CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Rebecca Vanders - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="LhX7VrNPHn2M8H0DCjD17ij3h8k9z6ABkVSaIH/5jqpmCYe3g8YigUCGdGd/vJw9yY01QclmkrqE+jmkrJfblw==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-1c712297ae3ac71207193b1bae0ecf1aae125886850f62c9c0139dd867630797.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="rebecca vanders" /> <meta name="description" content="Rebecca Vanders: 2 Followers, 1 Following, 4 Research papers. Research interests: Virus-Host Interactions, Influenza virus, and Dendritic Cells." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113468711,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277155693,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732424163000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732424163000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-9601d1cc3d68aa07c0a9901d03d3611aec04cc07d2a2039718ebef4ad4d148ca.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":67791335,"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vanders","page_name":"RebeccaVanders","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-08-31T19:28:48.402-07:00","display_name":"Rebecca Vanders","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png","has_photo":false,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":29373,"name":"Virus-Host Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus-Host_Interactions"},{"id":40279,"name":"Influenza virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus"},{"id":35539,"name":"Dendritic Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendritic_Cells"},{"id":31957,"name":"COPD (Pulmonary Research)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COPD_Pulmonary_Research_"},{"id":17856,"name":"Cell Signaling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Signaling"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders","location":"/RebeccaVanders","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/RebeccaVanders","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-fdbcbc7e-9732-4241-a4d0-c943c190101f"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-fdbcbc7e-9732-4241-a4d0-c943c190101f"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Rebecca Vanders</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Rebecca" data-follow-user-id="67791335" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="67791335"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">2</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-author</p><p class="data">1</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67791335" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus-Host_Interactions"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders","location":"/RebeccaVanders","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/RebeccaVanders","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Virus-Host Interactions"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-86c07f27-8870-409b-996b-6e94fc49793d"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-86c07f27-8870-409b-996b-6e94fc49793d"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67791335" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Influenza virus"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-dc3c5d88-bcdb-4d28-9e5f-45ccc846efc8"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-dc3c5d88-bcdb-4d28-9e5f-45ccc846efc8"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67791335" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendritic_Cells"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Dendritic Cells"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-cfea65b6-8bde-4945-acfb-1a069bdf84d2"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-cfea65b6-8bde-4945-acfb-1a069bdf84d2"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67791335" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COPD_Pulmonary_Research_"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["COPD (Pulmonary Research)"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-af208ae5-386c-4ece-8a7b-0c306e2de8d3"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-af208ae5-386c-4ece-8a7b-0c306e2de8d3"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67791335" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Signaling"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Cell Signaling"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-35cb7b6d-4716-47f2-bacc-d2cbc8c938b8"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-35cb7b6d-4716-47f2-bacc-d2cbc8c938b8"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Rebecca Vanders</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34431203"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34431203/Maternal_Smoke_Exposure_Impairs_the_Long_Term_Fertility_of_Female_Offspring_in_a_Murine_Model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34431203/Maternal_Smoke_Exposure_Impairs_the_Long_Term_Fertility_of_Female_Offspring_in_a_Murine_Model">Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Biology of reproduction</span><span>, Jan 13, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The theory of fetal origins of adult disease was first proposed in 1989 and in the decades since,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The theory of fetal origins of adult disease was first proposed in 1989 and in the decades since, a wide range of other diseases from obesity to asthma have been found to originate in early development. As mammalian oocyte development begins in fetal life it has been suggested that environmental and lifestyle factors of the mother could directly impact the fertility of subsequent generations. Cigarette smoke is a known ovotoxicant in active smokers, yet disturbingly 13% of Australian and 12% of US women continue to smoke throughout pregnancy. The focus of our investigation was to characterize the adverse effects of smoking on ovary and oocyte quality in female offspring exposed in utero. Pregnant mice were nasally exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 wk throughout pregnancy/lactation and ovary and oocyte quality of the F1 (maternal smoke exposed) generation was examined. Neonatal ovaries displayed abnormal somatic cell proliferation and increased apoptosis leading to a reduction in fol...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34431203"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34431203"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34431203; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34431203]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34431203]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34431203; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34431203']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34431203, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34431203]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34431203,"title":"Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The theory of fetal origins of adult disease was first proposed in 1989 and in the decades since, a wide range of other diseases from obesity to asthma have been found to originate in early development. As mammalian oocyte development begins in fetal life it has been suggested that environmental and lifestyle factors of the mother could directly impact the fertility of subsequent generations. Cigarette smoke is a known ovotoxicant in active smokers, yet disturbingly 13% of Australian and 12% of US women continue to smoke throughout pregnancy. The focus of our investigation was to characterize the adverse effects of smoking on ovary and oocyte quality in female offspring exposed in utero. Pregnant mice were nasally exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 wk throughout pregnancy/lactation and ovary and oocyte quality of the F1 (maternal smoke exposed) generation was examined. Neonatal ovaries displayed abnormal somatic cell proliferation and increased apoptosis leading to a reduction in fol...","publication_date":{"day":13,"month":1,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Biology of reproduction"},"translated_abstract":"The theory of fetal origins of adult disease was first proposed in 1989 and in the decades since, a wide range of other diseases from obesity to asthma have been found to originate in early development. As mammalian oocyte development begins in fetal life it has been suggested that environmental and lifestyle factors of the mother could directly impact the fertility of subsequent generations. Cigarette smoke is a known ovotoxicant in active smokers, yet disturbingly 13% of Australian and 12% of US women continue to smoke throughout pregnancy. The focus of our investigation was to characterize the adverse effects of smoking on ovary and oocyte quality in female offspring exposed in utero. Pregnant mice were nasally exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 wk throughout pregnancy/lactation and ovary and oocyte quality of the F1 (maternal smoke exposed) generation was examined. Neonatal ovaries displayed abnormal somatic cell proliferation and increased apoptosis leading to a reduction in fol...