CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering","20150319100531","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1426759531"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Web engineering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.25wmf21"/> <link rel="alternate" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit"/> <link rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/favicon/wikipedia.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering"/> <link rel="copyright" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531cs_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.DRN-wizard%2CReferenceTooltips%2Ccharinsert%2Cfeatured-articles-links%2CrefToolbar%2Cswitcher%2Cteahouse%7Cext.rtlcite%2Cwikihiero%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.nojs%7Cext.visualEditor.viewPageTarget.noscript%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector&*"/> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531cs_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site&only=styles&skin=vector&*"/> <style>a:lang(ar),a:lang(kk-arab),a:lang(mzn),a:lang(ps),a:lang(ur){text-decoration:none} /* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:3904d24a08aa08f6a68dc338f9be277e */</style> <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531js_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=vector&*"></script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Web_engineering","wgTitle":"Web engineering","wgCurRevisionId":650250366,"wgRevisionId":650250366,"wgArticleId":1252448,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Web development","Software engineering"],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Web_engineering","wgRelevantArticleId":1252448,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgWikiEditorEnabledModules":{"toolbar":true,"dialogs":true,"hidesig":true,"preview":false,"publish":false},"wgBetaFeaturesFeatures":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr"},"wikilove-recipient":"","wikilove-anon":0,"wgPoweredByHHVM":true,"wgULSAcceptLanguageList":["en-us","en"],"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1,"quality":2,"pristine":3}}},"wgStableRevisionId":null,"wgCategoryTreePageCategoryOptions":"{\"mode\":0,\"hideprefix\":20,\"showcount\":true,\"namespaces\":false}","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1196135"}); }</script><script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.implement("user.options",function($,jQuery){mw.user.options.set({"variant":"en"});},{},{},{});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens",function($,jQuery){mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\"});},{},{},{}); /* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-js:7:94007ea073e20ad4a3cdce36b2f2e369 */ }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.legacy.ajax","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.imageMetrics.head","ext.visualEditor.viewPageTarget.init","ext.uls.init","ext.uls.interface","ext.centralNotice.bannerController","skins.vector.js"]); }</script> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://meta.wikimedia.org/"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Web_engineering skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Web engineering</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><p>The <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> has become a major delivery platform for a variety of complex and sophisticated enterprise applications in several domains. In addition to their inherent multifaceted functionality, these Web applications exhibit complex behavior and place some unique demands on their usability, performance, security and ability to grow and evolve. However, a vast majority of these applications continue to be developed in an ad-hoc way, contributing to problems of usability, maintainability, quality and reliability.<sup id="cite_ref-ciabe_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciabe-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tangled_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tangled-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> While Web development can benefit from established practices from other related disciplines, it has certain distinguishing characteristics that demand special considerations. In recent years, there have been developments towards addressing these considerations.</p> <p>As an emerging discipline, <b>Web engineering</b> actively promotes systematic, disciplined and quantifiable approaches towards successful development of high-quality, ubiquitously usable Web-based systems and applications.<sup id="cite_ref-new-disc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-disc-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> In particular, Web engineering focuses on the methodologies, techniques and tools that are the foundation of Web application development and which support their design, development, evolution, and evaluation. Web application development has certain characteristics that make it different from traditional software, information system, or computer application development.</p> <p>Web engineering is multidisciplinary and encompasses contributions from diverse areas: <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysis_and_design" title="Systems analysis and design" class="mw-disambig">systems analysis and design</a>, software engineering, hypermedia/hypertext engineering, requirements engineering, human-computer interaction, user interface, information engineering, information indexing and retrieval, testing, modelling and simulation, project management, and graphic design and presentation. Web engineering is neither a clone, nor a subset of software engineering, although both involve programming and software development. While Web Engineering uses software engineering principles, it encompasses new approaches, methodologies, tools, techniques, and guidelines to meet the unique requirements of <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">Web-based applications</a>.