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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Princess_of_Piedmont" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princess_of_Piedmont"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Princess of Piedmont</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princess_of_Piedmont-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queen_of_Sardinia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen_of_Sardinia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Queen of Sardinia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen_of_Sardinia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Clotilde of France</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كلوتيلد الفرنسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلوتيلد الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotilde_de_Francia" title="Clotilde de Francia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Clotilde de Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клотилд Бурбон-Френска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клотилд Бурбон-Френска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotilde_Bro-C%27hall" title="Clotilde Bro-C'hall – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Clotilde Bro-C'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Clotilde_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Maria Clotilde de França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maria Clotilde de França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Klotilda_Francouzsk%C3%A1" title="Marie Klotilda Francouzská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marie Klotilda Francouzská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Clothilde_von_Frankreich" title="Marie Clothilde von Frankreich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marie Clothilde von Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B4%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μαρία Κλοτθίλδη της Γαλλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρία Κλοτθίλδη της Γαλλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotilde_de_Francia" title="Clotilde de Francia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clotilde de Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotilde_de_France" title="Clotilde de France – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clotilde de France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98_%ED%81%B4%EB%A1%9C%ED%8B%B8%EB%93%9C" title="프랑스의 클로틸드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스의 클로틸드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Clotilde_di_Borbone-Francia" title="Maria Clotilde di Borbone-Francia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maria Clotilde di Borbone-Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%93,_%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="מארי קלוטילד, נסיכת צרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מארי קלוטילד, נסיכת צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="მარი კლოტილდა ფრანგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარი კლოტილდა ფრანგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1ria_Klotild_francia_kir%C3%A1lyi_hercegn%C5%91" title="Mária Klotild francia királyi hercegnő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mária Klotild francia királyi hercegnő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="مارى كلوتيلد من فرنسا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارى كلوتيلد من فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothilde_van_Frankrijk" title="Clothilde van Frankrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Clothilde van Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%82%A2" title="クロティルデ・ディ・ボルボーネ＝フランチア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クロティルデ・ディ・ボルボーネ＝フランチア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Clotilde_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Maria Clotilde de França – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maria Clotilde de França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Clotilde" title="Marie Clotilde – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Marie Clotilde" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klotylda_de_France" title="Klotylda de France – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klotylda de France" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotilde_de_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Clotilde de França – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clotilde de França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothilde_a_Fran%C8%9Bei" title="Clothilde a Franței – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clothilde a Franței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мария Клотильда Французская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мария Клотильда Французская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clotilde_of_France" title="Clotilde of France – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Clotilde of France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Clotilde_av_Frankrike" title="Marie Clotilde av Frankrike – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marie Clotilde av Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клотільда Французька – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клотільда Французька" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Clotilde_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Marie Clotilde của Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Marie Clotilde của Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E8%92%82%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7" title="法蘭西的克羅蒂爾德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法蘭西的克羅蒂爾德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q668220#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Clotilde_of_France" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Clotilde of France</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Drouais_-_Clotilde_of_France_-_Versailles_MV_3972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Drouais_-_Clotilde_of_France_-_Versailles_MV_3972.jpg/220px-Drouais_-_Clotilde_of_France_-_Versailles_MV_3972.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Drouais_-_Clotilde_of_France_-_Versailles_MV_3972.jpg/330px-Drouais_-_Clotilde_of_France_-_Versailles_MV_3972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Drouais_-_Clotilde_of_France_-_Versailles_MV_3972.jpg/440px-Drouais_-_Clotilde_of_France_-_Versailles_MV_3972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2364" data-file-height="2999" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of Sardinia">Queen consort of Sardinia</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">16 October 1796 – 7 March 1802</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1759-09-23</span>)</span>23 September 1759<br /><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 March 1802<span style="display:none">(1802-03-07)</span> (aged 42)<br /><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">11 March 1802<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label">Church of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Caterina_a_Chiaia" title="Santa Caterina a Chiaia">Santa Caterina a Chiaia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia">Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="21 August 1775">1775</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Marie Adélaïde Clotilde Xavière de France<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Josepha_of_Saxony_(1731%E2%80%931767)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1731–1767)">Maria Josepha of Saxony</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Marie_Clotilde_de_France,_1793.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clotilde of France's signature"><img alt="Clotilde of France's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Signature_of_Marie_Clotilde_de_France%2C_1793.jpg/125px-Signature_of_Marie_Clotilde_de_France%2C_1793.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Signature_of_Marie_Clotilde_de_France%2C_1793.jpg/188px-Signature_of_Marie_Clotilde_de_France%2C_1793.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Signature_of_Marie_Clotilde_de_France%2C_1793.jpg 2x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="37" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Marie_Clotilde_of_France_(1759-1802),_Queen_of_Sardinia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Arms_of_Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%281759-1802%29%2C_Queen_of_Sardinia.jpg/100px-Arms_of_Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%281759-1802%29%2C_Queen_of_Sardinia.