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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Involvement_in_trauma_healing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involvement_in_trauma_healing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Involvement in trauma healing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involvement_in_trauma_healing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leading_a_mass_women's_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leading_a_mass_women's_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Leading a mass women's movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leading_a_mass_women's_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consolidating_the_peace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consolidating_the_peace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Consolidating the peace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consolidating_the_peace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Master's_degree_in_peacebuilding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Master's_degree_in_peacebuilding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Master's degree in peacebuilding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Master's_degree_in_peacebuilding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_in_Peace_and_Security_Network_(WIPSEN)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_in_Peace_and_Security_Network_(WIPSEN)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Women in Peace and Security Network (WIPSEN) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_in_Peace_and_Security_Network_(WIPSEN)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_struggles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_struggles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Personal life and struggles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_struggles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Religious views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentary_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentary_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Documentary film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentary_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Awards and recognitions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_recognitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Awards and recognitions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Honorary degrees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Other activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Leymah Gbowee</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" > 76 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Гбови, Лейма – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Гбови, Лейма" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A" title="ليما غبوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليما غبوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyma_Qbovi" title="Leyma Qbovi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Leyma Qbovi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87" title="লেমা বোউই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লেমা বোউই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Лейма Гбови – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лейма Гбови" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Лейма Гбові – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лейма Гбові" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B8" title="Лейма Гбоуи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лейма Гбоуи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gboweeov%C3%A1" title="Leymah Gboweeová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Leymah Gboweeová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9" title="Λέιμα Γκμπόουι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λέιμα Γκμπόουι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C" title="لیما گبوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیما گبوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%A7%88_%EB%B3%B4%EC%9C%84" title="리마 보위 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리마 보위" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%A1_%D4%B3%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB" title="Լեյմա Գբովի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեյմա Գբովի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%88" title="लीमेह जीबोई – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लीमेह जीबोई" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99" title="לימה בואי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לימה בואי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90_%E1%83%92%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ლეიმა გბოვი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლეიმა გბოვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leimaha_Gbov%C4%AB" title="Leimaha Gbovī – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Leimaha Gbovī" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="लेमाह बोवी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लेमाह बोवी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80" title="ലെയ്മാ ഗ്ബോവീ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലെയ്മാ ഗ്ബോവീ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%89" title="ليما جبوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليما جبوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="लेमाह बोवी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लेमाह बोवी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3" title="レイマ・ボウィ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レイマ・ボウィ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80" title="ਲੇਮਾਹ ਬੌਵੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੇਮਾਹ ਬੌਵੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%92%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%81_%DA%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C" title="لےماہ گبووی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لےماہ گبووی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Гбови, Лейма – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гбови, Лейма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gboweeov%C3%A1" title="Leymah Gboweeová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Leymah Gboweeová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%DA%AF%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="لیما گبۆوی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیما گبۆوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Лејма Гбови – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лејма Гбови" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80" title="லேமா குபோவீ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லேமா குபோவீ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Лейма Гбови – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лейма Гбови" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5" title="เลย์มาห์ โบวี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลย์มาห์ โบวี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Гбови, Лейма – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Гбови, Лейма" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Лейма Гбові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лейма Гбові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C" title="لیما غبووی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیما غبووی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%9A%E8%96%87" title="莱伊曼·古博薇 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莱伊曼·古博薇" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%9A%E8%96%87" title="莱伊曼·古博薇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莱伊曼·古博薇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Leymah Gbowee" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107037#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Liberian peace activist (born 1972)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Leymah Gbowee</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Leymah_Gbowee_no_Fronteiras_do_Pensamento_Porto_Alegre_2013_(9730602149)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Leymah_Gbowee_no_Fronteiras_do_Pensamento_Porto_Alegre_2013_%289730602149%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Leymah_Gbowee_no_Fronteiras_do_Pensamento_Porto_Alegre_2013_%289730602149%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Leymah_Gbowee_no_Fronteiras_do_Pensamento_Porto_Alegre_2013_%289730602149%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Leymah_Gbowee_no_Fronteiras_do_Pensamento_Porto_Alegre_2013_%289730602149%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Leymah_Gbowee_no_Fronteiras_do_Pensamento_Porto_Alegre_2013_%289730602149%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Leymah_Gbowee_no_Fronteiras_do_Pensamento_Porto_Alegre_2013_%289730602149%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1398" data-file-height="1864" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Gbowee in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Leymah Roberta Gbowee</div> (1972-02-01) 1 February 1972 (age 52) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Central <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data">AA degree in social work, Mother Patern College of Health Sciences, Monrovia, Liberia; MA in conflict transformation, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mennonite_University" title="Eastern Mennonite University">Eastern Mennonite University</a>, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Peace_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace activist">Peace activist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Liberia_Mass_Action_for_Peace" title="Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace">Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pray_the_Devil_Back_to_Hell" title="Pray the Devil Back to Hell">Pray the Devil Back to Hell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> Leymah Roberta Gbowee (born 1 February 1972) is a Liberian <a href="/wiki/Peace_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace activist">peace activist</a> responsible for leading a women's non-violent peace movement, <a href="/wiki/Women_of_Liberia_Mass_Action_for_Peace" title="Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace">Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace</a> that helped bring an end to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">Second Liberian Civil War</a> in 2003. Her efforts to end the war, along with her collaborator <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a>, helped usher in a period of peace and enabled a free election in 2005 that Sirleaf won.