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-webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">China</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">188,461 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>China</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/China">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35014428" data-work_id="35014428" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35014428/Shaping_the_City_of_Tomorrow_in_East_Asia_Concepts_Schemes_and_Ideas_for_Urban_Development_from_1960s_to_2010_and_Beyond">Shaping the City of Tomorrow in East Asia: Concepts, Schemes and Ideas for Urban Development from 1960s to 2010, and Beyond</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper attempts to outline the urban visions and architectural ideas and vocabulary behind the formation of the large urban conglomeration in Japan, South Korea and China, and how the seeds of Western planning theories and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35014428" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper attempts to outline the urban visions and architectural ideas and vocabulary behind the formation of the large urban conglomeration in Japan, South Korea and China, and how the seeds of Western planning theories and architectural design practice have helped shaping and building the contemporary cites along the vast regions of Asia Pacific Region, and frame a local language in envisioning the city of the future.<br />Reflecting on the contributions from East Asia to the discourse of planning and design a city for the future as promoted by single actors, larger cultural movements and national elites fostering economic ambitions and political agendas of autocratic forces (e.g. from the experimental cities by the Metabolists in Japan, to the more “pragmatic” urban development projects fostered by local and national governments in South Korea and China), the paper tries to explain the key socio-economic factors and engines which have dramatically and radically transformed the skylines of the most dynamic and growing influential area of the world at the dawn of 21st century; it also aims at describe the origins of the various forms and elements of the modern built environments which have been shaped and molded by these same forces, and how/whether these urban forms embodies a true genuine East Asian vision of the city of the future, and what is the current trend in terms of new urban forms and architectural design research at the beginning of 21st century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35014428" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d340bad595493a63a109f20788ebdfd6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54878419,"asset_id":35014428,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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Pernice","profile_url":"https://optusnet.academia.edu/RaffaelePernice?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1320486/668578/829863/s65_raffaele.pernice.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35014428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35014428"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35014428, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35014428", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35014428 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35014428; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = 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data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3410" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History">Urban History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3410" type="text/json">{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35014428]'), work: {"id":35014428,"title":"Shaping the City of Tomorrow in East Asia: Concepts, Schemes and Ideas for Urban Development from 1960s to 2010, and 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href="https://www.academia.edu/25976312/Social_Networks_and_Health_Related_Quality_of_Life_Among_Chinese_Older_Adults_With_Vision_Impairment">Social Networks and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Chinese Older Adults With Vision Impairment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25976312" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc7f1418cac1004b402f2fa3f269ed25" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Support">Social Support</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11015" type="text/json">{"id":11015,"name":"Social Support","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Support?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25976312]'), work: {"id":25976312,"title":"Social Networks and Health-Related Quality of Life Among 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Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40036842" data-work_id="40036842" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40036842/The_Uses_of_Egyptology_in_Cultural_Cold_Wars_Old_Europe_Red_Man_and_the_Red_Phoenix">The Uses of Egyptology in Cultural Cold Wars: Old Europe, Red Man and the Red Phoenix</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40036842" data-share-source="work_strip" 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Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Testing?f_ri=12108"},{"id":170987,"name":"Quality assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_assessment?f_ri=12108"},{"id":172678,"name":"Artifacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artifacts?f_ri=12108"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=12108"},{"id":218464,"name":"Dilated cardiomyopathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dilated_cardiomyopathy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":290205,"name":"Mitochondrial Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_Diseases?f_ri=12108"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=12108"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=12108"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1036777,"name":"Epidemiologic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiologic_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1142759,"name":"Healthy Subjects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Healthy_Subjects?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14936493" data-work_id="14936493" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14936493/Organic_opportunities_and_challenges_for_Australia_and_China">Organic opportunities and challenges for Australia and China</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The opportunities to grow the ‘organic pie’ are substantial for both China and Australia. However the challenges and the opportunities are far from identical, although the goals of growing the production area, increasing the market... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14936493" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The opportunities to grow the ‘organic pie’ are substantial for both China and Australia. However the challenges and the opportunities are far from identical, although the goals of growing the production area, increasing the market awareness, fostering consumer confidence in certification and labeling, broadening the product offering and availability, and increasing sales are shared issues. Some of the aspects of organics opportunity and challenge are examined in this book chapter. Comparative statistics between Australia and China are presented in Table 3.1.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14936493" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fdea06d5e791fb8abdb8c504316fdb57" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38480683,"asset_id":14936493,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38480683/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20848900" href="https://utas.academia.edu/JohnPaull">John Paull, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20848900" type="text/json">{"id":20848900,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Paull, PhD","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"JohnPaull","display_name":"John Paull, PhD","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/JohnPaull?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20848900/9777304/10893135/s65_john.paull.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14936493 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14936493"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14936493, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14936493", }); 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However the challenges and the opportunities are far from identical, although the goals of growing the production area, increasing the market awareness, fostering consumer confidence in certification and labeling, broadening the product offering and availability, and increasing sales are shared issues. Some of the aspects of organics opportunity and challenge are examined in this book chapter. Comparative statistics between Australia and China are presented in Table 3.1.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38480683,"asset_id":14936493,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20848900,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Paull, PhD","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"JohnPaull","display_name":"John Paull, PhD","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/JohnPaull?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20848900/9777304/10893135/s65_john.paull.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":3407,"name":"Environmental Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=12108"},{"id":7842,"name":"Green Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Marketing?