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Arms_of_Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%281759-1802%29%2C_Queen_of_Sardinia.jpg/150px-Arms_of_Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%281759-1802%29%2C_Queen_of_Sardinia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Arms_of_Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%281759-1802%29%2C_Queen_of_Sardinia.jpg/200px-Arms_of_Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%281759-1802%29%2C_Queen_of_Sardinia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="470" /></a></span><br />Coat of arms of Queen Clotilde of France</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Marie Clotilde of France<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> (Marie Adélaïde Clotilde Xavière; 23 September 1759 – 7 March 1802), known as <b>Clotilde</b> in Italy, was <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Sardinia">Queen of Sardinia</a> by marriage to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia">Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia</a>. She was the younger sister of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI of France</a>. She was politically active and acted as the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> first minister of her spouse during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is <a href="/wiki/Venerated" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerated">venerated</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, having been declared <a href="/wiki/Venerable" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable">Venerable</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Princess_of_France">Princess of France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clotilde_of_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Princess of France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_comte_d%27Artois_et_sa_s%C5%93ur_Madame_Clotilde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Le_comte_d%27Artois_et_sa_s%C5%93ur_Madame_Clotilde.jpg/170px-Le_comte_d%27Artois_et_sa_s%C5%93ur_Madame_Clotilde.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Le_comte_d%27Artois_et_sa_s%C5%93ur_Madame_Clotilde.jpg/255px-Le_comte_d%27Artois_et_sa_s%C5%93ur_Madame_Clotilde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Le_comte_d%27Artois_et_sa_s%C5%93ur_Madame_Clotilde.jpg/340px-Le_comte_d%27Artois_et_sa_s%C5%93ur_Madame_Clotilde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3121" data-file-height="4120" /></a><figcaption>Clotilde and her elder brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles</a> with a goat.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Ducreux,_Madame_Clotilde_(1768-1769).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Joseph_Ducreux%2C_Madame_Clotilde_%281768-1769%29.jpg/220px-Joseph_Ducreux%2C_Madame_Clotilde_%281768-1769%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Joseph_Ducreux%2C_Madame_Clotilde_%281768-1769%29.jpg/330px-Joseph_Ducreux%2C_Madame_Clotilde_%281768-1769%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Joseph_Ducreux%2C_Madame_Clotilde_%281768-1769%29.jpg/440px-Joseph_Ducreux%2C_Madame_Clotilde_%281768-1769%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3015" data-file-height="4408" /></a><figcaption>Clotilde by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ducreux" title="Joseph Ducreux">Joseph Ducreux</a>, c. 1773.</figcaption></figure> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>, Clotilde was the elder daughter of <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a>, the only son of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a> and his wife, Queen <a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Marie Leszczyńska</a>, and Princess <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Josepha_of_Saxony_(1731%E2%80%931767)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1731–1767)">Maria Josepha of Saxony</a>. As the daughter of the Dauphin, she was a <i><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Fille de France</a></i> (Daughter of France). Upon the death of their grandfather in May 1774, Clotilde's oldest brother, Louis-Auguste, became King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI of France</a>. </p><p>Clotilde and her younger sister <a href="/wiki/Princess_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Élisabeth of France">Élisabeth</a> were raised by <i><a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Marsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame de Marsan">Madame de Marsan</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Governess_to_the_Children_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Governess to the Children of France">Governess to the Children of France</a>. The sisters were considered much dissimilar in personality. Because she was overweight, Clotilde was nicknamed <i>Gros-Madame</i> in her youth.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were given the usual education of royal princesses in that time, focusing upon accomplishments, religion and virtue, an education to which Clotilde reportedly willingly subjected herself.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were tutored botany by M. Lemonnier, history and geography lessons by M. Leblond, and religion by Abbe de Montigat, Canon of Chartres, and they followed the court between the royal palaces with their days divided between studies, walks in the park, or drives in the forest.<sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Clotilde was described as a docile pupil, "who made herself loved by all who approached her", Élisabeth long refused to study, stating that "there were always people at hand whose duty it was to think for Princes", and treated her staff with impatience.<sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of their difference, Madame de Marsan, who was not able to handle Élisabeth, preferred Clotilde, which made Élisabeth jealous and created a rift between the sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their relationship improved when Élisabeth fell ill and Clotilde insisted upon nursing her; during that time, Clotilde taught Élisabeth the alphabet and gave her an interest in religion. Clotilde came to be Élisabeth's good friend, tutor and counselor.<sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clotilde did not have a good relationship with her sister-in-law <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>, who reportedly demonstrated too openly that she preferred her sister Élisabeth, which caused some offense at court.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clotilde_of_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clotilde adapted herself to strict Catholic devotion early on and had the wish to follow the example of her aunt, <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_France_(1737%E2%80%931787)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise of France (1737–1787)">Madame Louise</a>, and join the Order of the <a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, however, Clotilde was in February 1775 officially engaged by her brother King Louis XVI to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia">Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont</a>, eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_III_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain</a>. The match between Clotilde and Charles Emmanuel was part of a wider series of Franco-Savoyard dynastic marriages taking place in a time span of eight years: after the wedding between Charles Emmanuel's cousin <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Louise of Savoy">Princess Marie Louise of Savoy</a> and her relative <a href="/wiki/Louis_Alexandre,_Prince_of_Lamballe" title="Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe">Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe</a> in 1767, Charles Emmanuel's sister <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy">Marie Joséphine</a>, had married Clotilde's older brother, the <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Count of Provence</a> in 1771, and another of Charles Emmanuel's sisters, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Theresa_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy">Marie Thérèse</a>, had married Clotilde's youngest brother, the <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Count of Artois</a> in 1773. Clotilde did not wish to marry, but adjusted herself to the will of her brother. She asked the <a href="/wiki/Princess_de_Lamballe" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess de Lamballe">Princess de Lamballe</a> about the personality of her intended spouse, and was taught <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> in order to fulfill her role as eventual Queen of Sardinia. </p><p>On 12 June 1775, Clotilde attended the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Louis_XVI" title="Coronation of Louis XVI">coronation of her brother Louis XVI</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>. On 8 August, the ambassador of Sardinia, count de Viry, presented the official proposal to Clotilde from Charles Emmanuel, and on the 16th, the official engagement was announced to the royal court.