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class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">12</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">4</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">6</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36412689" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_and_marital_relationship"><div 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data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Food Security and Insecurity"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-89bb1eb8-74d8-4d3f-a834-289e1bb7e20e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-89bb1eb8-74d8-4d3f-a834-289e1bb7e20e"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36412689" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Surgery"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-f12f08da-8b38-4e33-8a9b-088dc3567653"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-f12f08da-8b38-4e33-8a9b-088dc3567653"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by R. Tootell</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84429970"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429970/Spatiotemporal_Activity_of_a_Cortical_Network_for_Processing_Visual_Motion_Revealed_by_MEG_and_fMRI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spatiotemporal Activity of a Cortical Network for Processing Visual Motion Revealed by MEG and fMRI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89458112/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429970/Spatiotemporal_Activity_of_a_Cortical_Network_for_Processing_Visual_Motion_Revealed_by_MEG_and_fMRI">Spatiotemporal Activity of a Cortical Network for Processing Visual Motion Revealed by MEG and fMRI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neurophysiology</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A sudden change in the direction of motion is a particularly salient and relevant feature of visu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A sudden change in the direction of motion is a particularly salient and relevant feature of visual information. Extensive research has identified cortical areas responsive to visual motion and characterized their sensitivity to different features of motion, such as directional specificity. However, relatively little is known about responses to sudden changes in direction. Electrophysiological data from animals and functional imaging data from humans suggest a number of brain areas responsive to motion, presumably working as a network. Temporal patterns of activity allow the same network to process information in different ways. The present study in humans sought to determine which motion-sensitive areas are involved in processing changes in the direction of motion and to characterize the temporal patterns of processing within this network of brain regions. To accomplish this, we used both magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI data w...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="74f0f00e8c602637b609e4be5316f820" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89458112,"asset_id":84429970,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89458112/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84429970"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84429970"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429970; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429970]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429970]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429970; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84429970']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84429970, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "74f0f00e8c602637b609e4be5316f820" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84429970]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84429970,"title":"Spatiotemporal Activity of a Cortical Network for Processing Visual Motion Revealed by MEG and fMRI","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A sudden change in the direction of motion is a particularly salient and relevant feature of visual information. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84429969"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429969/Cortical_fMRI_Activation_Produced_by_Attentive_Tracking_of_Moving_Targets"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cortical fMRI Activation Produced by Attentive Tracking of Moving Targets" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89458109/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429969/Cortical_fMRI_Activation_Produced_by_Attentive_Tracking_of_Moving_Targets">Cortical fMRI Activation Produced by Attentive Tracking of Moving Targets</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neurophysiology</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Culham, Jody C., Stephan A. Brandt, Patrick Cavanagh, Nancy G. Kanwisher, Anders M. Dale, and Rog...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Culham, Jody C., Stephan A. Brandt, Patrick Cavanagh, Nancy G. Kanwisher, Anders M. Dale, and Roger B. H. Tootell. Cortical fMRI activation produced by attentive tracking of moving targets. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2657–2670, 1998. Attention can be used to keep track of moving items, particularly when there are multiple targets of interest that cannot all be followed with eye movements. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cortical regions involved in attentive tracking. Cortical flattening techniques facilitated within-subject comparisons of activation produced by attentive tracking, visual motion, discrete attention shifts, and eye movements. In the main task, subjects viewed a display of nine green “bouncing balls” and used attention to mentally track a subset of them while fixating. At the start of each attentive-tracking condition, several target balls (e.g., 3/9) turned red for 2 s and then reverted to green. Subjects then used attention to keep tra...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5186a253a7881f4fb29c582536858b55" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89458109,"asset_id":84429969,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89458109/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84429969"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84429969"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429969; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429969]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429969]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429969; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84429969']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84429969, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5186a253a7881f4fb29c582536858b55" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84429969]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84429969,"title":"Cortical fMRI Activation Produced by Attentive Tracking of Moving Targets","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Culham, Jody C., Stephan A. Brandt, Patrick Cavanagh, Nancy G. Kanwisher, Anders M. Dale, and Roger B. H. Tootell. Cortical fMRI activation produced by attentive tracking of moving targets. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2657–2670, 1998. Attention can be used to keep track of moving items, particularly when there are multiple targets of interest that cannot all be followed with eye movements. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cortical regions involved in attentive tracking. Cortical flattening techniques facilitated within-subject comparisons of activation produced by attentive tracking, visual motion, discrete attention shifts, and eye movements. In the main task, subjects viewed a display of nine green “bouncing balls” and used attention to mentally track a subset of them while fixating. At the start of each attentive-tracking condition, several target balls (e.g., 3/9) turned red for 2 s and then reverted to green. 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In the main task, subjects viewed a display of nine green “bouncing balls” and used attention to mentally track a subset of them while fixating. At the start of each attentive-tracking condition, several target balls (e.g., 3/9) turned red for 2 s and then reverted to green. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84429968"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429968/Sensory_and_Motor_Components_of_Smooth_Pursuit_Eye_Movements_in_Extrastriate_Cortex"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sensory and Motor Components of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Extrastriate Cortex" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429968/Sensory_and_Motor_Components_of_Smooth_Pursuit_Eye_Movements_in_Extrastriate_Cortex">Sensory and Motor Components of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Extrastriate Cortex</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Oculomotor Research</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ample evidence from monkey electrophysiology suggests that eye movements are controlled by two pa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ample evidence from monkey electrophysiology suggests that eye movements are controlled by two parallel cortico-cortical networks, including a frontal eye field (FEF) and a parietal eye field (PEF). Each cortical eye field contains largely separate groups of neurons devoted to either saccadic eye movements, or visual pursuit eye movements (Tian and Lynch 1996). Both eye fields are directly connected to the brain stem oculomotor system. The posterior eye movement network has strong [anatomical and functional] links to the visual “dorsal stream”, and especially to motion perception. Experimental studies in non-human primates suggest that areas MT/MST are intimately involved in pursuit tracking (Newsome et al. 1985; Dursteier et al. 1987). If a given motion is misperceived or not seen at all, the target cannot be pursued faithfully (Baloh et al. 1980). This implies that information about an