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34431203/Maternal_Smoke_Exposure_Impairs_the_Long_Term_Fertility_of_Female_Offspring_in_a_Murine_Model","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-08-31T19:29:02.114-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":67791335,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":30181996,"work_id":34431203,"tagging_user_id":67791335,"tagged_user_id":40230389,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***i@newcastle.edu.au","affiliation":"University of Melbourne","display_order":0,"name":"Andrew Jarnicki","title":"Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model"},{"id":30181997,"work_id":34431203,"tagging_user_id":67791335,"tagged_user_id":33207072,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"e***n@newcastle.edu.au","display_order":4194304,"name":"E. McLaughlin","title":"Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model"},{"id":30181998,"work_id":34431203,"tagging_user_id":67791335,"tagged_user_id":48367419,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"e***t@newcastle.edu.au","display_order":6291456,"name":"Emma Beckett","title":"Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Maternal_Smoke_Exposure_Impairs_the_Long_Term_Fertility_of_Female_Offspring_in_a_Murine_Model","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":67791335,"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vanders","page_name":"RebeccaVanders","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-08-31T19:28:48.402-07:00","display_name":"Rebecca Vanders","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":8954,"name":"Fertility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertility"},{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":203643,"name":"Smoke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smoke"},{"id":306957,"name":"Ovarian Follicle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovarian_Follicle"},{"id":869175,"name":"Ovary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovary"},{"id":956315,"name":"Oocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oocytes"},{"id":1799766,"name":"Biology Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology_Reproduction"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Exposure"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34051096"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051096/CD8_T_cells_and_dendritic_cells_key_players_in_the_attenuated_maternal_immune_response_to_influenza_infection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of CD8 T cells and dendritic cells: key players in the attenuated maternal immune response to influenza infection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051096/CD8_T_cells_and_dendritic_cells_key_players_in_the_attenuated_maternal_immune_response_to_influenza_infection">CD8 T cells and dendritic cells: key players in the attenuated maternal immune response to influenza infection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark">Peter Wark</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders">Rebecca Vanders</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of reproductive immunology</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pregnancy provides a unique challenge for maternal immunity, requiring the ability to tolerate th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pregnancy provides a unique challenge for maternal immunity, requiring the ability to tolerate the presence of a semi-allogeneic foetus, and yet still being capable of inducing an immune response against invading pathogens. To achieve this, numerous changes must occur in the activity and function of maternal immune cells throughout the course of pregnancy. Respiratory viruses take advantage of these changes, altering the sensitive balance of maternal immunity, leaving the mother with increased susceptibility to viral infections and increased disease severity. Influenza virus is one of the most common respiratory virus infections during pregnancy, leading to an increased risk of ICU hospitalisations, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Whilst much research has been performed to understand the changes that must take place in maternal immunity during pregnancy, considerable work is still needed to fully comprehend this tremendous feat. To date, few studies ha...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34051096"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34051096"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051096; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051096]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051096]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051096; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34051096']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34051096, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34051096]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34051096,"title":"CD8 T cells and dendritic cells: key players in the attenuated maternal immune response to influenza infection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Pregnancy provides a unique challenge for maternal immunity, requiring the ability to tolerate the presence of a semi-allogeneic foetus, and yet still being capable of inducing an immune response against invading pathogens. To achieve this, numerous changes must occur in the activity and function of maternal immune cells throughout the course of pregnancy. Respiratory viruses take advantage of these changes, altering the sensitive balance of maternal immunity, leaving the mother with increased susceptibility to viral infections and increased disease severity. Influenza virus is one of the most common respiratory virus infections during pregnancy, leading to an increased risk of ICU hospitalisations, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Whilst much research has been performed to understand the changes that must take place in maternal immunity during pregnancy, considerable work is still needed to fully comprehend this tremendous feat. To date, few studies ha...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of reproductive immunology"},"translated_abstract":"Pregnancy provides a unique challenge for maternal immunity, requiring the ability to tolerate the presence of a semi-allogeneic foetus, and yet still being capable of inducing an immune response against invading pathogens. To achieve this, numerous changes must occur in the activity and function of maternal immune cells throughout the course of pregnancy. Respiratory viruses take advantage of these changes, altering the sensitive balance of maternal immunity, leaving the mother with increased susceptibility to viral infections and increased disease severity. Influenza virus is one of the most common respiratory virus infections during pregnancy, leading to an increased risk of ICU hospitalisations, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Whilst much research has been performed to understand the changes that must take place in maternal immunity during pregnancy, considerable work is still needed to fully comprehend this tremendous feat. To date, few studies ha...