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id="toc-Work_on_unsolved_problems_in_physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_on_unsolved_problems_in_physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Work on unsolved problems in physics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_on_unsolved_problems_in_physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_End_of_Certainty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_End_of_Certainty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><i>The End of Certainty</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_End_of_Certainty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ilya_Prigogine_Prize_for_Thermodynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ilya_Prigogine_Prize_for_Thermodynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ilya Prigogine Prize for Thermodynamics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ilya_Prigogine_Prize_for_Thermodynamics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ilya Prigogine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="إيليا بريغوجين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيليا بريغوجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lya_Priqojin" title="İlya Priqojin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İlya Priqojin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ایلیا پریقوژین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایلیا پریقوژین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ইলিয়া প্রিগোজিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইলিয়া প্রিগোজিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Ілья Раманавіч Прыгожын – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ілья Раманавіч Прыгожын" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Иля Пригожин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иля Пригожин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ili%C3%A0_Prigogin" title="Ilià Prigogin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ilià Prigogin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Пригожин Илья Романович – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пригожин Илья Романович" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Prigogine" title="Ilja Prigogine – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ilja Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Ιλιά Πριγκόζιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιλιά Πριγκόζιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Prigogine" title="Ilja Prigogine – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ilja Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ایلیا پریگوژین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایلیا پریگوژین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%BC_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%84" title="일리야 프리고진 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일리야 프리고진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1_%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%AA%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Իլյա Պրիգոժին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իլյա Պրիգոժին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%96%27%D7%99%D7%9F" title="איליה פריגוז'ין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איליה פריגוז'ין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಲ್ಯಾ ಪ್ರಿಗೋಜಿನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಲ್ಯಾ ಪ್ರಿಗೋಜಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ილია პრიგოჟინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ილია პრიგოჟინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Илья Романович Пригожин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Илья Романович Пригожин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Prigogine" title="Elias Prigogine – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Elias Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C4%BCja_Prigo%C5%BEins" title="Iļja Prigožins – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iļja Prigožins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Prigo%C5%BEinas" title="Ilja Prigožinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ilja Prigožinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ილია პრიგოჟინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ილია პრიგოჟინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ايليا بريجوجين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايليا بريجوجين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ایلیا پریگوژین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایلیا پریگوژین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3" title="イリヤ・プリゴジン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イリヤ・プリゴジン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الیا پرگوگین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الیا پرگوگین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Пригожин, Илья Романович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пригожин, Илья Романович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Prigogine" title="Ilja Prigogine – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ilja Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%99%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Иља Пригожин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иља Пригожин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Илья Пригожин – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Илья Пригожин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Пригожин Ілля Романович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пригожин Ілля Романович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الیا پرگوگین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الیا پرگوگین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E9%AB%98%E6%B4%A5" title="伊利亚·普里高津 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊利亚·普里高津" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ilya Prigogine" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E9%AB%98%E6%B4%A5" title="伊利亚·普里高津 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊利亚·普里高津" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183509#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ilya Prigogine</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilya_Prigogine_1977c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ilya_Prigogine_1977c.jpg/220px-Ilya_Prigogine_1977c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ilya_Prigogine_1977c.jpg/330px-Ilya_Prigogine_1977c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Ilya_Prigogine_1977c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="577" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Prigogine in 1977</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ilya Romanovich Prigogine</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1917-01-25</span>)</span>25 January 1917<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 May 2003<span style="display:none">(2003-05-28)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> (1949—2003)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Brussels_(1834%E2%80%931969)" title="Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)">Free University of Brussels</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dissipative_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissipative structures">Dissipative structures</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Brusselator" title="Brusselator">Brusselator</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Non-equilibrium_thermodynamics" title="Non-equilibrium thermodynamics">Non-equilibrium thermodynamics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Hélène Jofé (m. 1945; son Yves Prigogine) Maria Prokopowicz (m. 1961; son Pascal Prigogine)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Prigogine" title="Alexandre Prigogine">Alexandre Prigogine</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francqui_Prize" title="Francqui Prize">Francqui Prize</a> <small>(1955)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Rumford_Medal" title="Rumford Medal">Rumford Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1976)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1977)</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">Physics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Brussels_(1834%E2%80%931969)" title="Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)">Free University of Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_libre_de_Bruxelles" title="Université libre de Bruxelles">Université libre de Bruxelles</a><br />International Solvay Institute<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas,_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas, Austin">University of Texas, Austin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder">Théophile de Donder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Bulsara" title="Adi Bulsara">Adi Bulsara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radu_B%C4%83lescu" title="Radu Bălescu">Radu Bălescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Clavin" title="Paul