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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-起源和背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源和背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>起源和背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起源和背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-康斯坦斯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#康斯坦斯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>康斯坦斯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-康斯坦斯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法令和教义地位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法令和教义地位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>法令和教义地位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法令和教义地位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-结束天主教大分裂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#结束天主教大分裂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>结束天主教大分裂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-结束天主教大分裂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对扬·胡斯的谴责" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对扬·胡斯的谴责"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>对扬·胡斯的谴责</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对扬·胡斯的谴责-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-波兰-立陶宛-条顿冲突" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#波兰-立陶宛-条顿冲突"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>波兰-立陶宛-条顿冲突</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-波兰-立陶宛-条顿冲突-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考资料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>引文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">康士坦斯大公會議</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。56种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzil_von_Konstanz" title="Konzil von Konstanz – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Konzil von Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilio_de_Gostanza" title="Concilio de Gostanza – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Concilio de Gostanza" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="مجمع كونستانس – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجمع كونستانس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="مجمع كونستانس – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مجمع كونستانس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceyu_de_Constanza" title="Conceyu de Constanza – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conceyu de Constanza" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Канстанцкі сабор – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канстанцкі сабор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Канстанцкі сабор – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Канстанцкі сабор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Констанцки събор – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Констанцки събор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concili_de_Constan%C3%A7a" title="Concili de Constança – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Concili de Constança" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostnick%C3%BD_koncil" title="Kostnický koncil – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kostnický koncil" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyngor_Konstanz" title="Cyngor Konstanz – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyngor Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/16._%C3%B8kumeniske_koncil" title="16. økumeniske koncil – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="16. økumeniske koncil" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konzil_von_Konstanz" title="Konzil von Konstanz – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konzil von Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Council of Constance" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncilio_de_Konstanco" title="Koncilio de Konstanco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Koncilio de Konstanco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilio_de_Constanza" title="Concilio de Constanza – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Concilio de Constanza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanzi_kirikukogu" title="Konstanzi kirikukogu – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Konstanzi kirikukogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantzako_kontzilioa" title="Konstantzako kontzilioa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konstantzako kontzilioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="شورای کنستانس – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورای کنستانس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanzin_kirkolliskokous" title="Konstanzin kirkolliskokous – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Konstanzin kirkolliskokous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concile_de_Constance" title="Concile de Constance – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Concile de Constance" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhairle_Konstanz" title="Comhairle Konstanz – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhairle Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A5" title="ועידת קונסטנץ – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ועידת קונסטנץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabor_u_Konstanzu" title="Sabor u Konstanzu – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sabor u Konstanzu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanzi_zsinat" title="Konstanzi zsinat – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Konstanzi zsinat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsili_Konstanz" title="Konsili Konstanz – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsili Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concil_de_Konstanz" title="Concil de Konstanz – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Concil de Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilio_di_Costanza" title="Concilio di Costanza – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Concilio di Costanza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E5%85%AC%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="コンスタンツ公会議 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンスタンツ公会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="კონსტანცის საეკლესიო კრება – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონსტანცის საეკლესიო კრება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%B8%A0_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" title="콘스탄츠 공의회 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콘스탄츠 공의회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilium_Constantiense" title="Concilium Constantiense – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Concilium Constantiense" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanco_susirinkimas" title="Konstanco susirinkimas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Konstanco susirinkimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstancas_koncils" title="Konstancas koncils – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Konstancas koncils" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കോൺസ്റ്റൻസ് സൂനഹദോസ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോൺസ്റ്റൻസ് സൂനഹദോസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majlis_Konstanz" title="Majlis Konstanz – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Majlis Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concilie_van_Konstanz" title="Concilie van Konstanz – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Concilie van Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrkjem%C3%B8tet_i_Konstanz" title="Kyrkjemøtet i Konstanz – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kyrkjemøtet i Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsilet_i_Konstanz" title="Konsilet i Konstanz – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konsilet i Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concili_de_Constan%C3%A7a" title="Concili de Constança – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Concili de Constança" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sob%C3%B3r_w_Konstancji" title="Sobór w Konstancji – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sobór w Konstancji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conc%C3%ADlio_de_Constan%C3%A7a" title="Concílio de Constança – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Concílio de Constança" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Констанцский собор – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Констанцский собор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koncil_u_Konstanzu" title="Koncil u Konstanzu – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koncil u Konstanzu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Council of Constance" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostnick%C3%BD_koncil" title="Kostnický koncil – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kostnický koncil" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstan%C5%A1ki_koncil" title="Konstanški koncil – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Konstanški koncil" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83" title="Сабор у Констанцу – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сабор у Констанцу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konciliet_i_Konstanz" title="Konciliet i Konstanz – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konciliet i Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtaguso_wa_Konstanz" title="Mtaguso wa Konstanz – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtaguso wa Konstanz" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காண்ஸ்தான்சு பொதுச்சங்கம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காண்ஸ்தான்சு பொதுச்சங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konseho_ng_Constancia" title="Konseho ng Constancia – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Konseho ng Constancia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanz_Konsili" title="Konstanz Konsili – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Konstanz Konsili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Констанцький собор – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Констанцький собор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_Constance" title="Công đồng Constance – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công đồng Constance" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E8%8C%B2%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="康士坦茲大公會議 