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class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ancestors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فيليب الثاني دوق أورليان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيليب الثاني دوق أورليان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Filipp_(Orlean_hersoqu)" title="II Filipp (Orlean hersoqu) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Filipp (Orlean hersoqu)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_II_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Филип II Орлеански – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Филип II Орлеански" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_II,_vojvoda_Orl%C3%A9ansa" title="Filip II, vojvoda Orléansa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Filip II, vojvoda Orléansa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1674-1723)" title="Philippe d'Orléans (1674-1723) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Philippe d'Orléans (1674-1723)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felip_d%27Orleans,_Regent_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Felip d'Orleans, Regent de França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Felip d'Orleans, Regent de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_II._Orle%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD" title="Filip II. Orleánský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Filip II. Orleánský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_2._af_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filip 2. af Orléans – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Filip 2. af Orléans" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_II._de_Bourbon,_duc_d%E2%80%99Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II. de Bourbon, duc d’Orléans – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Philippe II. de Bourbon, duc d’Orléans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%80%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82_(1674-1723)" title="Φίλιππος της Ορλεάνης (1674-1723) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φίλιππος της Ορλεάνης (1674-1723)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_II_de_Orleans" title="Felipe II de Orleans – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Felipe II de Orleans" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipo_de_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filipo de Orléans – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Filipo de Orléans" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipe_II.a_Orleanskoa" title="Filipe II.a Orleanskoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Filipe II.a Orleanskoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فیلیپ دوم، دوک اورلئان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلیپ دوم، دوک اورلئان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1674-1723)" title="Philippe d'Orléans (1674-1723) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philippe d'Orléans (1674-1723)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%84_2%EC%84%B8_%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%BC%EB%A0%88%EC%95%99_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9E%91" title="필리프 2세 도를레앙 공작 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="필리프 2세 도를레앙 공작" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_II._Orleanski" title="Filip II. Orleanski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Filip II. Orleanski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippus_2._hertogi_af_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filippus 2. hertogi af Orléans – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Filippus 2. hertogi af Orléans" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_II_di_Borbone-Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filippo II di Borbone-Orléans – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filippo II di Borbone-Orléans" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F" title="פיליפ השני, דוכס אורליאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיליפ השני, דוכס אורליאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E_II_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ფილიპ II ორლეანელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფილიპ II ორლეანელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p_orl%C3%A9ans-i_herceg_(1674%E2%80%931723)" title="Fülöp orléans-i herceg (1674–1723) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fülöp orléans-i herceg (1674–1723)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فيليب التانى دوق اورليان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيليب التانى دوق اورليان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filips_van_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1674-1723)" title="Filips van Orléans (1674-1723) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Filips van Orléans (1674-1723)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%972%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E5%85%AC)" title="フィリップ2世 (オルレアン公) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィリップ2世 (オルレアン公)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_II_av_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filip II av Orléans – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Filip II av Orléans" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_av_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Filip av Orléans – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Filip av Orléans" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_II_Orlea%C5%84ski" title="Filip II Orleański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filip II Orleański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipe_II,_duque_de_Orle%C3%A3es" title="Filipe II, duque de Orleães – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filipe II, duque de Orleães" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_al_II-lea,_Duce_de_Orl%C3%A9ans,_Regent_al_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Filip al II-lea, Duce de Orléans, Regent al Franței – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Filip al II-lea, Duce de Orléans, Regent al Franței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF_II_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Филипп II Орлеанский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Филипп II Орлеанский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_II._Orleanski" title="Filip II. Orleanski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Filip II. Orleanski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_II,_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Филип II, војвода од Орлеана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Филип II, војвода од Орлеана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_II_(Orl%C3%A9ans)" title="Filip II (Orléans) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Filip II (Orléans)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Philippe II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Duke of Orléans</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_in_armour_by_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Portrait_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_in_armour_by_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.png/220px-Portrait_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_in_armour_by_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Portrait_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_in_armour_by_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.png/330px-Portrait_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_in_armour_by_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Portrait_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_in_armour_by_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.png/440px-Portrait_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_in_armour_by_Jean-Baptiste_Santerre.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1372" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Santerre" title="Jean-Baptiste Santerre">Jean-Baptiste Santerre</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regent_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Regent of France">Regent of France</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gence" title="Régence">Regency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">1 September 1715 –<br />15 February 1723</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_of_France" title="Chief minister of France">First Minister of State</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 August 1723 – 2 December 1723</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Louis XV</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Dubois" title="Guillaume Dubois">Guillaume Dubois</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henri,_Duke_of_Bourbon" title="Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon">Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Philippe Charles, duc de Chartres<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1674-08-02</span>)</span>2 August 1674<br /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint_Cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Saint Cloud">Château de Saint Cloud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 December 1723<span style="display:none">(1723-12-02)</span> (aged 49)<br /><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St_Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St Denis">Basilica of St Denis</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Françoise Marie de Bourbon">Françoise Marie de Bourbon</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1692)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Issue">Detail</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans">Adélaïde, Abbess of Chelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Agla%C3%A9_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans">Charlotte Aglaé, Duchess of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Élisabeth, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans">Philippine Élisabeth, Mademoiselle de Beaujolais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Diane_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Diane d'Orléans">Louise Diane, Princess of Conti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Jean Philippe d'Orléans">Jean Philippe d'Orléans</a> (ill.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_de_Froissy" title="Angélique de Froissy">Angélique de Froissy</a> (ill.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">Orléans</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe I, duc d'Orléans">Philippe I, duc d'Orléans</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate">Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1708),_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_future_Regent_of_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philippe II's signature"><img alt="Philippe II's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Signature_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_%281708%29%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_future_Regent_of_France.jpg/125px-Signature_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_%281708%29%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_future_Regent_of_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Signature_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_%281708%29%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_future_Regent_of_France.jpg/188px-Signature_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_%281708%29%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_future_Regent_of_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Signature_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_%281708%29%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_future_Regent_of_France.jpg/250px-Signature_of_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_%281708%29%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_future_Regent_of_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="115" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</b> (Philippe Charles; 2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723), was a French prince, soldier, and statesman who served as <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regent</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> from 1715 to 1723. He is referred to in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> as <i>le Régent</i>. He was the son of <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur" title="Monsieur">Monsieur</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orleans" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orleans">Philippe I, Duke of Orleans</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Madam" title="Madam">Madame</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Charlotte,_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans">Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans</a>. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth by the title of Duke of Chartres. </p><p>In 1692, Philippe married his first cousin <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Françoise Marie de Bourbon">Françoise Marie de Bourbon</a>, the youngest legitimised daughter (<i>légitimée de France</i>) of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">King Louis XIV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Montespan" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame de Montespan">Madame de Montespan</a>. Named regent of France during the minority of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>, his great-nephew and first cousin twice removed,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the period of his <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> rule was known as the Regency (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gence" title="Régence">Régence</a></i>) (1715–1723). The Regency came to an end in February 1723, and the Duke of Orléans died at Versailles in December. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parents">Parents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Parents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1661, <a href="/wiki/Monsieur" title="Monsieur">Monsieur</a> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orleans" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orleans">Philippe I, Duke of Orleans</a>, married his first cousin <a href="/wiki/Princess_Henrietta_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Henrietta of England">Princess Henrietta of England</a>, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Madam" title="Madam">Madame</a></i> at court; she was the sister of <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles II of England">King Charles II of England</a>. The marriage was stormy; Henrietta was a famed beauty, sometimes depicted as flirtatious by those at the <a href="/wiki/Court_(royal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court (royal)">court</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>. Nonetheless, the marriage produced three children: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1662%E2%80%931689)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans (1662–1689)">Marie Louise</a>, later <a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_royal_consorts" title="List of Spanish royal consorts">Queen of Spain</a>; <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a>, who died in infancy; and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Sardinia">Queen of Sardinia</a>. Madame Henriette died at Saint-Cloud in 1670; rumors abounded that she had been poisoned by her husband or his long-term lover, the <a href="/wiki/Chevalier_de_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevalier de Lorraine">Chevalier de Lorraine</a>; the two would remain together till the death of the Duke of Orléans in 1701. </p><p>In the following year, the Duke of Orléans married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate">Princess Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a>, only daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_Louis,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine">Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Landgravine_Charlotte_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel">Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel</a>. The new Duchess of Orléans, who had converted from <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> just before entering France, was popular at court upon her arrival in 1671. In 1673 the Duke and Duchess had a son named Alexandre Louis, another short-lived Duke of Valois. The next year, the Duchess gave birth to Philippe Charles, the future Regent. A daughter, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Duchess_of_Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess of Lorraine">Duchess of Lorraine</a>, was born in 1676. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Youth">Youth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis14-Versailles1685.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louis14-Versailles1685.jpg/220px-Louis14-Versailles1685.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louis14-Versailles1685.jpg/330px-Louis14-Versailles1685.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louis14-Versailles1685.jpg/440px-Louis14-Versailles1685.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption>The 10-year-old Duke of Chartres in red on the right; the scene depicts the <i><a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">Doge of Genoa</a> at <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a> on 15 May 1685</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Philippe Charles d'Orléans was born at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Saint-Cloud" title="Château de Saint-Cloud">Château de Saint-Cloud</a>, some ten kilometers west of Paris. As the grandson of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a>, Philippe was a <i><a href="/wiki/Petit-fils_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Petit-fils de France">petit-fils de France</a></i>. This entitled him to the <a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">style</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Highness" title="Royal Highness">Royal Highness</a></i> from birth, as well as the right to be seated in an armchair in the king's presence.<sup id="cite_ref-brother_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brother-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At his birth, he was titled <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Chartres" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Chartres">Duke of Chartres</a> and was formally addressed as <i>Monseigneur le Duc de Chartres</i>. As the second living son of his parents, his birth was not greeted with the enthusiasm the Duke of Valois had received in 1673.<sup id="cite_ref-Pevitt_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pevitt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 9">: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippeducdorle00pevi/page/9">9</a> </span></sup> </p><p>Philippe was born fourth in <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">line to the throne</a>, coming after <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1661%E2%80%931711)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1661–1711)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a>, his own father, and his older brother. When Philippe was born, his uncle Louis XIV was at the height of his power. </p><p> In 1676, his older brother the Duke of Valois died at the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a> in Paris, making Philippe the new heir to the House of Orléans; the future heirs of the family would be known as Duke of Chartres (<i>Duc de Chartres</i>) for the next century. The distraught mother of Philippe was pregnant at the time with <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans</a> (1676–1744), future Duchess and regent of Lorraine. Élisabeth Charlotte and Philippe would always remain close.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe,_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_R%C3%A9gent_de_France_-_Versailles_MV_4300.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Philippe%2C_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_R%C3%A9gent_de_France_-_Versailles_MV_4300.jpg/200px-Philippe%2C_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_R%C3%A9gent_de_France_-_Versailles_MV_4300.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Philippe%2C_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_R%C3%A9gent_de_France_-_Versailles_MV_4300.jpg/300px-Philippe%2C_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_R%C3%A9gent_de_France_-_Versailles_MV_4300.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Philippe%2C_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_R%C3%A9gent_de_France_-_Versailles_MV_4300.jpg/400px-Philippe%2C_duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_R%C3%A9gent_de_France_-_Versailles_MV_4300.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>Philippe c. 1678</figcaption></figure> <p>The Duke of Chartres grew up at his father's "private" court at Saint-Cloud and in Paris at the Palais-Royal, the Parisian residence of the Orléans family until the arrest of <a href="/wiki/Philippe_%C3%89galit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe Égalité">Philippe Égalité</a> (his grandson) in April 1793, during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Palais-Royal was frequented by, among others, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_Mancini" title="Marie Anne Mancini">Marie Anne Mancini</a>, Duchess of Bouillon, part of Philippe's father's libertine circle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duke_of_Chartres_by_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Chartres_by_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg/220px-Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Chartres_by_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Chartres_by_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg/330px-Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Chartres_by_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duke_of_Chartres_by_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>Philippe in 1686 by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re" title="Nicolas de Largillière">Nicolas de Largillière</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A program of how best to educate a prince was drawn up exclusively for him by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Dubois" title="Guillaume Dubois">Guillaume Dubois</a>, his preceptor.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dubois had entered Philippe's household in 1683 as his "under-preceptor". Philippe's education was carried out by the respected instructor Nicholas-François Parisot de Saint-Laurent until 1687.<sup id="cite_ref-Pevitt_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pevitt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippeducdorle00pevi/page/23">23</a> </span></sup> </p><p>Each course of study taught the <i>Duc de Chartres</i> the "principles" or "elements" of a subject. Some of the best historians, genealogists, scientists and artists in the kingdom participated in this educational experiment, which started around 1689. For example, Philippe learned physics and mathematics from <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sauveur" title="Joseph Sauveur">Joseph Sauveur</a>; and from <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Louli%C3%A9" title="Étienne Loulié">Étienne Loulié</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he learned musical notation, elementary musical theory, plus the basics of playing the viol and the recorder. </p><p>Chartres was reared alongside <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Rouvroy,_duc_de_Saint-Simon" title="Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon">Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon</a>, later famous for his memoirs and defense of the rights of the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_France" title="Peerage of France">peerage of France</a>; Saint-Simon often accompanied the duke, and his wife was later a <a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">lady-in-waiting</a> to Philippe's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans</a>, Duchesse de Berry. </p><p>Next, collaborating to link physics and music, Sauveur and Loulié demonstrated vibrating strings and the Galilean pendulum, and how the mathematical principles on which these devices depend are related to music. Finally, in 1693 the prince studied composition with <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Charpentier" title="Marc-Antoine Charpentier">Marc-Antoine Charpentier</a>. With Charpentier's help, he composed an opera, <i>Philomèle</i>, performed at his residence in 1694; and in 1705 the prince wrote a second opera, <i>Penthée</i>, to a libretto by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Auguste_de_la_Fare" title="Charles Auguste de la Fare">Marquis de La Fare</a>. In the late 1690s Chartres studied the <a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">viol</a> with <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Forqueray" title="Antoine Forqueray">Antoine Forqueray</a> the elder. Meanwhile, he was studying diplomacy and riding, as preparations for a military career. </p><p>In May 1685 the <i>Duc de Chartres</i>, then just ten years old, made his first public appearance at Versailles; the occasion was the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Genoa" title="Doge of Genoa">Doge of Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maria_Imperiale_Lercari" title="Francesco Maria Imperiale Lercari">Francesco Maria Imperiale Lercari</a>, at the French court. Chartres was put on a stage with his uncle, cousin and father. On 2 June 1686 Chartres was invested with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Order of the Holy Spirit">Order of the Holy Spirit</a> at Versailles; on the same day his future brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Louis-Auguste_de_Bourbon,_Duc_du_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duc du Maine">Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duc du Maine</a>, also joined the order as did his cousins <a href="/wiki/Louis_III,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis III, Prince of Condé">Louis III, prince de Condé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Louis,_Prince_of_Conti" title="François Louis, Prince of Conti">François Louis, Prince de Conti</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His father gained military distinction in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassel_(1677)" title="Battle of Cassel (1677)">Battle of Cassel</a> and during the decisive French victory against <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William of Orange</a>, Chartres would similarly demonstrate military prowess. He had his first experience of battle at the siege of <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a> in 1691, the year before his marriage. He fought with great distinction at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Steenkerque" title="Battle of Steenkerque">Battle of Steenkerque</a> on 3 August 1692. In the same year he also served at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1692)" title="Siege of Namur (1692)">Siege of Namur</a>. The following year he served at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landen" title="Battle of Landen">Battle of Landen</a>; he fought alongside the <i>prince de Conti</i>, who was wounded. </p><p>During a hiatus between military assignments, Chartres studied <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural science</a>. </p><p>In the next century, he would serve in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>. He was next given a command in Italy (1706) and gained much credit for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turin" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Turin">Battle of Turin</a>. Later he went to Spain and took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Almansa" title="Battle of Almansa">Battle of Almansa</a>, a major step in the consolidation of Spain under the Bourbons (1707), where he achieved some important