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#As_a_discipline"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">As a discipline</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Modeling_disciplines"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Modeling disciplines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Design_disciplines.2C_tools_and_methods"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Design disciplines, tools and methods</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Implementation_disciplines"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Implementation disciplines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Testing_disciplines"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Testing disciplines</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Applications_categories_disciplines"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Applications categories disciplines</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Attributes"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Attributes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Web_quality"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Web quality</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Content-related"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Content-related</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Web_engineering_resources"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Web engineering resources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><a href="#As_a_discipline" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="As_a_discipline">As a discipline</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: As a discipline">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Proponents of Web engineering supported the establishment of Web engineering as a discipline at an early stage of Web. First Workshop on Web Engineering was held in conjunction with World Wide Web Conference held in Brisbane, Australia, in 1998. San Murugesan, Yogesh Deshpande, Steve Hansen and Athula Ginige, from University of Western Sydney, Australia formally promoted Web engineering as a new discipline in the first ICSE workshop on Web Engineering in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-new-disc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-disc-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Since then they published a series of papers in a number of journals, conferences and magazines to promote their view and got wide support. Major arguments for Web engineering as a new discipline are:</p> <ul> <li>Web-based Information Systems (WIS) development process is different and unique.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Web engineering is multi-disciplinary; no single discipline (such as software engineering) can provide complete theory basis, body of knowledge and practices to guide WIS development.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Issues of evolution and lifecycle management when compared to more 'traditional' applications.</li> <li>Web-based information systems and applications are pervasive and non-trivial. The prospect of Web as a platform will continue to grow and it is worth being treated specifically.</li> </ul> <p>However, it has been controversial, especially for people in other traditional disciplines such as software engineering, to recognize Web engineering as a new field. The issue is how different and independent Web engineering is, compared with other disciplines.</p> <p>Main topics of Web engineering include, but are not limited to, the following areas:</p> <h3><a href="#Modeling_disciplines" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Modeling_disciplines">Modeling disciplines</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modeling disciplines">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul> <li>Design Manufacturing of Steel Plant equipments</li> <li>Process Modelling of Web applications</li> <li>Requirements Engineering for Web applications</li> <li>B2B applications</li> </ul> <h3><a href="#Design_disciplines.2C_tools_and_methods" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Design_disciplines.2C_tools_and_methods">Design disciplines, tools and methods</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design disciplines, tools and methods">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a> and the Web</li> <li>Conceptual Modeling of Web Applications (aka. <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_modeling" title="Web modeling">Web modeling</a>)</li> <li>Prototyping Methods and Tools</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a> methods</li> <li>CASE Tools for Web Applications</li> <li>Web Interface Design</li> <li>Data Models for Web Information Systems</li> </ul> <h3><a href="#Implementation_disciplines" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Implementation_disciplines">Implementation disciplines</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Implementation disciplines">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul> <li>Integrated Web Application Development Environments</li> <li>Code Generation for Web Applications</li> <li>Software Factories for/on the Web</li> <li>Web 2.0, AJAX, E4X, ASP.NET, PHP and Other New Developments</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Service" title="Web Service" class="mw-redirect">Web Services</a> Development and Deployment</li> </ul> <h3><a href="#Testing_disciplines" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Testing_disciplines">Testing disciplines</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Testing disciplines">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul> <li>Testing and Evaluation of Web systems and Applications</li> <li>Testing Automation, Methods and Tools</li> </ul> <h3><a href="#Applications_categories_disciplines" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Applications_categories_disciplines">Applications categories disciplines</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Applications categories disciplines">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a> applications</li> <li>Ubiquitous and Mobile Web Applications</li> <li>Mobile Web Application Development</li> <li>Device Independent Web Delivery</li> <li>Localization and Internationalization Of Web Applications</li> </ul> <h2><a href="#Attributes" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Attributes">Attributes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Attributes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><a href="#Web_quality" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Web_quality">Web quality</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Web quality">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul> <li>Web Metrics, Cost Estimation, and Measurement</li> <li>Personalisation and Adaptation of Web applications</li> <li>Web Quality</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_usability" title="Web usability">Usability of Web Applications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_accessibility" title="Web accessibility">Web accessibility</a></li> <li>Performance of Web-based applications</li> </ul> <h3><a href="#Content-related" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Content-related">Content-related</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Content-related">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul> <li>Web Content Management</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">Multimedia</a> Authoring Tools and Software</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoring_of_adaptive_hypermedia" title="Authoring of adaptive hypermedia">Authoring of