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="康士坦茲大公會議" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q154001#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-29705bb" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="康斯坦茨宗教会议">康斯坦茨宗教会议</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-29705bb" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-title" data-noteta-code="zh-cn:康斯坦茨大公会议;zh-tw:康士坦斯大公會議;"></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:康斯坦茨;zh-tw:康士坦斯;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="{{{bodystyle}}}"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:lightgreen;">康士坦斯大公会议</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">日期</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1414年–1418年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">公認者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教会">天主教会</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">上次會議</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%B4%8D%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="維埃納公會議">维埃纳公会议</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">下次會議</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="佛羅倫斯大公會議">佛罗伦斯大公会议</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">召集者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="若望二十三世 (對立教宗)">对立教宗若望二十三世</a>，经<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>确认</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">與會人數</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">600人</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">主題</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教会大分裂">天主教会大分裂</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">文件與聲明</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">接受教宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>的请辞<br />废黜<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="若望二十三世 (對立教宗)">对立教宗若望二十三世</a><br />废黜<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E6%95%8C%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="本笃十三世 (敌对教皇)">对立教宗本笃十三世</a> <br />谴责<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">扬·胡斯</a> <br />选出新一任教宗<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E7%88%BE%E5%AE%9A%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="瑪爾定五世">玛尔定五世</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:2px solid lightgreen;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議年表</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>康士坦斯大公会议</b>是15世纪<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教会</a>授权并举办的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公会议</a>，于1414年至1418年在今德国的康士坦斯主教区举行。大会接受了教宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>的请辞，废黜了两位对立教宗并选举了<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="瑪定五世">教宗马丁五世</a>，结束了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教会大分裂</a>。 </p><p>该大会还宣布<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">扬·胡斯</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">异端</a>，并协助地方当局将其处决，导致<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="胡斯战争">胡斯战争</a>的爆发。大会还在国家主权、异教徒权利和正义战争等问题上作出裁决，以应对<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="立陶宛大公国">立陶宛大公国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E7%8E%8B%E5%86%A0%E9%A2%86%E5%9C%B0" title="波兰王国王冠领地">波兰王国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E9%A1%BF%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="条顿骑士团">条顿骑士团</a>之间的冲突。该大会的重要性也在其与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="会议至上主义">会议至上</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8A%E8%AB%96" title="教宗至上論">教宗至上</a>的关系里得到了充分体现。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="起源和背景"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90.E5.92.8C.E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>起源和背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：起源和背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_der_Chronik_des_Konzils_von_Konstanz_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Meister_der_Chronik_des_Konzils_von_Konstanz_001.jpg/220px-Meister_der_Chronik_des_Konzils_von_Konstanz_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Meister_der_Chronik_des_Konzils_von_Konstanz_001.jpg/330px-Meister_der_Chronik_des_Konzils_von_Konstanz_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Meister_der_Chronik_des_Konzils_von_Konstanz_001.jpg/440px-Meister_der_Chronik_des_Konzils_von_Konstanz_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2955" /></a><figcaption>皇帝西吉斯蒙德的第二任妻子<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E8%8A%AD%E8%8A%AD%E6%8B%89" title="采列的芭芭拉">采列的芭芭拉</a>和他们的女儿<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%89%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD_(1409-1442)" title="盧森堡的伊莉莎白 (1409-1442)">卢森堡的伊丽莎白</a>参加了康士坦斯会议</figcaption></figure> <p>该大会的主要目的是结束因<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E8%BE%B2%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="亞維農教廷">亚维农教廷</a>造成的混乱而导致的教会分裂。教宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略十一世">额我略十一世</a>于1377年从亚维农返回罗马，但他在次年就去世。他的继任者<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E8%AB%BE%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="烏爾巴諾六世">乌尔巴诺六世</a>通过有争议的选举而当选教宗，导致一些<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E8%A1%A3%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="红衣主教">红衣主教</a>脱离教廷，并于1378年在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%B4%E5%86%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="亚维农">亚维农</a>选出了对立教宗克莱孟七世。经过三十年的分裂，对立教廷召集了比萨大会，试图通过同时罢免两位教皇并选举一位新教皇来解决这一局面。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrenken201416-21_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrenken201416-21-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>大会声称，在这种情况下，主教理事会比一位主教拥有更大的权力，即使他是罗马主教。此次大会选出的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="亞歷山大五世 (對立教宗)">教宗亚历山大五世</a>和他的继承人<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="若望二十三世 (對立教宗)">教宗若望二十三世</a>获得了广泛的支持。但教会的分裂仍在继续，因为现在同时出现了三个教宗：罗马的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="額我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>，亚维农的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="本篤十三世 (對立教宗)">本笃十三世</a>和比萨的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="若望二十三世 (對立教宗)">若望二十三世</a>。 </p><p>因此，包括罗马和匈牙利国王（以及后来的神圣罗马帝国皇帝）<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="西吉斯蒙德 (神圣罗马帝国)">西吉斯蒙德</a>在内的许多欧洲贵族都要求召开另一个会议来解决这个问题。于是新的大会由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="若望二十三世 (對立教宗)">若望二十三世</a>召集，于1414年11月16日至1418年4月22日在德国<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%8C%A8" title="康斯坦茨">康斯坦茨</a>举行。根据约瑟夫麦凯布的说法，大约有29位<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%9E%E6%A9%9F" title="樞機">红衣主教</a>、100位“博学的法律和神学博士”、134位<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2%E9%95%BF" title="修道院长">修道院长</a>以及183位<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教会主教">主教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="總主教">大主教</a>出席了这次会议。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="康斯坦斯"><span id=".E5.BA.B7.E6.96.AF.E5.9D.A6.E6.96.AF"></span>康斯坦斯</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：康斯坦斯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="西吉斯蒙德 (神圣罗马帝国)">西吉斯蒙德</a>于1414年圣诞节前夕抵达大会现场，并以教会的帝国保护者的身份对议会的进程产生了持续的影响。大会的一项创新是，主教不是以个人身份投票，而是以国家集团投票。各国的投票在很大程度上被英国、德国和法国主教集团所影响。因此这项措施的合法性值得怀疑，但在1415年2月期间它通过了，此后在实践中被接受，尽管从未得到任何大会正式法令的授权。四个“国家”由英国、法国、意大利和德国组成，波兰人、匈牙利人、丹麦人和斯堪的纳维亚人与德国人一起计算。虽然意大利代表占出席人数的一半，但他们的影响力与英国人相当，后者派出了20名代表和3名主教。最初缺席的西班牙代表（来自葡萄牙、卡斯蒂利亚、纳瓦拉和阿拉贡）在第二十一届会议上加入了大会，抵达后即成为第五个国家。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahan1908_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahan1908-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法令和教义地位"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E4.BB.A4.E5.92.8C.E6.95.99.E4.B9.89.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D"></span>法令和教义地位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：法令和教义地位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richental_Konzilssitzung_Muenster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Richental_Konzilssitzung_Muenster.jpg/220px-Richental_Konzilssitzung_Muenster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Richental_Konzilssitzung_Muenster.jpg/330px-Richental_Konzilssitzung_Muenster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Richental_Konzilssitzung_Muenster.jpg/440px-Richental_Konzilssitzung_Muenster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3590" data-file-height="2508" /></a><figcaption>主教们在康士坦斯大会上与教宗辩论</figcaption></figure> <p>新一届大会的许多成员（包括许多神学、教规和民法博士、主教检察官、大学代表、大教堂分会、教务长等，選帝侯的代表等）强烈支持三位教宗自愿退位，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="西吉斯蒙德 (神圣罗马帝国)">西吉斯蒙德</a>皇帝也是如此。 <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahan1908_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahan1908-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>尽管大量陪同<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="若望二十三世 (對立教宗)">若望二十三世</a>参加此次大会的意大利主教支持他的合法性，但他对此次大会逐渐失去了信任。1415年3月2日，他承诺自己将辞去教宗之位，部分原因是为了回应意大利匿名消息人士对其个人的猛烈攻击。然而，在3月20日，他秘密逃离了这座城市，并在他的朋友奥地利蒂罗尔公爵弗雷德里克的领地沙夫豪森避难。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahan1908_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahan1908-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>随着著名的<i>“Haec Sancta Synodus”</i>法案的颁布<i>，</i>大会的权威得到了确定，因而成为教会<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E8%87%B3%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="会议至上主义">会议至上主义</a>的来源。大会在1415年4月6日的第五次会议上正式颁布该法案。 </p><p><i>“Haec Sancta Synodus”</i>标志着大会改革运动的高潮。然而，该法令不被天主教教理局视为有效，因为它从未得到教宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>或其继任者的批准，而是在之前的一次会议上由大会通过确认。天主教会宣布康士坦斯大会的第一届会议是无效和非法的主教集会，因为该会议是在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B0%8D%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="若望二十三世 (對立教宗)">若望二十三世</a>的组织下进行的。 </p><p>直到1442年，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="佛羅倫斯大公會議">佛罗伦斯大公会议</a>的要求下，这次大会的决议才正式公开。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="结束天主教大分裂"><span id=".E7.BB.93.E6.9D.9F.E5.A4.A9.E4.B8.BB.E6.95.99.E5.A4.A7.E5.88.86.E8.A3.82"></span>结束天主教大分裂</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：结束天主教大分裂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="西吉斯蒙德 (神圣罗马帝国)">西吉斯蒙德</a>皇帝的支持下，大会建议三位教宗一起退位，并重新选出另一位。可能是因为<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="西吉斯蒙德 (神圣罗马帝国)">西吉斯蒙特</a>经常在场，其他王国的君主向大会要求他们也要对教宗的人选有发言权。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStober201424-31_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStober201424-31-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>随后派代表前往康士坦斯，他授予大会召集、召开和主持会议的权力；他还向大会提出辞呈，辞任教宗之位。这将为教会分裂的结束铺平道路。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="西吉斯蒙德 (神圣罗马帝国)">西吉斯蒙德</a>和聚集的主教们接见了使节，国王将会议的主席权交给了教皇使节拉古萨的红衣主教乔瓦尼·多米尼奇和卡洛·马拉泰斯塔王子。1415年7月4日，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>正式任命多米尼奇和马拉泰斯塔为他的全权代理人。枢机们随后宣读了<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>的法令，该法令召集了大会并授权了其后续行动。于是，主教们投票接受了大会的举办。马拉泰斯塔王子立即通知大会，他得到了教宗<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="額我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>的授权，可以代表教宗辞去教宗宝座。他询问大会是否愿意即刻或以后再接受退位，而主教们投票决定立即接受教宗的退位。随即宣读了<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>授权其代理人代表他辞去教廷职务的委托书，马拉泰斯塔以<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>的名义宣布教宗辞去教廷职务，并将辞呈的书面副本交给大会。 </p><p>前教皇<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>随后被大会任命为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A-%E8%81%96%E9%AD%AF%E8%8F%B2%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%9F%8E%E9%83%8A%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="天主教波多-聖魯菲納羅馬城郊教區">波尔图和圣鲁菲纳</a>名义上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E8%A1%A3%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="红衣主教">红衣主教</a>，其级别仅次于教皇（这使他成为教会中级别最高的人，因为由于他的退位，罗马主教暂缺）。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="額我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>的枢机主教被议会接受为真正的枢机主教，但议会成员还是决定推迟选举新教皇，因为担心新教皇会限制对教会内部问题的进一步讨论。 </p><p>当所有对立教宗都被废黜且新一任教宗<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="瑪定五世">玛尔定五世</a>被选出，距离<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="额我略十二世">额我略十二世</a>的退位已经过去了两年，且前教宗也已经过世。大会非常注意继承的合法性，以确保新的教皇可以顺利即位。1417年11月选出的新教皇<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="瑪定五世">玛尔定五世</a>很快被加冕并成为教会首领。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="对扬·胡斯的谴责"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E6.89.AC.C2.B7.E8.83.A1.E6.96.AF.E7.9A.84.E8.B0.B4.E8.B4.A3"></span>对扬·胡斯的谴责</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：对扬·胡斯的谴责"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaclav_Brozik_-_Hus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vaclav_Brozik_-_Hus.jpg/220px-Vaclav_Brozik_-_Hus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vaclav_Brozik_-_Hus.jpg/330px-Vaclav_Brozik_-_Hus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vaclav_Brozik_-_Hus.jpg/440px-Vaclav_Brozik_-_Hus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1340" /></a><figcaption>瓦茨拉夫·布罗日克(Václav Brožík) 画的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">扬·胡斯</a>在康士坦斯大会接受教会谴责</figcaption></figure> <p>大会的第二个目标是继续在比萨理事会（1409年）开始的改革。改革主要针对<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·威克里夫">约翰·威克里夫</a>（在开幕式上提到并于1415年5月4日在第八届会议上受到教会谴责）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF" title="扬·胡斯">扬·胡斯</a>以及他们的追随者。胡斯根据安全行为书被传唤到康斯坦茨，被大会认定犯有异端罪并移交世俗法庭。“康斯坦茨这个神圣的主教会议，看到上帝的教会无能为力，将扬·胡斯交给世俗权威的判决，并下令将他交给世俗法庭。”（康斯坦茨会议记录，1415年7月15日至6日）。世俗法庭判处他<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%88%91" title="火刑">火刑</a>。 </p><p>胡斯的支持者<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86" title="布拉格的杰罗姆">布拉格的杰罗姆</a>来到康士坦斯为前者提供帮助，但杰罗姆同样被教会逮捕、审判、被判犯有异端罪并被移交给同一个世俗法庭，最终与胡斯一样被处以火刑。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%90%89%E6%AD%90%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%96%AC%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC" title="波吉歐·布拉喬利尼">波吉歐·布拉乔利尼</a>出席了大会，并谈到了对杰罗姆不公平审判的过程。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShepherd183781-_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShepherd183781--4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>一些波兰代表在大会上公开为胡斯辩护，但对最终的结果无能为力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="波兰-立陶宛-条顿冲突"><span id=".E6.B3.A2.E5.85.B0-.E7.AB.8B.E9.99.B6.E5.AE.9B-.E6.9D.A1.E9.A1.BF.E5.86.B2.E7.AA.81"></span>波兰-立陶宛-条顿冲突</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：波兰-立陶宛-条顿冲突"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1411年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%89%98%E4%BC%A6%E5%92%8C%E7%BA%A6" title="第一次托伦和约">第一次托伦和约</a>结束了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0-%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B-%E6%9D%A1%E9%A1%BF%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="波兰-立陶宛-条顿战争">波兰-立陶宛-条顿战争</a>，其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E9%A1%BF%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="条顿骑士团">条顿骑士团</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%9B%96%E9%9A%86%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="雅盖隆王朝时期的波兰">波兰王国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="立陶宛大公国">立陶宛大公国</a>作战。然而，和平并不稳定，在划定<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%8E%AB%E5%90%89%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="萨莫吉希亚">萨莫吉希亚</a>边界方面，三方出现了进一步的冲突。紧张局势在1414年夏天爆发为短暂的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%A2%E9%A4%93%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="飢餓戰爭">饥饿战争</a>。最终康士坦斯委员会负责调节三方针对领土划分的争议。 </p><p>波兰-立陶宛的立场由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%8D%B7%E9%9A%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="亞捷隆大學">雅盖隆大学</a>校长保卢斯·弗拉基米里(Paulus Vladimiri) 捍卫，他质疑条顿人对立陶宛发起<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="立陶宛十字軍">十字军圣战</a>的合法性。他辩称，强迫皈依与自由意志不相容，而自由意志是真正皈依的重要组成部分。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>因此，如果异教徒侵犯了基督徒的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="自然权利">自然权利</a>，骑士团只能发动防御性战争。弗拉基米里进一步规定异教徒拥有必须受到尊重的权利，教皇和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="神聖羅馬皇帝">神圣罗马帝国皇帝</a>都无权侵犯这些权利。立陶宛人还带来了一群萨莫吉希亚人代表，为骑士团在立陶宛的种种暴行作证。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>神学家法尔肯贝格的约翰是波兰人最大的对手。在他的自由主义理论一书中，法尔肯伯格认为“皇帝有权杀死即使是和平的异教徒，仅仅因为他们是异教徒。波兰人为捍卫异教徒而死，比异教徒更应该被消灭；他们应该被剥夺主权，沦为奴隶。”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassar1997_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassar1997-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在萨蒂拉一书中，他攻击了波兰立陶宛国王<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%9B%96%E6%B2%83" title="雅盖沃">雅盖沃</a>，称其为“疯狗”，不配当国王。法尔肯伯格因这种诽谤而受到谴责和监禁。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其他反对者包括彼得·沃姆迪特、圣吉米尼亚诺的多米尼克、约翰·乌尔巴赫、诺瓦拉的阿尔德西诺·德·波尔塔和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%88%88%E5%9F%8E%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="天主教羅德里戈城教區">罗德里戈城主教</a>安德鲁·埃斯科巴。他们争辩说，骑士团在他们的十字军圣战中是完全有道理的，因为传播真正的信仰是基督徒的神圣职责。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E4%BC%8A" title="皮埃尔·戴伊">皮埃尔·德艾利</a>红衣主教发表了一份独立意见，试图在某种程度上平衡波兰人和条顿人的立场。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此次大会没有做出任何政治决定。但还是宣布建立<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E8%80%83%E9%82%A3%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%BD%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="天主教考那斯總教區">萨莫吉希亚教区</a>，其席位在<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%B0%BC%E8%89%BE" title="瓦爾尼艾">麦宁凯</a>，隶属于立陶宛教区，并任命特拉凯的马蒂亚斯为第一任主教。新任教宗<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="瑪定五世">玛尔定五世</a>任命波兰-立陶宛国王<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%9B%96%E6%B2%83" title="雅盖沃">雅盖沃</a>和立陶宛大公<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E9%99%B6%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF" title="维陶塔斯">维陶塔斯</a>作为<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="普斯科夫">普斯科夫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7" title="大诺夫哥罗德">诺夫戈罗德</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="副主教">副主教</a>以表彰他们对天主教忠心。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>经过又一轮徒劳的谈判，1422年爆发了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E8%B7%AF%E5%B8%83%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥路布戰役（页面不存在）">戈鲁布战争</a>。此次战争以梅尔诺条约结束。波兰-立陶宛-条顿战争后来又持续了一百年。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引文"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E6.96.87"></span>引文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：引文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrenken201416-21-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrenken201416-21_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrenken2014">Frenken 2014</a>，第16-21頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahan1908-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahan1908_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahan1908_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahan1908_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShahan1908">Shahan 1908</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStober201424-31-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStober201424-31_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStober2014">Stober 2014</a>，第24-31頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShepherd183781--4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShepherd183781-_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShepherd1837">Shepherd 1837</a>，第81-頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-3"><sup><b>5.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-4"><sup><b>5.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristiansen1997231_5-5"><sup><b>5.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a 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London: Harris Brothers for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman. 1837.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Poggio+Bracciolini&rft.date=1837&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harris+Brothers+for+Longman%2C+Rees%2C+Orme%2C+Brown%2C+Green+%26+Longman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifepoggiobracc02shepgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation magazine">Stober, Karin. Sigismunds Meisterstück [Sigismund's Masterpiece]. Damals. 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Cambridge: University Press. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&rft.atitle=Europe+1300-1500&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Polities&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmakingofpolities0000watt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="First seven ecumenical councils"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前七次大公會議（页面不存在）">前七次大公會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" class="extiw" title="en:First seven ecumenical councils"><span lang="en" dir="auto">First seven ecumenical councils</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次尼西亞公會議">尼西亞第一屆</a><small>（325年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次君士坦丁堡公會議">君士坦丁堡第一屆</a><small>（381年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="以弗所公會議">以弗所</a><small>（431年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="迦克墩公會議">迦克墩</a><small>（451年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次君士坦丁堡公會議">君士坦丁堡第二屆</a><small>（553年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第三次君士坦丁堡公會議">君士坦丁堡第三屆</a><small>（680年－681年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次尼西亞公會議">尼西亞第二屆</a><small>（787年）</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="First seven ecumenical councils"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前七次大公會議（页面不存在）">前七次大公會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" class="extiw" title="en:First seven ecumenical councils"><span lang="en" dir="auto">First seven ecumenical