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Gbowee and Sirleaf, along with <a href="/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawakkul Karman">Tawakkul Karman</a>, were awarded the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> "for their <a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">non-violent</a> struggle for the safety of women and for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a> to full participation in peace-building work."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-3">[3]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Leymah Gbowee was born in central <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> on 1 February 1972. At the age of 17, she was living with her parents and two of her three sisters in <a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a> while planning on continuing her education,<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> when the <a href="/wiki/First_Liberian_Civil_War" title="First Liberian Civil War">First Liberian Civil War</a> erupted in 1989,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> throwing the country into chaos until 1996.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 15–25, 50  "As the war subsided she learned about a program run by <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>,... training people to be social workers who would then counsel those traumatized by war," wrote Gbowee in her 2011 memoir, Mighty Be Our Powers.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 50  She did a three-month training, which led her to be aware of her own abuse at the hands of the father of her two young children, son Joshua "Nuku" and daughter Amber.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 50  Searching for peace and sustenance for her family, Gbowee followed her partner, called Daniel in her memoir, to Ghana where she and her growing family (her second son, Arthur, was born) lived as virtually homeless refugees and almost starved.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 59–68  She fled with her three children, riding a bus on credit for over a week "because I didn't have a cent," back to the chaos of Liberia, where her parents and other family members still lived.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 69  In 1998, in an effort to gain admission to an associate of arts degree program in social work at Mother Patern College of Health Sciences, Gbowee became a volunteer within a program of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Church</a> in Liberia operating out of St. Peter's Lutheran Church in Monrovia, where her mother was a women's leader and Gbowee had passed her teenage years. It was called the Trauma Healing and Reconciliation Program (THRP), and it marked the beginning of Gbowee's journey toward being a peace activist:<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 80–82  The THRP's offices were new, but the program had a history. Liberia's churches had been active in peace efforts ever since the civil war started, and in 1991, Lutheran pastors, lay leaders, teachers and health workers joined with the Christian Health Association of Liberia to try to repair the psychic and social damage left by the war.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 81  Gbowee studied and worked her way toward her associate of art degree, conferred in 2001,<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 111  while applying her training in trauma healing and reconciliation to try to rehabilitate some of the ex-<a href="/wiki/Child_soldiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Child soldiers">child soldiers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(Liberia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Taylor (Liberia)">Charles Taylor's</a> army.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Surrounded by the images of war, she realized that "if any changes were to be made in society it had to be by the mothers".<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Gbowee gave birth to a second daughter Nicole "Pudu", making her the mother of four, as she engaged in the next chapter of her life's journey – rallying the women of Liberia to stop the violence that was destroying their children.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_training">Education and training</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and training">edit</a>]</div> Gbowee obtained an Associate of Arts degree in social work (2001) from Mother Patern College of Health Sciences in Monrovia, Liberia, and subsequently graduated with a Master of Arts in Conflict Transformation (2007) from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mennonite_University" title="Eastern Mennonite University">Eastern Mennonite University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia" title="Harrisonburg, Virginia">Harrisonburg, Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> She also received a certificate in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Training from the United Nations Institute for Training, the Healing Victims of War Trauma Center in Cameroon, and Non-Violent Peace Education in Liberia<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> Gbowee is the founder and president of Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa, founded in 2012<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and based in Monrovia, which provides educational and leadership opportunities to girls, women and the youth in Liberia. In addition, Gbowee is the former executive director of the Women Peace and Security Network Africa, based in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> which builds relationships across the West African sub-region in support of women's capacity to prevent, avert, and end conflicts. She is a founding member and former coordinator of the Women in Peacebuilding Program/West African Network for Peacebuilding (WIPNET/WANEP).<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a> She also served as the commissioner-designate for the Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission. For the 2013–2015 academic years, she was a Distinguished Fellow in <a href="/wiki/Social_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Justice">Social Justice</a> at <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> From 2012 to 2014, Gbowee served on the High-Level Task Force for the <a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Population_and_Development" title="International Conference on Population and Development">International Conference on Population and Development</a>, co-chaired by <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Chissano" title="Joaquim Chissano">Joaquim Chissano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarja_Halonen" title="Tarja Halonen">Tarja Halonen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In 2013, she became an Oxfam Global Ambassador.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Gbowee speaks internationally to advance women's rights, and peace and security. In 2016, Gbowee spoke at a protest march organized by <a href="/wiki/Women_Wage_Peace" title="Women Wage Peace">Women Wage Peace</a>, a political grassroots group working to advance a peace agreement between Israel and Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Gbowee is also an outspoken supporter of fellow Liberian <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Norman" title="Ebenezer Norman">Ebenezer Norman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Non-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit">non-profit</a> organization A New Dimension of Hope, a foundation which builds schools in Liberia. In May 2015, she wrote personal letters to the contributors of NDhope's <a href="/wiki/Crowd-funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowd-funding">crowd-funding</a> campaign on Indiegogo and has spoken at their events.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> As of April 2017, Gbowee is also Executive Director of the Women of Peace and Security Program at AC4, <a href="/wiki/The_Earth_Institute" title="The Earth Institute">Earth Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Gbowee is also a contributor at <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Involvement_in_trauma_healing">Involvement in trauma healing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Involvement in trauma healing">edit</a>]</div> In the spring of 1999, after Gbowee had been at the Trauma Healing project for a year,<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 95  her supervisor, Reverend Bartholomew Bioh "BB" Colley, a pastor of the Lutheran Church in Liberia, introduced her to <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gbaydee_Doe" title="Samuel Gbaydee Doe">Samuel Gbaydee Doe</a> (no relation to the former Liberian president by the same first and last name),<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 98  a "passionate and intelligent"<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 107  Liberian who had just earned a master's degree from a Christian university in the U.S. that specialized in peace-building studies.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Doe was the executive director of Africa's first regional peace organization, the <a href="/wiki/West_Africa_Network_for_Peacebuilding" title="West Africa Network for Peacebuilding">West Africa Network for Peacebuilding</a> (WANEP),<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> which he had co-founded in 1998 in Ghana.