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=12108"},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":24117,"name":"Organic agriculture (Sustainability)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_agriculture_Sustainability_?f_ri=12108"},{"id":24550,"name":"Contemporary China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":51175,"name":"Organic Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Farming?f_ri=12108"},{"id":52421,"name":"Green Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Technology?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56868291" data-work_id="56868291" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56868291/Chinese_health_biotech_and_the_billion_patient_market">Chinese health biotech and the billion-patient market</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56868291" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ce04d65a3246a5f07a508c5dc21c02b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72042782,"asset_id":56868291,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72042782/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5261032" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/StephenSammut">Stephen Sammut</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5261032" type="text/json">{"id":5261032,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Sammut","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"StephenSammut","display_name":"Stephen Sammut","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/StephenSammut?f_ri=12108","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56868291 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56868291"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56868291, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56868291", }); 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The Global Spectacular: New Museum Architecture in China and the Arabian Gulf. Lund Humphries.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book provides, for the first time, a visual documentation of the wave of 'starchitect' designed museums under construction in certain Arabian Peninsula states, in China, and emerging economies, such as Azerbaijan and India. It offers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35376869" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book provides, for the first time, a visual documentation of the wave of 'starchitect' designed museums under construction in certain Arabian Peninsula states, in China, and emerging economies, such as Azerbaijan and India. It offers a sustained architectural critique of the style of these new museums and suggests they represent a new dynamic in the production of cultural spaces. Karen Exell argues projects and finished buildings by the likes of Jean Nouvel, Frank Gehry and Norman Foster+Associates are less connected to regional cultural production than to globalized capitalist modernity, and contrasts this globalised aesthetic with the architecture of smaller museums that responds to more traditional regional materials and construction methods. These projects are less well known, but no less striking in their thoughtful and richly contextualised architectural approach, and reveal a nuanced interpretation of the role and function of contemporary museums. For anyone seeking to understand the profusion of grand architectural projects within the cultural sector of emerging economies, The Global Spectacular provides invaluable insight into the varying socio-economic contexts driving their development and poses vital questions about their likely impact.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35376869" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb41d8a44e91a499f80693525e98180a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55450802,"asset_id":35376869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55450802/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2469865" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/KarenExell">Karen Exell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2469865" type="text/json">{"id":2469865,"first_name":"Karen","last_name":"Exell","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"KarenExell","display_name":"Karen Exell","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/KarenExell?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2469865/1501279/1828151/s65_karen.exell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35376869 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35376869"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35376869, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35376869", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35376869]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35376869").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35376869").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35376869"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14861" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf">Arabian Gulf</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14861" type="text/json">{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40719" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museums">Museums</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40719" type="text/json">{"id":40719,"name":"Museums","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museums?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35376869]'), work: {"id":35376869,"title":"Exell, K. 2018. The Global Spectacular: New Museum Architecture in China and the Arabian Gulf. Lund Humphries.","created_at":"2017-12-08T03:30:01.201-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35376869/Exell_K_2018_The_Global_Spectacular_New_Museum_Architecture_in_China_and_the_Arabian_Gulf_Lund_Humphries?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_35376869","summary":"This book provides, for the first time, a visual documentation of the wave of 'starchitect' designed museums under construction in certain Arabian Peninsula states, in China, and emerging economies, such as Azerbaijan and India. It offers a sustained architectural critique of the style of these new museums and suggests they represent a new dynamic in the production of cultural spaces. Karen Exell argues projects and finished buildings by the likes of Jean Nouvel, Frank Gehry and Norman Foster+Associates are less connected to regional cultural production than to globalized capitalist modernity, and contrasts this globalised aesthetic with the architecture of smaller museums that responds to more traditional regional materials and construction methods. These projects are less well known, but no less striking in their thoughtful and richly contextualised architectural approach, and reveal a nuanced interpretation of the role and function of contemporary museums. For anyone seeking to understand the profusion of grand architectural projects within the cultural sector of emerging economies, The Global Spectacular provides invaluable insight into the varying socio-economic contexts driving their development and poses vital questions about their likely impact.\n \n \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55450802,"asset_id":35376869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2469865,"first_name":"Karen","last_name":"Exell","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"KarenExell","display_name":"Karen Exell","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/KarenExell?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2469865/1501279/1828151/s65_karen.exell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":14861,"name":"Arabian Gulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabian_Gulf?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":40719,"name":"Museums","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museums?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8673860" data-work_id="8673860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8673860/Chopsticks_Only_Work_in_Pairs_by_Shanshan_Du_review_">Chopsticks Only Work in Pairs, by Shanshan Du (review)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="115909" href="https://nd.academia.edu/SusanBlum">Susan D Blum</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="115909" type="text/json">{"id":115909,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Blum","domain_name":"nd","page_name":"SusanBlum","display_name":"Susan D Blum","profile_url":"https://nd.academia.edu/SusanBlum?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/115909/1882641/123522815/s65_susan.blum.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8673860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8673860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8673860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8673860", }); 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function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8673860]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8673860").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8673860").