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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>The Great Illusion</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Great_Illusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Money_Game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Money_Game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><i>The Money Game</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Money_Game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Norman Angell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نورمان إنجيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نورمان إنجيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Encell" title="Norman Encell – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Norman Encell" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="নরম্যান অ্যাঞ্জেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নরম্যান অ্যাঞ্জেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Ральф Норман Энджэл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ральф Норман Энджэл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Ральф Норман Энджэл – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ральф Норман Энджэл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Норман Ейнджъл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Норман Ейнджъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Norman_Angell" title="Ralph Norman Angell – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ralph Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84" title="نورمن آنجل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نورمن آنجل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A8%BC_%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B8%EC%A0%88" title="노먼 에인절 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노먼 에인절" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Norman_Angell" title="Ralph Norman Angell – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ralph Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%9C" title="נורמן אנג'ל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נורמן אנג'ל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="რალფ ნორმან ენჯელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რალფ ნორმან ენჯელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84" title="نورمان انجيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نورمان انجيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB" title="ラルフ・ノーマン・エンジェル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラルフ・ノーマン・エンジェル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2" title="ਨਾਰਮਨ ਏਂਜਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਰਮਨ ਏਂਜਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84" title="نارمن انگل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نارمن انگل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB,_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эйнджелл, Норман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эйнджелл, Норман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurman_Anjell" title="Nurman Anjell – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Nurman Anjell" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Norman Angell" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Ральф Енджелл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ральф Енджелл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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searchaux" style="display:none">British politician and Nobel Laureate</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;">Sir</div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Ralph Norman Angell</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_Angell_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Norman_Angell_01.jpg/220px-Norman_Angell_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Norman_Angell_01.jpg/330px-Norman_Angell_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Norman_Angell_01.jpg/440px-Norman_Angell_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3630" data-file-height="4860" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Bradford_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bradford North (UK Parliament constituency)">Bradford North</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 May 1929 – 7 October 1931</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ramsden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Ramsden">Eugene Ramsden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Eugene Ramsden</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ralph Norman Angell Lane</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1872-12-26</span>)</span>26 December 1872<br /><a href="/wiki/Holbeach" title="Holbeach">Holbeach</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 October 1967<span style="display:none">(1967-10-07)</span> (aged 94)<br /><a href="/wiki/Croydon" title="Croydon">Croydon</a>, Surrey, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lecturer" title="Lecturer">lecturer</a>, journalist, author, politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (1933)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir Ralph Norman Angell</b> (26 December 1872 – 7 October 1967) was an English <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> winner. He was a lecturer, journalist, author and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><sup id="cite_ref-NA-Angell_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NA-Angell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the <a href="/wiki/The_Labour_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>. </p><p>Angell was one of the principal founders of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Control" title="Union of Democratic Control">Union of Democratic Control</a>. He served on the Council of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_International_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Institute of International Affairs">Royal Institute of International Affairs</a>, was an executive for the <a href="/wiki/World_Committee_against_War_and_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="World Committee against War and Fascism">World Committee against War and Fascism</a>, a member of the executive committee of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_Union" title="League of Nations Union">League of Nations Union</a>, and the president of the Abyssinia Association. He was made a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> in 1931 and awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-Angell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Street,_Holbeach_(geograph_4099230).