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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattium" title="Chattium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chattium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="الخاتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخاتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatianu" title="Chatianu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chatianu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatij" title="Hatij – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hatij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cati%C3%A0" title="Catià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattium" title="Chattium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chattium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattiense" title="Chattiense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chattiense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattiar" title="Chattiar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Chattiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="چاتین (زمین‌شناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چاتین (زمین‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattien" title="Chattien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chattien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattium" title="Chattium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chattium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattiano" title="Chattiano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chattiano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattien" title="Chattien – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chattien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="チャッティアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャッティアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattium" title="Chattium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Chattium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattium" title="Chattium – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chattium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szat" title="Szat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catiano" title="Catiano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catiano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat_(geologija)" title="Hat (geologija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hat (geologija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Хаттський ярус – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хаттський ярус" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7ng_Chatti" title="Tầng Chatti – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tầng Chatti" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%B0%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%9F" title="恰特期 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恰特期" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattian&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Chattian&id=1258214992&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChattian"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FChattian"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Late_Oligocene&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Oligocene">Late Oligocene</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Second age of the Oligocene Epoch</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;background:rgb(254,230,170);">Chattian</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">27.82 – 23.03 <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:210.584px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="font-size:14px"><table id="Container" role="presentation" class="toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:none;margin:auto;overflow:hidden;min-width:23.65em"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td id="Scale" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;width:4.2em;position:relative;float:left;font-size:100%;height:32em;border-right:1px solid #242020"><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:29.56em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−65 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:27.91em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:26.25em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−60 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:24.60em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:22.94em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−55 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:21.29em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:19.63em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−50 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:17.98em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:16.32em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−45 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:14.67em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:13.01em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−40 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:11.36em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:9.70em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−35 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:8.05em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:6.39em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−30 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:4.74em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:3.08em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−25 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:1.43em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div></td><td id="Timeline" class="toccolours notheme" style="padding:0px;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;position:relative;font-size:100%;width:7.5em;height:32em;float:left;border:none;background-color:#000000"><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(103,197,202);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:1.778em;left:0.000em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:10px;display:block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">M<br />Z</a></b></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(242,249,29);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:30.222em;left:0.000em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-15.111em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:16px;display:block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">C<br />e<br />n<br />o<br />z<br />o<br />i<br />c</a></b></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(127,198,78);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:1.778em;left:0.900em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,154,82);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:28.344em;left:0.900em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-14.172em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:16px;display:block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">P<br />a<br />l<br />e<br />o<br />g<br />e<br />n<br />e</a></b></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,230,25);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.778em;left:0.900em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><b><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></b></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(166,216,74);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:1.778em;left:1.800em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous"><span style="line-height:11px;display:block;">L<br />K</span></a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,167,95);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:23.602em;height:6.520em;left:1.800em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.260em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:9px;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">P<br />a<br />l<br />e<br />o<br />c<br />e<br />n<br />e</a><br /><br /></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,180,108);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:8.973em;height:14.629em;left:1.800em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-7.315em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:14px;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">E<br />o<br />c<br />e<br />n<br />e</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(254,192,122);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:7.095em;left:1.800em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.548em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:10px;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">O<br />l<br />i<br />g<br />o<br />c<br />e<br />n<br />e</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,0);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.778em;left:1.800em;width:0.825em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene"><span style="line-height:11px;display:block;">M<br />C</span></a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(242,250,140);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:1.778em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Maastrichtian" title="Maastrichtian"><span style="font-size:90%">Maastricht.</span></a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,180,98);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:27.309em;height:2.813em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.406em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Danian" title="Danian">Danian</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(254,191,101);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:25.721em;height:1.589em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.794em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Selandian" title="Selandian">Selandian</a><br /></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,191,111);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:23.602em;height:2.018em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.009em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Thanetian" title="Thanetian">Thanetian</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(252,167,115);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:18.175em;height:5.428em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.714em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Ypresian" title="Ypresian">Ypresian</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,180,130);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:13.872em;height:4.203em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.101em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Lutetian" title="Lutetian">Lutetian</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,192,145);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:11.687em;height:2.184em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.092em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Bartonian" title="Bartonian">Bartonian</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,205,161);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:8.973em;height:2.714em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.357em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Priabonian" title="Priabonian">Priabonian</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(254,217,154);border-width:0.05em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:5.134em;height:3.739em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.870em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Rupelian" title="Rupelian">Rupelian</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(254,230,170);border-width:0em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:3.356em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.678em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="font-size:90%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chattian</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(255,255,51);border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.778em;left:2.700em;width:4.800em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.889em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_(stage)" title="Aquitanian (stage)"><span style="font-size:90%">Aquitanian</span></a></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:32.000em;left:7.425em;width:0.075em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-16.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:30.222em;height:0.033em;left:0.000em;width:7.500em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.017em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:11.555em;height:0.066em;left:2.625em;width:4.875em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.033em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.778em;height:0.033em;left:0.825em;width:6.675em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.017em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></td><td id="Annotations" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;float:left;position:relative;width:10.25em;height:32em"><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:23.602em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Paleocene%E2%80%93Eocene_Thermal_Maximum" title="Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum">PETM</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:8.973em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="line-height:10px; display:block;">First Antarctic <a href="/wiki/Ice-sheet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice-sheet">permanent ice-sheets</a><sup id="cite_ref-Zachos2k5_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zachos2k5-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:30.090em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><span style="line-height:10px;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event" title="Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event">K-Pg mass<br />extinction</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto;float:left;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:20.5em"><b>Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">ICS</a>, as of 2021.</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Formerly part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a> <a href="/wiki/Geological_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological period">Period</a>/<a href="/wiki/System_(stratigraphy)" title="System (stratigraphy)">System</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Etymology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Name formality</th><td class="infobox-data">Formal</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Usage information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Celestial body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Geological history of Earth">Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Regional usage</th><td class="infobox-data">Global (<a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">ICS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Time scale(s) used</th><td class="infobox-data">ICS Time Scale</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Definition</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Chronological unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Age_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age (geology)">Age</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Stratigraphic unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stage_(stratigraphy)" title="Stage (stratigraphy)">Stage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Time span formality</th><td class="infobox-data">Formal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower boundary definition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Last_appearance_datum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Last appearance datum (page does not