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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Chemical</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">62,168 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Chemical</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Chemical">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24636815" data-work_id="24636815" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24636815/A_Machine_Learning_Based_Method_To_Improve_Docking_Scoring_Functions_and_Its_Application_to_Drug_Repurposing">A Machine Learning-Based Method To Improve Docking Scoring Functions and Its Application to Drug Repurposing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Docking scoring functions are notoriously weak predictors of binding affinity. They typically assign a common set of weights to the individual energy terms that contribute to the overall energy score, however, these weights should be gene... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24636815" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Docking scoring functions are notoriously weak predictors of binding affinity. They typically assign a common set of weights to the individual energy terms that contribute to the overall energy score, however, these weights should be gene family-dependent. In addition, they incorrectly assume that individual interactions contribute towards the total binding affinity in an additive manner. In reality, noncovalent interactions often depend on one another in a nonlinear manner. In this paper we show how the use of support vector machines (SVMs), trained by associating sets of individual energy terms retrieved from molecular docking with the known binding affinity of each compound from high-throughput screening experiments, can be used to improve the correlation between known binding affinities and those predicted by the docking program eHiTS. We construct two prediction models; a regression model trained using IC 50 values from BindingDB, and a classification model trained using active and decoy compounds from the Directory of Useful Decoys (DUD). Moreover, to address the issue of overrepresentation of negative data in highthroughput screening data sets, we have designed a multiple-planar SVM training procedure for the classification model. The increased performance that both SVMs give when compared with the original eHiTS scoring function highlights the potential for using nonlinear methods when deriving overall energy scores from their individual components. We apply the above methodology to train a new scoring function for direct inhibitors of M.tuberculosis (M.tb) InhA. By combining ligand binding site comparison with the new scoring function, we propose that phosphodiesterase inhibitors can potentially be repurposed to target M.tb InhA. Our methodology may be applied to other gene families for which target structures and activity data are available, as demonstrated in the work presented here.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24636815" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="299c5dd072548698f9b1d2de8cb7d820" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44963651,"asset_id":24636815,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44963651/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47492547" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhilipBourne">Philip Bourne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47492547" type="text/json">{"id":47492547,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Bourne","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilipBourne","display_name":"Philip Bourne","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilipBourne?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/b6831fe6f417f9b3100b7ae038562a06?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24636815 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24636815"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24636815, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24636815", }); 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They typically assign a common set of weights to the individual energy terms that contribute to the overall energy score, however, these weights should be gene family-dependent. In addition, they incorrectly assume that individual interactions contribute towards the total binding affinity in an additive manner. In reality, noncovalent interactions often depend on one another in a nonlinear manner. In this paper we show how the use of support vector machines (SVMs), trained by associating sets of individual energy terms retrieved from molecular docking with the known binding affinity of each compound from high-throughput screening experiments, can be used to improve the correlation between known binding affinities and those predicted by the docking program eHiTS. We construct two prediction models; a regression model trained using IC 50 values from BindingDB, and a classification model trained using active and decoy compounds from the Directory of Useful Decoys (DUD). Moreover, to address the issue of overrepresentation of negative data in highthroughput screening data sets, we have designed a multiple-planar SVM training procedure for the classification model. The increased performance that both SVMs give when compared with the original eHiTS scoring function highlights the potential for using nonlinear methods when deriving overall energy scores from their individual components. We apply the above methodology to train a new scoring function for direct inhibitors of M.tuberculosis (M.tb) InhA. By combining ligand binding site comparison with the new scoring function, we propose that phosphodiesterase inhibitors can potentially be repurposed to target M.tb InhA. Our methodology may be applied to other gene families for which target structures and activity data are available, as demonstrated in the work presented here.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44963651,"asset_id":24636815,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47492547,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Bourne","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilipBourne","display_name":"Philip Bourne","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilipBourne?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/b6831fe6f417f9b3100b7ae038562a06?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":10408,"name":"Support Vector Machines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Support_Vector_Machines?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":10640,"name":"Drug Discovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Discovery?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":53293,"name":"Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software?f_ri=14054"},{"id":274856,"name":"Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphodiesterase_Inhibitors?f_ri=14054"},{"id":558051,"name":"DRUG REPOSITIONING","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DRUG_REPOSITIONING?f_ri=14054"},{"id":645605,"name":"THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THEORETICAL_AND_COMPUTATIONAL_CHEMISTRY?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1222191,"name":"Ligands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ligands?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_937390" data-work_id="937390" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/937390/The_Odor_Awareness_Scale_A_new_scale_for_measuring_positive_and_negative_odor_awareness">The Odor Awareness Scale: A new scale for measuring positive and negative odor awareness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Odor Awareness Scale (OAS) is a questionnaire designed to assess individual differences in awareness of odors in the environment. The theory that odor awareness can be distinguished in awareness of negative (to be avoided) odors and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_937390" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Odor Awareness Scale (OAS) is a questionnaire designed to assess individual differences in awareness of odors in the environment. The theory that odor awareness can be distinguished in awareness of negative (to be avoided) odors and positive (to be approached) odors was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the 34-item questionnaire after completion by 525 respondents. CFA (after deletion of 2 items) showed good fit of the 2-factor theory, resulting in a positive awareness subscale (11 items, Cronbach's a = .77) and a negative awareness subscale (21 items, Cronbach's a = .80). Furthermore, reports of sickness from environmental odors were correlated with the negative odor awareness factor, not the positive odor awareness factor. Respondents scoring high on the overall sum score of the OAS showed significantly better olfactory performance on an odor perception test battery than respondents with a low score. These results suggest a causal relation between awareness of potentially negative odors, olfactory performance and experiencing health effects from environmental odor exposure, that warrants further investigation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/937390" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05568f713b893e753b057d26d7045821" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51157209,"asset_id":937390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51157209/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="252437" href="https://uu.academia.edu/MoniqueSmeets">Monique Smeets</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="252437" type="text/json">{"id":252437,"first_name":"Monique","last_name":"Smeets","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"MoniqueSmeets","display_name":"Monique Smeets","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/MoniqueSmeets?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_937390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="937390"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 937390, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_937390", }); 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The theory that odor awareness can be distinguished in awareness of negative (to be avoided) odors and positive (to be approached) odors was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the 34-item questionnaire after completion by 525 respondents. CFA (after deletion of 2 items) showed good fit of the 2-factor theory, resulting in a positive awareness subscale (11 items, Cronbach's a = .77) and a negative awareness subscale (21 items, Cronbach's a = .80). Furthermore, reports of sickness from environmental odors were correlated with the negative odor awareness factor, not the positive odor awareness factor. Respondents scoring high on the overall sum score of the OAS showed significantly better olfactory performance on an odor perception test battery than respondents with a low score. These results suggest a causal relation between awareness of potentially negative odors, olfactory performance and experiencing health effects from environmental odor exposure, that warrants further investigation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51157209,"asset_id":937390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":252437,"first_name":"Monique","last_name":"Smeets","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"MoniqueSmeets","display_name":"Monique Smeets","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/MoniqueSmeets?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":25940,"name":"Questionnaire design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaire_design?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological 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href="https://www.academia.edu/14060243/Multicolored_redox_active_upconverter_cerium_oxide_nanoparticle_for_bio_imaging_and_therapeutics">Multicolored redox active upconverter cerium oxide nanoparticle for bio-imaging and therapeutics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cytocompatible, co-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibited strong upconversion properties that were found to kill lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis thereby demonstrating the potential to be used as clinical contrast agents for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14060243" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cytocompatible, co-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibited strong upconversion properties that were found to kill lung cancer cells by inducing apoptosis thereby demonstrating the potential to be used as clinical contrast agents for imaging and as therapeutic agents for treatment of cancer.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14060243" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0ccac28694e8b03d3e57214cc0523519" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44647996,"asset_id":14060243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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type="text/json">{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20897698]'), work: 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Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":532,"name":"Physical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054"},{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=14054"},{"id":38442,"name":"Enzyme Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Kinetics?f_ri=14054"},{"id":39978,"name":"HIV","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV?f_ri=14054"},{"id":57808,"name":"Cell 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virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_immunodeficiency_virus?f_ri=14054"},{"id":431833,"name":"Tight Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tight_Binding?f_ri=14054"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=14054"},{"id":725615,"name":"Mechanism of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanism_of_action?f_ri=14054"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=14054"},{"id":792401,"name":"Antiviral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiviral?f_ri=14054"},{"id":801410,"name":"Triazines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Triazines?f_ri=14054"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=14054"},{"id":973494,"name":"Reverse Transcriptase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reverse_Transcriptase?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1010725,"name":"Protein Binding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Binding?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52154431" data-work_id="52154431" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52154431/Isolation_identification_and_synthesis_of_the_sex_pheromone_of_the_tobacco_budworm">Isolation, identification, and synthesis of the sex pheromone of the tobacco budworm</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The sex pheromone of females of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae, was identified to be a mixture of (Z,E)-9,11,13_tetradecatrienal, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal and (Z)-9-tetradecenal in the ratio of 1O:l:l. A synthetic blend proved... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52154431" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The sex pheromone of females of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae, was identified to be a mixture of (Z,E)-9,11,13_tetradecatrienal, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienal and (Z)-9-tetradecenal in the ratio of 1O:l:l. A synthetic blend proved to be attractive.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52154431" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c9557cc2c6c6d8166ebdb6751010961" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69550475,"asset_id":52154431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69550475/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="248046" href="https://osu.academia.edu/PPhelan">P Phelan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="248046" type="text/json">{"id":248046,"first_name":"P","last_name":"Phelan","domain_name":"osu","page_name":"PPhelan","display_name":"P Phelan","profile_url":"https://osu.academia.edu/PPhelan?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52154431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52154431"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52154431, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52154431", }); 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A synthetic blend proved to be attractive.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69550475,"asset_id":52154431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":248046,"first_name":"P","last_name":"Phelan","domain_name":"osu","page_name":"PPhelan","display_name":"P Phelan","profile_url":"https://osu.academia.edu/PPhelan?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":9109,"name":"Tobacco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tobacco?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=14054"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":439619,"name":"Sex Pheromone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Pheromone?f_ri=14054"},{"id":725411,"name":"Heliothis Virescens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heliothis_Virescens?f_ri=14054"},{"id":875404,"name":"Retention Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retention_Time?f_ri=14054"},{"id":3945153,"name":"Field Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Test?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51762745 coauthored" data-work_id="51762745" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51762745/Solubility_of_glucose_in_mixtures_containing_2_methyl_2_butanol_dimethyl_sulfoxide_acids_esters_and_water">Solubility of glucose in mixtures containing 2-methyl-2-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acids, esters, and water</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Solubility measurements of glucose in a variety of binary, ternary, and multicomponent mixtures containing 2-methyl-2-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acids, esters, and water at different temperatures are presented. The solubilities of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51762745" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Solubility measurements of glucose in a variety of binary, ternary, and multicomponent mixtures containing 2-methyl-2-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acids, esters, and water at different temperatures are presented. The solubilities of crystalline-glucose, amorphous-glucose, and amorphous-glucose in 2-methyl-2-butanol at 60°C have also been measured. The results show that the solubilities of the amorphous forms in 2-methyl-2-butanol are higher than that of the corresponding crystalline form. The presence of dimethyl sulfoxide significantly increases glucose solubility in 2-methyl-2-butanol. Finally, the presence of glucose ester increases glucose solubility in 2-methyl-2-butanol, while the presence of fatty acid has the opposite effect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51762745" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f826a54c94456dea9ac28f738efadc4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69342255,"asset_id":51762745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69342255/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="190812065" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MariaFlores718">Maria Flores</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="190812065" type="text/json">{"id":190812065,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Flores","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaFlores718","display_name":"Maria Flores","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaFlores718?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/190812065/53900204/42034684/s65_maria.flores.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-51762745">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-51762745"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/jeanmarcEngasser">jean-marc Engasser</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-51762745'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-51762745').html(); 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The solubilities of crystalline-glucose, amorphous-glucose, and amorphous-glucose in 2-methyl-2-butanol at 60°C have also been measured. The results show that the solubilities of the amorphous forms in 2-methyl-2-butanol are higher than that of the corresponding crystalline form. The presence of dimethyl sulfoxide significantly increases glucose solubility in 2-methyl-2-butanol. Finally, the presence of glucose ester increases glucose solubility in 2-methyl-2-butanol, while the presence of fatty acid has the opposite effect.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69342255,"asset_id":51762745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":190812065,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Flores","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MariaFlores718","display_name":"Maria Flores","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MariaFlores718?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/190812065/53900204/42034684/s65_maria.flores.jpeg"},{"id":118129231,"first_name":"jean-marc","last_name":"Engasser","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jeanmarcEngasser","display_name":"jean-marc Engasser","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jeanmarcEngasser?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47919179" data-work_id="47919179" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47919179/_6R_10R_6_10_14_Trimethylpentadecan_2_one_a_Dominant_and_Behaviorally_Active_Component_in_Male_Orchid_Bee_Fragrances">(6R, 10R)-6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one, a Dominant and Behaviorally Active Component in Male Orchid Bee Fragrances</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one (Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone; HHA) previously has been found to be a major component in tibial fragrances of male orchid bees, Euglossa spp. HHA is a chiral molecule with four possible stereoisomers, (6R,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47919179" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one (Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone; HHA) previously has been found to be a major component in tibial fragrances of male orchid bees, Euglossa spp. HHA is a chiral molecule with four possible stereoisomers, (6R, 10R)-, (6R, 10S)-, (6S, 10R)-, and (6S, 10S)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one. In the present study, we characterized HHA extracted from Euglossa as the pure enantiomer (6R, 10R)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one. During bioassays in Mexico and Panama, the synthetic RR-isomer attracted males of six species of orchid bees, including three that were known to contain HHA in their tibial fragrances. Possible sources of HHA for wild bees are flowers of euglossophilous orchids and aroids. With a molecular weight of 268, HHA is the largest natural molecule known to attract male orchid bees in pure form. Its attractiveness to males suggests that low-volatility compounds have a function in male signals, e.g., serve as a "base note" in complex odor bouquets.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47919179" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c2b37cc5356cd94e99eda3f3e6182af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66799637,"asset_id":47919179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66799637/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14428329" href="https://mittuniversitetet.academia.edu/ErikaWallin">Erika Wallin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14428329" type="text/json">{"id":14428329,"first_name":"Erika","last_name":"Wallin","domain_name":"mittuniversitetet","page_name":"ErikaWallin","display_name":"Erika Wallin","profile_url":"https://mittuniversitetet.academia.edu/ErikaWallin?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14428329/12811575/14226497/s65_erika.wallin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47919179 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47919179"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47919179, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47919179", }); 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HHA) previously has been found to be a major component in tibial fragrances of male orchid bees, Euglossa spp. HHA is a chiral molecule with four possible stereoisomers, (6R, 10R)-, (6R, 10S)-, (6S, 10R)-, and (6S, 10S)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one. In the present study, we characterized HHA extracted from Euglossa as the pure enantiomer (6R, 10R)-6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one. During bioassays in Mexico and Panama, the synthetic RR-isomer attracted males of six species of orchid bees, including three that were known to contain HHA in their tibial fragrances. Possible sources of HHA for wild bees are flowers of euglossophilous orchids and aroids. With a molecular weight of 268, HHA is the largest natural molecule known to attract male orchid bees in pure form. Its attractiveness to males suggests that low-volatility compounds have a function in male signals, e.g., serve as a \"base note\" in complex odor bouquets.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66799637,"asset_id":47919179,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14428329,"first_name":"Erika","last_name":"Wallin","domain_name":"mittuniversitetet","page_name":"ErikaWallin","display_name":"Erika Wallin","profile_url":"https://mittuniversitetet.academia.edu/ErikaWallin?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14428329/12811575/14226497/s65_erika.wallin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":28378,"name":"Animal communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_communication?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":39284,"name":"Panama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Panama?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":43881,"name":"Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico?f_ri=14054"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=14054"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=14054"},{"id":59690,"name":"Bees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bees?f_ri=14054"},{"id":165799,"name":"Terpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenes?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":617771,"name":"MEXICO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MEXICO-2015?f_ri=14054"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1898597,"name":"Volatile Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volatile_Compounds?f_ri=14054"},{"id":3889175,"name":"stereoisomerism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/stereoisomerism?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3493008" data-work_id="3493008" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3493008/Mercury_Beating_Heart_Modifications_to_the_Classical_Demonstration">Mercury Beating Heart: Modifications to the Classical Demonstration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Identifying the person who first discovered the mercury beating heart (MBH) is controversial. Berzelius, in his Spanish edition of Chemistry, stated that this phenomenon was observed for the first time by Ermann and further studied by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3493008" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Identifying the person who first discovered the mercury beating heart (MBH) is controversial. Berzelius, in his Spanish edition of Chemistry, stated that this phenomenon was observed for the first time by Ermann and further studied by Herschel's son and Pfaff (1). However, Avnir (2) stated that Carl Adolf Paalzow (1858) deserves the credit for the discovery.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3493008" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6e3393cfa54d64b9fa8d0049b6844b8b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50263444,"asset_id":3493008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50263444/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4101431" href="https://ukim.academia.edu/MNajdoski">Metodija Najdoski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4101431" type="text/json">{"id":4101431,"first_name":"Metodija","last_name":"Najdoski","domain_name":"ukim","page_name":"MNajdoski","display_name":"Metodija Najdoski","profile_url":"https://ukim.academia.edu/MNajdoski?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4101431/1582887/1915660/s65_metodija.najdoski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3493008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3493008"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3493008, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3493008", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3493008]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3493008").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3493008").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3493008"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education">Chemical Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="853" type="text/json">{"id":853,"name":"Chemical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES">CHEMICAL SCIENCES</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="260118" type="text/json">{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3493008]'), work: {"id":3493008,"title":"Mercury Beating Heart: Modifications to the Classical Demonstration","created_at":"2013-05-08T08:28:15.495-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3493008/Mercury_Beating_Heart_Modifications_to_the_Classical_Demonstration?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_3493008","summary":"Identifying the person who first discovered the mercury beating heart (MBH) is controversial. Berzelius, in his Spanish edition of Chemistry, stated that this phenomenon was observed for the first time by Ermann and further studied by Herschel's son and Pfaff (1). However, Avnir (2) stated that Carl Adolf Paalzow (1858) deserves the credit for the discovery.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50263444,"asset_id":3493008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4101431,"first_name":"Metodija","last_name":"Najdoski","domain_name":"ukim","page_name":"MNajdoski","display_name":"Metodija Najdoski","profile_url":"https://ukim.academia.edu/MNajdoski?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4101431/1582887/1915660/s65_metodija.najdoski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":853,"name":"Chemical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66581137" data-work_id="66581137" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66581137/Iron_loaded_synthetic_chrysotile_a_new_model_solid_for_studying_the_role_of_iron_in_asbestos_toxicity">Iron-loaded synthetic chrysotile: a new model solid for studying the role of iron in asbestos toxicity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The generation of reactive oxygen species and other radicals, catalyzed by iron ions at the fiber surface, is thought to play an important role in asbestos-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, but a direct confirmation of this statement... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66581137" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The generation of reactive oxygen species and other radicals, catalyzed by iron ions at the fiber surface, is thought to play an important role in asbestos-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, but a direct confirmation of this statement needs the availability of asbestos samples differing only for their iron content, without the interference of other physicochemical features. Synthetic stoichiometric chrysotile nanofibers, devoid of iron or any other contaminant, did not exert genotoxic and cytotoxic effects nor elicited oxidative stress in a murine alveolar macrophage cell line; on the contrary, the same nanofibers, loaded with 0.57% and 0.94% (w/w) iron, induced DNA strand breaks, lipoperoxidation, inhibition of redox metabolism and alterations of cell integrity, similarly to natural chrysotile. On the other hand, the incubation with ferric nitrilotriacetate, a cell-permeating iron complex, even if it caused an intracellular overloading of iron very similar to that elicited by iron-loaded synthetic chrysotile and by natural chrysotile, did not exert any of these effects. This suggests that chrysotile is not toxic by acting simply as a carrier of iron into the cell, but rather that the redox activity of iron is potentiated when organized at the fibers surface into specific crystallographic sites having coordination states able to activate free radical generation. Synthetic chrysotile fibers may be proposed as a standard reference sample and model solids for experimental studies on asbestos fibers aiming to clarify the mechanisms of its toxicity and to synthesize new fibers devoid of pathogenic effects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66581137" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc4f0539d4171e339175fe440762d60f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77716326,"asset_id":66581137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77716326/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="124537758" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CanzioRomano">Canzio Romano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="124537758" type="text/json">{"id":124537758,"first_name":"Canzio","last_name":"Romano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CanzioRomano","display_name":"Canzio Romano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CanzioRomano?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66581137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66581137"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66581137, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66581137", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66581137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66581137; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66581137"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66581137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66581137"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66581137; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66581137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66581137").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66581137").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66581137"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="530" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry">Inorganic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="530" type="text/json">{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry">Organic Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="531" type="text/json">{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2425" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radicals">Free Radicals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2425" type="text/json">{"id":2425,"name":"Free Radicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radicals?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66581137]'), work: {"id":66581137,"title":"Iron-loaded synthetic chrysotile: a new model solid for studying the role of iron in asbestos toxicity","created_at":"2021-12-30T08:10:01.852-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66581137/Iron_loaded_synthetic_chrysotile_a_new_model_solid_for_studying_the_role_of_iron_in_asbestos_toxicity?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_66581137","summary":"The generation of reactive oxygen species and other radicals, catalyzed by iron ions at the fiber surface, is thought to play an important role in asbestos-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, but a direct confirmation of this statement needs the availability of asbestos samples differing only for their iron content, without the interference of other physicochemical features. Synthetic stoichiometric chrysotile nanofibers, devoid of iron or any other contaminant, did not exert genotoxic and cytotoxic effects nor elicited oxidative stress in a murine alveolar macrophage cell line; on the contrary, the same nanofibers, loaded with 0.57% and 0.94% (w/w) iron, induced DNA strand breaks, lipoperoxidation, inhibition of redox metabolism and alterations of cell integrity, similarly to natural chrysotile. On the other hand, the incubation with ferric nitrilotriacetate, a cell-permeating iron complex, even if it caused an intracellular overloading of iron very similar to that elicited by iron-loaded synthetic chrysotile and by natural chrysotile, did not exert any of these effects. This suggests that chrysotile is not toxic by acting simply as a carrier of iron into the cell, but rather that the redox activity of iron is potentiated when organized at the fibers surface into specific crystallographic sites having coordination states able to activate free radical generation. Synthetic chrysotile fibers may be proposed as a standard reference sample and model solids for experimental studies on asbestos fibers aiming to clarify the mechanisms of its toxicity and to synthesize new fibers devoid of pathogenic effects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77716326,"asset_id":66581137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":124537758,"first_name":"Canzio","last_name":"Romano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CanzioRomano","display_name":"Canzio Romano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CanzioRomano?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":2425,"name":"Free Radicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radicals?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054"},{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress?f_ri=14054"},{"id":17491,"name":"Macrophages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrophages?f_ri=14054"},{"id":18533,"name":"Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=14054"},{"id":23066,"name":"DNA damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_damage?f_ri=14054"},{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=14054"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=14054"},{"id":118450,"name":"Glutathione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione?f_ri=14054"},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron?f_ri=14054"},{"id":233372,"name":"Lipid peroxidation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_peroxidation?f_ri=14054"},{"id":279382,"name":"Comet Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comet_Assay?f_ri=14054"},{"id":965028,"name":"Cell free System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_free_System?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1118199,"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Chemical_Toxicology?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1446339,"name":"Malondialdehyde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malondialdehyde?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1954742,"name":"Pentose Phosphate Pathway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pentose_Phosphate_Pathway?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66059823" data-work_id="66059823" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66059823/Adsorption_of_fluoride_from_aqueous_solution_by_magnesia_amended_silicon_dioxide_granules">Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution by magnesia-amended silicon dioxide granules</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: A new kind of adsorbent, magnesia-amended silicon dioxide granules (MAS), has been prepared by wet impregnation of silicon dioxide with magnesium chloride solution. The physicochemical properties were characterized using X-ray... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66059823" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND: A new kind of adsorbent, magnesia-amended silicon dioxide granules (MAS), has been prepared by wet impregnation of silicon dioxide with magnesium chloride solution. The physicochemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) studies. The porous structure and high surface area of these granules make them suitable for sorption. The aim of this study was to show the possibility of defluoridation of water using MAS and to demonstrate the advantage of its use compared with silicon dioxide. RESULTS: XRD and FT-IR analysis showed that amorphous magnesia was loaded on silicon dioxide after treating with magnesium chloride solution and calcining at 500 • C. Batch sorption experiments indicated that MAS is more effective than silicon dioxide for fluoride adsorption. The sorption capacities of MAS decreased as the solution pH rose. At pH 3, the maximum defluoridation capacity of MAS was 12.6 mg g −1. The adsorption process fitted the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm and kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption followed second-order rate kinetics. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is feasible to modify both the physical and chemical properties of silicon dioxide with magnesia so that it can be used as a potential adsorbent to adsorb fluoride from aqueous solution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66059823" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccc356521eb921c2f4ca049614c9a8e4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77399803,"asset_id":66059823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77399803/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52714544" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VenkateshamVuppala">Venkatesham Vuppala</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52714544" type="text/json">{"id":52714544,"first_name":"Venkatesham","last_name":"Vuppala","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VenkateshamVuppala","display_name":"Venkatesham Vuppala","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VenkateshamVuppala?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66059823 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66059823"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66059823, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66059823", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66059823]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66059823").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66059823").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66059823"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="989646" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqueous_Solution">Aqueous Solution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="989646" type="text/json">{"id":989646,"name":"Aqueous Solution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqueous_Solution?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66059823]'), work: {"id":66059823,"title":"Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution by magnesia-amended silicon dioxide granules","created_at":"2021-12-26T21:20:43.653-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66059823/Adsorption_of_fluoride_from_aqueous_solution_by_magnesia_amended_silicon_dioxide_granules?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_66059823","summary":"BACKGROUND: A new kind of adsorbent, magnesia-amended silicon dioxide granules (MAS), has been prepared by wet impregnation of silicon dioxide with magnesium chloride solution. The physicochemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) studies. The porous structure and high surface area of these granules make them suitable for sorption. The aim of this study was to show the possibility of defluoridation of water using MAS and to demonstrate the advantage of its use compared with silicon dioxide. RESULTS: XRD and FT-IR analysis showed that amorphous magnesia was loaded on silicon dioxide after treating with magnesium chloride solution and calcining at 500 • C. Batch sorption experiments indicated that MAS is more effective than silicon dioxide for fluoride adsorption. The sorption capacities of MAS decreased as the solution pH rose. At pH 3, the maximum defluoridation capacity of MAS was 12.6 mg g −1. The adsorption process fitted the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm and kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption followed second-order rate kinetics. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that it is feasible to modify both the physical and chemical properties of silicon dioxide with magnesia so that it can be used as a potential adsorbent to adsorb fluoride from aqueous solution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77399803,"asset_id":66059823,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52714544,"first_name":"Venkatesham","last_name":"Vuppala","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VenkateshamVuppala","display_name":"Venkatesham Vuppala","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VenkateshamVuppala?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":989646,"name":"Aqueous Solution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aqueous_Solution?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1140114" data-work_id="1140114" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1140114/Reactivity_of_Re_2_CO_8_MeCN_2_With_1_vinylimidazole_X_ray_Structures_of_Re_2_CO_8_%CE%B7_1_NC_3_H_3_N_CH_CH_2_2_and_ReCl_2_CO_2_%CE%B7_1_NC_3_H_3_N_CH_">Reactivity of [Re 2 (CO) 8 (MeCN) 2] With 1-vinylimidazole: X-ray Structures of [Re 2 (CO) 8 {η 1-NC 3 H 3 N (CH= CH 2)} 2] and [ReCl 2 (CO) 2 {η 1-NC 3 H 3 N (CH= …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Treatment of [Re 2 (CO) 8 (MeCN) 2 ] with excess 1-vinylimidazole in refluxing benzene gives three new compounds [Re 2 (CO) 9 {g 1 -NC 3 H 3 N(CH=CH 2 )}] (1), [Re 2 (CO) 8 {g 1 -NC 3 H 3 N(CH=CH 2 )} 2 ] (2) and [ReCl 2 (CO) 2 {g 1 -NC 3... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1140114" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Treatment of [Re 2 (CO) 8 (MeCN) 2 ] with excess 1-vinylimidazole in refluxing benzene gives three new compounds [Re 2 (CO) 9 {g 1 -NC 3 H 3 N(CH=CH 2 )}] (1), [Re 2 (CO) 8 {g 1 -NC 3 H 3 N(CH=CH 2 )} 2 ] (2) and [ReCl 2 (CO) 2 {g 1 -NC 3 H 3 N(CH=CH 2 )} 2 ] (3) in 11, 32 and 2% yields, respectively. The solid-state structures of complexes 2 and 3 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with lattice parameters a = 13.8378(5) Å , b = 11.8909(5) Å , c = 14.4591(6) Å , b = 116.6470(10)°, Z = 4 and V = 2131.99(15) Å 3 . Compound 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with lattice parameters a = 10.1028(3) Å , b = 13.5640(5) Å , c = 12.5398(4) Å , b = 109.637</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1140114" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f03b89e8fd1382bfae2794f5575b93b1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51087404,"asset_id":1140114,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51087404/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1021594" href="https://univdhaka.academia.edu/GolzarHossain">G M Golzar Hossain</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1021594" type="text/json">{"id":1021594,"first_name":"G M Golzar","last_name":"Hossain","domain_name":"univdhaka","page_name":"GolzarHossain","display_name":"G M Golzar Hossain","profile_url":"https://univdhaka.academia.edu/GolzarHossain?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1021594/2741322/3193717/s65_g_m_golzar.hossain.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1140114 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1140114"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1140114, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1140114", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1140114]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1140114").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1140114").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1140114"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1140114]'), work: {"id":1140114,"title":"Reactivity of [Re 2 (CO) 8 (MeCN) 2] With 1-vinylimidazole: X-ray Structures of [Re 2 (CO) 8 {η 1-NC 3 H 3 N (CH= CH 2)} 2] and [ReCl 2 (CO) 2 {η 1-NC 3 H 3 N (CH= …","created_at":"2011-12-06T18:49:41.160-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1140114/Reactivity_of_Re_2_CO_8_MeCN_2_With_1_vinylimidazole_X_ray_Structures_of_Re_2_CO_8_%CE%B7_1_NC_3_H_3_N_CH_CH_2_2_and_ReCl_2_CO_2_%CE%B7_1_NC_3_H_3_N_CH_?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_1140114","summary":"Treatment of [Re 2 (CO) 8 (MeCN) 2 ] with excess 1-vinylimidazole in refluxing benzene gives three new compounds [Re 2 (CO) 9 {g 1 -NC 3 H 3 N(CH=CH 2 )}] (1), [Re 2 (CO) 8 {g 1 -NC 3 H 3 N(CH=CH 2 )} 2 ] (2) and [ReCl 2 (CO) 2 {g 1 -NC 3 H 3 N(CH=CH 2 )} 2 ] (3) in 11, 32 and 2% yields, respectively. The solid-state structures of complexes 2 and 3 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with lattice parameters a = 13.8378(5) Å , b = 11.8909(5) Å , c = 14.4591(6) Å , b = 116.6470(10)°, Z = 4 and V = 2131.99(15) Å 3 . Compound 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with lattice parameters a = 10.1028(3) Å , b = 13.5640(5) Å , c = 12.5398(4) Å , b = 109.637","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51087404,"asset_id":1140114,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1021594,"first_name":"G M Golzar","last_name":"Hossain","domain_name":"univdhaka","page_name":"GolzarHossain","display_name":"G M Golzar Hossain","profile_url":"https://univdhaka.academia.edu/GolzarHossain?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1021594/2741322/3193717/s65_g_m_golzar.hossain.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4039070" data-work_id="4039070" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4039070/Removal_of_heavy_metals_using_a_brewer_s_yeast_strain_of_Saccharomyces_cerevisiae_The_flocculation_as_a_separation_process">Removal of heavy metals using a brewer’s yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The flocculation as a separation process</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this work, a brewer’s yeast strain was used to remove heavy metals from a synthetic effluent. The solid–liquid separation process was carried out using the flocculation ability of the strain. The yeast strain was able to sediment in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4039070" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this work, a brewer’s yeast strain was used to remove heavy metals from a synthetic effluent. The solid–liquid separation process was carried out using the flocculation ability of the strain. The yeast strain was able to sediment in the presence of Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Cr3+, which evidences that the flocculation can be used as a cheap and natural separation process for an enlarged range of industrial effluents. For a biomass concentration higher than 0.5 g/l, more than 95% of the cells were settled after 5 min; this fact shows that the auto-aggregation of yeast biomass is a rapid and efficient separation process. Cells inactivated at 45 °C maintain the sedimentation characteristics, while cells inactivated at 80 °C lose partially (40%) the flocculation.The passage of metal-loaded effluent through a series of sequential batches allowed, after the second batch, the reduction of the Ni2+concentration in solution for values below the legal limit of discharge of wastewater in natural waters (2 mg/l); this procedure corresponds to a removal of 91%. A subsequent batch had a marginal effect on Ni2+ removal (96%).Together, the results obtained suggest that the use of brewing flocculent biomass looks a promising alternative in the bioremediation of metal-loaded industrial effluents since the removal of the heavy metals and cell separation are simultaneously achieved.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4039070" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a6fc361571e3ae3b75f260be697b2e09" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50068313,"asset_id":4039070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50068313/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4855966" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MachadoManuela">Manuela Machado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4855966" type="text/json">{"id":4855966,"first_name":"Manuela","last_name":"Machado","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MachadoManuela","display_name":"Manuela Machado","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MachadoManuela?