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/High_Street%2C_Holbeach_%28geograph_4099230%29.jpg/220px-High_Street%2C_Holbeach_%28geograph_4099230%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/High_Street%2C_Holbeach_%28geograph_4099230%29.jpg/330px-High_Street%2C_Holbeach_%28geograph_4099230%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/High_Street%2C_Holbeach_%28geograph_4099230%29.jpg/440px-High_Street%2C_Holbeach_%28geograph_4099230%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Angell's birthplace on High Street, Holbeach, marked by a blue plaque</figcaption></figure> <p>Angell was the sixth child born to Thomas Angell Lane and Mary (née Brittain) Lane in <a href="/wiki/Holbeach" title="Holbeach">Holbeach</a>, Lincolnshire, England.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-Angell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born <b>Ralph Norman Angell Lane</b>, but later adopted <b>Angell</b> as his sole surname.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended several schools in England, the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Alexandre_Ribot" title="Lycée Alexandre Ribot">Lycée Alexandre Ribot</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Omer" title="Saint-Omer">Saint-Omer</a> in France,<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-Angell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>, while editing an English-language newspaper published in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-Angell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Geneva, Angell felt that Europe was "hopelessly entangled in insoluble problems". Then, still only 17, he emigrated to the West Coast of the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-Angell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where for several years he worked as a vine planter, an irrigation-ditch digger, a cowboy, a California <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Act">homesteader</a> (after filing for American citizenship), a mail carrier, a <a href="/wiki/Prospecting" title="Prospecting">prospector</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BSU-Angell_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSU-Angell-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then, closer to his natural skills, as a reporter for the <i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Globe-Democrat" title="St. Louis Globe-Democrat">St. Louis Globe-Democrat</a></i> and later the <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-Angell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to family matters he returned to England briefly in 1898, then moved to Paris to work as a sub-editor of the English-language <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Messenger" title="Daily Messenger">Daily Messenger</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-BSU-Angell_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSU-Angell-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then as a staff contributor to the newspaper <i>Éclair</i>. Also during this period he acted as French correspondent for some American newspapers, to which he sent dispatches on the progress of the <a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-Angell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1905–12, he became the Paris editor for the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i>. </p><p>He returned to England and, in 1914, co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Control" title="Union of Democratic Control">Union of Democratic Control</a>. He joined the Labour Party in 1920 and was parliamentary candidate for <a href="/wiki/Rushcliffe_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rushcliffe (UK Parliament constituency)">Rushcliffe</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">general election of 1922</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Rossendale_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rossendale (UK Parliament constituency)">Rossendale</a> in <a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a>. He was MP for <a href="/wiki/Bradford_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford North">Bradford North</a> from 1929 to 1931; after the formation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Government_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Government (United Kingdom)">National Government</a>, he announced his decision not to seek reelection on 24 September 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1931 he was <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighted</a> for his public and political services, and in 1933 he received the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-Angell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stood unsuccessfully for the <a href="/wiki/London_University_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="London University (UK Parliament constituency)">London University seat</a> in <a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a>. </p><p>From the mid-1930s, Angell actively campaigned for collective international opposition to the aggressive policies of Germany, Italy, and Japan. He went to the United States in 1940 to lecture in favour of American support for Britain in World War II, and remained there until after the publication of his autobiography in 1951. He later returned to Britain and died at the age of 94 in <a href="/wiki/Croydon" title="Croydon">Croydon</a>, Surrey.<sup id="cite_ref-BSU-Angell_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSU-Angell-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married Beatrice Cuvellier, but they separated and he lived his last 55 years alone. He purchased <a href="/wiki/Northey_Island" title="Northey Island">Northey Island</a>, Essex, which is attached to the mainland only at low tide, and lived in the island's sole dwelling. </p><p>Angell's <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_medal" title="Nobel Prize medal">Nobel Prize medal</a> was sold at auction at <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a>, London, in 1983 for $12,000 (equivalent to $36,710 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-English2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a>, with its accompanying scroll.<sup id="cite_ref-IWM_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-English2005_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Great_Illusion"><i>The Great Illusion</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Great Illusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Illusion" title="The Great Illusion">The Great Illusion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1933_Nobel_Peace_Prize_awarded_to_Norman_Angell.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1933_Nobel_Peace_Prize_awarded_to_Norman_Angell.JPG/220px-1933_Nobel_Peace_Prize_awarded_to_Norman_Angell.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1933_Nobel_Peace_Prize_awarded_to_Norman_Angell.JPG/330px-1933_Nobel_Peace_Prize_awarded_to_Norman_Angell.