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for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-中古汉语的等呼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中古汉语的等呼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>中古汉语的等呼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中古汉语的等呼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-晚唐至南宋的等" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#晚唐至南宋的等"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>晚唐至南宋的等</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-晚唐至南宋的等-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-假二真三与假四真三" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#假二真三与假四真三"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>假二真三与假四真三</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-假二真三与假四真三-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重紐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重紐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>重紐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重紐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-独韵与开合韵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#独韵与开合韵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>独韵与开合韵</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-独韵与开合韵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中古汉语声母的等呼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中古汉语声母的等呼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>中古汉语声母的等呼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中古汉语声母的等呼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-上古汉语的等呼" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#上古汉语的等呼"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>上古汉语的等呼</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-上古汉语的等呼-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考书目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">等呼</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。3种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="等呼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="等呼" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="等呼 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="等呼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11602723#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li 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.sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:250px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韵学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="音節">音節</a>結構</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><table style="margin: auto; text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="韻頭">韻頭</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E8%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="韻腹">韻腹</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="韻尾">韻尾</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #f9f;"> </td> <td style="background: #f6f;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="攝">韻攝</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="background: #99f;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #66f;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%BB%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韻部（页面不存在）">韻部</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #6ff;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韵母</a></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="background: #9f9;"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #6f6;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%BB%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韻目（页面不存在）">韻目</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="韻">韻</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background: #ff6;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%BB%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韻類（页面不存在）">韻類</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background: #f66; color: #fff;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9F%BB" title="小韻">小韻</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><span class="nowrap">聲母：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%9F%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB)" title="五音 (音韻)">五音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清濁</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">介音：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">等呼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%91%BC" title="四呼">四呼</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">韻腹：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%A4%96%E8%BD%89" class="mw-redirect" title="內外轉">內外轉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E6%94%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="十六攝">十六攝</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">韻尾：<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="陰聲韻">陰聲韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="阳声韵">陽聲韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="入聲韻">入聲韻</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap">聲調：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="平仄">平仄</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E4%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="舒促">舒促</a></span></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="上古漢語">上古漢語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="古音學">古音學</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="先秦音系">先秦音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="詩經">詩經</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E9%9F%B3" title="叶音">叶音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%A7%E8%81%B2" title="諧聲">諧聲</a></span></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="漢代音系">漢代音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%BC%95%E8%84%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="古無輕脣音">古無輕脣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古無舌上音">古無舌上音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E6%AD%A3%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="古無正齒音">古無正齒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E9%82%AA%E7%B4%90" title="古音無邪紐">古無邪紐</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%A5" title="娘日歸泥">娘日歸泥</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%A3" title="喻三歸匣">喻三歸匣</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A" title="喻四歸定">喻四歸定</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二歸精">照二歸精</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="照三歸知">照三歸知</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3)" title="古音 (日本漢字音)">古音</a></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" title="中古音">今音學</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－早期：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="魏晉音系">六朝音系</a>－</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="吳音">吳音</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢越音">越南漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="古漢越語">古漢越音</a></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－中期：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="隋唐音系">隋唐音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E8%81%94%E6%B3%95" title="系联法">系聯法</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B4%90" title="重紐">重紐</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%BB" title="切韻">切韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB" title="廣韻">廣韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%9F%BB" title="平水韻">平水韻</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="漢音">漢音</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" title="朝鮮漢字音">朝鮮漢字音</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢越音">越南漢字音</a></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－晚期：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="五代音系">五代音系</a>－</div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%9B%BE" title="韵图">韵图</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E9%8F%A1" title="韻鏡">韻鏡</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E9%9F%B3%E7%95%A5" title="七音略">七音略</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E6%8C%87%E6%8E%8C%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切韵指掌图（页面不存在）">切韵指掌图</a></span></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="近代漢語">近代漢語</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="早期官话">早期官話</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D#语音" class="mw-redirect" title="早期官话">北音學</a>－</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="宋代音系">宋代音系</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E6%9E%81%E7%BB%8F%E4%B8%96%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3%E5%94%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BE" title="皇极经世声音唱和图">皇极經世聲音唱和圖</a></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="元代音系">元代音系</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%BB" title="蒙古字韻">蒙古字韻</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="中原音韻">中原音韻</a></span></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="明清音系">明清音系</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E7%95%A7%E6%98%93%E9%80%9A" title="韻畧易通">韻畧易通</a></p> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">日本漢字音</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3" title="唐音">唐音</a></p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">－其它近代音系－</div> <p>近代<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%9F%BB%E6%92%AE%E8%A6%81" title="分韻撮要">分韻撮要</a> </p><p>近代<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩語">閩語</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%99%E9%9F%B3%E5%A6%99%E6%82%9F" title="彙音妙悟">彙音妙悟</a></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #cccccc; text-align: center;">記音法</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="直音">直音</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切">反切</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%9B%BE" title="韵图">韵图</a></span></p> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a></span></p></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="Portal:漢字文化圈">Portal:漢字文化圈</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:音韻學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:音韻學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:音韻學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>等呼</b>是传统<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韵学</a>概念，主要用来描述<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a>系统。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中古汉语的等呼"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.8F.A4.E6.B1.89.E8.AF.AD.E7.9A.84.E7.AD.89.E5.91.BC"></span>中古汉语的等呼</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：中古汉语的等呼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>等呼的概念基本用于描述<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a>的介音系统，最先应用在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%9B%BE" title="韵图">韵图</a>上。韵图把<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="韵书">韵书</a>中相似<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B5%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韵目（页面不存在）">韵目</a>归为一大类，称为<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="攝">攝</a></b>，每摄分四等，每等又分开口和合口两呼，共八小类。现代语言学家对<b>呼</b>的观点基本一致，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%88" title="开合"><b>开口呼</b>和<b>合口呼</b></a>，就是指有无/u/介音，同摄同等的合口呼比开口呼多介音/u/。 </p><p>相比之下，<b>等</b>的概念就较复杂，普遍观点是三等韵有类似/i/的介音，因为三等字用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切">反切</a>上字自成一套，与一二四等不同，如歌韵在韵图分为一等和三等，三等就比一等多了介音/i/。但有些摄包括的韵很多，如山摄有寒、桓、删、山、元、仙、先等韵，其中寒桓是一等，删山是二等，元是三等，先是四等，仙分为三四等。除了同意三等韵有/i/介音外，有些学者（如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89" title="高本汉">高本汉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a>）认为四等韵也有介音，有些学者（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%91" title="潘悟云">潘悟云</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%A0%E5%B0%9A%E8%8A%B3" title="郑张尚芳">郑张尚芳</a>）认为二等韵也有介音。但所有学者都同意，即使部分以介音相区别，这些韵的主元音不会全部相等。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>時的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B0%B8_(%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="江永 (人物)">江永</a>说：“一等洪大，二等次大，三四皆细，而四尤细。”可作为分等原则的粗略概括。（但是如前所见，有同一韵分为三四等，也有四等比三等洪大） </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yunjing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Yunjing.jpg/600px-Yunjing.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Yunjing.jpg/900px-Yunjing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Yunjing.jpg/1200px-Yunjing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>《韻鏡》的一页韵图。一行为一韵目，其中再分四行，即「四等」。如「籠」是一等東韵字、「六」是三等屋韵字、「〇」表示此韵此等地位上无字，以此类推。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="晚唐至南宋的等"><span id=".E6.99.9A.E5.94.90.E8.87.B3.E5.8D.97.E5.AE.8B.E7.9A.84.E7.AD.89"></span>晚唐至南宋的等</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：晚唐至南宋的等"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>迄今能找到的最早提出“等”這一術語的是晚唐的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E6%B8%A9" title="守温">守溫</a>韻學殘卷》。此時已進入中古漢語的後期。《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="韻圖">韻圖</a>》正式刊行於於公元十二世紀，此書有完整的按等排字的列表。