councils</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第四次君士坦丁堡公會議">君士坦丁堡第四屆</a><small>（869年－870年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次拉特朗公會議">拉特朗第一屆</a><small>（1123年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次拉特朗公會議">拉特朗第二屆</a><small>（1139年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第三次拉特朗公會議">拉特朗第三屆</a><small>（1179年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第四次拉特朗公會議">拉特朗第四屆</a><small>（1215年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次里昂公會議">里昂第一屆</a><small>（1245年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次里昂大公會議">里昂第二屆</a><small>（1274年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%B4%8D%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="維埃納公會議">維埃納</a><small>（1311年－1312年）</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">康士坦斯</a><small>（1414年－1418年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="佛羅倫斯大公會議">佛羅倫斯</a><small>（1431年－1445年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第五次拉特朗公會議">拉特朗第五屆</a><small>（1512年－1517年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E9%A8%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="特利騰大公會議">特利騰</a><small>（1545年－1563年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第一屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第一屆</a><small>（1869年－1870年／1960年）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第二屆</a><small>（1962年－1965年）</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">東正教會</a>承認的<br />大公會議</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前七次大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="First seven ecumenical councils"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前七次大公會議（页面不存在）">前七次大公會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" class="extiw" title="en:First seven ecumenical councils"><span lang="en" dir="auto">First seven ecumenical councils</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="昆尼色克特大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quinisext Council"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%86%E5%B0%BC%E8%89%B2%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="昆尼色克特大公會議（页面不存在）">昆尼色克特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinisext_Council" class="extiw" title="en:Quinisext Council"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quinisext Council</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（692年）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="君士坦丁堡第四屆大公會議 (東正教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0_(%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="君士坦丁堡第四屆大公會議 (東正教)（页面不存在）">君士坦丁堡第四屆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Eastern_Orthodox)" class="extiw" title="en:Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（879年－880年）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="君士坦丁堡第五屆大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fifth Council of Constantinople"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="君士坦丁堡第五屆大公會議（页面不存在）">君士坦丁堡第五屆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_Constantinople" class="extiw" title="en:Fifth Council of Constantinople"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fifth Council of Constantinople</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（1341年－1351年）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅西教會會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Synod of Iași"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅西教會會議（页面不存在）">雅西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Ia%C8%99i" class="extiw" title="en:Synod of Iași"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Synod of Iași</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（1642年）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耶路撒冷教會會議 (1672年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Synod of Jerusalem (1672)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0_(1672%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷教會會議 (1672年)（页面不存在）">耶路撒冷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Jerusalem_(1672)" class="extiw" title="en:Synod of Jerusalem (1672)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Synod of Jerusalem (1672)</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（1672年）</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="君士坦丁堡教會會議（页面不存在）">君士坦丁堡</a><small>（1872年）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泛東正教大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pan-Orthodox Council"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%9B%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泛東正教大公會議（页面不存在）">泛東正教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Orthodox_Council" class="extiw" title="en:Pan-Orthodox Council"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pan-Orthodox Council</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（2016年）</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a>承認的<br />大公會議</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>前三次大公會議</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以弗所第二屆大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second Council of Ephesus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以弗所第二屆大公會議（页面不存在）">以弗所第二屆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Council_of_Ephesus" class="extiw" title="en:Second Council of Ephesus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second Council of Ephesus</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（449年）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以弗所第三屆大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Third Council of Ephesus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以弗所第三屆大公會議（页面不存在）">以弗所第三屆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Council_of_Ephesus" class="extiw" title="en:Third Council of Ephesus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Third Council of Ephesus</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（475年）</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方教會">東方教會</a>承認的<br />大公會議</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>前二次大公會議</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞琉西亞－泰西封大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Council of Seleucia–Ctesiphon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E7%90%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%EF%BC%8D%E6%B3%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞琉西亞－泰西封大公會議（页面不存在）">塞琉西亞－泰西封</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Seleucia%E2%80%93Ctesiphon" class="extiw" title="en:Council of Seleucia–Ctesiphon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Council of Seleucia–Ctesiphon</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（410年）</small></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貝斯拉帕特教會會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Synod of Beth Lapat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝斯拉帕特教會會議（页面不存在）">貝斯拉帕特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Beth_Lapat" class="extiw" title="en:Synod of Beth Lapat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Synod of Beth Lapat</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（484年）</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古代教會會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代教會會議（页面不存在）">古代教會會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_church_councils_(pre-ecumenical)" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="耶路撒冷會議">耶路撒冷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿爾勒教會會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Synod of Arles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8B%92%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾勒教會會議（页面不存在）">阿爾勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synod_of_Arles" class="extiw" title="en:Synod of Arles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Synod of Arles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Great Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大教會（页面不存在）">大教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Great Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Great Church</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬帝國國家教會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="State church of the Roman Empire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬帝國國家教會（页面不存在）">羅馬帝國國家教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="extiw" title="en:State church of the Roman Empire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">State church of the Roman Empire</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比薩大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Council of Pisa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%96%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比薩大公會議（页面不存在）">比薩大公會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Pisa" class="extiw" title="en:Council of Pisa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Council of Pisa</span></a></span>）</span></span><small>（1409年）</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="教宗挑選、选举与秘密会议" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:gold; border:2px solid gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%8C%91%E9%81%B8%E3%80%81%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E8%88%87%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="Template:教宗挑選、選舉與秘密會議"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%8C%91%E9%81%B8%E3%80%81%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E8%88%87%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="Template talk:教宗挑選、選舉與秘密會議"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%8C%91%E9%81%B8%E3%80%81%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E8%88%87%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:教宗挑選、選舉與秘密會議"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="教宗挑選、选举与秘密会议" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">教宗挑選、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="教宗选举">选举与秘密会议</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: gold;"><div><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="教宗選舉列表">教宗選舉列表</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">11世纪前</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: #FFFAFA;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1059%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%8C%91%E9%81%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1059年前的教宗挑選（页面不存在）">1059年前的教宗挑選</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">11世纪选举</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/1061%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="1061年教宗选举">1061年</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1073%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="1073年教宗选举">1073年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1086%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1086年教宗選舉">1086年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1088%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1088年教宗選舉">1088年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1099%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1099年教宗選舉">1099年</a></span></div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sede_vacante.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sede_vacante.svg/100px-Sede_vacante.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sede_vacante.svg/150px-Sede_vacante.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sede_vacante.svg/200px-Sede_vacante.