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 August 1775, Louis XVI had his sister Clotilde married in Versailles by <a href="/wiki/Procuration" title="Procuration">procuration</a> to Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont, with her second eldest brother the Count of Provence as proxy for the groom, and with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Antoine_de_La_Roche-Aymon" title="Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon">Cardinal de la Roche-Aymon</a> officiating at the ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clotilde departed from Versailles on 27 August and separated from the King, Queen and her sister at <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Choisy" title="Château de Choisy">Choisy</a>, before continuing with her brother the Count of Provence. The farewell between the sisters was described as intense, with Élisabeth hardly able to tear herself from the arms of Clotilde; Queen Marie Antoinette commented: "My sister Élisabeth is a charming child, who has intelligence, character, and much grace; she showed the greatest feeling, and much above her age, at the departure of her sister. The poor little girl was in despair, and as her health is very delicate, she was taken ill and had a very severe nervous attack. I own to my dear mamma that I fear I am getting too attached to her, feeling, from the example of my aunts, how essential it is for her happiness not to remain an old maid in this country."<sup id="cite_ref-Princess_of_France_Elisabeth,_Elisabeth_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Princess_of_France_Elisabeth,_Elisabeth-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Clotilde_of_France_(Madame_Clotilde)_with_a_guitar_after_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hubert_Drouais.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%28Madame_Clotilde%29_with_a_guitar_after_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hubert_Drouais.JPG/220px-Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%28Madame_Clotilde%29_with_a_guitar_after_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hubert_Drouais.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%28Madame_Clotilde%29_with_a_guitar_after_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hubert_Drouais.JPG/330px-Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%28Madame_Clotilde%29_with_a_guitar_after_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hubert_Drouais.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%28Madame_Clotilde%29_with_a_guitar_after_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hubert_Drouais.JPG/440px-Marie_Clotilde_of_France_%28Madame_Clotilde%29_with_a_guitar_after_Fran%C3%A7ois_Hubert_Drouais.JPG 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="978" /></a><figcaption>Marie Clotilde of France (Madame Clotilde) with a guitar after François Hubert Drouais</figcaption></figure> <p>In Lyon, Clotilde made herself popular by her successful request to grant an amnesty to the imprisoned deserters in the town prison, before finally arriving at the border at <a href="/wiki/Le_Pont-de-Beauvoisin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin, Isère">Pont-de-Beauvoisin</a> on 5 September. There, she was separated from her French entourage and ceremoniously transferred by count de Clermont-Tonnerre to count de Viry and her new Italian household, notably her new lady-in-waiting Madama Theresa Balbi, who was to become her favourite until her death.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having crossed the border with her new court, she was introduced to Charles Emmanuel. </p><p>Accompanied by her brother the Count of Provence and her husband, she was introduced to her father-in-law at <a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89chelles" title="Les Échelles">Les Échelles</a> and to her mother-in-law and the rest of the Sardinian court at <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a>, before making her formal entrance to <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> on the 30 September. The official wedding took place in Turin. At the occasion of her marriage, there were comments in the French court that her groom had been given two brides instead of one, in reference to her weight.<sup id="cite_ref-Antonia_Fraser_2002_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antonia_Fraser_2002-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father-in-law was concerned that her weight might affect her ability to bear children. The groom reportedly commented that he had been given "more to worship".<sup id="cite_ref-Antonia_Fraser_2002_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antonia_Fraser_2002-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Princess_of_Piedmont">Princess of Piedmont</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clotilde_of_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Princess of Piedmont"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinsius_Clotilde_de_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Heinsius_Clotilde_de_France.jpg/170px-Heinsius_Clotilde_de_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Heinsius_Clotilde_de_France.jpg/255px-Heinsius_Clotilde_de_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Heinsius_Clotilde_de_France.jpg/340px-Heinsius_Clotilde_de_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Clotilde by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Julius_Heinsius" title="Johann Julius Heinsius">Johann Julius Heinsius</a>, c. 1780</figcaption></figure> <p>Clotilde established a good relationship to her new family and became popular with the public. Her father-in-law came to refer to her as an angel of peace because of her frequent mediating between quarreling family members, particularly between him and her spouse.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She quickly and successfully adapted to the strict court rules of her fervently Catholic mother-in-law Queen Maria Antonia, dutifully participated in all representational activities expected of her in her role as crown princess, and demonstrated that the strict morals at court would be as stringently upheld in her future tenure as queen as they were by the current queen.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was close to her sisters-in-law, the <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este_(1773%E2%80%931832)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1773–1832)">Duchess of Aosta</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Anna_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maria Anna of Savoy">Duchess of Chablais</a>. She was well liked by the members of her household for her consideration for them, and her piety and frequent private worship established her reputation of piety among the public.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her first years in Savoy, she enjoyed fashion and entertainment and, despite her saintly reputation, her spouse himself said that it was in fact not her nature to be humble and submissive, and that she had to struggle to achieve this.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the union was arranged for political reasons, Clotilde and Charles Emmanuel became devoted to each other, united in their piety and a strong belief in the Catholic faith. She played the guitar to his singing, they studied religious texts together, and enjoyed spending time at <a href="/wiki/Moncalieri_Castle" title="Moncalieri Castle">Moncalieri Castle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Venaria" title="Palace of Venaria">Palace of Venaria</a> to relax from the court etiquette.