Clavin">Paul Clavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Friedmann" title="Harry Friedmann">Harry Friedmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Reichl" title="Linda Reichl">Linda Reichl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount</a> <b>Ilya Romanovich Prigogine</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ʒ/: 's' in 'pleasure'">ʒ</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Илья́ Рома́нович Приго́жин</span>; 25 January [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 12 January] 1917 – 28 May 2003) was a Belgian <a href="/wiki/Physical_chemistry" title="Physical chemistry">physical chemist</a> of Russian-Jewish origin, noted for his work on <a href="/wiki/Dissipative_system" title="Dissipative system">dissipative structures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Complex_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex systems">complex systems</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irreversibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreversibility">irreversibility</a>. </p><p>Prigogine's work most notably earned him the 1977 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Francqui_Prize" title="Francqui Prize">Francqui Prize</a> in 1955 and the <a href="/wiki/Rumford_Medal" title="Rumford Medal">Rumford Medal</a> in 1976. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_studies">Early life and studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prigogine was born in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> a few months before the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> of 1917, into a <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Ruvim (Roman) Abramovich Prigogine, was a <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> who studied at the <a href="/wiki/Bauman_Moscow_State_Technical_University" title="Bauman Moscow State Technical University">Imperial Moscow Technical School</a> and owned a soap factory; his mother, Yulia Vikhman, was a pianist who attended the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conservatory" title="Moscow Conservatory">Moscow Conservatory</a>. In 1921, the factory having been <a href="/wiki/War_communism" title="War communism">nationalized</a> by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Soviet_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union_(1917%E2%80%931927)" title="History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (1917–1927)">new Soviet regime</a> and the feeling of insecurity rising amidst the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">civil war</a>, the family left Russia. After a brief period in <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, they went to <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Germany</a> and settled in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>; 8 years later, due to the poor economic situation and the creeping emergence of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>, they moved on to <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, where Prigogine received Belgian nationality in 1949. His brother <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Prigogine" title="Alexandre Prigogine">Alexandre</a> (1913–1991) became an ornithologist.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a teenager, Prigogine was interested in music, history and archeology. He graduated from the <i>Athenée d'<a href="/wiki/Ixelles" title="Ixelles">Ixelles</a></i> in 1935, majoring in Greek and Latin. His parents encouraged him to become a lawyer, and he initially enrolled in law studies at the <a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Brussels_(1834%E2%80%931969)" title="Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)">Free University of Brussels</a>. At that time he developed an interest in <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Behavioural_sciences" title="Behavioural sciences">study of behavior</a>; in turn, reading about these subjects triggered an interest in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, as chemical processes impact the mind and body; this also triggered a more fundamental interest in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, as they explain chemistry. He ended up dropping out from the law faculty.<sup id="cite_ref-rene_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rene-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prigogine afterwards simultaneously enrolled in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Free_University_of_Brussels_(1834%E2%80%931969)" title="Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)">Free University of Brussels</a>, something he achieved with "uncommon success"; he earned the equivalent of a Master's degree in both disciplines in 1939, and a PhD in chemistry in 1941 under <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder">Théophile de Donder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rene_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rene-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career,_World_War_II"><span id="Early_career.2C_World_War_II"></span>Early career, World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career, World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He started his research career under the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War II">German occupation of Belgium</a>. From 1940 onwards he gave clandestine lectures to students. In 1941, the university formally closed to protest the forced appointment of <a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemish</a> pro-Nazi <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New Order</a> professors by the occupiers;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he continued giving clandestine lectures until the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Belgium" title="Liberation of Belgium">Liberation of Belgium</a> in 1944. During that time window he also published 21 articles. In 1943, Prigogine and his future wife Hélène Jofé were arrested by the Germans; after multiple interventions including by the <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Bavaria,_Queen_of_the_Belgians" title="Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of the Belgians">Queen Elisabeth</a>, they were eventually released a couple of weeks later.<sup id="cite_ref-rene_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rene-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_career">Later career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951, he became a full professor at his alma mater; at 34 years old, he was the youngest ever full professor at the science faculty in Brussels.<sup id="cite_ref-rene_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rene-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, he was appointed director of the <a href="/wiki/Solvay_Conference" title="Solvay Conference">International Solvay Institute</a> in Brussels, Belgium. In that year, he also started teaching at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, where he later was appointed Regental Professor and Ashbel Smith Professor of Physics and Chemical Engineering. From 1961 until 1966 he was affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi_Institute" title="Enrico Fermi Institute">Enrico Fermi Institute</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> and was a visiting professor at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Austin, in 1967, he co-founded the Center for Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics, now the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Complex_Quantum_Systems" title="Center for Complex Quantum Systems">Center for Complex Quantum Systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that year, he also returned to Belgium, where he became director of the Center for Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics. </p><p>He was a member of numerous scientific organizations, and received numerous awards, prizes and 53 honorary degrees. In 1955, Prigogine was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Francqui_Prize" title="Francqui Prize">Francqui Prize</a> for Exact Sciences. For his study in <a href="/wiki/Irreversibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreversibility">irreversible</a> <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>, he received the <a href="/wiki/Rumford_Medal" title="Rumford Medal">Rumford Medal</a> in 1976, and in 1977, the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of <a href="/wiki/Dissipative_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissipative structures">dissipative structures</a>". In 1989, he was awarded the title of <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">viscount</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_nobility" title="Belgian nobility">Belgian nobility</a> by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Belgians" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Belgians">King of the Belgians</a>. Until his death, he was president of the International Academy of Science, Munich and was in 1997, one of the founders of the International Commission on Distance Education (CODE), a worldwide accreditation agency.