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34051096/CD8_T_cells_and_dendritic_cells_key_players_in_the_attenuated_maternal_immune_response_to_influenza_infection","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:38:06.839-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":66766785,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29869990,"work_id":34051096,"tagging_user_id":66766785,"tagged_user_id":67791335,"co_author_invite_id":6454685,"email":"r***s@uon.edu.au","display_order":0,"name":"Rebecca Vanders","title":"CD8 T cells and dendritic cells: key players in the attenuated maternal immune response to influenza infection"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"CD8_T_cells_and_dendritic_cells_key_players_in_the_attenuated_maternal_immune_response_to_influenza_infection","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":66766785,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Wark","page_name":"PWark","domain_name":"newcastle-au","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:37:18.906-07:00","display_name":"Peter Wark","url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology"},{"id":35539,"name":"Dendritic Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendritic_Cells"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":178573,"name":"Reproductive Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Immunology"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Exposure"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34051088"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051088/Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_and_regulatory_cytokine_responses_in_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells_from_pregnant_women_with_asthma"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Alterations in inflammatory, antiviral and regulatory cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with asthma" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53989166/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051088/Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_and_regulatory_cytokine_responses_in_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells_from_pregnant_women_with_asthma">Alterations in inflammatory, antiviral and regulatory cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with asthma</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark">Peter Wark</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders">Rebecca Vanders</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Respirology</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d38ccbda9cefbced686195d77c18824f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53989166,"asset_id":34051088,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53989166/download_file?st=MTczMjQyNDE2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34051088"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34051088"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051088; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051088]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051088]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051088; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34051088']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34051088, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d38ccbda9cefbced686195d77c18824f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34051088]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34051088,"title":"Alterations in inflammatory, antiviral and regulatory cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with asthma","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Background \u0026 objective: Severe asthma exacerbations during pregnancy are a common complication leading to poor health outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Asthma exacerbations are caused most frequently by respiratory viruses. A balance between antiviral and inflammatory immune responses is critical during pregnancy; the balance may be altered by asthma and respiratory virus infection. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from (i) non-pregnant healthy controls, (ii) pregnant non-asthmatics, (iii) postpartum non-asthmatics, (iv) non-pregnant asthmatics (v) pregnant asthmatics, and (vi) post-partum asthmatics. Cells were cultured in vitro with the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin or with a strain of the 2009 pandemic swine influenza. Interferon (IFN)-g, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17 protein were measured from culture supernatant. Neutrophil counts were obtained in samples from pregnant and post-partum women. Results: Following the phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of PBMCs, pregnant asthmatics had significantly higher IL-17 and significantly lower IFN-g responses compared with healthy non-pregnant women. Following infection with influenza, a significant reduction was also observed in IFN-g and IL-10 production from PBMC of pregnant asthmatics. The IL-17 response to phytohaemagglutinin correlated with the neutrophil percentage. Differences in IFN-g, IL-10 and IL-17 were found to persist for at least 6 months post-partum. Conclusions: A reduction in antiviral and regulatory immunity with increased inflammation during pregnancy occurs in PBMC from pregnant women with asthma. This novel information may relate to the increased susceptibility and disease severity to respiratory virus infections observed during pregnancy.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Respirology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":53989166},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34051088/Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_and_regulatory_cytokine_responses_in_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells_from_pregnant_women_with_asthma","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:38:05.979-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":66766785,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29869989,"work_id":34051088,"tagging_user_id":66766785,"tagged_user_id":67791335,"co_author_invite_id":6454685,"email":"r***s@uon.edu.au","display_order":0,"name":"Rebecca Vanders","title":"Alterations in inflammatory, antiviral and regulatory cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with asthma"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53989166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53989166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Alterations_in_Inflammatory_Antiviral_an20170727-2857-osqkct.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53989166/download_file?st=MTczMjQyNDE2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53989166/Alterations_in_Inflammatory_Antiviral_an20170727-2857-osqkct-libre.pdf?1501159708=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAlterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1732427763\u0026Signature=Z2RXTEHXLPLVrO9P0CTNsKBBAFb82~AJYV9lqzK~QnnBNUsmZoqsM6o1RT51-twqf2XgVYLr6rjvtOCYL7IqOU6FhpN-w6yVPN78UZUkQFURerl5ZGVnq0cJaJPMKq6F4mFF5-F6d8JS2dOylVgIWPXKof4qxlEGuEYLo8Tly-mPQa09Sv9MGC6pshgnJ0odXwsZ93OZGQMxlqgezkXdaHM1xRWD5MHs6vdPVmASFcfmTUnW0cUPh60ejl2Q~9DlW1OxcBggNjwdvXnb083XwvtFDsGO6ZVYR~zWbmZEQqn-OjbhbzpjHjwgn0X1pBbWWoz7txesAwOjr~7-b8iPbQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_and_regulatory_cytokine_responses_in_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells_from_pregnant_women_with_asthma","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":66766785,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Wark","page_name":"PWark","domain_name":"newcastle-au","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:37:18.906-07:00","display_name":"Peter Wark","url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark"},"attachments":[{"id":53989166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53989166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Alterations_in_Inflammatory_Antiviral_an20170727-2857-osqkct.