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4855966/2080787/2448076/s65_manuela.machado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4039070 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4039070"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4039070, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4039070", }); 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The solid–liquid separation process was carried out using the flocculation ability of the strain. The yeast strain was able to sediment in the presence of Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Cr3+, which evidences that the flocculation can be used as a cheap and natural separation process for an enlarged range of industrial effluents. For a biomass concentration higher than 0.5 g/l, more than 95% of the cells were settled after 5 min; this fact shows that the auto-aggregation of yeast biomass is a rapid and efficient separation process. Cells inactivated at 45 °C maintain the sedimentation characteristics, while cells inactivated at 80 °C lose partially (40%) the flocculation.The passage of metal-loaded effluent through a series of sequential batches allowed, after the second batch, the reduction of the Ni2+concentration in solution for values below the legal limit of discharge of wastewater in natural waters (2 mg/l); this procedure corresponds to a removal of 91%. A subsequent batch had a marginal effect on Ni2+ removal (96%).Together, the results obtained suggest that the use of brewing flocculent biomass looks a promising alternative in the bioremediation of metal-loaded industrial effluents since the removal of the heavy metals and cell separation are simultaneously achieved.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50068313,"asset_id":4039070,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4855966,"first_name":"Manuela","last_name":"Machado","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MachadoManuela","display_name":"Manuela Machado","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MachadoManuela?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4855966/2080787/2448076/s65_manuela.machado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":4310,"name":"Speciation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speciation?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":6333,"name":"Bioremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation?f_ri=14054"},{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=14054"},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=14054"},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054"},{"id":19703,"name":"Applied microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology?f_ri=14054"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054"},{"id":31837,"name":"Cell separation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_separation?f_ri=14054"},{"id":43981,"name":"Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization?f_ri=14054"},{"id":49123,"name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae?f_ri=14054"},{"id":57697,"name":"Heavy metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_metals?f_ri=14054"},{"id":84278,"name":"Ph","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ph?f_ri=14054"},{"id":96172,"name":"Flocculation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flocculation?f_ri=14054"},{"id":111050,"name":"Heavy Metal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metal?f_ri=14054"},{"id":149625,"name":"Hazardous Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hazardous_Materials?f_ri=14054"},{"id":205461,"name":"Bioavailability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioavailability?f_ri=14054"},{"id":369145,"name":"Chemical Precipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Precipitation?f_ri=14054"},{"id":414914,"name":"Waste Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Water?f_ri=14054"},{"id":532843,"name":"Industrial Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Waste?f_ri=14054"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=14054"},{"id":957423,"name":"Decontamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decontamination?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1030882,"name":"Ligand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ligand?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1491514,"name":"*Hot Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Hot_Temperature?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1647834,"name":"Floculation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Floculation?f_ri=14054"},{"id":2468093,"name":"Cell Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8658676" data-work_id="8658676" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8658676/Chemical_Reactions_of_C_1_Compounds_in_Near_Critical_and_Supercritical_Water">Chemical Reactions of C 1 Compounds in Near-Critical and Supercritical Water</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">SATO, T.; INOMATA, H.; SMITH, R. L. J.; ARAI, K.; KRUSE, A.; DINJUS, E.; Chem. Rev. (Washington, D. C.) 104 (2004) 12, 5803-5821; Res. Cent. Supercrit. Fluid Technol., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, Japan; Eng.) -Lindner 11-294</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8658676" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="805551e13bce29ede9ef9ed703859165" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48028988,"asset_id":8658676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48028988/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18073851" href="https://tohoku.academia.edu/MasaruWatanabe">Masaru Watanabe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18073851" type="text/json">{"id":18073851,"first_name":"Masaru","last_name":"Watanabe","domain_name":"tohoku","page_name":"MasaruWatanabe","display_name":"Masaru Watanabe","profile_url":"https://tohoku.academia.edu/MasaruWatanabe?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18073851/5037866/5781052/s65_masaru.watanabe.jpg_oh_01c7756567872435837ab7c9d43ea0f0_oe_54bb24be___gda___1422105294_bbca50f7b97c88c8281de3645d4c7503"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8658676 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8658676"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8658676, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8658676", }); 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INOMATA, H.; SMITH, R. L. J.; ARAI, K.; KRUSE, A.; DINJUS, E.; Chem. Rev. (Washington, D. C.) 104 (2004) 12, 5803-5821; Res. Cent. Supercrit. Fluid Technol., Tohoku Univ., Aoba, Sendai 980, Japan; Eng.) -Lindner 11-294","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48028988,"asset_id":8658676,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18073851,"first_name":"Masaru","last_name":"Watanabe","domain_name":"tohoku","page_name":"MasaruWatanabe","display_name":"Masaru Watanabe","profile_url":"https://tohoku.academia.edu/MasaruWatanabe?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18073851/5037866/5781052/s65_masaru.watanabe.jpg_oh_01c7756567872435837ab7c9d43ea0f0_oe_54bb24be___gda___1422105294_bbca50f7b97c88c8281de3645d4c7503"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":112334,"name":"Methanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methanol?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":156347,"name":"Methane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":539878,"name":"Chemical Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Reaction?f_ri=14054"},{"id":819116,"name":"Formaldehyde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formaldehyde?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25720962" data-work_id="25720962" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25720962/A_benchmark_data_set_for_in_silico_prediction_of_ames_mutagenicity">A benchmark data set for in silico prediction of ames mutagenicity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In silico prediction tools for Ames mutagenicity (Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay) represent a costeffective high throughput approach for the prioritization of compounds before submission to experimental testing. Various... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25720962" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In silico prediction tools for Ames mutagenicity (Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay) represent a costeffective high throughput approach for the prioritization of compounds before submission to experimental testing. Various modeling approaches have been pursued in this field during the last few years. However, the publicly available data sets used for modeling are mostly very limited in terms of size and chemical coverage. Hence, a reasonable comparison of the different modeling methodologies is so far -as for most QSAR problems -impossible.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25720962" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bfe0e8da7963c4641d757ce262a407b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46069180,"asset_id":25720962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46069180/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49422159" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KlausrobertM%C3%BCller">Klaus-robert Müller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49422159" type="text/json">{"id":49422159,"first_name":"Klaus-robert","last_name":"Müller","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KlausrobertMüller","display_name":"Klaus-robert Müller","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KlausrobertM%C3%BCller?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25720962 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25720962"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25720962, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25720962", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25720962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25720962").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25720962").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25720962"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="465" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="465" type="text/json">{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology">Computational Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4233" type="text/json">{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24777" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benchmarking">Benchmarking</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24777" type="text/json">{"id":24777,"name":"Benchmarking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benchmarking?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25720962]'), work: {"id":25720962,"title":"A benchmark data set for in silico prediction of ames mutagenicity","created_at":"2016-05-30T06:10:04.017-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25720962/A_benchmark_data_set_for_in_silico_prediction_of_ames_mutagenicity?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_25720962","summary":"In silico prediction tools for Ames mutagenicity (Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay) represent a costeffective high throughput approach for the prioritization of compounds before submission to experimental testing. Various modeling approaches have been pursued in this field during the last few years. However, the publicly available data sets used for modeling are mostly very limited in terms of size and chemical coverage. Hence, a reasonable comparison of the different modeling methodologies is so far -as for most QSAR problems -impossible.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46069180,"asset_id":25720962,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49422159,"first_name":"Klaus-robert","last_name":"Müller","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KlausrobertMüller","display_name":"Klaus-robert Müller","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KlausrobertM%C3%BCller?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":465,"name":"Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":24777,"name":"Benchmarking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benchmarking?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":102637,"name":"Salmonella Typhimurium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmonella_Typhimurium?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":645605,"name":"THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THEORETICAL_AND_COMPUTATIONAL_CHEMISTRY?f_ri=14054"},{"id":865697,"name":"In Silico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Silico?f_ri=14054"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1142720,"name":"Normal Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normal_Distribution?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1162913,"name":"Mutagens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutagens?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13406739" data-work_id="13406739" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13406739/A_chirality_induced_alpha_phase_and_a_novel_molecular_magnetic_metal_in_the_BEDT_TTF_tris_croconate_ferrate_iii_hybrid_molecular_system">A chirality-induced alpha phase and a novel molecular magnetic metal in the BEDT-TTF/tris(croconate)ferrate(iii) hybrid molecular system</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The novel paramagnetic and chiral anion [Fe(C 5 O 5 ) 3 ] 32 has been combined with the organic donor BEDT-TTF (= ET = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene) to yield the first chiralityinduced a phase and a paramagnetic metal.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13406739" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c94dfab3e65695f46113dcac69e344e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45377821,"asset_id":13406739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45377821/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32629102" href="https://unica.academia.edu/AngelaSerpe">Angela Serpe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32629102" type="text/json">{"id":32629102,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Serpe","domain_name":"unica","page_name":"AngelaSerpe","display_name":"Angela Serpe","profile_url":"https://unica.academia.edu/AngelaSerpe?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13406739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13406739"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13406739, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13406739", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13406739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13406739; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13406739"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13406739 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13406739"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13406739; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13406739]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13406739").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13406739").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13406739"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macromolecular_X-Ray_Crystallography">Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33441" type="text/json">{"id":33441,"name":"Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macromolecular_X-Ray_Crystallography?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133177" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature">Temperature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133177" type="text/json">{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158597" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron">Iron</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="158597" type="text/json">{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13406739]'), work: {"id":13406739,"title":"A chirality-induced alpha phase and a novel molecular magnetic metal in the BEDT-TTF/tris(croconate)ferrate(iii) hybrid molecular system","created_at":"2015-06-29T01:21:33.281-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13406739/A_chirality_induced_alpha_phase_and_a_novel_molecular_magnetic_metal_in_the_BEDT_TTF_tris_croconate_ferrate_iii_hybrid_molecular_system?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_13406739","summary":"The novel paramagnetic and chiral anion [Fe(C 5 O 5 ) 3 ] 32 has been combined with the organic donor BEDT-TTF (= ET = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene) to yield the first chiralityinduced a phase and a paramagnetic metal.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45377821,"asset_id":13406739,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32629102,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Serpe","domain_name":"unica","page_name":"AngelaSerpe","display_name":"Angela Serpe","profile_url":"https://unica.academia.edu/AngelaSerpe?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":33441,"name":"Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macromolecular_X-Ray_Crystallography?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":158597,"name":"Iron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":335874,"name":"Magnetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetics?f_ri=14054"},{"id":649537,"name":"Molecular Conformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Conformation?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1257960,"name":"Ferric Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ferric_Compounds?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15523087" data-work_id="15523087" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15523087/Aryl_Hydrocarbon_Receptor_Mediated_Effects_of_Chlorinated_Polycyclic_Aromatic_Hydrocarbons">Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Effects of Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) with 3-5 rings are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. However, toxicities of ClPAHs remain unclear. In this study, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activities of ClPAHs... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15523087" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) with 3-5 rings are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. However, toxicities of ClPAHs remain unclear. In this study, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activities of ClPAHs were investigated by using a yeast assay system. All environmentally relevant 18 ClPAHs showed the AhR activities in the test; the activities were elevated with the number of chlorine atoms on the lower molecular weight PAH (∼three-ring and fluoranthene derivatives) but not for higher molecular weight ClPAHs (>four-ring). The similar trends were also observed in certain ClPAHs-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in MCF-7 cells. The structure-activity relationship between the AhR activity and the corresponding solvent accessible surface area of ClPAHs revealed a parabolic relationship, with approximately 350 Å 2 /molecule as the optimal dimensions as the ligand for binding to AhR. These findings indicate that the spatial dimensions of ClPAHs apparently influence their ability to activate the AhR. Finally, we discussed the toxicity of exposure to ClPAHs based on the AhR activities, estimated that it would be approximately 30-50 times higher than that of dioxins.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15523087" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1112dcc9b6b08cfbf4455d3f42eccac4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43121420,"asset_id":15523087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43121420/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34676947" href="https://meijo-u.academia.edu/TakeshiOhura">Takeshi Ohura</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34676947" type="text/json">{"id":34676947,"first_name":"Takeshi","last_name":"Ohura","domain_name":"meijo-u","page_name":"TakeshiOhura","display_name":"Takeshi Ohura","profile_url":"https://meijo-u.academia.edu/TakeshiOhura?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15523087 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15523087"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15523087, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15523087", }); 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However, toxicities of ClPAHs remain unclear. In this study, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activities of ClPAHs were investigated by using a yeast assay system. All environmentally relevant 18 ClPAHs showed the AhR activities in the test; the activities were elevated with the number of chlorine atoms on the lower molecular weight PAH (∼three-ring and fluoranthene derivatives) but not for higher molecular weight ClPAHs (\u003efour-ring). The similar trends were also observed in certain ClPAHs-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in MCF-7 cells. The structure-activity relationship between the AhR activity and the corresponding solvent accessible surface area of ClPAHs revealed a parabolic relationship, with approximately 350 Å 2 /molecule as the optimal dimensions as the ligand for binding to AhR. These findings indicate that the spatial dimensions of ClPAHs apparently influence their ability to activate the AhR. Finally, we discussed the toxicity of exposure to ClPAHs based on the AhR activities, estimated that it would be approximately 30-50 times higher than that of dioxins.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43121420,"asset_id":15523087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34676947,"first_name":"Takeshi","last_name":"Ohura","domain_name":"meijo-u","page_name":"TakeshiOhura","display_name":"Takeshi Ohura","profile_url":"https://meijo-u.academia.edu/TakeshiOhura?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":49123,"name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":184001,"name":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polycyclic_Aromatic_Hydrocarbon?f_ri=14054"},{"id":238007,"name":"Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aryl_Hydrocarbon_Receptor?f_ri=14054"},{"id":281150,"name":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbons_PAHs_?f_ri=14054"},{"id":967839,"name":"Structure activity Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure_activity_Relationship?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1109769,"name":"Biological Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Assay?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1118199,"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Chemical_Toxicology?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18856949" data-work_id="18856949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18856949/Copper_II_cobalt_II_nickel_II_and_zinc_II_complexes_of_Schiff_base_derived_from_benzil_2_4_dinitrophenylhydrazone_with_aniline">Copper(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes of Schiff base derived from benzil-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone with aniline</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">New Schiff base chelates of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) derived from benzil-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone with aniline have been synthesised. Microanalytical data, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility values have been... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18856949" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">New Schiff base chelates of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) derived from benzil-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone with aniline have been synthesised. Microanalytical data, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility values have been obtained, and IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, UV-Vis, CV and EPR spectral studies have been carried out to suggest tentative structures for the complexes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18856949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="798dd51f6e7a38287b0f19ecb385f917" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40293461,"asset_id":18856949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40293461/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38958981" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderSteiner1">Alexander Steiner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38958981" type="text/json">{"id":38958981,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Steiner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderSteiner1","display_name":"Alexander Steiner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderSteiner1?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18856949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18856949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18856949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18856949", }); 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Microanalytical data, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility values have been obtained, and IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, UV-Vis, CV and EPR spectral studies have been carried out to suggest tentative structures for the complexes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40293461,"asset_id":18856949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38958981,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Steiner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderSteiner1","display_name":"Alexander Steiner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderSteiner1?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":149117,"name":"Magnetic Susceptibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Susceptibility?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":158165,"name":"Zinc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":194828,"name":"Nickel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nickel?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":423179,"name":"Schiff Base","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schiff_Base?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3881298 coauthored" data-work_id="3881298" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3881298/Ultrafast_Excited_State_Dynamics_in_Nucleic_Acids">Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics in Nucleic Acids</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3881298" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce96a9deedd46cf1b7c5a82a5a0f29dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50111636,"asset_id":3881298,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50111636/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4135" href="https://case.academia.edu/CarlosCrespo">Carlos E. 