successes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_painting_of_Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon,_later_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Troy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Portrait_painting_of_Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon%2C_later_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Troy.jpg/220px-Portrait_painting_of_Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon%2C_later_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Troy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Portrait_painting_of_Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon%2C_later_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Troy.jpg/330px-Portrait_painting_of_Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon%2C_later_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Troy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Portrait_painting_of_Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon%2C_later_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Troy.jpg/440px-Portrait_painting_of_Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon%2C_later_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Troy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3954" data-file-height="5319" /></a><figcaption>Philippe's wife, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Françoise Marie de Bourbon">Françoise Marie de Bourbon</a>, youngest daughter of Madame de Montespan, by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Troy" title="François de Troy">François de Troy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Constant wars with many of the <a href="/wiki/Major_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Major powers">major powers</a> in Europe rendered a significant marriage with a foreign princess unlikely, or so Louis XIV told his brother, <i>Monsieur</i>, when persuading him to accept the king's legitimised daughter, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Françoise Marie de Bourbon">Françoise Marie de Bourbon</a> (known as <i>Mademoiselle de Blois</i>), as wife for Philippe. The king offered a <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a> of two million <i><a href="/wiki/French_livre" title="French livre">livres</a></i> with his daughter's hand (not to be paid until the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a> was over),<sup id="cite_ref-Pevitt_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pevitt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 41">: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippeducdorle00pevi/page/41/">41</a> </span></sup> as well as the <i>Palais-Royal</i> for the bridegroom's parents. Upon hearing that her son had agreed to the marriage, Philippe's mother slapped his face in full view of the court and turned her back on the king as he bowed to her. Nonetheless, on 18 February 1692, the cousins were married.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lavish ceremony took place in the chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>. The service was conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_de_Bouillon" title="Cardinal de Bouillon">Cardinal de Bouillon</a>—a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="House of La Tour d'Auvergne">House of La Tour d'Auvergne</a>. In 1685, the Cardinal de Bouillon had refused to take part in the marriage of the Duke of Bourbon and Françoise Marie's sister, <i>Mademoiselle de Nantes</i>, and, as a result, had been sent into exile, but he was recalled for the wedding of Françoise-Marie and the Duke of Chartres. After the ceremony, a banquet was given in the <a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Mirrors_(Palace_of_Versailles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall of Mirrors (Palace of Versailles)">Hall of Mirrors</a> with all the <a href="/wiki/Prince_du_sang" title="Prince du sang">princes and princesses of the blood royal</a> in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guests included the exiled <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II of England</a> and his consort, <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a>. At the newlyweds' <a href="/wiki/Bedding_ceremony" title="Bedding ceremony">bedding ceremony</a> later that evening, the exiled Queen of England had the honour of handing the new Duchess of Chartres her bed clothes.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Madame de Montespan</i> had not been invited to the wedding of her daughter. </p><p>The young couple, mismatched from the start, never grew to like each other, and soon the young Philippe gave his wife the nickname of <i>Madame Lucifer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of this, they had eight children (see below). </p><p>There were contemporary rumors of an incestuous relationship between the duke and his daughter, Marie Louise Elisabeth of Berry.<sup id="cite_ref-Nancy_Mitford_1966_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Mitford_1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hare_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hare-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These rumors were never confirmed, although the duke reacted to them by demonstrating affectionate behavior towards her at court.<sup id="cite_ref-Nancy_Mitford_1966_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nancy_Mitford_1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rumors were also used by the opposition during his period as regent, and were the inspiration of libelous songs and poems<sup id="cite_ref-hare_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hare-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Court_life">Court life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Court life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the death of his father in June 1701, Philippe inherited the Dukedoms of Orléans, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Anjou">Anjou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Montpensier">Montpensier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Nemours" title="Duke of Nemours">Nemours</a>, as well as the princedom of <a href="/wiki/Joinville,_Haute-Marne" title="Joinville, Haute-Marne">Joinville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brother_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brother-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe had died at Saint-Cloud after an argument with Louis XIV at Marly about Chartres' flaunting his pregnant mistress, Marie-Louise de Séry, before Françoise Marie.<sup id="cite_ref-Pevitt_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pevitt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 56">: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippeducdorle00pevi/page/56">56</a> </span></sup> It has also been claimed that Philippe became so infuriated with Louis for not paying his daughter's dowry that he suffered a stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout his life Philippe had many <a href="/wiki/Mistress_(lover)" title="Mistress (lover)">mistresses</a>; his wife came to prefer living quietly at Saint-Cloud, the Palais-Royal, or her house at Bagnolet. His most famous mistress was arguably <a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_de_Parab%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Thérèse de Parabère">Marie-Thérèse de Parabère</a>, who was his main mistress during almost the entire regency, with other high profile affairs being those with <a href="/wiki/Louise-Charlotte_de_Foix-Rabat,_comtesse_de_Sabran" title="Louise-Charlotte de Foix-Rabat, comtesse de Sabran">Madame de Sabran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_de_Br%C3%A9gis,_comtesse_d%27Averne" title="Sophie de Brégis, comtesse d'Averne">Madame d'Averne </a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Blonel_de_Phalaris" title="Marie-Thérèse Blonel de Phalaris">Marie-Thérèse Blonel de Phalaris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lescure,_M._de_(Mathurin)_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lescure,_M._de_(Mathurin)-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_bust.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Philippe_II%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_bust.jpg/220px-Philippe_II%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_bust.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Philippe_II%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_bust.jpg/330px-Philippe_II%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_bust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Philippe_II%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_bust.jpg/440px-Philippe_II%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_bust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1553" data-file-height="2025" /></a><figcaption>A bust of Philippe by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Lemoyne" title="Jean-Louis Lemoyne">Jean-Louis Lemoyne</a>, 1713, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Upon the death of the <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_Jules_de_Bourbon,_prince_de_Cond%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry III Jules de Bourbon, prince de Condé"><i>prince de Condé</i></a> in 1709, the rank of <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_du_Sang" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince du Sang">Premier Prince du Sang</a></i> passed from the <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Princes of Condé">House of Condé</a> to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a>. Philippe was thus entitled to the style of <a href="/wiki/Prince_du_Sang" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince du Sang"><i>Monsieur le Prince</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the rank of <i>petit-fils de France</i> being higher than that of <i>premier prince</i>, Philippe did not change his style; nor did his son or other heirs make use of the <i>Monsieur le Prince</i> style, which had been so long associated with the <a href="/wiki/Cadet_branch" title="Cadet branch">cadet branch</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Princes_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Princes of Condé">Princes de Condé</a></i> that the heads of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a> preferred to be known at court by their ducal title. </p><p>In December 1697, the son of the Dauphin <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_France,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of France, Duke of Burgundy">Louis de France</a> married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie-Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy">Princess Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy</a>, eldest daughter of Philippe's half sister Anne Marie. The match was negotiated as part of the Treaty of Turin, which ended Franco-Savoyard conflict during the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a>. The couple were the parents of two dauphins of France, <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1707%E2%80%931712)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1707–1712)">Louis, Duke of Brittany</a>, who died in 1712, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Counts_and_Dukes_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Counts and Dukes of Anjou">Louis, Duke of Anjou</a>, the future Louis XV. </p><p>In 1705, he became Grandmaster of the Ordre du Temple, reforming the Statutes, and bring the Order into semi-public view.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1710, his eldest (and favourite) surviving daughter <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans</a> married her first cousin <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles, Duke of Berry</a>; he was a son of the Dauphin and thus outranked Philippe and his wife; this meant that Louise Élisabeth took precedence over her parents. The Berry couple would have no children that lived more than a year. </p><p>In 1711, the Dauphin died at <a href="/wiki/Meudon" title="Meudon">Meudon</a> at the age of forty-nine and the title passed to his son, who died in 1712. Until his death in 1723, Orléans was generally considered to be first in line to the throne, although <a href="/wiki/Legitimism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimism">legitimists</a> considered that <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">né</a></i> Duke of Anjou and <i>fils de France</i>, held that place, on the contention that his renunciation in 1700 was constitutionally invalid. The deaths within three years of the Dauphin, two of his three sons, his daughter-in-law and the little Duke of Brittany led to widespread rumours that Orléans had poisoned them all to gain the throne. In fact, the Dauphin died of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, the Duc de Berry in a riding accident and the others of <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a>, but they did great damage to Orléans' reputation, and even <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> seems to have at least half-believed them. Only in Orléans' last years did the obvious affection between himself and <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>, and the young King's robust health, cause the rumours to die away. </p><p>In his will, Louis XIV appointed Orléans president of the council of regency for the young king <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Regency">The Regency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Regency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gence" title="Régence">Régence</a></div> <p>Months before the death of Louis XIV, Philippe was present at the <a href="/wiki/Persian_embassy_to_Louis_XIV" title="Persian embassy to Louis XIV">Persian embassy to Louis XIV</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Beg" title="Mohammad Reza Beg">Mohammad Reza Beg</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a high-ranking official to the Persian governor of the <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> province (<a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>). He had been chosen by the <a href="/wiki/Safavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid">Safavid</a> Persian emperor <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Husayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Husayn">Sultan Husayn</a> for the mission and travelled with a grand entourage, as suitable to the diplomat of a mighty empire. </p><p>The scene of the Persian ambassador's entry into Paris, 7 February 1715, was described by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pidou_de_Saint-Olon" class="mw-redirect" title="François Pidou de Saint-Olon">François Pidou de Saint-Olon</a> (1646–1720), a nobleman who was delegated the diplomatic position of liaison officer to the Persian delegation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Louis_XIV's_will"><span id="Louis_XIV.27s_will"></span>Louis XIV's will</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Louis XIV's will"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 29 July 1714, upon the insistence of his <a href="/wiki/Morganatic_marriage" title="Morganatic marriage">morganatic</a> wife, the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_d%27Aubign%C3%A9,_marquise_de_Maintenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon">marquise de Maintenon</a>, Louis XIV elevated his legitimised children to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Prince_du_Sang" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince du Sang">Princes of the Blood</a>, which "entitled them to inherit the crown if the legitimate lines became extinct".