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53989166/download_file?st=MTczMjQyNDE2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53989166/Alterations_in_Inflammatory_Antiviral_an20170727-2857-osqkct-libre.pdf?1501159708=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAlterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1732427763\u0026Signature=Z2RXTEHXLPLVrO9P0CTNsKBBAFb82~AJYV9lqzK~QnnBNUsmZoqsM6o1RT51-twqf2XgVYLr6rjvtOCYL7IqOU6FhpN-w6yVPN78UZUkQFURerl5ZGVnq0cJaJPMKq6F4mFF5-F6d8JS2dOylVgIWPXKof4qxlEGuEYLo8Tly-mPQa09Sv9MGC6pshgnJ0odXwsZ93OZGQMxlqgezkXdaHM1xRWD5MHs6vdPVmASFcfmTUnW0cUPh60ejl2Q~9DlW1OxcBggNjwdvXnb083XwvtFDsGO6ZVYR~zWbmZEQqn-OjbhbzpjHjwgn0X1pBbWWoz7txesAwOjr~7-b8iPbQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines"},{"id":9968,"name":"Asthma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asthma"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":956026,"name":"Somatic Cell Count","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somatic_Cell_Count"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies"},{"id":1924712,"name":"Interleukin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interleukin"},{"id":2058663,"name":"Interferon gamma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interferon_gamma"},{"id":2201036,"name":"Respirology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respirology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34051081"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051081/Plasmacytoid_Dendritic_Cells_and_CD8_T_Cells_From_Pregnant_Women_Show_Altered_Phenotype_and_Function_Following_H1N1_09_Infection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and CD8 T Cells From Pregnant Women Show Altered Phenotype and Function Following H1N1/09 Infection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051081/Plasmacytoid_Dendritic_Cells_and_CD8_T_Cells_From_Pregnant_Women_Show_Altered_Phenotype_and_Function_Following_H1N1_09_Infection">Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and CD8 T Cells From Pregnant Women Show Altered Phenotype and Function Following H1N1/09 Infection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark">Peter Wark</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders">Rebecca Vanders</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pregnant women are a high-risk group during influenza pandemics. In this study we determined whet...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pregnant women are a high-risk group during influenza pandemics. In this study we determined whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD8 T cells from pregnant women display altered activity following in vitro infection with 2009 pandemic swine influenza (H1N1/09). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pregnant (n = 26) and nonpregnant (n = 28) women. DC subtypes were enumerated from PBMCs. PBMCs were infected with H1N1/09 and CD86, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and programmed death ligand 1/2 (PDL1/2) measured on pDCs. PD receptor 1 (PD1) was measured on CD8 T cells. Interferon-alpha (IFN-伪), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF伪), and IFN-gamma were measured from culture supernatant. pDC (ie, CD303(+)/CD1c(-) PBMCs) percentages were lower in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, pDCs from pregnant women showed higher expression of CD86 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), HLA-DR (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001), and PDL1 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001) compared with nonpregnant women. Expression of PD1 on CD8 T cells was higher during pregnancy (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, PBMCs from pregnant women displayed reduced IFN-伪 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), IL-2 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), and IFN-纬 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01) compared with nonpregnant women. Blocking PDL1 during H1N1/09 infection increased these cytokines during pregnancy (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Altered maternal cellular antiviral activity is implicated in the increased morbidity during pregnancy following influenza pandemics.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34051081"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34051081"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051081; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051081]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051081]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051081; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34051081']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34051081, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34051081]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34051081,"title":"Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and CD8 T Cells From Pregnant Women Show Altered Phenotype and Function Following H1N1/09 Infection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Pregnant women are a high-risk group during influenza pandemics. In this study we determined whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD8 T cells from pregnant women display altered activity following in vitro infection with 2009 pandemic swine influenza (H1N1/09). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pregnant (n = 26) and nonpregnant (n = 28) women. DC subtypes were enumerated from PBMCs. PBMCs were infected with H1N1/09 and CD86, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and programmed death ligand 1/2 (PDL1/2) measured on pDCs. PD receptor 1 (PD1) was measured on CD8 T cells. Interferon-alpha (IFN-伪), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF伪), and IFN-gamma were measured from culture supernatant. pDC (ie, CD303(+)/CD1c(-) PBMCs) percentages were lower in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, pDCs from pregnant women showed higher expression of CD86 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), HLA-DR (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001), and PDL1 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001) compared with nonpregnant women. Expression of PD1 on CD8 T cells was higher during pregnancy (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, PBMCs from pregnant women displayed reduced IFN-伪 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), IL-2 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), and IFN-纬 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01) compared with nonpregnant women. Blocking PDL1 during H1N1/09 infection increased these cytokines during pregnancy (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Altered maternal cellular antiviral activity is implicated in the increased morbidity during pregnancy following influenza pandemics.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},"translated_abstract":"Pregnant women are a high-risk group during influenza pandemics. In this study we determined whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD8 T cells from pregnant women display altered activity following in vitro infection with 2009 pandemic swine influenza (H1N1/09). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pregnant (n = 26) and nonpregnant (n = 28) women. DC subtypes were enumerated from PBMCs. PBMCs were infected with H1N1/09 and CD86, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and programmed death ligand 1/2 (PDL1/2) measured on pDCs. PD receptor 1 (PD1) was measured on CD8 T cells. Interferon-alpha (IFN-伪), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF伪), and IFN-gamma were measured from culture supernatant. pDC (ie, CD303(+)/CD1c(-) PBMCs) percentages were lower in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, pDCs from pregnant women showed higher expression of CD86 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), HLA-DR (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001), and PDL1 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001) compared with nonpregnant women. Expression of PD1 on CD8 T cells was higher during pregnancy (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, PBMCs from pregnant women displayed reduced IFN-伪 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), IL-2 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), and IFN-纬 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01) compared with nonpregnant women. Blocking PDL1 during H1N1/09 infection increased these cytokines during pregnancy (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Altered maternal cellular antiviral activity is implicated in the increased morbidity during pregnancy following influenza pandemics.