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8673860"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3499" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology">Social and Cultural Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3499" type="text/json">{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39749629" data-work_id="39749629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39749629/Discovering_the_Modern_Regime_of_Translation_in_China_Liu_Cixins_Remembrance_of_Earths_Past_and_Wuhes_Remains_of_Life">Discovering the Modern Regime of Translation in China: Liu Cixin's Remembrance of Earth's Past and Wuhe's Remains of Life</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay focuses on the salient place given to staging both the modern regime of translation and the institution of literature alongside a dramatization of anthropological difference in Liu Cixin's acclaimed science fiction trilogy,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39749629" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay focuses on the salient place given to staging both the modern regime of translation and the institution of literature alongside a dramatization of anthropological difference in Liu Cixin's acclaimed science fiction trilogy, Remembrance of Earth's Past (also known as The Three Body Problem). These are concerns that are, I would argue, not only historically central to twentieth-century Chinese literature, but also place twentieth-century Chinese literature squarely at the crux of some of the most fundamental questions about aesthetic modernity. These questions revolve around the way in which the type or the figure plays a crucial role in the construction of the nation-state. As quintessentially modern social institutions, both the regime of translation and the institution of literature converge around aesthetic ideology, in which the figure and the type play a paramount role. This is not just any figure, but rather the figure of the human, configured through the logical economy of genus, species, and individual. As a kind of abstraction that is intimately woven into the fabric of everyday life (or what Marx calls a "real abstraction"), this "logical economy" is most evident in that experience of identity peculiar to modernity: being an individual who belongs to a national community within that community's membership in a larger, single species among other species. Together, these two institutions form an inherently comparative biopolitical infrastructure that I call the apparatus of area and anthropological difference.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39749629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d9c9c43486526c321622d5e97120c08" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59929947,"asset_id":39749629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59929947/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="725458" href="https://univ-lyon3.academia.edu/JonSolomon">Jon Solomon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="725458" type="text/json">{"id":725458,"first_name":"Jon","last_name":"Solomon","domain_name":"univ-lyon3","page_name":"JonSolomon","display_name":"Jon Solomon","profile_url":"https://univ-lyon3.academia.edu/JonSolomon?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725458/248009/2905886/s65_jon.solomon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39749629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39749629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39749629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39749629", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39749629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39749629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39749629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39749629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="378" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Studies">Area Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="378" type="text/json">{"id":378,"name":"Area Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics">Aesthetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="808" type="text/json">{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1186" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies">Translation Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1186" type="text/json">{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8694" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Fiction">Science Fiction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8694" type="text/json">{"id":8694,"name":"Science Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Fiction?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39749629]'), work: {"id":39749629,"title":"Discovering the Modern Regime of Translation in China: Liu Cixin's Remembrance of Earth's Past and Wuhe's Remains of Life","created_at":"2019-07-04T06:46:53.684-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39749629/Discovering_the_Modern_Regime_of_Translation_in_China_Liu_Cixins_Remembrance_of_Earths_Past_and_Wuhes_Remains_of_Life?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_39749629","summary":"This essay focuses on the salient place given to staging both the modern regime of translation and the institution of literature alongside a dramatization of anthropological difference in Liu Cixin's acclaimed science fiction trilogy, Remembrance of Earth's Past (also known as The Three Body Problem). These are concerns that are, I would argue, not only historically central to twentieth-century Chinese literature, but also place twentieth-century Chinese literature squarely at the crux of some of the most fundamental questions about aesthetic modernity. These questions revolve around the way in which the type or the figure plays a crucial role in the construction of the nation-state. As quintessentially modern social institutions, both the regime of translation and the institution of literature converge around aesthetic ideology, in which the figure and the type play a paramount role. This is not just any figure, but rather the figure of the human, configured through the logical economy of genus, species, and individual. As a kind of abstraction that is intimately woven into the fabric of everyday life (or what Marx calls a \"real abstraction\"), this \"logical economy\" is most evident in that experience of identity peculiar to modernity: being an individual who belongs to a national community within that community's membership in a larger, single species among other species. Together, these two institutions form an inherently comparative biopolitical infrastructure that I call the apparatus of area and anthropological difference.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59929947,"asset_id":39749629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":725458,"first_name":"Jon","last_name":"Solomon","domain_name":"univ-lyon3","page_name":"JonSolomon","display_name":"Jon Solomon","profile_url":"https://univ-lyon3.academia.edu/JonSolomon?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725458/248009/2905886/s65_jon.solomon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":378,"name":"Area Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Area_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":8694,"name":"Science Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Fiction?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":8760,"name":"Jacques Rancière","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re?f_ri=12108"},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":28027,"name":"Taiwanese Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taiwanese_Literature?f_ri=12108"},{"id":39545,"name":"Socialist Realism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialist_Realism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":64833,"name":"Realism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Realism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":153275,"name":"Aesthetic Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetic_Ideology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":363198,"name":"Critique of Anthropological Difference and Subjective Formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Anthropological_Difference_and_Subjective_Formation?f_ri=12108"},{"id":363214,"name":"Naoki Sakai","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naoki_Sakai?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1299736,"name":"Mao Dun","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mao_Dun?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1980102,"name":"Chinese Science Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Science_Fiction?f_ri=12108"},{"id":2209835,"name":"Liu Cixin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liu_Cixin?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35061629" data-work_id="35061629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35061629/Contract_Opportunity_with_the_College_of_Mental_Health_Counselling_download_">Contract Opportunity with the College of Mental Health Counselling (download)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to accept this Student Recruiter agreement with the College of Mental Health Counselling, you must believe in and agree with the value of learning about counselling through the online course described at <a href="http://www.ctihalifax.com" rel="nofollow">www.ctihalifax.com</a>, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35061629" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to accept this Student Recruiter agreement with the College of Mental Health Counselling, you must believe in and agree with the value of learning about counselling through the online course described at <a href="http://www.ctihalifax.com" rel="nofollow">www.ctihalifax.com</a>, and you must act in good faith accepting that the College will remunerate you as per the terms of this agreement in #5 below. Because a Student Recruiter must communicate the following, therefore completing the below steps is considered a Skill Test in order to qualify. When the College receives full tuition from your first referral, you will be considered a Student Recruiter.