction_and_Social_Complexity_in_Mesoamerica_2017_">Chapter 13: TOLLAN TEOTIHUACAN: Multiethnic Mosaics, Corporate Interaction, and Social Complexity in Mesoamerica [2017]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite its longstanding preeminence as one of the earliest, largest, and most complex urban centers of highland Mexico, Teotihuacan’s pan-regional impact on Mesoamerica remains the subject of intense debate and conflicting models... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30373041" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite its longstanding preeminence as one of the earliest, largest, and most complex urban centers of highland Mexico, Teotihuacan’s pan-regional impact on Mesoamerica remains the subject of intense debate and conflicting models centering on the rise of social complexity in the American hemisphere. Therefore, this study seeks to address the interplay and operationalization of resource concentration, multiethnic mosaics, and corporate interaction and inter-elite conflict within and beyond the context of the preindustrial metropolis of Teotihuacan. Findings from this review predictably indicate that the ancient highland polity was borne of but one of a host of Late Formative compound chiefdoms situated in the Basin of Mexico, albeit on a semiarid plain that necessitated the formation of an incipient managerial elite devoted to the management of the region’s hydraulic resources. While water management per se may be construed an initial stimulus to the formation of sociopolitical complexity in the highlands, the authors contend that this fact alone did not distinguish Teotihuacan, or for that matter, render it a competitive advantage over other early polities of the region. Its uniqueness, they argue, was borne of (a) its strategic location proximate to both major obsidian deposits and a highland transport network to the Gulf lowlands, (b) a pattern of recurrent demographic restructuring occasioned by the cataclysmic eruptions of Popocatépetl, Malinche, and Xitle, (c) the formation of multiethnic mosaics and foreign enclaves both within and beyond the metropolis as a result of the two foregoing conditions, and by extension, (d) the emergence of multiethnic corporate groups dedicated to commerce and industry centered on Teotihuacan. In an effort to fully interrogate the extant evidence for the evolution of social complexity in the Basin of Mexico, the authors extend the analysis to those findings bearing on the troubled times of the Late Middle Classic/Epiclassic decline, collapse, and destruction of the ancient metropolis and its far flung outposts. In the final analysis, a review of that evidence bearing on the question of what ultimately became of Teotihuacan in the wake of its disintegration reveals a pattern of escalating internal conflict, militarization, and a balkanization and recapitulation of the constituent multiethnic mosaics that defined the cosmopolitan and multicultural origins of the metropolis from the outset.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30373041" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3ce8b13892cb26c65c1acfc67e3c670" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57502656,"asset_id":30373041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57502656/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1188515" href="https://csumb.academia.edu/JenniferLucido">Jennifer A Lucido</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1188515" type="text/json">{"id":1188515,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Lucido","domain_name":"csumb","page_name":"JenniferLucido","display_name":"Jennifer A Lucido","profile_url":"https://csumb.academia.edu/JenniferLucido?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1188515/424566/118090024/s65_jennifer.lucido.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-30373041">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-30373041"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://csumb.academia.edu/RubenGMendoza">Ruben G Mendoza</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-30373041'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-30373041').html(); 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Therefore, this study seeks to address the interplay and operationalization of resource concentration, multiethnic mosaics, and corporate interaction and inter-elite conflict within and beyond the context of the preindustrial metropolis of Teotihuacan. Findings from this review predictably indicate that the ancient highland polity was borne of but one of a host of Late Formative compound chiefdoms situated in the Basin of Mexico, albeit on a semiarid plain that necessitated the formation of an incipient managerial elite devoted to the management of the region’s hydraulic resources. While water management per se may be construed an initial stimulus to the formation of sociopolitical complexity in the highlands, the authors contend that this fact alone did not distinguish Teotihuacan, or for that matter, render it a competitive advantage over other early polities of the region. Its uniqueness, they argue, was borne of (a) its strategic location proximate to both major obsidian deposits and a highland transport network to the Gulf lowlands, (b) a pattern of recurrent demographic restructuring occasioned by the cataclysmic eruptions of Popocatépetl, Malinche, and Xitle, (c) the formation of multiethnic mosaics and foreign enclaves both within and beyond the metropolis as a result of the two foregoing conditions, and by extension, (d) the emergence of multiethnic corporate groups dedicated to commerce and industry centered on Teotihuacan. In an effort to fully interrogate the extant evidence for the evolution of social complexity in the Basin of Mexico, the authors extend the analysis to those findings bearing on the troubled times of the Late Middle Classic/Epiclassic decline, collapse, and destruction of the ancient metropolis and its far flung outposts. In the final analysis, a review of that evidence bearing on the question of what ultimately became of Teotihuacan in the wake of its disintegration reveals a pattern of escalating internal conflict, militarization, and a balkanization and recapitulation of the constituent multiethnic mosaics that defined the cosmopolitan and multicultural origins of the metropolis from the outset.