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%91" title="潘悟云">潘悟雲</a>給此時的漢語擬音，認爲當時的音韻學家分<b>等</b>的原則是依據緊接聲母的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a>：四等是[i ̯]，三等是[i]，二等是[ɤ]，一等無介音<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>現在學界普遍認爲，三等字在上古漢語帶介音[j]／[i]，二等字在上古漢語帶介音[r]，一等字和四等字在上古漢語無介音<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="假二真三与假四真三"><span id=".E5.81.87.E4.BA.8C.E7.9C.9F.E4.B8.89.E4.B8.8E.E5.81.87.E5.9B.9B.E7.9C.9F.E4.B8.89"></span>假二真三与假四真三</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：假二真三与假四真三"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>但是由于韵图结构制定得不够严密，这规律一再被打破。传统音韵学有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a>，但韵图分给字母的位置只有二十个，于是轻唇和重唇合为一组，舌头和舌上合为一组，齿头和正齿合为一组。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a>合并了，却又要在图上表现出不同音，就只好拿<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韵母</a>来做文章，如庄、章、将都是阳韵，有/i/介音，韵母完全相同，按理应都归入三等。但它们的声母都不同，庄是庄母（照二），章是章母（照三），将是精母，却共占图中一格。等韵学家<sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句修正请求"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[谁？]</span></span></a></sup>为了表现声母的差别，只留章字在三等，强行把庄字移到二等，把将字移到四等。为了相同目的，凡应归三等的字，逢庄组都归二等，逢端精组都归四等，类似的还有以母（喻四）、邪母、俟母等，就产生了所谓<b>假二等真三等</b>、<b>假四等真三等</b>之说。 </p><p>以四等為例，《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E9%9F%BB" title="廣韻">廣韻</a>》的四等韻並不多，共計有齊韻、先韻、蕭韻、青韻、添韻五個（平賅四聲）。但《韻鏡》等韻圖含有四等字的韻明顯較多，它們排在四等上的原因，主要是兩種情況： </p> <ol><li>三等精組字，都在三等韻且與三等系聯。以母也是如此。</li> <li>支、脂、祭、真、（諄）、仙、宵、侵、鹽八組三等韻系的唇、牙、喉聲母字有兩類，《韻鏡》把其中一類放在三等，一類放在四等，這些也不是真四等。</li></ol> <p>這些假四等的字，同樣是跟同韻的三等韻系聯。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="重紐"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E7.B4.90"></span>重紐</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：重紐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B4%90" title="重紐">重紐</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="独韵与开合韵"><span id=".E7.8B.AC.E9.9F.B5.E4.B8.8E.E5.BC.80.E5.90.88.E9.9F.B5"></span>独韵与开合韵</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：独韵与开合韵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>并不是所有韵母都有开口与合口对立，在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E6%8C%87%E6%8E%8C%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="切韵指掌图（页面不存在）">切韵指掌图</a>》裡不分开合口的韵标明为<b>独韵</b>；既有开口又有合口的韵，标明为<b>开合韵</b>。后来的韵书把独韵分别归入开口或合口，如把東韵归合口，侵韵归开口。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%A6%AE_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)" title="李榮 (語言學家)">李荣</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%BB%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="切韻音系">切韵音系</a>》认为独韵没有/u/介音，后来归合口的独韵是因为有圆唇主元音；又认为开合韵的脣音字和独韵一样没有开合口对立，可和开口字互切，也可和合口字互切，脣音字可以认为是开口。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中古汉语声母的等呼"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.8F.A4.E6.B1.89.E8.AF.AD.E5.A3.B0.E6.AF.8D.E7.9A.84.E7.AD.89.E5.91.BC"></span>中古汉语声母的等呼</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：中古汉语声母的等呼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中古汉语除了韵母分为不同等呼外，声母也有等呼属性，决定了声母只能和特定等呼的韵母相拼，一定程度上反映了来自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a>的历史痕迹。 </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center"> <caption>切韻聲母等呼分佈表<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">字母</th> <th colspan="5">開口</th> <th colspan="5">合口 </th></tr> <tr> <th>一</th> <th>二</th> <th>三甲<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>三乙<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>四</th> <th>一</th> <th>二</th> <th>三甲</th> <th>三乙</th> <th>四 </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>幫滂並明</b></td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>端透定泥</b></td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>來</b></td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>知徹澄娘</b></td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>精清從心</b></td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>邪</b></td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>章昌常書船日</b></td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>莊初牀山</b></td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>俟</b></td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>見溪疑影曉</b></td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>群</b></td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>匣</b></td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>云</b></td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－ </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>以</b></td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>－</td> <td>＋</td> <td>－ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="上古汉语的等呼"><span id=".E4.B8.8A.E5.8F.A4.E6.B1.89.E8.AF.AD.E7.9A.84.E7.AD.89.E5.91.BC"></span>上古汉语的等呼</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：上古汉语的等呼"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a>没有提出等呼的概念，但有学者认为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a>的等呼是由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a>的类似系统演变而成，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a>认为上古汉语的韵部也有两呼四等，主元音相同，以介音来区别，如开口一等无介音，二三四等介音依次为/<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">e</span>/、/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɪ</span>/、/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">i</span>/等。<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%AC" title="蒲立本">蒲立本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%A0%E5%B0%9A%E8%8A%B3" title="郑张尚芳">郑张尚芳</a>等则认为中古汉语三等字在上古汉语有短元音。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%82" title="李方桂">李方桂</a>根据来母少二等字，认为中古汉语的二等字，包括假二等真三等，是由上古汉语的介音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">r</span>演变而成，这观点现獲普遍接受；又有学者认为重纽三等在上古也有介音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">r</span>；<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%82" title="李方桂">李方桂</a>又认为上古没有/u/介音，中古的/u/介音是由长元音裂变和圆唇舌根音产生。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%9B%BE" title="韵图">韵图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%91%BC" title="四呼">四呼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E9%9F%B3" title="切韵音">切韵音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wenku.baidu.com/view/89b61715f011f18583d049649b6648d7c1c70860.html">潘悟雲張洪明漢語中古音</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-10-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029213740/https://wenku.baidu.com/view/89b61715f011f18583d049649b6648d7c1c70860.html">存档</a>于2019-10-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&rft.btitle=%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E9%9B%B2+%E5%BC%B5%E6%B4%AA%E6%98%8E+%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwenku.baidu.com%2Fview%2F89b61715f011f18583d049649b6648d7c1c70860.