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35061629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b4b4f4e6bdfb61eae3dc5ddedac8148" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55028122,"asset_id":35061629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55028122/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="345752" href="https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran">Daniel M Keeran MSW</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="345752" type="text/json">{"id":345752,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Keeran MSW","domain_name":"collegemhc","page_name":"DanielKeeran","display_name":"Daniel M Keeran MSW","profile_url":"https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/345752/94042/30134256/s65_daniel.keeran_msw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35061629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35061629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35061629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35061629", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35061629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35061629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35061629"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35061629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35061629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35061629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35061629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35061629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35061629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35061629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">47</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Writing">Creative Writing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1" type="text/json">{"id":1,"name":"Creative Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Writing?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism">Buddhism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113" type="text/json">{"id":113,"name":"Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35061629]'), work: {"id":35061629,"title":"Contract Opportunity with the College of Mental Health Counselling (download)","created_at":"2017-11-05T15:29:45.704-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35061629/Contract_Opportunity_with_the_College_of_Mental_Health_Counselling_download_?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_35061629","summary":"In order to accept this Student Recruiter agreement with the College of Mental Health Counselling, you must believe in and agree with the value of learning about counselling through the online course described at www.ctihalifax.com, and you must act in good faith accepting that the College will remunerate you as per the terms of this agreement in #5 below. Because a Student Recruiter must communicate the following, therefore completing the below steps is considered a Skill Test in order to qualify. When the College receives full tuition from your first referral, you will be considered a Student Recruiter.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55028122,"asset_id":35061629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":345752,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Keeran MSW","domain_name":"collegemhc","page_name":"DanielKeeran","display_name":"Daniel M Keeran MSW","profile_url":"https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/345752/94042/30134256/s65_daniel.keeran_msw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1,"name":"Creative Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Writing?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":113,"name":"Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":243,"name":"Positive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positive_Psychology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=12108"},{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=12108"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":869,"name":"Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography?f_ri=12108"},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=12108"},{"id":927,"name":"Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_or_Aboriginal_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":951,"name":"Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanities?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":2243,"name":"Counseling Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counseling_Psychology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=12108"},{"id":2841,"name":"Career Guidance Counseling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Career_Guidance_Counseling?f_ri=12108"},{"id":3279,"name":"Psychotherapy and Counseling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotherapy_and_Counseling?f_ri=12108"},{"id":3474,"name":"Community Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development?f_ri=12108"},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=12108"},{"id":3815,"name":"Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spirituality?f_ri=12108"},{"id":4455,"name":"Medical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education?f_ri=12108"},{"id":5959,"name":"Monastic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monastic_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":6528,"name":"Biblical Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biblical_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":6535,"name":"Psychiatric \u0026 Mental Health Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_and_Mental_Health_Nursing?f_ri=12108"},{"id":7904,"name":"Humanistic psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humanistic_psychology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=12108"},{"id":9540,"name":"Mental Health Counseling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health_Counseling?f_ri=12108"},{"id":10091,"name":"Byzantine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Byzantine_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":10695,"name":"Catholic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholic_Theology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":14270,"name":"Chaplaincy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chaplaincy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":15869,"name":"Online Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Learning?f_ri=12108"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=12108"},{"id":21987,"name":"Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monasticism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":24625,"name":"Employment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Employment?f_ri=12108"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=12108"},{"id":37905,"name":"Counseling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counseling?f_ri=12108"},{"id":37930,"name":"Human Services \u0026 Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Services_and_Social_Work?f_ri=12108"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=12108"},{"id":56132,"name":"Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students?f_ri=12108"},{"id":145748,"name":"Sales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sales?f_ri=12108"},{"id":151342,"name":"Self-Employment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Employment?f_ri=12108"},{"id":186221,"name":"Student recruitment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_recruitment?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10635786" data-work_id="10635786" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10635786/Paradoxes_of_Prosperity_in_China_s_New_Capitalism">Paradoxes of Prosperity in China’s New Capitalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article gives a broad characterization of China’s political economy, as well as specific aspects of its socio-economic instabilities. With a focus on China’s export-oriented industry sectors, concepts from comparative and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10635786" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article gives a broad characterization of China’s political economy, as well as specific aspects of its socio-economic instabilities. With a focus on China’s export-oriented industry sectors, concepts from comparative and international political economy are applied to show how the Chinese economy can be understood as a variegated form of state- permeated capitalism that at the same time is deeply integrated into world economic processes. The article goes on to portray the socio-eco- nomic dynamics, as well as the instabilities of China’s new capitalism, that are at the root of the state leadership’s attempts to turn away from a one-sided model of export and investment-driven growth. Thereby, a number of obstacles are revealed for the “rebalancing” of the economy: a continued dependence on exports, a lack of domestic consumer de- mand which impedes a significant “social” upgrading, the ongoing low- wage model for which there is no end in sight, the limits of the state’s steering capacity and the weaknesses of its fragmented, competition- driven structure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10635786" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48c91c1a9578eadf6a8aa3a300c7949d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36569506,"asset_id":10635786,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36569506/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25653099" href="https://constructor.academia.edu/TobiastenBrink">Tobias ten Brink</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25653099" type="text/json">{"id":25653099,"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"ten Brink","domain_name":"constructor","page_name":"TobiastenBrink","display_name":"Tobias ten Brink","profile_url":"https://constructor.academia.edu/TobiastenBrink?