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/1933_Nobel_Peace_Prize_awarded_to_Norman_Angell.JPG/440px-1933_Nobel_Peace_Prize_awarded_to_Norman_Angell.JPG 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>1933 Nobel Peace Prize medal awarded to Angell</figcaption></figure> <p>Angell is most remembered for his 1909 pamphlet <i>Europe's Optical Illusion,</i> which was published the next year (and many years thereafter) as the book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Illusion" title="The Great Illusion">The Great Illusion</a></i>. (The anti-war film <i><a href="/wiki/La_Grande_Illusion" title="La Grande Illusion">La Grande Illusion</a></i> took its title from his pamphlet.) The book's thesis is that the <a href="/wiki/Economic_integration" title="Economic integration">economic integration</a> of the European countries had grown to such a degree that war between them would be entirely futile, making militarism obsolete. This quotation from the "Synopsis" to the popular 1913 edition summarizes his basic argument. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He establishes this apparent paradox, in so far as the economic problem is concerned, by showing that wealth in the economically civilized world is founded upon credit and commercial contract (these being the outgrowth of an economic interdependence due to the increasing division of labour and greatly developed communication). If credit and commercial contract are tampered with in an attempt at confiscation, the credit-dependent wealth is undermined, and its collapse involves that of the conqueror; so that if conquest is not to be self-injurious it must respect the enemy’s property, in which case it becomes economically futile. Thus the wealth of conquered territory remains in the hands of the population of such territory. When Germany annexed Alsace, no individual German secured a single mark’s worth of Alsatian property as the spoils of war. Conquest in the modern world is a process of multiplying by x, and then obtaining the original figure by dividing by x. For a modern nation to add to its territory no more adds to the wealth of the people of such nation than it would add to the wealth of Londoners if the City of London were to annex the county of Hertford.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, British historian and polemicist <a href="/wiki/G._G._Coulton" title="G. G. Coulton">G. G. Coulton</a> authored a purported refutation of Angell's pamphlet.<sup id="cite_ref-Coulton_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coulton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Money_Game"><i>The Money Game</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Money Game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angell was also the designer of <i>The Money Game</i>, a visual method of teaching schoolchildren the fundamentals of finance and banking. First published in 1928 by <a href="/wiki/J._M._Dent_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="J. M. Dent & Sons">J. M. Dent & Sons</a>, <i>The Money Game, How to Play It: A New Instrument of Economic Education</i> was both a book and a game. The bulk of the book was an essay on money and a discussion of economic theory. It also contained a summary of the game's story and an explanation of the rules.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Angell's book <i>The Press and the Organisation of Society</i> is cited as a source in <a href="/wiki/F._R._Leavis" title="F. R. Leavis">F. R. Leavis</a>' pamphlet <i>Mass Civilisation and Minority Culture</i> (1930).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vera_Brittain" title="Vera Brittain">Vera Brittain</a> quoted Angell's statement on "the moral obligation to be intelligent" several times in her work.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(As Ralph Lane) <i>Patriotism under Three Flags: A Plea for Rationalism in Politics</i> (1903)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/europesopticalil00ange#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Europe's Optical Illusion</i></a> (First ed.), London, UK: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1909<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+Optical+Illusion&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Simpkin%2C+Marshall%2C+Hamilton%2C+Kent+%26+Co.&rft.date=1909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Feuropesopticalil00ange%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/greatillusionas03angegoog#page/n6/mode/2up"><i>The Great Illusion: A Study of the Relation of Military Power in Nations to their Economic and Social Advantage</i></a> (First ed.), New York: G.P. Putnam's & Sons, 1910<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Illusion%3A+A+Study+of+the+Relation+of+Military+Power+in+Nations+to+their+Economic+and+Social+Advantage&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+%26+Sons&rft.date=1910&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgreatillusionas03angegoog%23page%2Fn6%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>America and the New World State</i> (in U.S., 1912)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatillusionstu0000norm/mode/2up"><i>The Great Illusion: A study of the relation of military power to national advantage</i></a> (1913)</li> <li><i>War and the Workers</i> (1913)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PeaceTheoriesAndTheBalkanWar"><i>Peace Theories and the Balkan War</i></a> (First ed.), London, UK: Horace Marshall & Son, 1912<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace+Theories+and+the+Balkan+War&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Horace+Marshall+%26+Son&rft.date=1912&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPeaceTheoriesAndTheBalkanWar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jstor-20666783/page/n1/mode/2up"><i>Open Letter from Norman Angell</i></a> (1913)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/foundationsofint00angeiala#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The Foundations of International Polity</i></a> (First ed.), London, UK: William Heinemann, 1914, p. 235<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foundations+of+International+Polity&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=235&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=William+Heinemann&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ffoundationsofint00angeiala%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americaandnewwo01angegoog#page/n8/mode/2up"><i>America and the New World-State. A Plea for American Leadership in International Organization</i></a> (First ed.), New York & London, UK: G.P. 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A Plea for American Leadership in International Organization</i></a> (1915)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldshighway00angegoog"><i>The World's Highway</i></a> (1916)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dangershalfprep00angegoog/page/n10/mode/2up"><i>The Dangers of Half Preparedness. A Plea for a Declaration of American Policy</i></a> (1916, in U.S.)</li> <li><i>War Aims: The Need for a Parliament of the Allies</i> (1917)</li> <li><i>Why Freedom Matters</i> (1917)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalcondit00angegoog/page/n6/mode/2up"><i>The Political Conditions of Allied Success. A plea for the Protective Union of the Democracies</i></a> (1918, in U.S.)