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/5641434/_Chinese_translation_of_Ferlus_M._2009_What_were_the_four_divisions_of_Middle_Chinese">Michel Ferlus：中古汉语四等的来龙去脉</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-10-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190930171048/https://www.academia.edu/5641434/_Chinese_translation_of_Ferlus_M._2009_What_were_the_four_divisions_of_Middle_Chinese">存档</a>于2019-09-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&rft.btitle=Michel+Ferlus%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%9B%E7%AD%89%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A5%E9%BE%99%E5%8E%BB%E8%84%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F5641434%2F_Chinese_translation_of_Ferlus_M._2009_What_were_the_four_divisions_of_Middle_Chinese&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 白一平(1992) A Handbook o/Old Chinese Phonology</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 白一平(1995) Les consonnes sonores finales du chinois archaïque</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">參考<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%A6%AE_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)" title="李榮 (語言學家)">李榮</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%BB%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="切韻音系">切韻音系</a>》，只含極少数冷僻字的不計入。李書區分獨韻與開合韻，並認為開合韻脣音同獨韻，本表概將獨韻和脣音視為開口。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">包括包括假二等真三等（李書丑類）、重紐三等（李書寅類B）和庚韻三等。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">包括假四等真三等（李書丑類）、重紐四等（李書寅類A）和微殷文元嚴凡廢韻。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">此類後別為<b>非敷奉微</b>，以致<b>幫滂並明</b>無合口三等字，<b>非敷奉微</b>只有三等字。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">只有少量冷僻字。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考书目"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E4.B9.A6.E7.9B.AE"></span>参考书目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E5%91%BC&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参考书目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="中国大百科全书">中国大百科全书</a>》语言文字卷，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="中国大百科全书出版社">中国大百科全书出版社</a>，光盘1.1版</li> <li>Guillaume Jacques, <i>Introduction to Chinese Historical Phonology</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%A6%AE_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)" title="李榮 (語言學家)">李荣</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%BB%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="切韻音系">切韵音系</a>》，1956年10月，科学出版社。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%82" title="李方桂">李方桂</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古音研究（页面不存在）">上古音研究</a>》</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="汉语音韵学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:漢語音韻學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:漢語音韻學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:漢語音韻學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="汉语音韵学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韵学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="漢字注音史">注音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95" title="直音法">直音法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%88%87" title="反切">反切</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%AF%80%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="漢語音節結構">音節結構</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 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title="四呼">四呼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E8%85%B9" title="韵腹">韵腹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%B0%BE" title="韵尾">韵尾</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5" title="舒声韵">舒声韵</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5#陰聲韻" title="舒声韵">阴声韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B5#陽聲韻" title="舒声韵">阳声韵</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2" title="入聲">入聲韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%9F%BB" title="空韻">空韻</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2" title="四聲">四聲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%84" title="平仄">平仄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%80%BC" title="調值">調值</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%BA%A6%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95" title="五度标记法">五度标记法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%88%E6%B3%95" title="發圈法">發圈法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E8%AA%BF" title="變調">變調</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%B2%E5%88%A5%E7%BE%A9" title="四聲別義">四聲別義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%99%BD%E5%85%A5" title="高陽入">高陽入</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E9%99%B0%E5%85%A5" title="低陰入">低陰入</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="汉语拼音音节列表">汉语拼音音节列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96#汉语兒化韻表" title="兒化">汉语儿化韵表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="古代汉语">古代汉语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="上古音">上古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="先秦音系">先秦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="漢代音系">漢代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%9B%E5%A3%B0" title="古四声">古四声</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%BC%95%E8%84%A3%E9%9F%B3" title="古無輕脣音">古無輕唇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E8%88%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="古無舌上音">古無舌上</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%84%A1%E6%AD%A3%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="古無正齒音">古無正齒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E9%82%AA%E7%B4%90" title="古音無邪紐">古無邪紐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%B8%E6%B3%A5" title="娘日歸泥">娘日歸泥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%A3" title="喻三歸匣">喻三歸匣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E5%9B%9B%E6%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A" title="喻四歸定">喻四歸定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%BA%8C%E6%AD%B8%E7%B2%BE" title="照二歸精">照二歸精</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E4%B8%89%E6%AD%B8%E7%9F%A5" title="照三歸知">照三歸知</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E9%9F%B3" title="叶音">叶音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%BF%81%E8%BC%94%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%B0%BE%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA" title="上古漢語濁輔音韻尾假說">濁輔音韻尾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3" title="中古音">中古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="魏晉音系">魏晉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="隋唐音系">隋唐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="五代音系">五代