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<span>Life forms</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Life_forms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Life forms subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Life_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Emergence of life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planetary_environment_and_the_oxygen_catastrophe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planetary_environment_and_the_oxygen_catastrophe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Planetary environment and the oxygen catastrophe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planetary_environment_and_the_oxygen_catastrophe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precambrian_supercontinents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precambrian_supercontinents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Precambrian supercontinents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precambrian_supercontinents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Precambrian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrium" title="Prekambrium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Prekambrium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ما قبل الكمبري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ما قبل الكمبري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrianu" title="Precambrianu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Precambrianu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembrid%C9%99n_%C9%99vv%C9%99l" title="Kembridən əvvəl – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kembridən əvvəl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D-%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রাক্-ক্যাম্ব্রিয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাক্-ক্যাম্ব্রিয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakambrium" title="Prakambrium – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Prakambrium" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sian-Cambria_s%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="Sian-Cambria sî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sian-Cambria sî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Дакембрый – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дакембрый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="प्रीकैंब्रियन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्रीकैंब्रियन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Докамбрий – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Докамбрий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrij" title="Prekambrij – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prekambrij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambri%C3%A0" title="Precambrià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Precambrià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrium" title="Prekambrium – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prekambrium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyn-Gambriaidd" title="Cyn-Gambriaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyn-Gambriaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A6kambrium" title="Prækambrium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Prækambrium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4kambrium" title="Präkambrium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Präkambrium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eelkambrium" title="Eelkambrium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eelkambrium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Προκάμβριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προκάμβριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prec%C3%A1mbrico" title="Precámbrico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Precámbrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anta%C5%ADkambrio" title="Antaŭkambrio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antaŭkambrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbriarraurre" title="Kanbriarraurre – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kanbriarraurre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پرکامبرین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرکامبرین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cambrien" title="Précambrien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Précambrien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9amh-Chaimbriach" title="Réamh-Chaimbriach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réamh-Chaimbriach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prec%C3%A1mbrico" title="Precámbrico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Precámbrico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EC%BA%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="선캄브리아 시대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선캄브리아 시대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B9%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մինչքեմբրի ժամանակաշրջան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մինչքեմբրի ժամանակաշրջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="कैंब्रियनपूर्व – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैंब्रियनपूर्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrij" title="Prekambrij – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prekambrij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakambrium" title="Prakambrium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prakambrium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forkambr%C3%ADum" title="Forkambríum – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forkambríum" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambriano" title="Precambriano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Precambriano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פרקמבריון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרקמבריון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakambriyum" title="Prakambriyum – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Prakambriyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97" title="ಆರ್ಷೇಯ ಯುಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಷೇಯ ಯುಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Прекембрий – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Прекембрий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdikambruk" title="Abdikambruk – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Abdikambruk" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Кембрийге чейинки мезгил – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кембрийге чейинки мезгил" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praecambrium" title="Praecambrium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Praecambrium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmskembrijs" title="Pirmskembrijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pirmskembrijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambras" title="Prekambras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prekambras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrium" title="Prekambrium – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Prekambrium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakambrium" title="Prakambrium – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Prakambrium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrium" title="Precambrium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Precambrium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97" title="त्रिखण्ड पूर्वयुग – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="त्रिखण्ड पूर्वयुग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%88%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="先カンブリア時代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="先カンブリア時代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrium" title="Prekambrium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Prekambrium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrium" title="Prekambrium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Prekambrium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Precambrian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durleetoo" title="Durleetoo – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Durleetoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokembriy" title="Tokembriy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tokembriy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Precambrian" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4kambrium" title="Präkambrium – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Präkambrium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambr" title="Prekambr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prekambr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9-Cambriano" title="Pré-Cambriano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pré-Cambriano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Precambrian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Докембрий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Докембрий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koha_Prekambriane" title="Koha Prekambriane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Koha Prekambriane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="Precambrian" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Precambrian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predkambrium" title="Predkambrium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Predkambrium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predkambrij" title="Predkambrij – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predkambrij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambriyaan_ka_hor" title="Kambriyaan ka hor – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kambriyaan ka hor" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrijum" title="Prekambrijum – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Prekambrijum" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrij" title="Prekambrij – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prekambrij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakambrium" title="Prakambrium – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Prakambrium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambri" title="Prekambri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Prekambri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambrium" title="Prekambrium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Prekambrium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambriyano" title="Prekambriyano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Prekambriyano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="พรีแคมเบรียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พรีแคมเบรียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekambriyen" title="Prekambriyen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Prekambriyen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Докембрій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Докембрій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="قبل