</li> <li><i>The Treaties and the Economic Chaos</i> (1919)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britishrevolutio00angeiala/page/n13/mode/2up"><i>The British Revolution and the American Democracy</i></a> (1919)</li> <li><i><a href="//doi.org/10.2307/29738420" class="extiw" title="doi:10.2307/29738420">The Peace Treaty and the Economic Chaos of Europe</a></i> (1920). The Swathmore Press.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/fruitsofvictory00angeuoft#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The Fruits of Victory: A Sequel to "The Great Illusion"</i></a> (First ed.), London, UK: W. Collins Sons & Co., 1921, p. 338<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fruits+of+Victory%3A+A+Sequel+to+%22The+Great+Illusion%22&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=338&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=W.+Collins+Sons+%26+Co.&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ffruitsofvictory00angeuoft%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>The Press and the Organization of Society</i> (1922)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ifbritainistoliv00angeuoft/page/n7/mode/2up"><i>If Britain is to Live</i></a> (1923)</li> <li><i>Foreign Policy and Human Nature</i> (1925)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mustbritaintrave0000ange/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Must Britain Travel the Moscow Road?</i></a> (1926)</li> <li><i>The Public Mind: Its Disorders: Its Exploitation</i> (1927)</li> <li><i>The Money Game: Card Games Illustrating Currency</i> (1928)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofmoney00ange"><i>The Story of Money</i></a> (First ed.), Garden City, NY: Garden City Pub. Co., 1929<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Money&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Garden+City+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofmoney00ange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Can Governments Cure Unemployment?</i> (1931, with Harold Wright)</li> <li><i>From Chaos to Control</i> (1932)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22/page/n1/mode/2up"><i>The Unseen Assassins</i></a> (1932)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.88977/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>The Great Illusion—1933</i></a> (1933)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.11990/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The Press And The Organisation Of Society</i></a> (1933)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278253/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>The Intelligent Man’s Way To Prevent War</i></a> (1934)</li> <li><i>The Menace to Our National Defence</i> (1934)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prefacetopeacegu0000ange/page/n7/mode/2up"><i>Preface to Peace: A Guide for the Plain Man</i></a> (1935)</li> <li><i>The Mystery of Money: An Explanation for Beginners</i> (1936)</li> <li><i>This Have and Have Not Business: Political Fantasy and Economic Fact</i> (1936)</li> <li><i>Raw Materials, Population Pressure and War</i> (1936, in U.S.)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheDefenceOfTheEmpire/page/n1/mode/2up"><i>The Defence of the Empire</i></a> (1937)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.81590/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Peace with the Dictators? A symposium and some conclusions</i></a> (1938)</li> <li><i>Must it be War?</i> (1938)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.2362/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>The Great Illusion—Now</i></a> (1939)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forwhatdowefight0000unse/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>For What do We Fight?</i></a> (1939)</li> <li><i>You and the Refugee</i> (1939)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.33852/page/n3/mode/2up"><i>Why Freedom Matters</i></a> (1940)</li> <li><i>America's Dilemma</i> (1941, in U.S.)</li> <li><i>Let the People Know</i> (1943, in U.S.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanewworld0000norm/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>America and the New World</i></a> (1945)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/steepplaces0000norm/page/n5/mode/2up"><i>The Steep Places</i></a> (1947)</li> <li><i>After All: The Autobiography of Norman Angell</i> (London: <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Hamilton" title="Hamish Hamilton">Hamish Hamilton</a>, 1951; rpt. New York: <a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Farrar, Straus and Young">Farrar, Straus and Young</a>, 1952). [Out of print.]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeadel2009" class="citation book cs1">Ceadel, Martin (16 July 2009). <i>Living the Great Illusion</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957116-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957116-1"><bdi>978-0-19-957116-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+the+Great+Illusion&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-07-16&rft.isbn=978-0-19-957116-1&rft.aulast=Ceadel&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._D._B._Miller" title="J. D. B. Miller">Miller, John Donald Bruce</a> (1986). <i>Norman Angell and the Futility of War</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-57773-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-57773-5"><bdi>978-0-312-57773-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norman+Angell+and+the+Futility+of+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-312-57773-5&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=John+Donald+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeadowcroft2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Meadowcroft" title="Michael Meadowcroft">Meadowcroft, Michael</a> (2007). "Norman Angell". In Brack, Duncan; Randall, Ed (eds.). <i>Dictionary of Liberal Thought</i>. London: Methuen Publishing. pp. 9–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84275-167-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84275-167-1"><bdi>978-1-84275-167-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Norman+Angell&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Liberal+Thought&rft.place=London&rft.pages=9-11&rft.pub=Methuen+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84275-167-1&rft.aulast=Meadowcroft&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastelli2019" class="citation book cs1">Castelli, Alberto (2019). <i>The Peace Discourse in Europe, 1900-1945</i>. London; New York: Routledge. pp. 21–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-49000-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-49000-0"><bdi>978-1-138-49000-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Peace+Discourse+in+Europe%2C+1900-1945&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pages=21-37&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-138-49000-0&rft.aulast=Castelli&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Molloy, Seán (2024). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00471178241231729">Angell versus Mahan: revisiting International Relations on the eve of World War I</a>". <i>International Relations</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_money" title="History of money">History of money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NA-Angell-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NA-Angell_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=P629&tabType=ARCHIVE">National Archives</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/Edinburgh/issue/14719/page/12"><i>The Edinburgh Gazette</i></a>, 6 January 1931, p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Edinburgh+Gazette&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1931-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FEdinburgh%2Fissue%2F14719%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize-Angell-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize-Angell_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1933/angell-bio.html">Angell biography</a>, nobelprize.org; retrieved 11 September 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCeadel" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ceadel, Martin. "Angell, Sir (Ralph) Norman [formerly Ralph Norman Angell Lane] (1872–1967)". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F30419">10.1093/ref:odnb/30419</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Angell%2C+Sir+%28Ralph%29+Norman+%5Bformerly+Ralph+Norman+Angell+Lane%5D+%281872%E2%80%931967%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F30419&rft.aulast=Ceadel&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette31809" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31809/page/2820">"No. 31809"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 5 March 1920. p. 2820.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+31809&rft.pages=2820&rft.date=1920-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F31809%2Fpage%2F2820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BSU-Angell-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BSU-Angell_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BSU-Angell_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BSU-Angell_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927202034/http://www.bsu.edu/library/collections/archives/normanangell/">"Ball State University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsu.edu/library/collections/archives/normanangell/">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ball+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsu.edu%2Flibrary%2Fcollections%2Farchives%2Fnormanangell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, 25 September 1931, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-English2005-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-English2005_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-English2005_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2005" class="citation book cs1">English, James F. (2005). <i>The Economy of Prestige</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01884-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01884-6"><bdi>978-0-674-01884-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Economy+of+Prestige&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01884-6&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=James+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IWM-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IWM_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227175441/https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30011223">"Nobel Peace Prize Gold Medal 1933"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Peace+Prize+Gold+Medal+1933&rft.pub=Imperial+War+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fitem%2Fobject%2F30011223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngell1913" class="citation cs2">Angell, Norman (1913), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924007365467#page/n25/mode/2up"><i>The Great Illusion: A Study of the Relation of Military Power in Nations to their Economic and Social Advantage</i></a> (3 ed.), New York and London: G.P. Putnam's & Sons, pp. X–XI<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Illusion%3A+A+Study+of+the+Relation+of+Military+Power+in+Nations+to+their+Economic+and+Social+Advantage&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=X-XI&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+%26+Sons&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Angell&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924007365467%23page%2Fn25%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coulton-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coulton_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mainillusionsofp00coulrich/page/n8/mode/2up">Coulton, G.G., <i>The Main Illusions of Pacifism: A Criticism of Mr. Norman Angell and of the Union of Democratic Control,</i> (Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes, 1916) (retrieved November 25, 2022).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristine_Riggle2012" class="citation web cs1">Christine Riggle (22 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-21/how-depression-era-children-learned-about-money-echoes.html">"How Depression-Era Children Learned About Money"</a>. Bloomberg.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Depression-Era+Children+Learned+About+Money&rft.pub=Bloomberg.com&rft.date=2012-03-22&rft.au=Christine+Riggle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-03-21%2Fhow-depression-era-children-learned-about-money-echoes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeane1998" class="citation book cs1">Deane, Patrick (1998). <i>History in our hands: a critical anthology of writings on literature, culture, and politics from the 1930s</i>. 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(1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2768821">"Review of Latin America.; Raw Materials, Population Pressure and War"</a>. <i>American Journal of Sociology</i>. <b>42</b> (2): 299–299. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9602">0002-9602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=Review+of+Latin+America.%3B+Raw+Materials%2C+Population+Pressure+and+War.