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, <a href="/wiki/Louis-Auguste_de_Bourbon,_duc_du_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine">Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, <i>Duke of Maine</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_de_Bourbon,_comte_de_Toulouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse">Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, <i>Count of Toulouse</i></a> were officially inserted into the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_hereditary_succession" title="Line of hereditary succession">line of hereditary succession</a> following all of the legitimate, acknowledged <i><a href="/wiki/Prince_du_Sang" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince du Sang">princes du sang</a></i>. </p> <blockquote><p>Mme de Maintenon would have preferred Philip V [King of Spain] to be Regent and the duc du Maine to be Lieutenant Général and consequently in control. Fearing a revival of the war, Louis named the duc d'Orléans joint President of a Regency Council, but one that would be packed with his enemies, reaching its decisions by a majority vote that was bound to go against him. The real power would be in the hands of the duc du Maine, who was also appointed guardian of the young sovereign.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 25 August 1715, a few days before his death, Louis XIV added a <a href="/wiki/Codicil_(will)" title="Codicil (will)">codicil</a> to his <a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">will</a>: </p> <blockquote> <p>He sent for the Chancellor and wrote a last codicil to his will, in the presence of Mme de Maintenon. He was yielding, out of sheer fatigue, to his wife and confessor, probably with the reservation that his extraordinary action would be set aside after his death, like the will itself. Otherwise he would have been deliberately condemning his kingdom to perpetual strife, for the codicil appointed the duc du Maine commander of the civil and military Household, with Villeroy as his second-in-command. <i>By this arrangement they became the sole masters of the person and residence of the King; of Paris ... and all the internal and external guard; of the entire service ... so much so that the Regent did not have even the shadow of the slightest authority and found himself at their mercy.</i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote><p> The evening of 25 August, Louis XIV had a private audience with the Duke of Orléans, his nephew and son-in-law, re-assuring him: </p><blockquote> <p><i>You will find nothing in my will that should displease you. I commend the Dauphin to you, serve him as loyally as you have served me. Do your utmost to preserve his realm. If he were to die, you would be the master. [...] I have made what I believed to be the wisest and fairest arrangements for the well-being of the realm, but, since one cannot anticipate everything, if there is something to change or to reform, you will do whatever you see fit...</i><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_(Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_with_the_coronet_of_a_%22Son_of_France%22_%28Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="636" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#C5C5DD; font-style:italic"> <a href="/wiki/Descendants_of_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">See descendants</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li>Alexandre Louis, Duke of Valois</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Children_of_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template:Children of Philippe, Duke of Orléans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Children_of_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template talk:Children of Philippe, Duke of Orléans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Children_of_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Children of Philippe, Duke of Orléans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Louis XIV died at Versailles on 1 September 1715, and was succeeded by his five-year-old great-grandson, Louis XV. On 2 September, the Duke of Orléans went to meet the <i>parlementaires</i> in the <i>Grand-Chambre du Parlement</i> in Paris in order to have Louis XIV's will annulled and his previous right to the regency restored. After a break that followed a much-heated session, the <i>Parlement</i> abrogated the recent codicil to Louis XIV's will and confirmed the Duke of Orléans as regent of France.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 December 1715, the regent decided to bring the young Louis XV from the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Vincennes" title="Château de Vincennes">Château de Vincennes</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a> in Paris<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he lived until his return to Versailles in June 1722. The regent governed from his Parisian residence, the <i>Palais-Royal</i>. </p><p>Philippe disapproved of the hypocrisy of Louis XIV's reign and opposed <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a>, ordering the reprinting of books banned during the reign of his uncle. Reversing his uncle's policies again, Philippe formed an alliance with Great Britain, Austria, and the Netherlands, and fought a successful war against Spain that established the conditions of a European peace. During this time he opened up diplomatic channels with Russia which resulted in a state visit by Tsar <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter the Great</a>. </p><p>He acted in plays of <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Racine</a>, composed an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, and was a gifted painter and <a href="/wiki/Engraver" class="mw-redirect" title="Engraver">engraver</a>. Philippe favoured <a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a> which, despite <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">papal</a> condemnation, was accepted by the French bishops, and he revoked Louis XIV's compliance with the bull <i><a href="/wiki/Unigenitus" title="Unigenitus">Unigenitus</a></i>. </p><p>At first, he decreased taxation and dismissed 25,000 soldiers. But the inquisitorial measures which he had begun against the financiers led to disturbances, notably in the province of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> where a rebellion known as the <a href="/wiki/Pontcallec_conspiracy" title="Pontcallec conspiracy">Pontcallec conspiracy</a> unfolded. He countenanced the risky operations of the banker <a href="/wiki/John_Law_(economist)" title="John Law (economist)">John Law</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi Scheme">Mississippi bubble</a>, a disastrous crisis for the public and private affairs of France. It was an early example of the bursting of an economic bubble.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 June 1717, under the influence of Law and the <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Rouvroy,_duc_de_Saint-Simon" title="Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon">duc de Saint-Simon</a>, the Regent persuaded the Regency Council to purchase from <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pitt" title="Thomas Pitt">Thomas Pitt</a> for £135,000 the world's largest known diamond, a 141 carat (28.2 g) cushion brilliant, for the <a href="/wiki/French_Crown_Jewels" title="French Crown Jewels">crown jewels of France</a>. The diamond was known from then on as <i><a href="/wiki/Regent_Diamond" title="Regent Diamond">Le Régent</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cellamare_conspiracy">Cellamare conspiracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cellamare conspiracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cellamare_conspiracy" title="Cellamare conspiracy">Cellamare conspiracy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyacinthe_Rigaud_009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hyacinthe_Rigaud_009.jpg/220px-Hyacinthe_Rigaud_009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hyacinthe_Rigaud_009.jpg/330px-Hyacinthe_Rigaud_009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hyacinthe_Rigaud_009.jpg/440px-Hyacinthe_Rigaud_009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2797" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV</a> as a child, by <a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe_Rigaud" title="Hyacinthe Rigaud">Hyacinthe Rigaud</a> (1715)</figcaption></figure> <p>There existed a party of malcontents who wished to transfer the regency from Orléans to his cousin, the young king's uncle, King <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a>. A conspiracy was formed, under the inspiration of <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Alberoni" title="Giulio Alberoni">Cardinal Alberoni</a>, the first minister of Spain. It was directed in France by the Prince of Cellamare, the Spanish ambassador, with the complicity of the Duchess of Orléans' older brother, the duc du Maine, and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Louise_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicte_de_Bourbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon">Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon</a>, the latter's wife. In 1718, the Cellamare conspiracy was discovered and its participants exiled. Two years later its aims were revived in the Pontcallec conspiracy, four leaders of which were executed. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Dubois" title="Guillaume Dubois">Guillaume Dubois</a>, formerly tutor to the Duke of Orléans, and now his <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of France">chief minister</a>, caused war to be declared against Spain, with the support of Austria, England and the Netherlands (<a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Quadruple_Alliance" title="War of the Quadruple Alliance">Quadruple Alliance</a>). After some successes of the <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">French marshal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/James_FitzJames,_1st_Duke_of_Berwick-upon-Tweed" class="mw-redirect" title="James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed">Duke of Berwick</a>, in Spain, and of the imperial troops in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Philip V made peace with the regent (1720). </p><p>From the beginning of 1721, <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a>, and the Duke of Orléans had been negotiating the project of three Franco-Spanish marriages in order to cement tense relations between Spain and France. The young Louis XV of France would marry the three-year-old <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Victoria_of_Spain" title="Mariana Victoria of Spain">Infanta Mariana Victoria</a> who would thus become Queen of France; the <a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of Spain">Infante Luis</a> would marry the fourth surviving daughter of Philippe, <a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Infante Charles</a> would be engaged to the pretty <a href="/wiki/Philippine_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans">Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans</a> who was the fifth surviving daughter of Philippe. Only one of these marriages actually ever occurred. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate,_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(Rigaud,_1713).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Portrait_of_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28Rigaud%2C_1713%29.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28Rigaud%2C_1713%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Portrait_of_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28Rigaud%2C_1713%29.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28Rigaud%2C_1713%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Portrait_of_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28Rigaud%2C_1713%29.