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">12世纪选举</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: #FFFAFA;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/1118%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1118年教宗選舉">1118年</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1119%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1119年教宗選舉">1119年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1124%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1124年教宗選舉">1124年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1130%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1130年教宗選舉">1130年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1143%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1143年教宗選舉">1143年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1144%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1144年教宗選舉">1144年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1145%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1145年教宗選舉">1145年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1153%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1153年教宗選舉">1153年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1154%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1154年教宗選舉">1154年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1159%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1159年教宗選舉">1159年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1181%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1181年教宗選舉">1181年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1185%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1185年教宗選舉">1185年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1187%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1187年10月教宗選舉">1187年10月</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1187%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1187年12月教宗選舉">1187年12月</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1191%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1191年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1191年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1198%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1198年教宗選舉">1198年</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">13世纪选举和秘密会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/1216%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1216年教宗選舉">1216年</a>（选举） · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1227%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1227年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1227年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1241%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1241年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1241年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1243%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1243年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1243年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1254%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1254年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1254年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1261%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1261年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1261年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1264%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31265%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1264年至1265年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1264年－1265年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1268%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31271%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1268年至1271年教宗選舉">1268年－1271年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1276%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1276年1月教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1276年1月</a>（秘密会议） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1276%E5%B9%B47%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1276年7月教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1276年7月</a>（秘密会议） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1276%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%88%E8%87%B39%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1276年8月至9月教宗选举（页面不存在）">1276年8月至9月</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1277%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1277年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1277年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1280%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31281%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1280年至1281年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1280年－1281年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1285%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1285年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1285年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1287%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31288%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1287年至1288年教宗选举（页面不存在）">1287年－1288年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1292%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31294%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1292年至1294年教宗選舉">1292年－1294年</a>（选举） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1294%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1294年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1294年</a>（秘密会议）</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">14世纪秘密会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: #FFFAFA;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1303%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1303年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1303年</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1304%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31305%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1304年至1305年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1304年－1305年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1314%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31316%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1314年至1316年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1314年－1316年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1334%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1334年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1334年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1342%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1342年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1342年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1352%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1352年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1352年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1362%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1362年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1362年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1370%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1370年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1370年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1378%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1378年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1378年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1389%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1389年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1389年</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">15世纪秘密会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1404%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1404年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1404年</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1406%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1406年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1406年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1417年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1431%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1431年教宗選舉秘密會議">1431年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1447%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1447年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1447年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1455%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1455年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1455年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1458%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1458年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1458年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1464%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1464年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1464年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1471%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1471年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1471年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1484%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1484年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1484年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1492%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1492年教宗選舉秘密會議">1492年</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">16世纪秘密会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: #FFFAFA;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1503%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1503年9月教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1503年9月</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1503%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1503年10月教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1503年10月</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1513%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1513年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1513年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1521%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31522%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1521年至1522年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1521年－1522年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1523%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1523年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1523年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1534%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1534年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1534年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1549%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31550%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1549年至1550年教宗選舉秘密會議">1549年－1550年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1555%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1555年4月教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1555年4月</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1555%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1555年5月教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1555年5月</