کیمبری دور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قبل کیمبری دور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_Ti%E1%BB%81n_Cambri" title="Thời kỳ Tiền Cambri – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời kỳ Tiền Cambri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%B4%80" title="前寒武紀 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="前寒武紀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Precambrian" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA" title="前寒武纪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="前寒武纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cgb%C3%A0_iw%C3%A1j%C3%BA_K%C3%A1mbr%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Ìgbà iwájú Kámbríà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìgbà iwájú Kámbríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%B4%80" title="前寒武紀 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="前寒武紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA" title="前寒武纪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="前寒武纪" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">History of Earth 4600–539 million years ago</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the album by German band The Ocean, see <a href="/wiki/Precambrian_(album)" title="Precambrian (album)"><i>Precambrian</i> (album)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cryptozoic" redirects here. For the games publisher, see <a href="/wiki/Cryptozoic_Entertainment" title="Cryptozoic Entertainment">Cryptozoic Entertainment</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;background:rgb(247,67,112);"><i>Precambrian</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">4567.3 ± 0.16 – 538.8 ± 0.2 <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:250px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; font-size:small; position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,192,141); left:220.50773980251px; width:15.703916975018px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,197,202); left:236.21165677753px; width:10.175705559083px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(242,249,29); left:246.38736233661px; width:3.6126376633897px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(154,217,221); left:220.50773980251px; width:29.492260197491px;"><a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic"><span style="color:black;">Pha.</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,67,112); left:113.15766426554px; width:49.263240864406px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,180,98); left:162.42090512995px; width:32.84216057627px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,179,66); left:195.26306570622px; width:25.244674096293px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,53,99); left:113.15766426554px; width:107.35007553697px;"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic"><span style="color:black;">Proterozoic</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(218,3,127); left:29.355417861756px; width:23.591618680621px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(244,68,159); left:52.947036542377px; width:21.894773717514px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,104,169); left:74.841810259891px; width:21.894773717514px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(249,155,193); left:96.736583977405px; width:16.421080288135px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,4,127); left:29.355417861756px; width:83.802246403783px;"><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean"><span style="color:black;">Archean</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(174,2,126); left:0px; width:29.355417861756px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(174,2,126); left:0px; width:29.355417861756px;"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean"><span style="color:white;">Had.</span></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:249px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:250px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:0px; width:220.50773980251px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:0px; width:220.50773980251px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:1px; width:218.50773980251px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="font-size:14px"><table id="Container" role="presentation" class="toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:none;margin:auto;overflow:hidden;min-width:13.9em"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td id="Scale" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;width:4.2em;position:relative;float:left;font-size:100%;height:25em;border-right:1px solid #242020"><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:24.63em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−4500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:23.95em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:23.26em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:22.58em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:21.89em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−4000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:21.21em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:20.53em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:19.84em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:19.16em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−3500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:18.47em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:17.79em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:17.11em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:16.42em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−3000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:15.74em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:15.05em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:14.37em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:13.68em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:13.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:12.32em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:11.63em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:10.95em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:10.26em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:9.58em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:8.89em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:8.21em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:7.53em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:6.84em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:6.16em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:5.47em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:4.79em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:4.11em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:3.42em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:2.74em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:2.05em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:1.37em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:0.68em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:0.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">0 —</span></div></td><td id="Timeline" class="toccolours notheme" style="padding:0px;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;position:relative;font-size:100%;width:8em;height:25em;float:left;border:none;background-color:#000000"><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(247,67,112);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:2.949em;height:21.971em;left:0.000em;width:0.960em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:110%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-10.985em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block;line-height:75%;writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:white">Precambrian</span></a></i></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(174,2,126);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:22.064em;height:2.856em;left:1.040em;width:6.960em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:110%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.428em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean"><span style="color:white">Hadean</span></a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(190,0,93);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:13.684em;height:8.300em;left:1.040em;width:1.040em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:110%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-4.150em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block;line-height:85%;writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean"><span style="color:white">Archean</span></a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(247,53,99);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:2.949em;height:10.655em;left:1.040em;width:1.040em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:110%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-5.328em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block;line-height:85%;writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic"><span style="color:white">Proterozoic</span></a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(154,217,221);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:2.869em;left:0.000em;width:2.080em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.435em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block;line-height:85%;writing-mode:vertical-rl;"><a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic">Phaner<br />ozoic</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(178,0,94);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:19.705em;height:2.279em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.140em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Eoarchean" title="Eoarchean"><span style="color:white;">Eoarchean</span></a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(190,68,113);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:17.516em;height:2.109em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.055em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Paleoarchean" title="Paleoarchean"><span style="color:white;">Paleoarchean</span></a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(247,104,169);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:15.326em;height:2.109em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.055em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Mesoarchean" title="Mesoarchean"><span style="color:white;">Mesoarchean</span></a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(249,155,193);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:13.684em;height:1.562em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.781em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Neoarchean" title="Neoarchean">Neoarchean</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(247,67,112);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:8.758em;height:4.846em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.423em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic"><span