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Encouraged by the Lutheran reverend she calls "BB", Gbowee began reading widely in the field of peacebuilding, notably reading <a href="/wiki/The_Politics_of_Jesus" title="The Politics of Jesus">The Politics of Jesus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonite</a> theologian <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Yoder" title="John Howard Yoder">John Howard Yoder</a>, and works by "<a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi">Gandhi</a> and the Kenyan author and conflict and reconciliation expert <a href="/wiki/Hizkias_Assefa" title="Hizkias Assefa">Hizkias Assefa</a>."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 88  By late 1999, "WANEP was actively seeking to involve women in its work and I was invited to a conference in Ghana," wrote Gbowee.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 101  At a follow-up WANEP conference in October 2000, Gbowee met <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Ekiyor" title="Thelma Ekiyor">Thelma Ekiyor</a> of Nigeria, who was "well educated, a lawyer who specialized in alternative dispute resolution."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 107–108  Ekiyor told Gbowee of her idea of approaching WANEP to start a women's organization. "Thelma was a thinker, a visionary, like BB and Sam. But she was a woman, like me."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 109  Within a year, Ekiyor had secured funding from <a href="/wiki/West_African_Network_for_Peacebuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Network for Peacebuilding">WANEP</a> and had organized the first meeting of the Women in Peacebuilding Network (WIPNET) in Accra, Ghana, which Gbowee attended: <blockquote>How to describe the excitement of that first meeting...? There were women from Sierra Leone, Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Togo – almost all the sixteen West African nations. In her quietly brilliant way, Thelma had handwritten an organizer's training manual with exercises that would draw women out, engage them, teach them about conflict and conflict resolution, and even help them understand why they should be involved in addressing these issues at all.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 112 </blockquote> In the sympathetic setting of other women hungry for peace, Gbowee told the painful parts of her life story for the first time, including sleeping on the floor of a hospital corridor with her newborn baby for a week because she had no money to pay the bill and nobody to help her.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 113  "No one else in Africa was doing this: focusing only on women and only on building peace."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 113  Ekiyor became Gbowee's trainer and friend. She also was the one who announced the launch of WIPNET in Liberia and named Gbowee as coordinator of Liberian Women's Initiative.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 114–115  Gbowee's "peace-church" philosophical orientation likely can be traced to this era – Thelma Ekiyor, Rev. "BB" Colley, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gbaydee_Doe" title="Samuel Gbaydee Doe">Samuel Gbaydee Doe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hizkias_Assefa" title="Hizkias Assefa">Hizkias Assefa</a> are all connected to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mennonite_University" title="Eastern Mennonite University">Eastern Mennonite University</a> in the United States, either as former students or (in Assefa's case) as an ongoing professor.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leading_a_mass_women's_movement">Leading a mass women's movement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Leading a mass women's movement">edit</a>]</div> In the spring of 2002, Gbowee was spending her days employed in trauma-healing work and her evenings as the unpaid leader of WIPNET in Liberia. Her children, now including an adopted daughter named Lucia "Malou" (bringing the number of children to five), were living in Ghana under her sister's care.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 148  Falling asleep in the WIPNET office one night, she awoke from a dream where she says God had told her, "Gather the women and pray for peace!"<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 122  Some friends helped her to understand that the dream was not meant for others, as Gbowee thought; instead, she realized that it was a necessary for her to act upon it herself.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 122 <a href="#cite_note-podcastFaith-30">[30]</a> Following a WIPNET training session in Liberia,<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 124  Gbowee and her allies, including a Mandingo-Muslim woman named Asatu, began by "going to the mosques on Friday at noon after prayers, to the markets on Saturday morning, to two churches every Sunday."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 126  Their flyers read: "We are tired! We are tired of our children being killed! We are tired of being abused!! Women, wake up – you have a voice in the peace process!" They also handed out simple drawings explaining their purpose to the many women who couldn't read.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 127  By the summer of 2002, Gbowee was recognized as the spokeswoman and inspirational leader of the <a href="/wiki/Women_of_Liberia_Mass_Action_for_Peace" title="Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace">Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace</a>, described as a <a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">peace movement</a> that started with local women praying and singing in a fish market.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Women would also oppose the war by fasting and going to government buildings to picket.<a href="#cite_note-:3-4">[4]</a> Working across religious and ethnic lines, Gbowee led thousands of <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> women to gather in <a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a> for months. They prayed for peace, using Muslim and Christian prayers, and eventually held daily <a href="/wiki/Nonviolent" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonviolent">nonviolent</a> demonstrations and sit-ins in defiance of orders from the tyrannical president at that time, Charles Taylor.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 128, 135  They staged protests that included the threat of <a href="/wiki/Anasyrma" title="Anasyrma">a curse</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Sex_strike" title="Sex strike">sex strike</a>. Of the strike, Gbowee says, "The [sex] strike lasted, on and off, for a few months. It had little or no practical effect, but it was extremely valuable in getting us media attention."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 147  In a highly risky move, the women finally occupied a field that had been used for soccer; it was beside Tubman Boulevard, the route Charles Taylor traveled twice a day, to and from Capitol Hill.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 136  To make themselves more recognizable as a group, all of the women wore T-shirts that were white, signifying peace, with the WIPNET logo and white hair ties.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 136  Taylor finally granted a hearing for the women on 23 April 2003. With more than 2,000 women amassed outside his executive mansion, Gbowee was the person designated to make their case to him.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 140  Gbowee positioned her face to be seen by Taylor but directed her words to <a href="/wiki/Grace_Minor" title="Grace Minor">Grace Minor</a>, the president of the senate and the only female government official present: <blockquote>We are tired of war. We are tired of running. We are tired of begging for bulgur wheat. We are tired of our children being raped. We are now taking this stand, to secure the future of our children. Because we believe, as custodians of society, tomorrow our children will ask us, "Mama, what was your role during the crisis?"<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 141 </blockquote> In her book, Gbowee reveals that Grace Minor quietly "gave a great deal of her own money... at enormous personal risk" to the women's protest movement.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 149  The protesting women extracted a promise from President <a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(Liberia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Taylor (Liberia)">Charles Taylor</a> to attend peace talks in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> to negotiate with the rebels from <a href="/wiki/Liberians_United_for_Reconciliation_and_Democracy" title="Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy">Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> and another newer rebel group, MODEL.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 155  In June 2003, Gbowee led a delegation of Liberian women to Ghana to put pressure on the warring factions during the peace-talk process.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> At first the women sat in a daily demonstration outside the posh hotels where the negotiators met, pressuring for progress in the talks.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 154–156  When the talks dragged from early June through late July, with no progress made and violence continuing in Liberia, Gbowee led dozens of women, eventually swelling to a couple hundred, inside the hotel, where they simply "dropped down, in front of the glass door that was the main entrance to the meeting room."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 161  They held signs that said: "Butchers and murderers of the Liberian people -- STOP!"