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1559%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1559年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1559年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1565%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31566%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1565年至1566年教宗选举秘密會議（页面不存在）">1565年－1566年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1572%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1572年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1572年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1585%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1585年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1585年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1590%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1590年9月教宗选举（页面不存在）">1590年9月</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1590%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%88%E8%87%B312%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1590年10月至12月教宗选举秘密會議（页面不存在）">1590年10月至12月</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1591%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1591年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1591年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1592%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1592年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1592年</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">17世纪秘密会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/wiki/1605%E5%B9%B43%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1605年3月教宗選舉秘密會議">1605年3月</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1605%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1605年5月教宗選舉秘密會議">1605年5月</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1621%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1621年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1621年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1623%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1623年教宗選舉秘密會議">1623年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1644%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1644年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1644年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1655%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1655年教宗選舉秘密會議">1655年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1667%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1667年教宗選舉秘密會議">1667年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1669%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31670%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1669年至1670年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1669年－1670年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1676%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1676年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1676年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1689%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1689年教宗選舉秘密會議">1689年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1691%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1691年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1691年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1700%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1700年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1700年</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">18世纪秘密会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: #FFFAFA;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1721%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1721年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1721年</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1724%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1724年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1724年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1730%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1730年教宗選舉秘密會議">1730年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1740%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1740年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1740年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1758%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1758年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1758年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1769%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1769年教宗選舉秘密會議">1769年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1774%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31775%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1774年至1775年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1774年－1775年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1799%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31800%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1799年至1800年教宗选举秘密会议（页面不存在）">1799年－1800年</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">19世纪秘密会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/1823%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1823年教宗選舉秘密會議">1823年</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1829年教宗選舉秘密會議">1829年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1830%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B31831%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1830年至1831年教宗選舉秘密會議">1830年－1831年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1846%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1846年教宗選舉秘密會議">1846年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1878%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1878年教宗選舉秘密會議">1878年</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">20世纪秘密会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background: #FFFAFA;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/1903%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1903年教宗選舉秘密會議">1903年</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1914%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1914年教宗選舉秘密會議">1914年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1922年教宗選舉秘密會議">1922年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1939年教宗選舉秘密會議">1939年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1958%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1958年教宗選舉秘密會議">1958年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1963%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1963年教宗選舉秘密會議">1963年</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1978年8月教宗選舉秘密會議">1978年8月</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1978年10月教宗選舉秘密會議">1978年10月</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: gold;">21世纪秘密会议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/2005%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="2005年教宗选举秘密会议">2005年</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="2013年教宗选举秘密会议">2013年</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: gold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE" title="Category:教宗选举">分类:教宗选举年</a> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/12px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/17px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/23px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="918" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Portal:天主教">天主教主题</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="天主教会史（英语：-&#123;History_of_the_Catholic_Church&#125;-）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:天主教会史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:天主教会史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:天主教会史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="天主教会史（英语：-&#123;History_of_the_Catholic_Church&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会史（页面不存在）">天主教会史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会史（页面不存在）">綜述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="基督教历史">基督教历史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会歷史（页面不存在）">天主教会歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会年表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Catholic Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会年表（页面不存在）">天主教会年表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Catholic Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Catholic Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Papacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗歷史（页面不存在）">教宗歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Papacy" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Papacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Papacy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬教廷歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Roman Curia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬教廷歷史（页面不存在）">羅馬教廷歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Roman Curia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Roman Curia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬天主教藝術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Art in Roman Catholicism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬天主教藝術（页面不存在）">羅馬天主教藝術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_in_Roman_Catholicism" class="extiw" title="en:Art in Roman Catholicism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Art in Roman Catholicism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教会在文明中的作用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Role of the Catholic Church in civilization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教会在文明中的作用（页面不存在）">天主教会在文明中的作用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_the_Catholic_Church_in_civilization" class="extiw" title="en:Role of the Catholic Church in civilization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Role of the Catholic Church in civilization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="大公會議">大公會議</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公教大公會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catholic Ecumenical Councils"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公教大公會議（页面不存在）">公教大公會議</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Ecumenical_Councils" class="extiw" title="en:Catholic Ecumenical Councils"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catholic Ecumenical Councils</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6" title="天主教会圣统制">天主教会圣统制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道制度</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="天主教修会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious institute (Catholic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教修会（页面不存在）">天主教修会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_institute_(Catholic" class="extiw" title="en:Religious institute (Catholic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious institute (Catholic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E5%9B%BD" title="教宗国">教宗国</a>（752年－1870年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg/125px-Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg/188px-Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg/250px-Virgin_salus_populi_romani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="674" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="早期基督教">早期教会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3" title="耶稣">耶稣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教)">十二宗徒</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="彼得 (使徒)">聖伯多祿宗徒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="保罗 (使徒)">聖保祿宗徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%8D" title="司提反">聖斯德望</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0_(%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92)" title="約翰 (使徒)">聖若望宗徒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD" title="大使命">萬國福傳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="耶路撒冷會議">耶路撒冷會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="使徒時代">宗徒時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%E6%95%99%E7%88%B6" title="使徒教父">宗徒教父</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%A2%9D%E5%85%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5" title="安條克的依納爵">安條克的依納爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%BB%BB%E7%BA%BD" title="爱任纽">依勒內</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%AC%83%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="维笃一世">教宗維笃一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%9C%9F%E8%89%AF" title="特土良">特爾都良</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="君士坦丁大帝">君士坦丁大帝</a>至<br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略一世">教宗額我略一世</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="君士坦丁一世和基督教">君士坦丁一世和基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E7%83%8F%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="阿里烏教派">亞略主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%9C%A3%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="拉特朗圣若望大殿">聖若望拉特朗大殿建成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次尼西亞公會議">第一次尼西亞公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="教宗西尔维斯特一世">教宗西尔维斯特一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次君士坦丁堡公會議">第一次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%B8" title="正典">圣经正典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E6%9F%94%E7%B1%B3" title="耶柔米">哲羅姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%91%E6%9C%AC" title="武加大译本">圣经拉丁通俗譯本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%BC%97%E6%89%80%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="以弗所公會議">厄弗所公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%A2%A9%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="迦克墩公會議">迦克墩公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83" title="努西亚的本笃">努西亚的本笃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次君士坦丁堡公會議">第二次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="額我略一世">教宗額我略一世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%9C%A3%E6%AD%8C" title="额我略圣歌">額我略聖詠</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世纪前期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第三次君士坦丁堡公會議">第三次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%95%E7%88%B5" title="圣波尼法爵">圣波尼法爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%83%8F%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95_(%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="聖像破壞運動 (東羅馬帝國)">聖像破壞運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次尼西亞公會議">第二次尼西亞公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="查理大帝">查理大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="良三世">教宗良三世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第四次君士坦丁堡公會議">第四次君士坦丁堡公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A5%BF%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="東西教會大分裂">東西教會大分裂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀盛期">中世紀中期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%B4%E8%AB%BE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="烏爾巴諾二世">烏爾巴諾二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%A8%93%E4%BB%A4" title="教宗訓令">教宗訓令</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%BA%E8%8E%8E%E4%B9%8B%E8%A1%8C" title="卡诺莎之行">卡诺莎之行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由憲章" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charter of Liberties"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%AE%AA%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="自由宪章">自由憲章</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_Liberties" class="extiw" title="en:Charter of Liberties"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charter of Liberties</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="沃尔姆斯宗教协定">沃尔姆斯宗教协定</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" title="十字軍東征">十字軍東征</a>（1096年－1291年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E5%A4%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="收復失地運動">收復失地運動</a>（718年－1492年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次拉特朗公會議">第一次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第二次拉特朗公會議">第二次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第三次拉特朗公會議">第三次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="依諾增爵三世">教宗諾森三世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="拉丁帝国">拉丁帝国</a>（1204年－1261年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84" title="亞西西的方濟各">亞西西的聖方濟各</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第四次拉特朗公會議">第四次拉特朗公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="宗教裁判所">宗教裁判所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第一次里昂公會議">第一次里昂公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%87%8C%E6%98%82%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次里昂公會議">第二次里昂公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E9%90%B8" title="伯爾納鐸">明谷的聖伯爾納鐸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E9%82%A3" title="托马斯·阿奎那">托马斯·阿奎那</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F" title="中世紀後期">中世紀後期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%AB%E4%B8%96" title="博義八世">教宗博義八世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="天主教會大分裂">天主教會大分裂</a>（1378年－1417年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E8%BE%B2%E6%95%99%E5%BB%B7" title="亞維農教廷">亞維農教廷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%89%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="克勉五世">教宗克勉五世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%B4%8D%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="維埃納公會議">維埃納公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="圣殿骑士团">圣殿骑士团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B4%8D" title="聖加大利納">瑟納的聖加大利納</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">康士坦斯大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="佛羅倫斯大公會議">佛羅倫斯大公會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="亞歷山大六世">教宗亞歷山大六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="第五次拉特朗公會議">第五次拉特朗公會議</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="宗教改革">宗教改革</a><br />和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="馬丁·路德">馬丁·路德</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E6%9D%A1%E8%AE%BA%E7%BA%B2" title="九十五条论纲">九十五条论纲</a>》（1517年）</li></ul></li> <li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="博洛尼亚条约" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Concordat of Bologna"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博洛尼亚条约（页面不存在）">博洛尼亚条约</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordat_of_Bologna" class="extiw" title="en:Concordat of Bologna"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Concordat of Bologna</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%AB_(1527%E5%B9%B4)" title="羅馬之劫 (1527年)">羅馬之劫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="英格兰宗教改革">英格兰宗教改革</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·莫尔">托马斯·莫尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E8%88%8D%E7%88%BE" title="若望·費舍爾">若望·費舍爾</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" title="良十世">教宗良十世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%B5%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%80%80%E6%8B%89" title="依納爵·羅耀拉">依納爵·羅耀拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%8B%BF%E7%95%A5" title="方濟·沙勿略">方濟·沙勿略</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="解散修道院行動" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dissolution of the Monasteries"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%95%A3%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解散修道院行動（页面不存在）">解散修道院行動</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="extiw" title="en:Dissolution of the Monasteries"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dissolution of the Monasteries</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E9%A8%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="特利騰大公會議">脫利騰會議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="庇護五世">教宗庇護五世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E5%88%A9%E9%A8%B0%E5%BD%8C%E6%92%92" title="脫利騰彌撒">脫利騰彌撒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E6%88%91%E7%95%A5%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="額我略十三世">教宗額我略十三世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%86" title="公历">公历</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="天主教澳門教區">澳门教区</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="亞維拉的德蘭">亞維拉的德蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B" title="十字若望">十字若望</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斐理伯·內利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philip Neri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%90%E7%90%86%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%A7%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斐理伯·內利（页面不存在）">斐理伯·內利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Neri" class="extiw" title="en:Philip Neri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philip Neri</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E7%99%BD%E6%95%8F" title="羅伯·白敏">羅伯·白敏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="巴洛克艺术">巴洛克时期</a><br />至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="法国大革命">法国大革命</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%AB%BE%E5%A2%9E%E7%88%B5%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="依諾增爵十一世">教宗依諾增爵十一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十四世">教宗本篤十四世</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="鎮壓耶稣會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8E%AE%E5%A3%93%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鎮壓耶稣會（页面不存在）">鎮壓耶稣會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" class="extiw" title="en:Suppression of the Society of