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34051081/Plasmacytoid_Dendritic_Cells_and_CD8_T_Cells_From_Pregnant_Women_Show_Altered_Phenotype_and_Function_Following_H1N1_09_Infection","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:38:05.170-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":66766785,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29869991,"work_id":34051081,"tagging_user_id":66766785,"tagged_user_id":67791335,"co_author_invite_id":6454685,"email":"r***s@uon.edu.au","display_order":0,"name":"Rebecca Vanders","title":"Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and CD8 T Cells From Pregnant Women Show Altered Phenotype and Function Following H1N1/09 Infection"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Plasmacytoid_Dendritic_Cells_and_CD8_T_Cells_From_Pregnant_Women_Show_Altered_Phenotype_and_Function_Following_H1N1_09_Infection","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":66766785,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Wark","page_name":"PWark","domain_name":"newcastle-au","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:37:18.906-07:00","display_name":"Peter Wark","url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines"},{"id":17960,"name":"Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases"},{"id":35539,"name":"Dendritic Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendritic_Cells"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":486566,"name":"Pregnant Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnant_Women"},{"id":571886,"name":"Immunophenotyping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunophenotyping"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="7388951" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34431203"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34431203/Maternal_Smoke_Exposure_Impairs_the_Long_Term_Fertility_of_Female_Offspring_in_a_Murine_Model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34431203/Maternal_Smoke_Exposure_Impairs_the_Long_Term_Fertility_of_Female_Offspring_in_a_Murine_Model">Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Biology of reproduction</span><span>, Jan 13, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The theory of fetal origins of adult disease was first proposed in 1989 and in the decades since,...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The theory of fetal origins of adult disease was first proposed in 1989 and in the decades since, a wide range of other diseases from obesity to asthma have been found to originate in early development. As mammalian oocyte development begins in fetal life it has been suggested that environmental and lifestyle factors of the mother could directly impact the fertility of subsequent generations. Cigarette smoke is a known ovotoxicant in active smokers, yet disturbingly 13% of Australian and 12% of US women continue to smoke throughout pregnancy. The focus of our investigation was to characterize the adverse effects of smoking on ovary and oocyte quality in female offspring exposed in utero. Pregnant mice were nasally exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 wk throughout pregnancy/lactation and ovary and oocyte quality of the F1 (maternal smoke exposed) generation was examined. Neonatal ovaries displayed abnormal somatic cell proliferation and increased apoptosis leading to a reduction in fol...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34431203"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34431203"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34431203; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34431203]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34431203]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34431203; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34431203']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34431203, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34431203]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34431203,"title":"Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The theory of fetal origins of adult disease was first proposed in 1989 and in the decades since, a wide range of other diseases from obesity to asthma have been found to originate in early development. As mammalian oocyte development begins in fetal life it has been suggested that environmental and lifestyle factors of the mother could directly impact the fertility of subsequent generations. Cigarette smoke is a known ovotoxicant in active smokers, yet disturbingly 13% of Australian and 12% of US women continue to smoke throughout pregnancy. The focus of our investigation was to characterize the adverse effects of smoking on ovary and oocyte quality in female offspring exposed in utero. Pregnant mice were nasally exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 wk throughout pregnancy/lactation and ovary and oocyte quality of the F1 (maternal smoke exposed) generation was examined. Neonatal ovaries displayed abnormal somatic cell proliferation and increased apoptosis leading to a reduction in fol...","publication_date":{"day":13,"month":1,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Biology of reproduction"},"translated_abstract":"The theory of fetal origins of adult disease was first proposed in 1989 and in the decades since, a wide range of other diseases from obesity to asthma have been found to originate in early development. As mammalian oocyte development begins in fetal life it has been suggested that environmental and lifestyle factors of the mother could directly impact the fertility of subsequent generations. Cigarette smoke is a known ovotoxicant in active smokers, yet disturbingly 13% of Australian and 12% of US women continue to smoke throughout pregnancy. The focus of our investigation was to characterize the adverse effects of smoking on ovary and oocyte quality in female offspring exposed in utero. Pregnant mice were nasally exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 wk throughout pregnancy/lactation and ovary and oocyte quality of the F1 (maternal smoke exposed) generation was examined. Neonatal ovaries displayed abnormal somatic cell proliferation and increased apoptosis leading to a reduction in fol...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34431203/Maternal_Smoke_Exposure_Impairs_the_Long_Term_Fertility_of_Female_Offspring_in_a_Murine_Model","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-08-31T19:29:02.114-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":67791335,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":30181996,"work_id":34431203,"tagging_user_id":67791335,"tagged_user_id":40230389,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"a***i@newcastle.edu.au","affiliation":"University of Melbourne","display_order":0,"name":"Andrew Jarnicki","title":"Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model"},{"id":30181997,"work_id":34431203,"tagging_user_id":67791335,"tagged_user_id":33207072,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"e***n@newcastle.edu.au","display_order":4194304,"name":"E. McLaughlin","title":"Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model"},{"id":30181998,"work_id":34431203,"tagging_user_id":67791335,"tagged_user_id":48367419,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"e***t@newcastle.edu.au","display_order":6291456,"name":"Emma Beckett","title":"Maternal Smoke Exposure Impairs the Long Term Fertility of Female Offspring in a Murine Model"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Maternal_Smoke_Exposure_Impairs_the_Long_Term_Fertility_of_Female_Offspring_in_a_Murine_Model","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":67791335,"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Vanders","page_name":"RebeccaVanders","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2017-08-31T19:28:48.402-07:00","display_name":"Rebecca Vanders","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":8954,"name":"Fertility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertility"},{"id":14292,"name":"Oxidative Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_Stress"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":203643,"name":"Smoke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smoke"},{"id":306957,"name":"Ovarian