ongoing eye movement must be incorporated at some level(s) of the visual motion processing hierarchy. Here we ask at a systems level how analoguous regions in human cortex are interrelated. Human neuroimaging studies have clarified the localization of saccade-related activity (for a review see Carter and Zee 1997). However, only few imaging studies have addressed the functional anatomy of smooth pursuit eye movement in extrastri-ate visual cortex (Petit and Clark 1997; Barton et al. 1996). Previous human brain imaging experiments have also examined cortical responses to stimulus motion (e.g. Watson et al. 1993; Dupont et al. 1994; Tootell et al. 1995b; Tootell et al. 1997). Less is known about how the actitvity in specific motion areas is related to different components of an ongoing pursuit eye movement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84429968"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84429968"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429968; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429968]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429968]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429968; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84429968']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84429968, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84429968]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84429968,"title":"Sensory and Motor Components of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Extrastriate Cortex","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Ample evidence from monkey electrophysiology suggests that eye movements are controlled by two parallel cortico-cortical networks, including a frontal eye field (FEF) and a parietal eye field (PEF). Each cortical eye field contains largely separate groups of neurons devoted to either saccadic eye movements, or visual pursuit eye movements (Tian and Lynch 1996). Both eye fields are directly connected to the brain stem oculomotor system. The posterior eye movement network has strong [anatomical and functional] links to the visual “dorsal stream”, and especially to motion perception. Experimental studies in non-human primates suggest that areas MT/MST are intimately involved in pursuit tracking (Newsome et al. 1985; Dursteier et al. 1987). If a given motion is misperceived or not seen at all, the target cannot be pursued faithfully (Baloh et al. 1980). This implies that information about an ongoing eye movement must be incorporated at some level(s) of the visual motion processing hierarchy. Here we ask at a systems level how analoguous regions in human cortex are interrelated. Human neuroimaging studies have clarified the localization of saccade-related activity (for a review see Carter and Zee 1997). However, only few imaging studies have addressed the functional anatomy of smooth pursuit eye movement in extrastri-ate visual cortex (Petit and Clark 1997; Barton et al. 1996). Previous human brain imaging experiments have also examined cortical responses to stimulus motion (e.g. Watson et al. 1993; Dupont et al. 1994; Tootell et al. 1995b; Tootell et al. 1997). Less is known about how the actitvity in specific motion areas is related to different components of an ongoing pursuit eye movement.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1999,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Current Oculomotor Research"},"translated_abstract":"Ample evidence from monkey electrophysiology suggests that eye movements are controlled by two parallel cortico-cortical networks, including a frontal eye field (FEF) and a parietal eye field (PEF). Each cortical eye field contains largely separate groups of neurons devoted to either saccadic eye movements, or visual pursuit eye movements (Tian and Lynch 1996). Both eye fields are directly connected to the brain stem oculomotor system. The posterior eye movement network has strong [anatomical and functional] links to the visual “dorsal stream”, and especially to motion perception. Experimental studies in non-human primates suggest that areas MT/MST are intimately involved in pursuit tracking (Newsome et al. 1985; Dursteier et al. 1987). If a given motion is misperceived or not seen at all, the target cannot be pursued faithfully (Baloh et al. 1980). This implies that information about an ongoing eye movement must be incorporated at some level(s) of the visual motion processing hierarchy. Here we ask at a systems level how analoguous regions in human cortex are interrelated. Human neuroimaging studies have clarified the localization of saccade-related activity (for a review see Carter and Zee 1997). However, only few imaging studies have addressed the functional anatomy of smooth pursuit eye movement in extrastri-ate visual cortex (Petit and Clark 1997; Barton et al. 1996). Previous human brain imaging experiments have also examined cortical responses to stimulus motion (e.g. Watson et al. 1993; Dupont et al. 1994; Tootell et al. 1995b; Tootell et al. 1997). Less is known about how the actitvity in specific motion areas is related to different components of an ongoing pursuit eye movement.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84429968/Sensory_and_Motor_Components_of_Smooth_Pursuit_Eye_Movements_in_Extrastriate_Cortex","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-08-10T10:19:21.357-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":36412689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Sensory_and_Motor_Components_of_Smooth_Pursuit_Eye_Movements_in_Extrastriate_Cortex","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":36412689,"first_name":"R.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tootell","page_name":"RTootell","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-10-17T12:30:01.284-07:00","display_name":"R. Tootell","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RTootell"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience"},{"id":1479559,"name":"Plenum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plenum"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84429966"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429966/Spatiotemporal_mapping_of_human_visual_cortex_using_fMRI_EEG_and_MEG"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spatiotemporal mapping of human visual cortex using fMRI, EEG and MEG" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89458159/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429966/Spatiotemporal_mapping_of_human_visual_cortex_using_fMRI_EEG_and_MEG">Spatiotemporal mapping of human visual cortex using fMRI, EEG and MEG</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology</span><span>, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="93033eb430a6971e33c46c492168c133" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89458159,"asset_id":84429966,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89458159/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84429966"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84429966"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429966; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429966]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429966]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429966; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84429966']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84429966, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "93033eb430a6971e33c46c492168c133" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84429966]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84429966,"title":"Spatiotemporal mapping of human visual cortex using fMRI, EEG and MEG","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1997,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84429966/Spatiotemporal_mapping_of_human_visual_cortex_using_fMRI_EEG_and_MEG","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-08-10T10:19:20.333-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":36412689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":89458159,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89458159/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s0013-4694_2897_2986277-320220810-1-1q9eup8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89458159/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Spatiotemporal_mapping_of_human_visual_c.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89458159/s0013-4694_2897_2986277-320220810-1-1q9eup8-libre.pdf?1660153538=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSpatiotemporal_mapping_of_human_visual_c.pdf\u0026Expires=1732415734\u0026Signature=VuYBCSANdazY~TFpxDCFL5RuxeU-2zK~gnFBCA1dFKihbs~30PmfQI4rG-Z~wW70DOvAUsdDvDGd7HcOzhFKPyELmaBeUZkoyzJRJQKdskoTCL-Ug~FJ5t1-pA9~6t7gnuc6w7eTdtIhY~4AdITGq1OLwNzNXusJMq9kjcKFoHHImWKpdfpaIJZ9B-yrwtV4vRoVgoaS9Hc3Il1AiaYbb4JpLyPoiXaMTVVS~ZY6Rq0mqnGeGfEWN9CMFGCSrEDwygM3Y2shgxduaXEYmubGpS0lFM7KDF9Qlot76YOqSNdXjzi3LTxxMe1ZtjnjB-OvNiRv75iKQvUibl4FBKovwQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Spatiotemporal_mapping_of_human_visual_cortex_using_fMRI_EEG_and_MEG","translated_slug":"","page_count":1,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":36412689,"first_name":"R.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tootell","page_name":"RTootell","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-10-17T12:30:01.284-07:00","display_name":"R. Tootell","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RTootell"},"attachments":[{"id":89458159,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89458159/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s0013-4694_2897_2986277-320220810-1-1q9eup8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89458159/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Spatiotemporal_mapping_of_human_visual_c.