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%B4%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="宋代汴洛语音">宋代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%81%B2%E6%AF%8D" title="中古聲母">中古聲母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="三十六字母">三十六字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E9%9F%B5%E9%9F%B3" title="切韵音">切韵音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="等韻學">等韻學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E6%9B%B8" title="韻書">韻書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="韻圖">韻圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%B3%95" title="门法">门法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%9F%BB" title="小韻">小韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E8%81%94%E6%B3%95" title="系联法">系联法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D" title="攝">攝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%9F%BB" title="平水韻">平水韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83" title="十三元">十三元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%B4%90" title="重紐">重紐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E6%96%87" title="異文">異文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="对音">对音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="洛阳音">洛阳音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%B1%89%E5%AF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="梵汉对音">梵汉对音</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="近代汉语">近古音</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">音系</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="元代音系">元代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%88%9D%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明初官话音系">明初</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="明清官話音系">明清</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">現代</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9B%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="尖团音">尖团音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%BF%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="平翹音">平翹音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96" title="兒化">兒化音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%98%E9%9F%B5" title="子变韵">子变韵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%88%86%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="平分阴阳">平分阴阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%8A%E5%8E%BB" title="濁上變去">濁上變去</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D%E4%BA%8C%E7%AD%89%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="见系声母二等开口字的演变">见开二的演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="汉语族">汉语族</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">祖語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%BC%A2%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="原始漢藏語">原始漢藏語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="原始汉语">原始汉语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="汉语方言">現代分支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="現代標準漢語音系">標準音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="晋语">晋语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%AF%AD" title="湘语">湘语</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%9D" title="客家话">客家话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="標準粵語">標準音系</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="贛語方言">方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5" title="贛語的音韻特徵">音韻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%B5%E8%A9%9E" title="贛語特徵詞">詞彙</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古百越語詞列表（页面不存在）">古百越詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古吳語詞列表（页面不存在）">古吳語詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E6%A5%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語中的古楚語詞列表（页面不存在）">古楚語詞</a>）</li> <li>歷史（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古贛語（页面不存在）">上古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中古贛語">中古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="中世贛語">中世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近世贛語">近世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="近代贛語">近代</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E3%80%81%E8%B4%9B%E3%80%81%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E6%BA%90%E6%96%BC%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%80%9A%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%AA" title="客、贛、通泰方言源於南朝通語說">南朝通语说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="贛客語支">客贛方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%B4%9B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="粵贛方言">粵贛方言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%96%A9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="吳閩方言">吳閩方言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">學者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%95" title="钱大昕">钱大昕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89" title="高本汉">高本汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%85%83%E4%BB%BB" title="赵元任">赵元任</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%B8%E5%9F%B9" title="罗常培">罗常培</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%82" title="李方桂">李方桂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%90%8C%E9%BE%A2" title="董同龢">董同龢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%BC%A0%E5%B0%9A%E8%8A%B3" title="郑张尚芳">郑张尚芳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%82%A6%E6%96%B0" title="丁邦新">丁邦新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E6%82%9F%E4%BA%91" title="潘悟云">潘悟云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%84" title="陳新雄">陳新雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%BA%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%81" title="竺家宁">竺家宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%88%A9%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91" title="谢尔盖·阿纳托利耶维奇·斯塔罗斯金">斯塔罗斯京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B3" title="白一平">白一平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="沙加尔">沙加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%AC" title="蒲立本">蒲立本</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到官话的语音演变">从中古汉语到官话的语音演变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%88%B0%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变">从中古汉语到吴语的语音演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=等呼&oldid=84697185">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=等呼&oldid=84697185</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="Category:漢語音韻學">漢語音韻學</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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