Follicle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovarian_Follicle"},{"id":869175,"name":"Ovary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovary"},{"id":956315,"name":"Oocytes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oocytes"},{"id":1799766,"name":"Biology Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology_Reproduction"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Exposure"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34051096"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051096/CD8_T_cells_and_dendritic_cells_key_players_in_the_attenuated_maternal_immune_response_to_influenza_infection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of CD8 T cells and dendritic cells: key players in the attenuated maternal immune response to influenza infection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051096/CD8_T_cells_and_dendritic_cells_key_players_in_the_attenuated_maternal_immune_response_to_influenza_infection">CD8 T cells and dendritic cells: key players in the attenuated maternal immune response to influenza infection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark">Peter Wark</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders">Rebecca Vanders</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of reproductive immunology</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pregnancy provides a unique challenge for maternal immunity, requiring the ability to tolerate th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pregnancy provides a unique challenge for maternal immunity, requiring the ability to tolerate the presence of a semi-allogeneic foetus, and yet still being capable of inducing an immune response against invading pathogens. To achieve this, numerous changes must occur in the activity and function of maternal immune cells throughout the course of pregnancy. Respiratory viruses take advantage of these changes, altering the sensitive balance of maternal immunity, leaving the mother with increased susceptibility to viral infections and increased disease severity. Influenza virus is one of the most common respiratory virus infections during pregnancy, leading to an increased risk of ICU hospitalisations, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Whilst much research has been performed to understand the changes that must take place in maternal immunity during pregnancy, considerable work is still needed to fully comprehend this tremendous feat. To date, few studies ha...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34051096"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34051096"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051096; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051096]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051096]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051096; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34051096']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34051096, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34051096]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34051096,"title":"CD8 T cells and dendritic cells: key players in the attenuated maternal immune response to influenza infection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Pregnancy provides a unique challenge for maternal immunity, requiring the ability to tolerate the presence of a semi-allogeneic foetus, and yet still being capable of inducing an immune response against invading pathogens. To achieve this, numerous changes must occur in the activity and function of maternal immune cells throughout the course of pregnancy. Respiratory viruses take advantage of these changes, altering the sensitive balance of maternal immunity, leaving the mother with increased susceptibility to viral infections and increased disease severity. Influenza virus is one of the most common respiratory virus infections during pregnancy, leading to an increased risk of ICU hospitalisations, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Whilst much research has been performed to understand the changes that must take place in maternal immunity during pregnancy, considerable work is still needed to fully comprehend this tremendous feat. To date, few studies ha...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of reproductive immunology"},"translated_abstract":"Pregnancy provides a unique challenge for maternal immunity, requiring the ability to tolerate the presence of a semi-allogeneic foetus, and yet still being capable of inducing an immune response against invading pathogens. To achieve this, numerous changes must occur in the activity and function of maternal immune cells throughout the course of pregnancy. Respiratory viruses take advantage of these changes, altering the sensitive balance of maternal immunity, leaving the mother with increased susceptibility to viral infections and increased disease severity. Influenza virus is one of the most common respiratory virus infections during pregnancy, leading to an increased risk of ICU hospitalisations, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death. Whilst much research has been performed to understand the changes that must take place in maternal immunity during pregnancy, considerable work is still needed to fully comprehend this tremendous feat. To date, few studies ha...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34051096/CD8_T_cells_and_dendritic_cells_key_players_in_the_attenuated_maternal_immune_response_to_influenza_infection","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:38:06.839-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":66766785,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29869990,"work_id":34051096,"tagging_user_id":66766785,"tagged_user_id":67791335,"co_author_invite_id":6454685,"email":"r***s@uon.edu.au","display_order":0,"name":"Rebecca Vanders","title":"CD8 T cells and dendritic cells: key players in the attenuated maternal immune response to influenza infection"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"CD8_T_cells_and_dendritic_cells_key_players_in_the_attenuated_maternal_immune_response_to_influenza_infection","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":66766785,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Wark","page_name":"PWark","domain_name":"newcastle-au","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:37:18.906-07:00","display_name":"Peter Wark","url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology"},{"id":35539,"name":"Dendritic Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendritic_Cells"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":178573,"name":"Reproductive Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Immunology"},{"id":1878977,"name":"Maternal Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Exposure"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34051088"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051088/Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_and_regulatory_cytokine_responses_in_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells_from_pregnant_women_with_asthma"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Alterations in inflammatory, antiviral and regulatory cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with asthma" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53989166/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051088/Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_and_regulatory_cytokine_responses_in_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells_from_pregnant_women_with_asthma">Alterations in inflammatory, antiviral and regulatory cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with asthma</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark">Peter Wark</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders">Rebecca Vanders</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Respirology</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d38ccbda9cefbced686195d77c18824f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":53989166,"asset_id":34051088,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53989166/download_file?st=MTczMjQyNDE2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQyNDE2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34051088"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34051088"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051088; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051088]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051088]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051088; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34051088']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34051088, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d38ccbda9cefbced686195d77c18824f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34051088]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34051088,"title":"Alterations in inflammatory, antiviral and regulatory cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with asthma","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"Background \u0026 objective: Severe asthma exacerbations during pregnancy are a common complication leading to poor health outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Asthma exacerbations are caused most frequently by respiratory viruses. A balance between antiviral and inflammatory immune responses is critical during pregnancy; the balance may be altered by asthma and respiratory virus infection. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from (i) non-pregnant healthy controls, (ii) pregnant non-asthmatics, (iii) postpartum non-asthmatics, (iv) non-pregnant asthmatics (v) pregnant asthmatics, and (vi) post-partum asthmatics. Cells were cultured in vitro with the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin or with a strain of the 2009 pandemic swine influenza. Interferon (IFN)-g, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17 protein were measured from culture supernatant. Neutrophil counts were obtained in samples from pregnant and post-partum women. Results: Following the phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of PBMCs, pregnant asthmatics had significantly higher IL-17 and significantly lower IFN-g responses compared with healthy non-pregnant women. Following infection with influenza, a significant reduction was also observed in IFN-g and IL-10 production from PBMC of pregnant asthmatics. The IL-17 response to phytohaemagglutinin correlated with the neutrophil percentage. Differences in IFN-g, IL-10 and IL-17 were found to persist for at least 6 months post-partum. Conclusions: A reduction in antiviral and regulatory immunity with increased inflammation during pregnancy occurs in PBMC from pregnant women with asthma. This novel information may relate to the increased susceptibility and disease severity to respiratory virus infections observed during pregnancy.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Respirology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":53989166},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34051088/Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_and_regulatory_cytokine_responses_in_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells_from_pregnant_women_with_asthma","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:38:05.979-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":66766785,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29869989,"work_id":34051088,"tagging_user_id":66766785,"tagged_user_id":67791335,"co_author_invite_id":6454685,"email":"r***s@uon.edu.au","display_order":0,"name":"Rebecca Vanders","title":"Alterations in inflammatory, antiviral and regulatory cytokine responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women with asthma"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53989166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53989166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Alterations_in_Inflammatory_Antiviral_an20170727-2857-osqkct.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53989166/download_file?st=MTczMjQyNDE2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQyNDE2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53989166/Alterations_in_Inflammatory_Antiviral_an20170727-2857-osqkct-libre.pdf?1501159708=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAlterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1732427763\u0026Signature=Z2RXTEHXLPLVrO9P0CTNsKBBAFb82~AJYV9lqzK~QnnBNUsmZoqsM6o1RT51-twqf2XgVYLr6rjvtOCYL7IqOU6FhpN-w6yVPN78UZUkQFURerl5ZGVnq0cJaJPMKq6F4mFF5-F6d8JS2dOylVgIWPXKof4qxlEGuEYLo8Tly-mPQa09Sv9MGC6pshgnJ0odXwsZ93OZGQMxlqgezkXdaHM1xRWD5MHs6vdPVmASFcfmTUnW0cUPh60ejl2Q~9DlW1OxcBggNjwdvXnb083XwvtFDsGO6ZVYR~zWbmZEQqn-OjbhbzpjHjwgn0X1pBbWWoz7txesAwOjr~7-b8iPbQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_and_regulatory_cytokine_responses_in_peripheral_blood_mononuclear_cells_from_pregnant_women_with_asthma","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":66766785,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Wark","page_name":"PWark","domain_name":"newcastle-au","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:37:18.906-07:00","display_name":"Peter Wark","url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark"},"attachments":[{"id":53989166,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53989166/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Alterations_in_Inflammatory_Antiviral_an20170727-2857-osqkct.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53989166/download_file?st=MTczMjQyNDE2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjQyNDE2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Alterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_an.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53989166/Alterations_in_Inflammatory_Antiviral_an20170727-2857-osqkct-libre.pdf?1501159708=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAlterations_in_inflammatory_antiviral_an.pdf\u0026Expires=1732427763\u0026Signature=Z2RXTEHXLPLVrO9P0CTNsKBBAFb82~AJYV9lqzK~QnnBNUsmZoqsM6o1RT51-twqf2XgVYLr6rjvtOCYL7IqOU6FhpN-w6yVPN78UZUkQFURerl5ZGVnq0cJaJPMKq6F4mFF5-F6d8JS2dOylVgIWPXKof4qxlEGuEYLo8Tly-mPQa09Sv9MGC6pshgnJ0odXwsZ93OZGQMxlqgezkXdaHM1xRWD5MHs6vdPVmASFcfmTUnW0cUPh60ejl2Q~9DlW1OxcBggNjwdvXnb083XwvtFDsGO6ZVYR~zWbmZEQqn-OjbhbzpjHjwgn0X1pBbWWoz7txesAwOjr~7-b8iPbQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines"},{"id":9968,"name":"Asthma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asthma"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":956026,"name":"Somatic Cell Count","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somatic_Cell_Count"},{"id":1157148,"name":"Cell Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Survival"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies"},{"id":1924712,"name":"Interleukin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interleukin"},{"id":2058663,"name":"Interferon gamma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interferon_gamma"},{"id":2201036,"name":"Respirology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respirology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34051081"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051081/Plasmacytoid_Dendritic_Cells_and_CD8_T_Cells_From_Pregnant_Women_Show_Altered_Phenotype_and_Function_Following_H1N1_09_Infection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and CD8 T Cells From Pregnant Women Show Altered Phenotype and Function Following H1N1/09 Infection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34051081/Plasmacytoid_Dendritic_Cells_and_CD8_T_Cells_From_Pregnant_Women_Show_Altered_Phenotype_and_Function_Following_H1N1_09_Infection">Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and CD8 T Cells From Pregnant Women Show Altered Phenotype and Function Following H1N1/09 Infection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark">Peter Wark</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders">Rebecca Vanders</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Infectious Diseases</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pregnant women are a high-risk group during influenza pandemics. In this study we determined whet...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pregnant women are a high-risk group during influenza pandemics. In this study we determined whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD8 T cells from pregnant women display altered activity following in vitro infection with 2009 pandemic swine influenza (H1N1/09). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pregnant (n = 26) and nonpregnant (n = 28) women. DC subtypes were enumerated from PBMCs. PBMCs were infected with H1N1/09 and CD86, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and programmed death ligand 1/2 (PDL1/2) measured on pDCs. PD receptor 1 (PD1) was measured on CD8 T cells. Interferon-alpha (IFN-伪), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF伪), and IFN-gamma were measured from culture supernatant. pDC (ie, CD303(+)/CD1c(-) PBMCs) percentages were lower in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, pDCs from pregnant women showed higher expression of CD86 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), HLA-DR (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001), and PDL1 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001) compared with nonpregnant women. Expression of PD1 on CD8 T cells was higher during pregnancy (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, PBMCs from pregnant women displayed reduced IFN-伪 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), IL-2 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), and IFN-纬 (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01) compared with nonpregnant women. Blocking PDL1 during H1N1/09 infection increased these cytokines during pregnancy (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Altered maternal cellular antiviral activity is implicated in the increased morbidity during pregnancy following influenza pandemics.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34051081"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34051081"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051081; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051081]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34051081]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34051081; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='34051081']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34051081, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=34051081]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":34051081,"title":"Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and CD8 T Cells From Pregnant Women Show Altered Phenotype and Function Following H1N1/09 Infection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Pregnant women are a high-risk group during influenza pandemics. In this study we determined whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD8 T cells from pregnant women display altered activity following in vitro infection with 2009 pandemic swine influenza (H1N1/09). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pregnant (n = 26) and nonpregnant (n = 28) women. DC subtypes were enumerated from PBMCs. PBMCs were infected with H1N1/09 and CD86, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and programmed death ligand 1/2 (PDL1/2) measured on pDCs. PD receptor 1 (PD1) was measured on CD8 T cells. Interferon-alpha (IFN-伪), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF伪), and IFN-gamma were measured from culture supernatant. pDC (ie, CD303(+)/CD1c(-) PBMCs) percentages were lower in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, pDCs from pregnant women showed higher expression of CD86 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), HLA-DR (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001), and PDL1 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001) compared with nonpregnant women. Expression of PD1 on CD8 T cells was higher during pregnancy (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, PBMCs from pregnant women displayed reduced IFN-伪 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), IL-2 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), and IFN-纬 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01) compared with nonpregnant women. Blocking PDL1 during H1N1/09 infection increased these cytokines during pregnancy (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Altered maternal cellular antiviral activity is implicated in the increased morbidity during pregnancy following influenza pandemics.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},"translated_abstract":"Pregnant women are a high-risk group during influenza pandemics. In this study we determined whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD8 T cells from pregnant women display altered activity following in vitro infection with 2009 pandemic swine influenza (H1N1/09). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from pregnant (n = 26) and nonpregnant (n = 28) women. DC subtypes were enumerated from PBMCs. PBMCs were infected with H1N1/09 and CD86, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and programmed death ligand 1/2 (PDL1/2) measured on pDCs. PD receptor 1 (PD1) was measured on CD8 T cells. Interferon-alpha (IFN-伪), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF伪), and IFN-gamma were measured from culture supernatant. pDC (ie, CD303(+)/CD1c(-) PBMCs) percentages were lower in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, pDCs from pregnant women showed higher expression of CD86 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), HLA-DR (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001), and PDL1 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .001) compared with nonpregnant women. Expression of PD1 on CD8 T cells was higher during pregnancy (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Following H1N1/09 infection, PBMCs from pregnant women displayed reduced IFN-伪 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), IL-2 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01), and IFN-纬 (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .01) compared with nonpregnant women. Blocking PDL1 during H1N1/09 infection increased these cytokines during pregnancy (P \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; .05). Altered maternal cellular antiviral activity is implicated in the increased morbidity during pregnancy following influenza pandemics.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34051081/Plasmacytoid_Dendritic_Cells_and_CD8_T_Cells_From_Pregnant_Women_Show_Altered_Phenotype_and_Function_Following_H1N1_09_Infection","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:38:05.170-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":66766785,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":29869991,"work_id":34051081,"tagging_user_id":66766785,"tagged_user_id":67791335,"co_author_invite_id":6454685,"email":"r***s@uon.edu.au","display_order":0,"name":"Rebecca Vanders","title":"Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and CD8 T Cells From Pregnant Women Show Altered Phenotype and Function Following H1N1/09 Infection"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Plasmacytoid_Dendritic_Cells_and_CD8_T_Cells_From_Pregnant_Women_Show_Altered_Phenotype_and_Function_Following_H1N1_09_Infection","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":66766785,"first_name":"Peter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Wark","page_name":"PWark","domain_name":"newcastle-au","created_at":"2017-07-27T02:37:18.906-07:00","display_name":"Peter Wark","url":"https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/PWark"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":9111,"name":"Cytokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytokines"},{"id":17960,"name":"Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases"},{"id":35539,"name":"Dendritic Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dendritic_Cells"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":486566,"name":"Pregnant Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnant_Women"},{"id":571886,"name":"Immunophenotyping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunophenotyping"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "69cb76ec9e10cccd92897c14af177002d6a742c5cadf9389d825b23b51feb7cb", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="8PDKV/qwmNqUHHqMk9I5tgKjqLV4z5cA6phqsp7Q1V247La2yjmkJlhqc+jmXlBl49kaPYxmpbv/Nsk2Tb6AYA==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://independent.academia.edu/RebeccaVanders" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="9n4oNPWwQBYVeDXBQGLOpfCSC6szoHnYlOjVn40tVL++YlTVxTl86tkOPKU17qd2Eei5I8cJS2OBRnYbXkMBgg==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>