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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-起源考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>起源考</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-起源考-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关起源考子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-起源考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-反切以前的注音方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#反切以前的注音方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>反切以前的注音方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-反切以前的注音方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-反切興廣的年代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#反切興廣的年代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>反切興廣的年代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-反切興廣的年代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-由反切孕育出的韻書時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#由反切孕育出的韻書時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>由反切孕育出的韻書時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-由反切孕育出的韻書時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拼讀方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拼讀方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>拼讀方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拼讀方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-變體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#變體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>變體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-變體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-優缺點" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#優缺點"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>優缺點</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-優缺點-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">反切</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。13种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie" title="Fanqie – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fanqie" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie" title="Fanqie – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fanqie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie" title="Fanqie – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fanqie" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie" title="Fanqie – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fanqie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie" title="Fanqie – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fanqie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="反切" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanqie" title="Fanqie – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fanqie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="反切" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%A0%88" title="반절 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반절" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Фаньце – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фаньце" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi%C3%AAn_thi%E1%BA%BFt_H%C3%A1n-Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Phiên thiết Hán-Việt – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phiên thiết Hán-Việt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="反切" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="反切" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1899324#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div 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.sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:250px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韵学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="音節">音節</a>結構</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><table style="margin: auto; text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="韻頭">韻頭</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E8%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="韻腹">韻腹</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="韻尾">韻尾</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f9f;"> </td> <td style="background: #f6f;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="攝">韻攝</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="background: #99f;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #66f;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%BB%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韻部（页面不存在）">韻部</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #6ff;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韵母</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9f9;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #6f6;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%BB%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韻目（页面不存在）">韻目</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="韻">韻</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ff6;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%BB%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韻類（页面不存在）">韻類</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background: #f66; color: #fff;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9F%BB" title="小韻">小韻</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><span class="nowrap">聲母：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="五音 (音韻)">五音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清濁</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">介音：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼">等呼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%91%BC" title="四呼">四呼</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">韻腹：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%A4%96%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="內外轉">內外轉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E6%94%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="十六攝">十六攝</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">韻尾：<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="陰聲韻">陰聲韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="阳声韵">陽聲韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="入聲韻">入聲韻</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">聲調：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="平仄">平仄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