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25653099/7009853/7903359/s65_tobias.ten_brink.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10635786 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10635786"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10635786, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10635786", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10635786 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10635786; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10635786"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10635786 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10635786"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10635786; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10635786]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10635786").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10635786").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10635786"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9705" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism">Capitalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9705" type="text/json">{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development">Economic Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11395" type="text/json">{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="81606" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Capitalism">Comparative Capitalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="81606" type="text/json">{"id":81606,"name":"Comparative Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Capitalism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10635786]'), work: {"id":10635786,"title":"Paradoxes of Prosperity in China’s New Capitalism","created_at":"2015-02-09T03:34:18.387-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10635786/Paradoxes_of_Prosperity_in_China_s_New_Capitalism?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_10635786","summary":" This article gives a broad characterization of China’s political economy, as well as specific aspects of its socio-economic instabilities. With a focus on China’s export-oriented industry sectors, concepts from comparative and international political economy are applied to show how the Chinese economy can be understood as a variegated form of state- permeated capitalism that at the same time is deeply integrated into world economic processes. The article goes on to portray the socio-eco- nomic dynamics, as well as the instabilities of China’s new capitalism, that are at the root of the state leadership’s attempts to turn away from a one-sided model of export and investment-driven growth. Thereby, a number of obstacles are revealed for the “rebalancing” of the economy: a continued dependence on exports, a lack of domestic consumer de- mand which impedes a significant “social” upgrading, the ongoing low- wage model for which there is no end in sight, the limits of the state’s steering capacity and the weaknesses of its fragmented, competition- driven structure. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36569506,"asset_id":10635786,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25653099,"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"ten Brink","domain_name":"constructor","page_name":"TobiastenBrink","display_name":"Tobias ten Brink","profile_url":"https://constructor.academia.edu/TobiastenBrink?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25653099/7009853/7903359/s65_tobias.ten_brink.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":81606,"name":"Comparative Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Capitalism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":90295,"name":"State Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Policy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":218172,"name":"State capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_capitalism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1338271,"name":"Chinese Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Capitalism?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44403495" data-work_id="44403495" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44403495/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy_Why_we_all_need_to_change_the_way_we_look_at_China">Wolf warrior diplomacy : Why we all need to change the way we look at China</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The novel coronavirus — which, after originating in China, has gone on to wreak havoc around the planet partly because of Beijing’s failure to promptly share all the information it had about the initial outbreak — is changing the way the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44403495" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The novel coronavirus — which, after originating in China, has gone on to wreak havoc around the planet partly because of Beijing’s failure to promptly share all the information it had about the initial outbreak — is changing the way the world looks at China.<br /><br />Beijing has been accused of shirking its obligations to the World Health Organization. It hasn’t helped its case lately by pushing internationally what Chinese patriots have applauded online as “wolf warrior diplomacy” : a campaign of strident propaganda, trying to shift the blame and threatening to restrict exports of critical medical supplies. <br /><br />The debate that has been unleashed over the effectiveness and truthfulness of China’s local, regional and national response to the virus has been an eye opener for many</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44403495" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="573e45783b5361dcd0cb41694a2613de" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64812494,"asset_id":44403495,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64812494/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="147988539" href="https://dr.academia.edu/RobinAshby">Robin Ashby UK</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="147988539" type="text/json">{"id":147988539,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Ashby UK","domain_name":"dr","page_name":"RobinAshby","display_name":"Robin Ashby UK","profile_url":"https://dr.academia.edu/RobinAshby?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147988539/42279760/33978103/s65_robin.ashby.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44403495 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44403495"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44403495, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44403495", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44403495 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44403495; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44403495"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44403495 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44403495"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44403495; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44403495]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44403495").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44403495").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44403495"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3607537" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U_K_Defence_Forum">U K Defence Forum</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3607537" type="text/json">{"id":3607537,"name":"U K Defence Forum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U_K_Defence_Forum?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3650541" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/wolf_warrior_diplomacy">wolf warrior diplomacy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3650541" type="text/json">{"id":3650541,"name":"wolf warrior diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/wolf_warrior_diplomacy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3704895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defence_Viewpoints">Defence Viewpoints</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3704895" type="text/json">{"id":3704895,"name":"Defence Viewpoints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defence_Viewpoints?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44403495]'), work: {"id":44403495,"title":"Wolf warrior diplomacy : Why we all need to change the way we look at China","created_at":"2020-10-30T15:33:52.935-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44403495/Wolf_warrior_diplomacy_Why_we_all_need_to_change_the_way_we_look_at_China?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_44403495","summary":"The novel coronavirus — which, after originating in China, has gone on to wreak havoc around the planet partly because of Beijing’s failure to promptly share all the information it had about the initial outbreak — is changing the way the world looks at China.\n\nBeijing has been accused of shirking its obligations to the World Health Organization. It hasn’t helped its case lately by pushing internationally what Chinese patriots have applauded online as “wolf warrior diplomacy” : a campaign of strident propaganda, trying to shift the blame and threatening to restrict exports of critical medical supplies. \n\nThe debate that has been unleashed over the effectiveness and truthfulness of China’s local, regional and national response to the virus has been an eye opener for many\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64812494,"asset_id":44403495,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":147988539,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Ashby UK","domain_name":"dr","page_name":"RobinAshby","display_name":"Robin Ashby UK","profile_url":"https://dr.academia.edu/RobinAshby?