Jesus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%95%99%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反教权主义">反教权主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="庇護六世">教宗庇護六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%8E%9F%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="島原之亂">島原教案</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%89%B9%E6%95%95%E4%BB%A4" title="南特敕令">南特敕令</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E5%8E%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="法國大革命時期去基督教運動">法國大革命時期去基督教運動</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (基督教)">修道制度</a>及<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="Category:天主教修会">修会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83%E4%BC%9A" title="本笃会">本笃会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%90%95%E5%B0%BC%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="克吕尼改革">克吕尼改革</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a>（1534年－）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天主教教育（页面不存在）">教育</a>和科学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="天主教大學">教会大学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中世纪大学列表">中世纪</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a>（1534年－）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%">近代传教事业</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A" title="耶稣会">耶稣会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%8E%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%BC%9A%E5%A3%AB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="在华耶稣会士列表">在华会士</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%8B%BF%E7%95%A5" title="方濟·沙勿略">圣方济·沙勿略</a>（1506年－1552年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%9B%E7%AA%A6" title="利玛窦">利玛窦神父</a>（1552年－1610年）</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="明朝天主教">明朝</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%95%99%E4%B8%89%E6%9F%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="聖教三柱石">聖教三柱石</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%85%89%E5%90%AF" title="徐光启">徐光启</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%89" title="中国礼仪之争">中国礼仪之争</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:19世纪天主教">19世纪</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96" title="庇護七世">教宗庇護七世</a> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/1801%E5%B9%B4%E6%95%99%E5%8B%99%E5%B0%88%E7%B4%84" title="1801年教務專約">1801年教務專約</a>》</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%96" title="庇護九世">教宗庇護九世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88%E5%9B%9A%E5%BE%92" title="梵蒂冈囚徒">梵蒂冈囚徒</a>（1870年－1929年）</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国拉撒勒德村圣母显现事件" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Our Lady of La Salette"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%8B%89%E6%92%92%E5%8B%92%E5%BE%B7%E6%9D%91%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%98%BE%E7%8E%B0%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国拉撒勒德村圣母显现事件（页面不存在）">法国拉撒勒德村圣母显现事件</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" class="extiw" title="en:Our Lady of La Salette"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Our Lady of La Salette</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1846年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%97%A0%E6%9F%93%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="圣母无染原罪">确立“圣母无染原罪”信理</a>（1854年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B2%E5%BE%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="露德聖母">法国露德圣母显现事件</a>（1858年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第一屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第一屆大公會議</a>（1869年－1870年） <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教宗无误权柄" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infallibility of the Church"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%97%A0%E8%AF%AF%E6%9D%83%E6%9F%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教宗无误权柄（页面不存在）">确立“教宗无误权柄”信理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" class="extiw" title="en:Infallibility of the Church"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infallibility of the Church</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="良十三世">教宗良十三世</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奉献于耶稣圣心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%89%E7%8C%AE%E4%BA%8E%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奉献于耶稣圣心（页面不存在）">奉献于耶稣圣心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="extiw" title="en:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣心玛利修女" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mary of the Divine Heart"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣心玛利修女（页面不存在）">圣心玛利修女</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" class="extiw" title="en:Mary of the Divine Heart"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mary of the Divine Heart</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%8B" title="新事">新事</a>》通谕（1891年）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:20世纪天主教">20世纪</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十世">教宗庇护十世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%B0%E7%91%AA%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D" title="花地瑪聖母">葡萄牙法蒂玛圣母显现事件</a>（1917年） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%91%AA%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%89%E5%80%8B%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86" title="法蒂瑪的三個秘密">三个秘密</a></li></ul></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="拉特朗条约">拉特朗条约</a>》 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈城国成立</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="救主慈悲敬禮" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%85%88%E6%82%B2%E6%95%AC%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="救主慈悲敬禮（页面不存在）">救主慈悲敬禮</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Mercy_(Catholic_devotion)" class="extiw" title="en:Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Divine Mercy (Catholic devotion)</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%82%85%E5%A4%A9%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="玛利亚·傅天娜·克瓦尔斯卡">傅天娜修女</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十二世">教宗庇護十二世</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="对天主教会的迫害与庇护十二世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3%E4%B8%8E%E5%BA%87%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="对天主教会的迫害与庇护十二世（页面不存在）">对天主教会的迫害与庇护十二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_Pius_XII" class="extiw" title="en:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奉献于圣母无玷圣心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%89%E7%8C%AE%E4%BA%8E%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%97%A0%E7%8E%B7%E5%9C%A3%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奉献于圣母无玷圣心（页面不存在）">奉献于圣母无玷圣心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_Consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" class="extiw" title="en:Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1942年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9" title="圣母升天">确立“圣母升天”信理</a>（1950年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="若望二十三世">教宗若望二十三世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E9%80%9A%E8%AB%AD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="教宗若望二十三世通諭列表">通谕</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議">梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議</a>（1962年－1965年） <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%B4%90%E6%9B%BC" title="若望·亨利·紐曼">紐曼枢机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%98%86" title="汉斯·昆">孔汉思神父</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="解放神學">解放神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="保祿六世">教宗保禄六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="若望保禄一世">教宗若望保禄一世猝死</a>（1978年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望保祿二世">教宗若望保禄二世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5" title="世界青年日">世界青年日創立</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:21%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:21世纪天主教">21世纪</a>以來</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B" title="天主教會性侵害案例">性侵害案例</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國天主教會性侵害案例（页面不存在）">美國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="本篤十六世">教宗本笃十六世</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%9C%AC%E7%AF%A4%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%E8%BE%AD%E8%81%B7" title="教宗本篤十六世辭職">2013年辭職</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%84_(%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97)" title="方濟各 (教宗)">教宗方济各</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E8%88%87%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96%E5%B0%81%E8%81%96" title="教宗若望二十三世與教宗若望保祿二世封聖">教宗若望二十三世與教宗若望保祿二世封聖</a>（2014年）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%AC%83%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%BB" title="本笃十六世之死">本笃十六世之死</a>（2022年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiducia_supplicans" title="Fiducia supplicans">祈求信任宣言</a>（2023年）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Category:各地天主教">各地天主教史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="中国天主教">中國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国天主教教区列表">教區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="四川天主教">四川</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="河北天主教">河北</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="法国天主教">法国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="法国天主教教区列表">教區</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="德国天主教">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="爱尔兰天主教">爱尔兰</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E5%AC%B0%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6%E9%86%9C%E8%81%9E" title="母嬰之家醜聞">母嬰之家醜聞</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="意大利天主教">義大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="日本天主教">日本</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本天主教教区列表">教區</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="朝鮮半島天主教">韓國</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="墨西哥天主教（页面不存在）">墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="西班牙天主教">西班牙</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="西班牙天主教教区列表">教區</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="台灣天主教">台灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国天主教教区列表">美国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="美国天主教教区列表">教區</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;;width:1%">相关主题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="Portal:基督教">基督教主题</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Saints" class="extiw" title="en:Portal:Saints">圣人主题</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="Portal:天主教">天主教主题</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Popes" class="extiw" title="en:Portal:Popes">教宗主题</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fiducia_supplicans" title="Fiducia supplicans">Fiducia supplicans</a></b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color: gold;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/25px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/38px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, 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