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Crespo-Hernández","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/CarlosCrespo?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4135/2021425/2383521/s65_carlos.crespo-hern_ndez.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3881298">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3881298"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatrickHare1">Patrick Hare</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3881298'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-3881298').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3881298 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3881298"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3881298, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3881298", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3881298 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3881298; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3881298"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3881298 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3881298"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3881298; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3881298]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3881298").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3881298").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3881298"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5104" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photochemistry">Photochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5104" type="text/json">{"id":5104,"name":"Photochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photochemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="178906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_Acids">Nucleic Acids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="178906" type="text/json">{"id":178906,"name":"Nucleic Acids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_Acids?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES">CHEMICAL SCIENCES</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="260118" type="text/json">{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3881298]'), work: {"id":3881298,"title":"Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics in Nucleic Acids","created_at":"2013-07-06T07:02:40.443-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3881298/Ultrafast_Excited_State_Dynamics_in_Nucleic_Acids?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_3881298","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50111636,"asset_id":3881298,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4135,"first_name":"Carlos E.","last_name":"Crespo-Hernández","domain_name":"case","page_name":"CarlosCrespo","display_name":"Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/CarlosCrespo?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4135/2021425/2383521/s65_carlos.crespo-hern_ndez.jpg"},{"id":47954419,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Hare","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PatrickHare1","display_name":"Patrick Hare","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PatrickHare1?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5104,"name":"Photochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photochemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":178906,"name":"Nucleic Acids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_Acids?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":393410,"name":"Excited states","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excited_states?f_ri=14054"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1727314,"name":"Nucleic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_Acid?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1745595,"name":"Solvents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvents?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76611838" data-work_id="76611838" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76611838/Charge_Transport_in_Organic_Semiconductors">Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Modern optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, fieldeffect transistors and organic solar cells require well controlled motion of charges for their efficient operation. The understanding of the processes that determine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76611838" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Modern optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, fieldeffect transistors and organic solar cells require well controlled motion of charges for their efficient operation. The understanding of the processes that determine charge transport is therefore of paramount importance for designing materials with improved structure-property relationships. Before discussing different regimes of charge transport in organic semiconductors, we present a brief introduction into the conceptual framework in which we interpret the relevant photophysical processes. That is, we compare a molecular picture of electronic excitations against the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger semiconductor band model. After a brief description of experimental techniques needed to measure charge mobilities, we then elaborate on the parameters controlling charge transport in technologically relevant materials. Thus, we consider the influences of electronic coupling between molecular units, disorder, polaronic effects and space charge. A particular focus is given to the recent progress made in understanding charge transport on short time scales and short length scales. The mechanism for charge injection is briefly addressed towards the end of this chapter. Keywords Charge carrier mobility Á Charge transport Á Organic semiconductors Á Molecular model Á Gaussian disorder model Á SSH model Á Organic optoelectronics Contents</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76611838" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a429b4cb952283649a7f31f8b2c1fdbb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84279699,"asset_id":76611838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84279699/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="220973527" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaK%C3%B6hler7">Anna Köhler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="220973527" type="text/json">{"id":220973527,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Köhler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnaKöhler7","display_name":"Anna Köhler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaK%C3%B6hler7?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/220973527/78825278/67382381/s65_anna.k_hler.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76611838 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76611838"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76611838, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76611838", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76611838]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76611838").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76611838").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76611838"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4758" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics">Electronics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4758" type="text/json">{"id":4758,"name":"Electronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6811" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Theory">Quantum Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6811" type="text/json">{"id":6811,"name":"Quantum Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Theory?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Semiconductors">Organic Semiconductors</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7582" type="text/json">{"id":7582,"name":"Organic Semiconductors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Semiconductors?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76611838]'), work: {"id":76611838,"title":"Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors","created_at":"2022-04-16T06:30:23.077-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76611838/Charge_Transport_in_Organic_Semiconductors?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_76611838","summary":"Modern optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, fieldeffect transistors and organic solar cells require well controlled motion of charges for their efficient operation. The understanding of the processes that determine charge transport is therefore of paramount importance for designing materials with improved structure-property relationships. Before discussing different regimes of charge transport in organic semiconductors, we present a brief introduction into the conceptual framework in which we interpret the relevant photophysical processes. That is, we compare a molecular picture of electronic excitations against the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger semiconductor band model. After a brief description of experimental techniques needed to measure charge mobilities, we then elaborate on the parameters controlling charge transport in technologically relevant materials. Thus, we consider the influences of electronic coupling between molecular units, disorder, polaronic effects and space charge. A particular focus is given to the recent progress made in understanding charge transport on short time scales and short length scales. The mechanism for charge injection is briefly addressed towards the end of this chapter. Keywords Charge carrier mobility Á Charge transport Á Organic semiconductors Á Molecular model Á Gaussian disorder model Á SSH model Á Organic optoelectronics Contents","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84279699,"asset_id":76611838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":220973527,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Köhler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnaKöhler7","display_name":"Anna Köhler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaK%C3%B6hler7?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/220973527/78825278/67382381/s65_anna.k_hler.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":4758,"name":"Electronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":6811,"name":"Quantum Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Theory?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":7582,"name":"Organic Semiconductors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Semiconductors?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":7765,"name":"Semiconductors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiconductors?f_ri=14054"},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054"},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=14054"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=14054"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=14054"},{"id":82551,"name":"Semiconductor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiconductor?f_ri=14054"},{"id":155640,"name":"Organic Semiconductor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Semiconductor?f_ri=14054"},{"id":186094,"name":"Electron Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Transport?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":266621,"name":"Electrons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrons?f_ri=14054"},{"id":444964,"name":"Charge Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charge_Transport?f_ri=14054"},{"id":548472,"name":"Optics and Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics_and_Photonics?f_ri=14054"},{"id":816984,"name":"American Chemical Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Chemical_Society?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1297608,"name":"Organic Chemicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemicals?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68041276" data-work_id="68041276" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68041276/Antioxidative_Flavonoids_from_Cleistocalyx_operculatus_Buds">Antioxidative Flavonoids from Cleistocalyx operculatus Buds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Four new flavonoids, 3-formyl-4,6,4-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methylchalcone (1), 3-formyl-6,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methylchalcone 4-O-b b-D-glucopyranoside (2), (2S)-8-formyl-6-methylnaringenin (3), and (2S)-8-formyl-6-methylnaringenin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68041276" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Four new flavonoids, 3-formyl-4,6,4-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methylchalcone (1), 3-formyl-6,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methylchalcone 4-O-b b-D-glucopyranoside (2), (2S)-8-formyl-6-methylnaringenin (3), and (2S)-8-formyl-6-methylnaringenin 7-O-b b-D-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Myrtaceae). The structures of the new metabolites (1-4) were determined on the basic of spectroscopic analyses including 2 dimensional NMR. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with IC 50 values of 22.8 and 27.1 m mM, respectively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68041276" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5cef64c27580b5525d25f09a50618b35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78662758,"asset_id":68041276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78662758/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="98951134" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TranManhHung8">Tran Manh Hung</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="98951134" type="text/json">{"id":98951134,"first_name":"Tran","last_name":"Manh Hung","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TranManhHung8","display_name":"Tran Manh Hung","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TranManhHung8?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98951134/33532575/29841433/s65_tran.manh_hung.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68041276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68041276"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68041276, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68041276", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68041276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68041276").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68041276").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68041276"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy">Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21732" type="text/json">{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22052" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flavonoids">Flavonoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22052" type="text/json">{"id":22052,"name":"Flavonoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flavonoids?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68041276]'), work: {"id":68041276,"title":"Antioxidative Flavonoids from Cleistocalyx operculatus Buds","created_at":"2022-01-13T22:37:59.154-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68041276/Antioxidative_Flavonoids_from_Cleistocalyx_operculatus_Buds?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_68041276","summary":"Four new flavonoids, 3-formyl-4,6,4-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methylchalcone (1), 3-formyl-6,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methylchalcone 4-O-b b-D-glucopyranoside (2), (2S)-8-formyl-6-methylnaringenin (3), and (2S)-8-formyl-6-methylnaringenin 7-O-b b-D-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Myrtaceae). The structures of the new metabolites (1-4) were determined on the basic of spectroscopic analyses including 2 dimensional NMR. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity with IC 50 values of 22.8 and 27.1 m mM, respectively.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78662758,"asset_id":68041276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":98951134,"first_name":"Tran","last_name":"Manh Hung","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TranManhHung8","display_name":"Tran Manh Hung","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TranManhHung8?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/98951134/33532575/29841433/s65_tran.manh_hung.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":21732,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":22052,"name":"Flavonoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flavonoids?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=14054"},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=14054"},{"id":76407,"name":"Circular Dichroism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circular_Dichroism?f_ri=14054"},{"id":130822,"name":"Flowers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flowers?f_ri=14054"},{"id":141911,"name":"Myrtaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myrtaceae?f_ri=14054"},{"id":326380,"name":"Liquid Chromatography / Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Chromatography_Electrospray_Ionization_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=14054"},{"id":354056,"name":"Plant extracts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_extracts?f_ri=14054"},{"id":557718,"name":"Multienzyme complexes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multienzyme_complexes?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1030794,"name":"Hydrolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrolysis?f_ri=14054"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56069897" data-work_id="56069897" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56069897/Molecular_sieving_platinum_nanoparticle_catalysts_kinetically_frozen_in_nanoporous_carbon">Molecular sieving platinum nanoparticle catalysts kinetically frozen in nanoporous carbon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Highly active shape selective catalysts with excellent thermal stability are synthesized by entrapping well dispersed platinum nanoparticles in a polyfurfuryl alcohol derived nanoporous carbon matrix; these nanocomposites are excellent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56069897" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Highly active shape selective catalysts with excellent thermal stability are synthesized by entrapping well dispersed platinum nanoparticles in a polyfurfuryl alcohol derived nanoporous carbon matrix; these nanocomposites are excellent candidates for new catalytic applications including fuel cells, pharmaceutical synthesis and biomass conversion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56069897" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="86fbe84063f58659491c3632991ee21f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71637003,"asset_id":56069897,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71637003/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="171054149" href="https://nyit.academia.edu/HenryFoley">Henry C . Foley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="171054149" type="text/json">{"id":171054149,"first_name":"Henry","last_name":"Foley","domain_name":"nyit","page_name":"HenryFoley","display_name":"Henry C . 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Foley","profile_url":"https://nyit.academia.edu/HenryFoley?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4749,"name":"Catalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysis?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":68315,"name":"Porosity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Porosity?f_ri=14054"},{"id":112318,"name":"Molecular Sieve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sieve?f_ri=14054"},{"id":125734,"name":"Platinum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Platinum?f_ri=14054"},{"id":128132,"name":"Nanostructures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanostructures?f_ri=14054"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":390245,"name":"Particle Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_Size?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1294622,"name":"Alcohols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohols?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1294768,"name":"Chemical Engineering Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering_Communications?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1751765" data-work_id="1751765" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1751765/Journal_of_Chemical_and_Pharmaceutical_Research_2012_4_1_197_202">Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4 (1): 197-202</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study was aimed to evaluate the biochemical polymorphism of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr -A medicinally important plant using the isoperoxidase and protein pattern. For the electrophoresis studies, young leaves were harvested from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1751765" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study was aimed to evaluate the biochemical polymorphism of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr -A medicinally important plant using the isoperoxidase and protein pattern. For the electrophoresis studies, young leaves were harvested from different localities viz., Thrissur, Dharmapuri, Tenkasi, Salem, Attur and Kolli Hills. The isolation and separation of protein and isoenzyme was performed by the standard methods. The protein gel system revealed a total of forty six bands with eight active zones / regions (PB1 to 8) and twenty one positions were observed in the protein system of A. marmelos. Multiple zones of activity were obtained for isoperoxidase system PRX1 to 5. A total of twenty nine bands in twelve different positions of expression were observed in the iso-peroxidase system of A. marmelos. Pairing affinity or similarity indices analysis revealed the similarity and evolutionary relationship among the selected accession of A. marmeols. Highest percentage (60%) of similarity was observed between the accession from Tenkasi and Salem. The cladogram of A. marmelos revealed the genetical similarity and variation, evolutionary relationship among between the selected six the selected accession. The cladogram shown that two major clusters, of which cluster 2 include only one accession viz., Thrissur. This profile system can be used as biochemical marker for selection superior genotype of the medicinally important plant Aegle marmelos.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1751765" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="520d77f6b6f421a5beab934e10640ec0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30866815,"asset_id":1751765,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30866815/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2023398" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChandraMohanShanmugavadivelu">Shanmugavadivelu Chandra Mohan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2023398" type="text/json">{"id":2023398,"first_name":"Shanmugavadivelu","last_name":"Chandra Mohan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChandraMohanShanmugavadivelu","display_name":"Shanmugavadivelu Chandra Mohan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChandraMohanShanmugavadivelu?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2023398/18866629/18823109/s65_shanmugavadivelu.chandra_mohan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1751765 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1751765"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1751765, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1751765", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1751765 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1751765; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1751765"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1751765 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1751765"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1751765; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1751765]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1751765").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1751765").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1751765"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1751765]'), work: {"id":1751765,"title":"Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2012, 4 (1): 197-202","created_at":"2012-06-28T18:32:51.886-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1751765/Journal_of_Chemical_and_Pharmaceutical_Research_2012_4_1_197_202?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_1751765","summary":"The present study was aimed to evaluate the biochemical polymorphism of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr -A medicinally important plant using the isoperoxidase and protein pattern. For the electrophoresis studies, young leaves were harvested from different localities viz., Thrissur, Dharmapuri, Tenkasi, Salem, Attur and Kolli Hills. The isolation and separation of protein and isoenzyme was performed by the standard methods. The protein gel system revealed a total of forty six bands with eight active zones / regions (PB1 to 8) and twenty one positions were observed in the protein system of A. marmelos. Multiple zones of activity were obtained for isoperoxidase system PRX1 to 5. A total of twenty nine bands in twelve different positions of expression were observed in the iso-peroxidase system of A. marmelos. Pairing affinity or similarity indices analysis revealed the similarity and evolutionary relationship among the selected accession of A. marmeols. Highest percentage (60%) of similarity was observed between the accession from Tenkasi and Salem. The cladogram of A. marmelos revealed the genetical similarity and variation, evolutionary relationship among between the selected six the selected accession. The cladogram shown that two major clusters, of which cluster 2 include only one accession viz., Thrissur. This profile system can be used as biochemical marker for selection superior genotype of the medicinally important plant Aegle marmelos.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30866815,"asset_id":1751765,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2023398,"first_name":"Shanmugavadivelu","last_name":"Chandra Mohan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChandraMohanShanmugavadivelu","display_name":"Shanmugavadivelu Chandra Mohan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChandraMohanShanmugavadivelu?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2023398/18866629/18823109/s65_shanmugavadivelu.chandra_mohan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29994040" data-work_id="29994040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29994040/Semi_synthesis_of_triterpene_A_ring_derivatives_from_oleanolic_and_maslinic_acids_Part_II_Theoretical_and_experimental_SUP_13_SUP_C_chemical_shifts">Semi-synthesis of triterpene A-ring derivatives from oleanolic and maslinic acids. Part II. Theoretical and experimental <SUP>13</SUP>C chemical shifts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29994040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da7b37c43ab39ebe673f7169098e7876" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50452221,"asset_id":29994040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50452221/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36953882" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sParra3">Andrés Parra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36953882" type="text/json">{"id":36953882,"first_name":"Andrés","last_name":"Parra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrésParra3","display_name":"Andrés Parra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sParra3?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29994040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29994040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29994040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29994040", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29994040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29994040").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29994040").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29994040"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES">CHEMICAL SCIENCES</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="260118" type="text/json">{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="613718" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Shift">Chemical Shift</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="613718" type="text/json">{"id":613718,"name":"Chemical Shift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Shift?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29994040]'), work: {"id":29994040,"title":"Semi-synthesis of triterpene A-ring derivatives from oleanolic and maslinic acids. Part II. Theoretical and experimental \u003cSUP\u003e13\u003c/SUP\u003eC chemical shifts","created_at":"2016-11-21T02:11:47.575-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29994040/Semi_synthesis_of_triterpene_A_ring_derivatives_from_oleanolic_and_maslinic_acids_Part_II_Theoretical_and_experimental_SUP_13_SUP_C_chemical_shifts?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_29994040","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50452221,"asset_id":29994040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36953882,"first_name":"Andrés","last_name":"Parra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrésParra3","display_name":"Andrés Parra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sParra3?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":613718,"name":"Chemical Shift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Shift?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8526040" data-work_id="8526040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8526040/Densities_and_Isothermal_Compressibilities_at_Pressures_up_to_20_MPa_of_the_Systems_1Methyl2_pyrrolidone_1Chloroalkane_or_%CE%B1_%CF%89_Dichloroalkane">Densities and Isothermal Compressibilities at Pressures up to 20 MPa of the Systems 1Methyl2-pyrrolidone + 1Chloroalkane or + α,ω-Dichloroalkane</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Densities of pure N, N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, and 1,6-dichlorohexane were measured at (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K at pressures up to 20 MPa, and from them, isothermal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8526040" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Densities of pure N, N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, and 1,6-dichlorohexane were measured at (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K at pressures up to 20 MPa, and from them, isothermal compressibilities were obtained. Densities</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8526040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83cc2ae041c307a90acba22e3b22135b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48067061,"asset_id":8526040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48067061/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17499535" href="https://ehu.academia.edu/PilarGilBlanco">Pilar Gil Blanco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17499535" type="text/json">{"id":17499535,"first_name":"Pilar","last_name":"Gil Blanco","domain_name":"ehu","page_name":"PilarGilBlanco","display_name":"Pilar Gil Blanco","profile_url":"https://ehu.academia.edu/PilarGilBlanco?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8526040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8526040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8526040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8526040", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8526040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8526040").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8526040").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8526040"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17726" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Density">Density</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17726" type="text/json">{"id":17726,"name":"Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Density?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="845238" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DMF">DMF</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="845238" type="text/json">{"id":845238,"name":"DMF","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DMF?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8526040]'), work: {"id":8526040,"title":"Densities and Isothermal Compressibilities at Pressures up to 20 MPa of the Systems 1Methyl2-pyrrolidone + 1Chloroalkane or + α,ω-Dichloroalkane","created_at":"2014-09-27T21:41:30.095-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8526040/Densities_and_Isothermal_Compressibilities_at_Pressures_up_to_20_MPa_of_the_Systems_1Methyl2_pyrrolidone_1Chloroalkane_or_%CE%B1_%CF%89_Dichloroalkane?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_8526040","summary":"Densities of pure N, N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, and 1,6-dichlorohexane were measured at (288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K at pressures up to 20 MPa, and from them, isothermal compressibilities were obtained. Densities","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48067061,"asset_id":8526040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17499535,"first_name":"Pilar","last_name":"Gil Blanco","domain_name":"ehu","page_name":"PilarGilBlanco","display_name":"Pilar Gil Blanco","profile_url":"https://ehu.academia.edu/PilarGilBlanco?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":17726,"name":"Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Density?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":845238,"name":"DMF","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DMF?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":1228946,"name":"Physical Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Properties?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12581825" data-work_id="12581825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12581825/Effect_of_pH_and_activated_charcoal_adsorption_on_hemicellulosic_hydrolysate_detoxification_for_xylitol_production">Effect of pH and activated charcoal adsorption on hemicellulosic hydrolysate detoxification for xylitol production</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Biotechnological conversion of xylose into xylitol using hydrolysates obtained from the hemicellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic materials is compromised by the presence of compounds released or formed during the hydrolysis process,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12581825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Biotechnological conversion of xylose into xylitol using hydrolysates obtained from the hemicellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic materials is compromised by the presence of compounds released or formed during the hydrolysis process, some of them being toxic to microorganisms. In order to improve the bioconversion of these hydrolysates it is necessary to find methods to reduce their toxicity. In the present work, rice straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate was treated by six different procedures (all of them involving pH adjustment, with or without activated charcoal adsorption), before being used as a fermentation medium for xylitol production. The most effective method of treatment was to increase the initial pH (0.4) to 2.0 using solid NaOH, followed by the addition of activated charcoal (25 g kg −1 ) and increase in the pH to 6.5 using solid NaOH. Lignin degradation products were the most inhibitory compounds present in the hydrolysate; their removal was selective and strongly dependent on the pH employed in the treatment. The highest yield of xylitol was 0.72 g g −1 xylose, with a productivity of 0.55 g dm −3 h −1 .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12581825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="74c45ee34d91726c7c307ff47c5a2b03" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46073164,"asset_id":12581825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46073164/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31513433" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulioSantos22">Julio Santos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31513433" type="text/json">{"id":31513433,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Santos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulioSantos22","display_name":"Julio Santos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulioSantos22?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12581825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12581825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12581825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12581825", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12581825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12581825").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12581825").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12581825"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155096" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Detoxification">Detoxification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155096" type="text/json">{"id":155096,"name":"Detoxification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Detoxification?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="383851" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Charcoal">Activated Charcoal</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="383851" type="text/json">{"id":383851,"name":"Activated Charcoal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Charcoal?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12581825]'), work: {"id":12581825,"title":"Effect of pH and activated charcoal adsorption on hemicellulosic hydrolysate detoxification for xylitol production","created_at":"2015-05-25T08:51:00.619-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12581825/Effect_of_pH_and_activated_charcoal_adsorption_on_hemicellulosic_hydrolysate_detoxification_for_xylitol_production?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_12581825","summary":"Biotechnological conversion of xylose into xylitol using hydrolysates obtained from the hemicellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic materials is compromised by the presence of compounds released or formed during the hydrolysis process, some of them being toxic to microorganisms. In order to improve the bioconversion of these hydrolysates it is necessary to find methods to reduce their toxicity. In the present work, rice straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate was treated by six different procedures (all of them involving pH adjustment, with or without activated charcoal adsorption), before being used as a fermentation medium for xylitol production. The most effective method of treatment was to increase the initial pH (0.4) to 2.0 using solid NaOH, followed by the addition of activated charcoal (25 g kg −1 ) and increase in the pH to 6.5 using solid NaOH. Lignin degradation products were the most inhibitory compounds present in the hydrolysate; their removal was selective and strongly dependent on the pH employed in the treatment. The highest yield of xylitol was 0.72 g g −1 xylose, with a productivity of 0.55 g dm −3 h −1 .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46073164,"asset_id":12581825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31513433,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Santos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulioSantos22","display_name":"Julio Santos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulioSantos22?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":155096,"name":"Detoxification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Detoxification?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":383851,"name":"Activated Charcoal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Charcoal?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13659922 coauthored" data-work_id="13659922" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13659922/Harmonic_and_Anharmonic_Vibrational_Frequency_Calculations_with_the_Double_Hybrid_B2PLYP_Method_Analytic_Second_Derivatives_and_Benchmark_Studies">Harmonic and Anharmonic Vibrational Frequency Calculations with the Double-Hybrid B2PLYP Method: Analytic Second Derivatives and Benchmark Studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work aims to provide reliable benchmark data on the accuracy of harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies computed with the B2PLYP double-hybrid density functional method. The exchange-correlation contributions required for the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13659922" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work aims to provide reliable benchmark data on the accuracy of harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies computed with the B2PLYP double-hybrid density functional method. The exchange-correlation contributions required for the B2PLYP analytical second derivatives are presented here, which allow for the effective calculation of harmonic frequency as well as cubic and semidiagonal quartic force fields. The latter, in turn, are necessary to compute the anharmonic vibrational frequencies with the perturbative approach (VPT2). The quality of harmonic vibrational frequencies computed in conjunction with basis sets of double-to quadruple-quality has been checked against reference data from the F38 benchmark set. Then, for an additional set of small closed-and open-shell systems, both harmonic frequencies and anharmonic contributions computed at the B2PLYP/N07D and the B2PLYP/aug-cc-pVTZ levels have been compared to their CCSD(T) counterparts. Moreover, for selected medium-size molecules (furan, pyrrole, thiophene, uracil, anisole, phenol, and pyridine), anharmonic frequencies have been compared to well established experimental results. Such benchmark studies have shown that the B2PLYP/N07D model provides good quality harmonic frequencies and describes correctly anharmonic contributions, the latter being of similar accuracy to their B3LYP/N07D counterparts, but obtained at significantly larger computational cost. Additionally, increased accuracy can be obtained by adopting hybrid models where the B2PLYP/N07D anharmonic contributions are combined with harmonic frequencies computed with more accurate quantum mechanical (QM) approaches or by B2PLYP with larger basis sets. This work confirmed also that most of the recently developed density functionals are significantly less suited for vibrational computations, while the B2PLYP method can be recommended for spectroscopic studies where a good accuracy of vibrational properties is required.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13659922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="43c81fb148258a83a234febc302476c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45092980,"asset_id":13659922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45092980/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32812130" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MalgorzataBiczysko">Malgorzata Biczysko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32812130" type="text/json">{"id":32812130,"first_name":"Malgorzata","last_name":"Biczysko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MalgorzataBiczysko","display_name":"Malgorzata Biczysko","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MalgorzataBiczysko?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13659922">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13659922"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulienBloino">Julien Bloino</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13659922'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13659922').html(); 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The exchange-correlation contributions required for the B2PLYP analytical second derivatives are presented here, which allow for the effective calculation of harmonic frequency as well as cubic and semidiagonal quartic force fields. The latter, in turn, are necessary to compute the anharmonic vibrational frequencies with the perturbative approach (VPT2). The quality of harmonic vibrational frequencies computed in conjunction with basis sets of double-to quadruple-quality has been checked against reference data from the F38 benchmark set. Then, for an additional set of small closed-and open-shell systems, both harmonic frequencies and anharmonic contributions computed at the B2PLYP/N07D and the B2PLYP/aug-cc-pVTZ levels have been compared to their CCSD(T) counterparts. Moreover, for selected medium-size molecules (furan, pyrrole, thiophene, uracil, anisole, phenol, and pyridine), anharmonic frequencies have been compared to well established experimental results. Such benchmark studies have shown that the B2PLYP/N07D model provides good quality harmonic frequencies and describes correctly anharmonic contributions, the latter being of similar accuracy to their B3LYP/N07D counterparts, but obtained at significantly larger computational cost. Additionally, increased accuracy can be obtained by adopting hybrid models where the B2PLYP/N07D anharmonic contributions are combined with harmonic frequencies computed with more accurate quantum mechanical (QM) approaches or by B2PLYP with larger basis sets. This work confirmed also that most of the recently developed density functionals are significantly less suited for vibrational computations, while the B2PLYP method can be recommended for spectroscopic studies where a good accuracy of vibrational properties is required.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45092980,"asset_id":13659922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32812130,"first_name":"Malgorzata","last_name":"Biczysko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MalgorzataBiczysko","display_name":"Malgorzata Biczysko","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MalgorzataBiczysko?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":39790326,"first_name":"Julien","last_name":"Bloino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulienBloino","display_name":"Julien Bloino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulienBloino?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":645605,"name":"THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THEORETICAL_AND_COMPUTATIONAL_CHEMISTRY?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13726175 coauthored" data-work_id="13726175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13726175/Thermodynamic_Parameters_of_Anionic_Surfactant_Additive_Systems_at_the_Cloud_Point">Thermodynamic Parameters of Anionic Surfactant− Additive Systems at the Cloud Point</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The thermodynamic parameters of an aqueous anionic surfactant, tetrabutylammonium dodecyl sulfate (TBADS), are calculated in the presence of various additives (viz., quaternary bromides, alcohols, and amines) at the cloud point (CP) of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13726175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The thermodynamic parameters of an aqueous anionic surfactant, tetrabutylammonium dodecyl sulfate (TBADS), are calculated in the presence of various additives (viz., quaternary bromides, alcohols, and amines) at the cloud point (CP) of the TBADS-additive system. As the clouding components release their solvated water, they separate out from the solution. Therefore, the CP of an amphiphile can be considered the limit of its solubility. The standard Gibbs energy change of solubilization (∆ s G°) for all of the additives is found to be negative. The standard enthalpy change (∆ s H°) and the standard entropy change (T∆ s S°) values are found to be negative as well as positive depending upon the type and nature of the additive. The results are explained on the basis of their nature, effect on the water structure, and solubilization of these additives either in the micellar or aqueous phase.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13726175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc819a1983cdcca2a17454999586b672" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45015851,"asset_id":13726175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45015851/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32851555" href="https://usm.academia.edu/OthmanSulaiman">Othman Sulaiman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32851555" type="text/json">{"id":32851555,"first_name":"Othman","last_name":"Sulaiman","domain_name":"usm","page_name":"OthmanSulaiman","display_name":"Othman Sulaiman","profile_url":"https://usm.academia.edu/OthmanSulaiman?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32851555/9781606/10898145/s65_othman.sulaiman.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13726175">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13726175"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TanweerAhmad3">Tanweer Ahmad</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArnizaGhazali">Arniza Ghazali</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13726175'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13726175').html(); 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As the clouding components release their solvated water, they separate out from the solution. Therefore, the CP of an amphiphile can be considered the limit of its solubility. The standard Gibbs energy change of solubilization (∆ s G°) for all of the additives is found to be negative. The standard enthalpy change (∆ s H°) and the standard entropy change (T∆ s S°) values are found to be negative as well as positive depending upon the type and nature of the additive. The results are explained on the basis of their nature, effect on the water structure, and solubilization of these additives either in the micellar or aqueous phase.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45015851,"asset_id":13726175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32851555,"first_name":"Othman","last_name":"Sulaiman","domain_name":"usm","page_name":"OthmanSulaiman","display_name":"Othman Sulaiman","profile_url":"https://usm.academia.edu/OthmanSulaiman?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32851555/9781606/10898145/s65_othman.sulaiman.jpg"},{"id":32863562,"first_name":"Tanweer","last_name":"Ahmad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TanweerAhmad3","display_name":"Tanweer Ahmad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TanweerAhmad3?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32906860,"first_name":"Arniza","last_name":"Ghazali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArnizaGhazali","display_name":"Arniza Ghazali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArnizaGhazali?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14032254 coauthored" data-work_id="14032254" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14032254/Environmental_Applications_of_Semiconductor_Photocatalysis">Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14032254" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="256f76e60b08eb0879bd252cd529eb31" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44684219,"asset_id":14032254,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44684219/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33059794" href="https://uni-hannover.academia.edu/DetlefBahnemann">Detlef Bahnemann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33059794" type="text/json">{"id":33059794,"first_name":"Detlef","last_name":"Bahnemann","domain_name":"uni-hannover","page_name":"DetlefBahnemann","display_name":"Detlef Bahnemann","profile_url":"https://uni-hannover.academia.edu/DetlefBahnemann?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14032254">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14032254"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChoiWonyong">Wonyong. 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u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15625546" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An expression system based on Escherichia coli and the T5 promoter allowed the overproduction of a his-tagged rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhuA; EC 4.1.2.19), an enzyme with applications in the production of deoxyazasugars and deoxysugars compounds. Shake flask and bioreactor cultivation with E coli M15 (pQErham) were performed under different media and inducing conditions for RhuA expression. A Defined Medium (DM) with glucose as carbon source gave a high volumetric and enzyme productivity (3460 AU dm −3 and 288 AU dm −3 h −1 respectively) compared with Luria-Bertoni (LB) medium (2292 AU dm − 3 and 255 AU dm −3 h −1 )</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15625546" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5c5fd34f7a3248578608656395691543" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43021138,"asset_id":15625546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43021138/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34800784" href="https://uab.academia.edu/PauFerrer">Pau Ferrer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34800784" type="text/json">{"id":34800784,"first_name":"Pau","last_name":"Ferrer","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"PauFerrer","display_name":"Pau Ferrer","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/PauFerrer?