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89458159/s0013-4694_2897_2986277-320220810-1-1q9eup8-libre.pdf?1660153538=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSpatiotemporal_mapping_of_human_visual_c.pdf\u0026Expires=1732415734\u0026Signature=VuYBCSANdazY~TFpxDCFL5RuxeU-2zK~gnFBCA1dFKihbs~30PmfQI4rG-Z~wW70DOvAUsdDvDGd7HcOzhFKPyELmaBeUZkoyzJRJQKdskoTCL-Ug~FJ5t1-pA9~6t7gnuc6w7eTdtIhY~4AdITGq1OLwNzNXusJMq9kjcKFoHHImWKpdfpaIJZ9B-yrwtV4vRoVgoaS9Hc3Il1AiaYbb4JpLyPoiXaMTVVS~ZY6Rq0mqnGeGfEWN9CMFGCSrEDwygM3Y2shgxduaXEYmubGpS0lFM7KDF9Qlot76YOqSNdXjzi3LTxxMe1ZtjnjB-OvNiRv75iKQvUibl4FBKovwQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":49962,"name":"Visual Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Cortex"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84429965"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429965/Spatiotemporal_imaging_of_human_cortical_areas_selective_to_visual_motion"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spatiotemporal imaging of human cortical areas selective to visual motion" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429965/Spatiotemporal_imaging_of_human_cortical_areas_selective_to_visual_motion">Spatiotemporal imaging of human cortical areas selective to visual motion</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NeuroImage</span><span>, 1996</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Movement in the visual field is an important part of perceptual information. Previous imaging stu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Movement in the visual field is an important part of perceptual information. Previous imaging studies have identified a number of cortical areas sensitive to visual motion [1,2], including what is considered to be the human homologue of area MT/V5 [3,4]. Our study sought to reproduce and expand upon a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigation [4] and to examine the timing of activity in the network of regions participating in the processing of visual motion information with magnetoencephalography (MEG).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84429965"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84429965"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429965; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429965]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429965]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429965; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84429965']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84429965, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84429965]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84429965,"title":"Spatiotemporal imaging of human cortical areas selective to visual motion","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Movement in the visual field is an important part of perceptual information. Previous imaging studies have identified a number of cortical areas sensitive to visual motion [1,2], including what is considered to be the human homologue of area MT/V5 [3,4]. Our study sought to reproduce and expand upon a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigation [4] and to examine the timing of activity in the network of regions participating in the processing of visual motion information with magnetoencephalography (MEG).","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1996,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"NeuroImage"},"translated_abstract":"Movement in the visual field is an important part of perceptual information. Previous imaging studies have identified a number of cortical areas sensitive to visual motion [1,2], including what is considered to be the human homologue of area MT/V5 [3,4]. Our study sought to reproduce and expand upon a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigation [4] and to examine the timing of activity in the network of regions participating in the processing of visual motion information with magnetoencephalography (MEG).","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84429965/Spatiotemporal_imaging_of_human_cortical_areas_selective_to_visual_motion","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-08-10T10:19:19.179-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":36412689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Spatiotemporal_imaging_of_human_cortical_areas_selective_to_visual_motion","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":36412689,"first_name":"R.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tootell","page_name":"RTootell","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-10-17T12:30:01.284-07:00","display_name":"R. 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However, it remains unresolved whether all objects evoke equivalent levels of activity in LO, and, if not, which image features produce stronger activation. Here, we used an unbiased parametric texture model to predict preferred versus nonpreferred stimuli in LO. Observation and psychophysical results showed that predicted preferred stimuli (both objects and nonobjects) had smooth (rather than textured) surfaces. These predictions were confirmed using fMRI, for objects and nonobjects. Similar preferences were also found in the fusiform face area (FFA). Consistent with this: (1) FFA and LO responded more strongly to nonfreckled (smooth) faces, compared with otherwise identical freckled (textured) faces; and (2) strong functional connections were found between LO and FFA. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48232627"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232627/Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_parietal_frontal_function_in_schizophrenia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abnormalities in personal space and parietal–frontal function in schizophrenia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952295/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232627/Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_parietal_frontal_function_in_schizophrenia">Abnormalities in personal space and parietal–frontal function in schizophrenia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NeuroImage: Clinical</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c9113e0b44a29d2ec6c68fc52dbdf60a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66952295,"asset_id":48232627,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952295/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48232627"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48232627"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232627; 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The neural basis of this abnormality, and related changes in social functioning, is unknown. Here we examined, in schizophrenic patients and healthy control subjects, the functioning of a parietal-frontal network involved in monitoring the space immediately surrounding the body (\"personal space\"). Using fMRI, we found that one region of this network, the dorsal intraparietal sulcus (DIPS), was hyper-responsive in schizophrenic patients to face stimuli appearing to move towards the subjects, intruding into personal space. This hyper-responsivity was predicted both by the size of personal space (which was abnormally elevated in the schizophrenia group) and the severity of negative symptoms. In contrast, in a second study, the activity of two lower-level visual areas that send information to DIPS (the fusiform face area and middle temporal area) was normal in schizophrenia. Together, these findings suggest that changes in parietal-frontal networks that support the sensory-guided initiation of behavior, including actions occurring in the space surrounding the body, contribute to social dysfunction and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"NeuroImage: Clinical","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":66952295},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48232627/Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_parietal_frontal_function_in_schizophrenia","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-05-04T06:18:37.542-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":36412689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66952295,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952295/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4573090.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952295/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_pari.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66952295/4573090-libre.pdf?1620528994=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbnormalities_in_personal_space_and_pari.pdf\u0026Expires=1732415734\u0026Signature=LGJ4Ty2p1Qp63ugYj4LfXheeW7zrCQWqw-cSHIL3KjZ-AyQIVHhUU1YqBlpawH7-56pyrskj822wJjdhO7XLmDIAarJx~6AGFxzO9IAnWuwmhY5hwznoiZnlxi1lF~Cvo49qNLVKpN~ViD7TeBZzmsopjEUpD3uAlPeZsrGWEhx0k9WofKmqDmgt7zoyAAuEQGvasAcS3aqM0XiZnNh-tYO9qKTKN52Y1vFr5mMhl4ehp6FlmKqUp8bn9fvogOGSxffcPFp5MwHaneKohK9UqZQIFBIp-flvWdX4NfpYU5-q3AQMjvbZKjXBnzCfiovpp8cXXX8byfxI6FddbSrQHA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_parietal_frontal_function_in_schizophrenia","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":36412689,"first_name":"R.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tootell","page_name":"RTootell","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-10-17T12:30:01.284-07:00","display_name":"R. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48232626"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232626/Neuronal_changes_underlying_orientation_discrimination_learning"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neuronal changes underlying orientation discrimination learning" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232626/Neuronal_changes_underlying_orientation_discrimination_learning">Neuronal changes underlying orientation discrimination learning</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48232626"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48232626"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232626; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48232626]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48232626,"title":"Neuronal changes underlying orientation discrimination learning","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48232626/Neuronal_changes_underlying_orientation_discrimination_learning","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-05-04T06:18:37.463-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":36412689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Neuronal_changes_underlying_orientation_discrimination_learning","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":36412689,"first_name":"R.