style="color:white;">Paleoproterozoic</span></a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(253,180,98);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:5.474em;height:3.204em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.602em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoic" title="Mesoproterozoic">Mesoproterozoic</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(254,179,66);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:2.949em;height:2.444em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.222em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(153,192,141);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.379em;height:1.490em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.745em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(103,197,202);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.361em;height:0.938em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.469em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:85%;display:block;"><a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:rgb(242,249,29);border-width:0.04em;border-style:solid none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:0.281em;left:2.160em;width:5.840em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.141em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="line-height:80%;display:block;font-size:85%"><a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a></span></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#000000;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:25.000em;left:7.920em;width:0.080em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-12.500em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto;float:left;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:12.75em">(in <a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">millions of years</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Proposed subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>See <a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale#Proposed_Precambrian_timeline" title="Geologic time scale">Proposed Precambrian timeline</a></b><br /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Etymology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Synonym(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Cryptozoic</b><br /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Usage information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Celestial body</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_Earth" title="Geological history of Earth">Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Regional usage</th><td class="infobox-data">Global (<a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">ICS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Time scale(s) used</th><td class="infobox-data">ICS Time Scale</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ededed;">Definition</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Chronological unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geologic_Time_Scale#Terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic Time Scale">Supereon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Stratigraphic unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geologic_Time_Scale#Terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic Time Scale">Supereonthem</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Time span formality</th><td class="infobox-data">Informal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower boundary definition</th><td class="infobox-data">Formation of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Lower GSSA ratified</th><td class="infobox-data">October 5, 2022<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper boundary definition</th><td class="infobox-data">Appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Trace_fossil" title="Trace fossil">Ichnofossil</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Treptichnus_pedum" class="mw-redirect" title="Treptichnus pedum">Treptichnus pedum</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper boundary GSSP</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Head" title="Fortune Head">Fortune Head section</a>, Newfoundland, Canada<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Precambrian&params=47.0762_N_55.8310_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°04′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">55°49′52″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.0762°N 55.8310°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.0762; -55.8310</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:10em;">Upper GSSP ratified</th><td class="infobox-data">1992</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Precambrian</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"> </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">pree-<span style="font-size:90%">KAM</span>-bree-ən, -⁠KAYM-</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Pre-Cambrian</b>, sometimes abbreviated <b>pC</b>, or <b>Cryptozoic</b>) is the earliest part of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Earth">Earth's history</a>, set before the current <a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic">Phanerozoic</a> Eon. The Precambrian is so named because it preceded the <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Geologic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic period">period</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic">Phanerozoic Eon</a>, which is named after <a href="/wiki/Cambria" title="Cambria">Cambria</a>, the Latinized name for <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, where rocks from this age were first studied. The Precambrian accounts for 88% of the Earth's geologic time. </p><p>The Precambrian is an informal unit of geologic time,<sup id="cite_ref-Gradstein_et-al_2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gradstein_et-al_2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> subdivided into three <a href="/wiki/Eon_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eon (geology)">eons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean">Hadean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">geologic time scale</a>. It spans from the formation of Earth about 4.6 billion years ago (<a href="/wiki/Ga_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ga (unit)">Ga</a>) to the beginning of the Cambrian Period, about 538.8 million years ago (<a href="/wiki/Ma_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma (unit)">Ma</a>), when hard-shelled creatures first appeared in abundance. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relatively little is known about the Precambrian, despite it making up roughly seven-eighths of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Earth">Earth's history</a>, and what is known has largely been discovered from the 1960s onwards. The Precambrian fossil record is poorer than that of the succeeding <a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic">Phanerozoic</a>, and fossils from the Precambrian (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Stromatolites" class="mw-redirect" title="Stromatolites">stromatolites</a>) are of limited <a href="/wiki/Biostratigraphy" title="Biostratigraphy">biostratigraphic</a> use.<sup id="cite_ref-Monroe_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monroe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because many Precambrian rocks have been heavily <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphosed</a>, obscuring their origins, while others have been destroyed by erosion, or remain deeply buried beneath Phanerozoic strata.<sup id="cite_ref-Monroe_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monroe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is thought that <a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the Earth">the Earth coalesced</a> from material in orbit around the Sun at roughly 4,543 Ma, and may have been struck by another planet called <a href="/wiki/Theia_(hypothetical_planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theia (hypothetical planet)">Theia</a> shortly after it formed, splitting off material that formed the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Giant-impact_hypothesis" title="Giant-impact hypothesis">Giant-impact hypothesis</a>). A stable crust was apparently in place by 4,433 Ma, since <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a> crystals from <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> have been <a href="/wiki/Radiometric_dating" title="Radiometric dating">dated</a> at 4,404 ± 8 Ma.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="supereon"></span>The term "Precambrian" is used by <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">geologists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paleontologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleontologists">paleontologists</a> for general discussions not requiring a more specific eon name. However, both the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">International Commission on Stratigraphy</a> regard the term as informal.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the span of time falling under the Precambrian consists of three eons (the <a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean">Hadean</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a>), it is sometimes described as a <i>supereon</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this is also an informal term, not defined by the ICS in its chronostratigraphic guide.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Eozoic"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Eozoic</span></span></b></i> (from <i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eo-#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:eo-">eo-</a></i> "earliest") was a synonym for <i>pre-Cambrian</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or more specifically <i><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_forms">Life forms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of life">Origin of life</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avalon_explosion" title="Avalon explosion">Avalon explosion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></div> <p>A specific date for the origin of life has not been determined. <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> found in 3.8 billion-year-old rocks (Archean Eon) from islands off western <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> may be of organic origin. Well-preserved microscopic fossils of <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> older than 3.46 billion years have been found in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Probable fossils 100 million years older have been found in the same area. However, there is evidence that life could have evolved over 4.280 billion years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-NAT-20170301_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAT-20170301-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20170301_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20170301-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC-20170301_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-20170301-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4.3b_oldest_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4.3b_oldest-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a fairly solid record of bacterial life throughout the remainder (Proterozoic Eon) of the Precambrian. </p><p>Complex multicellular organisms may have appeared as early as 2100 Ma.