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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B5_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="مغص كلوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مغص كلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95" title="রেনাল কোলিক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেনাল কোলিক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2lic_renal" title="Còlic renal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Còlic renal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_kolika" title="Renální kolika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Renální kolika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nierenkolik" title="Nierenkolik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nierenkolik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8_%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%80%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ގުރުދާގައި ރިހުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގުރުދާގައި ރިހުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3lico_nefr%C3%ADtico" title="Cólico nefrítico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cólico nefrítico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giltzurruneko_koliko" title="Giltzurruneko koliko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Giltzurruneko koliko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C" title="قولنج کلیوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قولنج کلیوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colique_n%C3%A9phr%C3%A9tique" title="Colique néphrétique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Colique néphrétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%A9" title="Երիկամային խիթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երիկամային խիթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colica_renale" title="Colica renale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colica renale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="קוליק כליות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוליק כליות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyrak_sanchig%CA%BBi" title="Buyrak sanchigʻi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buyrak sanchigʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolka_nerkowa" title="Kolka nerkowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolka nerkowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3lica_renal" title="Cólica renal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cólica renal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Почечная колика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Почечная колика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бубрежна колика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бубрежна колика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Бөер авыртуы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бөер авыртуы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_kolik" title="Renal kolik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Renal kolik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Renal colic</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pos-renal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Pos-renal.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="265" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Localization of pain caused by kidney stones</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609202?uselang=en#P1995" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Complication_(medicine)" title="Complication (medicine)">Complications</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury" title="Acute kidney injury">Acute kidney injury</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Renal colic</b>, also known as <b>ureteric colic</b>, is a type of <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_pain" title="Abdominal pain">abdominal pain</a> commonly caused by obstruction of <a href="/wiki/Ureter" title="Ureter">ureter</a> from dislodged <a href="/wiki/Kidney_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidney stone">kidney stones</a>. The most frequent site of obstruction is the vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ), the narrowest point of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_urinary_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper urinary tract">upper urinary tract</a>. Acute obstruction and the resultant urinary stasis (disruption of <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> flow) can distend the ureter (<a href="/wiki/Hydroureter" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroureter">hydroureter</a>) and cause a <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflexive</a> <a href="/wiki/Peristaltic" class="mw-redirect" title="Peristaltic">peristaltic</a> <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth muscle</a> <a href="/wiki/Spasm" title="Spasm">spasm</a>, which leads to a very intense <a href="/wiki/Visceral_pain" title="Visceral pain">visceral pain</a> transmitted via the <a href="/wiki/Ureteric_plexus" title="Ureteric plexus">ureteric plexus</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renal_colic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Signs and symptoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Renal <a href="/wiki/Colic" title="Colic">colic</a> typically begins in the <a href="/wiki/Flank_(anatomy)" title="Flank (anatomy)">flank</a> and often radiates to below the ribs or the <a href="/wiki/Groin" title="Groin">groin</a>. It typically comes in waves due to <a href="/wiki/Ureter" title="Ureter">ureteric</a> <a href="/wiki/Peristalsis" title="Peristalsis">peristalsis</a>, but may be constant. It is often described as one of the most severe pains.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although this condition can be very painful, most ureteric stones under 5 mm size will eventually pass into the bladder without needing treatments, and cause no permanent physical damage. The experience is said to be traumatizing due to the severe pain, and the experience of <a href="/wiki/Hematuria" title="Hematuria">passing blood and clots</a> as well as pieces of stone. In most cases, people with renal colic are advised to drink more water to facilitate passing; in other instances, <a href="/wiki/Lithotripsy" title="Lithotripsy">lithotripsy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Urology#Endourology" title="Urology">endoscopic surgery</a> may be needed. Preventive treatment can be instituted to minimize the likelihood of recurrence.<sup id="cite_ref-titleeMedicine_-_Nephrolithiasis:_Acute_Renal_Colic:_Article_by_Stephen_W_Leslie_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titleeMedicine_-_Nephrolithiasis:_Acute_Renal_Colic:_Article_by_Stephen_W_Leslie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renal_colic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The diagnosis of renal colic is the same as the diagnosis for renal calculus and ureteric stones.