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage was to be childless. Concerns was raised that her difficulty to conceive was due to her weight, and during the course of her first years of marriage, she was subjected to a number of fertility treatments, among those being a diet that caused her to lose a great deal of weight.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1779, there was a sign of pregnancy that proved to be false, and in 1783, after eight years of attempts to have issue, Clotilde asked Charles Emmanuel to end sexual relations and live in chastity as <i>uti frater et soror</i>, a request he willingly agreed to.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles Emmanuel, being of passive character, leaned on Clotilde as a stronger personality,<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she came to have a great influence upon him as a stabilizing factor and adviser, and she acted as a mediator during his conflicts with his father the King, often caused by Charles Emmanuel's nervous difficulties, a condition Clotilde took it upon herself to hide from others and stabilize.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> proved to be a disaster for her family. Her youngest brother, the Count of Artois, left France in 1789 and was given permission by Turin to stay there under the protection of her father-in-law, the King of Sardinia. Clotilde also harboured <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé">Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Bourbon_(1757%E2%80%931824)" title="Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon (1757–1824)">Louise de Condé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien</a>, as well as, in March 1791, her aunts <i>Mesdames de France</i>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Adélaïde of France">Madame Adélaïde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Victoire_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Victoire of France">Madame Victoire</a>. After the departure of her brother the Count of Artois, her sister-in-law, the Countess of Artois, sank into a depression and contemplated to become a nun, but was persuaded not to by Clotilde, who pointed out her duty to her children.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, Turin was filled with aristocratic French émigrés, who were greatly disliked by the public in Piedmont and also caused Piedmont to be regarded as an enemy by the government in Paris, and Clotilde was placed in a difficult situation, as her charitable activity among the French emigré community was noted.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1790s, Clotilde was described by the exiled <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun">Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun</a> as remarkably changed in her appearance as well as personality. As Vigée Le Brun's stay in Italy occurred between 1789 and 1792, and was granted audience to Clotilde by letters of introduction by the <i>Mesdames de France</i>, the meeting likely took place in 1791 or 1792, despite the fact that Vigée Le Brun - perhaps in retrospect - referred to Clotilde and her spouse as king and queen, while they were in fact still Prince and Princess of Piedmont at this point: </p> <dl><dd>"The two aunts of Louis XVI had been kind enough to give me letters to Clotilde, Queen of Sardinia, their niece. They sent word that they very much wished to have a portrait done by me, and consequently, as soon as I was settled, I presented myself before Her Majesty. She received me very well after reading the letters of Princess Adelaide and Princess Victoria. She told me that she regretted having to refuse her aunts, but that, having renounced the world altogether, she must decline being painted. What I saw indeed seemed quite in accord with her statement and her resolve. The Queen of Sardinia had her hair cut short and wore on her head a little cap, which, like the rest of her garb, was the simplest conceivable. Her leanness struck me particularly, as I had seen her when she was very young, before her marriage, when her stoutness was so pronounced that she was called "Fat Milady" in France. Be it that this change was caused by too austere religious practices, or by the sufferings which the misfortunes of her family had made her undergo, the fact was that she had altered beyond recognition. The King joined her in the room where she received me. He was likewise so pale and thin that it was painful to look at them together."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Her oldest brother, King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>, her sister-in-law, Queen <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>; and her younger sister, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Élisabeth de France">Madame Élisabeth</a>, were all executed in 1793–94. Clotilde regarded her brother to have been a Catholic martyr, but she was reportedly more emotionally affected by the execution of her sister, which became a turning point in her life.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She initially harbored good hope that Élisabeth would not be executed, because of her comparatively small political importance, and the news of her execution was therefore a shock. Her spouse told her by saying that they must make a sacrifice, upon which she understood immediately, replied, "The sacrifice is made!" and fainted.<sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She participated in a public procession of penance to the Church of the Pere Philippins in Turin, where she announced the death of her sister and ordered prayers to be said for her, and after this spoke of her as a saint.<sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the execution of her sister, Clotilde declared her intention to live for the rest of her life in a state of penitence: from this year until her death, she only wore simple blue woolen dresses, cut her hair and covered it with a simple cap, discarded all her jewelry except for a ring and a cross, and stopped attending the theater and opera.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was noted that she did receive the ambassador of the <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French Republic</a>, Ginguen, with kindness, which aroused surprise, but she commented that she considered it to be a Christian act.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Queen_of_Sardinia">Queen of Sardinia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clotilde_of_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Queen of Sardinia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clothilde_de_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Clothilde_de_France.jpg/220px-Clothilde_de_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Clothilde_de_France.jpg/330px-Clothilde_de_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Clothilde_de_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Queen Clotilde</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1796, upon the accession of her husband to the throne, Clotilde became the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Sardinia">Queen of</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720-1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720-1861)">Sardinia</a>. Charles Emmanuel was described as apathetic, insecure and incapable of acting, and the stress of the grave situation of the kingdom made his nervous condition worse and made it difficult for him to rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He preferred to have Clotilde receive the reports from ministers and diplomats, read them, summarize them for him, and advise him how to act.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clotilde followed these instructions, consulted the ministers before she made recommendations to her husband, and also made sure to await the right moment to involve him in state affairs so as not to cause him more stress or make the public aware of his nervous condition.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method of conducting the affairs of state caused disruption and delays and made the governing inefficient and slow in a very critical situation for Piedmont, and although Clotilde was careful not to appear to involve herself in politics, her great influence was too apparent not to cause criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King and Queen were also accused of devoting too much time to their religious devotions, causing all the more delays for the government work.