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the interpretation of ancient fossils is problematic, and "... some definitions of multicellularity encompass everything from simple bacterial colonies to badgers."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other possible early complex multicellular organisms include a possible 2450 Ma red alga from the <a href="/wiki/Kola_Peninsula" title="Kola Peninsula">Kola Peninsula</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1650 Ma carbonaceous biosignatures in north China,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 1600 Ma <i><a href="/wiki/Rafatazmia" title="Rafatazmia">Rafatazmia</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a possible 1047 Ma <i><a href="/wiki/Bangiomorpha" title="Bangiomorpha">Bangiomorpha</a></i> red alga from the Canadian Arctic.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest fossils widely accepted as complex multicellular organisms date from the Ediacaran Period.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A very diverse collection of soft-bodied forms is found in a variety of locations worldwide and date to between 635 and 542 Ma. These are referred to as <a href="/wiki/Ediacaran_biota" title="Ediacaran biota">Ediacaran or Vendian biota</a>. Hard-shelled creatures appeared toward the end of that time span, marking the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon. By the middle of the following Cambrian Period, a very diverse fauna is recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Burgess_Shale" title="Burgess Shale">Burgess Shale</a>, including some which may represent stem groups of modern taxa. The increase in diversity of lifeforms during the early Cambrian is called the <a href="/wiki/Cambrian_explosion" title="Cambrian explosion">Cambrian explosion</a> of life.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While land seems to have been devoid of plants and animals, cyanobacteria and other microbes formed prokaryotic <a href="/wiki/Algal_mat" title="Algal mat">mats</a> that covered terrestrial areas.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tracks from an animal with leg-like appendages have been found in what was mud 551 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_of_life">Emergence of life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emergence of life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/RNA_world" title="RNA world">RNA world</a> hypothesis asserts that RNA evolved before coded proteins and DNA genomes.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Hadean Eon (4,567–4,031 Ma) abundant <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_activity" title="Geothermal activity">geothermal</a> <a href="/wiki/Microenvironment_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Microenvironment (ecology)">microenvironments</a> were present that may have had the potential to support the synthesis and replication of <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> and thus possibly the evolution of a primitive life form.<sup id="cite_ref-Salditt2023_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salditt2023-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was shown that porous rock systems comprising heated air-water interfaces could allow <a href="/wiki/Ribozyme" title="Ribozyme">ribozyme</a>-<a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalyzed</a> RNA replication of sense and antisense strands that could be followed by strand-dissociation, thus enabling combined synthesis, release and folding of active ribozymes.<sup id="cite_ref-Salditt2023_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salditt2023-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This primitive RNA replicative system also may have been able to undergo template strand switching during replication (<a href="/wiki/Genetic_recombination" title="Genetic recombination">genetic recombination</a>) as is known to occur during the RNA replication of extant <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronaviruses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planetary_environment_and_the_oxygen_catastrophe">Planetary environment and the oxygen catastrophe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Planetary environment and the oxygen catastrophe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temagami_greenstone_belt_pillow_lava.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Temagami_greenstone_belt_pillow_lava.jpg/220px-Temagami_greenstone_belt_pillow_lava.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Temagami_greenstone_belt_pillow_lava.jpg/330px-Temagami_greenstone_belt_pillow_lava.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Temagami_greenstone_belt_pillow_lava.jpg/440px-Temagami_greenstone_belt_pillow_lava.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Weathered Precambrian <a href="/wiki/Pillow_lava" title="Pillow lava">pillow lava</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Temagami_Greenstone_Belt" title="Temagami Greenstone Belt">Temagami Greenstone Belt</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Evidence of the details of <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate motions</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Tectonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic">tectonic</a> activity in the Precambrian is difficult to interpret. It is generally believed that small proto-continents existed before 4280 Ma, and that most of the Earth's landmasses collected into a single <a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">supercontinent</a> around 1130 Ma. The supercontinent, known as <a href="/wiki/Rodinia" title="Rodinia">Rodinia</a>, broke up around 750 Ma. A number of <a href="/wiki/Glaciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciation">glacial periods</a> have been identified going as far back as the <a href="/wiki/Huronian" class="mw-redirect" title="Huronian">Huronian</a> epoch, roughly 2400–2100 Ma. One of the best studied is the <a href="/wiki/Sturtian-Varangian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sturtian-Varangian">Sturtian-Varangian</a> glaciation, around 850–635 Ma, which may have brought glacial conditions all the way to the equator, resulting in a "<a href="/wiki/Snowball_Earth" title="Snowball Earth">Snowball Earth</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth's atmosphere">atmosphere</a> of the early Earth is not well understood. Most geologists believe it was composed primarily of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other relatively inert gases, and was lacking in free <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>. There is, however, evidence that an oxygen-rich atmosphere existed since the early Archean.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At present, it is still believed that <a href="/wiki/Molecular" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular">molecular</a> oxygen was not a significant fraction of Earth's atmosphere until after <a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthetic</a> life forms evolved and began to produce it in large quantities as a byproduct of their <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a>. This radical shift from a chemically inert to an oxidizing atmosphere caused an <a href="/wiki/Ecological_crisis" title="Ecological crisis">ecological crisis</a>, sometimes called the <a href="/wiki/Great_Oxygenation_Event" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Oxygenation Event">oxygen catastrophe</a>. At first, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> would have quickly combined with other elements in Earth's crust, primarily iron, removing it from the atmosphere. After the supply of oxidizable surfaces ran out, oxygen would have begun to accumulate in the atmosphere, and the modern high-oxygen atmosphere would have developed. Evidence for this lies in older rocks that contain massive <a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">banded iron formations</a> that were laid down as iron oxides. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timetable_of_the_Precambrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Timetable of the Precambrian">Timetable of the Precambrian</a></div> <table id="Container" role="presentation" class="nomobile toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:solid;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.3em 0 0.8em 1.4em;overflow:hidden;min-width:29.95em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" id="Title" style="padding:1em 1em 0 1em"><div style="background-color:#77bb77;padding:0 0.2em 0 0.2em;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_evolutionary_history_of_life" title="Timeline of the evolutionary history of life"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Life timeline</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" id="Navbox" style="padding:0;margin:0 1em 0 0;text-align:right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><span>This box: </span><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Life_timeline" title="Template:Life timeline"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Life_timeline" title="Template talk:Life timeline"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Life_timeline" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Life timeline"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td id="Scale" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;width:4.2em;position:relative;float:left;font-size:100%;height:50em;border-right:1px solid #242020"><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:49.56em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−4500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:48.18em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:46.81em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:45.43em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:44.05em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−4000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:42.68em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:41.30em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:39.92em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:38.55em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−3500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:37.17em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:35.79em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:34.42em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:33.04em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−3000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:31.66em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:30.29em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:28.91em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:27.53em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:26.16em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:24.78em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:23.40em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:22.03em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:20.65em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:19.27em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:17.90em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:16.52em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:15.14em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:13.77em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:12.39em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:11.01em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:9.64em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:8.26em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:6.88em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:5.51em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:4.13em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:2.75em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:1.38em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:0.