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differential_diagnosis">Differential diagnosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renal_colic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Differential diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A renal colic must be differentiated from the following conditions:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biliary_colic" title="Biliary colic">biliary colic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cholecystitis" title="Cholecystitis">cholecystitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_aneurysm" title="Aortic aneurysm">aortic</a> and iliac <a href="/wiki/Aneurysm" title="Aneurysm">aneurysms</a> (in older patients with left-side pain, hypertension or atherosclerosis)</li> <li>interstitial: <a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">appendicitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diverticulitis" title="Diverticulitis">diverticulitis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Peritonitis" title="Peritonitis">peritonitis</a> (in this case patients prefer to lie still rather than being restless<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>gynaecological: <a href="/wiki/Endometriosis" title="Endometriosis">endometriosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_torsion" title="Ovarian torsion">ovarian torsion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ectopic_pregnancy" title="Ectopic pregnancy">ectopic pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testicular_torsion" title="Testicular torsion">testicular torsion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renal_colic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most small stones are passed spontaneously and only <a href="/wiki/Pain_management" title="Pain management">pain management</a> is required. Above 5 mm (0.20 in) the rate of spontaneous stone passage decreases.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NSAID" class="mw-redirect" title="NSAID">NSAIDs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug">non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a>), such as <a href="/wiki/Diclofenac" title="Diclofenac">diclofenac</a><sup id="cite_ref-titleeIntravenous_NSAID's_in_the_management_of_renal_colic:_Article_by_Debasis_Das_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titleeIntravenous_NSAID's_in_the_management_of_renal_colic:_Article_by_Debasis_Das-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">ibuprofen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antispasmodics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antispasmodics">antispasmodics</a> like <a href="/wiki/Butylscopolamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Butylscopolamine">butylscopolamine</a> are used. Although <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> may be administered to assist with emergency pain management, it is often not recommended as morphine is addictive and raises ureteral pressure, worsening the condition. Vomiting is also considered an important adverse effect of opioids, mainly with <a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine">pethidine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oral narcotic medications are also often used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There is typically no <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antalgic" class="extiw" title="wikt:antalgic">antalgic</a> position for the patient (lying down on the non-aching side and applying a hot bottle or towel to the area affected may help). Larger stones may require surgical intervention for their removal, such as <a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_shock_wave_lithotripsy" class="mw-redirect" title="Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy">shockwave lithotripsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laser_lithotripsy" title="Laser lithotripsy">laser lithotripsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ureteroscopy" title="Ureteroscopy">ureteroscopy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Percutaneous_nephrolithotomy" title="Percutaneous nephrolithotomy">percutaneous nephrolithotomy</a>. Patients can also be treated with <a href="/wiki/Alpha_blocker" title="Alpha blocker">alpha blockers</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in cases where the stone is located in the <a href="/wiki/Ureter" title="Ureter">ureter</a>. </p><p>A 2019 review found three cases of renal colic were <a href="/wiki/Hydronephrosis" title="Hydronephrosis">hydronephrosis</a> caused by malpositioned <a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cup" title="Menstrual cup">menstrual cups</a> pressing on a ureter. When the cups were removed, the symptoms disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet_review_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renal_colic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437096-Overview">Nephrolithiasis~Overview</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a> § Background.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-titleeMedicine_-_Nephrolithiasis:_Acute_Renal_Colic:_Article_by_Stephen_W_Leslie-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-titleeMedicine_-_Nephrolithiasis:_Acute_Renal_Colic:_Article_by_Stephen_W_Leslie_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic3437.htm">"eMedicine - Nephrolithiasis: Acute Renal Colic: Article by Stephen W Leslie"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Menstrual+cup+use%2C+leakage%2C+acceptability%2C+safety%2C+and+availability%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=e376-e393&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6669309%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2468-2667&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31324419&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS2468-2667%2819%2930111-2&rft.aulast=Eijk&rft.aufirst=Anna+Maria+van&rft.au=Zulaika%2C+Garazi&rft.au=Lenchner%2C+Madeline&rft.au=Mason%2C+Linda&rft.au=Sivakami%2C+Muthusamy&rft.au=Nyothach%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Unger%2C+Holger&rft.au=Laserson%2C+Kayla&rft.au=Phillips-Howard%2C+Penelope+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6669309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenal+colic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 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href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=788.0">788.