E4%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="舒促">舒促</a></span></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上古漢語">上古漢語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="古音學">古音學</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="先秦音系">先秦音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="詩經">詩經</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E9%9F%B3" title="叶音">叶音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%A7%E8%81%B2" title="諧聲">諧聲</a></span></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="漢代音系">漢代音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%BC%95%E8%84%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="古無輕脣音">古無輕脣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古無舌上音">古無舌上音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E6%AD%A3%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="古無正齒音">古無正齒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E9%82%AA%E7%B4%90" title="古音無邪紐">古無邪紐</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%A5" title="娘日歸泥">娘日歸泥</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%A3" title="喻三歸匣">喻三歸匣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A" title="喻四歸定">喻四歸定</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二歸精">照二歸精</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="照三歸知">照三歸知</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3)" title="古音 (日本漢字音)">古音</a></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" title="中古音">今音學</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－早期：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="魏晉音系">六朝音系</a>－</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="吳音">吳音</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢越音">越南漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="古漢越語">古漢越音</a></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－中期：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="隋唐音系">隋唐音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E8%81%94%E6%B3%95" title="系联法">系聯法</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B4%90" title="重紐">重紐</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%BB" title="切韻">切韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB" title="廣韻">廣韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%9F%BB" title="平水韻">平水韻</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="漢音">漢音</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" title="朝鮮漢字音">朝鮮漢字音</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢越音">越南漢字音</a></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－晚期：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="五代音系">五代音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%9B%BE" title="韵图">韵图</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E9%8F%A1" title="韻鏡">韻鏡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E9%9F%B3%E7%95%A5" title="七音略">七音略</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E6%8C%87%E6%8E%8C%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切韵指掌图（页面不存在）">切韵指掌图</a></span></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近代漢語">近代漢語</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="早期官话">早期官話</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D#语音" class="mw-redirect" title="早期官话">北音學</a>－</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代音系">宋代音系</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E6%9E%81%E7%BB%8F%E4%B8%96%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BE" title="皇极经世声音唱和图">皇极經世聲音唱和圖</a></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="元代音系">元代音系</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%BB" title="蒙古字韻">蒙古字韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="中原音韻">中原音韻</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="明清音系">明清音系</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E7%95%A7%E6%98%93%E9%80%9A" title="韻畧易通">韻畧易通</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3" title="唐音">唐音</a></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－其它近代音系－</div> <p>近代<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%9F%BB%E6%92%AE%E8%A6%81" title="分韻撮要">分韻撮要</a> </p><p>近代<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%99%E9%9F%B3%E5%A6%99%E6%82%9F" title="彙音妙悟">彙音妙悟</a></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;">記音法</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="直音">直音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">反切</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%9B%BE" title="韵图">韵图</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a></span></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="Portal:漢字文化圈">Portal:漢字文化圈</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:音韻學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:音韻學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:音韻學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>反<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>切</rb><rp>（</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">qiè</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby></b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>又稱<b>翻切</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<b>反語</b>、<b>音反</b>，是用兩個<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>給一個漢字<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="標音">注音</a>的方法；兩漢字的上字<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>（<b>反切上字</b>）取其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">聲</a>，下字（<b>反切下字</b>）取其<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韻</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">調</a>，拼合出被注音字的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%80%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="讀音">讀音</a>。反切長久以來是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢字文化圈</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="標音">注音</a>的常用方法。 </p><p><b>歸字</b>（locate）或<b>反切歸字</b>，是根據反切上下字確定“被切字”在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E9%9F%BB%E5%9C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切韻圖（页面不存在）">切韻圖</a>中的音韻地位<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，即「依切求音」<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或「按字求音」。 </p><p>反切法之起源有說啟發自西域<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>字<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，狹義來講，規律整齊的反切注音系統是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E5%AF%AB%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="拼寫字母">拼音字母</a>系統<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align:left; font-size:small; line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;"><i><b>反切</b></i></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">汉语名称</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:反">反</a><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:切">切</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">标音</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a><br />（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a>）</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音">汉语拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="zh-latn-pinyin"> fǎnqiè </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="zh-latn-wadegile"> fan<sup>3</sup>-ch'ieh<sup>4</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="zh-bopo"> ㄈㄢˇ ㄑㄧㄝˋ </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">其他官话</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="南京官话">南京官话</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88#輸入法方案" title="南京話拉丁化方案">拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="cmn-latn"> fang<sup>3</sup>cie<sup>5</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a class="mw-selflink selflink">粵語反切</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r58929728">.mw-parser-output .sans-serif{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Lato,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}</style><span class="sans-serif"> 非翻　清屑 </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3#粤语耶鲁拼音" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="yue-latn"> fáanchit </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a class="mw-selflink selflink">廣韻反切</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif"> 孚袁　千結 </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廣韻音（页面不存在）">廣韻音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif"> 滂元合三平　清屑開四入 </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">越南语名称</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="vi"> phiên thiết </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%97" title="儒字">儒字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80129570">.mw-parser-output .han-nom{font-family:"Gothic Nguyen","Han-Nom Gothic","Minh Nguyen","Han-Nom Minh","Nom Na Tong","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)","FZKaiS-Extended","FZKaiS-Extended(SIP)","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU_HKSCS","MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB",sans-serif}</style><span lang="vi-hani"><span class="han-nom"> 反切 </span></span></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">朝鲜语名稱</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" title="諺文">諺文</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hang">반절 </span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ko-hani">反切 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc; font-size: small">标音</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E8%A7%82%E5%85%89%E9%83%A82000%E5%B9%B4%E5%BC%8F" title="文化观光部2000年式">文观部式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ko-latn">banjeol </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: small;">日语名称</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">汉字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="ja"> 反切 </span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">标音</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="假名 (文字)">假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ja"> はんせつ </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="日语罗马字">日语罗马字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span lang="ja-latn"> hansetsu </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="起源考"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90.E8.80.83"></span>起源考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：起源考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="反切以前的注音方法"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E5.88.87.E4.BB.A5.E5.89.8D.E7.9A.84.E6.B3.A8.E9.9F.B3.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>反切以前的注音方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：反切以前的注音方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在反切法誕生之前，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95" title="直音法">直音法</a>（即是「讀若某」、「如某」等）是常用的字書注音方法。這種方法在東漢之前佔據字書之主流，例如《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="說文解字">說文</a>・玉部》：「珣，讀若宣」；《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="說文解字">說文</a>・宀部》：「宋，居也，從宀木，讀若送。」等。一般是用一個字注另一個同音字。 </p><p>也因此，直音法侷限十分明顯：依時空之不同，每個字的發音都有差異，且一些情況下，使用某字的假借字（如廣韻裡「行」字和「絎」、「胻」字等）或<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%83%BB%E5%AD%97" title="生僻字">生僻字</a>來注音，有時反而會造成不解<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這種情況在其他注音方法出現後得到改善，而韻書也常常把多種方法一起使用以追求準確。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="反切興廣的年代"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E5.88.87.E8.88.88.E5.BB.A3.E7.9A.84.E5.B9.B4.E4.BB.A3"></span>反切興廣的年代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：反切興廣的年代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>關於反切法之起源，學界說法不一，但可以確定的是，它出現於佛教傳入中原後的東漢，魏晉開始盛行<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。至於誰是第一個用反切的人，自古以來便無定論，但總結起來不外乎三類： </p> <ol><li>一部分人認為是著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%BE%E9%9B%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爾雅音注（页面不存在）">爾雅音注</a>》一書的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E7%82%8E" title="孙炎">孫炎</a>。比如顏之推《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8F%E6%B0%8F%E5%AE%B6%E8%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="顏氏家訓">顏氏家訓</a>·音辭篇》有：「孫叔然（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E7%82%8E" title="孙炎">孫炎</a>）創《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%BE%E9%9B%85%E9%9F%B3%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爾雅音義（页面不存在）">爾雅音義</a>》，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢朝">漢</a>末人獨知反語」；還有<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8E" title="陸德明">陸德明</a>之《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E9%87%8B%E6%96%87" title="經典釋文">經典釋文</a>・敘錄・條例》：「古人音書，止為譬況之說，孫炎始為反語」。