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prigogine received an Honorary Doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt University</a> in 1985<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1998 he was awarded an <i><a href="/wiki/Honoris_causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Honoris causa">honoris causa</a></i> doctorate by the <a href="/wiki/UNAM" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAM">UNAM</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>. </p><p>Prigogine was first married to Belgian poet Hélène Jofé (as an author also known as Hélène Prigogine) and in 1945 they had a son Yves. After their divorce, he married Polish-born <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemist</a> Maria Prokopowicz (also known as Maria Prigogine) in 1961. In 1970 they had a son, Pascal.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003 he was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the <a href="/wiki/Humanism_and_Its_Aspirations" title="Humanism and Its Aspirations">Humanist Manifesto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prigogine defined <a href="/wiki/Dissipative_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissipative structures">dissipative structures</a> and their role in <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_system" title="Thermodynamic system">thermodynamic systems</a> far from <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_equilibrium" title="Thermodynamic equilibrium">equilibrium</a>, a discovery that won him the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in Chemistry in 1977. In summary, Ilya Prigogine discovered that importation and dissipation of energy into chemical systems could result in the emergence of new structures (hence dissipative structures) due to internal self reorganization.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1955 text, Prigogine drew connections between dissipative structures and the <a href="/wiki/Rayleigh%E2%80%93B%C3%A9nard_convection" title="Rayleigh–Bénard convection">Rayleigh-Bénard instability</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Turing_pattern" title="Turing pattern">Turing mechanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissipative_structures_theory">Dissipative structures theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dissipative structures theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dissipative structure theory led to pioneering research in <a href="/wiki/Self-organizing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-organizing system">self-organizing systems</a>, as well as philosophical inquiries into the formation of complexity in biological entities and the quest for a creative and irreversible role of time in the <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural sciences</a>. </p><p>With professor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Herman" title="Robert Herman">Robert Herman</a>, he also developed the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Two_fluid_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Two fluid model">two fluid model</a>, a traffic model in <a href="/wiki/Traffic_engineering_(transportation)" title="Traffic engineering (transportation)">traffic engineering</a> for urban networks, analogous to the two fluid model in classical statistical mechanics. </p><p>Prigogine's formal concept of <a href="/wiki/Self-organization" title="Self-organization">self-organization</a> was used also as a "complementary bridge" between <a href="/wiki/General_Systems_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="General Systems Theory">general systems theory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a>, conciliating the cloudiness of some important systems theory concepts<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (December 2013)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> with scientific rigor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_on_unsolved_problems_in_physics">Work on unsolved problems in physics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Work on unsolved problems in physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Unsolved_problems_in_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsolved problems in physics">Unsolved problems in physics</a></div> <p>In his later years, his work concentrated on the fundamental role of <a href="/wiki/Indeterminism" title="Indeterminism">indeterminism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_dynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlinear dynamics">nonlinear systems</a> on both the <a href="/wiki/Classical_physics" title="Classical physics">classical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quantum_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum physics">quantum</a> level. Prigogine and coworkers proposed a <a href="/wiki/Liouville%27s_theorem_(Hamiltonian)" title="Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian)">Liouville space</a> extension of quantum mechanics. A Liouville space is the <a href="/wiki/Vector_space" title="Vector space">vector space</a> formed by the set of (self-adjoint) <a href="/wiki/Linear_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear operator">linear operators</a>, equipped with an inner product, that act on a <a href="/wiki/Hilbert_space" title="Hilbert space">Hilbert space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There exists a mapping of each linear operator into Liouville space, yet not every self-adjoint operator of Liouville space has a counterpart in Hilbert space, and in this sense Liouville space has a richer structure than Hilbert space.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liouville space extension proposal by Prigogine and co-workers aimed to solve the <a href="/wiki/Entropy_(arrow_of_time)#Current_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropy (arrow of time)">arrow of time problem</a> of thermodynamics and the <a href="/wiki/Measurement_problem" title="Measurement problem">measurement problem</a> of quantum mechanics.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prigogine co-authored several books with <a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Stengers" title="Isabelle Stengers">Isabelle Stengers</a>, including <i>The End of Certainty</i> and <i>La Nouvelle Alliance</i> (<i>Order out of Chaos</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_End_of_Certainty"><i>The End of Certainty</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The End of Certainty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his 1996 book, <i>La Fin des certitudes</i>, written in collaboration with Isabelle Stengers and published in English in 1997 as <i>The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature</i>, Prigogine contends that determinism is no longer a viable scientific belief: "The more we know about our universe, the more difficult it becomes to believe in determinism." This is a major departure from the approach of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a>, all of whom expressed their theories in terms of deterministic equations. According to Prigogine, determinism loses its explanatory power in the face of <a href="/wiki/Irreversibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreversibility">irreversibility</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instability" title="Instability">instability</a>. </p><p>Prigogine traces the dispute over determinism back to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin</a>, whose attempt to explain individual variability according to evolving populations inspired <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann" title="Ludwig Boltzmann">Ludwig Boltzmann</a> to explain the behavior of gases in terms of populations of particles rather than individual particles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrigogineStengers199719–20_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrigogineStengers199719–20-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the field of <a href="/wiki/Statistical_mechanics" title="Statistical mechanics">statistical mechanics</a> and the realization that gases undergo <a href="/wiki/Irreversible_process" title="Irreversible process">irreversible processes</a>. In deterministic physics, all processes are time-reversible, meaning that they can proceed backward as well as forward through time. As Prigogine explains, determinism is fundamentally a denial of the <a href="/wiki/Arrow_of_time" title="Arrow of time">arrow of time</a>. With no arrow of time, there is no longer a privileged moment known as the "present," which follows a determined "past" and precedes an undetermined "future." All of time is simply given, with the future as determined or as undetermined as the past. With irreversibility, the arrow of time is reintroduced to physics. Prigogine notes numerous examples