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During their reign in Turin, one of the most important affairs was the confiscation of church property, which was necessary for state economy, but Clotilde insisted on a lengthy (and successful) procedure of obtaining permission and blessings from the Pope for religious reasons before proceeding.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 December 1798, the <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French First Republic</a> declared war on Sardinia. Charles Emmanuel was forced to abdicate all his <a href="/wiki/Savoyard_state" title="Savoyard state">territories on the Italian mainland</a> and to withdraw to the island of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>. The royal family was ordered to leave Turin immediately after the abdication, and as the King had a nervous attack, the departure was organized by Clotilde.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the wish of the Duchess of Aosta, Clotilde successfully asked General <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Clausel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertrand Clausel">Bertrand Clausel</a> to allow the Duke of Aosta to accompany the rest of the family rather than to stay as a French hostage.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She left the crown jewels behind, but took all jewels defined as private property and accepted a sum of money from the Finance Minister after having been assured by a priest that it would be in accordance with religious principles to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family departed from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Turin" title="Royal Palace of Turin">royal palace</a> during the night, escorted by 30 Italian and 30 French soldiers and a French commissionaire to the border: when the wagon was temporarily delayed on their way from Turin by protesting crowds, Charles Emmanuel commented to Clotilde that this incident of loyalty would comfort him in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During their reign in exile from mainland Sardinia, the couple traveled between the Italian states as well as their own provinces and upheld diplomatic relations with the hope of being restored to Turin. They traveled from <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> to Sardinia, where they arrived in <a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a> on 3 March 1799, welcomed with a Te Deum and settled in the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Regio" title="Palazzo Regio">Royal Palace of Cagliari</a>, where they held a reception for the local nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clotilde was not well during their stay on Sardinia, as the woolen penitential clothing she insisted on wearing was not healthy in the hot climate of Sardinia.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During their exile, Clotilde served as the spokesperson, <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> chief Councillor and first minister of Charles Emmanuel<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in fact handled the Sardinian government in exile, demonstrating both diplomatic skill and a steady support for Charles Emmanuel, who refused to abdicate his office as long as she was alive, despite the demands of his brothers to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite her political activity, however, Clotilde always played down her personality, both publicly and privately, as this was considered more befitting of her pietas.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On one occasion in 1801, she persuaded her husband's governor in Sardinia, the count of Genevois, not to resign.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1800, Charles Emmanuel and Clotilde left Sardinia for Florence because the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Russo-Austrian alliance</a> in the war against France raised their hopes of being restored to Turin, but the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a> made them flee for Rome and then to Naples, where they stayed November 1800-March 1801 before returning to Rome. In Rome they lived as guests of the wealthy <a href="/wiki/Colonna_family" title="Colonna family">Colonna family</a>. Clotilde nursed her husband's aunt <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Felicita_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Felicita of Savoy">Princess Maria Felicita of Savoy</a> through her last illness in Naples in 1801. She also attended her favorite lady-in-waiting Badia, and during which she was mistaken for a servant woman by the doctor and performed his orders without protests and without telling him who she was or reproaching him when he found out and apologized, an incident which aroused some attention.<sup id="cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple finally returned to Naples in May 1801. Except for attending to political affairs via correspondence, Clotilde devoted herself to visiting religious places, churches and people. </p><p>Clotilde died on 7 March 1802. Charles Emmanuel was so moved by her death that he abdicated on 4 June 1802 in favour of his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_I" title="Victor Emmanuel I">Victor Emmanuel I</a>. Queen Clotilde was buried in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Caterina_a_Chiaia" title="Santa Caterina a Chiaia">Santa Caterina a Chiaia</a> in Naples. </p><p>A cause for Clotilde's <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatification</a> was opened on 10 April 1808, granting her the title of <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>. She was later declared <a href="/wiki/Venerable" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable">Venerable</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-index_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-index-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clotilde_of_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Clotilde of France<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Louis, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV of France</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Marie_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_of_Savoy" title="Marie Adélaïde of Savoy">Marie Adélaïde of Savoy</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(son_of_Louis_XV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XV)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński">Stanisław I Leszczyński</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Marie Leszczyńska</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Opali%C5%84ska" title="Catherine Opalińska">Katarzyna Opalińska</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Clotilde of France</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Augustus_II_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus II of Poland">Augustus II of Poland</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Augustus_III_of_Poland" title="Augustus III of Poland">Augustus III of Poland</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Eberhardine_of_Bayreuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth">Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Saxony,_Dauphine_of_France" title="Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France">Maria Josepha of Saxony</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Austria" title="Maria Josepha of Austria">Maria Josepha of Austria</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmine_Amalia_of_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick">Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clotilde_of_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the surname of the children of the King of France and of members of the French royal family: Diderot & d'Alembert <i>Encyclopédie méthodique: Jurisprudence</i>, Paris, 1786 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IUk_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA159">[1]</a>, pp. 159–160 (French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Achaintre, Nicolas Louis, <i>Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de Bourbon</i>, Vol. 2, (Publisher Mansut Fils, 4 Rue de l'École de Médecine, Paris, 1825), p. 168 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rrQ_AAAAcAAJ&q=Marie+Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde+Clotilde+Xavi%C3%A8re+de+France%2C+Madame+Clotilde">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage" title="Burke's