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">0 —</span></div></td><td id="Timeline" class="toccolours notheme" style="padding:0px;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;position:relative;font-size:100%;width:13em;height:50em;float:left;border:none"><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#e5cc7f;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:50.000em;left:0.910em;width:12.090em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-25.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#aebfd1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:44.053em;height:4.537em;left:1.040em;width:11.960em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.269em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_water_on_Earth" title="Origin of water on Earth">Water</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#aebfd1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:44.053em;left:1.040em;width:0.130em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-22.026em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#b3d9ff;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:38.546em;height:5.507em;left:1.170em;width:11.830em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.753em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Unicellular_organism" title="Unicellular organism">Single-celled life</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#b3d9ff;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:38.546em;left:1.170em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-19.273em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#99ffff;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:23.128em;height:15.419em;left:1.430em;width:11.570em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-7.709em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_photosynthesis" title="Evolution of photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#99ffff;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:23.128em;left:1.430em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-11.564em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#b3ffea;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:17.621em;height:5.507em;left:1.690em;width:11.310em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.753em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryotes</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#b3ffea;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:17.621em;left:1.690em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-8.811em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccffe7;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:5.958em;height:11.663em;left:1.950em;width:11.050em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-5.831em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Multicellular_organism" title="Multicellular organism">Multicellular life</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccffe7;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:5.958em;left:1.950em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.979em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#77dd00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.982em;height:7.379em;left:2.210em;width:1.170em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.689em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.85em;">P<br />l<br />a<br />n<br />t<br />s</span></a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#77dd00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.982em;left:2.210em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.991em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccbbaa;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:2.203em;height:3.756em;left:3.380em;width:9.620em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.878em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropods</a> <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">Molluscs</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ffff00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.982em;left:2.470em;width:3.510em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-0.53em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.991em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant#Evolutionary_history" title="Flowering plant">Flowers</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#e6b880;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.721em;height:2.583em;left:3.380em;width:5.070em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.291em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosaurs</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ffcc00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:2.203em;left:8.580em;width:4.420em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.101em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ffcc00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.606em;height:1.597em;left:8.450em;width:4.290em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.15em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.798em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammals</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#e6b880;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.333em;left:5.980em;width:2.600em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-0.225em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.666em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ffbbbb;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:0.606em;left:8.710em;width:4.030em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.1em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.303em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#993c00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:44.053em;height:5.947em;left:0.000em;width:0.910em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:-0.05em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:100%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.974em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.80em;"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean"><span style="color:#ffffff;">H<br />a<br />d<br />e<br />a<br />n</span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#936a00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:27.533em;height:16.520em;left:0.000em;width:0.910em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-1.2em;left:-0.05em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:100%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-8.260em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.85em;"><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean"><span style="color:#ffffff;"><br /><br /><br />A<br />r<br />c<br />h<br />e<br />a<br />n</span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#f1c309;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:5.958em;height:21.575em;left:0.000em;width:0.910em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:100%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-10.787em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.85em;"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />P<br />r<br />o<br />t<br />e<br />r<br />o<br />z<br />o<br />i<br />c</a></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#c1e0c1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:5.958em;left:0.000em;width:0.910em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:2em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:100%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.979em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.85em;"><a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic">P<br />h<br />a<br />n<br />e<br />r<br />o<br />z<br />o<br />i<br />c</a></span></div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccbbaa;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:8.260em;left:12.714em;width:0.286em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-4.130em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div class="notheme" style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccbbaa;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:2.203em;left:12.714em;width:0.286em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div class="notheme" style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.101em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div></td><td id="Annotations" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;float:left;position:relative;width:11.05em;height:50em"><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:50.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Earth" title="Age of Earth">Earth formed</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:48.568em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_water_on_Earth" title="Origin of water on Earth">Earliest water</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:47.907em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor" title="Last universal common ancestor">LUCA</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:44.053em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest fossils</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:42.952em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment" title="Late Heavy Bombardment">LHB meteorites</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:38.546em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Geological_history_of_oxygen" title="Geological history of oxygen">Earliest oxygen</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:31.278em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Pongola_glaciation" title="Pongola glaciation">Pongola glaciation</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:25.330em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Great_Oxidation_Event" title="Great Oxidation Event">Atmospheric oxygen</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:24.780em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Huronian_glaciation" title="Huronian glaciation">Huronian glaciation</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:22.026em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction#Origin_of_sexual_reproduction" title="Evolution of sexual reproduction">Sexual reproduction</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:17.621em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Francevillian_biota" title="Francevillian