<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 161  Gbowee passed a message to the lead mediator, <a href="/wiki/Abdulsalami_Abubakar" title="Abdulsalami Abubakar">General Abubakar</a> (a former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nigeria" title="President of Nigeria">president of Nigeria</a>), that the women would interlock their arms and remain seated in the hallway, holding the delegates "hostage" until a peace agreement was reached. Abubakar, who proved to be sympathetic to the women, announced with some amusement: "The peace hall has been seized by General Leymah and her troops." When the men tried to leave the hall, Leymah and her allies threatened to rip their clothes off: "In Africa, it's a terrible curse to see a married or elderly woman deliberately bare herself."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 162  With Abubakar's support, the women remained sitting outside the negotiating room during the following days, ensuring that the "atmosphere at the peace talks changed from circuslike to somber."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 163  The Liberian war ended officially weeks later, with the signing of the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement on 18 August 2003.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 164 <a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> "But what we [women] did marked the beginning of the end."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 163  In addition to helping bring an end to 14 years of warfare in Liberia, this women's movement led to the 2005 election of <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> as president of Liberia, the first elected woman leader of a country in Africa. Sirleaf is co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize along with Gbowee and <a href="/wiki/Tawakel_Karman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawakel Karman">Tawakel Karman</a>. The three were awarded the prize "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-2">[2]</a> In Sirleaf's re-election campaign of 2011, Gbowee endorsed her.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consolidating_the_peace">Consolidating the peace</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consolidating the peace">edit</a>]</div> Recognizable in their white WIPNET T-shirts, Gbowee and the other Liberian women activists were treated as national heroines by Liberians in the streets for weeks following the signing of the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 167  Yet Gbowee wrote of their unceasing nervousness about the fragility of the peace they had helped birth: <blockquote>A war of fourteen years doesn't just go away. In the moments we were calm enough to look around, we had to confront the magnitude of what had happened in Liberia. Two hundred and fifty thousand people were dead, a quarter of them children. One in three were displaced, with 350,000 living in internally displaced persons camps and the rest anywhere they could find shelter. One million people, mostly women and children, were at risk of malnutrition, diarrhea, measles and cholera because of contamination in the wells. More than 75 percent of the country's physical infrastructure, our roads, hospitals and schools, had been destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 167 </blockquote> Gbowee expressed particular concern for the "psychic damage" borne by Liberians: <blockquote>A whole generation of young men had no idea who they were without a gun in their hands. Several generations of women were widowed, had been raped, seen their daughters and mothers raped, and their children kill and be killed. Neighbors had turned against neighbors; young people had lost hope, and old people, everything they had painstakingly earned. To a person, we were traumatized.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 168 </blockquote> In an interview for the <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a>, Gbowee also expressed: <blockquote>The Liberian women peace movement demonstrated to the world that grassroots movements are essential to sustaining peace; that women in leadership positions are effective brokers for peace; and the importance of culturally relevant <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> movements. Liberia's experience is a good example to the world that women—especially African women—can be drivers of peace<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></blockquote> Amid the destruction and unending needs, Gbowee was appalled by the arrogance, ignorance and overall cultural insensitivity of the United Nations agencies dispatched to help disarm the country, keep the peace, establish procedures for democratic governance, and initiate rebuilding efforts. "People who have lived through a terrible conflict may be hungry and desperate, but they're not stupid (Gbowee's emphasis). They often have very good ideas about how peace can evolve, and they need to be asked."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 171  Gbowee advocated for involving Liberian civil society, especially women's organizations, in restoring the country. She grew frustrated with the way the "UN was spending many millions of dollars in Liberia, but most of it was on [their own] staffing resources.... If they had just given some of that money to the local people, it would have made a real difference."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 173  By the late fall and winter of 2003-04, "the world of conflict resolution, peace-building and the global women's movement" was calling Gbowee to write papers, come to conferences and otherwise explain the experience and views of WIPNET. Thelma Ekiyor encouraged Gbowee to overcome her lack of self-esteem among "highly intelligent people who held master's degrees and represented powerful institutions" by reading and studying further to understand the theories circulating in the world of peacebuilding.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 177  She read The Peace Book by Louise Diamond, known for advocating <a href="/wiki/Multi-track_diplomacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-track diplomacy">multi-track diplomacy</a>, and The Journey Toward Reconciliation and The Little Book of Conflict Transformation, both written by <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Lederach" title="John Paul Lederach">John Paul Lederach</a>, the founding director of the Center for Justice and Peacebuilding at <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mennonite_University" title="Eastern Mennonite University">Eastern Mennonite University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 177  She went to a USAID conference in New York, her first trip out of Africa,<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 174–175  to a conference in South Africa, and to Switzerland where she dealt with the Nigerian in charge of UN programs in Liberia.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 174–176  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Master's_degree_in_peacebuilding">Master's degree in peacebuilding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Master's degree in peacebuilding">edit</a>]</div> In the late spring of 2004, about eight months after the Ghana-Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed, Gbowee made a decision to take college-level courses in the field in which she had been working: "I'd heard about <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mennonite_University" title="Eastern Mennonite University">Eastern Mennonite University</a> (EMU), an American college with a well-known program in peace-building and conflict resolution. It was a Christian school that emphasized community and service; it had a long-standing relationship with WANEP and a history of recruiting Africans to study there."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 178  Her first stint at EMU – four weeks at its annual Summer Peacebuilding Institute – were "a transformative time for me."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 178  Gbowee studied with Hizkias Assefa, whose writings she had read five years earlier when she first began working for St. Peter's Lutheran Church on trauma healing. She also studied with <a href="/wiki/Howard_Zehr" title="Howard Zehr">Howard Zehr</a>, "who taught me the concept of restorative justice," whereby healing occurred through the joint efforts of victims and offenders to repair the harms done.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 178  She thought restorative justice was particularly applicable to Africa: "Restorative justice was...something we could see as ours and not artificially imposed by Westerners. And we needed it, needed that return to tradition. A culture of impunity flourished throughout Africa. People, officials, governments did evil but were never held accountable. More than we needed to punish them, we needed to undo the damage they had done.... When I left EMU, I knew there was more here for me. Somehow I would find a way to come back."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 178–179  Gbowee returned for a round-table called Strategies for Trauma Healing and Resilience in the summer of 2005 and then enrolled as a residential, full-time master's degree student in "conflict transformation and peacebuilding" at EMU's <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Justice_and_Peacebuilding" title="Center for Justice and Peacebuilding">Center for Justice and Peacebuilding</a> in 2006-07:<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-29">[29]</a> <blockquote>At graduate school, I could feel my mind expand, my comprehension deepen. I realized I now could put a formal name, "strategic peacebuilding," to what I'd done instinctively in Liberia.... Many of the other students at EMU had lived through conflict, and there was relief in being among them.... In Harrisonburg, a small old city in the Shenandoah Valley, far from Liberia and its sorrows and people who expected something from me, I didn't have to be strong. Every now and then – for instance, when I saw a mother with her children – I would burst into tears. No one at EMU thought that was strange. I met an old man who'd lost his entire family in the Rwandan genocide.