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57502656,"asset_id":30373041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1188515,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Lucido","domain_name":"csumb","page_name":"JenniferLucido","display_name":"Jennifer A Lucido","profile_url":"https://csumb.academia.edu/JenniferLucido?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1188515/424566/118090024/s65_jennifer.lucido.jpg"},{"id":83825,"first_name":"Ruben G","last_name":"Mendoza","domain_name":"csumb","page_name":"RubenGMendoza","display_name":"Ruben G 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href="https://www.academia.edu/11645375/EL_ESTUDIO_DE_LA_INDUSTRIA_L%C3%8DTICA_TALLADA_DE_LOS_SITIOS_ARQUEOL%C3%93GICOS_DE_MEDIAS_AGUAS_VERACRUZ_AN%C3%81LISIS_TIPOL%C3%93GICO">EL ESTUDIO DE LA INDUSTRIA LÍTICA TALLADA DE LOS SITIOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS DE MEDIAS AGUAS, VERACRUZ: ANÁLISIS TIPOLÓGICO</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En los últimos años, los artefactos líticos tallados en obsidiana, han sido uno de los materiales más analizados en las investigaciones arqueológicas entorno a las sociedades prehispánicas. Con base en los estudios líticos sobre los... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11645375" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En los últimos años, los artefactos líticos tallados en obsidiana, han sido uno de los materiales más analizados en las investigaciones arqueológicas entorno a las sociedades prehispánicas. Con base en los estudios líticos sobre los yacimientos, los tipos de artefactos, el color, la manufactura, etcétera, los investigadores sugieren que se pueden hacer inferencias acerca de la temporalidad de un sitio hasta de aspectos socio-económicos de organización y de comercio. De este modo, tanto la distribución específica de yacimientos de obsidiana, así la necesidad de los pueblos por contar con herramientas para realizar tareas básicas de corte, establecieron las condiciones para la relación de intercambio y comercio con sitios a corta y larga distancia. <br />Los materiales manufacturados en obsidiana del sitio de Medias Aguas, Veracruz fueron analizados a partir de un estudio macroscópico, bajo la premisa de que en el área no existió ningún yacimiento de obsidiana, pero sí tipos específicos de artefactos, de acuerdo con su función, considerados como tipos tecnológicos utilizados en determinados periodos y regiones de Mesoamérica.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11645375" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f2131b6f59e4f419a1dfb5be2f286b6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37262235,"asset_id":11645375,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37262235/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11825229" href="https://uv-mx.academia.edu/VirginiaArieta">Virginia Arieta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11825229" type="text/json">{"id":11825229,"first_name":"Virginia","last_name":"Arieta","domain_name":"uv-mx","page_name":"VirginiaArieta","display_name":"Virginia Arieta","profile_url":"https://uv-mx.academia.edu/VirginiaArieta?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11825229/3412470/17382049/s65_virginia.arieta.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11645375 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11645375"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11645375, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11645375", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5859212]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5859212").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5859212").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5859212"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15326" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian">Obsidian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15326" type="text/json">{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="280359" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians">Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="280359" type="text/json">{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="565831" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Artifacts">Obsidian Artifacts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="565831" type="text/json">{"id":565831,"name":"Obsidian Artifacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Artifacts?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1076844" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Classification">Obsidian Classification</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1076844" type="text/json">{"id":1076844,"name":"Obsidian Classification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Classification?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5859212]'), work: {"id":5859212,"title":"The Nch'kay (Mount Garibaldi) Obsidian Source and its Local to Regional Archaeological Distribution","created_at":"2014-01-27T08:17:54.424-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5859212/The_Nchkay_Mount_Garibaldi_Obsidian_Source_and_its_Local_to_Regional_Archaeological_Distribution?f_ri=15326","dom_id":"work_5859212","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32856514,"asset_id":5859212,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":546136,"first_name":"Rudy","last_name":"Reimer","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"RudyReimer","display_name":"Rudy Reimer","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/RudyReimer?