&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=299-299&rft.date=1936&rft.issn=0002-9602&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Earl+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2768821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Angell&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Norman_Angell" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></i> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/sir-ralph-angell">contributions in Parliament by Norman Angell</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30011223">OMD 5620: Nobel Peace Prize Gold Medal 1933</a>, iwm.org.uk</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/498">Norman Angell</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272224#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>, accessed 28 April 2020 including the Nobel Lecture, 12 June 1935 <i>Peace and the Public Mind</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F61087">"Archival material relating to Norman Angell"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">UK National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archival+material+relating+to+Norman+Angell&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fc%2FF61087&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Angell" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272224#P3029" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsu.edu/libraries/archives/findingaids/SPEC010.pdf">Sir Norman Angell Papers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215114028/http://www.bsu.edu/libraries/archives/findingaids/SPEC010.pdf">Archived</a> 15 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Archives and Special Collections, Ball State University Libraries (PDF)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/4121">Works by Norman Angell</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Angell%2C%20Norman%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Norman%20Angell%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Angell%2C%20Norman%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Norman%20Angell%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Angell%2C%20N%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Norman%20Angell%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Angell%2C%20Norman%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Norman%20Angell%22%29%20OR%20%28%221872-1967%22%20AND%20Angell%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Norman Angell</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/8768">Works by Norman Angell</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272224#P1899" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panarchy.org/angell/humannature.html">Norman Angell, On Human Nature</a> (1913)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/000529">Newspaper clippings about Norman Angell</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272224#P4293" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ramsden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Ramsden">Eugene Ramsden</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament for <a href="/wiki/Bradford_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford North">Bradford North</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a>–<a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ramsden" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Ramsden">Eugene Ramsden</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1914</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1915</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1918</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1923</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1928</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1932</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1933: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norman Angell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1939</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1943</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1948</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1955</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1956</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#757575">1972</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award)</i> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a> (Russia/France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norman Angell</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> (Austria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (Great Britain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1928_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1928 Nobel Prize winners">1928</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1929_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1929 Nobel Prize winners">1929</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1930_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1930 Nobel Prize winners">1930</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1931_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1931 Nobel Prize winners">1931</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1932_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1932 Nobel Prize winners">1932</a></dd> <dd><b>1933 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1934_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1934 Nobel Prize winners">1934</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1935_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1935 Nobel Prize winners">1935</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1936_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1936 Nobel Prize winners">1936</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1937_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1937 Nobel Prize winners">1937</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1938_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1938 Nobel Prize winners">1938</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272224#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272224#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122798410">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51708094">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1752777/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyGVQcvRdWmvWMqmJhbVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118637711">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043566">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120437676">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120437676">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00517750">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35007057">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000600257&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1193854">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/24977">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072789018">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=124269">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810594534205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/18720">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257611205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517771306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03406715?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/787375">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118637711.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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