</li> <li>一部分人提出在孫炎之前便可見使用此方法（雖然並未按照定律）的例子，但具体始于何人也有争议。比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%A4%AA%E7%82%8E" title="章太炎">章炳麟</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%85%E8%AB%96%E8%A1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國故論衡（页面不存在）">國故論衡</a>・音理論》就有：「造反語者，非始孫叔然也。」又說：「又尋漢地理志…<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E5%8A%AD" title="應劭">應劭</a>注：『垫音徒浹反』」指向了應劭；《一切经音译》又说：「古来音反，多以旁纽为双声，始自<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E8%99%94" title="服虔">服虔</a>」，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E8%99%94" title="服虔">服虔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E5%8A%AD" title="應劭">應劭</a>同是漢末人，與孫炎同時代。</li> <li>一部分人則認為反切的初創跟<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>傳入有關。例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%8C%AF%E5%AD%AB" title="陳振孫">陳振孫</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%BD%8B%E6%9B%B8%E9%8C%84%E8%A7%A3%E9%A1%8C" title="直齋書錄解題">直齋書錄題解</a>·韻補》：「反切之學，自<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域">西域</a>入中國」；<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E6%A8%B5" title="鄭樵">鄭樵</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%BF%97" title="通志">通志</a>・藝文略》：「切韻之學起於西域」等。這種說法有正史《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="隋書">隋書</a>・經籍志》支撐，進一步指出是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D" title="汉明帝">漢明帝</a>時隨佛經同入中國。</li></ol> <p>此三類說法在年代上並無太大出入，但第三種「反切西域說」卻受到很大反對，例如以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E4%BB%A5%E9%AD%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胡以魯（页面不存在）">胡以魯</a>為首的学者指出漢代以前所見的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8)" title="合音 (語音學)">合音</a>」現象，如「不可」為「<b>叵</b>」，「何不」為「<b>盍</b>」，「如是」為「<b>爾</b>」，「而已」為「<b>耳</b>」，「之乎」為「<b>諸</b>」，「之焉」為「<b>旃</b>」等，并认为可以做為反對證據。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%95" title="钱大昕">钱大昕</a>说《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E7%BB%8F" title="诗经">诗经</a>》已有反切，並驳斥反切受<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="佛经">佛经</a>影响，「岂<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%88%E8%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="先賢（页面不存在）">古圣贤</a>之智乃出<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="僧人">梵僧</a>下耶」，「吾于是知<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="六经">六经</a>之道，大小悉备，后人詹詹之智，早不出圣贤范围之外也」<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>雖然「合音」和「反切」都是「二字出一音」，但本質卻不同。合音完全出於自然，先出現「不可」，快讀時自然合音為「叵」，當中並非有意識分析字音，「不可」也不是為標注「叵」音而出現；反切則是自覺分析漢字讀音的結果。 </p><p>反切法的具体发展显然独立于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="佛学">佛学</a>。唐代<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="韵书">韵书</a>獲列为官方<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="正音">正音</a>的指导，汉语言<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聲韻學">声韵学</a>进一步发展，产生了相当多集大成的学术典籍。“反切法发展与佛教相关”的第三种说法，多来自宋以后的学者，很可能受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代佛教">唐代佛教兴盛</a>影响，美之誉之。但事实上，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a>以前反切法的使用者，大都是正统<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="儒学者">儒家学者</a>，并没有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%B6%93%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF" title="佛經翻譯">佛經翻譯</a>背景。仅此一条看来，反切法应当是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语声韵学</a>发展到一定阶段、根据汉语汉文特性而自发产生的原创设计。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="由反切孕育出的韻書時代"><span id=".E7.94.B1.E5.8F.8D.E5.88.87.E5.AD.95.E8.82.B2.E5.87.BA.E7.9A.84.E9.9F.BB.E6.9B.B8.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>由反切孕育出的韻書時代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：由反切孕育出的韻書時代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a></div> <p>反切乃中國第一套科學的拼音系統，是古典<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聲韻學">聲韻學</a>的一大里程碑。它對後世的影響巨大且不可否認。 </p><p>例如《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E8%80%83" title="切韵考">切韻考</a>》云：「蓋有反語，則類聚之即成韻書，此自然之勢也」，言反切是韻書之基礎也。自漢代出現反切以來，大大便利了文人對古籍的學習和再創作，由於當時學術派別與師承之傳統，後來所編排的韻書也各有差異。而以《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%BB" title="切韻">切韻</a>》為首的韻書打破了這樣的局面，開啟了中國古代語言學的新時代<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>隋唐的反切是研究<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a>語音系統的基本資料，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語音韻學">漢語音韻學</a>的基礎之一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="拼讀方法"><span id=".E6.8B.BC.E8.AE.80.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>拼讀方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：拼讀方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中國古代沒有拼音，用兩字來注一字（反切歸字）的音。第一個字（反切上字）注<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="聲母">聲母</a>，第二個字（反切下字）注<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="韻母">韻母</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a>，如「<b>𠁁</b>，<b>徒口切</b>」：「<b>徒</b>」聲母為<b>定母</b>，中古擬音[d]，「<b>口</b>」韻母為<b>侯韻</b>，中古擬音[əu]，聲調為<b>上聲</b>，故<b>𠁁</b>為定母侯韻上聲，中古擬音[dəu]<sup>上</sup>。 </p><p>但古字典的反切只適用於當時的古音，不可單憑古代字典的反切音套用到現代音，古音到今音經過演變，且不同漢語族語言也有不同規律，如<b>𠁁</b>只憑古字典「徒口切」取「徒」的<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>聲母t，和「口」的普通話韻母ou3，推斷普通話讀作tou3，則為錯誤，因爲按普通話演變規律，「徒」中古聲母為全濁音[d]，其仄聲字聲母要變不送氣清音d[t]（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%B5%8A%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="全浊声母">平送仄收</a>），同時中古全濁上聲一律變普通話去聲（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" title="濁上變去">濁上變去</a>），所以<b>𠁁</b>的現代普通話讀音是dou4[təu˥˩]。 </p><p>可見按「上字取聲，下字取韻」的原則，古人或能很準確讀出一字字音。然而由於古今音變，古代所製定的反切到後世已不能再簡單以「上字取聲，下字取韻調」的原則讀出該字正音。依《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB" title="廣韻">廣韻</a>》一書，除了「上字取聲母，下字取韻母」之原則，還有一口訣：「上字分陰陽<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>，下字辨平仄<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>」。 </p><p>按「上字分陰陽」的規則，歸字的陰陽調與上字的陰陽調一樣，若上字是陰調則歸字亦取陰調，陽調同理；將下字的陰陽調誤當成歸字的陰陽調是常見誤切，如羥是氫（輕）氧（養）切，要取「輕」的溪母和「養」的陽三開韻上聲，讀如溪陽三開上<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，粵語推導與「響」同音（陰上聲），讀成「強之陽上聲」<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>是錯切。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="變體"><span id=".E8.AE.8A.E9.AB.94"></span>變體</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：變體"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>反切可延伸到用多於兩字注音。如用三字注音，首字同樣注聲母；而中間的字注韻母，末字注聲調，如「東」是「端」母、「東」韻（「東」本身已是韻母代表字）、「平」聲，注成「端東平」。