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147988539/42279760/33978103/s65_robin.ashby.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":3607537,"name":"U K Defence Forum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U_K_Defence_Forum?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":3650541,"name":"wolf warrior diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/wolf_warrior_diplomacy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":3704895,"name":"Defence Viewpoints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defence_Viewpoints?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44699512" data-work_id="44699512" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44699512/African_Transnational_Mobility_in_China_Africans_on_the_Move_Introduction">African Transnational Mobility in China: Africans on the Move - Introduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Considering the African presence in China from an ethnographic and cultural studies perspective, this book offers a new way to theorise contemporary and future forms of transnational mobilities while expanding our understandings around... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44699512" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Considering the African presence in China from an ethnographic and cultural studies perspective, this book offers a new way to theorise contemporary and future forms of transnational mobilities while expanding our understandings around the transformations happening in both China and Africa. The book develops an original argument and new theoretical insights about the significance of the African presence in Guangzhou, and presents an invaluable case study for understanding particular modes of transnational mobility. More broadly, it challenges forms of (re)presenting and producing knowledge about subjects on the move; and it transforms existing theorisations and critical understandings of mobility and its shaping power. Through an ethnographic approach, the volume brings us closer to a number of practices, features and objects that, while characterising the lives of Africans in Guangzhou, are also evidence of the interplay between individual aspirations, and the structural constraints embedded in contemporary regimes of transnational mobility. Raising critical questions about ways of (un)belonging in the precarious settings of neoliberal modernity and the future of African mobilities, this book will be of interest to scholars of transnational, African and Chinese Studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44699512" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6bd98ed9789a2c605e136624d2c931ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65419516,"asset_id":44699512,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65419516/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="489166" href="https://ln.academia.edu/RobertoCastillo">Roberto Castillo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="489166" type="text/json">{"id":489166,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Castillo","domain_name":"ln","page_name":"RobertoCastillo","display_name":"Roberto Castillo","profile_url":"https://ln.academia.edu/RobertoCastillo?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/489166/1134646/15916590/s65_roberto.castillo.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44699512 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44699512"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44699512, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44699512", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44699512 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44699512; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44699512"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44699512 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44699512"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44699512; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44699512]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44699512").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44699512").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44699512"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2793" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism">Transnationalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2793" type="text/json">{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44699512]'), work: {"id":44699512,"title":"African Transnational Mobility in China: Africans on the Move - Introduction","created_at":"2020-12-14T01:25:21.892-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44699512/African_Transnational_Mobility_in_China_Africans_on_the_Move_Introduction?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_44699512","summary":"Considering the African presence in China from an ethnographic and cultural studies perspective, this book offers a new way to theorise contemporary and future forms of transnational mobilities while expanding our understandings around the transformations happening in both China and Africa. The book develops an original argument and new theoretical insights about the significance of the African presence in Guangzhou, and presents an invaluable case study for understanding particular modes of transnational mobility. More broadly, it challenges forms of (re)presenting and producing knowledge about subjects on the move; and it transforms existing theorisations and critical understandings of mobility and its shaping power. Through an ethnographic approach, the volume brings us closer to a number of practices, features and objects that, while characterising the lives of Africans in Guangzhou, are also evidence of the interplay between individual aspirations, and the structural constraints embedded in contemporary regimes of transnational mobility. Raising critical questions about ways of (un)belonging in the precarious settings of neoliberal modernity and the future of African mobilities, this book will be of interest to scholars of transnational, African and Chinese Studies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65419516,"asset_id":44699512,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":489166,"first_name":"Roberto","last_name":"Castillo","domain_name":"ln","page_name":"RobertoCastillo","display_name":"Roberto Castillo","profile_url":"https://ln.academia.edu/RobertoCastillo?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/489166/1134646/15916590/s65_roberto.castillo.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2793,"name":"Transnationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnationalism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":16472,"name":"Transnational migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_migration?f_ri=12108"},{"id":94452,"name":"Africans in China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africans_in_China?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37366721" data-work_id="37366721" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37366721/2018_Review_of_Wu_Xiaolong_Material_Culture_Power_and_Identity_in_Ancient_China">2018 Review of Wu Xiaolong, Material Culture, Power, and Identity in Ancient China</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">My review of Wu Xiaolong, Material Culture, Power, and Identity in Ancient China (Cambridge 2017).  Published in Journal of Asian Studies 77.3 (2018): 791-792.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37366721" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab4f576a87a212cbc101411d47962f5d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57328333,"asset_id":37366721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57328333/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3385622" href="https://huji.academia.edu/yuripines">Yuri Pines 尤銳</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3385622" type="text/json">{"id":3385622,"first_name":"Yuri","last_name":"Pines 尤銳","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"yuripines","display_name":"Yuri Pines 尤銳","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/yuripines?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3385622/1143419/1432298/s65_yuri.pines.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37366721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37366721"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37366721, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37366721", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37366721]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37366721").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37366721").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37366721"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2190" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies">Chinese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2190" type="text/json">{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2839" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology">Sinology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2839" type="text/json">{"id":2839,"name":"Sinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Identity">Cultural Identity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9650" type="text/json">{"id":9650,"name":"Cultural Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Identity?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37366721]'), work: {"id":37366721,"title":"2018 Review of Wu Xiaolong, Material Culture, Power, and Identity in Ancient China","created_at":"2018-09-08T20:25:53.754-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37366721/2018_Review_of_Wu_Xiaolong_Material_Culture_Power_and_Identity_in_Ancient_China?