of irreversibility, including <a href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">diffusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">radioactive decay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solar_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar radiation">solar radiation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weather" title="Weather">weather</a> and the emergence and evolution of <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">life</a>. Like weather systems, organisms are unstable systems existing far from <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_equilibrium" title="Thermodynamic equilibrium">thermodynamic equilibrium</a>. Instability resists standard deterministic explanation. Instead, due to sensitivity to initial conditions, unstable systems can only be explained statistically, that is, in terms of <a href="/wiki/Probability" title="Probability">probability</a>. </p><p>Prigogine asserts that <a href="/wiki/Newtonian_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtonian physics">Newtonian physics</a> has now been "extended" three times:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> first with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Spacetime" title="Spacetime">spacetime</a> in <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">general relativity</a>, then with the use of the <a href="/wiki/Wave_function" title="Wave function">wave function</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a>, and finally with the recognition of <a href="/wiki/Indeterminism" title="Indeterminism">indeterminism</a> in the study of unstable systems (<a href="/wiki/Chaos_theory" title="Chaos theory">chaos theory</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrigogineDefay1954" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, I.; Defay, R. (1954). <i>Chemical Thermodynamics</i>. London: Longmans Green and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemical+Thermodynamics&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans+Green+and+Co.&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Defay%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogine1955" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, I. (1955). <i>Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes</i>. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Thermodynamics+of+Irreversible+Processes&rft.place=Springfield%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Charles+C.+Thomas+Publisher&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogine1957" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya (1957). <i>The Molecular Theory of Solutions</i>. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Molecular+Theory+of+Solutions&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=North+Holland+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogine1961" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya (1961). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontoth0000prig"><i>Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes</i></a></span> (Second ed.). New York: Interscience. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/219682909">219682909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Thermodynamics+of+Irreversible+Processes&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Interscience&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F219682909&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoth0000prig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogine1962" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya (1962). <i>Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics</i>. Monographs in Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics, Vol. I. Interscience Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Non-equilibrium+statistical+mechanics&rft.series=Monographs+in+Statistical+Physics+and+Thermodynamics%2C+Vol.+I&rft.pub=Interscience+Publishers&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QRQ6DgAAQBAJ"><i>2017 reprint</i></a>. Courier Dover Publications. 27 February 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-82040-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-82040-8"><bdi>978-0-486-82040-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2017+reprint&rft.pub=Courier+Dover+Publications&rft.date=2017-02-27&rft.isbn=978-0-486-82040-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQRQ6DgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Defay, R. & Prigogine, I. (1966). Surface tension and adsorption. Longmans, Green & Co. LTD.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlansdorffPrigogine,_I.1971" class="citation book cs1">Glansdorff, Paul; Prigogine, I. (1971). <i>Thermodynamics Theory of Structure, Stability and Fluctuations</i>. London: Wiley-Interscience.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thermodynamics+Theory+of+Structure%2C+Stability+and+Fluctuations&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Wiley-Interscience&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Glansdorff&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Prigogine%2C+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogineHerman,_R.1971" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya; Herman, R. (1971). <i>Kinetic Theory of Vehicular Traffic</i>. New York: American Elsevier. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-444-00082-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-444-00082-8"><bdi>0-444-00082-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kinetic+Theory+of+Vehicular+Traffic&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=American+Elsevier&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-444-00082-8&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft.au=Herman%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogineNicolis,_G.1977" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya; Nicolis, G. (1977). <i>Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems</i>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-02401-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-02401-5"><bdi>0-471-02401-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Self-Organization+in+Non-Equilibrium+Systems&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-471-02401-5&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft.au=Nicolis%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogine1980" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frombeingtobecom00ipri"><i>From Being To Becoming</i></a></span>. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7167-1107-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7167-1107-9"><bdi>0-7167-1107-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Being+To+Becoming&rft.pub=Freeman&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-7167-1107-9&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrombeingtobecom00ipri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogineStengers,_Isabelle1984" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya; Stengers, Isabelle (1984). <i>Order out of Chaos: Man's new dialogue with nature</i>. Flamingo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-654115-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-654115-1"><bdi>0-00-654115-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Order+out+of+Chaos%3A+Man%27s+new+dialogue+with+nature&rft.pub=Flamingo&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-00-654115-1&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft.au=Stengers%2C+Isabelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gOdOEAAAQBAJ"><i>2018 edition</i></a>. Verso Books. 23 January 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78663-100-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78663-100-8"><bdi>978-1-78663-100-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2018+edition&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2018-01-23&rft.isbn=978-1-78663-100-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgOdOEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Prigogine, I. <i>The Behavior of Matter under Nonequilibrium Conditions: Fundamental Aspects and Applications in Energy-oriented Problems</i>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>, Progress Reports: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6892665-behavior-matter-under-nonequilibrium-conditions-fundamental-aspects-applications-energy-oriented-problems-progress-report-period-september-november">September 1984 – November 1987</a>, (7 October 1987). Department of Physics at the University of Texas-Austin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6476254-behavior-matter-under-nonequilibrium-conditions-fundamental-aspects-applications-progress-report-april-april">15 April 1988 – 14 April 1989</a>, (January 1989), Center for Studies in Statistical Mathematics at the University of Texas-Austin.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6139111-behavior-matter-under-nonequilibrium-conditions-fundamental-aspects-applications-progress-report-period-april-april">15 April 1990 – 14 April 1991</a>, (December 1990), Center for Studies in Statistical Mechanics and Complex Systems at the University of Texas-Austin.