exist)">LAD</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Planktonic Foraminifer</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiloguembelina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiloguembelina (page does not exist)">Chiloguembelina</a> (Base of Foram Zone P21b)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower boundary GSSP</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Cagnero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Cagnero (page does not exist)">Monte Cagnero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apennines" class="mw-redirect" title="Apennines">Central Apennines</a>, Italy<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chattian&params=43.6466_N_12.4677_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°38′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°28′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.6466°N 12.4677°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.6466; 12.4677</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower GSSP ratified</th><td class="infobox-data">September 2016<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper boundary definition</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Base of magnetic polarity <a href="/wiki/Chronozone" title="Chronozone">chronozone</a> C6Cn.2n.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_appearance_datum" title="First appearance datum">FAD</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Planktonic Foraminiferan</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paragloborotalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paragloborotalia (page does not exist)">Paragloborotalia kugleri</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper boundary GSSP</th><td class="infobox-data">Lemme-Carrosio Section, <a href="/wiki/Carrosio" title="Carrosio">Carrosio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chattian&params=44.6589_N_8.8364_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°39′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°50′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.6589°N 8.8364°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.6589; 8.8364</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper GSSP ratified</th><td class="infobox-data">1996<sup id="cite_ref-Steininger_1997_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steininger_1997-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Chattian</b> is, in the <a href="/wiki/Geologic_timescale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic timescale">geologic timescale</a>, the younger of two <a href="/wiki/Age_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Age (geology)">ages</a> or upper of two <a href="/wiki/Stage_(stratigraphy)" title="Stage (stratigraphy)">stages</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (geology)">Epoch</a>/<a href="/wiki/Series_(stratigraphy)" title="Series (stratigraphy)">Series</a>. It spans the time between <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=27.82">27.82</a> and</span> <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=23.03">23.03</a> Ma</span>. The Chattian is preceded by the <a href="/wiki/Rupelian" title="Rupelian">Rupelian</a> and is followed by the <a href="/wiki/Aquitanian_(stage)" title="Aquitanian (stage)">Aquitanian</a> (the lowest stage of the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stratigraphic_definition">Stratigraphic definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Stratigraphic definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chattian was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> palaeontologist <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fuchs" title="Theodor Fuchs">Theodor Fuchs</a> in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fuchs named the stage after the <a href="/wiki/Chatti" title="Chatti">Chatti</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-berry_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berry-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original <a href="/wiki/Type_locality_(geology)" title="Type locality (geology)">type locality</a> was near the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>. </p><p>The base of the Chattian is at the <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Foram" class="mw-redirect" title="Foram">foram</a> <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <i>Chiloguembelina</i> (which is also the base of <a href="/wiki/Foram" class="mw-redirect" title="Foram">foram</a> <a href="/wiki/Biozone" title="Biozone">biozone</a> P21b). An official <a href="/wiki/GSSP" class="mw-redirect" title="GSSP">GSSP</a> for the Chattian Stage was ratified in October of 2016. </p><p>The top of the Chattian Stage (which is the base of the Aquitanian Stage, Miocene Series and <a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene</a> <a href="/wiki/System_(stratigraphy)" title="System (stratigraphy)">System</a>) is at the first appearance of <a href="/wiki/Foram" class="mw-redirect" title="Foram">foram</a> species <i>Paragloborotalia kugleri</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a> of calcareous <a href="/wiki/Plankton#Size_groups" title="Plankton">nanoplankton</a> species <i>Reticulofenestra bisecta</i> (which forms the base of nanoplankton <a href="/wiki/Biozone" title="Biozone">biozone</a> NN1), and the base of <a href="/wiki/Magnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic">magnetic</a> C6Cn.2n. </p><p>The Chattian is coeval with regionally used stages or zones such as the upper Avernian <a href="/wiki/European_Land_Mammal_Mega_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="European Land Mammal Mega Zone">European mammal zone</a> (it spans the <a href="/wiki/Mammal_Paleogene_zones" title="Mammal Paleogene zones">Mammal Paleogene zones</a> 30 through 26 and part of 25<sup id="cite_ref-MP_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>); the upper <a href="/wiki/Geringian" title="Geringian">Geringian</a> and lower <a href="/wiki/Arikareean" title="Arikareean">Arikareean</a> <a href="/wiki/NALMA" class="mw-redirect" title="NALMA">mammal zones</a> of North America; most of the <a href="/wiki/Deseadan" title="Deseadan">Deseadan</a> <a href="/wiki/SALMA" class="mw-redirect" title="SALMA">mammal zone</a> of South America; the upper Hsandgolian and whole <a href="/wiki/Tabenbulakian" title="Tabenbulakian">Tabenbulakian</a> <a href="/wiki/Asian_Land_Mammal_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Land Mammal Age">mammal zone</a> of Asia; the upper Kiscellian and lower Egerian <a href="/wiki/Paratethys" title="Paratethys">Paratethys</a> stages of Central and eastern Europe; the upper Janjukian and lower Longfordian Australian regional stages; the Otaian, Waitakian, and Duntroonian stages of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_geologic_time_scale" title="New Zealand geologic time scale">New Zealand geologic time scale</a>; and part of the Zemorrian Californian stage and Chickasawhayan regional stage of the eastern US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Volcanic_event">Volcanic event</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Volcanic event"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Chattian the largest known single-event <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic eruption">volcanic eruption</a> occurred: the <a href="/wiki/Fish_Canyon_Tuff" title="Fish Canyon Tuff">Fish Canyon eruption</a> of <a href="/wiki/La_Garita_Caldera" title="La Garita Caldera">La Garita</a> with a magnitude of 9.2 and <a href="/wiki/VEI" class="mw-redirect" title="VEI">VEI</a> of 8.<sup id="cite_ref-Mason2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been dated to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7014868149576000000♠"></span>27.51 Ma</span> ago.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Zachos2k5-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zachos2k5_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZachos,_J._C.Kump,_L._R.