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_37366721","summary":"My review of Wu Xiaolong, Material Culture, Power, and Identity in Ancient China (Cambridge 2017). Published in Journal of Asian Studies 77.3 (2018): 791-792.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57328333,"asset_id":37366721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3385622,"first_name":"Yuri","last_name":"Pines 尤銳","domain_name":"huji","page_name":"yuripines","display_name":"Yuri Pines 尤銳","profile_url":"https://huji.academia.edu/yuripines?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3385622/1143419/1432298/s65_yuri.pines.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2839,"name":"Sinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":9650,"name":"Cultural Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Identity?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":24516,"name":"Chinese archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_archaeology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":24517,"name":"Early China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":68911,"name":"Early Chinese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Chinese_History?f_ri=12108"},{"id":980472,"name":"Chinese Ethnic Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Ethnic_Minorities?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16866237" data-work_id="16866237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16866237/The_combined_transportation_as_a_background_for_establishment_of_a_new_railway_corridor_China_Kyrgyzstan_Uzbekistan">The combined transportation as a background for establishment of a new railway corridor China - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This article is devoted to the problems of formulation the transport corridors between People's Republic of China and European Union with involving Central Asian states.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16866237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3343f4f96d0d4d7f9d792b1e751d3cf9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39226301,"asset_id":16866237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39226301/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24432085" href="https://tashiit.academia.edu/HusanTurdiev">Husan Turdiev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24432085" type="text/json">{"id":24432085,"first_name":"Husan","last_name":"Turdiev","domain_name":"tashiit","page_name":"HusanTurdiev","display_name":"Husan Turdiev","profile_url":"https://tashiit.academia.edu/HusanTurdiev?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24432085/7199366/8105693/s65_husan.turdiev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16866237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16866237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16866237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16866237", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16866237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16866237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16866237").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16866237").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16866237"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="727" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics">Development Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="727" type="text/json">{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16866237]'), work: {"id":16866237,"title":"The combined transportation as a background for establishment of a new railway corridor China - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan","created_at":"2015-10-16T02:15:01.907-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16866237/The_combined_transportation_as_a_background_for_establishment_of_a_new_railway_corridor_China_Kyrgyzstan_Uzbekistan?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_16866237","summary":"This article is devoted to the problems of formulation the transport corridors between People's Republic of China and European Union with involving Central Asian states.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39226301,"asset_id":16866237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24432085,"first_name":"Husan","last_name":"Turdiev","domain_name":"tashiit","page_name":"HusanTurdiev","display_name":"Husan Turdiev","profile_url":"https://tashiit.academia.edu/HusanTurdiev?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24432085/7199366/8105693/s65_husan.turdiev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International 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href="https://www.academia.edu/70594736/Emerging_Economies_Need_for_Cheap_Efficient_Health_Care_Makes_Western_Anti_Homeopathy_Rhetoric_Irrelevant_Observations_from_the_Canadian_Homeopathy_Conference_October_2011">Emerging Economies' Need for Cheap, Efficient Health Care Makes Western Anti-Homeopathy Rhetoric Irrelevant: Observations from the Canadian Homeopathy Conference, October 2011</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70594736" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b91bea80bc635d69bbe6a2d0d2af74a" rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4085" type="text/json">{"id":4085,"name":"Homeopathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homeopathy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70594736]'), work: {"id":70594736,"title":"Emerging Economies' Need for Cheap, Efficient Health Care Makes Western Anti-Homeopathy Rhetoric Irrelevant: Observations from the Canadian Homeopathy Conference, October 2011","created_at":"2022-02-05T13:04:28.412-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70594736/Emerging_Economies_Need_for_Cheap_Efficient_Health_Care_Makes_Western_Anti_Homeopathy_Rhetoric_Irrelevant_Observations_from_the_Canadian_Homeopathy_Conference_October_2011?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_70594736","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80281547,"asset_id":70594736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10355858,"first_name":"Karen","last_name":"Wehrstein","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarenWehrstein","display_name":"Karen 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63291618" data-work_id="63291618" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63291618/China_Democracy_That_Works_2021_">China: Democracy That Works (2021)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">China's State Council Information Office on Saturday released a white paper titled "China: Democracy That Works." <br /><a href="https://news.cgtn.com/news/whitepaper/China+Democracy+That+Works.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://news.cgtn.com/news/whitepaper/China+Democracy+That+Works.pdf</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13725" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Going_Global">China Going Global</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13725" type="text/json">{"id":13725,"name":"China Going Global","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Going_Global?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20602" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies">China studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20602" type="text/json">{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122557" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_and_Contemporary_China">Modern and Contemporary China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="122557" type="text/json">{"id":122557,"name":"Modern and Contemporary China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_and_Contemporary_China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63291618]'), work: {"id":63291618,"title":"China: Democracy That Works (2021)","created_at":"2021-12-05T18:20:00.444-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63291618/China_Democracy_That_Works_2021_?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_63291618","summary":"China's State Council Information Office on Saturday released a white paper titled \"China: Democracy That Works.\" \nhttps://news.cgtn.com/news/whitepaper/China+Democracy+That+Works.pdf ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75768309,"asset_id":63291618,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7851066,"first_name":"Paulo Roberto","last_name":"de 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data-work_id="36390217" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36390217/Regulating_old_towns_The_battle_for_the_tourist_yuan">Regulating old towns: The battle for the tourist yuan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">FOR LIJIANG OLD TOWN 丽江古城, 1 June 2016 was not a happy day. More than 800 hostels, guesthouses, and shops refused to open their doors. They had made a collective decision to protest against the local government’s insistence that they... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36390217" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">FOR LIJIANG OLD TOWN 丽江古城, 1 June 2016 was not a happy day. More than 800 hostels, guesthouses, and shops refused to open their doors. They had made a collective decision to protest against the local government’s insistence that they collect an eighty-yuan ‘conservation fee’ 维护费 from foreign and domestic tourists. The shop owners, mainly migrants from other parts of China, complained that the seemingly arbitrary nature of the request was hurting business. The three-day protest resulted in a dramatic decrease in tourist numbers —transforming this popular vacation spot into a ghost town.Places like Lijiang easily become stereotyped ‘theme parks’ in which local communities play a marginal role, entangled in the battle between local bureaucracies and business. It is in this struggle that old towns lose the very core of their cultural value.