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tootell","page_name":"RTootell","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-10-17T12:30:01.284-07:00","display_name":"R. Tootell","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RTootell"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48232625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232625/fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3D_shapes_within_inferior_temporal_cortex"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of fMRI mapping of a morphed continuum of 3D shapes within inferior temporal cortex" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952307/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232625/fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3D_shapes_within_inferior_temporal_cortex">fMRI mapping of a morphed continuum of 3D shapes within inferior temporal cortex</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</span><span>, Jan 4, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Here, we mapped fMRI responses to incrementally changing shapes along a continuous 3D morph, rang...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Here, we mapped fMRI responses to incrementally changing shapes along a continuous 3D morph, ranging from a head (&quot;face&quot;) to a house (&quot;place&quot;). The response to each shape was mapped independently by using single-stimulus imaging, and stimulus shapes were equated for lower-level visual cues. We measured activity in 2-mm samples across human inferior temporal cortex from the fusiform face area (FFA) (apparently selective for faces) to the parahippocampal place area (PPA) (apparently selective for places), testing for (i) incremental changes in the topography of FFA and PPA (predicted by the continuous-mapping model) or (ii) little or no response to the intermediate morphed shapes (predicted by the category model). Neither result occurred; instead, we found approximately linearly graded changes in the response amplitudes to graded-shape changes, without changes in topography-similar to visual responses in different lower-tier cortical areas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e1e32f847833366e07cf7ea0fef8bd6a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66952307,"asset_id":48232625,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952307/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48232625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48232625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48232625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48232625]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='48232625']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48232625, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e1e32f847833366e07cf7ea0fef8bd6a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48232625]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48232625,"title":"fMRI mapping of a morphed continuum of 3D shapes within inferior temporal cortex","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Here, we mapped fMRI responses to incrementally changing shapes along a continuous 3D morph, ranging from a head (\u0026quot;face\u0026quot;) to a house (\u0026quot;place\u0026quot;). The response to each shape was mapped independently by using single-stimulus imaging, and stimulus shapes were equated for lower-level visual cues. We measured activity in 2-mm samples across human inferior temporal cortex from the fusiform face area (FFA) (apparently selective for faces) to the parahippocampal place area (PPA) (apparently selective for places), testing for (i) incremental changes in the topography of FFA and PPA (predicted by the continuous-mapping model) or (ii) little or no response to the intermediate morphed shapes (predicted by the category model). Neither result occurred; instead, we found approximately linearly graded changes in the response amplitudes to graded-shape changes, without changes in topography-similar to visual responses in different lower-tier cortical areas.","publication_date":{"day":4,"month":1,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},"translated_abstract":"Here, we mapped fMRI responses to incrementally changing shapes along a continuous 3D morph, ranging from a head (\u0026quot;face\u0026quot;) to a house (\u0026quot;place\u0026quot;). The response to each shape was mapped independently by using single-stimulus imaging, and stimulus shapes were equated for lower-level visual cues. We measured activity in 2-mm samples across human inferior temporal cortex from the fusiform face area (FFA) (apparently selective for faces) to the parahippocampal place area (PPA) (apparently selective for places), testing for (i) incremental changes in the topography of FFA and PPA (predicted by the continuous-mapping model) or (ii) little or no response to the intermediate morphed shapes (predicted by the category model). Neither result occurred; instead, we found approximately linearly graded changes in the response amplitudes to graded-shape changes, without changes in topography-similar to visual responses in different lower-tier cortical areas.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48232625/fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3D_shapes_within_inferior_temporal_cortex","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-05-04T06:18:37.391-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":36412689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66952307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_320210504-10662-1afnl4u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952307/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66952307/fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_320210504-10662-1afnl4u.pdf?1620138408=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DfMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3.pdf\u0026Expires=1732415734\u0026Signature=STNRMoWRb1wdo6L2qbAAYeJ1fUUU24o7TFWAihLyeKBmKsfOeT8EjIT8rCkpBiMRTMASTBG9pWr~tyQzgAfmHn7~mcSpkEiKAJp1-aML8FsXhefv~mhOZck7NbQS-~28rRBVbWgOIaCT71dQB8HL7nsIN4gMJoqZe~CPcaeicSxsk6DtIiR6Cg95C6LJ7WJ0Vcz8fCYRd8k99U9ceVCPDr3xPv8EU8VSazMR~N0-fSPCETLoRSBSpdDYWxwtSgOmWykRH1FVEIePKhkd8Te1u6nUMcCxU2o7dfLDn0DkK1uUyTQKLJD9hscg6Nyko6xSzb1VgZlClup~AjnWr9COKA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3D_shapes_within_inferior_temporal_cortex","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":36412689,"first_name":"R.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tootell","page_name":"RTootell","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-10-17T12:30:01.284-07:00","display_name":"R. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48232624"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232624/Intrinsic_Structure_of_Visual_Exemplar_and_Category_Representations_in_Macaque_Brain"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intrinsic Structure of Visual Exemplar and Category Representations in Macaque Brain" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952309/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232624/Intrinsic_Structure_of_Visual_Exemplar_and_Category_Representations_in_Macaque_Brain">Intrinsic Structure of Visual Exemplar and Category Representations in Macaque Brain</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neuroscience</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5383e2b47175f2afe741e9785da756bd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66952309,"asset_id":48232624,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952309/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48232624"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48232624"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232624; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48232624]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48232624]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232624; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='48232624']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48232624, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5383e2b47175f2afe741e9785da756bd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48232624]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48232624,"title":"Intrinsic Structure of Visual Exemplar and Category Representations in Macaque Brain","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","grobid_abstract":"One of the most remarkable properties of the visual system is the ability to identify and categorize a wide variety of objects effortlessly. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Specifically, the question of how individual object information is represented and intrinsically organized is still poorly understood. To address this question, we presented images of isolated real-world objects spanning a wide range of categories to awake monkeys using a rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design and analyzed the responses of multiple areas involved in object processing. We found that the multivoxel response patterns to individual exemplars in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex, especially area TE, encoded the animate-inanimate categorical division, with a subordinate cluster of faces within the animate category. In contrast, the individual exemplar representations in V4, the amygdala, and prefrontal cortex showed either no categorical structure, or a categorical structure different from that in IT cortex. Moreover, in the IT face-selective regions (\"face patches\"), especially the anterior face patches, (1) the multivoxel response patterns to individual exemplars showed a categorical distinction between faces and nonface objects (i.e., body parts and inanimate objects), and (2) the regionally averaged activations to individual exemplars showed face-selectivity and within-face exemplar-selectivity. 