biota">Earliest multicellular life</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:16.520em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_fungi" title="Evolution of fungi">Earliest fungi</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:9.361em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.25em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants" title="Evolutionary history of plants">Earliest plants</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:8.260em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.4em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Caveasphaera" title="Caveasphaera">Earliest animals</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:7.489em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian ice age</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:6.993em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Ediacaran_biota" title="Ediacaran biota">Ediacaran biota</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:5.958em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.15em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian_explosion" title="Cambrian explosion">Cambrian explosion</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:4.956em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.1em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Hirnantian_glaciation" title="Hirnantian glaciation">Hirnantian glaciation</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:4.075em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.1em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">Earliest tetrapods</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:3.304em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Late_Paleozoic_icehouse" title="Late Paleozoic icehouse">Karoo ice age</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:0.275em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.3em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Earliest apes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:0.018em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:var( --color-base, #000)">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.4em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:var( --color-base, #000);display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Quaternary_glaciation" title="Quaternary glaciation">Quaternary ice age</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 0.5em;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:26.8em"><div style="float:left;font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Myr" class="mw-redirect" title="Myr">million years ago</a>)</div><div style="float:right;font-size:95%;">*<i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_glaciation" title="Timeline of glaciation">Ice Ages</a></i></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A terminology has evolved covering the early years of the Earth's existence, as <a href="/wiki/Radiometric_dating" title="Radiometric dating">radiometric dating</a> has allowed absolute dates to be assigned to specific formations and features.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Precambrian is divided into three eons: the <a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean">Hadean</a> (4567.3–4031 Ma), <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a> (4031-2500 Ma) and <a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a> (2500-538.8 Ma). See <a href="/wiki/Timetable_of_the_Precambrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Timetable of the Precambrian">Timetable of the Precambrian</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a>: this eon refers to the time from the lower <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a> boundary, 538.8 Ma, back through 2500 Ma. As originally used, it was a synonym for "Precambrian" and hence included everything prior to the Cambrian boundary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Proterozoic Eon is divided into three eras: the <a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoic" title="Mesoproterozoic">Mesoproterozoic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic</a>: The youngest <a href="/wiki/Geologic_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic era">geologic era</a> of the Proterozoic Eon, from the <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a> Period lower boundary (538.8 Ma) back to 1000 Ma. The Neoproterozoic corresponds to Precambrian Z rocks of older North American stratigraphy. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ediacaran" title="Ediacaran">Ediacaran</a>: The youngest <a href="/wiki/Geologic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic period">geologic period</a> within the Neoproterozoic Era. The "2012 Geologic Time Scale" dates it from 538.8 to 635 Ma. In this period the <a href="/wiki/Ediacaran_biota" title="Ediacaran biota">Ediacaran biota</a> appeared.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian</a>: The middle period in the <a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic</a> Era: 635-720 Ma.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonian" title="Tonian">Tonian</a>: the earliest period of the Neoproterozoic Era: 720-1000 Ma.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoic" title="Mesoproterozoic">Mesoproterozoic</a>: the middle era of the <a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a> Eon, 1000-1600 Ma. Corresponds to "Precambrian Y" rocks of older North American stratigraphy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic</a>: oldest era of the Proterozoic Eon, 1600-2500 Ma. Corresponds to "Precambrian X" rocks of older North American stratigraphy.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a> Eon: 2500-4031 Ma.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean">Hadean</a> Eon: 4031–4567.3 Ma. This term was intended originally to cover the time before any preserved rocks were deposited, although some <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a> crystals from about 4400 Ma demonstrate the existence of crust in the Hadean Eon. Other records from Hadean time come from the <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_the_Moon" title="Geology of the Moon">Moon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>It has been proposed that the Precambrian should be divided into eons and eras that reflect stages of planetary evolution, rather than the current scheme based upon numerical ages. Such a system could rely on events in the stratigraphic record and be demarcated by <a href="/wiki/Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point" title="Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point">GSSPs</a>. The Precambrian could be divided into five "natural" eons, characterized as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Accretion and differentiation: a period of planetary formation until <a href="/wiki/Giant_impact_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant impact hypothesis">giant Moon-forming impact event</a>.</li> <li>Hadean: dominated by heavy bombardment from about 4.51 Ga (possibly including a <a href="/wiki/Cool_early_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cool early Earth">cool early Earth</a> period) to the end of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment" title="Late Heavy Bombardment">Late Heavy Bombardment</a> period.</li> <li>Archean: a period defined by the first crustal formations (the <a href="/wiki/Isua_greenstone_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Isua greenstone belt">Isua greenstone belt</a>) until the deposition of <a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">banded iron formations</a> due to increasing atmospheric oxygen content.</li> <li>Transition: a period of continued banded iron formation until the first continental <a href="/wiki/Red_beds" title="Red beds">red beds</a>.</li> <li>Proterozoic: a period of modern <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a> until the first <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precambrian_supercontinents">Precambrian supercontinents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Precambrian supercontinents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The movement of Earth's <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plates</a> has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time, including occasional formation of a <a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">supercontinent</a> containing most or all of the landmass. The earliest known supercontinent was <a href="/wiki/Vaalbara" title="Vaalbara">Vaalbara</a>. It formed from proto-continents and was a supercontinent 3.636 billion years ago. <a href="/wiki/Vaalbara" title="Vaalbara">Vaalbara</a> broke up c. 2.845–2.803 <a href="/wiki/Giga-annum" class="mw-redirect" title="Giga-annum">Ga</a> ago. The supercontinent <a href="/wiki/Kenorland" title="Kenorland">Kenorland</a> was formed c. 2.72 <a href="/wiki/Giga-annum" class="mw-redirect" title="Giga-annum">Ga</a> ago and then broke sometime after 2.45–2.1 <a href="/wiki/Giga-annum" class="mw-redirect" title="Giga-annum">Ga</a> into the proto-continent <a href="/wiki/Craton" title="Craton">cratons</a> called <a href="/wiki/Laurentia" title="Laurentia">Laurentia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltica" title="Baltica">Baltica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yilgarn_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="Yilgarn craton">Yilgarn craton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalahari</a>. The supercontinent <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(supercontinent)" title="Columbia (supercontinent)">Columbia</a>, or Nuna, formed 2.1–1.8 billion years ago and broke up about 1.3–1.2 billion years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhao1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhao1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhao2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhao2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The supercontinent <a href="/wiki/Rodinia" title="Rodinia">Rodinia</a> is thought to have formed about 1300-900 Ma, to have included most or all of Earth's continents and to have broken up into eight continents around 750–600 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenorland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Kenorland supercontinent 2.5 billion years ago[citation needed]"><img alt="Map of Kenorland supercontinent 2.5 billion years ago[citation needed]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Kenorland.jpg/90px-Kenorland.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Kenorland.jpg/135px-Kenorland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Kenorland.jpg/180px-Kenorland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of <a href="/wiki/Kenorland" title="Kenorland">Kenorland</a> supercontinent 2.5 billion years ago<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenorland_breaking_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Kenorland breaking up 2.3 billion years ago[citation needed]"><img alt="Map of Kenorland breaking up 2.3 billion years ago[citation needed]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kenorland_breaking_up.jpg/90px-Kenorland_breaking_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kenorland_breaking_up.jpg/135px-Kenorland_breaking_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kenorland_breaking_up.jpg/180px-Kenorland_breaking_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of Kenorland breaking up 2.3 billion years ago<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paleoglobe_NO_1590_mya-vector-colors.