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34800784/20302637/20003278/s65_pau.ferrer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15625546 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15625546"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15625546, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15625546", }); 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EC 4.1.2.19), an enzyme with applications in the production of deoxyazasugars and deoxysugars compounds. Shake flask and bioreactor cultivation with E coli M15 (pQErham) were performed under different media and inducing conditions for RhuA expression. A Defined Medium (DM) with glucose as carbon source gave a high volumetric and enzyme productivity (3460 AU dm −3 and 288 AU dm −3 h −1 respectively) compared with Luria-Bertoni (LB) medium (2292 AU dm − 3 and 255 AU dm −3 h −1 )","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43021138,"asset_id":15625546,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34800784,"first_name":"Pau","last_name":"Ferrer","domain_name":"uab","page_name":"PauFerrer","display_name":"Pau Ferrer","profile_url":"https://uab.academia.edu/PauFerrer?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34800784/20302637/20003278/s65_pau.ferrer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 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class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An expression system based on Escherichia coli and the T5 promoter allowed the overproduction of a his-tagged rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhuA; EC 4.1.2.19), an enzyme with applications in the production of deoxyazasugars and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6233922" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An expression system based on Escherichia coli and the T5 promoter allowed the overproduction of a his-tagged rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhuA; EC 4.1.2.19), an enzyme with applications in the production of deoxyazasugars and deoxysugars compounds. Shake flask and bioreactor cultivation with E coli M15 (pQErham) were performed under different media and inducing conditions for RhuA expression. A Defined Medium (DM) with glucose as carbon source gave a high volumetric and enzyme productivity (3460 AU dm−3 and 288 AU dm−3 h−1 respectively) compared with Luria–Bertoni (LB) medium (2292 AU dm− 3 and 255 AU dm−3 h−1). The minimum quantity of (isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside) IPTG for optimal induction was estimated in 18–20 µmol IPTG gDCW−1. The highest volumetric production of RhuA (8333 AU dm−3) was obtained when IPTG was added in the late log-phase. No significant differences were found in specific RhuA activity for induction temperatures of 30 and 37 °C. An effective two-step purification process comprising affinity chromatography and gel permeation has been developed (overall recovery 66.5%). These studies provide the basis for the further development of an integrated process for recombinant RhuA production suitable for biotransformation applications. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6233922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="15e1d81f7c62e3b5bff5c90d8cbd6026" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48953246,"asset_id":6233922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48953246/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9577961" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OlgaDurany">Olga Durany</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9577961" type="text/json">{"id":9577961,"first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Durany","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlgaDurany","display_name":"Olga Durany","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlgaDurany?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6233922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6233922"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6233922, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6233922", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6233922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6233922; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6233922"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6233922 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6233922"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6233922; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6233922]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6233922").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6233922").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6233922"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6233922]'), work: {"id":6233922,"title":"High-level production of recombinant His-tagged rhamnulose 1-phosphate aldolase inEscherichia coli","created_at":"2014-02-27T21:39:22.891-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6233922/High_level_production_of_recombinant_His_tagged_rhamnulose_1_phosphate_aldolase_inEscherichia_coli?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_6233922","summary":"An expression system based on Escherichia coli and the T5 promoter allowed the overproduction of a his-tagged rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhuA; EC 4.1.2.19), an enzyme with applications in the production of deoxyazasugars and deoxysugars compounds. Shake flask and bioreactor cultivation with E coli M15 (pQErham) were performed under different media and inducing conditions for RhuA expression. A Defined Medium (DM) with glucose as carbon source gave a high volumetric and enzyme productivity (3460 AU dm−3 and 288 AU dm−3 h−1 respectively) compared with Luria–Bertoni (LB) medium (2292 AU dm− 3 and 255 AU dm−3 h−1). The minimum quantity of (isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside) IPTG for optimal induction was estimated in 18–20 µmol IPTG gDCW−1. The highest volumetric production of RhuA (8333 AU dm−3) was obtained when IPTG was added in the late log-phase. No significant differences were found in specific RhuA activity for induction temperatures of 30 and 37 °C. An effective two-step purification process comprising affinity chromatography and gel permeation has been developed (overall recovery 66.5%). These studies provide the basis for the further development of an integrated process for recombinant RhuA production suitable for biotransformation applications. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48953246,"asset_id":6233922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9577961,"first_name":"Olga","last_name":"Durany","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OlgaDurany","display_name":"Olga Durany","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OlgaDurany?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72223727" data-work_id="72223727" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72223727/Bioprocessing_of_avian_eggshells_and_eggshell_membranes_using_lactic_acid_bacteria">Bioprocessing of avian eggshells and eggshell membranes using lactic acid bacteria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Lactic acid fermentation combined with chemical treatments is a new alternative to chemical extraction of by-products from organic wastes such as prawn and krill shells. This study investigated the potential of whole eggshells (WES) and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72223727" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Lactic acid fermentation combined with chemical treatments is a new alternative to chemical extraction of by-products from organic wastes such as prawn and krill shells. This study investigated the potential of whole eggshells (WES) and eggshell membranes (ESM) fermentation to provide a multiproduct process, thereby eliminating waste and generating revenue. Dry WES and dry ESM were treated separately in a 2-L reactor using a glucose solution, with and without citric acid solution (CA) and commercial lactic acid bacteria as inoculants, to determine the protein and carbohydrate contents from the final products. Through this process, protein and calcium removal is achieved by enzymatic action on the tissues and by dissolving of calcium by organic acids, respectively. The best fermentation condition was obtained by including CA in the process. Mass balances from the WES and ESM treatments were carried out to identify the phases with major amount of protein, carbohydrate and calcium. In the WES treatments with/without CA, the liquid phase turned out to contain the major amount of protein (85.4 and 73.2%) from the final product. On the other hand, the solid phase turned out to contain mainly ash (80.47 and 80.49%), with high calcium content, from the final product. The high-solubility dialysed liquid phase (LP1) from the ESM treatment turned out to contain the major amount both of soluble protein (88.3%) and of exopolysaccharides expressed as carbohydrates (4.3%) and the low-solubility dialysed liquid phase (LP2) turned out to contain the major amount of insoluble protein (60.2%) from the final product. In addition, the first-precipitation solid phase (SP1) from the ESM treatment turned out to contain the major amount of ash (60.5%) from the final product. The foamy phase and the liquid phase from the WES treatment using CA were analysed by SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional electrophoresis and electrospray ionisation ion-trap mass spectrometry. Four proteins related to the hen eggshells were identified from these phases: chicken heat shock protein (Gallus gallus), glucose-regulated protein precursor, calcyclin and 60s acidic ribosomal protein p2 were identified in the liquid phase and a protein homologous with calmodulin, a ubiquitous intracellular Ca 2+ receptor, was identified in the foamy phase.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72223727" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c78f4ae4b7651521e8ca606c7ee4abe2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81237061,"asset_id":72223727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81237061/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="69539729" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RubilarOsvaldo">Osvaldo Rubilar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="69539729" type="text/json">{"id":69539729,"first_name":"Osvaldo","last_name":"Rubilar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RubilarOsvaldo","display_name":"Osvaldo Rubilar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RubilarOsvaldo?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72223727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72223727"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72223727, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72223727", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72223727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72223727; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72223727"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72223727 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72223727"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72223727; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72223727]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72223727").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72223727").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72223727"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74144" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria">Lactic Acid Bacteria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74144" type="text/json">{"id":74144,"name":"Lactic Acid Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="92684" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chicken">Chicken</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="92684" type="text/json">{"id":92684,"name":"Chicken","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chicken?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72223727]'), work: {"id":72223727,"title":"Bioprocessing of avian eggshells and eggshell membranes using lactic acid bacteria","created_at":"2022-02-22T06:08:32.853-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72223727/Bioprocessing_of_avian_eggshells_and_eggshell_membranes_using_lactic_acid_bacteria?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_72223727","summary":"Lactic acid fermentation combined with chemical treatments is a new alternative to chemical extraction of by-products from organic wastes such as prawn and krill shells. This study investigated the potential of whole eggshells (WES) and eggshell membranes (ESM) fermentation to provide a multiproduct process, thereby eliminating waste and generating revenue. Dry WES and dry ESM were treated separately in a 2-L reactor using a glucose solution, with and without citric acid solution (CA) and commercial lactic acid bacteria as inoculants, to determine the protein and carbohydrate contents from the final products. Through this process, protein and calcium removal is achieved by enzymatic action on the tissues and by dissolving of calcium by organic acids, respectively. The best fermentation condition was obtained by including CA in the process. Mass balances from the WES and ESM treatments were carried out to identify the phases with major amount of protein, carbohydrate and calcium. In the WES treatments with/without CA, the liquid phase turned out to contain the major amount of protein (85.4 and 73.2%) from the final product. On the other hand, the solid phase turned out to contain mainly ash (80.47 and 80.49%), with high calcium content, from the final product. The high-solubility dialysed liquid phase (LP1) from the ESM treatment turned out to contain the major amount both of soluble protein (88.3%) and of exopolysaccharides expressed as carbohydrates (4.3%) and the low-solubility dialysed liquid phase (LP2) turned out to contain the major amount of insoluble protein (60.2%) from the final product. In addition, the first-precipitation solid phase (SP1) from the ESM treatment turned out to contain the major amount of ash (60.5%) from the final product. The foamy phase and the liquid phase from the WES treatment using CA were analysed by SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional electrophoresis and electrospray ionisation ion-trap mass spectrometry. Four proteins related to the hen eggshells were identified from these phases: chicken heat shock protein (Gallus gallus), glucose-regulated protein precursor, calcyclin and 60s acidic ribosomal protein p2 were identified in the liquid phase and a protein homologous with calmodulin, a ubiquitous intracellular Ca 2+ receptor, was identified in the foamy phase.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81237061,"asset_id":72223727,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":69539729,"first_name":"Osvaldo","last_name":"Rubilar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RubilarOsvaldo","display_name":"Osvaldo Rubilar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RubilarOsvaldo?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":74144,"name":"Lactic Acid Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":92684,"name":"Chicken","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chicken?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":208193,"name":"Eggshell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eggshell?f_ri=14054"},{"id":426260,"name":"Calmodulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calmodulin?f_ri=14054"},{"id":744134,"name":"lactic acid fermentation RSM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lactic_acid_fermentation_RSM?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70529708" data-work_id="70529708" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70529708/The_Stereoselective_Synthesis_and_the_Nitrogen_Interconversion_Studies_of_2_tert_butoxymethyl_1_NT_4_methylbenzenesulfonyl_4_methylphenoxy_imidoyl_aziridine">The Stereoselective Synthesis and the Nitrogen Interconversion Studies of 2-(tert-butoxymethyl)-1-[NT-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl) (4-methylphenoxy) imidoyl] aziridine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">One-pot synthesis of the title compound (1) is achieved from tert-butyl allyl ether (2) and the N&#39;(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl) (4-methylphenoxy) imidoyl azide (3) in high yield. The energy barrier of nitrogen interconversion of the title... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70529708" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">One-pot synthesis of the title compound (1) is achieved from tert-butyl allyl ether (2) and the N&#39;(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl) (4-methylphenoxy) imidoyl azide (3) in high yield. The energy barrier of nitrogen interconversion of the title compound (1) was investigated by dynamic NMR. The free energies of activation (A G‡) are 11.11 kcal/mol ( Tc = 238 K) and 11.30 kcal/mol ( Tc = 242 K) in acetone-d6 and chloroform-d, respectively, and are attributed to nitrogen inversion of aziridine ring nitrogen.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70529708" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3042c176e8d38cadfc4265d474fc98ec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80245046,"asset_id":70529708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80245046/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7843948" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliRezaModarresi">Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7843948" type="text/json">{"id":7843948,"first_name":"Ali Reza","last_name":"Modarresi-Alam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliRezaModarresi","display_name":"Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliRezaModarresi?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70529708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70529708"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70529708, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70529708", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70529708]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70529708").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70529708").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70529708"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="151091" type="text/json">{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES">CHEMICAL SCIENCES</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="260118" type="text/json">{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70529708]'), work: {"id":70529708,"title":"The Stereoselective Synthesis and the Nitrogen Interconversion Studies of 2-(tert-butoxymethyl)-1-[NT-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl) (4-methylphenoxy) imidoyl] aziridine","created_at":"2022-02-05T04:12:02.751-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70529708/The_Stereoselective_Synthesis_and_the_Nitrogen_Interconversion_Studies_of_2_tert_butoxymethyl_1_NT_4_methylbenzenesulfonyl_4_methylphenoxy_imidoyl_aziridine?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_70529708","summary":"One-pot synthesis of the title compound (1) is achieved from tert-butyl allyl ether (2) and the N\u0026#39;(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl) (4-methylphenoxy) imidoyl azide (3) in high yield. The energy barrier of nitrogen interconversion of the title compound (1) was investigated by dynamic NMR. The free energies of activation (A G‡) are 11.11 kcal/mol ( Tc = 238 K) and 11.30 kcal/mol ( Tc = 242 K) in acetone-d6 and chloroform-d, respectively, and are attributed to nitrogen inversion of aziridine ring nitrogen.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80245046,"asset_id":70529708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7843948,"first_name":"Ali Reza","last_name":"Modarresi-Alam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliRezaModarresi","display_name":"Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliRezaModarresi?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69676454" data-work_id="69676454" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69676454/Covalent_Modifications_of_Hemoglobin_by_Nitrite_Anion_Formation_Kinetics_and_Properties_of_Nitrihemoglobin">Covalent Modifications of Hemoglobin by Nitrite Anion: Formation Kinetics and Properties of Nitrihemoglobin</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The green nitrihemoglobin (R 2 2 tetramer, NHb) was prepared by the aerobic reaction of excess nitrite with human hemoglobin A 0 under mildly acidic conditions. A rate equation was determined and found to depend on nitrite, hydrogen ion,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69676454" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The green nitrihemoglobin (R 2 2 tetramer, NHb) was prepared by the aerobic reaction of excess nitrite with human hemoglobin A 0 under mildly acidic conditions. A rate equation was determined and found to depend on nitrite, hydrogen ion, and oxygen concentrations:-d[HbNO 2 ]/dt) [k 1 + k 2 (K a [HNO 2 ])-[O 2 ] 1/2 ][HbNO 2 ], where k 1) (2.4 (0.9) × 10-4 s-1 , k 2) (1 (0.2) × 10 5 M-5/2 s-1 , and K a is the acid dissociation constant for nitrous acid (4.5 × 10-4 M). Also, the chemical properties of NHb are compared to those of the normal hemoglobin (including the addition products of common oxidation states with exogenous ligands, the alkaline transitions of the ferric forms, and the oxygen binding characteristics of the ferrous forms) and were found to be nearly indistinguishable. Therefore, the replacement of a single vinyl hydrogen with a nitro group on the periphery of each macrocycle in hemoglobin does not significantly perturb the interaction between the hemes and the heme pockets. Because nonphotochemical reaction chemistry must necessarily be most dependent on electronic ground states, it follows that the clearly visible difference in color between hemoglobin A 0 and NHb must be associated primarily with the respective electronic excited states. The possibility of NHb formation in vivo and its likely consequences are considered.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69676454" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c69f55d002cf5dba9048bdb628bab01b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79679970,"asset_id":69676454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79679970/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33280586" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewAmoscato">Andrew Amoscato</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33280586" type="text/json">{"id":33280586,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Amoscato","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrewAmoscato","display_name":"Andrew Amoscato","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewAmoscato?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69676454 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69676454"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69676454, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69676454", }); 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A rate equation was determined and found to depend on nitrite, hydrogen ion, and oxygen concentrations:-d[HbNO 2 ]/dt) [k 1 + k 2 (K a [HNO 2 ])-[O 2 ] 1/2 ][HbNO 2 ], where k 1) (2.4 (0.9) × 10-4 s-1 , k 2) (1 (0.2) × 10 5 M-5/2 s-1 , and K a is the acid dissociation constant for nitrous acid (4.5 × 10-4 M). Also, the chemical properties of NHb are compared to those of the normal hemoglobin (including the addition products of common oxidation states with exogenous ligands, the alkaline transitions of the ferric forms, and the oxygen binding characteristics of the ferrous forms) and were found to be nearly indistinguishable. Therefore, the replacement of a single vinyl hydrogen with a nitro group on the periphery of each macrocycle in hemoglobin does not significantly perturb the interaction between the hemes and the heme pockets. Because nonphotochemical reaction chemistry must necessarily be most dependent on electronic ground states, it follows that the clearly visible difference in color between hemoglobin A 0 and NHb must be associated primarily with the respective electronic excited states. The possibility of NHb formation in vivo and its likely consequences are considered.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79679970,"asset_id":69676454,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33280586,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Amoscato","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrewAmoscato","display_name":"Andrew Amoscato","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewAmoscato?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":531,"name":"Organic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=14054"},{"id":204375,"name":"Heme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heme?f_ri=14054"},{"id":326380,"name":"Liquid Chromatography / Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Chromatography_Electrospray_Ionization_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=14054"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1118199,"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_and_Chemical_Toxicology?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1257960,"name":"Ferric Compounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ferric_Compounds?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1654024,"name":"Nitrites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrites?f_ri=14054"},{"id":2580347,"name":"Nitrous acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrous_acid?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67916073" data-work_id="67916073" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67916073/Dynamic_and_equilibrium_adsorption_experiments">Dynamic and equilibrium adsorption experiments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">RefDoc Bienvenue - Welcome. 