Peerage">Burke's</a> Royal Families of the World Volume I</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85011-023-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85011-023-8">0-85011-023-8</a> on p. 364 shows that (1) her father's geographic <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> was "of France" and (2) that her name of address in Sardinia was <i>Clotilde</i> (not <i>Maria Clotilde</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Williamson in <i><a href="/wiki/Debrett%27s" title="Debrett's">Debrett's</a> Kings and Queens of Europe</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86350-194-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86350-194-X">0-86350-194-X</a> pp. 81 & 159 show that (1) her father's (not a king himself) geographic <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> was "of France" and (2) that her French name of address was <i>Clotilde</i> (not <i>Marie-Clotilde</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodacre,_Elena-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodacre,_Elena_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodacre, Elena: Queenship in the Mediterranean: Negotiating the Role of the Queen in the Medieval and Early Modern Eras (2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hardy, B. C. (Blanche Christabel), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/princessedelamba00harduoft/princessedelamba00harduoft_djvu.txt">The Princesse de Lamballe; a biography</a></i>, 1908, <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maxwell-Scott,_Mary_Monica_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maxwell-Scott, Mary Monica, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/madameelizabethd00maxwiala/madameelizabethd00maxwiala_djvu.txt">Madame Elizabeth de France, 1764-1794</a></i>, London : E. Arnold, 1908</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Artemont,_Louis_Leopold_d'_8-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/sisteroflouisxvi00arterich/sisteroflouisxvi00arterich_djvu.txt">A sister of Louis XVI, Marie-Clotilde de france, queen of Sardinia (1759–1802)</a></i>, 1911</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Princess_of_France_Elisabeth,_Elisabeth-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Princess_of_France_Elisabeth,_Elisabeth_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Princess of France Elisabeth, Elisabeth <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandlettersm00elisgoog/lifeandlettersm00elisgoog_djvu.txt">The Life and Letters of Madame Elisabeth de France, Sister of Louis XVI</a></i>, Versailles HistoricalSociety, 1899</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Antonia_Fraser_2002-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Antonia_Fraser_2002_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Antonia_Fraser_2002_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonia Fraser : <i>Marie Antoinette</i> (2002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/lebrun/memoirs/memoirs.html">Memoirs of Madame Vigée Lebrun. Translated by Lionel Strachey</a></i>, New YorkDoubleday, Page & Company, 1903</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-index-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-index_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Index ac status causarum beatificationis servorum dei et canonizationis beatorum</i> (in Latin). Typis polyglottis vaticanis. January 1953. p. 154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Index+ac+status+causarum+beatificationis+servorum+dei+et+canonizationis+beatorum&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Typis+polyglottis+vaticanis&rft.date=1953-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClotilde+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA11"><i>Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans</i></a> [<i>Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living</i>] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genealogie+ascendante+jusqu%27au+quatrieme+degre+inclusivement+de+tous+les+Rois+et+Princes+de+maisons+souveraines+de+l%27Europe+actuellement+vivans&rft.place=Bourdeaux&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Frederic+Guillaume+Birnstiel&rft.date=1768&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAINPAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClotilde+of+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clotilde_of_France&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Clotilde of France </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 23 September 1759</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 7 March 1802</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">Italian royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sardinian_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sardinian consorts">Queen consort of Sardinia</a> </b><br />16 October 1796 – 7 March 1802 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este_(1773%E2%80%931832)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1773–1832)">Maria Theresa of Austria-Este</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marie_Clotilde_of_France" class="extiw" 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.portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/21px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/32px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/42px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princesses_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princesses_of_France_(House_of_Bourbon)" title="Template:Princesses of France (House of Bourbon)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princesses_of_France_(House_of_Bourbon)" title="Template talk:Princesses of France (House of Bourbon)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses_of_France_(House_of_Bourbon)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses of France (House of Bourbon)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princesses_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Princesses of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Only includes Princesses of the House of Bourbon before the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, excepted the issue of <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation (<a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Daughters of France</a></b> : <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_France,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Elisabeth of France, Queen of Spain">Élisabeth, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_of_France" title="Christine of France">Christine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henriette Marie, Queen of England</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prince_du_Sang" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince du Sang">Princesses of the Blood</a></b> : <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9onore_de_Bourbon" title="Éléonore de Bourbon">Éléonore de Bourbon-Condé, Princess of Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_de_Bourbon" title="Louise de Bourbon">Louise de Bourbon-Soissons, Duchesse of Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Bourbon,_Countess_of_Soissons" title="Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons">Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Granddaughters of France</a></b> : <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise d'Orléans">Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Marguerite_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans">Élisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Madeleine_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans">Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Anne d'Orléans">Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Chartres</a></li> <li><b>Princess of the Blood</b> : <a href="/wiki/Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon" title="Anne Geneviève de Bourbon">Anne Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess of Longueville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Daughters of France</b> : <a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France_(1667%E2%80%931672)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)">Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><b>Granddaughters of France</b> : <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d'Orléans">Marie Louise d'Orléans, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie d'Orléans, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Grand Dauphin</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Princesses of the Blood</b> : <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Duchess of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans">Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Agla%C3%A9_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans">Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans, Duchess of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans">Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans">Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Diane_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Diane d'Orléans">Louise Diane d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Thérèse de Bourbon">Marie Thérèse de Bourbon-Condé, Princess of Conti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Anne Marie de Bourbon">Anne Marie Victoire de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicte_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon">Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon">Marie Anne de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess of Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon_(1689%E2%80%931720)" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon (1689–1720)">Marie Anne de Bourbon-Conti, Duchess of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Bourbon_(1696%E2%80%931750)" title="Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon (1696–1750)"> Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon-Conti, mademoiselle de la Roche-sur-Yon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Princesses of the Blood</b> : <a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Marie d'Orléans">Louise Marie d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_%C3%89l%C3%A9onore_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Anne Éléonore de Bourbon">Marie Anne Éléonore de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon">Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon-Condé, Princess of Conti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Anne de Bourbon">Louise Anne de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Charolais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon_(1697%E2%80%931741)" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741)">Marie Anne de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Clermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriette_Louise_de_Bourbon" title="Henriette Louise de Bourbon">Henriette Louise de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Vermandois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Alexandrine_de_Bourbon" title="Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon">Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Sens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Henriette_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Henriette de Bourbon">Louise Henriette de Bourbon-Conti, Duchess of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Daughters of France</b> : <a href="/wiki/Louise-%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" title="Louise-Élisabeth of France">Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriette_of_France" title="Henriette of France">Madame Henriette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_of_France" title="Marie Louise of France">Louise, Madame Troisième</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_of_France" title="Adélaïde of France">Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoire_of_France" title="Victoire of France">Madame Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_France" title="Sophie of France">Sophie, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France" title="Thérèse of France">Madame Thérèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_France" title="Louise of France">Madame Louise</a></li> <li><b>Princess of the Blood</b> : <a href="/wiki/Bathilde_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Bathilde d'Orléans">Bathilde d'Orléans, Duchess of Bourbon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Daughters of France</b> : <a href="/wiki/Marie_Z%C3%A9phyrine_of_France" title="Marie Zéphyrine of France">Marie Zéphyrine, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marie Clotilde, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" title="Élisabeth of France">Madame Élisabeth</a></li> <li><b>Princesses of the Blood</b> : <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Adélaïde d'Orléans">Adélaïde of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Bourbon_(1757%E2%80%931824)" title="Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon (1757–1824)">Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Condé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Daughters of France</b> : <a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Duchess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême">Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême</a></li> <li><b>Granddaughter of France</b> : <a href="/wiki/Sophie_d%27Artois" title="Sophie d'Artois">Sophie, Mademoiselle d'Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_d%27Artois" title="Princess Louise d'Artois">Louise d'Artois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princesses_of_Savoy_by_marriage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princesses_of_Savoy_by_marriage" title="Template:Princesses of Savoy by marriage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princesses_of_Savoy_by_marriage" title="Template talk:Princesses of Savoy by marriage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses_of_Savoy_by_marriage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses of Savoy by marriage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princesses_of_Savoy_by_marriage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">Princesses of Savoy by marriage</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cyprus" title="Anne of Cyprus">Princess Anne of Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Valois" title="Yolande of Valois">Princess Yolande of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bourbon_(1438%E2%80%931483)" title="Margaret of Bourbon (1438–1483)">Princess Margaret of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_I,_Countess_of_Saint-Pol_and_Soissons" title="Marie I, Countess of Saint-Pol and Soissons">Princess Marie of Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annabella_of_Scotland" title="Annabella of Scotland">Princess Annabella of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Queen_of_Cyprus" title="Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus">Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_d%27Este" title="Anna d'Este">Anna d'Este</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christine_of_France" title="Christine of France">Princess Christine of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Bourbon,_Countess_of_Soissons" title="Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons">Princess Marie, Countess of Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_Cristina_of_Savoy" title="Princess Luisa Cristina of Savoy">Princess Luisa Cristina of Savoy</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_de_Bourbon" title="Élisabeth de Bourbon">Princess Élisabeth of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Nemours" title="Marie de Nemours">Princess Marie d'Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Angela_Caterina_d%27Este" title="Maria Angela Caterina d'Este">Princess Maria Angela of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Mancini,_Countess_of_Soissons" title="Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons">Olympia Mancini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Vittoria_of_Savoy" title="Maria Vittoria of Savoy">Princess Maria Vittoria of Savoy</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Christine_of_Sulzbach,_Princess_of_Piedmont" title="Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont">Anne Christine of Sulzbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyxena_of_Hesse-Rotenburg" title="Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg">Princess Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Christine_of_Hesse-Rotenburg" title="Princess Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg">Princess Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Theresia_of_Liechtenstein" title="Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein">Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">Infanta