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The supercontinent Columbia about 1.6 billion years ago"><img alt="The supercontinent Columbia about 1.6 billion years ago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Paleoglobe_NO_1590_mya-vector-colors.svg/120px-Paleoglobe_NO_1590_mya-vector-colors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Paleoglobe_NO_1590_mya-vector-colors.svg/180px-Paleoglobe_NO_1590_mya-vector-colors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Paleoglobe_NO_1590_mya-vector-colors.svg/240px-Paleoglobe_NO_1590_mya-vector-colors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The supercontinent <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(supercontinent)" title="Columbia (supercontinent)">Columbia</a> about 1.6 billion years ago</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Positions_of_ancient_continents,_550_million_years_ago.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Landmass positions near the end of the Precambrian[citation needed]"><img alt="Landmass positions near the end of the Precambrian[citation needed]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Positions_of_ancient_continents%2C_550_million_years_ago.jpg/120px-Positions_of_ancient_continents%2C_550_million_years_ago.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Positions_of_ancient_continents%2C_550_million_years_ago.jpg/180px-Positions_of_ancient_continents%2C_550_million_years_ago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Positions_of_ancient_continents%2C_550_million_years_ago.jpg/240px-Positions_of_ancient_continents%2C_550_million_years_ago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Landmass positions near the end of the Precambrian<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic">Phanerozoic</a> – Fourth and current eon of the geological timescale <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> – First era of the Phanerozoic Eon 539–252 million years ago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> – Second era of the Phanerozoic Eon: ~252–66 million years ago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a> – Third era of the Phanerozoic Eon</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCohen" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Kim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratigraphy.org/news/143">"New edition of the Chart - 2022-10"</a>. <i>International Commission on Stratigraphy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Commission+on+Stratigraphy&rft.atitle=New+edition+of+the+Chart+-+2022-10&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstratigraphy.org%2Fnews%2F143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/Precambrian">"Precambrian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CollinsDictionary.com" class="mw-redirect" title="CollinsDictionary.com">CollinsDictionary.com</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CollinsDictionary.com&rft.atitle=Precambrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2FPrecambrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gradstein_et-al_2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gradstein_et-al_2012_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGradstein,_F.M.Ogg,_J.G.Schmitz,_M.D.Ogg,_G.M.2012" class="citation book cs1">Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G.; Schmitz, M.D.; Ogg, G.M., eds. (2012). <i>The Geologic Timescale 2012</i>. Vol. 1. Elsevier. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-44-459390-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-44-459390-0"><bdi>978-0-44-459390-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geologic+Timescale+2012&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-44-459390-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monroe-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monroe_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monroe_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonroeWicander1997" class="citation book cs1">Monroe, James S.; Wicander, Reed (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=48aiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA492"><i>The Changing Earth: Exploring Geology and Evolution</i></a> (2nd ed.). Belmont: <a href="/wiki/Wadsworth_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadsworth Publishing Company">Wadsworth Publishing Company</a>. p. 492. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781285981383" title="Special:BookSources/9781285981383"><bdi>9781285981383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Changing+Earth%3A+Exploring+Geology+and+Evolution&rft.place=Belmont&rft.pages=492&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781285981383&rft.aulast=Monroe&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rft.au=Wicander%2C+Reed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D48aiAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2010" class="citation book cs1">Levin, Harold L. 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(25 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter08-01.html">"The Earliest Earth: 2,100,000,000 years of the Archean Eon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Earliest+Earth%3A+2%2C100%2C000%2C000+years+of+the+Archean+Eon&rft.date=2005-10-25&rft.aulast=Gore&rft.aufirst=Pamela+J.W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhigheredbcs.wiley.com%2Flegacy%2Fcollege%2Flevin%2F0471697435%2Fchap_tut%2Fchaps%2Fchapter08-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1964" class="citation book cs1">Davis, C.M. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geoscience.wisc.edu/geoscience/people/faculty/john-valley/zircons-are-forever/">the original</a> on 18 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Geoscience&rft.atitle=Zircons+are+Forever&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeoscience.wisc.edu%2Fgeoscience%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Fjohn-valley%2Fzircons-are-forever%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCavosieValleyWilde2007" class="citation journal cs1">Cavosie, Aaron J.; Valley, John W.; Wilde, Simon A. (2007). "Chapter 2.5 The Oldest Terrestrial Mineral Record: A Review of 4400 to 4000 Ma Detrital Zircons from Jack Hills, Western Australia". <i>Developments in Precambrian Geology</i>. <b>15</b>: 91–111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0166-2635%2807%2915025-8">10.1016/S0166-2635(07)15025-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780444528100" title="Special:BookSources/9780444528100"><bdi>9780444528100</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+Precambrian+Geology&rft.atitle=Chapter+2.5+The+Oldest+Terrestrial+Mineral+Record%3A+A+Review+of+4400+to+4000+Ma+Detrital+Zircons+from+Jack+Hills%2C+Western+Australia&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=91-111&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0166-2635%2807%2915025-8&rft.isbn=9780444528100&rft.aulast=Cavosie&rft.aufirst=Aaron+J.&rft.au=Valley%2C+John+W.&rft.au=Wilde%2C+Simon+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Geological_Survey_Geologic_Names_Committee2010" class="citation cs2">U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Names Committee (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3059/">"Divisions of geologic time – major chronostratigraphic and geochronologic units"</a>, <i>U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010–3059</i>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Geological+Survey+Fact+Sheet+2010%E2%80%933059&rft.atitle=Divisions+of+geologic+time+%E2%80%93+major+chronostratigraphic+and+geochronologic+units&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2010&rft.au=U.S.+Geological+Survey+Geologic+Names+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Ffs%2F2010%2F3059%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFanHou2017" class="citation web cs1">Fan, Junxuan; Hou, Xudong (February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stratigraphy.org/chart">"Chart"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">International Commission on Stratigraphy</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Chronostratigraphic_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="International Chronostratigraphic Chart">International Chronostratigraphic Chart</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/view/518">"A Paleo-Mesoproterozoic super-continent: assembly, growth and breakup"</a>. <i>Earth-Science Reviews</i> (Submitted manuscript). <b>67</b> (1): 91–123. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ESRv...67...91Z">2004ESRv...67...91Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.earscirev.2004.02.003">10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.02.003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth-Science+Reviews&rft.atitle=A+Paleo-Mesoproterozoic+super-continent%3A+assembly%2C+growth+and+breakup&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=91-123&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.earscirev.2004.02.003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004ESRv...67...91Z&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Guochun&rft.au=Sun%2C+M.&rft.au=Wilde%2C+Simon+A.&rft.au=Li%2C+S.Z.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gt-crust.ru%2Fjour%2Farticle%2Fview%2F518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiBogdanovaCollinsDavidson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Z. X.; Bogdanova, S. V.; Collins, A. S.; Davidson, A.; De Waele, B.; Ernst, R. E.; Fitzsimons, I. C. W.; Fuck, R. A.; Gladkochub, D. P.; Jacobs, J.; Karlstrom, K. E.; Lul, S.; Natapov, L. M.; Pease, V.; Pisarevsky, S. A.; Thrane, K.; Vernikovsky, V. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304231035/http://www.bdewaele.be/pdfs/Lietal_IGCP440_map_2008.pdf">"Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: A synthesis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Precambrian Research</i>. <b>160</b> (1–2): 179–210. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PreR..160..179L">2008PreR..160..179L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.precamres.2007.04.021">10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.021</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bdewaele.be/pdfs/Lietal_IGCP440_map_2008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Precambrian+Research&rft.atitle=Assembly%2C+configuration%2C+and+break-up+history+of+Rodinia%3A+A+synthesis&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=179-210&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.precamres.2007.04.021&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PreR..160..179L&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Z.+X.&rft.au=Bogdanova%2C+S.+V.&rft.au=Collins%2C+A.+S.&rft.au=Davidson%2C+A.