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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一次布拉格拋窗事件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>第一次布拉格拋窗事件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一次布拉格拋窗事件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二次布拉格拋窗事件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二次布拉格拋窗事件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>第二次布拉格拋窗事件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二次布拉格拋窗事件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">布拉格拋窗事件</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。32种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Прага дефенестрациялары – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Прага дефенестрациялары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Пражскія дэфенестрацыі – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пражскія дэфенестрацыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Пражка дефенестрация – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пражка дефенестрация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difrenestri%C3%B1_Praha" title="Difrenestriñ Praha – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Difrenestriñ Praha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestraci%C3%B3_de_Praga" title="Defenestració de Praga – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Defenestració de Praga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Праган дефенестрацеш – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Праган дефенестрацеш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%A1_defenestrace" title="Pražská defenestrace – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pražská defenestrace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prager_Fenstersturz" title="Prager Fenstersturz – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prager Fenstersturz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestrations_of_Prague" title="Defenestrations of Prague – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Defenestrations of Prague" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestraciones_de_Praga" title="Defenestraciones de Praga – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Defenestraciones de Praga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestraci%C3%B3ns_de_Praga" title="Defenestracións de Praga – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Defenestracións de Praga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%A1ka_defenestracija" title="Praška defenestracija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Praška defenestracija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Պրահայի դեֆենեստրացիաներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պրահայի դեֆենեստրացիաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelemparan_di_Praha" title="Pelemparan di Praha – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pelemparan di Praha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8F%E7%AA%93%E5%A4%96%E6%94%BE%E5%87%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="プラハ窓外放出事件 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プラハ窓外放出事件" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="პრაღის დეფენესტრაციები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრაღის დეფენესტრაციები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%ED%95%98_%EC%B0%BD%EB%B0%96_%ED%88%AC%EC%B2%99%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="프라하 창밖 투척사건 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프라하 창밖 투척사건" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestratio_Pragensis" title="Defenestratio Pragensis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Defenestratio Pragensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestratio_Pragensis" title="Defenestratio Pragensis – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Defenestratio Pragensis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestrasjonene_i_Praha" title="Defenestrasjonene i Praha – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Defenestrasjonene i Praha" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestracja_praska" title="Defenestracja praska – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Defenestracja praska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestra%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_Praga" title="Defenestrações de Praga – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Defenestrações de Praga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestra%C8%9Biile_de_la_Praga" title="Defenestrațiile de la Praga – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Defenestrațiile de la Praga" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Пражские дефенестрации – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пражские дефенестрации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difinistrazzioni_di_Praga" title="Difinistrazzioni di Praga – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Difinistrazzioni di Praga" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%A1ka_defenestracija" title="Praška defenestracija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Praška defenestracija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%A1ka_defenestracija" title="Praška defenestracija – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Praška defenestracija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Прашка дефенестрација – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прашка дефенестрација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestrationerna_i_Prag" title="Defenestrationerna i Prag – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Defenestrationerna i Prag" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prag_Defenestrasyonlar%C4%B1" title="Prag Defenestrasyonları – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Prag Defenestrasyonları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Празька дефенестрація – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Празька дефенестрація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desfenestrasion_de_Praga" title="Desfenestrasion de Praga – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Desfenestrasion de Praga" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defenestrations_of_Prague" class="extiw" title="en:Defenestrations of Prague">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2016年1月10日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antistub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/44px-Antistub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/66px-Antistub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/88px-Antistub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要擴充。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2016年1月10日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%8B%E7%AA%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit">改善这篇條目</a>，更進一步的信息可能會在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%8B%E7%AA%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Talk:布拉格拋窗事件">討論頁</a>或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%89%A9%E5%85%85%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82" title="Wikipedia:扩充请求">扩充请求</a>中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>布拉格拋窗事件</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克語">捷克語</a>：<span lang="cs"><b>Pražska defenestrace</b></span>，德語：<span lang="de"><b>Prager Fenstersturz</b></span>，又譯<b>布拉格擲窗事件</b>）是發生於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a>的歷史事件，為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波希米亞">波希米亞</a>人對<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="羅馬教廷">羅馬教廷</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>的反抗，共有兩次，分別發生於1419年與1618年，第一次事件引發了<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="胡斯戰爭">胡斯戰爭</a>，第二次事件則成為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="三十年戰爭">三十年戰爭</a>的原因。一般「布拉格拋窗事件」所指的是第二次。