Maria Antonia of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Savoy,_Duchess_of_Chablais" title="Maria Anna of Savoy, Duchess of Chablais">Princess Maria Anna of Savoy</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Jos%C3%A9phine_of_Lorraine" title="Princess Joséphine of Lorraine">Princess Joséphine of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Princess Marie Clotilde of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este,_Queen_of_Sardinia" title="Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia">Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cristina_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily">Princess Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Christina_of_Saxony_(1770%E2%80%931851)" title="Princess Maria Christina of Saxony (1770–1851)">Princess Maria Christina of Saxony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1801%E2%80%931855)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)">Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Austria" title="Adelaide of Austria">Archduchess Adelaide of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Saxony" title="Princess Elisabeth of Saxony">Princess Elisabeth of Saxony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_of_Savoy" title="Margherita of Savoy">Princess Margherita of Savoy</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabella_of_Bavaria" title="Princess Isabella of Bavaria">Princess Isabella of Bavaria</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Vittoria_dal_Pozzo" title="Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo">Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo, 6th Princess della Cisterna</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Letizia_Bonaparte,_Duchess_of_Aosta" title="Maria Letizia Bonaparte, Duchess of Aosta">Princess Maria Letizia Bonaparte</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elena_of_Montenegro" title="Elena of Montenegro">Princess Elena of Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Princess Hélène of Orléans">Princess Hélène of Orléans</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Jos%C3%A9_of_Belgium" title="Marie-José of Belgium">Princess Marie José of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anne_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Princess Anne of Orléans">Princess Anne of Orléans</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Irene,_Duchess_of_Aosta" title="Princess Irene, Duchess of Aosta">Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Doria" title="Marina Doria">Marina Ricolfi-Doria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Claude_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Princess Claude of Orléans">Princess Claude of Orléans</a>***</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvia_Patern%C3%B2_di_Spedalotto" title="Silvia Paternò di Spedalotto">Silvia Paternò di Spedalotto</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clotilde_Courau" title="Clotilde Courau">Clotilde Marie Pascale Courau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Olga_of_Savoy-Aosta" title="Princess Olga of Savoy-Aosta">Princess Olga of Greece</a>***</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*<i>also a princess of Savoy by birth</i> **<i>Princess of Savoy-Genoa</i> ***<i>Princess of Savoy-Aosta</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princesses_of_Piedmont" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princesses_of_Piedmont" title="Template:Princesses of Piedmont"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princesses_of_Piedmont" title="Template talk:Princesses of Piedmont"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses_of_Piedmont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses of Piedmont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princesses_of_Piedmont" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Piedmont" title="Princess of Piedmont">Princesses of Piedmont</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christine_of_France" title="Christine of France">Princess Christine of France</a> <i>(1619-1630)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countess_Palatine_Anne_Christine_of_Sulzbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Palatine Anne Christine of Sulzbach">Countess Palatine Anne Christine of Sulzbach</a> <i>(1722-1723)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyxena_of_Hesse-Rotenburg" title="Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg">Landgravine Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg</a> <i>(1724-1730)</i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Princess Marie Clotilde of France</a> <i>(1776-1796)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita_of_Savoy" title="Margherita of Savoy">Princess Margherita of Savoy</a> <i>(1868-1878)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_of_Montenegro" title="Elena of Montenegro">Princess Elena of Montenegro</a> <i>(1896-1900)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jos%C3%A9_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie José of Belgium">Princess Marie José of Belgium</a> <i>(1930-1946)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Queens_of_Sardinia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sardinian_consorts" title="Template:Sardinian consorts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sardinian_consorts" title="Template talk:Sardinian consorts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sardinian_consorts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sardinian consorts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Queens_of_Sardinia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Savoyard_consorts" title="List of Savoyard consorts">Queens of Sardinia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d'Orléans">Anne Marie d'Orléans</a> <i>(1720–1728)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyxena_of_Hesse-Rotenburg" title="Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg">Landgravine Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg</a> <i>(1730–1735)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Therese_of_Lorraine" title="Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine">Princess Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine</a> <i>(1737–1741)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">Infanta Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain</a> <i>(1773–1785)</i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Princess Marie Clotilde of France</a> <i>(1796–1802)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este_(1773%E2%80%931832)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1773–1832)">Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este</a> <i>(1802–1821)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cristina_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily">Princess Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily</a> <i>(1821–1831)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1801%E2%80%931855)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855)">Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria</a> <i>(1831–1849)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Austria" title="Adelaide of Austria">Archduchess Adelaide of Austria</a> <i>(1849–1855)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668220#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668220#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668220#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066652440">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7763425">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1533151/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJd3QKkYbPKGdPFVVJwpyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/101927495">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr97013678">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13487549b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13487549b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Clotilde <regina di Sardegna>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MUSV000371">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810622222305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007301721205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd101927495.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/101927495">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/152718931">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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