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". <i>Global and Planetary Change</i>. <b>47</b> (1): 51–66. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005GPC....47...51Z">2005GPC....47...51Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gloplacha.2005.01.001">10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+and+Planetary+Change&rft.atitle=Carbon+cycle+feedbacks+and+the+initiation+of+Antarctic+glaciation+in+the+earliest+Oligocene&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=51-66&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.gloplacha.2005.01.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005GPC....47...51Z&rft.au=Zachos%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Kump%2C+L.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChattian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2020-01.pdf">"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Commission on Stratigraphy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Chronostratigraphic+Chart&rft.pub=International+Commission+on+Stratigraphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstratigraphy.org%2FICSchart%2FChronostratChart2020-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChattian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoccioniMontanariNiceBrinkhuis2018" class="citation journal cs1">Coccioni, Rodolfo; Montanari, Alessandro; Nice, David; Brinkhuis, Henk; Deino, Alain; Frontalini, Fabrizio; Liter, Fabrizio; Maiorano, Patricia; Monechi, Simonetta; Prods, Jörg; Rochette, Pierre; Sagnotti, Leonardo; Sideri, Marianna; Sprovieri, Mario; Tateo, Fabio; Touchard, Yannick; Can Simaeys, Stefaan; Williams, Graham L. (1 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2018%2Fv41i1%2F018003">"The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Chattian stage (Paleogene System, Oligocene Series) at Monte Cagnero, Italy"</a>. <i>Episodes</i>. <b>41</b> (1): 17–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2018%2Fv41i1%2F018003">10.18814/epiiugs/2018/v41i1/018003</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11573%2F1611823">11573/1611823</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episodes&rft.atitle=The+Global+Stratotype+Section+and+Point+%28GSSP%29+for+the+base+of+the+Chattian+stage+%28Paleogene+System%2C+Oligocene+Series%29+at+Monte+Cagnero%2C+Italy&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-32&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11573%2F1611823&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2018%2Fv41i1%2F018003&rft.aulast=Coccioni&rft.aufirst=Rodolfo&rft.au=Montanari%2C+Alessandro&rft.au=Nice%2C+David&rft.au=Brinkhuis%2C+Henk&rft.au=Deino%2C+Alain&rft.au=Frontalini%2C+Fabrizio&rft.au=Liter%2C+Fabrizio&rft.au=Maiorano%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Monechi%2C+Simonetta&rft.au=Prods%2C+J%C3%B6rg&rft.au=Rochette%2C+Pierre&rft.au=Sagnotti%2C+Leonardo&rft.au=Sideri%2C+Marianna&rft.au=Sprovieri%2C+Mario&rft.au=Tateo%2C+Fabio&rft.au=Touchard%2C+Yannick&rft.au=Can+Simaeys%2C+Stefaan&rft.au=Williams%2C+Graham+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.18814%252Fepiiugs%252F2018%252Fv41i1%252F018003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChattian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steininger_1997-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steininger_1997_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteiningerM._P._AubryW._A._BerggrenM._Biolzi1997" class="citation journal cs1">Steininger, Fritz F.; M. P. Aubry; W. A. Berggren; M. Biolzi; A. M. Borsetti; Julie E. Cartlidge; F. Cati; R. Corfield; R. Gelati; S. Iaccarino; C. Napoleone; F. Ottner; F. Rögl; R. Roetzel; S. Spezzaferri; F. Tateo; G. Villa; D. Zevenboom (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/GSSP/file9.pdf">"The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Neogene"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Episodes</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 23–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F1997%2Fv20i1%2F005">10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i1/005</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episodes&rft.atitle=The+Global+Stratotype+Section+and+Point+%28GSSP%29+for+the+base+of+the+Neogene&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-28&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F1997%2Fv20i1%2F005&rft.aulast=Steininger&rft.aufirst=Fritz+F.&rft.au=M.+P.+Aubry&rft.au=W.+A.+Berggren&rft.au=M.+Biolzi&rft.au=A.+M.+Borsetti&rft.au=Julie+E.+Cartlidge&rft.au=F.+Cati&rft.au=R.+Corfield&rft.au=R.+Gelati&rft.au=S.+Iaccarino&rft.au=C.+Napoleone&rft.au=F.+Ottner&rft.au=F.+R%C3%B6gl&rft.au=R.+Roetzel&rft.au=S.+Spezzaferri&rft.au=F.+Tateo&rft.au=G.+Villa&rft.au=D.+Zevenboom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratigraphy.org%2FGSSP%2Ffile9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChattian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale">"International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Commission+on+Stratigraphy+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratigraphy.org%2Findex.php%2Fics-chart-timescale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChattian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harland, Brian et al. <i>A Geological Time Scale 1989</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1982. pp 64. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-38361-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-38361-7">0-521-38361-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berry-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-berry_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry, Edward W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/6334">"The Mayence Basin, a Chapter of Geologic History"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scientific_Monthly" title="The Scientific Monthly">The Scientific Monthly</a></i>, Vol. 16, No. 2, February 1923. pp. 114. Retrieved March 18, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MP-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MP_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlroy" class="citation web cs1">Alroy, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=processViewScale&scale_no=125">"Mammal Paleogene zones"</a>. p. The Paleobiology Database<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mammal+Paleogene+zones&rft.pages=The+Paleobiology+Database&rft.aulast=Alroy&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaleodb.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fbridge.pl%3Faction%3DprocessViewScale%26scale_no%3D125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChattian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason2004-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mason2004_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason <i>et al.</i> (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lanphere & Baadsgaard (2001)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikisource has original works on the topic: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Cenozoic#Paleogene" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Cenozoic">Cenozoic#Paleogene</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps">Fuchs, T.</span>; <b>1894</b>: <i>Tertiaerfossilien aus den kohlenführenden Miocaenablagerungen der Umgebung von Krapina und Radaboj und über die Stellung der sogenannten "Aquitanischen Stufe"</i>, Königlich- Ungarische Geologische Anstalt, Mittheilungen und Jahrbuch <b>10</b>, p. 163-175. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.</span>; <b>2004</b>: <i>A Geologic Time Scale 2004</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">Lanphere, M.A. & Baadsgaard, H.</span>; <b>2001</b>: <i>Precise K–Ar, <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar, Rb–Sr and U/Pb mineral ages from the 27.5 Ma Fish Canyon Tuff reference standard</i>, Chemical Geology <b>175</b>(3–4), pp 653–671.