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第一次布拉格拋窗事件"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.AC.A1.E5.B8.83.E6.8B.89.E6.A0.BC.E6.8B.8B.E7.AA.97.E4.BA.8B.E4.BB.B6"></span>第一次布拉格拋窗事件</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%8B%E7%AA%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：第一次布拉格拋窗事件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1415年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>諸侯國<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="波希米亞">波希米亞</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a>家<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">揚·胡斯</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="康斯坦茨宗教会议">康斯坦茨宗教會議</a>中被<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="羅馬教廷">羅馬教廷</a>判決為<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a>並以<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%88%91" title="火刑">火刑</a>處死後，引起支持胡斯的地方<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族">貴族</a>及民眾對<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="教廷">教廷</a>激烈<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AD%B0" title="抗議">抗議</a>，最後教廷對波希米亞發佈「禁行聖事」的處罰禁令。1419年，在神聖羅馬君主（只當選<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬人民的國王">羅馬人民的國王</a>，未就任帝位）兼波希米亞國王<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="瓦茨拉夫四世">瓦茨拉夫四世</a>斡旋下，終於讓禁令解除，然而原本以胡斯信徒為主的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="市议会">市議會</a>卻遭到解散，還有人被<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%AE%E6%8D%95" title="逮捕">逮捕</a>，代之而起的是以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>為主的新市議會。胡斯信徒非常憤怒，同年7月30日，部份激進的胡斯信徒在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="神父">神父</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="揚·柴利夫斯基" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jan Želivský"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8F%9A%C2%B7%E6%9F%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="揚·柴利夫斯基（页面不存在）">揚·柴利夫斯基</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_%C5%BDelivsk%C3%BD" class="extiw" title="en:Jan Želivský"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jan Želivský</span></a></span>）</span></span>的率領下走上街頭示威<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="遊行">遊行</a>，人潮聚集至<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%B0%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%8E%85" title="布拉格新市政厅">新市政廳</a>前的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="查理广场">查理廣場</a>，要求釋放被逮捕的胡斯信徒。隨著遊行群眾情緒的高漲，也益發激起反胡斯派的不滿，突然有人由市政大廳的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="窗口">窗口</a>向胡斯信徒丟擲<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="石">石</a>塊，立刻引爆了一觸即發的情勢。狂怒的激進份子衝進新市政廳，在群眾的鼓譟煽動下，活活地將<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="市長">市長</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="市議員">市議員</a>共7人自新市政廳的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%97%E6%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="窗戶">窗戶</a>扔向樓下一大群手持長<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%9B" title="矛">矛</a>的抗議者，此即為「第一次拋窗事件」。之後暴動更加激烈，開始攻擊<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>及相關人物，導致<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>出兵<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87%E5%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="镇压">鎮壓</a>，胡斯信徒也全面<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="起事">起事</a>，引發長達15年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="胡斯戰爭">胡斯戰爭</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="第二次布拉格拋窗事件"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E5.B8.83.E6.8B.89.E6.A0.BC.E6.8B.8B.E7.AA.97.E4.BA.8B.E4.BB.B6"></span>第二次布拉格拋窗事件</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%8B%E7%AA%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：第二次布拉格拋窗事件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defenestration-prague-1618.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Defenestration-prague-1618.jpg/300px-Defenestration-prague-1618.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Defenestration-prague-1618.jpg/450px-Defenestration-prague-1618.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Defenestration-prague-1618.jpg/600px-Defenestration-prague-1618.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>第二次拋窗事件（同時代<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="版畫">版畫</a>）</figcaption></figure> <p>1555年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神聖羅馬帝國</a>皇帝查理五世签署<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="奥格斯堡宗教和约">奥格斯堡宗教和约</a>，承认波希米亚人宗教信仰现状。1609年帝国皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="鲁道夫二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">鲁道夫二世</a>颁布了“皇帝帝国宪章”，进一步允许了波希米亚人的宗教自由。1617年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神聖羅馬帝國</a>皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="马提亚斯 (神圣罗马帝国)">馬提亞斯</a>派遣<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A9%8C%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="耶穌會">耶穌會</a>教士進入波希米亞，意圖在波希米亞復興<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>，並任命<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="哈布斯堡">哈布斯堡</a>皇室的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="斐迪南二世 (神圣罗马帝国)">斐迪南大公</a>為波希米亞國王。斐迪南是一名狂熱的天主教徒，他對波希米亞的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>徒進行大規模的迫害，並禁止新教徒的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>活動，拆毀他們的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="教堂">教堂</a>。於是在1618年5月23日，波希米亞<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">首都</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC" title="布拉格">布拉格</a>的新教徒發動起義，衝進<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1" title="布拉格城堡">布拉格城堡</a>，以侵害<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">宗教自由</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="罪行">罪行</a>將兩名帝國<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大臣">大臣</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉·格拉夫·斯拉瓦塔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wilhelm Grav Slavata"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E5%A1%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·格拉夫·斯拉瓦塔（页面不存在）">威廉·格拉夫·斯拉瓦塔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Grav_Slavata" class="extiw" title="en:Wilhelm Grav Slavata"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wilhelm Grav Slavata</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅羅斯拉夫·博爾齊塔·馮·馬丁尼茨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jaroslav Borzita Von Martinitz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%88%BE%E9%BD%8A%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅羅斯拉夫·博爾齊塔·馮·馬丁尼茨（页面不存在）">雅羅斯拉夫·博爾齊塔·馮·馬丁尼茨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Borzita_Von_Martinitz" class="extiw" title="en:Jaroslav Borzita Von Martinitz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jaroslav Borzita Von Martinitz</span></a></span>）</span></span>及一位<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98%E5%AE%98" title="書記官">書記官</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲利普·法布里奇烏斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philip Fabricius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲利普·法布里奇烏斯（页面不存在）">菲利普·法布里奇烏斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Fabricius" class="extiw" title="en:Philip Fabricius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philip Fabricius</span></a></span>）</span></span>共3人從窗口扔出，此即為「第二次布拉格拋窗事件」。三人僥倖墜落<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E8%82%A5" title="堆肥">堆肥</a>中而未受傷，隨即逃至斐迪南國王處報告造反。1619年新教徒成立臨時政府，由30位成員組成，推舉<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8)" class="mw-redirect" title="腓特烈五世 (普法爾茨)">腓特烈五世</a>為王，宣佈<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="波希米亚">波希米亞</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="獨立">獨立</a>，引發<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B1%B1%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="白山之戰">白山之戰</a>，雖以慘敗告終，但戰後的嚴酷處置卻釀成影響<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>深遠的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="三十年戰爭">三十年戰爭</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%8B%E7%AA%97%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div 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