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Technological apartheid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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ns-subject page-Technological_apartheid skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Technological apartheid</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><p><b>Technological apartheid</b> is the denial of useful modern technologies to <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a> or <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_nations" title="Developing nations" class="mw-redirect">Developing nations</a>. The term is based upon the <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> expression <i><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></i>, which refers to the practice of keeping certain populations in a separate, lower-class status. It has been used to describe situations that are unintended, such as the absence of computers and <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a> in the <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favela" title="Favela">favelas</a> of <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> or other impoverished areas.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The term also applies to the deliberate denial of technology for <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a> or <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">neocolonialist</a> reasons. The government of <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> has characterized the efforts by Western governments to deny <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear</a> technology to Iran as Technological Apartheid.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Some of the technologies in question are <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-use_technologies" title="Dual-use technologies" class="mw-redirect">dual-use technologies</a>, advanced technologies which can have both civilian and military applications.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Some commentators allege that the issue of dual-use technologies is a <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignoratio_elenchi" title="Ignoratio elenchi">red herring</a>, and that some advanced-sector nations, who wish to keep the Third World nations as poor <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">Client states</a>, withhold technologies that are essential for <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">economic development</a>, using the pretext that they will be used for military purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Technological_apartheid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Daniela, Hart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319020607/http://proxied.changemakers.net/journal/00may/hart.cfm">"Combating Technological Apartheid in Brazilian Favelas"</a>. <i>changemakers.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2014</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnological+apartheid&rft.atitle=Combating+Technological+Apartheid+in+Brazilian+Favelas&rft.au=Daniela%2C+Hart&rft.aufirst=Hart&rft.aulast=Daniela&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproxied.changemakers.net%2Fjournal%2F00may%2Fhart.cfm&rft.jtitle=changemakers.net&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319020607/http://edition.presstv.ir/detail/14103.html">"Iran slates technological apartheid"</a>. <i>PressTV</i>. PressTV. 2007-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2014</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnological+apartheid&rft.atitle=Iran+slates+technological+apartheid&rft.date=2007-06-23&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.presstv.ir%2Fdetail%2F14103.html&rft.jtitle=PressTV&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319020607/http://www.iranatom.ru/news/english/version1/1/a649.htm">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" since August 2014">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Muller, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319020607/http://southmovement.alphalink.com.au/commentaries/partners.htm">"Partners not Wage workers"</a>. <i>Southmovement</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2014</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnological+apartheid&rft.atitle=Partners+not+Wage+workers&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.au=Muller%2C+David&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsouthmovement.alphalink.com.au%2Fcommentaries%2Fpartners.htm&rft.jtitle=Southmovement&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Subrahmanyam, K (2006-07-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319020607/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/costs-of-rejection/articleshow/1802791.cms">"Costs of rejection"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. The Times of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2014</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATechnological+apartheid&rft.atitle=Costs+of+rejection&rft.aufirst=K&rft.aulast=Subrahmanyam&rft.au=Subrahmanyam%2C+K&rft.date=2006-07-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fedit-page%2Fcosts-of-rejection%2Farticleshow%2F1802791.cms&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Technology" 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href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Buildings</a> and<br/> <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustical_engineering" title="Acoustical engineering">Acoustical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_engineering" title="Construction engineering">Construction engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_technology" title="Domestic technology">Domestic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facade_engineering" title="Facade engineering">Facade engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire protection engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_engineering" title="Safety engineering">Safety engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_engineering" title="Sanitary engineering">Sanitary engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_technology" title="Educational technology">Educational</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_software" title="Educational software">Educational software</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_technologies_in_education" title="Digital technologies in education" class="mw-redirect">Digital technologies in education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communication_technologies_in_education" title="Information and communication technologies in education" class="mw-redirect">ICT in education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_technology_on_the_educational_system" title="Impact of technology on the educational system" class="mw-redirect">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_learning" title="Multimedia learning" class="mw-redirect">Multimedia learning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_campus" title="Virtual campus">Virtual campus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_education" title="Virtual education" class="mw-redirect">Virtual education</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_technology" title="Energy technology">Energy</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_engineering" title="Nuclear engineering">Nuclear engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_technology" title="Nuclear technology">Nuclear technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_engineering" title="Petroleum engineering">Petroleum engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_energy_technology" title="Soft energy technology">Soft energy technology</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">Environmental</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_technology" title="Clean technology">Clean technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_coal_technology" title="Clean coal technology">Clean coal technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotechnology" title="Ecotechnology">Ecotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering_science" title="Environmental engineering science">Environmental engineering science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_building" title="Green building">Green building</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_nanotechnology" title="Green nanotechnology">Green nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_engineering" title="Landscape engineering">Landscape engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">Sustainable engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology" title="Industrial technology">Industrial</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation" title="Automation">Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_informatics" title="Business