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r920966791"><span class="smallcaps">Mason, B.G.; Pyle, D.M. & Oppenheimer, C.</span>; <b>2004</b>: <i>The size and frequency of the largest explosive eruptions on Earth</i>, Bulletin of Volcanology <b>66</b>(8), pp 735–748.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100822030348/http://www.stratigraphy.org/bak/geowhen/stages/Chattian.html">Stratigraphy.org: GeoWhen Database for Chattian Age</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stratigraphy.science.purdue.edu/charts/Timeslices/1_Neogene.pdf">Purdue.edu: ICS subcommission for stratigraphic information − Neogene timescale (including the upper Paleogene)</a> — <i>by subcommission of International Commission on Stratigraphy− ICS</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060518100342/http://norges.uio.no/timescale/Fig19.1_Pal_bio_colA.pdf">NorgesNetwork.no: Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene Period</a> — <i>Norwegian records of offshore geology and stratigraphy</i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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history of Earth">Geological history of Earth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(present–66.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary <span class="nobold">(present–2.58 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene (present–11.7 ka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene <span class="nobold">(2.58–23.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene <span class="nobold">(23.0–66.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(66.0–252 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous <span class="nobold">(66.0–145 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late (66.0–100 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early (100–145 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic <span class="nobold">(145–201 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late (145–164 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle (164–174 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Jurassic" title="Early Jurassic">Early (174–201 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic <span class="nobold">(201–252 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late (201–237 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Triassic" title="Middle Triassic">Middle (237–247 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Triassic" title="Early Triassic">Early (247–252 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(252–539 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian <span class="nobold">(252–299 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lopingian" title="Lopingian">Lopingian (252–260 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupian" title="Guadalupian">Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisuralian" title="Cisuralian">Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous <span class="nobold">(299–359 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)" title="Pennsylvanian (geology)">Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_(geology)" title="Mississippian (geology)">Mississippian (323–359 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian <span class="nobold">(359–419 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Devonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Devonian">Late (359–383 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Devonian" title="Middle Devonian">Middle (383–393 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Devonian" title="Early Devonian">Early (393–419 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian <span class="nobold">(419–444 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pridoli_Epoch" title="Pridoli Epoch">Pridoli (419–423 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Epoch" title="Ludlow Epoch">Ludlow (423–427 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenlock_Epoch" title="Wenlock Epoch">Wenlock (427–433 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandovery_Epoch" title="Llandovery Epoch">Llandovery (433–444 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician <span class="nobold">(444–485 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ordovician" title="Late Ordovician">Late (444–458 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ordovician" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ordovician">Middle (458–470 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Ordovician" title="Early Ordovician">Early (470–485 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian <span class="nobold">(485–539 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furongian" title="Furongian">Furongian (485–497 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaolingian" title="Miaolingian">Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrian_Series_2" title="Cambrian Series 2">Series 2 (509–521 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terreneuvian" title="Terreneuvian">Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic Eon<br /><span class="nobold">(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(539 Ma–1 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ediacaran" title="Ediacaran">Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonian" title="Tonian">Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoic" title="Mesoproterozoic">Mesoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(1–1.6 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stenian" title="Stenian">Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectasian" title="Ectasian">Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calymmian" title="Calymmian">Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(1.6–2.5 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statherian" title="Statherian">Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosirian" title="Orosirian">Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyacian" title="Rhyacian">Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siderian" title="Siderian">Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean Eon <span class="nobold">(2.5–4 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoarchean" title="Neoarchean">Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoarchean" title="Mesoarchean">Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoarchean" title="Paleoarchean">Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoarchean" title="Eoarchean">Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean">Hadean Eon <span class="nobold">(4–4.6 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">ka</a> = kiloannum (thousand years ago); <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ma</a> = megaannum (million years ago); <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ga</a> = gigaannum (billion years ago).<br /> <i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geologic time scale</a>  •  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Geology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/16px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/24px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/32px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="328" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geology" title="Portal:Geology">Geology portal</a>  •  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chattian&oldid=1258214992">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chattian&oldid=1258214992</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chattian" title="Category:Chattian">Chattian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oligocene_geochronology" title="Category:Oligocene geochronology">Oligocene geochronology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chattian_first_appearances" title="Category:Chattian first appearances">Chattian first appearances</a></li><li><a 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