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>如要再細分，可由韻母拆出<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼">等</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="呼">呼（或稱口）</a>，甚至廣韻未出現的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="攝">攝</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，注成「攝口等聲韻母（右至左）／母韻聲等口攝（左至右）」（「東」注成「通開一平東端／端東平一開通」）<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；或按音節中<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="音素">音素</a>順序排成「母、韻口等／韻等口（此順序不統一）、攝、聲」（「東」注成「端東開一通平／端東一開通平」）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="優缺點"><span id=".E5.84.AA.E7.BC.BA.E9.BB.9E"></span>優缺點</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：優缺點"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>須先懂一部份漢字才可用反切法讀出字音；但現代懂反切的人應已懂足夠的字去讀出其音。</li> <li>古書用作反切的上、下字太多，共有四百多上字，一千多下字，作為五千多反切字，如東為「德紅切十七」，即有十七同音字。現今用作標示方音時，方音反切系統可簡化成只在各反切字組選一字作代表字，省卻選字煩惱，大大減少要記的字數；如《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%9F%BB%E6%92%AE%E8%A6%81" title="分韻撮要">分韻撮要</a>》為當時粵語各聲韻母取了代表字，只要稍為調整即可為現代粵語標音。</li> <li>反切上下字聲韻調交雜，上字取聲忽略韻、下字取韻忽略聲，完全依賴連讀，拼音方法不太方便。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB" title="廣韻">大宋重修廣韻</a>》一書往往將簡單易讀的字用複雜的字作切語，如「一」為於悉切、「八」為博撥切；調轉來想，這樣可以用簡單易讀的歸字推敲複雜的上／下字之聲／韻母。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「上」、「下」本是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B1%8E%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="豎書（页面不存在）">豎書</a>時之稱謂，雖然漢字文化圈主要已改用橫書，但並未用「前字」「後字」或「左字」「右字」取代「上字」「下字」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 「至於魏世，此事大行」此說法主要見於《顏氏家訓・音辭》，是學界的主要觀點。王力的《中國語言學史》中記錄了關於此論點的辯證，此不贅述，詳查原本。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">聲母的清音濁音，見<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%88%86%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="平分阴阳">平分陰陽</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">韻母，見<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="入聲韻">入聲韻</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>参考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&docId=5354844&docLibId=72">反切</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20240427061848/https://www.cihai.com.cn/detail?q=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&docId=5354844&docLibId=72">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） [DB/OL] [2024] // <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E8%87%B3%E7%AB%8B" title="陈至立">陈至立</a>．<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9E%E6%B5%B7" title="辞海">辞海</a>. 7版网络版．上海：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="上海辞书出版社">上海辞书出版社</a>, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span 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href="https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E7%BF%BB%E5%88%87">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-08-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230815002626/https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E7%BF%BB%E5%88%87">存档</a>于2023-08-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdic.net%2Fhans%2F%25E7%25BF%25BB%25E5%2588%2587&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">陳, 灃. 切韻考.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.termonline.cn%2Fword%2F121620%2F1%23s1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">白右尹. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/28848082/_%E9%9F%BB%E9%8F%A1_%E8%AA%BF%E9%9F%BB%E6%8C%87%E5%BE%AE_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6">《韻鏡 ‧ 調韻指微》研究</a>. 中國文學研究. 2014, (38): 16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-08-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230815001119/https://www.academia.edu/28848082/_%E9%9F%BB%E9%8F%A1_%E8%AA%BF%E9%9F%BB%E6%8C%87%E5%BE%AE_%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6">存档</a>于2023-08-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%9F%BB%E9%8F%A1+%E2%80%A7+%E8%AA%BF%E9%9F%BB%E6%8C%87%E5%BE%AE%E3%80%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.au=%E7%99%BD%E5%8F%B3%E5%B0%B9&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=38&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pages=16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F28848082%2F_%25E9%259F%25BB%25E9%258F%25A1_%25E8%25AA%25BF%25E9%259F%25BB%25E6%258C%2587%25E5%25BE%25AE_%25E7%25A0%2594%25E7%25A9%25B6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">鄭, 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&rft.aufirst=%E5%8A%9B&rft.aulast=%E7%8E%8B&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9620403282&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%8A%E8%A1%8C%E7%A4%BE+%28China+Book+Press%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">顏, 之推. <a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8F%E6%B0%8F%E5%AE%B6%E8%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="顏氏家訓">顏氏家訓</a>・音辭.</cite><span 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class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181231084254/http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/lexi-can/">存档</a>于2018-12-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&rft.atitle=%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%AF%A9%E9%9F%B3%E9%85%8D%E8%A9%9E%E5%AD%97%E5%BA%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk%2FLexis%2Flexi-can%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-493.html">鍾佬網誌【拼音】文字式拼音再二之一：母韻聲——東，端東平</a>. zhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-05-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604152043/http://zhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-493.html">存档</a>于2023-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&rft.atitle=%E9%8D%BE%E4%BD%AC%E7%B6%B2%E8%AA%8C+%E3%80%90%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E3%80%91%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%86%8D%E4%BA%8C%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%9A%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%BB%E8%81%B2%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%9D%B1%EF%BC%8C%E7%AB%AF%E6%9D%B1%E5%B9%B3&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com%2Fblog-entry-493.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/38152231">《广韵》中的“元”韵应该是在臻摄还是山摄？ - 知乎</a>. www.zhihu.