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Valuable clues to this process have emerged from the demonstration that clusters of neurons (&quot;modules&quot;) in inferior temporal cortex apparently respond selectively to specific categories of visual stimuli, such as places/scenes. However, the higher-order &quot;category-selective&quot; response could also reflect specific lower-level spatial factors. Here we tested this idea in multiple functional MRI experiments, in humans and macaque monkeys, by systematically manipulating the spatial content of geometrical shapes and natural images. These tests revealed that visual spatial discontinuities (as reflected by an increased response to high spatial frequencies) selectively activate a well-known place-selective region of visual cortex (the &quot;parahippocampal place area&quot;) in humans. In macaques, we demonstrate a homologous cortical area, and show that it a...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2bcd8e6cea479786593acc3ce608320" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66951953,"asset_id":48231894,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66951953/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48231894"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48231894"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48231894; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48231894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48231894]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48231894; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='48231894']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48231894, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c2bcd8e6cea479786593acc3ce608320" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48231894]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48231894,"title":"The \"parahippocampal place area\" responds preferentially to high spatial frequencies in humans and monkeys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Defining the exact mechanisms by which the brain processes visual objects and scenes remains an unresolved challenge. 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A cell&#39;s response to a grating of its optimum spatial frequency (f) was examined both alone and in the presence of gratings of 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2, 3 and 4f, respectively. Some 97% (thirty-seven of thirty-eight) of all simple cells showed significant inhibition of f by one or more of the other frequencies. This inhibition was usually fairly narrowly tuned, with only one or two spatial frequencies producing significant inhibition. Thirty-four simple cells were maximally inhibited by a higher frequency, three by a lower spatial frequency. By far the most common interaction was a considerable inhibition of f by 2f and/or 3f. Of the thirty-seven simple cells showing inhibition to a complex grating, seventeen responded in a manner dependent on the relative phases of the two components. Some showed only inhibition of f; in others, the response to f was either increased or...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b66b4242076e3967fdcb42d6eed89494" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48188774,"asset_id":27900890,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48188774/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27900890"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27900890"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27900890; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27900890]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27900890]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27900890; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27900890']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27900890, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b66b4242076e3967fdcb42d6eed89494" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27900890]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27900890,"title":"Spatial-frequency-specific inhibition in cat striate cortex cells","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Responses to single and multiple spatial frequency gratings were recorded from eighty-eight cat striate cortex cells. A cell\u0026#39;s response to a grating of its optimum spatial frequency (f) was examined both alone and in the presence of gratings of 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2, 3 and 4f, respectively. Some 97% (thirty-seven of thirty-eight) of all simple cells showed significant inhibition of f by one or more of the other frequencies. This inhibition was usually fairly narrowly tuned, with only one or two spatial frequencies producing significant inhibition. Thirty-four simple cells were maximally inhibited by a higher frequency, three by a lower spatial frequency. By far the most common interaction was a considerable inhibition of f by 2f and/or 3f. Of the thirty-seven simple cells showing inhibition to a complex grating, seventeen responded in a manner dependent on the relative phases of the two components. Some showed only inhibition of f; in others, the response to f was either increased or...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1983,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Journal of physiology"},"translated_abstract":"Responses to single and multiple spatial frequency gratings were recorded from eighty-eight cat striate cortex cells. A cell\u0026#39;s response to a grating of its optimum spatial frequency (f) was examined both alone and in the presence of gratings of 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2, 3 and 4f, respectively. Some 97% (thirty-seven of thirty-eight) of all simple cells showed significant inhibition of f by one or more of the other frequencies. This inhibition was usually fairly narrowly tuned, with only one or two spatial frequencies producing significant inhibition. Thirty-four simple cells were maximally inhibited by a higher frequency, three by a lower spatial frequency. By far the most common interaction was a considerable inhibition of f by 2f and/or 3f. Of the thirty-seven simple cells showing inhibition to a complex grating, seventeen responded in a manner dependent on the relative phases of the two components. 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Extensive research has identified cortical areas responsive to visual motion and characterized their sensitivity to different features of motion, such as directional specificity. However, relatively little is known about responses to sudden changes in direction. Electrophysiological data from animals and functional imaging data from humans suggest a number of brain areas responsive to motion, presumably working as a network. Temporal patterns of activity allow the same network to process information in different ways. The present study in humans sought to determine which motion-sensitive areas are involved in processing changes in the direction of motion and to characterize the temporal patterns of processing within this network of brain regions. To accomplish this, we used both magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI data w...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="74f0f00e8c602637b609e4be5316f820" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89458112,"asset_id":84429970,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89458112/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84429970"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84429970"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429970; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429970]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429970]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429970; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84429970']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84429970, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "74f0f00e8c602637b609e4be5316f820" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84429970]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84429970,"title":"Spatiotemporal Activity of a Cortical Network for Processing Visual Motion Revealed by MEG and fMRI","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A sudden change in the direction of motion is a particularly salient and relevant feature of visual information. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84429969"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429969/Cortical_fMRI_Activation_Produced_by_Attentive_Tracking_of_Moving_Targets"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cortical fMRI Activation Produced by Attentive Tracking of Moving Targets" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89458109/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429969/Cortical_fMRI_Activation_Produced_by_Attentive_Tracking_of_Moving_Targets">Cortical fMRI Activation Produced by Attentive Tracking of Moving Targets</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neurophysiology</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Culham, Jody C., Stephan A. Brandt, Patrick Cavanagh, Nancy G. Kanwisher, Anders M. Dale, and Rog...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Culham, Jody C., Stephan A. Brandt, Patrick Cavanagh, Nancy G. Kanwisher, Anders M. Dale, and Roger B. H. Tootell. Cortical fMRI activation produced by attentive tracking of moving targets. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2657–2670, 1998. Attention can be used to keep track of moving items, particularly when there are multiple targets of interest that cannot all be followed with eye movements. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cortical regions involved in attentive tracking. Cortical flattening techniques facilitated within-subject comparisons of activation produced by attentive tracking, visual motion, discrete attention shifts, and eye movements. In the main task, subjects viewed a display of nine green “bouncing balls” and used attention to mentally track a subset of them while fixating. At the start of each attentive-tracking condition, several target balls (e.g., 3/9) turned red for 2 s and then reverted to green. Subjects then used attention to keep tra...