&rft.au=De+Waele%2C+B.&rft.au=Ernst%2C+R.+E.&rft.au=Fitzsimons%2C+I.+C.+W.&rft.au=Fuck%2C+R.+A.&rft.au=Gladkochub%2C+D.+P.&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+J.&rft.au=Karlstrom%2C+K.+E.&rft.au=Lul%2C+S.&rft.au=Natapov%2C+L.+M.&rft.au=Pease%2C+V.&rft.au=Pisarevsky%2C+S.+A.&rft.au=Thrane%2C+K.&rft.au=Vernikovsky%2C+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bdewaele.be%2Fpdfs%2FLietal_IGCP440_map_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Valley, John W., William H. Peck, Elizabeth M. King (1999) <i>Zircons Are Forever</i>, The Outcrop for 1999, University of Wisconsin-Madison <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~valley/zircons/zircon_home.html">Wgeology.wisc.edu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316170539/http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~valley/zircons/zircon_home.html">Archived</a> 2012-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <i>Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago</i> Accessed Jan. 10, 2006</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWildeValley,_J._W.Peck,_W._H.Graham,_C._M.2001" class="citation journal cs1">Wilde, S. A.; Valley, J. W.; Peck, W. H.; Graham, C. M. (2001). "Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago". <i>Nature</i>. <b>409</b> (6817): 175–178. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Natur.409..175W">2001Natur.409..175W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35051550">10.1038/35051550</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11196637">11196637</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4319774">4319774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Evidence+from+detrital+zircons+for+the+existence+of+continental+crust+and+oceans+on+the+Earth+4.4+Gyr+ago&rft.volume=409&rft.issue=6817&rft.pages=175-178&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35051550&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4319774%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11196637&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001Natur.409..175W&rft.aulast=Wilde&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft.au=Valley%2C+J.+W.&rft.au=Peck%2C+W.+H.&rft.au=Graham%2C+C.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWycheNelson,_D._R.Riganti,_A.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Wyche, S.; Nelson, D. R.; Riganti, A. (2004). "4350–3130 Ma detrital zircons in the Southern Cross Granite–Greenstone Terrane, Western Australia: implications for the early evolution of the Yilgarn Craton". <i>Australian Journal of Earth Sciences</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 31–45. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AuJES..51...31W">2004AuJES..51...31W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1400-0952.2003.01042.x">10.1046/j.1400-0952.2003.01042.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=4350%E2%80%933130+Ma+detrital+zircons+in+the+Southern+Cross+Granite%E2%80%93Greenstone+Terrane%2C+Western+Australia%3A+implications+for+the+early+evolution+of+the+Yilgarn+Craton&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-45&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1400-0952.2003.01042.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004AuJES..51...31W&rft.aulast=Wyche&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+D.+R.&rft.au=Riganti%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrecambrian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="nobold">(present–66.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary <span class="nobold">(present–2.58 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene (present–11.7 ka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene <span class="nobold">(2.58–23.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene <span class="nobold">(23.0–66.0 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(66.0–252 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous <span class="nobold">(66.0–145 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late (66.0–100 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early (100–145 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic <span class="nobold">(145–201 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late (145–164 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Jurassic" title="Middle Jurassic">Middle (164–174 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Jurassic" title="Early Jurassic">Early (174–201 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic <span class="nobold">(201–252 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Triassic" title="Late Triassic">Late (201–237 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Triassic" title="Middle Triassic">Middle (237–247 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Triassic" title="Early Triassic">Early (247–252 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic Era<br /><span class="nobold">(252–539 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian <span class="nobold">(252–299 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lopingian" title="Lopingian">Lopingian (252–260 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupian" title="Guadalupian">Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisuralian" title="Cisuralian">Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous <span class="nobold">(299–359 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)" title="Pennsylvanian (geology)">Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_(geology)" title="Mississippian (geology)">Mississippian (323–359 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian <span class="nobold">(359–419 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Devonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Devonian">Late (359–383 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Devonian" title="Middle Devonian">Middle (383–393 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Devonian" title="Early Devonian">Early (393–419 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian <span class="nobold">(419–444 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pridoli_Epoch" title="Pridoli Epoch">Pridoli (419–423 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Epoch" title="Ludlow Epoch">Ludlow (423–427 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenlock_Epoch" title="Wenlock Epoch">Wenlock (427–433 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandovery_Epoch" title="Llandovery Epoch">Llandovery (433–444 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician <span class="nobold">(444–485 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ordovician" title="Late Ordovician">Late (444–458 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ordovician" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Ordovician">Middle (458–470 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Ordovician" title="Early Ordovician">Early (470–485 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian <span class="nobold">(485–539 Ma)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furongian" title="Furongian">Furongian (485–497 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaolingian" title="Miaolingian">Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrian_Series_2" title="Cambrian Series 2">Series 2 (509–521 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terreneuvian" title="Terreneuvian">Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic Eon<br /><span class="nobold">(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Neoproterozoic" title="Neoproterozoic">Neoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(539 Ma–1 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ediacaran" title="Ediacaran">Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonian" title="Tonian">Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Mesoproterozoic" title="Mesoproterozoic">Mesoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(1–1.6 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stenian" title="Stenian">Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectasian" title="Ectasian">Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calymmian" title="Calymmian">Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:26ch"><a href="/wiki/Paleoproterozoic" title="Paleoproterozoic">Paleoproterozoic <span class="nobold">(1.6–2.5 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statherian" title="Statherian">Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosirian" title="Orosirian">Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyacian" title="Rhyacian">Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siderian" title="Siderian">Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean Eon <span class="nobold">(2.5–4 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoarchean" title="Neoarchean">Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoarchean" title="Mesoarchean">Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoarchean" title="Paleoarchean">Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoarchean" title="Eoarchean">Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean">Hadean Eon <span class="nobold">(4–4.6 Ga)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">ka</a> = kiloannum (thousand years ago); <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ma</a> = megaannum (million years ago); <a href="/wiki/Year#SI_prefix_multipliers" title="Year">Ga</a> = gigaannum (billion years ago).<br /> <i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Geologic_time_scale" title="Geologic time scale">Geologic time scale</a>  •  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Geology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/16px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/24px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/WikiProject_Geology.svg/32px-WikiProject_Geology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="328" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geology" title="Portal:Geology">Geology portal</a>  •  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103910#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103910#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4046985-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Paleoclimatology--Precambrian"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2002004620">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Précambrien"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944292p">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Précambrien"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11944292p">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570680">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="prekambrium"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph727128&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000128995&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007539736705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=20523">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&oldid=1254190836">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Precambrian&oldid=1254190836</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: 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