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 179 </blockquote> In September 2006, just as Gbowee was embarking on her first full semester of graduate school, she went to New York City to address the UN on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the passage of Resolution 1325, which dealt with protecting women from gender-based violence and involving them in UN-linked peace efforts.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 179  While in New York, she received a call from <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Disney" title="Abigail Disney">Abigail Disney</a>, a descendant of the founders of the Walt Disney Company, a feminist, and a philanthropist. Disney and a collaborator, Gini Reticker, wanted to talk with Gbowee about their desire to make a documentary about how the women of Liberia rallied themselves to force the men to stop battling.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 212  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women_in_Peace_and_Security_Network_(WIPSEN)">Women in Peace and Security Network (WIPSEN)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Women in Peace and Security Network (WIPSEN)">edit</a>]</div> During 2006-07 Gbowee also began talking with Ekiyor and Ecoma Alaga (a Nigerian, like Ekiyor) about splitting WIPNET from WANEP, believing the parent organization to be controlled financially by men and wanting the three of them to be fully in charge.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 187  The founding director of WANEP, Gbowee's old friend Sam Gbaydee Doe, was sympathetic to the three women's desire for structural independence, but he had left WANEP to pursue a PhD in England.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 189  WANEP was now led by another graduate of the MA in conflict transformation program at EMU, <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Bombande" title="Emmanuel Bombande">Emmanuel Bombande</a> of Ghana,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> who did not agree that the three women owned the WIPNET branch of WANEP and thus would not let it spin off.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 188–189  As a result, Gbowee and her two colleagues started a new organization, <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Peace_and_Security_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Peace and Security Network">Women in Peace and Security Network</a> (WIPSEN), also based in Accra, Ghana."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 189 <a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Abigail Disney stepped up to help Gbowee raise funds for launching WIPSEN among philanthropists in New York, enabling her to secure $50,000 in seed money.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 202  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life_and_struggles">Personal life and struggles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life and struggles">edit</a>]</div> By the time Gbowee finished her coursework at EMU on 30 April 2007, and returned to her children in Liberia in May 2007 – where her parents had been caring for them – she realized that her nine months away "nearly broke all of us."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 194  In Virginia, she had lived with "a cold that never went away" and she "felt panic, sadness, and cold, swirling blackness" as she faced "being sued by former friends at WANEP over our desire to move in a new direction."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 200–201  Her impending graduate degree (conferred at the end of 2007), growing fame, and other changes in her life strained the relationship she had with a Liberian man named Tunde, an employee of international agencies who had functioned as a father figure for her children for a decade, from the early period of the Liberian women's peace movement through Gbowee's graduate studies at EMU<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 203–204  (for which he had paid the tuition<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 198 ). They broke up and by early 2008 Gbowee was in a relationship with a Liberian information technology expert whom she identifies as James.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 205–205  He is the father of her sixth child, a daughter named Jaydyn Thelma Abigail, born in New York City on 2 June 2009.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 223  In April 2008, when Gbowee's family and friends gathered to celebrate the 14th birthday of her eldest daughter, Amber, it was clear that Gbowee had developed a serious alcohol problem. In her memoir, Gbowee explains that she had turned to alcohol for about a decade to cope with the loneliness of constant separations from her family, the strain of poverty and war-engendered trauma she suffered from, and the stress of never-ending demands on her time. During Amber's birthday party, Gbowee's children noted that she drank 14 glasses of wine. The next day, she passed out. When again conscious, suffering from an ulcer, she begged James to take her to the doctor: "Then I saw the kids gathered around us, their terrified, helpless faces. After all their losses, this would be the final one. No. Not possible. It might sound too easy, but that was the end for me. I still don't sleep easily and I still wake up too early, but I don't drink anymore."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 208–209  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religious views">edit</a>]</div> Gbowee, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">Liberian Civil War</a> used religion and spirituality as part of their techniques that helped ended the war. She expressed her usage of religious songs, traditional songs, and other songs that was sung by her women counterparts, <a href="/wiki/Women_of_Liberia_Mass_Action_for_Peace" title="Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace">Muslim</a> women. After her Nobel Prize winning in 2011, she did multiple interviews, specifying the importance of her inclusion and determination in using religion as the stepping stone for achieving peace in Liberia. On October 6, 2016, Gbowee did an interview with <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Divinity_School" title="Harvard Divinity School">Harvard Divinity Schools</a>, speaking on her topic "Women as Catalysts for Local and Global Spiritually-Engaged Movements for Sustainable Peace." Gbowee used religion and spirituality as strategies to rally women for ending Liberia’s two civil wars. Tactics that she used such as religious and traditional songs to help create a bonding community with her women. Throughout her memoir, Mighty Be Our Powers: How Sisterhood, Prayer, and Sex Changed a Nation at War; a Memoir, One can perceive the influence of her religious beliefs on initiatives for restoring peace in Liberia. After the second civil war broke out in 1999, increasing the already existing problem of rape and systematic brutality in Liberia, Gbowee felt the need for an inter-religious call for action.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In response to this second wave of deadly conflict, Gbowee formed an inter-religious peace building coalition of Christian and Muslim women, which lead to the uproar of the <a href="/wiki/Women_of_Liberia_Mass_Action_for_Peace" title="Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace">Liberia Mass Action for Peace Movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> With her involvement in these powerful settings, Gbowee gained a great amount of leadership skills in which she combined with her religious background. During the LMAPM, she along with other women activists, formed multiple pray-ins, using it as a form of nonviolent protest. These pray-ins called for reconciliation and demanded concrete actions to end the war during peace talks around West Africa.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> Gbowee, along with many other women, such as <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Ekiyor" title="Thelma Ekiyor">Thelma Ekiyor</a>, combined religion and traditional practices to define their approach to conflict transformation, peace building, and security.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Gbowee’s faith has had a tremendous impact on her personal and professional life.  Prayer is a recurrent theme in her memoir and talks. Although her memoir depicts instances of loss, pain, grief, and disappointment that made her question her faith, she indicates that prayer has been an intrinsic part of her journey in  peace building. She writes, “God is ever faithful, ever loving; he listens to our prayers.”<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a> She used prayer as a source of protection,  hope, and guidance in her activist work. Gbowee perceive Christianity to be very self-serving and crucial to the social and cultural realities of the Liberian people . Gbowee believes that for adequate results to be seen in conflict situations, especially the ones in which she was involved in, prayer had to occupy center stage. This is a central characteristic of her identity as a global activist as it is an important part of her work. Being involved in groups such as the Christian Women’s Peace Initiative (CWI), helped her to embody this part of her faith into bringing peace and teaching peace to others over the past year.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a> Religion influenced Gbowee's approach to peace building as a type of mothering. In fact, she engages the often marginalized voices of women and young men who bear the brunt of war. Gbowee has used religion to achieve many of her activist roles throughout her traveling career and teaching in healing spaces. An important role that she and other powerful women such as Ekiyor, used religion as a support tool to mother those who have been traumatized, searching for peace within their communities, their homes, and their country.