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-05-28</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%B9%BF%E9%9F%B5%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E5%85%83%E2%80%9D%E9%9F%B5%E5%BA%94%E8%AF%A5%E6%98%AF%E5%9C%A8%E8%87%BB%E6%91%84%E8%BF%98%E6%98%AF%E5%B1%B1%E6%91%84%EF%BC%9F+-+%E7%9F%A5%E4%B9%8E&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.zhihu.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zhihu.com%2Fquestion%2F38152231&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ytenx.org/zim?dzih=%E6%9D%B1&dzyen=1&jtkb=1&jtkd=1&jtdt=1&jtgt=1">檢索 - 韻典網</a>. ytenx.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-06-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604060716/https://ytenx.org/zim?dzih=%E6%9D%B1&dzyen=1&jtkb=1&jtkd=1&jtdt=1&jtgt=1">存档</a>于2023-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&rft.atitle=%E6%AA%A2%E7%B4%A2+-+%E9%9F%BB%E5%85%B8%E7%B6%B2&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ytenx.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fytenx.org%2Fzim%3Fdzih%3D%25E6%259D%25B1%26dzyen%3D1%26jtkb%3D1%26jtkd%3D1%26jtdt%3D1%26jtgt%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-494.html">鍾佬網誌【拼音】文字式拼音再二之二：攝口等聲韻母——東，通合一平東端</a>. zhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-05-24</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230524092404/http://zhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-494.html">存档</a>于2023-05-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&rft.atitle=%E9%8D%BE%E4%BD%AC%E7%B6%B2%E8%AA%8C+%E3%80%90%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E3%80%91%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%86%8D%E4%BA%8C%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%9A%E6%94%9D%E5%8F%A3%E7%AD%89%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB%E6%AF%8D%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%9D%B1%EF%BC%8C%E9%80%9A%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3%E6%9D%B1%E7%AB%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzhungkiyau.blog.fc2.com%2Fblog-entry-494.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE" title="维基数据">维基数据</a>上的相关属性： <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P5523" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P5523">反切（P5523）</a></b>（<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FChinese_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP5523%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P5523%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FChinese_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20Chinese%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22zh%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22zh%22%20is%20Chinese.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">使用情况</a></span>）</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ytenx.org/kyonh/cjeng">廣韻反切上字表</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120930235928/http://ytenx.org/kyonh/cjeng">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ytenx.org/kyonh/yonh">廣韻反切下字表</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121005110556/http://ytenx.org/kyonh/yonh">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>平山久雄：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=33998910">敦煌《毛诗音》反切中的“开合一致原则”及其在韵母拟音上的应用</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180209182407/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=33998910">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="漢語音節結構">音節結構</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="五音 (音韻)">五音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清濁音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="零聲母">零聲母</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韵母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼">等呼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%88" title="开合">开合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%91%BC" title="四呼">四呼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E8%85%B9" title="韵腹">韵腹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%B0%BE" title="韵尾">韵尾</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5" title="舒声韵">舒声韵</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5#陰聲韻" title="舒声韵">阴声韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5#陽聲韻" title="舒声韵">阳声韵</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2" title="入聲">入聲韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%9F%BB" title="空韻">空韻</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="平仄">平仄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%80%BC" title="調值">調值</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%BA%A6%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95" title="五度标记法">五度标记法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%88%E6%B3%95" title="發圈法">發圈法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E8%AA%BF" title="變調">變調</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2%E5%88%A5%E7%BE%A9" title="四聲別義">四聲別義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%99%BD%E5%85%A5" title="高陽入">高陽入</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%99%B0%E5%85%A5" title="低陰入">低陰入</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="汉语拼音音节列表">汉语拼音音节列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96#汉语兒化韻表" title="兒化">汉语儿化韵表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="古代汉语">古代汉语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="上古音">上古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="先秦音系">先秦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="漢代音系">漢代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%9B%E5%A3%B0" title="古四声">古四声</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%BC%95%E8%84%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="古無輕脣音">古無輕唇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古無舌上音">古無舌上</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E6%AD%A3%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="古無正齒音">古無正齒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E9%82%AA%E7%B4%90" title="古音無邪紐">古無邪紐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%A5" title="娘日歸泥">娘日歸泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%A3" title="喻三歸匣">喻三歸匣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A" title="喻四歸定">喻四歸定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二歸精">照二歸精</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