adaptive hypermedia</a></li> </ul> <h2><a href="#Education" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a>: Web Engineering as a branch of study within the MSc program Web Sciences at the <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler_University_Linz" title="Johannes Kepler University Linz" class="mw-redirect">Johannes Kepler University Linz</a>, Austria <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diploma in Web Engineering: Web Engineering as a study program at the International Webmasters College (iWMC), Germany <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <h2><a href="#See_also" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_modeling" title="Web modeling">Web modeling</a></li> </ul> <h2><a href="#References" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ciabe-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ciabe_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger S Pressman, "Can Internet Applications be Engineered?" IEEE Software, Vol. 15, No. 5, Sep/Oct 1998, pp 104-110</span></li> <li id="cite_note-tangled-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tangled_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger S Pressman, "What a Tangled Web we Weave," IEEE Software, Jan/Feb 2001, Vol. 18, No.1, pp 18-21</span></li> <li id="cite_note-new-disc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-new-disc_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-new-disc_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">San Murugesan, Yogesh Deshpande, Steve Hansen and Athula Ginige, "Web Engineering: A New Discipline for Development of Web-based Systems," Proceedings of the First International Conference of Software Engineering (ICSE) Workshop on Web Engineering, Los Angeles, USA, 1999. Also published in Web Engineering: Managing Diversity and Complexity of Web Application Development, San Murugesan and Yogesh Deshpande (Eds), LNCS 2016, Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2001Athula Ginige and San Murugesan, "Web Engineering: An Introduction," IEEE Multimedia, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2001, pp 14-18</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerti Kappel, Birgit Proll, Seiegfried, and Werner Retschitzegger, "An Introduction to Web Engineering," in Web Engineering, Gerti Kappel, et al. (eds.) John Wiley and Sons, Heidelberg, Germany, 2003</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yogesh Deshpande, and Steve Hansen, "Web Engineering: Creating Discipline among Disciplines," IEEE Multimedia, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2001, pp 81-86</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.jku.at/content/e262/e242/e2380/e131292">JKU » Webwissenschaften - Master</a>. Jku.at (2014-04-18). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.webmasters-college.com/en/academic-program/web-engineering/overview">iWMC » Academic Program - Web Engineering</a>. iWMC.at (2014-04-30). Retrieved on 2014-04-30.</span></li> </ol> <h2><a href="#Sources" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_L._Glass" title="Robert L. Glass">Robert L. Glass</a>, "Who's Right in the Web Development Debate?" Cutter IT Journal, July 2001, Vol. 14, No.7, pp 6–10.</li> <li>S. Ceri, P. Fraternali, A. Bongio, M. Brambilla, S. Comai, M. Matera. "Designing Data-Intensive Web Applications". Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, Dec 2002, <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1558608435" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-55860-843-5</a></li> </ul> <h3><a href="#Web_engineering_resources" class="mw-headline-anchor" aria-hidden="true" title="Link to this section">§</a><span class="mw-headline" id="Web_engineering_resources">Web engineering resources</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Web engineering resources">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl> <dt>Organizations</dt> </dl> <ul> <li>International Society for Web Engineering e.V.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.iswe-ev.de/">http://www.iswe-ev.de/</a></li> <li>Web Engineering Community: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.webengineering.org/">http://www.webengineering.org</a></li> <li>WISE Society: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.wisesociety.org/">http://www.wisesociety.org/</a></li> <li>ACM SIGWEB: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.acm.org/sigweb">http://www.acm.org/sigweb</a></li> <li>World Wide Web Consortium: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.w3.org/">http://www.w3.org</a></li> </ul> <dl> <dt>Books</dt> </dl> <ul> <li>"Engineering Web Applications", by Sven Casteleyn, Florian Daniel, Peter Dolog and Maristella Matera, Springer, 2009, <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540922001" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-540-92200-1</a></li> <li>"Handbook of Research on Web 2.0, 3.0, and X.0: Technologies, Business, and Social Applications", San Murugesan (Editor), Information Science Research, Hershey – New York, October 2009, <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781605663845" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-60566-384-5</a></li> <li>"Web Engineering: Modelling and Implementing Web Applications", edited by Gustavo Rossi, Oscar Pastor, Daniel Schwabe and Luis Olsina, Springer Verlag HCIS, 2007, <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781846289224" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84628-922-4</a></li> <li>"Cost Estimation Techniques for Web Projects", Emilia Mendes, IGI Publishing, <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781599041353" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-59904-135-3</a></li> <li>"Web Engineering - The Discipline of Systematic Development of Web Applications", edited by Gerti Kappel, Birgit Pröll, Siegfried Reich, and Werner Retschitzegger, John Wiley & Sons, 2006</li> <li>"Web Engineering", edited by Emilia Mendes and Nile Mosley, Springer-Verlag, 2005</li> <li>"Web Engineering: Principles and Techniques", edited by Woojong Suh, Idea Group Publishing, 2005</li> <li>"Building Web Applications with UML" (2nd edition), by Jim Conallen, Pearson Education, 2003</li> <li>"Information Architecture for the World Wide Web" (2nd edition), by Peter Morville and Louis Rosenfeld, O'Reilly, 2002</li> <li>"Web Site Engineering: Beyond Web Page Design", by Thomas A. Powell, David L. Jones and Dominique C. Cutts, Prentice Hall, 1998</li> <li>"Designing Data-Intensive Web Applications", by S. Ceri, P. Fraternali, A. Bongio, M. Brambilla, S. Comai, M. Matera. Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, Dec 2002, <a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1558608435" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-55860-843-5</a></li> </ul> <dl> <dt>Conferences</dt> </dl> <ul> <li>World Wide Web Conference (by IW3C2, since 1994): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.iw3c2.org/">http://www.iw3c2.org</a></li> <li>International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE) (since 2000) <ul> <li>2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.icwe2007.org/">http://www.icwe2007.org/</a></li> <li>2006: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.icwe2006.org/">http://www.icwe2006.org</a></li> <li>2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.icwe2005.org/">http://www.icwe2005.org</a></li> <li>2004: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.icwe2004.org/">http://www.icwe2004.org</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>ICWE Conference Proceedings <ul> <li>ICWE2007: LNCS 4607 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.springer.com/computer/database+management+&+information+retrieval/book/978-3-540-73596-0">http://www.springer.com/computer/database+management+&+information+retrieval/book/978-3-540-73596-0</a></li> <li>ICWE2005: LNCS 3579 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.springer.com/east/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=5-40109-22-58872076-0">http://www.springer.com/east/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=5-40109-22-58872076-0</a></li> <li>ICWE2004: LNCS 3140 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.springer.com/east/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=5-40109-22-32445543-0">http://www.springer.com/east/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=5-40109-22-32445543-0</a></li> <li>ICWE2003: LNCS 2722 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.springer.com/east/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=5-40109-22-3092664-0">http://www.springer.com/east/home/generic/search/results?SGWID=5-40109-22-3092664-0</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Web Information Systems Engineering Conference (by WISE Society, since 2000): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.wisesociety.org/">http://www.wisesociety.org/</a></li> <li>International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (WebIST) (since 2005): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.webist.org/">http://www.webist.org/</a></li> <li>International Workshop on Web Site Evolution (WSE): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.websiteevolution.org/">http://www.websiteevolution.org/</a></li> <li>International Conference on Software Engineering: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.icse-conferences.org/">http://www.icse-conferences.org/</a></li> </ul> <dl> <dt>Book chapters and articles</dt> </dl> <ul> <li>Murugesan,S and A.Ginige, A. "Web Engineering: Introduction and Perspectives", Chapter 1 in "Web Engineering: Principles and Techniques" (Suh, W. ed.), Idea Group Publishing, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.idea-group.com/downloads/excerpts/01%20Suh.pdf">http://www.idea-group.com/downloads/excerpts/01%20Suh.pdf</a></li> <li>Pressman, R.S., 'Applying Web Engineering', Part 3, Chapters 16-20, in Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Perspective, Sixth Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.rspa.com/'">http://www.rspa.com/'</a></li> <li>Zheng, G. "Web Engineering Overview: A Historical Perspective", in Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations, edited by Goran Putnik and Maria Cunha, IGI Global, 2008</li> </ul> <dl> <dt>Journals</dt> </dl> <ul> <li>Journal of Web Engineering: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.rintonpress.com/journals/jwe/">http://www.rintonpress.com/journals/jwe/</a></li> <li>International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=48">http://www.inderscience.com/browse/index.php?journalID=48</a></li> <li>ACM Transactions on Internet Technology: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://toit.acm.org/">http://toit.acm.org/</a></li> <li>World Wide Web (Springer): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://link.springer.com/journal/11280">http://link.springer.com/journal/11280</a></li> <li>Web coding journal: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.web-code.org/">http://www.web-code.org/</a></li> </ul> <dl> <dt>Special issues</dt> </dl> <ul> <li>Web Engineering, IEEE MultiMedia, Jan.–Mar. 2001 (Part 1) and April–June 2001 (Part 2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLPublication.jsp?pubtype=m&acronym=mu">http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLPublication.jsp?pubtype=m&acronym=mu</a></li> <li>Usability Engineering, IEEE Software, January–February 2001.</li> <li>Web Engineering, Cutter IT Journal, 14(7), July 2001.*</li> <li>Testing E-business Applications, Cutter IT Journal, September 2001.</li> <li>Engineering Internet Software, IEEE Software, March–April 2002.</li> <li>Usability and the Web, IEEE Internet Computing, March–April 2002.</li> </ul>    <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"/></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&oldid=650250366">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&oldid=650250366</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Web_development" title="Category:Web development">Web development</a></li><li><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Software_engineering" title="Category:Software engineering">Software engineering</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label"> <h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3> <ul> <li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Web+engineering&type=signup" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Web+engineering" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="left-navigation"> <div id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label"> <h3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</h3> <ul> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></span></li> <li id="ca-talk"><span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Web_engineering" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></span></li> </ul> </div> <div id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label"> <h3 id="p-variants-label"><span>Variants</span><a href="#"></a></h3> <div class="menu"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <div id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label"> <h3 id="p-views-label">Views</h3> <ul> <li id="ca-view" class="selected"><span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_engineering">Read</a></span></li> <li id="ca-edit"><span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=edit" title="You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></span></li> <li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><span><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=history" title="Past versions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></span></li> </ul> </div> <div id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label"> <h3 