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a> Praying had always been a part of Gbowee’s life, especially in her romantic life. Using prayer for her was a healing tool that helped her overcome her abusive relationships and protect her children. One aspect of Gbowee using religion and faith as a form of mothering is by using it as a resource to help whoever she is helping feel connected. She used her faith and beliefs, especially the bible to help them understand their shared experiences and trauma.  In September 2016, Gbowee did an interview at the Harvard Divinity School on “Religion and The Practice of Peace.” She points out that Religion and spirituality were common aspects in the lives of the women who participated in the Liberian Women’s Mass Action for Peace. These spiritual encounters are what she used in her community to mobilize and empower women to take action in all aspects of their lives, whether personal, spiritual, or political.  In the Harvard interview, she states: “In our group the first thing we did was to hold three days of consultative meetings. The first day we brought only Christian women, and we went back into the Bible to find those things in the Bible that women did. We wanted to really show them (Christian women) that God had a way of using women and that there’s a place for women in turning around the history of their nations. So, we took them to the Bible, and we used women of faith as examples—Esther, Deborah, Rahab the Prostitute—who had done great things to turn the tide. We used those women as the springboard for really mobilizing women.”<a href="#cite_note-:1-43">[43]</a> Religion and the bible enabled Gbowee to convey her vision to Liberian women with different creeds. In order to build stronger communities for peace-building and promoting activism included the containment of other religious groups, which is a big part of the Women’s movement’s success. However, for Gbowee, building a stronger community amongst women that will put them at the forefront of such a major movement for the end of wars and not limiting her beliefs to just Christianity, is a tactic she encouraged. In the Harvard interview again, she states that: “The second thing we did was to bring the Muslim women together and go through the same process, but with the Qur’an...We would talk and read some of the descriptions that talk about how to treat women better and live a nonviolent life…”<a href="#cite_note-:1-43">[43]</a> Using faith as a common denominator amongst all women, helped them to create a closer leadership bond. Gbowee came from a mixed religious and spiritual community where her parents were Christians, but their close friends and neighbors were Muslims. Using religion to bring young people together, especially for young girls and women, became a motive and a goal for Gbowee to help breed leadership and women empowerment skills through her activism, creating new leaders for the future. Gbowee had worked in multiple healing spaces, for example, the Trauma Healing Office, where she traveled around Liberia to different communities, trying to educate people on how to deal with their traumas. She felt as if this is her calling from God.<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a> Because of the severity of the war and her trying to provide for her family, keeping a strong faith is used to help provide comfort through her work, especially since her target is towards weakened women and young boys who have been a part of the destructive process against their wills. Through her activism work in her communities in Liberia, it is fueled by her experiences at home. She is not able to mother her children the way she wanted, and to her, apart from her children, not losing faith is most important for her. People whom she had helped in both Liberia and Ghana referred to her as being “Big Mama” or “Mother of Peace.”<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a> Religion and spirituality for Gbowee are considered essential in the peace coalition and the healing of everyone and everywhere. She believes that to overcome injustices that take over people's livelihood and the way they live their day to day lives, it calls for true believers.<a href="#cite_note-:2-44">[44]</a> Being a religious person in these settings, for Gbowee, revenge is not the way to go. She recounts reading the bible and searching for different accounts that encourage peace and not an “eye for an eye.”<a href="#cite_note-:2-44">[44]</a> For Gbowee, religion and its relevance helps to teach compassion and practice forgiveness which had also contributed to the success of her activism work.<a href="#cite_note-:2-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Working with angered people who had dealt with social and political trauma, forgiveness became a part of the healing process and education for her intended audiences. To Gbowee, forgiveness does not have a specific religious practice attached to it, but multiple. She mentions at a peace conference that, “In my life’s journey, it hasn’t been just Christians who have reached out to me. It hasn’t been just Muslims. It has been people of different faiths.”<a href="#cite_note-:2-44">[44]</a> In terms of her contributions to the conceptions of violence, Gbowee also used her faith to emphasize the importance of non-violence approaches. This is especially prominent in the Women’s movement and her involvement while working with the Women in Peace-building Network (WIPNET).<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> She used women who are also strong in faith and who have struggles with close contact with acts of violence although all were in a larger sense. Many of the women that were active with Gbowee, faced violence such as sexual, physical, emotional, mental, and physical forces. Traditional religious songs and dances were used in the non-violent, healing, and peace. These dances and songs are used as a form of storytelling. Gbowee expresses devotion to her Christian faith. She opened the acknowledgment section of her memoir with these words: "All praise, glory and honor to God for His unfailing love and favor toward me."<a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 245  She told students attending an EMU chapel in 2009: <blockquote>I didn't get there by myself... or anything I did as an individual, but it was by the grace and mercy of God.... He has held my hands. In the most difficult of times, he has been there. They have this song, "Order my steps in your ways, dear Lord," and every day as I wake up, that is my prayer, because there's no way that anyone can take this journey as a peace builder, as an agent of change in your community, without having a sense of faith.... As I continue this journey in this life, I remind myself: All that I am, all that I hope to be, is because of God.<a href="#cite_note-podcastFaith-30">[30]</a></blockquote> Gbowee told the EMU students that she went from being an angry, broke, virtually homeless, 25-year-old mother of four children with no idea of what her future might be, to listening to the voice of God in 1997. She said God spoke to her through a five-year-old boy, a son whom she had nicknamed Nuku. Comments made by Nuku made her realize that she had succumbed to "crippling hopelessness", and that her low self-esteem and sense of helplessness were destroying her family, which was already under assault from Liberia's brutal warfare. Gbowee said she began taking one tiny step at a time, asking for God's help with each step. And that God sent her angels in the form of human beings who reached out a hand at just the moment when she was most desperate.<a href="#cite_note-podcastFaith-30">[30]</a> As suggested by the interfaith character of the Liberian women's movement, Gbowee noted that others may derive the same support from religious faiths different from hers: <blockquote>It could be Jesus, it could be Mohammed, it could be Buddha, but there is no way that you can effect change in people's lives if there is not someone that you can rely on as the "divine intervenor" or the "divine one" that you can call on every day.... God is faithful, whoever you know him to me.... Take a step of faith and God will see to the rest.<a href="#cite_note-podcastFaith-30">[30]</a></blockquote> In an interview with Odyssey Networks, Gbowee said that God could also be referred to as a "Higher Power." She stressed that with a Higher Power accompanying you, you can "rise up and do something to change your situation." She advised: "Don't wait for a Gandhi, don't wait for a King, don't wait for a Mandela. You are your own Mandela, you are your own Gandhi, you are your own King."<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentary_film">Documentary film</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Documentary film">edit</a>]</div> Gbowee is the narrator and central character in the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> <a href="/wiki/Pray_the_Devil_Back_to_Hell" title="Pray the Devil Back to Hell">Pray the Devil Back to Hell</a>, which consists of scores of film and audio clips from the war period. It took Best Documentary Feature in the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival in New York. It has been broadcast across the United States as part of the "Women, War & Peace" series, which aired over five successive Tuesdays in October and early November 2011 on public television stations.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Pray has been used as an <a href="/wiki/Advocacy" title="Advocacy">advocacy</a> tool in conflict and post-conflict zones, such as Bosnia, Afghanistan, Iraq, South Africa, Rwanda, Mexico, Kenya, Cambodia, Russia, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the West Bank: "The reaction was remarkably similar: no matter how different the country and the society, women recognized themselves and started talking about how they could unite to solve their own problems."