="照三歸知">照三歸知</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E9%9F%B3" title="叶音">叶音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="上古漢語濁輔音韻尾假說">濁輔音韻尾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" title="中古音">中古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="魏晉音系">魏晉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="隋唐音系">隋唐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="五代音系">五代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%B4%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="宋代汴洛语音">宋代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="中古聲母">中古聲母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E9%9F%B3" title="切韵音">切韵音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="等韻學">等韻學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="韻圖">韻圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%B3%95" title="门法">门法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9F%BB" title="小韻">小韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E8%81%94%E6%B3%95" title="系联法">系联法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="攝">攝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%9F%BB" title="平水韻">平水韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83" title="十三元">十三元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B4%90" title="重紐">重紐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E6%96%87" title="異文">異文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="对音">对音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="洛阳音">洛阳音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%B1%89%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="梵汉对音">梵汉对音</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="近代汉语">近古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="元代音系">元代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%88%9D%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明初官话音系">明初</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明清官話音系">明清</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">現代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9B%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="尖团音">尖团音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%BF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="平翹音">平翹音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96" title="兒化">兒化音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%98%E9%9F%B5" title="子变韵">子变韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%88%86%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="平分阴阳">平分阴阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" title="濁上變去">濁上變去</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="见系声母二等开口字的演变">见开二的演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="汉语族">汉语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">祖語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="原始漢藏語">原始漢藏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="原始汉语">原始汉语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">現代分支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="現代標準漢語音系">標準音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="晋语">晋语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="標準粵語">標準音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="贛語方言">方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="贛語的音韻特徵">音韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E8%A9%9E" title="贛語特徵詞">詞彙</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古百越語詞列表（页面不存在）">古百越詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古吳語詞列表（页面不存在）">古吳語詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E6%A5%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古楚語詞列表（页面不存在）">古楚語詞</a>）</li> <li>歷史（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古贛語（页面不存在）">上古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中古贛語">中古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中世贛語">中世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近世贛語">近世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近代贛語">近代</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E3%80%81%E8%B4%9B%E3%80%81%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E6%BA%90%E6%96%BC%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%80%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%AA" title="客、贛、通泰方言源於南朝通語說">南朝通语说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="贛客語支">客贛方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%B4%9B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="粵贛方言">粵贛方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%96%A9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="吳閩方言">吳閩方言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">學者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%95" title="钱大昕">钱大昕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89" title="高本汉">高本汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%85%83%E4%BB%BB" title="赵元任">赵元任</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%B8%E5%9F%B9" title="罗常培">罗常培</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%82" title="李方桂">李方桂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%90%8C%E9%BE%A2" title="董同龢">董同龢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%A0%E5%B0%9A%E8%8A%B3" title="郑张尚芳">郑张尚芳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%82%A6%E6%96%B0" title="丁邦新">丁邦新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%91" title="潘悟云">潘悟云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%84" title="陳新雄">陳新雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%BA%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%81" title="竺家宁">竺家宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91" title="谢尔盖·阿纳托利耶维奇·斯塔罗斯金">斯塔罗斯京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="白一平">白一平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="沙加尔">沙加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%AC" title="蒲立本">蒲立本</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到官话的语音演变">从中古汉语到官话的语音演变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变">从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=反切&oldid=84156021">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=反切&oldid=84156021</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:漢語音韻學">漢語音韻學</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a 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