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D056844">D056844</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb26026.htm">26026</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNOMED_CT" title="SNOMED CT">SNOMED CT</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snomed.info/id/7093002">7093002</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Diseases_of_the_urinary_tract" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Urinary_tract_disease" title="Template:Urinary tract disease"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urinary_tract_disease" title="Template talk:Urinary tract disease"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urinary_tract_disease" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urinary tract disease"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diseases_of_the_urinary_tract" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diseases of the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary tract">urinary tract</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ureter" title="Ureter">Ureter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ureteritis" title="Ureteritis">Ureteritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ureterocele" title="Ureterocele">Ureterocele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaureter" title="Megaureter">Megaureter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ureteric_stricture" title="Ureteric stricture">Ureteric stricture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder_disease" title="Urinary bladder disease">Bladder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection" title="Urinary tract infection">Cystitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_cystitis" title="Interstitial cystitis">Interstitial cystitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunner%27s_ulcer" title="Hunner's ulcer">Hunner's ulcer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigonitis" title="Trigonitis">Trigonitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemorrhagic_cystitis" title="Hemorrhagic cystitis">Hemorrhagic cystitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurogenic_bladder_dysfunction" title="Neurogenic bladder dysfunction">Neurogenic bladder dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladder_sphincter_dyssynergia" title="Bladder sphincter dyssynergia">Bladder sphincter dyssynergia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesicointestinal_fistula" title="Vesicointestinal fistula">Vesicointestinal fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesicoureteral_reflux" title="Vesicoureteral reflux">Vesicoureteral reflux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urethra" title="Urethra">Urethra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urethritis" title="Urethritis">Urethritis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-gonococcal_urethritis" title="Non-gonococcal urethritis">Non-gonococcal urethritis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_syndrome" title="Urethral syndrome">Urethral syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_stricture" title="Urethral stricture">Urethral stricture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatal_stenosis" title="Meatal stenosis">Meatal stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_caruncle" title="Urethral caruncle">Urethral caruncle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Any/all</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urologic_chronic_pelvic_pain_syndrome" title="Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome">Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstructive_uropathy" title="Obstructive uropathy">Obstructive uropathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection" title="Urinary tract infection">Urinary tract infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroperitoneal_fibrosis" title="Retroperitoneal fibrosis">Retroperitoneal fibrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urolithiasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Urolithiasis">Urolithiasis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bladder_stone" title="Bladder stone">Bladder stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidney stone">Kidney stone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Renal colic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malakoplakia" title="Malakoplakia">Malakoplakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence" title="Urinary incontinence">Urinary incontinence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stress_incontinence" title="Stress incontinence">Stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overactive_bladder" title="Overactive bladder">Urge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overflow_incontinence" title="Overflow incontinence">Overflow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_urinary_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Urinary_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urinary_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Urinary system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urinary_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_urinary_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_system" title="Urinary system">urinary system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysuria" title="Dysuria">Dysuria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Renal colic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costovertebral_angle_tenderness" title="Costovertebral angle tenderness">Costovertebral angle tenderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesical_tenesmus" title="Vesical tenesmus">Vesical tenesmus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence" title="Urinary incontinence">Urinary incontinence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enuresis" title="Enuresis">Enuresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diurnal_enuresis" title="Diurnal enuresis">Diurnal enuresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giggle_incontinence" title="Giggle incontinence">Giggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_enuresis" title="Nocturnal enuresis">Nocturnal enuresis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-void_dribbling" title="Post-void dribbling">Post-void dribbling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_incontinence" title="Stress incontinence">Stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overactive_bladder" title="Overactive bladder">Urge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overflow_incontinence" title="Overflow incontinence">Overflow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_retention" title="Urinary retention">Urinary retention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliguria" title="Oliguria">Oliguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuria" title="Anuria">Anuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyuria" title="Polyuria">Polyuria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_urinary_tract_symptoms" title="Lower urinary tract symptoms">Lower urinary tract symptoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocturia" title="Nocturia">Nocturia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_urgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary urgency">urgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequent_urination" title="Frequent urination">frequency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extravasation_of_urine" title="Extravasation of urine">Extravasation of urine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uremia" title="Uremia">Uremia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_eponymously_named_medical_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of eponymously named medical signs">Eponymous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addis_count" title="Addis count">Addis count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewer_infarcts" title="Brewer infarcts">Brewer infarcts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_sign" title="Lloyd's sign">Lloyd's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathe%27s_sign" title="Mathe's sign">Mathe's sign</a></li></ul> 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