informatics">Business informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_management" title="Engineering management">Engineering management</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_engineering" title="Enterprise engineering">Enterprise engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_finance" title="Computational finance">Financial engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_biotechnology" title="Industrial biotechnology" class="mw-redirect">Industrial biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">Industrial engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_engineering" title="Mining engineering">Mining engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity_improving_technologies_(historical)" title="Productivity improving technologies (historical)">Productivity improving technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribology" title="Tribology">Tribology</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">IT and communications</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_engineering" title="Broadcast engineering">Broadcast engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_technology" title="Financial technology">Financial technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_technology" title="Music technology">Music technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_engineering" title="Ontology engineering">Ontology engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_engineering" title="RF engineering" class="mw-redirect">RF engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_engineering" title="Telecommunications engineering">Telecommunications engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_technology" title="Visual technology">Visual technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering" title="Web engineering">Web engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Military</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_engineering_maintenance" title="Army engineering maintenance">Army engineering maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_communications" title="Military communications">Military communications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_technology" title="Stealth technology">Stealth technology</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace_engineering" title="Aerospace engineering">Aerospace engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_engineering" title="Automotive engineering">Automotive engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_architecture" title="Naval architecture">Naval architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_technology" title="Space technology" class="mw-redirect">Space technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_engineering_(transportation)" title="Traffic engineering (transportation)">Traffic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_engineering" title="Transport engineering" class="mw-redirect">Transport engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_science" title="Applied science">applied sciences</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenics" title="Cryogenics">Cryogenics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-optics" title="Electro-optics">Electro-optics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_geology" title="Engineering geology">Engineering geology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering_physics" title="Engineering physics">Engineering physics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulics" title="Hydraulics">Hydraulics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">Materials science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfabrication" title="Microfabrication">Microfabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoengineering" title="Nanoengineering">Nanoengineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> <a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_engineering_branches" title="List of engineering branches">fields</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_engineering" title="Audio engineering" class="mw-redirect">Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_engineering" title="Biochemical engineering">Biochemical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_engineering" title="Ceramic engineering">Ceramic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_engineering" title="Polymer engineering">Polymer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_engineering" title="Control engineering">Control</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_engineering" title="Electronic engineering">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment_technology" title="Entertainment technology">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering" title="Geotechnical engineering">Geotechnical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering" title="Hydraulic engineering">Hydraulic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronics" title="Mechatronics">Mechatronics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_engineering" title="Optical engineering">Optical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_engineering" title="Protein engineering">Protein</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_technology" title="Quantum technology">Quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics" title="Robotics">Robotics</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animatronics" title="Animatronics">Animatronics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Components</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention" title="Invention">Invention</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_historic_inventions" title="Timeline of historic inventions">Timeline</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine" title="Machine">Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skill" title="Skill">Skill</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">Craft</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tool" title="Tool">Tool</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadget" title="Gadget">Gadget</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Scales</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtotechnology" title="Femtotechnology">Femtotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picotechnology" title="Picotechnology">Picotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology" title="Nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtechnology" title="Microtechnology">Microtechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro-engineering" title="Macro-engineering">Macro-engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megascale_engineering" title="Megascale engineering">Megascale engineering</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_technology" title="Ancient technology">Ancient technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" title="Medieval technology">Medieval technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_technology" title="Renaissance technology">Renaissance technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">Second</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Age" title="Jet Age">Jet Age</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Revolution" title="Digital Revolution">Digital Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_technology" title="Theories of technology">Theories</a> and<br/> concepts</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_technology" title="Critique of technology">Critique of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion_of_innovations" title="Diffusion of innovations">Diffusion of innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disruptive_innovation" title="Disruptive innovation">Disruptive innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-use_technology" title="Dual-use technology">Dual-use technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemeralization" title="Ephemeralization">Ephemeralization</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_technology" title="Ethics of technology">Ethics of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">High tech</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle" title="Hype cycle">Hype cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-technology" title="Low-technology" class="mw-redirect">Low-technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mature_technology" title="Mature technology">Mature technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_technology" title="Philosophy of technology">Philosophy of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategy_of_Technology" title="Strategy of Technology">Strategy