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Refdoc est un service / is powered by. ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78584321,"asset_id":67916073,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4611570,"first_name":"Ines","last_name":"Portugal","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"InesPortugal","display_name":"Ines Portugal","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/InesPortugal?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4611570/75567872/64080213/s65_ines.portugal.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":853,"name":"Chemical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47663028" data-work_id="47663028" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47663028/Kinetics_and_Mechanism_of_the_Reduction_of_Chromium_VI_and_Chromium_V_byD_Glucitol_andD_Mannitol">Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reduction of Chromium(VI) and Chromium(V) byD-Glucitol andD-Mannitol</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The kinetics of the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by D-fructose in HClO 4 was studied at various concentrations of reactants and acidities. The redox reaction takes place through a complex multistep mechanism, which involves... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47663028" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The kinetics of the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by D-fructose in HClO 4 was studied at various concentrations of reactants and acidities. The redox reaction takes place through a complex multistep mechanism, which involves the formation of intermediate Cr IV and Cr V species. Cr IV reacts with D-fructose much faster than Cr V and Cr VI do, and cannot be directly detected. Superoxochromium(III), CrO 2 2þ , has been detected by UV spectroscopy, thus evidencing that Cr II is an intermediary in these reactions and provides indirect evidence for the intermediary of Cr IV reaction path. The complete rate law for the Cr VI oxidation reaction is expressed by Àd[Cr VI ]/dt = (a + b [D-Fru])[H + ] 2 [Cr VI ] T , where a = (1.66 ± 0.04) · 10 À4 M À2 s À1 and b = (1.79 ± 0.06) · 10 À2 M À3 s À1 . The EPR spectra show that five-coordinate oxo-Cr V bischelates are formed in rapid pre-equilibria before the redox step: Cr(V) to Cr(III).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47663028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0335950d66ac5f122160031a5fc6d92f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66639604,"asset_id":47663028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66639604/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65758770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaszloKorecz">Laszlo Korecz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65758770" type="text/json">{"id":65758770,"first_name":"Laszlo","last_name":"Korecz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LaszloKorecz","display_name":"Laszlo Korecz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaszloKorecz?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47663028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47663028"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47663028, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47663028", }); 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The redox reaction takes place through a complex multistep mechanism, which involves the formation of intermediate Cr IV and Cr V species. Cr IV reacts with D-fructose much faster than Cr V and Cr VI do, and cannot be directly detected. Superoxochromium(III), CrO 2 2þ , has been detected by UV spectroscopy, thus evidencing that Cr II is an intermediary in these reactions and provides indirect evidence for the intermediary of Cr IV reaction path. The complete rate law for the Cr VI oxidation reaction is expressed by Àd[Cr VI ]/dt = (a + b [D-Fru])[H + ] 2 [Cr VI ] T , where a = (1.66 ± 0.04) · 10 À4 M À2 s À1 and b = (1.79 ± 0.06) · 10 À2 M À3 s À1 . The EPR spectra show that five-coordinate oxo-Cr V bischelates are formed in rapid pre-equilibria before the redox step: Cr(V) to Cr(III).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66639604,"asset_id":47663028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65758770,"first_name":"Laszlo","last_name":"Korecz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LaszloKorecz","display_name":"Laszlo Korecz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaszloKorecz?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":530,"name":"Inorganic Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inorganic_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":11303,"name":"Carbohydrate Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbohydrate_Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":43189,"name":"Chemical Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Kinetics?f_ri=14054"},{"id":151778,"name":"Chromium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromium?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33610639" data-work_id="33610639" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33610639/Adsorption_of_Arsenic_by_Iron_Oxide_Nanoparticles_A_Versatile_Inquiry_Based_Laboratory_for_a_High_School_or_College_Science_Course">Adsorption of Arsenic by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Versatile, Inquiry-Based Laboratory for a High School or College Science Course</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There has been much interest in magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) due to its utility in adsorbing high concentrations of arsenic in contaminated water. The magnetic properties of the material allow for simple dispersion and removal from an aqueous... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33610639" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There has been much interest in magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) due to its utility in adsorbing high concentrations of arsenic in contaminated water. The magnetic properties of the material allow for simple dispersion and removal from an aqueous system. An inquiry-based laboratory has been developed that illustrates these unique properties of magnetite nanoparticles while developing cross-disciplinary and critical-thinking skills. The versatility of the pedagogic approach makes it suitable for both high school (grades 11 and 12) and college-level STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) courses. The lab experience exposes students to experimental design, environmental remediation, adsorption, and the surface area-to-volume ratio concept of nanotechnology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33610639" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e0cb7024a76d21c515256f3d2697a9f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53629024,"asset_id":33610639,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53629024/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54124132" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarySmall1">Mary Small</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54124132" type="text/json">{"id":54124132,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Small","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarySmall1","display_name":"Mary Small","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarySmall1?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54124132/17163062/17309528/s65_mary.small.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33610639 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33610639"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33610639, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33610639", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33610639]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33610639").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33610639").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33610639"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education">Chemical Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="853" type="text/json">{"id":853,"name":"Chemical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33610639]'), work: {"id":33610639,"title":"Adsorption of Arsenic by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Versatile, Inquiry-Based Laboratory for a High School or College Science Course","created_at":"2017-06-22T13:30:30.041-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33610639/Adsorption_of_Arsenic_by_Iron_Oxide_Nanoparticles_A_Versatile_Inquiry_Based_Laboratory_for_a_High_School_or_College_Science_Course?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_33610639","summary":"There has been much interest in magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) due to its utility in adsorbing high concentrations of arsenic in contaminated water. The magnetic properties of the material allow for simple dispersion and removal from an aqueous system. An inquiry-based laboratory has been developed that illustrates these unique properties of magnetite nanoparticles while developing cross-disciplinary and critical-thinking skills. The versatility of the pedagogic approach makes it suitable for both high school (grades 11 and 12) and college-level STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) courses. The lab experience exposes students to experimental design, environmental remediation, adsorption, and the surface area-to-volume ratio concept of nanotechnology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53629024,"asset_id":33610639,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54124132,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Small","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarySmall1","display_name":"Mary Small","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarySmall1?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54124132/17163062/17309528/s65_mary.small.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":853,"name":"Chemical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":89488,"name":"Teaching Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods?f_ri=14054"},{"id":108636,"name":"Inquiry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inquiry?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":327004,"name":"Magnets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnets?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32651724 coauthored" data-work_id="32651724" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32651724/Revision_from_olfactory_assessments_for_the_identification_of_acetate_and_ammonium_in_the_US_Pharmacopeia_general_chapter_191_to_color_based_procedures">Revision from olfactory assessments for the identification of acetate and ammonium in the US Pharmacopeia general chapter 〈191〉 to color-based procedures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The United States Pharmacopeial Convention has revised the qualitative identification tests for the presence of acetate and ammonium in the US Pharmacopeia-National Formulary. This article outlines the rationale behind and the studies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32651724" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The United States Pharmacopeial Convention has revised the qualitative identification tests for the presence of acetate and ammonium in the US Pharmacopeia-National Formulary. This article outlines the rationale behind and the studies that support revision from olfactory assessments to color-based procedures to confirm the presence of acetate and ammonium ions in select materials. Neither the prior nor current approaches requires instrumentation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32651724" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="473d521f4f0946cf0347b9f0528400eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52820376,"asset_id":32651724,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52820376/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63477894" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HeatherJoyce">Heather Joyce</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63477894" type="text/json">{"id":63477894,"first_name":"Heather","last_name":"Joyce","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeatherJoyce","display_name":"Heather Joyce","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeatherJoyce?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-32651724">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-32651724"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioHernandezCardoso">Antonio Hernandez-Cardoso</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PremalBhatt">Premal Bhatt</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SanfordBradby">Sanford Bradby</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-32651724'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-32651724').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32651724 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32651724"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32651724; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32651724]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32651724").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32651724").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32651724"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17733" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17733" type="text/json">{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="410370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1">Public health systems and services research</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="410370" type="text/json">{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="448418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Industry_Safety_and_Health">Chemical Industry Safety and Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="448418" type="text/json">{"id":448418,"name":"Chemical Industry Safety and Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Industry_Safety_and_Health?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32651724]'), work: {"id":32651724,"title":"Revision from olfactory assessments for the identification of acetate and ammonium in the US Pharmacopeia general chapter 〈191〉 to color-based procedures","created_at":"2017-04-25T12:36:35.119-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32651724/Revision_from_olfactory_assessments_for_the_identification_of_acetate_and_ammonium_in_the_US_Pharmacopeia_general_chapter_191_to_color_based_procedures?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_32651724","summary":"The United States Pharmacopeial Convention has revised the qualitative identification tests for the presence of acetate and ammonium in the US Pharmacopeia-National Formulary. This article outlines the rationale behind and the studies that support revision from olfactory assessments to color-based procedures to confirm the presence of acetate and ammonium ions in select materials. Neither the prior nor current approaches requires instrumentation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52820376,"asset_id":32651724,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63477894,"first_name":"Heather","last_name":"Joyce","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeatherJoyce","display_name":"Heather Joyce","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeatherJoyce?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":63517658,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Hernandez-Cardoso","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AntonioHernandezCardoso","display_name":"Antonio Hernandez-Cardoso","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AntonioHernandezCardoso?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":63581270,"first_name":"Premal","last_name":"Bhatt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PremalBhatt","display_name":"Premal Bhatt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PremalBhatt?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63581270/18517992/18483048/s65_premal.bhatt.png"},{"id":63582166,"first_name":"Sanford","last_name":"Bradby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SanfordBradby","display_name":"Sanford Bradby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SanfordBradby?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":17733,"name":"Nanotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanotechnology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":448418,"name":"Chemical Industry Safety and Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Industry_Safety_and_Health?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_893645" data-work_id="893645" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/893645/A_stingless_bee_Melipona_seminigra_marks_food_sources_with_a_pheromone_from_its_claw_retractor_tendons">A stingless bee (Melipona seminigra) marks food sources with a pheromone from its claw retractor tendons</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">By depositing scent marks on flowers, bees reduce both the search time and the time spent with the handling of nonrewarding flowers. They thereby improve the efficiency of foraging. Whereas in honey bees the source of these scent marks is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_893645" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">By depositing scent marks on flowers, bees reduce both the search time and the time spent with the handling of nonrewarding flowers. They thereby improve the efficiency of foraging. Whereas in honey bees the source of these scent marks is unknown, it is assumed to be the tarsal glands in bumble bees. According to histological studies, however, the tarsal glands lack any openings to the outside. Foragers of the stingless bee Melipona seminigra have previously been shown to deposit an attractant pheromone at sugar solution feeders, which is secreted at the tips of their tarsi. Here we show that the claw retractor tendons have specialized glandular epithelia within the femur and tibia of all legs that produce this pheromone. The secretion accumulates within the hollow tendon, which also serves as the duct to the outside, and is released from an opening at the base of the unguitractor plate. In choice experiments, M. seminigra was attracted by feeders baited with pentane extracts of the claw retractor tendons in the same way as it was attracted by feeders previously scent marked by foragers. Our results resolve the seeming contradiction between the importance of foot print secretions and the lack of openings of the tarsal glands.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/893645" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ffa544c460052cdc02941e47bab15062" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":5392399,"asset_id":893645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5392399/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59718" href="https://uni-ulm.academia.edu/StefanJarau">Stefan Jarau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59718" type="text/json">{"id":59718,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Jarau","domain_name":"uni-ulm","page_name":"StefanJarau","display_name":"Stefan Jarau","profile_url":"https://uni-ulm.academia.edu/StefanJarau?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_893645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="893645"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 893645, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_893645", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=893645]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_893645").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_893645").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="893645"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4497" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology">Chemical Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4497" type="text/json">{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9779" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pheromones">Pheromones</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9779" type="text/json">{"id":9779,"name":"Pheromones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pheromones?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9821" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil">Brazil</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9821" type="text/json">{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=893645]'), work: {"id":893645,"title":"A stingless bee (Melipona seminigra) marks food sources with a pheromone from its claw retractor tendons","created_at":"2011-09-07T00:18:40.640-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/893645/A_stingless_bee_Melipona_seminigra_marks_food_sources_with_a_pheromone_from_its_claw_retractor_tendons?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_893645","summary":"By depositing scent marks on flowers, bees reduce both the search time and the time spent with the handling of nonrewarding flowers. They thereby improve the efficiency of foraging. Whereas in honey bees the source of these scent marks is unknown, it is assumed to be the tarsal glands in bumble bees. According to histological studies, however, the tarsal glands lack any openings to the outside. Foragers of the stingless bee Melipona seminigra have previously been shown to deposit an attractant pheromone at sugar solution feeders, which is secreted at the tips of their tarsi. Here we show that the claw retractor tendons have specialized glandular epithelia within the femur and tibia of all legs that produce this pheromone. The secretion accumulates within the hollow tendon, which also serves as the duct to the outside, and is released from an opening at the base of the unguitractor plate. In choice experiments, M. seminigra was attracted by feeders baited with pentane extracts of the claw retractor tendons in the same way as it was attracted by feeders previously scent marked by foragers. Our results resolve the seeming contradiction between the importance of foot print secretions and the lack of openings of the tarsal glands.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5392399,"asset_id":893645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59718,"first_name":"Stefan","last_name":"Jarau","domain_name":"uni-ulm","page_name":"StefanJarau","display_name":"Stefan Jarau","profile_url":"https://uni-ulm.academia.edu/StefanJarau?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":9779,"name":"Pheromones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pheromones?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":9821,"name":"Brazil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazil?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=14054"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=14054"},{"id":59690,"name":"Bees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bees?f_ri=14054"},{"id":126064,"name":"Honey bee","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Honey_bee?f_ri=14054"},{"id":173816,"name":"Choice Experiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Choice_Experiment?f_ri=14054"},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":270438,"name":"HYDROCARBONS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HYDROCARBONS?f_ri=14054"},{"id":924962,"name":"Stingless Bee","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stingless_Bee?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1880064,"name":"Bumble Bees","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bumble_Bees?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6537503" data-work_id="6537503" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6537503/Incorporation_of_Microwave_Synthesis_into_the_Undergraduate_Organic_Laboratory">Incorporation of Microwave Synthesis into the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As recent literature indicates (1), microwaves are quickly becoming an accepted tool for investigators in the organic laboratory. Microwave synthesis enables reactions to proceed more rapidly with greater yields than many conventional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6537503" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As recent literature indicates (1), microwaves are quickly becoming an accepted tool for investigators in the organic laboratory. Microwave synthesis enables reactions to proceed more rapidly with greater yields than many conventional techniques. As more and more reactions are performed using a microwave, it becomes increasingly important for students to fully understand how to use this enabling technology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6537503" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b25df54b7a04583d4cf08d3719ad2458" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33304991,"asset_id":6537503,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33304991/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10470337" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChunmingCai">Chunming Cai</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10470337" type="text/json">{"id":10470337,"first_name":"Chunming","last_name":"Cai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChunmingCai","display_name":"Chunming Cai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChunmingCai?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6537503 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6537503"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6537503, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6537503", }); 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Microwave synthesis enables reactions to proceed more rapidly with greater yields than many conventional techniques. As more and more reactions are performed using a microwave, it becomes increasingly important for students to fully understand how to use this enabling technology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33304991,"asset_id":6537503,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10470337,"first_name":"Chunming","last_name":"Cai","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChunmingCai","display_name":"Chunming Cai","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChunmingCai?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":853,"name":"Chemical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28106648" data-work_id="28106648" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28106648/JCE_VIPEr_An_Inorganic_Teaching_and_Learning_Community">JCE VIPEr: An Inorganic Teaching and Learning Community</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">and keywords Full text (PDF) with links to cited URLs Supplement Additional information about this column and guidelines for submission to JCE VIPEr: An Inorganic Teaching and Learning Community</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28106648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="254062f671b32faf038694ff23487e66" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48422339,"asset_id":28106648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48422339/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="853" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education">Chemical Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="853" type="text/json">{"id":853,"name":"Chemical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning">Teaching and Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="887" type="text/json">{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a 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Community","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48422339,"asset_id":28106648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14242657,"first_name":"Hilary","last_name":"Eppley","domain_name":"depauw","page_name":"HilaryEppley","display_name":"Hilary Eppley","profile_url":"https://depauw.academia.edu/HilaryEppley?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/01ae5bacb9004493790f9e7fd7250eaa?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":853,"name":"Chemical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":5948,"name":"Virtual Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtual_Community?f_ri=14054"},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054"},{"id":125189,"name":"Learning Object","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_Object?f_ri=14054"},{"id":131994,"name":"Laboratory experiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratory_experiment?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1199379,"name":"Social Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24042759" data-work_id="24042759" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24042759/Factors_Affecting_Facial_Selectivity_in_the_Hydroboration_of_Steroidal_%CE%945_Alkenes">Factors Affecting Facial Selectivity in the Hydroboration of Steroidal Δ5-Alkenes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A comparison between the -and -facial selectivity observed in the hydroboration of some androst-5-enes and B-norandrost-5-enes does not parallel the difference between the calculated force field energies for -and -cyclobutane models... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24042759" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A comparison between the -and -facial selectivity observed in the hydroboration of some androst-5-enes and B-norandrost-5-enes does not parallel the difference between the calculated force field energies for -and -cyclobutane models suggesting that the facial selectivity is not determined by the four-centre transition state but by the relative ease of formation of the initial %-complex between the alkene and the borane.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24042759" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4dd99f4e151e6ea6d47c2769a3fd8644" rel="nofollow" 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window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24042759"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24042759 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24042759"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24042759; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24042759]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24042759").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { 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borane.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44417695,"asset_id":24042759,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46299430,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Hanson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesHanson7","display_name":"James Hanson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesHanson7?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14511142" data-work_id="14511142" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14511142/A_saponin_correlated_with_variable_resistance_of_Barbarea_vulgaris_to_the_diamondback_moth_Plutella_xylostella">A saponin correlated with variable resistance of Barbarea vulgaris to the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Two types of Barbarea vulgaris var. arcuata, the G-type and the P-type, differed in resistance to larvae of the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella. Rosette plants of the G-type were fully resistant to the DBM when grown in a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14511142" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Two types of Barbarea vulgaris var. arcuata, the G-type and the P-type, differed in resistance to larvae of the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella. Rosette plants of the G-type were fully resistant to the DBM when grown in a greenhouse or collected in the summer season, but leaves collected during the late fall were less resistant, as previously found for flea beetle resistance. The P-type was always susceptible. Extracts of resistant leaflets inhibited larval growth in a bioassay, and a growth-inhibiting fraction was isolated by activity-guided fractionation. A triterpenoid saponin (1) was isolated from this fraction and identified as 3-O-β-cellobiosyloleanolic acid from spectroscopic data and analysis of hydrolysis products. The decrease in resistance of the Gtype in the fall was correlated with a decrease in the level of 1, from 0.6-0.9 to <0.2 µmol/g dry wt. Compound 1 was not detected in the susceptible P-type. We conclude that 1 is correlated with the variable resistance of B. vulgaris foliage to the DBM.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14511142" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d6717e86d365947bd074379239df8b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44103843,"asset_id":14511142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44103843/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33463514" href="https://ku-dk.academia.edu/NielsAgerbirk">Niels Agerbirk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33463514" type="text/json">{"id":33463514,"first_name":"Niels","last_name":"Agerbirk","domain_name":"ku-dk","page_name":"NielsAgerbirk","display_name":"Niels Agerbirk","profile_url":"https://ku-dk.academia.edu/NielsAgerbirk?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14511142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14511142"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14511142, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14511142", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14511142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14511142; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14511142"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14511142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14511142"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14511142; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14511142]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14511142").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14511142").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14511142"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4497" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology">Chemical Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4497" type="text/json">{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saponins">Saponins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22054" type="text/json">{"id":22054,"name":"Saponins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saponins?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14511142]'), work: {"id":14511142,"title":"A saponin correlated with variable resistance of Barbarea vulgaris to the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella","created_at":"2015-07-30T07:57:38.575-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14511142/A_saponin_correlated_with_variable_resistance_of_Barbarea_vulgaris_to_the_diamondback_moth_Plutella_xylostella?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_14511142","summary":"Two types of Barbarea vulgaris var. arcuata, the G-type and the P-type, differed in resistance to larvae of the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella. Rosette plants of the G-type were fully resistant to the DBM when grown in a greenhouse or collected in the summer season, but leaves collected during the late fall were less resistant, as previously found for flea beetle resistance. The P-type was always susceptible. Extracts of resistant leaflets inhibited larval growth in a bioassay, and a growth-inhibiting fraction was isolated by activity-guided fractionation. A triterpenoid saponin (1) was isolated from this fraction and identified as 3-O-β-cellobiosyloleanolic acid from spectroscopic data and analysis of hydrolysis products. The decrease in resistance of the Gtype in the fall was correlated with a decrease in the level of 1, from 0.6-0.9 to \u003c0.2 µmol/g dry wt. Compound 1 was not detected in the susceptible P-type. We conclude that 1 is correlated with the variable resistance of B. vulgaris foliage to the DBM.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44103843,"asset_id":14511142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33463514,"first_name":"Niels","last_name":"Agerbirk","domain_name":"ku-dk","page_name":"NielsAgerbirk","display_name":"Niels Agerbirk","profile_url":"https://ku-dk.academia.edu/NielsAgerbirk?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4497,"name":"Chemical Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Ecology?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":22054,"name":"Saponins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saponins?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=14054"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=14054"},{"id":202574,"name":"Feeding Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feeding_Behavior?f_ri=14054"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=14054"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=14054"},{"id":537214,"name":"Moths","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moths?f_ri=14054"},{"id":649451,"name":"Seasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasons?f_ri=14054"},{"id":769359,"name":"Growth Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Inhibition?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1109769,"name":"Biological Assay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Assay?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1627795,"name":"Oleanolic acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oleanolic_acid?f_ri=14054"},{"id":1905343,"name":"Plant Leaves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Leaves?f_ri=14054"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26314856" data-work_id="26314856" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26314856/Determination_of_Thermal_Diffusivities_Thermal_Conductivities_and_Sound_Speeds_of_Room_Temperature_Ionic_Liquids_by_the_Transient_Grating_Technique">Determination of Thermal Diffusivities, Thermal Conductivities, and Sound Speeds of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids by the Transient Grating Technique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report measurements of thermal diffusivity of several room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) using the transient grating method. Measurements are carried out using ionic liquids with small concentrations of an inert dye that is excited... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26314856" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report measurements of thermal diffusivity of several room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) using the transient grating method. Measurements are carried out using ionic liquids with small concentrations of an inert dye that is excited by the 532 nm output of a Nd:YAG laser in a grating with a fringe spacings of (92 and 104) µm. The experiments give thermal diffusivities from which thermal conductivities can be determined, sound speeds, and acoustic damping parameters for seven ionic liquids. In this study, we have used combinations of the cation 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [BMIm] + ) with the anions tetrafluoroborate ([BF 4 ] -), hexafluorophosphate ([PF 6 ] -), and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Tf 2 N] -) and combinations of the anion [Tf 2 N]with the cations 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMIm] + ), 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium ([PMIm] + ), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ([HMIm] + ), and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium ([OMIm] + ) to determine the effect of anion and cation on the thermophysical properties of the RTILs. Results obtained indicate that the anion exerts a strong influence not only on the sound speed but also on the thermal diffusivity and acoustic damping of the RTILs. For RTILs with the same cation [BMIm] + , changing the anion from [BF 4 ]to either [PF 6 ]or [Tf 2 N]leads to decreases in the sound speed, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity. The size of the cation, however, does not significantly influence the sound speed or the thermal diffusivity of the RTILs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26314856" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a5050ada21f45c82eda63dde9cfa6bd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46627843,"asset_id":26314856,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46627843/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28411608" href="https://marquette.academia.edu/ChieuTran">Chieu D Tran</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28411608" type="text/json">{"id":28411608,"first_name":"Chieu","last_name":"Tran","domain_name":"marquette","page_name":"ChieuTran","display_name":"Chieu D Tran","profile_url":"https://marquette.academia.edu/ChieuTran?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26314856 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26314856"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26314856, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26314856", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26314856]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26314856").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26314856").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26314856"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THERMAL_DIFFUSIVITY">THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134653" type="text/json">{"id":134653,"name":"THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THERMAL_DIFFUSIVITY?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="246758" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Conductivity">Thermal Conductivity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="246758" type="text/json">{"id":246758,"name":"Thermal Conductivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Conductivity?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26314856]'), work: {"id":26314856,"title":"Determination of Thermal Diffusivities, Thermal Conductivities, and Sound Speeds of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids by the Transient Grating Technique","created_at":"2016-06-19T16:51:59.633-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26314856/Determination_of_Thermal_Diffusivities_Thermal_Conductivities_and_Sound_Speeds_of_Room_Temperature_Ionic_Liquids_by_the_Transient_Grating_Technique?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_26314856","summary":"We report measurements of thermal diffusivity of several room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) using the transient grating method. Measurements are carried out using ionic liquids with small concentrations of an inert dye that is excited by the 532 nm output of a Nd:YAG laser in a grating with a fringe spacings of (92 and 104) µm. The experiments give thermal diffusivities from which thermal conductivities can be determined, sound speeds, and acoustic damping parameters for seven ionic liquids. In this study, we have used combinations of the cation 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [BMIm] + ) with the anions tetrafluoroborate ([BF 4 ] -), hexafluorophosphate ([PF 6 ] -), and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Tf 2 N] -) and combinations of the anion [Tf 2 N]with the cations 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([EMIm] + ), 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium ([PMIm] + ), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ([HMIm] + ), and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium ([OMIm] + ) to determine the effect of anion and cation on the thermophysical properties of the RTILs. Results obtained indicate that the anion exerts a strong influence not only on the sound speed but also on the thermal diffusivity and acoustic damping of the RTILs. For RTILs with the same cation [BMIm] + , changing the anion from [BF 4 ]to either [PF 6 ]or [Tf 2 N]leads to decreases in the sound speed, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity. The size of the cation, however, does not significantly influence the sound speed or the thermal diffusivity of the RTILs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46627843,"asset_id":26314856,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28411608,"first_name":"Chieu","last_name":"Tran","domain_name":"marquette","page_name":"ChieuTran","display_name":"Chieu D Tran","profile_url":"https://marquette.academia.edu/ChieuTran?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":134653,"name":"THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THERMAL_DIFFUSIVITY?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":246758,"name":"Thermal Conductivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Conductivity?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59147097 coauthored" data-work_id="59147097" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59147097/Combustion_and_air_emissions_from_co_firing_a_wood_biomass_a_Canadian_peat_and_a_Canadian_lignite_coal_in_a_bubbling_fluidised_bed_combustor">Combustion and air emissions from co-firing a wood biomass, a Canadian peat and a Canadian lignite coal in a bubbling fluidised bed combustor</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effects of particle size, fuel blending ratio, moisture content and excess air ratio on combustion efficiency and air emissions (CO 2 , CO, SO 2 and NO x) from the co-combustion of white pine or peat with a Canadian lignite coal, were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59147097" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effects of particle size, fuel blending ratio, moisture content and excess air ratio on combustion efficiency and air emissions (CO 2 , CO, SO 2 and NO x) from the co-combustion of white pine or peat with a Canadian lignite coal, were examined in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidised bed combustor. Pelletising was important for the efficient combustion of wood due to its high volatile content. Co-firing lignite and pine pellets gave a proportional reduction in SO 2 and NO x emissions with blending ratio, while co-firing of peat and lignite resulted in increased SO 2 emissions, but decreased NO x emissions. Moisture promotes combustion but with increased CO emissions, and results in increased NO x emissions, and decreased SO 2 emissions. High excess air decreased CO, but moderately increased SO 2 and NO x emissions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59147097" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dfaba373698e9aab749644ea7fb3a665" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73220877,"asset_id":59147097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73220877/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="115219212" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuyTourigny">Guy Tourigny</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="115219212" type="text/json">{"id":115219212,"first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Tourigny","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuyTourigny","display_name":"Guy Tourigny","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuyTourigny?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-59147097">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-59147097"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AllanGilbert3">Allan Gilbert</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-59147097'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-59147097').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59147097 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59147097"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59147097; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59147097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59147097").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59147097").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59147097"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14054" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical">Chemical</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14054" type="text/json">{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76581" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peat">Peat</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="76581" type="text/json">{"id":76581,"name":"Peat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peat?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59147097]'), work: {"id":59147097,"title":"Combustion and air emissions from co-firing a wood biomass, a Canadian peat and a Canadian lignite coal in a bubbling fluidised bed combustor","created_at":"2021-10-20T12:41:20.547-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59147097/Combustion_and_air_emissions_from_co_firing_a_wood_biomass_a_Canadian_peat_and_a_Canadian_lignite_coal_in_a_bubbling_fluidised_bed_combustor?f_ri=14054","dom_id":"work_59147097","summary":"The effects of particle size, fuel blending ratio, moisture content and excess air ratio on combustion efficiency and air emissions (CO 2 , CO, SO 2 and NO x) from the co-combustion of white pine or peat with a Canadian lignite coal, were examined in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidised bed combustor. Pelletising was important for the efficient combustion of wood due to its high volatile content. Co-firing lignite and pine pellets gave a proportional reduction in SO 2 and NO x emissions with blending ratio, while co-firing of peat and lignite resulted in increased SO 2 emissions, but decreased NO x emissions. Moisture promotes combustion but with increased CO emissions, and results in increased NO x emissions, and decreased SO 2 emissions. High excess air decreased CO, but moderately increased SO 2 and NO x emissions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73220877,"asset_id":59147097,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":115219212,"first_name":"Guy","last_name":"Tourigny","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GuyTourigny","display_name":"Guy Tourigny","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GuyTourigny?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":212462601,"first_name":"Allan","last_name":"Gilbert","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AllanGilbert3","display_name":"Allan Gilbert","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AllanGilbert3?f_ri=14054","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":14054,"name":"Chemical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true},{"id":76581,"name":"Peat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peat?f_ri=14054","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34140088" data-work_id="34140088" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34140088/Density_Measurements_of_Fluids_and_Their_Mixtures_at_High_Pressure">Density Measurements of Fluids and Their Mixtures at High Pressure</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The principles of the isochoric method are described, as well as the different variants of this method that can be considered according to the technique used to determine the amount of fluid inside the high pressure cell. An automated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34140088" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The principles of the isochoric method are described, as well as the different variants of this method that can be considered according to the technique used to determine the amount of fluid inside the high pressure cell. An automated isochoric apparatus to measure the density of binary mixtures is presented. Accurate isochoric measurements of density of pure fluids, involving molecules like methanol, and mixtures, such as nitrogen plus methane and a multicomponent system with a composition representative of the U.S.A. commercial Gulf Coast natural gas, are analyzed. Moreover, the effect of the thermal degradation of fluids at high temperatures on the accuracy of the density measurements is also discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34140088" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c196bd3a09ddce501d3de9091abc52a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54065503,"asset_id":34140088,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54065503/download_file?st=MTc0MDAzMTc0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="66675396" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoseCoelho27">Jose Coelho</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="66675396" type="text/json">{"id":66675396,"first_name":"Jose","last_name":"Coelho","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoseCoelho27","display_name":"Jose Coelho","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoseCoelho27?f_ri=14054","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/66675396/21464018/20845404/s65_jose.coelho.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34140088 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34140088"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34140088, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34140088", }); 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