id="p-cactions-label"><span>More</span><a href="#"></a></h3> <div class="menu"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-search" role="search"> <h3> <label for="searchInput">Search</label> </h3> <form action="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php" id="searchform"> <div id="simpleSearch"> <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"/><input type="hidden" value="Special:Search" name="title"/><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" title="Search Wikipedia for this text" id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton"/><input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if one exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"><a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a></div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-navigation" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label"> <h3 id="p-navigation-label">Navigation</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li> <li id="n-contents"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li> <li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li> <li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li> <li id="n-randompage"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li> <li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-shoplink"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://shop.wikimedia.org/" title="Visit the Wikimedia Shop">Wikipedia Shop</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-interaction" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label"> <h3 id="p-interaction-label">Interaction</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="n-help"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li> <li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="n-portal"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li> <li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li> <li id="n-contactpage"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact page</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-tb" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label"> <h3 id="p-tb-label">Tools</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Web_engineering" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li> <li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Web_engineering" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li> <li id="t-upload"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li> <li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li> <li id="t-permalink"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&oldid=650250366" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li> <li id="t-info"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li> <li id="t-wikibase"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196135" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> <li id="t-cite"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Web_engineering&id=650250366" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-coll-print_export" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label"> <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label">Print/export</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="coll-create_a_book"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Web+engineering">Create a book</a></li> <li id="coll-download-as-rdf2latex"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Web+engineering&oldid=650250366&writer=rdf2latex">Download as PDF</a></li> <li id="t-print"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id="p-lang" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label"> <h3 id="p-lang-label">Languages</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Engineering" title="Web Engineering – German" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenier%C3%ADa_web" title="Ingeniería web – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8" title="مهندسی وب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%B9_%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="웹 공학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%B1_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Вэб инженерчлэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenharia_web" title="Engenharia web – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web-ohjelmistotekniikka" title="Web-ohjelmistotekniikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li> <li class="uls-p-lang-dummy"><a href="#"></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a action="edit" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196135#sitelinks-wikipedia" text="Edit links" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 7 March 2015, at 04:38.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel="license" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" title="wikimedia:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_engineering&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/images/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319100531im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation"/></a> </li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"> <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531/http://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.25wmf21/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319100531im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.25wmf21/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319100531im_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.25wmf21/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31"/></a> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <script>/*<![CDATA[*/window.jQuery && jQuery.ready();/*]]>*/</script><script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.state({"ext.globalCssJs.site":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","site":"loading","user":"ready","user.groups":"ready"}); }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.loader.load(["ext.cite","mediawiki.toc","mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.hidpi","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.searchSuggest","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.wikiEditor.init","ext.imageMetrics.loader","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging.subscriber","ext.wikimediaEvents.statsd","ext.navigationTiming","schema.UniversalLanguageSelector","ext.uls.eventlogger","ext.uls.interlanguage"],null,true); }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ document.write("\u003Cscript src=\"//bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false\u0026amp;lang=en\u0026amp;modules=site\u0026amp;only=scripts\u0026amp;skin=vector\u0026amp;*\"\u003E\u003C/script\u003E"); }</script> <script>if(window.mw){ mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":105,"wgHostname":"mw1218"}); }</script> </body> </html>