<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-MightyBe-6">[6]</a>: 214  In the documentary, Gbowee emerges as someone able to laugh and enjoy life, despite what she has lived through: "Gbowee comes across as a sharply strategic, scrappy, political maestro interfaith mobilizer of merriment. Not the balloons-confetti-cupcakes-clown-type fun, but rather solidarity-inspiring conviviality. You see women dancing, singing, smiling, wearing beautiful, white-as-doves clothing, and you even see laughter during sit-ins and protests."<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognitions">Awards and recognitions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards and recognitions">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg/350px-Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg/525px-Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg/700px-Tawakkul_Karman_Leymah_Gbowee_Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf_Nobel_Peace_Prize_2011_Harry_Wad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption>From left to right:<a href="/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawakkul Karman">Tawakkul Karman</a>, Leymah Gbowee, and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> display their awards during the presentation of the Nobel Peace Prize, 10 December 2011.</figcaption></figure> Gbowee's exposure to the New York philanthropic social set, facilitated by Disney (who had become a close friend),<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-3">[3]</a> opened the door for a series of awards. The first, from the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_School_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy School of Government">John F. Kennedy School of Government</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a>, came in early 2006, and then they began to arrive in accelerated fashion: recognition by <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_eNews" title="Women's eNews">Women's eNews</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gruber_Prize_for_Women%27s_Rights" title="Gruber Prize for Women's Rights">Gruber Prize for Women's Rights</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Profile_in_Courage_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award">John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award</a>, the Living Legends Award for Service to Humanity, and several more. In July 2011, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mennonite_University" title="Eastern Mennonite University">EMU</a> announced that Gbowee had been named its "Alumna of the Year".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> (Gbowee's eldest son, Joshua "Nuku" Mensah, entered <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mennonite_University" title="Eastern Mennonite University">EMU</a> as a freshman in 2010, overlapping by one year with Sam Gbaydee Doe's eldest daughter, Samfee Doe, then a senior.)<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-29">[29]</a> The crowning honor came in October 2011 when the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee" title="Nobel Committee">Nobel Committee</a> made Gbowee one of three female recipients of the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>. In 2022, Gbowee was a Bartels World Affairs Fellows at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, giving the annual Bartels World Affairs Lecture. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>2019 – Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> presented by Awards Council member <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gabriel" title="Peter Gabriel">Peter Gabriel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>2016 – <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Christ_International_Peace_Award" title="Community of Christ International Peace Award">Community of Christ International Peace Award</a></li> <li>2014 – Oxfam America Right the Wrong Award <a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li>2013 – The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Women%27s_Foundation" title="New York Women's Foundation">New York Women's Foundation</a> Century Award <a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li>2013 – Barnard College Medal of Distinction <a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li>2012 – Olympic flag bearer in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony" title="2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony">2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony</a></li> <li>2012 - <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_Center_of_New_York" title="Interfaith Center of New York">James Parks Morton Interfaith Award</a></li> <li>2011 – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Nobel Peace Prize laureate</a></li> <li>2011 – <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell" title="University of Massachusetts Lowell">University of Massachusetts Lowell</a> Greeley Scholar for Peace Studies<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li>2011 – Villanova Peace Award from <a href="/wiki/Villanova_University" title="Villanova University">Villanova University</a></li> <li>2011 – Alumna of the Year, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mennonite_University" title="Eastern Mennonite University">Eastern Mennonite University</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>2010 – Living Legends Award for Service to Humanity<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>2010 – John Jay Medal for Justice from the <a href="/wiki/John_Jay_College_of_Criminal_Justice" title="John Jay College of Criminal Justice">John Jay College of Criminal Justice</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></li> <li>2010 – Joli Humanitarian Award from <a href="/wiki/Riverdale_Country_School" title="Riverdale Country School">Riverdale Country School</a></li> <li>2009 – <a href="/wiki/Gruber_Prize_for_Women%27s_Rights" title="Gruber Prize for Women's Rights">Gruber Prize for Women's Rights</a></li> <li>2009 – John F. Kennedy <a href="/wiki/Profile_in_Courage_Award" title="Profile in Courage Award">Profile in Courage Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li>2009 – "Honor Award for Courageous Commitment for Human Rights of Women" by the Filmfestival Women's Worlds, TERRE DES FEMMES, Germany.</li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_eNews" title="Women's eNews">Women's eNews</a> Leaders for the 21st Century Award<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>2007 – Blue Ribbon for Peace from the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_School_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy School of Government">John F. Kennedy School of Government</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>2024 – Honorary Doctorate, delivery of the <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Tambo" title="Oliver Tambo">Oliver Tambo</a> lecture, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>2018 – Honorary Doctorate of International Affairs from <a href="/wiki/American_University" title="American University">American University</a></li> <li>2012 – Honorary Doctorate by Rhodes University<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other activities">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation_of_New_York" title="Carnegie Corporation of New York">Carnegie Corporation of New York</a>, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2020)<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulbenkian_Prize" title="Gulbenkian Prize">Calouste Gulbenkian Prize for Human Rights</a>, Member of the Jury (since 2018)<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li>Ara Pacis Initiative, Member of the Council<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Prize_for_Awakening_Humanity" title="Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity">Aurora Prize</a>, Member of the Selection Committee (since 2015)<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>High Level Taskforce for the International Conference on Population and Development, Member<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>Nobel Women's Initiative, Member of the Board<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[41]</a></li> <li>PeaceJam Foundation, Member of the Board<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>World Refugee & Migration Council (WRMC), Member of the Council<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF(with_Carol_Mithers)2011" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">(with Carol Mithers)</a> (2011). Mighty Be Our Powers: How Sisterhood, Prayer and Sex Changed a Nation at War: A Memoir. New York: <a href="/wiki/Beast_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Beast Books">Beast Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9842951-5-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9842951-5-9"><bdi>978-0-9842951-5-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/751747258">751747258</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mighty+Be+Our+Powers%3A+How+Sisterhood%2C+Prayer+and+Sex+Changed+a+Nation+at+War%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Beast+Books&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F751747258&rft.isbn=978-0-9842951-5-9&rft.au=%28with+Carol+Mithers%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeymah+Gbowee" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberia" title="Portal:Liberia">Liberia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_Liberia" title="Gender inequality in Liberia">Gender Inequality in Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nobel_Prize_laureates" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Nobel Prize laureates">Black Nobel Prize laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_Nobel_laureates" title="List of female Nobel laureates">List of female Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_who_led_a_revolt_or_rebellion" title="List of women who led a revolt or rebellion">List of women who led a revolt or rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_strike" title="Sex strike">Sex strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysistrata" title="Lysistrata">Lysistrata</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globaleducationmagazine.com/international-women%C2%B4s-day-interview-leymah-gbowee/">International Women´s Day: Interview With Leymah Gbowee</a> at * <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globaleducationmagazine.com/">Global Education Magazine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/10/30/africa.women/">"African women look within for change"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leymah+Roberta+Gbowee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arapacisinitiative.org%2Fen%2Fil-consiglio%2F8-membro-del-consiglio%2F67-leymah-roberta-gbowee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeymah+Gbowee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://auroraprize.com/en/aurora-prize/2018/selection_committee">Selection Committee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909115146/https://auroraprize.com/en/aurora-prize/2018/selection_committee">Archived</a> 2018-09-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Prize_for_Awakening_Humanity" title="Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity">Aurora Prize</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319221715/http://www.icpdtaskforce.org/about/Leymah-Gbowee.html">"Leymah Gbowee, Founder and President, Gbowee Peace Foundation Africa, Liberia - About the High-Level Task Force for ICPD"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icpdtaskforce.org/about/Leymah-Gbowee.html">the original</a> on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leymah+Gbowee%2C+Founder+and+President%2C+Gbowee+Peace+Foundation+Africa%2C+Liberia+-+About+the+High-Level+Task+Force+for+ICPD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icpdtaskforce.org%2Fabout%2FLeymah-Gbowee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeymah+Gbowee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121028153007/http://peacejam.org/laureates/Leymah-Gbowee-13.aspx">"Peacejam | Leymah Gbowee"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peacejam.org/laureates/Leymah-Gbowee-13.aspx">the original</a> on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peacejam+%26%23124%3B+Leymah+Gbowee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peacejam.org%2Flaureates%2FLeymah-Gbowee-13.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeymah+Gbowee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wrmcouncil.org/council-members/">"Council Members, World Refugee & Migration Council"</a>. wrmcouncil.org. Retrieved 8 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wrmcouncil.org&rft.atitle=Council+Members%2C+World+Refugee+%26+Migration+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwrmcouncil.org%2Fcouncil-members%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeymah+Gbowee" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leymah_Gbowee&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/leymah_gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> at <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107037#P2611" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ted.com/talks/leymah_gbowee_unlock_the_intelligence_passion_greatness_of_girls">"Unlock the intelligence, passion, greatness of girls" (TED2012)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/">WIPSEN-Africa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009211616/http://www.gnwp.org/members/wipnet">WIPNET</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emu.edu/peacebuilding/leymah-gbowee">Master's program alumni profile</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?63480">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/videos/7276">Leymah Gbowee</a> on <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)">Charlie Rose</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/g/leymah_gbowee/index.html">Leymah Gbowee</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depauw.edu/news-media/latest-news/details/28190/">Ubben Lecture at DePauw University</a>; 15 February 2012</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/women-war-and-peace/tag/leymah-gbowee/">Leymah Gbowee</a> at Women, War & Peace at <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thirteen.org/insidethirteen/2011/10/06/leymah-gbowee-discusses-women-war-peace-on-tavis-smiley/">Leymah Gbowee Discusses Women, War & Peace on Tavis Smiley'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912010449/https://www.thirteen.org/insidethirteen/2011/10/06/leymah-gbowee-nobel-peace-prize/">Archived</a> 2019-09-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, '<a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">WNET</a>, full video of 5 October 2011 interview</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094520/http://www.universitiesnews.com/2012/05/29/nobel-peace-prize-laureate-leymah-gbowee-to-address-international-educators-conference-tomorrow/">Leymah Gbowee to Address International Educators Conference – NAFSA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406020459/http://www.sgiquarterly.org/feature2011Jan-4.html">Interview with Leymah Gbowee in SGI Quarterly "Unleashing the Power of Women"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/870">Leymah Gbowee</a> on Nobelprize.org <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107037#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Laureate of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> 2011 With: <a href="/wiki/Tawakel_Karman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawakel Karman">Tawakel Karman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></li> <li>1914</li> <li>1915</li> <li>1916</li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li> <li>1918</li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></li> <li>1923</li> <li>1924</li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></li> <li>1928</li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></li> <li>1932</li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></li> <li>1939</li> <li>1940</li> <li>1941</li> <li>1942</li> <li>1943</li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></li> <li>1948</li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></li> <li>1955</li> <li>1956</li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></li> <li>1972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award) / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Template talk:2011 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2011_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2011 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2011_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2011 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a> (Israel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2011 Nobel Prize in Literature">2011</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a> (Sweden)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> (Liberia)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leymah Gbowee</a> (Liberia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkul Karman</a> (Yemen)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Adam Riess</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian P. Schmidt</a> (Australia/United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Bruce A. Beutler</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann" title="Jules A. Hoffmann">Jules A. Hoffmann</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman" title="Ralph M. Steinman">Ralph M. Steinman</a> (Canada/United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims" title="Christopher A. Sims">Christopher A. Sims</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent" title="Thomas J. Sargent">Thomas J. Sargent</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prizes" title="2006 Nobel Prizes">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prizes" title="2007 Nobel Prizes">2007</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prizes" title="2008 Nobel Prizes">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Prizes" title="2009 Nobel Prizes">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Prizes" title="2010 Nobel Prizes">2010</a></dd> <dd>2011 </dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Prizes" title="2012 Nobel Prizes">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Prizes" title="2013 Nobel Prizes">2013</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prizes" title="2014 Nobel Prizes">2014</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prizes" title="2015 Nobel Prizes">2015</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prizes" title="2016 Nobel Prizes">2016</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Incubator-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107037#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107037#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1017068275">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2011168495">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16646723w">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16646723w">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001118878">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5252442">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1517903">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p343264412">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/11072901">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201227659">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/vs69g7cd1kqgjm5">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810661822505606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007364555905171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518756406706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17364409?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1017068275">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/157941639">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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