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Elisabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate%2C_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_%28Rigaud%2C_1713%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1699" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate">Elizabeth Charlotte</a>, Philippe's mother to whom he would always be close, by Rigaud (1722)</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1721, the Infanta Mariana Victoria arrived in Paris amid much joy. Known as <i>l'infante Reine</i> (Queen-Infanta) while in France, she was placed in the care of the old <a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon">Dowager Princess of Conti</a>, Philippe's sister in law, and lived in the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a>. </p><p>In November 1721, at the age of twelve, Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans was married by proxy in Paris,<sup id="cite_ref-Nouvelle_biographie_générale_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nouvelle_biographie_générale-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louise Élisabeth and her younger sister left for <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. Despite a cold reception from the Spanish royal family, especially by <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Parma">Elisabeth of Parma</a>, the stepmother of her husband, she married Louis of Spain on 20 January 1722 at Lerma. Her dowry was of 4 million <a href="/wiki/French_livres" class="mw-redirect" title="French livres">livres</a>. The last of this triple alliance was Philippine Élisabeth who never married Charles; the marriage, though never officially carried out was annulled; the French sent back Mariana Victoria and in retaliation, Louise Élisabeth and Philippine Élisabeth were sent back to France. Franco-Spanish relations only recovered in 1743 when Louis XV's son <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis de France</a> married Mariana Victoria's sister <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Teresa_Rafaela_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain">Infanta Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain</a>. </p><p>On 15 June 1722, Louis XV and the court left the Tuileries Palace for the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a> where the young king wanted to reside. The decision had been taken by the Duke of Orléans who, after the fall of Law's System, was feeling the loss of his personal popularity in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe took the apartments of his cousin the late Dauphin on the first floor of the Palace; the King's apartments were above his. </p><p>On 25 October of that year, the twelve-year-old Louis XV was anointed King of France in the cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Reims" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame de Reims">Notre-Dame de Reims</a>. At the end of the ceremony, he threw himself in the arms of Orléans.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1722, the Regent lost his mother to whom he had always been close; the Dowager Duchess of Orléans died at Saint-Cloud at the age of seventy, with her son at her side, but he did not attend her funeral service because he had been called away on official business.<sup id="cite_ref-Pevitt_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pevitt-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 306">: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippeducdorle00pevi/page/306">306</a> </span></sup> Philippe was greatly affected by his mother's death. </p><p>On the <a href="/wiki/Adulthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Adulthood">majority</a> of the king, which was declared on 15 February 1723, the Duke stepped down as regent. At the death of Cardinal Dubois on 10 August of that year, the young king offered the Duke the position of <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a>, and he remained in that office until his death a few months later. </p><p>The regent died in Versailles on 2 December 1723 in the arms of his mistress the duchesse de Falari. Louis XV mourned him greatly. The Duke of Bourbon took on the role of Prime Minister of France. </p><p>On 3 December, the Duke of Orléans' body was taken to Saint-Cloud where funeral ceremonies began the following day. His heart was taken to the <i><a href="/wiki/Val_de_Gr%C3%A2ce" class="mw-redirect" title="Val de Grâce">Val de Grâce</a></i> church in Paris and his body to the Basilica of Saint Denis, (about 10 km north of Paris), the <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a> of the French kings and their family.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The heart of the Duke of Orléans is now at the <a href="/wiki/Dreux" title="Dreux">Chapelle Royale de Dreux</a>, the necropolis of all the members of the Orléans family, built in 1816 by his descendant <a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Bourbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon">Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon</a>, Duchess of Orléans, wife of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Égalité</a>. The chapel was completed as the Orléans family royal Chapel during the reign of his great-great-grandson <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_I,_King_of_the_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe I, King of the French">Louis-Philippe I, King of the French</a>. </p><p>The Cellamare conspiracy is the subject of one of <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a>' novels, <i>The Conspirators</i> (<i>Le Chevalier d'Harmental</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The duke assembled the <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="Orléans Collection">Orléans Collection</a>, one of the finest collections of paintings ever made by a non-monarch, which was mostly sold in London after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>As Grandmaster and reformer of the Ordre du Temple, he left a legacy of Templarism that exists to this day as the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_the_Temple_of_Jerusalem" title="Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem">Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>He promoted education, making the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a> tuition-free and opening the <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Royal Library</a> to the public (1720).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a>, was named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Marie Isabelle d'Orléans (17 December 1693 – 17 October 1694) died in infancy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans</a> (20 August 1695 – 21 July 1719) married <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686-1714)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686-1714)">Charles of France, Duke of Berry</a> and had no surviving issue.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans">Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans</a> (13 August 1698 – 10 February 1743) Abbess of Chelles died unmarried.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Agla%C3%A9_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans">Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans</a> (22 October 1700 – 19 January 1761)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married <a href="/wiki/Francesco_III_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena">Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena</a> and had issue.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans</a> (4 August 1703 – 4 February 1752) married <a href="/wiki/Margravine_Johanna_of_Baden-Baden" class="mw-redirect" title="Margravine Johanna of Baden-Baden">Margravine Johanna of Baden-Baden</a> and had issue.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans</a> (11 December 1709 – 16 June 1742) married <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I of Spain</a>, no issue.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans">Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans</a> (18 December 1714 – 21 May 1734) engaged to <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Infante Carlos of Spain</a>, no issue.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Diane_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Diane d'Orléans">Louise Diane d'Orléans</a> (27 June 1716 – 26 September 1736) married <a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois_I_de_Bourbon,_prince_de_Conti" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis François I de Bourbon, prince de Conti">Louis François de Bourbon</a> and had issue.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illegitimate_issue">Illegitimate issue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Illegitimate issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philippe also had several illegitimate children with several women, four of whom he acknowledged. </p> <ul><li>By Léonore N, a <a href="/wiki/Doorman_(profession)" title="Doorman (profession)">doorkeeper</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a>:</li></ul> <ol><li>N, bâtarde d'Orléans (c. 1688 – ), married Henri de Charency</li></ol> <ul><li>By <a href="/wiki/Florence_Pellerin" title="Florence Pellerin">Florence Pellerin</a>, dite la Florence, a dancer at the <a href="/wiki/Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera House">Opera House</a>:</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Saint-Albin" title="Charles de Saint-Albin">Charles de Saint-Albin</a>, dit l'Abbé d'Orléans, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Cambrai" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Cambrai">Archbishop of Cambrai</a>, legitimized in 1706 (Paris, 1698 – Paris, 1764, bur Paris)</li></ol> <ul><li>By <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_Madeleine_Victoire_d%E2%80%99Argenton" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise Madeleine Victoire d’Argenton">Marie-Louise Madeleine Victorine Le Bel de La Bussière</a>, dite comtesse d'Argenton or madame d'Argenton or mademoiselle de Séry (1684–1748), a lady of noble family, who was <a href="/wiki/Lady-in-Waiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady-in-Waiting">Lady-in-Waiting</a> to the Dowager Duchess of Orléans, daughter of Daniel Le Bel de La Bussière and wife Anne de Masparant:</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Jean Philippe d'Orléans">Jean Philippe, dit le Chevalier d'Orléans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chilly-Mazarin" title="Chilly-Mazarin">Chilly-Mazarin</a>, 28 August 1702 – Paris, 16 June 1748)</li></ol> <ul><li>By <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Desmares" title="Charlotte Desmares">Christine Antoinette <i>Charlotte</i> Desmares</a> (1682–1753), an actress with the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre-Fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Théâtre-Français">Théâtre-Français</a>, daughter of actors <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Desmares" title="Nicolas Desmares">Nicolas Desmares</a> and Anne d'Ennebault:</li></ul> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_de_Froissy" title="Angélique de Froissy">Philippe Angélique de Froissy</a> (1700 – Paris, 15 October 1785, bur <a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Eustache,_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Église Saint-Eustache, Paris">Église Saint-Eustache, Paris</a>)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestors">Ancestors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ancestors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philip III of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain">Margaret of Austria</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick V, Elector Palatine">Frederick V, Elector Palatine</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_Louis,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine">Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Stuart,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia">Elizabeth Stuart</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte,_Madame_Palatine" title="Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine">Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/William_V,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Hesse-Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel">Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Amalie_Elisabeth_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg">Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Antoine, Michel, <i>Louis XV</i>, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris, 1989 (French).</li> <li>Dufresne, Claude, <i>Les Orléans</i>, CRITERION, Paris, 1991, (French).</li> <li>Erlanger, Philippe, <i>Louis XIV</i>, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris 1965, reprinted by Librairie Académique Perrin, Paris, 1978, (French).</li> <li>Erlanger, Philippe, <i>Louis XIV</i>, translated from the French by Stephen Cox, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1970, (English).</li> <li>Haggard, Andrew C.P., <i>The Regent of the Roués</i>, Hutchison & Co, London, 1905, (English)</li> <li>Lewis, W. H., <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scandalousregent0000lewi/">The Scandalous Regent</a></i>, André Deutsch, London, 1961, (English).</li> <li>Meyer, Jean, <i>Le Régent (1674–1723)</i>, Editions Ramsay, Paris, 1985, (French).</li> <li>Petitfils, Jean-Christian, <i>Le Régent</i>, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris, 1986, (French).</li> <li>Pevitt, Christine, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippeducdorle00pev">Philippe, Duc d'Orléans: Regent of France</a></i>, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1997, (English).</li> <li>Ranum, Patricia M., <i>Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier</i> (Baltimore, 2004), pp. 324–27 (where Philippe is attributed the number "III", as some genealogies do.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennan,_J._H." class="mw-redirect" title="Shennan, J. H.">Shennan, J. H.</a>, <i>Phillippe, Duke of Orléans: Regent of France</i>, Thames and Hudson, London, 1979, (English).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The grandson of Philippe's half-sister <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie d'Orléans</a> and of his cousin and brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Grand Dauphin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brother-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brother_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brother_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nancy Nicholas Barker, <i>Brother to the Sun king:Philippe, Duke of Orléans</i>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pevitt-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pevitt_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pevitt_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pevitt_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pevitt_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pevitt_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPevitt1997" class="citation book cs1">Pevitt, Christine (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippeducdorle00pev"><i>Philippe, Duc d'Orléans: Regent of France</i></a></span>. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87113-695-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87113-695-3"><bdi>0-87113-695-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1150973261">1150973261</a> – via the Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippe%2C+Duc+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%3A+Regent+of+France&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1150973261&rft.isbn=0-87113-695-3&rft.aulast=Pevitt&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphilippeducdorle00pev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, Antonia, <i>Love and Louis XIV</i>, Anchor Books, 2006, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At the time of Philippe's birth, the Palais-Royal was only occupied by the Dukes of Orléans as a grace and favour residence; it was later given to Philippe when he married Louis XIV's illegitimate daughter <i>Mademoiselle de Blois</i> in 1692.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. de Seilhac, <i>L'Abbé Dubois, premier ministre de Louis XV</i> (Paris, 1862), especially pp. 5-11, 185-205, for the prince's education.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patricia M. Ranum, "Étienne Loulié (1654-1702), musicien de Mademoiselle de Guise, pédagogue et théoricien", (part 1) <i>Recherches</i>, 25 (1987), especially pp. 67-75, on the prince's education; and (part 2), <i>Recherches</i>, 26 (1988-90), especially pp. 5-10, on the prince's subsequent protection of Loulié.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The previous day there had been a formal engagement party at Versailles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/unrulydaughtersr00willrich/unrulydaughtersr00willrich_djvu.txt">The Unruly Daughter of the Regent</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dufresne, Claude, <i>Les Orléans</i>, Criterion, Paris, 1991, p. 74-78, (French).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nancy_Mitford_1966-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nancy_Mitford_1966_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nancy_Mitford_1966_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNancy_Mitford1966" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nancy Mitford (1966). <i>Solkonungen (The Sun King)</i> (in Swedish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solkonungen+%28The+Sun+King%29&rft.date=1966&rft.au=Nancy+Mitford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hare-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hare_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hare_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Sebac_Montefiore2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Simon Sebac Montefiore (2005). <i>Potemkin och Katarina den stora- en kejserlig förbindelse (Potemkin and Catherine the Great – an Imperial liaison)</i> (in Swedish). p. 237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Potemkin+och+Katarina+den+stora-+en+kejserlig+f%C3%B6rbindelse+%28Potemkin+and+Catherine+the+Great+%E2%80%93+an+Imperial+liaison%29&rft.pages=237&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Simon+Sebac+Montefiore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoan_Haslip1991" class="citation book cs1">Joan Haslip (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555841836/page/38"><i>Marie Antoinette</i></a></span>. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555841836/page/38">38</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1555841836" title="Special:BookSources/978-1555841836"><bdi>978-1555841836</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marie+Antoinette&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1555841836&rft.au=Joan+Haslip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781555841836%2Fpage%2F38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitford, Nancy, <i>The Sun King</i>, Hamish Hamilton, 1966</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lescure,_M._de_(Mathurin)-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lescure,_M._de_(Mathurin)_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lescure, M. de (Mathurin): <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lesmatressesdu00lesc/lesmatressesdu00lesc_djvu.txt">Les maitresses du régent; études d'histoire et de mœurs sur le commencement du xviiie siècle</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ib. Spanheim, Ézéchiel, pp. 104-105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClausen" class="citation journal cs1">Clausen, Daniel J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/53226567">"Origins of Masonic Templarism in the French Ordre du Temple"</a>. <i>Templar Succession: Establishing Continuity 1307-Present</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Templar+Succession%3A+Establishing+Continuity+1307-Present&rft.atitle=Origins+of+Masonic+Templarism+in+the+French+Ordre+du+Temple&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F53226567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClausen2021" class="citation journal cs1">Clausen, Daniel J. (January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/49113294">"Succession 1307-1804 Re-Examining the Larmenius Charter"</a>. <i>Templar Succession: Establishing Continuity 1307-Present</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Templar+Succession%3A+Establishing+Continuity+1307-Present&rft.atitle=Succession+1307-1804+Re-Examining+the+Larmenius+Charter&rft.date=2021-01&rft.aulast=Clausen&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F49113294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In French sources, <i>Méhémet Riza Beg</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He had been the French ambassador in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, of which he published a description, <i>Relation de l'empire de Maroc. Oú l'on voit la situation du pays, Les mœurs, les Coûtumes, Religion, gouvernement et Politique des Habitans...</i>. his brother, Louis-Marie Pidou de Saint-Olon (1637–1717), became French consul in <a href="/wiki/Ispahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispahan">Ispahan</a> under the terms of the commercial treaty.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erlanger, Philippe, <i>Louis XIV</i>, translated from the French by Stephen Cox, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1970, p. 363</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlanger1970" class="citation book cs1">Erlanger, Philippe (1970). <i>Louis XIV</i>. Translated by Cox, Stephen. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishers">Praeger Publishers</a>. p. 373.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+XIV&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=373&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlanger1970" class="citation book cs1">Erlanger, Philippe (1970). <i>Louis XIV</i>. Translated by Cox, Stephen. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishers">Praeger Publishers</a>. p. 373.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis+XIV&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=373&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ib. Erlanger, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ib. Dufresne, pp. 123-126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antoine, Michel, <i>Louis XV</i>, Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris, 1989, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Subject of the first section of Charles Mackay's "<a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_Popular_Delusions_and_the_Madness_of_Crowds" title="Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds">Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds</a>", which is available from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://gutenberg.org">http://gutenberg.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nouvelle_biographie_générale-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nouvelle_biographie_générale_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nouvelle biographie générale</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antoine, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dufresne, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChéruel1858" class="citation book cs1">Chéruel, Adolphe (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sS82AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA305"><i>Mʹemoirs complets et authentiques du duc de Saint-Simon sur le siècle du Louis XIV et la rʹegence</i></a>. pp. 93–94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%CA%B9emoirs+complets+et+authentiques+du+duc+de+Saint-Simon+sur+le+si%C3%A8cle+du+Louis+XIV+et+la+r%CA%B9egence&rft.pages=93-94&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Ch%C3%A9ruel&rft.aufirst=Adolphe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsS82AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neworleans.com/things-to-do/multicultural/cultures/french/">"French History in New Orleans"</a>. <i>www.neworleans.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.neworleans.com&rft.atitle=French+History+in+New+Orleans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neworleans.com%2Fthings-to-do%2Fmulticultural%2Fcultures%2Ffrench%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVatout1836" class="citation book cs1">Vatout, Jean (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=yqU5AAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA438&hl=en"><i>Le chateau d'eu: notices historiques, Volume 4</i></a>. Félix Malteste & Co. p. 438<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+chateau+d%27eu%3A+notices+historiques%2C+Volume+4&rft.pages=438&rft.pub=F%C3%A9lix+Malteste+%26+Co.&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Vatout&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3DyqU5AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA438%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1913" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hugh Noel (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unrulydaughtersr00willrich/page/10/mode/2up?q=Charlotte+Agla%C3%A9"><i>Unruly daughters; a romance of the house of Orléans</i></a>. Hutchinson & Co. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unruly+daughters%3B+a+romance+of+the+house+of+Orl%C3%A9ans&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Hutchinson+%26+Co.&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Hugh+Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funrulydaughtersr00willrich%2Fpage%2F10%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DCharlotte%2BAgla%25C3%25A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippe+II%2C+Duke+of+Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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France</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Philippe II, Duke of Orléans </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 15 February 1674</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 23 December 1723</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/French_nobility" title="French nobility">French nobility</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Duke of Orléans</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Montpensier">Duke of Montpensier</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Nemours" title="Duke of Nemours">Duke of Nemours</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Joinville" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Joinville">Prince of Joinville</a> </b><br />9 June 1701 – 2 December 1723 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Bourbon,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of Bourbon, Duke of Orléans">Louis I</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Chartres" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Chartres">Duke of Chartres</a> </b><br />1674–1703 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Dubois" title="Guillaume Dubois">Cardinal Guillaume Dubois</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> </b><br />1723 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henri,_Duc_de_Bourbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon">Louis Henri, Prince de Condé</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="toccolours collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccf;">Titles and Succession </th></tr> <tr> <td> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princes_of_Orléans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template:Princes of Orléans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template talk:Princes of Orléans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of Orléans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_Orléans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">Princes of Orléans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/75px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/113px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/150px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a>^</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis I, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I of the French</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Philippe,_Duke_of_Montpensier" title="Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier">Prince Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Charles,_Count_of_Beaujolais" title="Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais">Prince Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais</a>^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Ferdinand Philippe, Prince Royal of France and Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours">Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Prince_of_Joinville" title="François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville">François, Prince of Joinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duke_of_Penthi%C3%A8vre" title="Charles d'Orléans, Duke of Penthièvre">Prince Charles, Duke of Penthièvre</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henri,_Duke_of_Aumale" title="Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale">Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Antoine,_Duke_of_Montpensier" title="Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier">Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Count_of_Paris" title="Prince Philippe, Count of Paris">Prince Philippe, Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Robert,_Duke_of_Chartres" title="Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres">Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Count_of_Eu" title="Gaston, Count of Eu">Gaston, Prince Imperial Consort of Brazil and Count of Eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Alen%C3%A7on" title="Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Alençon">Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_Duke_of_Penthi%C3%A8vre" title="Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre">Prince Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis d'Orléans, Prince of Condé">Louis, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_(1854%E2%80%931872)" title="François d'Orléans (1854–1872)">François, Duke of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Antonio,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera">Prince Antonio, Duke of Galliera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Montpensier" title="Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier">Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henri_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Henri of Orléans">Prince Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Jean,_Duke_of_Guise" title="Prince Jean, Duke of Guise">Prince Jean, Duke of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Emmanuel,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Prince Emmanuel, Duke of Vendôme">Prince Emmanuel, Duke of Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera">Prince Alfonso, Duke of Galliera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis_Fernando_of_Spain" title="Infante Luis Fernando of Spain">Prince Luis Fernando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Paris_(1908%E2%80%931999)" title="Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999)">Prince Henri, Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_%C3%81lvaro,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera">Prince Álvaro, Duke of Galliera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ata%C3%BAlfo_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Ataúlfo of Orléans">Prince Ataúlfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_Philippe,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Prince Charles Philippe, Duke of Nemours">Prince Charles Philippe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Paris_(1933%E2%80%932019)" title="Henri, Count of Paris (1933–2019)">Prince Henri, Count of Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Count_of_Clermont" title="Prince François, Count of Clermont">Prince François, Count of Clermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Count_of_Paris" title="Jean, Count of Paris">Prince Jean, Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles-Philippe d'Orléans">Prince Charles Philippe, Duke of Anjou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span style="font-size:85%;">^<i>never styled Prince of Orléans</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princes_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_France" title="Template:Princes of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_France" title="Template talk:Princes of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Princes of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>The first generation are the children of <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henri IV</a></i>; these males held the rank of <b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Son of France</a></b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Grandson of France</a></b>;</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">King Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Monsieur d'Orléans">Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg/75px-Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg/113px-Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg/150px-Arms_of_France_%28France_Moderne%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="701" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">King Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe I, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaston,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois">Prince Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Prince Louis François, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Philip V of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Prince Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1704%E2%80%931705)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1704–1705)">Prince Louis, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1707%E2%80%931712)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1707–1712)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">King Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis, Prince of Asturias</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Philip_of_Spain_(1712%E2%80%931719)" title="Infante Philip of Spain (1712–1719)">Infante Philip of Spain</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe, Duke of Anjou">Prince Philippe, Duke of Anjou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy_(1751%E2%80%931761)" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1751–1761)">Prince Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine">Prince Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">King Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">King Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">King Charles X</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">King Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Prince Henri, Count of Chambord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>* <i>until <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">1713</a></i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="House_of_Bourbon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Template:House of Bourbon (France)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Template talk:House of Bourbon (France)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Bourbon_(France)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Bourbon (France)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="House_of_Bourbon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henry_IV_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Valois" title="Margaret of Valois">Margaret of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de' Medici">Marie de' Medici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_France_(1602%E2%80%931644)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of France (1602–1644)">Elisabeth, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_of_France" title="Christine of France">Christine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Henri,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans">Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Maria">Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Siblings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Henri, Duke of Beaumont (1551–1553)</li> <li>Louis, Count of Marle (1555–1557)</li> <li>Madeleine (1556)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bourbon" title="Catherine of Bourbon">Catherine, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Illegitimate children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="César, Duke of Vendôme">César, Duke of Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Henriette_de_Bourbon" title="Catherine Henriette de Bourbon">Catherine Henriette, Duchess of Elbeuf</a></li> <li>Alexandre, Chevalier de Vendôme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Duke_of_Verneuil" title="Henri, Duke of Verneuil">Henri, Duke of Verneuil</a></li> <li>Gabrielle Angelique, Duchess of La Valette and Epernon</li> <li>Antoine, Count of Moret</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontevraud_Abbey" title="Fontevraud Abbey">Jeanne Baptiste, Abess of Fontevraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelles_Abbey" title="Chelles Abbey">Marie Henriette, Abess of Chelles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise d'Orléans">Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Marguerite_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans">Élisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Alençon and Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Madeleine_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans">Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Anne d'Orléans">Princess Marie Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaston,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois">Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Infanta Ana Maria Mauricia of Spain</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anne Élisabeth of France">Princess Anne Élisabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Anne_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Anne of France">Princess Marie Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France_(1667%E2%80%931672)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)">Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Louis François, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois">Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Great <br /> grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Felipe of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis, Duke of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XIV" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Infanta María Teresa of Spain</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_d%27Aubign%C3%A9,_Marquise_de_Maintenon" title="Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon">Françoise d'Aubigné, Marchioness of Maintenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Anne Élisabeth of France">Princess Anne Élisabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Anne_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Anne of France">Princess Marie Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France_(1667%E2%80%931672)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)">Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Charles,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou">Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Louis François, Duke of Anjou">Louis François, Duke of Anjou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Illegitimate<br />children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon">Marie Anne, Princess of Conti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Louis, Count of Vermandois">Louis, Count of Vermandois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste,_Duke_of_Maine" title="Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine">Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_C%C3%A9sar,_Count_of_Vexin" title="Louis César, Count of Vexin">Louis César, Count of Vexin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fran%C3%A7oise,_Princess_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louise Françoise, Princess of Condé">Louise Françoise, Duchess of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Marie Anne de Bourbon">Louise Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Françoise Marie de Bourbon">Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre,_Count_of_Toulouse" title="Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse">Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_de_Maisonblanche" title="Louise de Maisonblanche">Louise, Baroness of La Queue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Felipe V of Spain</a></i> <sup><small>p</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste,_Prince_of_Dombes" title="Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes">Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Charles,_Count_of_Eu" title="Louis Charles, Count of Eu">Louis Charles, Count of Eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Bourbon,_Mademoiselle_du_Maine" title="Louise Françoise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle du Maine">Louise Françoise, Mademoiselle du Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jean_Marie_de_Bourbon,_Duke_of_Penthi%C3%A8vre" title="Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre">Louis Jean Marie, Duke of Penthièvre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Great<br />grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1704%E2%80%931705)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1704–1705)">Louis, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Brittany_(1707%E2%80%931712)" title="Louis, Duke of Brittany (1707–1712)">Louis, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I of Spain</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Felipe of Spain <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Felipe of Spain <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI of Spain</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Francisco of Spain <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Victoria_of_Spain" title="Mariana Victoria of Spain">Mariana Víctoria, Queen of Portugal</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Philip, Duke of Parma">Philip, Duke of Parma</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Teresa_Rafaela_of_Spain" title="María Teresa Rafaela of Spain">Maria Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis,_Count_of_Chinch%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón">Luis, Count of Chinchón</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">Maria Antonietta, Queen of Sardinia</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Charles, Duke of Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Alençon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre,_Prince_of_Lamballe" title="Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe">Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XV" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Maria Carolina Sophia Felicity Leszczyńska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Élisabeth of France">Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriette_of_France_(1727%E2%80%931752)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henriette of France (1727–1752)">Princess Henriette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_of_France_(1728%E2%80%931733)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise of France (1728–1733)">Princess Louise (1728–1733)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe,_Duke_of_Anjou" title="Philippe, Duke of Anjou">Philippe, Duke of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Adélaïde">Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoire_of_France_(1733%E2%80%931799)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoire of France (1733–1799)">Princess Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_France_(1734%E2%80%931782)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie of France (1734–1782)">Sophie, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France" title="Thérèse of France">Princess Thérèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_France_(1737%E2%80%931787)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise of France (1737–1787)">Princess Louise (1737–1787)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Madame_Royale_(1746%E2%80%931748)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse, Madame Royale (1746–1748)">Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Z%C3%A9phyrine_of_France" title="Marie Zéphyrine of France">Princess Marie Zéphyrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy_(1751%E2%80%931761)" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy (1751–1761)">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine">Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotilde_of_France" title="Clotilde of France">Clothilde, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" title="Élisabeth of France">Princess Élisabeth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Illegitimate children <br /> included</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Vintimille" title="Charles de Vintimille">Charles de Vintimille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Louise_O%27Murphy" title="Marie-Louise O'Murphy">Agathe Louise de Saint-Antoine</a></li> <li>Philippe, Duke of Narbonne-Lara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_comte_de_Narbonne-Lara" title="Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara">Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XVI" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Duchess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême">Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_B%C3%A9atrice_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Sophie Hélène Béatrice of France">Princess Sophie Hélène</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XVII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Note" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Note</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="wrap">Louis had no children; he died aged 10 in 1795. His uncle, the future <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a>, proclaimed himself regent but both titles were disputed.</span></li></ul> <ul><li>See <i><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration in France</a></i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Louis_XVIII" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Spouse(s)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Savoy" title="Marie Joséphine of Savoy">Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Charles_X_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Spouse(s)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Savoy" title="Maria Theresa of Savoy">Maria Theresa of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_d%27Artois_(1776%E2%80%931783)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie d'Artois (1776–1783)">Sophie, <i>Mademoiselle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a></li> <li>Marie Thérèse, Mademoiselle d'Angoulême</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.75em">Grandchildren</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Princess Louise Élisabeth</li> <li>Prince Louis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_d%27Artois" title="Princess Louise d'Artois">Louise Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Henri, Count of Chambord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Notes</span></dt> <dd><sup><small>1</small></sup> also an <a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">Infante or Infanta of Spain</a></dd> <dd><sup><small>2</small></sup> also an <a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduchess of Austria</a></dd> <dd><sup><small>3</small></sup> both</dd> <dd><sup><small>p</small></sup> <span class="wrap">Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house.</span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chief_ministers_to_the_French_Monarch" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Dubois" title="Guillaume Dubois">Cardinal Dubois</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duc d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henri,_Duke_of_Bourbon" title="Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon">Duc de Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Hercule_de_Fleury" title="André-Hercule de Fleury">Cardinal Fleury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois,_duc_de_Choiseul" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne François, duc de Choiseul">Duc de Choiseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Nicolas_Charles_Augustin_de_Maupeou" title="René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou">Maupeou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux,_Count_of_Maurepas" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas">Comte de Maurepas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes" title="Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes">Comte de Vergennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">Breteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Marc,_comte_de_Montmorin" title="Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin">Comte de Montmorin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France.svg/60px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France.svg/90px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France.svg/120px-Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="1601" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dukes_of_Orléans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dukes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template:Dukes of Orléans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dukes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Template talk:Dukes of Orléans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes of Orléans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dukes_of_Orléans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Duke of Orléans">Dukes of Orléans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Dukes of Orléans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philip, Duke of Orléans">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis I, Duke of Orléans">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles, Duke of Orléans">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_de_Valois,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Valois_(1549%E2%80%931550)" title="Louis of Valois (1549–1550)">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles Maximilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Alexandre Édouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Henri,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans">Nicolas Henri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Ferdinand Philippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Philippe</a></li> <li>François</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/75px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/113px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg/150px-Arms_of_Gaston_dOrleans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Current claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jacques</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Counts/Countesses_and_Dukes/Duchesses_of_Chartres" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dukes_of_Chartres" title="Template:Dukes of Chartres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dukes_of_Chartres" title="Template talk:Dukes of Chartres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes_of_Chartres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes of Chartres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Counts/Countesses_and_Dukes/Duchesses_of_Chartres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counts_and_dukes_of_Chartres" title="List of counts and dukes of Chartres">Counts/Countesses and Dukes/Duchesses of Chartres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Counts and countesses of Chartres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hastein" title="Hastein">Hastein</a> (882–886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_I,_Count_of_Blois" title="Theobald I, Count of Blois">Theobald I of Blois</a> (960–975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_I,_Count_of_Blois" title="Odo I, Count of Blois">Odo I of Blois</a> (975–995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_II_of_Blois" title="Theobald II of Blois">Theobald II of Blois</a> (995–1004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_II,_Count_of_Blois" title="Odo II, Count of Blois">Odo II of Blois</a> (1004–1037)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_III,_Count_of_Blois" title="Theobald III, Count of Blois">Theobald III of Blois</a> (1037–1089)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen,_Count_of_Blois" title="Stephen, Count of Blois">Stephen of Blois</a> (1089–1102)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_II,_Count_of_Champagne" title="Theobald II, Count of Champagne">Theobald IV of Blois</a> (1102–1151)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_V,_Count_of_Blois" title="Theobald V, Count of Blois">Theobald V of Blois</a> (1151–1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Count_of_Blois" title="Louis I, Count of Blois">Louis I of Blois</a> (1191–1205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_VI,_Count_of_Blois" title="Theobald VI, Count of Blois">Theobald VI of Blois</a> (1205–1218)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_of_Chartres" title="Isabelle of Chartres">Isabelle of Chartres</a> (1218–1248)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Amboise" title="Matilda of Amboise">Matilda of Amboise</a> (1248–1256)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I,_Count_of_Blois" title="John I, Count of Blois">John I of Blois</a> (1256–1280)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan,_Countess_of_Blois" title="Joan, Countess of Blois">Joan of Blois</a> (1280–1286)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">Crown lands of France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip IV of France</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles of Valois</a> (1290–1302)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_of_Valois_(1302-1310)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John of Valois (1302-1310) (page does not exist)">John of Valois (1302-1310)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles of Valois</a> (1310–1325)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_of_Valois,_Count_of_Chartres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis of Valois, Count of Chartres (page does not exist)">Louis of Valois, Count of Chartres</a> (1325–1328)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Count_of_Alen%C3%A7on" title="Charles II, Count of Alençon">Charles II of Alençon</a> (1328–1346)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">Crown lands of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_of_France" title="Renée of France">Renée of France</a> (1510–1528)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Chartres.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Blason_Chartres.svg/70px-Blason_Chartres.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Blason_Chartres.svg/105px-Blason_Chartres.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Blason_Chartres.svg/140px-Blason_Chartres.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Dukes and duchesses of Chartres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_of_France" title="Renée of France">Renée of France</a> (1528–1574)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_II_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Ferrara" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara">Alfonso II d'Este</a> (1574–1597)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_lands_of_France" title="Crown lands of France">Crown lands of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston</a> (1626–1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Philippe I</a> (1661–1674)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philippe II</a> (1674–1701)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1703%E2%80%931752)" title="Louis, Duke of Orléans (1703–1752)">Louis</a> (1703–1723)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe I</a> (1725–1752)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Louis Philippe II</a> (1752–1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe</a> (1785–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_Philippe,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans">Ferdinand Philippe</a> (1814–1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Robert,_Duke_of_Chartres" title="Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres">Robert</a> (1840–1910)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Duke as a courtesy title</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Louis_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Louis d'Orléans (page does not exist)">Charles-Louis d'Orléans</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Louis_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles-Louis d'Orléans">fr</a>]</span> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155596#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155596#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155596#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118820214">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85090571">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11918201w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11918201w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2004248726&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1789329">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069390118">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=151204">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/0xbdf35j27zlv60">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810681295905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/314822">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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