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5186a253a7881f4fb29c582536858b55" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89458109,"asset_id":84429969,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89458109/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84429969"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84429969"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429969; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429969]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429969]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429969; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84429969']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84429969, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5186a253a7881f4fb29c582536858b55" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84429969]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84429969,"title":"Cortical fMRI Activation Produced by Attentive Tracking of Moving Targets","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Culham, Jody C., Stephan A. Brandt, Patrick Cavanagh, Nancy G. Kanwisher, Anders M. Dale, and Roger B. H. Tootell. Cortical fMRI activation produced by attentive tracking of moving targets. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2657–2670, 1998. Attention can be used to keep track of moving items, particularly when there are multiple targets of interest that cannot all be followed with eye movements. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cortical regions involved in attentive tracking. Cortical flattening techniques facilitated within-subject comparisons of activation produced by attentive tracking, visual motion, discrete attention shifts, and eye movements. In the main task, subjects viewed a display of nine green “bouncing balls” and used attention to mentally track a subset of them while fixating. At the start of each attentive-tracking condition, several target balls (e.g., 3/9) turned red for 2 s and then reverted to green. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="84429968"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429968/Sensory_and_Motor_Components_of_Smooth_Pursuit_Eye_Movements_in_Extrastriate_Cortex"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sensory and Motor Components of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Extrastriate Cortex" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/84429968/Sensory_and_Motor_Components_of_Smooth_Pursuit_Eye_Movements_in_Extrastriate_Cortex">Sensory and Motor Components of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Extrastriate Cortex</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Oculomotor Research</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ample evidence from monkey electrophysiology suggests that eye movements are controlled by two pa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ample evidence from monkey electrophysiology suggests that eye movements are controlled by two parallel cortico-cortical networks, including a frontal eye field (FEF) and a parietal eye field (PEF). Each cortical eye field contains largely separate groups of neurons devoted to either saccadic eye movements, or visual pursuit eye movements (Tian and Lynch 1996). Both eye fields are directly connected to the brain stem oculomotor system. The posterior eye movement network has strong [anatomical and functional] links to the visual “dorsal stream”, and especially to motion perception. Experimental studies in non-human primates suggest that areas MT/MST are intimately involved in pursuit tracking (Newsome et al. 1985; Dursteier et al. 1987). If a given motion is misperceived or not seen at all, the target cannot be pursued faithfully (Baloh et al. 1980). This implies that information about an ongoing eye movement must be incorporated at some level(s) of the visual motion processing hierarchy. Here we ask at a systems level how analoguous regions in human cortex are interrelated. Human neuroimaging studies have clarified the localization of saccade-related activity (for a review see Carter and Zee 1997). However, only few imaging studies have addressed the functional anatomy of smooth pursuit eye movement in extrastri-ate visual cortex (Petit and Clark 1997; Barton et al. 1996). Previous human brain imaging experiments have also examined cortical responses to stimulus motion (e.g. Watson et al. 1993; Dupont et al. 1994; Tootell et al. 1995b; Tootell et al. 1997). Less is known about how the actitvity in specific motion areas is related to different components of an ongoing pursuit eye movement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="84429968"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="84429968"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429968; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429968]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=84429968]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 84429968; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='84429968']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 84429968, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=84429968]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":84429968,"title":"Sensory and Motor Components of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Extrastriate Cortex","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Ample evidence from monkey electrophysiology suggests that eye movements are controlled by two parallel cortico-cortical networks, including a frontal eye field (FEF) and a parietal eye field (PEF). Each cortical eye field contains largely separate groups of neurons devoted to either saccadic eye movements, or visual pursuit eye movements (Tian and Lynch 1996). Both eye fields are directly connected to the brain stem oculomotor system. The posterior eye movement network has strong [anatomical and functional] links to the visual “dorsal stream”, and especially to motion perception. Experimental studies in non-human primates suggest that areas MT/MST are intimately involved in pursuit tracking (Newsome et al. 1985; Dursteier et al. 1987). If a given motion is misperceived or not seen at all, the target cannot be pursued faithfully (Baloh et al. 1980). This implies that information about an ongoing eye movement must be incorporated at some level(s) of the visual motion processing hierarchy. Here we ask at a systems level how analoguous regions in human cortex are interrelated. Human neuroimaging studies have clarified the localization of saccade-related activity (for a review see Carter and Zee 1997). However, only few imaging studies have addressed the functional anatomy of smooth pursuit eye movement in extrastri-ate visual cortex (Petit and Clark 1997; Barton et al. 1996). Previous human brain imaging experiments have also examined cortical responses to stimulus motion (e.g. Watson et al. 1993; Dupont et al. 1994; Tootell et al. 1995b; Tootell et al. 1997). Less is known about how the actitvity in specific motion areas is related to different components of an ongoing pursuit eye movement.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1999,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Current Oculomotor Research"},"translated_abstract":"Ample evidence from monkey electrophysiology suggests that eye movements are controlled by two parallel cortico-cortical networks, including a frontal eye field (FEF) and a parietal eye field (PEF). Each cortical eye field contains largely separate groups of neurons devoted to either saccadic eye movements, or visual pursuit eye movements (Tian and Lynch 1996). Both eye fields are directly connected to the brain stem oculomotor system. The posterior eye movement network has strong [anatomical and functional] links to the visual “dorsal stream”, and especially to motion perception. Experimental studies in non-human primates suggest that areas MT/MST are intimately involved in pursuit tracking (Newsome et al. 1985; Dursteier et al. 1987). If a given motion is misperceived or not seen at all, the target cannot be pursued faithfully (Baloh et al. 1980). This implies that information about an ongoing eye movement must be incorporated at some level(s) of the visual motion processing hierarchy. Here we ask at a systems level how analoguous regions in human cortex are interrelated. Human neuroimaging studies have clarified the localization of saccade-related activity (for a review see Carter and Zee 1997). However, only few imaging studies have addressed the functional anatomy of smooth pursuit eye movement in extrastri-ate visual cortex (Petit and Clark 1997; Barton et al. 1996). Previous human brain imaging experiments have also examined cortical responses to stimulus motion (e.g. Watson et al. 1993; Dupont et al. 1994; Tootell et al. 1995b; Tootell et al. 1997). 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Previous imaging stu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Movement in the visual field is an important part of perceptual information. Previous imaging studies have identified a number of cortical areas sensitive to visual motion [1,2], including what is considered to be the human homologue of area MT/V5 [3,4]. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78513010"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78513010/Spatiotemporal_imaging_of_coherent_motion_selective_areas_in_human_cortex"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spatiotemporal imaging of coherent motion selective areas in human cortex" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78513010/Spatiotemporal_imaging_of_coherent_motion_selective_areas_in_human_cortex">Spatiotemporal imaging of coherent motion selective areas in human cortex</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78513010"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78513010"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78513010; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48232627"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232627/Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_parietal_frontal_function_in_schizophrenia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abnormalities in personal space and parietal–frontal function in schizophrenia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952295/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232627/Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_parietal_frontal_function_in_schizophrenia">Abnormalities in personal space and parietal–frontal function in schizophrenia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NeuroImage: Clinical</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c9113e0b44a29d2ec6c68fc52dbdf60a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66952295,"asset_id":48232627,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952295/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48232627"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48232627"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232627; 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The neural basis of this abnormality, and related changes in social functioning, is unknown. Here we examined, in schizophrenic patients and healthy control subjects, the functioning of a parietal-frontal network involved in monitoring the space immediately surrounding the body (\"personal space\"). Using fMRI, we found that one region of this network, the dorsal intraparietal sulcus (DIPS), was hyper-responsive in schizophrenic patients to face stimuli appearing to move towards the subjects, intruding into personal space. This hyper-responsivity was predicted both by the size of personal space (which was abnormally elevated in the schizophrenia group) and the severity of negative symptoms. In contrast, in a second study, the activity of two lower-level visual areas that send information to DIPS (the fusiform face area and middle temporal area) was normal in schizophrenia. Together, these findings suggest that changes in parietal-frontal networks that support the sensory-guided initiation of behavior, including actions occurring in the space surrounding the body, contribute to social dysfunction and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"NeuroImage: Clinical","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":66952295},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48232627/Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_parietal_frontal_function_in_schizophrenia","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-05-04T06:18:37.542-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":36412689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66952295,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952295/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4573090.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952295/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_pari.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66952295/4573090-libre.pdf?1620528994=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbnormalities_in_personal_space_and_pari.pdf\u0026Expires=1732415734\u0026Signature=LGJ4Ty2p1Qp63ugYj4LfXheeW7zrCQWqw-cSHIL3KjZ-AyQIVHhUU1YqBlpawH7-56pyrskj822wJjdhO7XLmDIAarJx~6AGFxzO9IAnWuwmhY5hwznoiZnlxi1lF~Cvo49qNLVKpN~ViD7TeBZzmsopjEUpD3uAlPeZsrGWEhx0k9WofKmqDmgt7zoyAAuEQGvasAcS3aqM0XiZnNh-tYO9qKTKN52Y1vFr5mMhl4ehp6FlmKqUp8bn9fvogOGSxffcPFp5MwHaneKohK9UqZQIFBIp-flvWdX4NfpYU5-q3AQMjvbZKjXBnzCfiovpp8cXXX8byfxI6FddbSrQHA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Abnormalities_in_personal_space_and_parietal_frontal_function_in_schizophrenia","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":36412689,"first_name":"R.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tootell","page_name":"RTootell","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-10-17T12:30:01.284-07:00","display_name":"R. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48232626"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232626/Neuronal_changes_underlying_orientation_discrimination_learning"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neuronal changes underlying orientation discrimination learning" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232626/Neuronal_changes_underlying_orientation_discrimination_learning">Neuronal changes underlying orientation discrimination learning</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48232626"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48232626"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232626; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48232626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48232626]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232626; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='48232626']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48232626, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48232626]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48232626,"title":"Neuronal changes underlying orientation discrimination learning","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48232626/Neuronal_changes_underlying_orientation_discrimination_learning","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-05-04T06:18:37.463-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":36412689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Neuronal_changes_underlying_orientation_discrimination_learning","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":36412689,"first_name":"R.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tootell","page_name":"RTootell","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-10-17T12:30:01.284-07:00","display_name":"R. Tootell","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RTootell"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48232625"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232625/fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3D_shapes_within_inferior_temporal_cortex"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of fMRI mapping of a morphed continuum of 3D shapes within inferior temporal cortex" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952307/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232625/fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3D_shapes_within_inferior_temporal_cortex">fMRI mapping of a morphed continuum of 3D shapes within inferior temporal cortex</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</span><span>, Jan 4, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Here, we mapped fMRI responses to incrementally changing shapes along a continuous 3D morph, rang...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Here, we mapped fMRI responses to incrementally changing shapes along a continuous 3D morph, ranging from a head (&quot;face&quot;) to a house (&quot;place&quot;). The response to each shape was mapped independently by using single-stimulus imaging, and stimulus shapes were equated for lower-level visual cues. We measured activity in 2-mm samples across human inferior temporal cortex from the fusiform face area (FFA) (apparently selective for faces) to the parahippocampal place area (PPA) (apparently selective for places), testing for (i) incremental changes in the topography of FFA and PPA (predicted by the continuous-mapping model) or (ii) little or no response to the intermediate morphed shapes (predicted by the category model). Neither result occurred; instead, we found approximately linearly graded changes in the response amplitudes to graded-shape changes, without changes in topography-similar to visual responses in different lower-tier cortical areas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e1e32f847833366e07cf7ea0fef8bd6a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66952307,"asset_id":48232625,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952307/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48232625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48232625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48232625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48232625]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='48232625']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48232625, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e1e32f847833366e07cf7ea0fef8bd6a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48232625]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48232625,"title":"fMRI mapping of a morphed continuum of 3D shapes within inferior temporal cortex","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Here, we mapped fMRI responses to incrementally changing shapes along a continuous 3D morph, ranging from a head (\u0026quot;face\u0026quot;) to a house (\u0026quot;place\u0026quot;). The response to each shape was mapped independently by using single-stimulus imaging, and stimulus shapes were equated for lower-level visual cues. We measured activity in 2-mm samples across human inferior temporal cortex from the fusiform face area (FFA) (apparently selective for faces) to the parahippocampal place area (PPA) (apparently selective for places), testing for (i) incremental changes in the topography of FFA and PPA (predicted by the continuous-mapping model) or (ii) little or no response to the intermediate morphed shapes (predicted by the category model). Neither result occurred; instead, we found approximately linearly graded changes in the response amplitudes to graded-shape changes, without changes in topography-similar to visual responses in different lower-tier cortical areas.","publication_date":{"day":4,"month":1,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},"translated_abstract":"Here, we mapped fMRI responses to incrementally changing shapes along a continuous 3D morph, ranging from a head (\u0026quot;face\u0026quot;) to a house (\u0026quot;place\u0026quot;). The response to each shape was mapped independently by using single-stimulus imaging, and stimulus shapes were equated for lower-level visual cues. We measured activity in 2-mm samples across human inferior temporal cortex from the fusiform face area (FFA) (apparently selective for faces) to the parahippocampal place area (PPA) (apparently selective for places), testing for (i) incremental changes in the topography of FFA and PPA (predicted by the continuous-mapping model) or (ii) little or no response to the intermediate morphed shapes (predicted by the category model). Neither result occurred; instead, we found approximately linearly graded changes in the response amplitudes to graded-shape changes, without changes in topography-similar to visual responses in different lower-tier cortical areas.