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/546136/196656/2816810/s65_rudy.reimer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15326,"name":"Obsidian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":280359,"name":"Geochemical Characterization of Obsidians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemical_Characterization_of_Obsidians?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":565831,"name":"Obsidian Artifacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Artifacts?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false},{"id":1076844,"name":"Obsidian Classification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obsidian_Classification?f_ri=15326","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26056815 coauthored" data-work_id="26056815" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26056815/Andean_Past_12_2016">Andean Past 12 2016</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This volume of Andean Past contains the following articles, research reports, and obituaries: "Editor's Preface" by Monica Barnes; "Donald Frederick Sola" by Monica Barnes; Paulina Mercedes Ledergerber-Crespo" by A. Jorge Arellano-Lopez;... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26056815" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This volume of Andean Past contains the following articles, research reports, and obituaries: "Editor's Preface" by Monica Barnes; "Donald Frederick Sola" by Monica Barnes; Paulina Mercedes Ledergerber-Crespo" by A. Jorge Arellano-Lopez; "Death Notices (Robert Ascher, Bernd Lambert, Daniel W. Gade, and George Bankes) by Monica Barnes and Bill Sillar; "Obsidian Procurement and Cosmopolitanism at the Middle Horizon Settlement of Conchopata, Peru" by Richard L. Burger, Catherine M. Bencic, and Michael D. Glascock; "Characteristics and Significance of Tapia Walls and the Mochica Presence at Santa Rosa de Pucala in the Mid-Lambayeque Valley" by Edgar Bracamonte; "Health at the Edge of the Wari Empire: An Analysis of Skeletal Remains from Hatun Cotuyoc, Huaro, Peru" by Sara L. Juengst and Maeve Skidmore; "Demographic Analysis of a Looted Late Intermediate Period Tomb, Chincha Valley, Peru" by Camille Weinberg, Benjamin T. Nigra, Maria Cecilia Lozada, Charles Stanish, Henry Tantalean, Jacob Bongers, and Terrah Jones; "Macrobotanical Remains from the 2009 Season at Caylan: Preliminary Insights into Early Horizon Plant Use in the Nepena Valley, North-Central Coast of Peru" by David Chicoine, Beverly Clement, and Kyle Stich; "Obsidian Technology at the Wari Site of Conchopata in Ayacucho, Peru" by Catherine M. Bencic; "Incahuasi, Canete" by Alejandro Chu; "Luis Barreda Murillo's Excavations at Huanuco Pampa, 1965" Monica Barnes; "Early Village Formation in Desert Areas of Tarapaca, Northern Chile (Eleventh Century B.C.--Thirteenth Century A.D.)" by Simon Urbina, Leonor Adan, Constanza Pellegrino, and Estefania Vidal; and "Don Mateo-El Cerro, a Newly Rediscovered Late Period Settlement in Yocavil (Catamarca, Argentina) by Alina Alvarez Larrain.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26056815" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d9bfccaebcbe1ad503d509f81c0b160" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46397186,"asset_id":26056815,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46397186/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NDI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24543407" href="https://amnh.academia.edu/MonicaBarnes">Monica Barnes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24543407" type="text/json">{"id":24543407,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Barnes","domain_name":"amnh","page_name":"MonicaBarnes","display_name":"Monica Barnes","profile_url":"https://amnh.academia.edu/MonicaBarnes?f_ri=15326","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24543407/9916070/11055779/s65_monica.barnes.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-26056815">+13</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-26056815"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://umaine.academia.edu/DanSandweiss">Dan Sandweiss</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://smcm.academia.edu/RuthAnnePhillips">Ruth Anne Phillips</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CatherineMBencic">Catherine M. Bencic</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uncc.academia.edu/SaraJuengst">Sara L Juengst</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://utexas.academia.edu/CamilleWeinberg">Camille Weinberg</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucla.academia.edu/BenjaminNigra">Benjamin Nigra</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://chicago.academia.edu/MariaCeciliaLozadaCerna">Maria Cecilia Lozada Cerna</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://sydney.academia.edu/JacobBongers">Jacob Bongers</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unmsm.academia.edu/AlejandroChu">Alejandro Chu</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uach.academia.edu/SIMONURBINA">Simón Urbina</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeonorAd%C3%A1n">Leonor Adán Alfaro</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uahurtado.academia.edu/Estefan%C3%ADaVidalMontero">Estefanía Vidal Montero</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://deerlab.academia.edu/AlinaAlvarezLarrain">Alina Alvarez Larrain</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-26056815'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-26056815').html(); 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