</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolisPrigogine,_I.1989" class="citation book cs1">Nicolis, G.; Prigogine, I. (1989). <i>Exploring complexity: An introduction</i>. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7167-1859-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7167-1859-6"><bdi>0-7167-1859-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+complexity%3A+An+introduction&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-7167-1859-6&rft.aulast=Nicolis&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Prigogine%2C+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Prigogine, I. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6390561-time-dynamics-chaos-integrating-poincare-non-integrable-systems">"Time, Dynamics and Chaos: Integrating Poincare's 'Non-Integrable Systems'"</a>, Center for Studies in Statistical Mechanics and Complex Systems at the University of Texas-Austin, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>-Office of Energy Research, Commission of the European Communities (October 1990).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogine1993" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya (1993). <i>Chaotic Dynamics and Transport in Fluids and Plasmas: Research Trends in Physics Series</i>. New York: American Institute of Physics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88318-923-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-88318-923-2"><bdi>0-88318-923-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaotic+Dynamics+and+Transport+in+Fluids+and+Plasmas%3A+Research+Trends+in+Physics+Series&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Physics&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-88318-923-2&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogineStengers1997" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya; Stengers, Isabelle (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-VI8093PJuUC"><i>The End of Certainty</i></a>. The Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83705-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83705-5"><bdi>978-0-684-83705-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Certainty&rft.pub=The+Free+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-684-83705-5&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft.au=Stengers%2C+Isabelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-VI8093PJuUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKondepudiPrigogine1998" class="citation book cs1">Kondepudi, Dilip; Prigogine, Ilya (1998). <i>Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures</i>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-97394-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-97394-2"><bdi>978-0-471-97394-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Thermodynamics%3A+From+Heat+Engines+to+Dissipative+Structures&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-471-97394-2&rft.aulast=Kondepudi&rft.aufirst=Dilip&rft.au=Prigogine%2C+Ilya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKondepudiPrigogine2014" class="citation book cs1">Kondepudi, Dilip; Prigogine, Ilya (31 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TLrlBQAAQBAJ"><i>2014 edition</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-37181-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-37181-7"><bdi>978-1-118-37181-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2014+edition&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft.isbn=978-1-118-37181-7&rft.aulast=Kondepudi&rft.aufirst=Dilip&rft.au=Prigogine%2C+Ilya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTLrlBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigogine2002" class="citation book cs1">Prigogine, Ilya (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121217210216/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/bookhome/93517918/ProductInformation.html"><i>Advances in Chemical Physics</i></a>. New York: Wiley InterScience. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-26431-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-26431-6"><bdi>978-0-471-26431-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/bookhome/93517918/ProductInformation.html">the original</a> on 17 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Chemical+Physics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley+InterScience&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-471-26431-6&rft.aulast=Prigogine&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.interscience.wiley.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbookhome%2F93517918%2FProductInformation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Editor (with Stuart A. Rice) of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/bookseries/114180445/home">Advances in Chemical Physics</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> book series published by <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a> (presently over 140 volumes)</li> <li>Prigogine I, (papers and interviews) <i>Is future given?</i>, World Scientific, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789812385086" title="Special:BookSources/9789812385086">9789812385086</a> (145p.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ilya_Prigogine_Prize_for_Thermodynamics">Ilya Prigogine Prize for Thermodynamics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ilya Prigogine Prize for Thermodynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ilya Prigogine Prize for Thermodynamics was initialized in 2001 and patronized by Ilya Prigogine himself until his death in 2003. It is awarded on a biennial basis during the Joint European Thermodynamics Conference (JETC) and considers all branches of thermodynamics (applied, theoretical, and experimental as well as quantum thermodynamics and classical thermodynamics). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/32px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/48px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Complex-adaptive-system.jpg/64px-Complex-adaptive-system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Systems_science" title="Portal:Systems science">Systems science portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autocatalytic_reactions_and_order_creation" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocatalytic reactions and order creation">Autocatalytic reactions and order creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Jewish Nobel laureates">List of Jewish Nobel laureates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schismatrix" title="Schismatrix">Schismatrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory" title="Systems theory">Systems theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prigogine%27s_theorem" title="Prigogine's theorem">Prigogine's theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_philosophy" title="Process philosophy">Process philosophy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeroy2003" class="citation book cs1">Leroy, Francis (13 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3-G3vi5av28C&q=prigogine+anti+semitic&pg=PA80"><i>Francis Leroy. A century of Nobel Prizes recipients: chemistry, physics, and medicine (p. 80)</i></a>. CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203014189" title="Special:BookSources/9780203014189"><bdi>9780203014189</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Francis+Leroy.+A+century+of+Nobel+Prizes+recipients%3A+chemistry%2C+physics%2C+and+medicine+%28p.+80%29&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2003-03-13&rft.isbn=9780203014189&rft.aulast=Leroy&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3-G3vi5av28C%26q%3Dprigogine%2Banti%2Bsemitic%26pg%3DPA80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1431987/Vicomte-Ilya-Prigogine.html">"Vicomte Ilya Prigogine (Obituary, The Telegraph)"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. 5 June 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hosted+on+ResearchGate&rft.atitle=NOTICE+BIOGRAPHIQUE+D%27ILYA+PRIGOGINE&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.aulast=Lefever&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F283273254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.auth.gr/~iantonio/MEMBERSIPFarewell.html">"FAREWELL TO ILYA PRIGOGINE (appendix)"</a>. 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Presidium</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402134720/http://www.ias-icsd.org/resources/ICSD-IAS-Presidium.pdf">Archived</a> 2 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ias-icsd.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418163907/http://www1.hw.ac.uk/graduation/honorary-graduates.htm">"Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates"</a>. <i>www1.hw.ac.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.hw.ac.uk/graduation/honorary-graduates.htm">the original</a> on 18 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Emergent phenomena and the secrets of life". <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>. <b>104</b> (6): 1844–1846. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fjapplphysiol.00942.2007">10.1152/japplphysiol.00942.2007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18202170">18202170</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Physiology&rft.atitle=Emergent+phenomena+and+the+secrets+of+life&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1844-1846&rft.date=2008-04-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fjapplphysiol.00942.2007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18202170&rft.au=P.+T.+Macklem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. Prigogine, <i>Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes</i>, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield, Illinois, 1955</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregg Jaeger: <i>Quantum Information: An Overview</i>, Springer, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-35725-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-35725-6">978-0-387-35725-6</a>, Chapter B.3 "Lioville space and open quantum systems", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E0ho97k7S4oC&pg=PA248">p. 248</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Sida, K. Saitô, Si Si (eds.): <i>Quantum Information and Complexity: Proceedings of the Meijo Winter School, 6–10 January 2003</i>, World Scientific Publishing, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-256-047-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-256-047-6">978-981-256-047-6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BQ1MPLxzR4AC&pg=PA62">p. 62</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._PetroskyI._Prigogine1997" class="citation journal cs1">T. Petrosky; I. Prigogine (1997). "The Liouville Space Extension of Quantum Mechanics". <i>Adv. Chem. Phys</i>. Advances in Chemical Physics. <b>99</b>: 1–120. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470141588.ch1">10.1002/9780470141588.ch1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-14158-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-14158-8"><bdi>978-0-470-14158-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adv.+Chem.+Phys.&rft.atitle=The+Liouville+Space+Extension+of+Quantum+Mechanics&rft.volume=99&rft.pages=1-120&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470141588.ch1&rft.isbn=978-0-470-14158-8&rft.au=T.+Petrosky&rft.au=I.+Prigogine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrigogineStengers199719–20-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrigogineStengers199719–20_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrigogineStengers1997">Prigogine & Stengers (1997)</a>, p. 19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandshoff1963" class="citation journal cs1">Landshoff, R. (1963). "review of <i>Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics</i> by I. Prigogine". <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>16</b> (9): 76–78. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963PhT....16i..76P">1963PhT....16i..76P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.3051153">10.1063/1.3051153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=review+of+Non-Equilibrium+Statistical+Mechanics+by+I.+Prigogine&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=76-78&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.3051153&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1963PhT....16i..76P&rft.aulast=Landshoff&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article-abstract/16/9/78/423758/Generalized-Functions-and-Partial-Differential?redirectedFrom=fulltext">p. 78</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiebert,_Erwin_N.1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Erwin_N._Hiebert" title="Erwin N. Hiebert">Hiebert, Erwin N.</a> (1982). "review of <i>From Being to Becoming: Time and Complexity in the Physical Sciences</i> by Ilya Prigogine". <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>35</b> (1): 69–70. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982PhT....35a..69P">1982PhT....35a..69P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2890013">10.1063/1.2890013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=review+of+From+Being+to+Becoming%3A+Time+and+Complexity+in+the+Physical+Sciences+by+Ilya+Prigogine&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=69-70&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.2890013&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982PhT....35a..69P&rft.au=Hiebert%2C+Erwin+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article-abstract/35/1/70/433681/Elements-of-Acoustics?redirectedFrom=fulltext">p. 70</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarruthers1990" class="citation journal cs1">Carruthers, Peter (1990). "review of <i>Exploring Complexity: An Introduction</i> by Grégoire Nicolis and Ilya Prigogine". <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>43</b> (10): 96–97. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PhT....43j..96N">1990PhT....43j..96N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.2810725">10.1063/1.2810725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=review+of+Exploring+Complexity%3A+An+Introduction+by+Gr%C3%A9goire+Nicolis+and+Ilya+Prigogine&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=96-97&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.2810725&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990PhT....43j..96N&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarl_Grandin1977" class="citation web cs1">Karl Grandin, ed. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1977/prigogine-autobio.html">"Ilya Prigogine Autobiography"</a>. <i>Les Prix Nobel</i>. The Nobel Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+Prix+Nobel&rft.atitle=Ilya+Prigogine+Autobiography&rft.date=1977&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobel.se%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1977%2Fprigogine-autobio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEftekhari2003" class="citation journal cs1">Eftekhari, Ali (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327050704/http://www.ait.ac/papers/eftekhari/AB11-129.pdf">"Obituary – Prof. Ilya Prigogine (1917–2003)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Adaptive Behavior</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 129–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F10597123030112005">10.1177/10597123030112005</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221315813">221315813</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ait.ac/papers/eftekhari/AB11-129.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adaptive+Behavior&rft.atitle=Obituary+%E2%80%93+Prof.+Ilya+Prigogine+%281917%E2%80%932003%29&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=129-131&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F10597123030112005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A221315813%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Eftekhari&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ait.ac%2Fpapers%2Feftekhari%2FAB11-129.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbra_Rodriguez2003" class="citation web cs1">Barbra Rodriguez (28 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://order.ph.utexas.edu/people/Prigogine.htm">"Nobel Prize-winning physical chemist dies in Brussels at age 86"</a>. University of Texas at Austin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+Prize-winning+physical+chemist+dies+in+Brussels+at+age+86&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+at+Austin&rft.date=2003-05-28&rft.au=Barbra+Rodriguez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forder.ph.utexas.edu%2Fpeople%2FPrigogine.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlya+Prigogine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Zisis</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310212835/http://oldportal.euscreen.eu/play.jsp?id=EUS_65C0E3CC51E541D489AD452223D564C3">Interview with Prigogine (Belgian VRT, 1977)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Prigogine%2C%20Ilya%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Ilya%20Prigogine%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Prigogine%2C%20Ilya%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Ilya%20Prigogine%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Prigogine%2C%20I%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Ilya%20Prigogine%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Prigogine%2C%20Ilya%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Ilya%20Prigogine%22%29%20OR%20%28%221917-2003%22%20AND%20Prigogine%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Ilya Prigogine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1977_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1977_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1977 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1977_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1977 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1977_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1977 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1977_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1977 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ilya Prigogine</a> (Belgium)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1977_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1977 Nobel Prize in Literature">1977</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a> (Spain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Anderson" title="Philip W. Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Andrew Schally</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James Meade</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1972_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1972 Nobel Prize winners">1972</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1973_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1973 Nobel Prize winners">1973</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1974 Nobel Prize winners">1974</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1975_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1975 Nobel Prize winners">1975</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1976_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1976 Nobel Prize winners">1976</a></dd> <dd><b>1977 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1978_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1978 Nobel Prize winners">1978</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1979_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1979 Nobel Prize winners">1979</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1980_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1980 Nobel Prize winners">1980</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1981_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1981 Nobel Prize winners">1981</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1982_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1982 Nobel Prize winners">1982</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Society_for_the_Systems_Sciences_Presidents" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Society_for_the_Systems_Sciences_Presidents" title="Template:International Society for the Systems Sciences Presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Society_for_the_Systems_Sciences_Presidents" title="Template talk:International Society for the Systems Sciences Presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Society_for_the_Systems_Sciences_Presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Society for the Systems Sciences Presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Society_for_the_Systems_Sciences_Presidents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_the_Systems_Sciences" title="International Society for the Systems Sciences">International Society for the Systems Sciences Presidents</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_L._Ackoff" title="Russell L. Ackoff">Russell Ackoff</a> (1987–88)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ilya Prigogine</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._West_Churchman" title="C. West Churchman">Charles West Churchman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_R._Troncale" title="Len R. Troncale">Len Troncale</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Odum" title="Howard T. Odum">Howard Odum</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mitroff" title="Ian Mitroff">Ian Mitroff</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_A._Linstone" title="Harold A. Linstone">Harold Linstone</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_R._de_Raadt" title="J. Donald R. de Raadt">J. Donald R. de Raadt</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ervin_L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3" title="Ervin László">Ervin László</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_Pil_Rhee" title="Yong Pil Rhee">Yong Pil Rhee</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._A._Swanson" title="G. A. Swanson">G. A. Swanson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_A._B%C3%A1n%C3%A1thy" title="Béla A. Bánáthy">Béla A. Bánáthy</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Corning" title="Peter Corning">Peter A. Corning</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_G._Nelson" title="Harold G. Nelson">Harold G. Nelson</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael C. Jackson">Michael C. Jackson</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Christakis" title="Alexander Christakis">Alexander Christakis</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_D._Bailey_(sociologist)" title="Kenneth D. Bailey (sociologist)">Kenneth D. Bailey</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Herrscher" title="Enrique Herrscher">Enrique Herrscher</a> (2004–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debora_Hammond" title="Debora Hammond">Debora Hammond</a> (2005–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyoichi_Kijima" title="Kyoichi Kijima">Kyoichi Kijima</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Metcalf" title="Gary Metcalf">Gary Metcalf</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_F._H._Allen" title="Timothy F. H. Allen">Timothy Allen</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenna_Leonard" title="Allenna Leonard">Allenna Leonard</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Wilby" title="Jennifer Wilby">Jennifer Wilby</a> (2010–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ing" title="David Ing">David Ing</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Laszlo_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Laszlo (scientist)">Alexander Laszlo</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Midgley" title="Gerald Midgley">Gerald Midgley</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Ison" title="Ray Ison">Ray Ison</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kineman" title="John Kineman">John Kineman</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li>Ockie Bosch (2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rousseau" title="David Rousseau">David Rousseau</a> (2017–2018)</li> <li>Peter D. Tuddenham (2018–2019)</li> <li>Shankar Sankaran (2019–2020)</li> <li>Delia MacNamara (2020–2021)</li> <li>George Mobus (2021–2022)</li> <li>Roelien Goede (2022–2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #d3d3d3;"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Society_for_General_Systems_Research_Presidents" title="Template:Society for General Systems Research Presidents"><b>Society for General Systems Research Presidents</b></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Systems_science" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Systems_science" title="Template:Systems science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Systems_science" title="Template talk:Systems science"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Systems_science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Systems science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Systems_science" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Systems_science" title="Systems science">Systems science</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/System" title="System">System</a><br />types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_system" title="Biological system">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_system" title="Complex system">Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupled_human%E2%80%93environment_system" title="Coupled human–environment system">Coupled human–environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_system" title="Information system">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-agent_system" title="Multi-agent system">Multi-agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">Nervous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recommender_system" title="Recommender system">Recommender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_system" title="Social system">Social</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doubling_time" title="Doubling time">Doubling time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_leverage_points" title="Twelve leverage points">Leverage points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limiting_factor" title="Limiting factor">Limiting factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_feedback" title="Negative feedback">Negative feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_feedback" title="Positive feedback">Positive feedback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theoretical<br />fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_theory" title="Control theory">Control theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_system_science" title="Earth system science">Earth system science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_systems" title="Living systems">Living systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociotechnical_system" title="Sociotechnical