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48232625/fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3D_shapes_within_inferior_temporal_cortex","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-05-04T06:18:37.391-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":36412689,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66952307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_320210504-10662-1afnl4u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952307/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/66952307/fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_320210504-10662-1afnl4u.pdf?1620138408=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DfMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3.pdf\u0026Expires=1732415734\u0026Signature=STNRMoWRb1wdo6L2qbAAYeJ1fUUU24o7TFWAihLyeKBmKsfOeT8EjIT8rCkpBiMRTMASTBG9pWr~tyQzgAfmHn7~mcSpkEiKAJp1-aML8FsXhefv~mhOZck7NbQS-~28rRBVbWgOIaCT71dQB8HL7nsIN4gMJoqZe~CPcaeicSxsk6DtIiR6Cg95C6LJ7WJ0Vcz8fCYRd8k99U9ceVCPDr3xPv8EU8VSazMR~N0-fSPCETLoRSBSpdDYWxwtSgOmWykRH1FVEIePKhkd8Te1u6nUMcCxU2o7dfLDn0DkK1uUyTQKLJD9hscg6Nyko6xSzb1VgZlClup~AjnWr9COKA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"fMRI_mapping_of_a_morphed_continuum_of_3D_shapes_within_inferior_temporal_cortex","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":36412689,"first_name":"R.","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Tootell","page_name":"RTootell","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-10-17T12:30:01.284-07:00","display_name":"R. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48232624"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232624/Intrinsic_Structure_of_Visual_Exemplar_and_Category_Representations_in_Macaque_Brain"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intrinsic Structure of Visual Exemplar and Category Representations in Macaque Brain" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66952309/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/48232624/Intrinsic_Structure_of_Visual_Exemplar_and_Category_Representations_in_Macaque_Brain">Intrinsic Structure of Visual Exemplar and Category Representations in Macaque Brain</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Neuroscience</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5383e2b47175f2afe741e9785da756bd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66952309,"asset_id":48232624,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66952309/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48232624"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48232624"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48232624; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5383e2b47175f2afe741e9785da756bd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48232624]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48232624,"title":"Intrinsic Structure of Visual Exemplar and Category Representations in Macaque Brain","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Society for Neuroscience","grobid_abstract":"One of the most remarkable properties of the visual system is the ability to identify and categorize a wide variety of objects effortlessly. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Specifically, the question of how individual object information is represented and intrinsically organized is still poorly understood. To address this question, we presented images of isolated real-world objects spanning a wide range of categories to awake monkeys using a rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design and analyzed the responses of multiple areas involved in object processing. We found that the multivoxel response patterns to individual exemplars in the inferior temporal (IT) cortex, especially area TE, encoded the animate-inanimate categorical division, with a subordinate cluster of faces within the animate category. In contrast, the individual exemplar representations in V4, the amygdala, and prefrontal cortex showed either no categorical structure, or a categorical structure different from that in IT cortex. Moreover, in the IT face-selective regions (\"face patches\"), especially the anterior face patches, (1) the multivoxel response patterns to individual exemplars showed a categorical distinction between faces and nonface objects (i.e., body parts and inanimate objects), and (2) the regionally averaged activations to individual exemplars showed face-selectivity and within-face exemplar-selectivity. 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Valuable clues to this process have emerged from the demonstration that clusters of neurons (&quot;modules&quot;) in inferior temporal cortex apparently respond selectively to specific categories of visual stimuli, such as places/scenes. However, the higher-order &quot;category-selective&quot; response could also reflect specific lower-level spatial factors. Here we tested this idea in multiple functional MRI experiments, in humans and macaque monkeys, by systematically manipulating the spatial content of geometrical shapes and natural images. These tests revealed that visual spatial discontinuities (as reflected by an increased response to high spatial frequencies) selectively activate a well-known place-selective region of visual cortex (the &quot;parahippocampal place area&quot;) in humans. In macaques, we demonstrate a homologous cortical area, and show that it a...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2bcd8e6cea479786593acc3ce608320" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66951953,"asset_id":48231894,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66951953/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48231894"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48231894"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48231894; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48231894]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48231894]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48231894; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='48231894']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48231894, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c2bcd8e6cea479786593acc3ce608320" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=48231894]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":48231894,"title":"The \"parahippocampal place area\" responds preferentially to high spatial frequencies in humans and monkeys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Defining the exact mechanisms by which the brain processes visual objects and scenes remains an unresolved challenge. Valuable clues to this process have emerged from the demonstration that clusters of neurons (\u0026quot;modules\u0026quot;) in inferior temporal cortex apparently respond selectively to specific categories of visual stimuli, such as places/scenes. However, the higher-order \u0026quot;category-selective\u0026quot; response could also reflect specific lower-level spatial factors. Here we tested this idea in multiple functional MRI experiments, in humans and macaque monkeys, by systematically manipulating the spatial content of geometrical shapes and natural images. These tests revealed that visual spatial discontinuities (as reflected by an increased response to high spatial frequencies) selectively activate a well-known place-selective region of visual cortex (the \u0026quot;parahippocampal place area\u0026quot;) in humans. 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A cell&#39;s response to a grating of its optimum spatial frequency (f) was examined both alone and in the presence of gratings of 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2, 3 and 4f, respectively. Some 97% (thirty-seven of thirty-eight) of all simple cells showed significant inhibition of f by one or more of the other frequencies. This inhibition was usually fairly narrowly tuned, with only one or two spatial frequencies producing significant inhibition. Thirty-four simple cells were maximally inhibited by a higher frequency, three by a lower spatial frequency. By far the most common interaction was a considerable inhibition of f by 2f and/or 3f. Of the thirty-seven simple cells showing inhibition to a complex grating, seventeen responded in a manner dependent on the relative phases of the two components. Some showed only inhibition of f; in others, the response to f was either increased or...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b66b4242076e3967fdcb42d6eed89494" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":48188774,"asset_id":27900890,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48188774/download_file?st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQxMjEzNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="27900890"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27900890"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27900890; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27900890]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27900890]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27900890; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='27900890']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27900890, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b66b4242076e3967fdcb42d6eed89494" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=27900890]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":27900890,"title":"Spatial-frequency-specific inhibition in cat striate cortex cells","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Responses to single and multiple spatial frequency gratings were recorded from eighty-eight cat striate cortex cells. 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