of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technicism" title="Technicism">Technicism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocapitalism" title="Technocapitalism">Technocapitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocentrism" title="Technocentrism">Technocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technocriticism" title="Technocriticism">Technocriticism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoetic" title="Technoetic">Technoetic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoethics" title="Technoethics">Technoethics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technogaianism" title="Technogaianism">Technogaianism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_alliance" title="Technological alliance">Technological alliance</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Technological apartheid</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_change" title="Technological change">Technological change</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_convergence" title="Technological convergence">Technological convergence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_determinism" title="Technological determinism">Technological determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_escalation" title="Technological escalation">Technological escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_evolution" title="Technological evolution">Technological evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_fix" title="Technological fix">Technological fix</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_innovation_system" title="Technological innovation system">Technological innovation system</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_momentum" title="Technological momentum">Technological momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_nationalism" title="Technological nationalism">Technological nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_paradigm" title="Technological paradigm">Technological paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_rationality" title="Technological rationality">Technological rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_revival" title="Technological revival">Technological revival</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_revolution" title="Technological revolution">Technological revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_self-efficacy" title="Technological self-efficacy">Technological self-efficacy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singularitarianism" title="Singularitarianism">Singularitarianism</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_somnambulism" title="Technological somnambulism">Technological somnambulism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_transitions" title="Technological transitions">Technological transitions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_unemployment" title="Technological unemployment">Technological unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_utopianism" title="Technological utopianism">Technological utopianism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_lifecycle" title="Technology lifecycle" class="mw-redirect">Technology lifecycle</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_acceptance_model" title="Technology acceptance model">Technology acceptance model</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_lifecycle" title="Technology adoption lifecycle">Technology adoption lifecycle</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technomancy" title="Technomancy">Technomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technorealism" title="Technorealism">Technorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoromanticism" title="Technoromanticism">Technoromanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoscience" title="Technoscience">Technoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_technologies" title="Emerging technologies">Emerging technologies</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emerging_technologies" title="List of emerging technologies">List</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictional_technology" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technopaganism" title="Technopaganism">Technopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:High-technology_business_districts" title="Category:High-technology business districts">High-technology business districts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale" title="Kardashev scale">Kardashev scale</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_technologies" title="List of technologies">List of technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_technology" title="Platform technology">Platform technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology_and_society" title="Science, technology and society">Science, technology and society</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_dynamics" title="Technology dynamics">Technology dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_by_country" title="Category:Science and technology by country">Science and technology by country</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEM_fields" title="STEM fields">STEM fields</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-STEM" title="Pre-STEM">Pre-STEM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_STEM_fields" title="Women in STEM fields">women</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEAM_fields" title="STEAM fields">STEAM fields</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_alignment" title="Technology alignment">Technology alignment</a></li> <li><a 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href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_evangelist" title="Technology evangelist">Technology evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_fusion" title="Technology fusion">Technology fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_governance" title="Technology governance">Technology governance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_integration" title="Technology integration">Technology integration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_management" title="Technology management">Technology management</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_museum" title="Technology museum">Technology museum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_policy" title="Technology policy">Technology policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_shock" title="Technology shock">Technology shock</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_strategy" title="Technology strategy">Technology strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_and_society" title="Technology and society">Technology and society</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_transfer" title="Technology transfer">Technology transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technophilia" title="Technophilia">Technophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technophobia" title="Technophobia">Technophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technoself" title="Technoself">Technoself</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technosexual" title="Technosexual">Technosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technosignature" title="Technosignature">Technosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technostress" title="Technostress">Technostress</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terotechnology" title="Terotechnology">Terotechnology</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"> <div> <ul> <li><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319020607im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" title="Wikipedia book" width="16" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319020607im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319020607im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/> <b><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Technology" title="Book:Technology">Book</a></b></li> <li><img alt="Category" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319020607im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319020607im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Technology">Commons</a></b></li> <li><img alt="Portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319020607im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319020607im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319020607im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28"/> <b><a href="/web/20150319020607/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Portal</a></b></li> <li><img alt="Wikiquote page" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319020607im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" title="Wikiquote page" width="13" height="16" 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