system">Sociotechnical system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemics" title="Systemics">Systemics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_metabolism" title="Urban metabolism">Urban metabolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World-systems_theory" title="World-systems theory">World-systems theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems_analysis" title="Systems analysis">Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_biology" title="Systems biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_dynamics" title="System dynamics">Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_ecology" title="Systems ecology">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_neuroscience" title="Systems neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_pharmacology" title="Systems pharmacology">Pharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_philosophy" title="Systems philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_psychology" title="Systems psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory" title="Systems theory">Theory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Systems_thinking" title="Systems thinking">Systems thinking</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_scientists" title="List of systems scientists">Scientists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_L._Ackoff" title="Russell L. Ackoff">Russell L. Ackoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Aladjev" title="Victor Aladjev">Victor Aladjev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ross_Ashby" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ross Ashby">William Ross Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzena_Bajcsy" title="Ruzena Bajcsy">Ruzena Bajcsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_H._B%C3%A1n%C3%A1thy" title="Béla H. Bánáthy">Béla H. Bánáthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Stafford_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Stafford Beer">Anthony Stafford Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Bellman" title="Richard E. Bellman">Richard E. Bellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Bertalanffy" title="Ludwig von Bertalanffy">Ludwig von Bertalanffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Boden" title="Margaret Boden">Margaret Boden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bogdanov" title="Alexander Bogdanov">Alexander Bogdanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Boulding" title="Kenneth E. Boulding">Kenneth E. Boulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bowen" title="Murray Bowen">Murray Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Carley" title="Kathleen Carley">Kathleen Carley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cartwright" title="Mary Cartwright">Mary Cartwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._West_Churchman" title="C. West Churchman">C. West Churchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Clynes" title="Manfred Clynes">Manfred Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Emery" title="Fred Emery">Fred Emery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">Heinz von Foerster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Forrest" title="Stephanie Forrest">Stephanie Forrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Wright_Forrester" title="Jay Wright Forrester">Jay Wright Forrester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_J._Grosz" title="Barbara J. Grosz">Barbara Grosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._S._Hall" title="Charles A. S. Hall">Charles A. S. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Jackson_(systems_scientist)" title="Mike Jackson (systems scientist)">Mike Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Kavraki" title="Lydia Kavraki">Lydia Kavraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Kay" title="James J. Kay">James J. Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faina_Mihajlovna_Kirillova" class="mw-redirect" title="Faina Mihajlovna Kirillova">Faina M. Kirillova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Klir" title="George Klir">George Klir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenna_Leonard" title="Allenna Leonard">Allenna Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Norton_Lorenz" title="Edward Norton Lorenz">Edward Norton Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Niklas Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberto_Maturana" title="Humberto Maturana">Humberto Maturana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donella_Meadows" title="Donella Meadows">Donella Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihajlo_D._Mesarovic" title="Mihajlo D. Mesarovic">Mihajlo D. Mesarovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Grier_Miller" title="James Grier Miller">James Grier Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhika_Nagpal" title="Radhika Nagpal">Radhika Nagpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_T._Odum" title="Howard T. Odum">Howard T. Odum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcott_Parsons" title="Talcott Parsons">Talcott Parsons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ilya Prigogine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Xuesen" title="Qian Xuesen">Qian Xuesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatol_Rapoport" title="Anatol Rapoport">Anatol Rapoport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Seddon" title="John Seddon">John Seddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Senge" title="Peter Senge">Peter Senge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katia_Sycara" title="Katia Sycara">Katia Sycara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Trist" title="Eric Trist">Eric Trist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuela_M._Veloso" title="Manuela M. Veloso">Manuela M. Veloso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Warwick" title="Kevin Warwick">Kevin Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Wilby" title="Jennifer Wilby">Jennifer Wilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Wilden" title="Anthony Wilden">Anthony Wilden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory_in_anthropology" title="Systems theory in anthropology">Systems theory in anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory_in_archaeology" title="Systems theory in archaeology">Systems theory in archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_theory_in_political_science" title="Systems theory in political science">Systems theory in political science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_sciences_organizations" title="List of systems sciences organizations">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principia_Cybernetica" title="Principia Cybernetica">Principia Cybernetica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Systems_science" title="Category:Systems science">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Systems_science" title="Portal:Systems science">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" 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class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11920651t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00453344">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Prigogine, Ilya"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV012023">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36554406">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19981002038&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1077477">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810621214205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278324805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514035706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14139011">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00140859?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=45826">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:prigogine.ilya">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/142110">MathSciNet</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/ilya-prigogine/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6c0dadee-9571-42c9-bce5-b17493474f60">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1289353">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11883567X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11883567X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059782579">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6m639xf">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&oldid=1257196249">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilya_Prigogine&oldid=1257196249</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1917_births" title="Category:1917 births">1917 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_deaths" title="Category:2003 deaths">2003 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" 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