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36390217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4a35f04e3f6ed25f30287fd855929162" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56300639,"asset_id":36390217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56300639/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1803714" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/YujieZhu">Yujie Zhu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1803714" type="text/json">{"id":1803714,"first_name":"Yujie","last_name":"Zhu","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"YujieZhu","display_name":"Yujie Zhu","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/YujieZhu?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1803714/616341/18571406/s65_yujie.zhu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36390217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36390217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36390217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36390217", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36390217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36390217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36390217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36390217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="909" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies">Tourism Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="909" type="text/json">{"id":909,"name":"Tourism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage">Cultural Heritage</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2132" type="text/json">{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2809" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation">Conservation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2809" type="text/json">{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36390217]'), work: {"id":36390217,"title":"Regulating old towns: The battle for the tourist yuan","created_at":"2018-04-12T00:13:38.460-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36390217/Regulating_old_towns_The_battle_for_the_tourist_yuan?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_36390217","summary":"FOR LIJIANG OLD TOWN 丽江古城, 1 June 2016 was not a happy day. More than 800 hostels, guesthouses, and shops refused to open their doors. They had made a collective decision to protest against the local government’s insistence that they collect an eighty-yuan ‘conservation fee’ 维护费 from foreign and domestic tourists. The shop owners, mainly migrants from other parts of China, complained that the seemingly arbitrary nature of the request was hurting business. The three-day protest resulted in a dramatic decrease in tourist numbers —transforming this popular vacation spot into a ghost town.Places like Lijiang easily become stereotyped ‘theme parks’ in which local communities play a marginal role, entangled in the battle between local bureaucracies and business. It is in this struggle that old towns lose the very core of their cultural value.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56300639,"asset_id":36390217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1803714,"first_name":"Yujie","last_name":"Zhu","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"YujieZhu","display_name":"Yujie Zhu","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/YujieZhu?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1803714/616341/18571406/s65_yujie.zhu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":909,"name":"Tourism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tourism_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2132,"name":"Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2809,"name":"Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":3474,"name":"Community Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Development?f_ri=12108"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11124547" data-work_id="11124547" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11124547/Ethnic_Identity_in_Tang_China">Ethnic Identity in Tang China</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11124547" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a437cf60046f47bd151cbbe448215753" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36787277,"asset_id":11124547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36787277/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26867289" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/YIMENGFENG">YIMENG FENG</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26867289" type="text/json">{"id":26867289,"first_name":"YIMENG","last_name":"FENG","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"YIMENGFENG","display_name":"YIMENG FENG","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/YIMENGFENG?f_ri=12108","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11124547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11124547"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11124547, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11124547", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11124547]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11124547").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11124547").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11124547"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="113" type="text/json">{"id":113,"name":"Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2190" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies">Chinese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2190" type="text/json">{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2839" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology">Sinology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2839" type="text/json">{"id":2839,"name":"Sinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11124547]'), work: {"id":11124547,"title":"Ethnic Identity in Tang China","created_at":"2015-02-26T15:17:39.164-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11124547/Ethnic_Identity_in_Tang_China?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_11124547","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36787277,"asset_id":11124547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26867289,"first_name":"YIMENG","last_name":"FENG","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"YIMENGFENG","display_name":"YIMENG FENG","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/YIMENGFENG?f_ri=12108","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":113,"name":"Buddhism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2839,"name":"Sinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2906,"name":"Buddhist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhist_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40353040 coauthored" data-work_id="40353040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40353040/The_Red_Star_and_the_Crescent_China_and_the_Middle_East">The Red Star and the Crescent China and the Middle East</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This book provides an in-depth and multi-disciplinary analysis of the evolving relationship between China and the Middle East. Despite its increasing importance, very few studies have examined this dynamic, deepening, and multi-faceted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40353040" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This book provides an in-depth and multi-disciplinary analysis of the evolving relationship between China and the Middle East. Despite its increasing importance, very few studies have examined this dynamic, deepening, and multi-faceted nexus. James Reardon-Anderson has sought to fill this critical gap. The volume examines the ‘big picture’ of international relations, then zooms in on case studies and probes the underlying domestic factors on each side. Reardon-Anderson tackles topics as diverse as China’s security strategy in the Middle East, its military relations with the states of the region, its role in the Iran nuclear negotiations, the Uyghur question, and the significance and consequences of the Silk Road strategy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40353040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5643c15af5eb1e4ba84e6af23f99a21f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60598506,"asset_id":40353040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60598506/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3572555" href="https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS">Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3572555" type="text/json">{"id":3572555,"first_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies","last_name":"(CIRS)","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3572555/1238662/35132689/s65_center_for_international_and_regional_studies._cirs_.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40353040">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40353040"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesReardonAnderson">James Reardon-Anderson</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/MehranKamrava">Mehran Kamrava</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenBlank2">Stephen Blank</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40353040'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40353040').html(); 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Despite its increasing importance, very few studies have examined this dynamic, deepening, and multi-faceted nexus. James Reardon-Anderson has sought to fill this critical gap. The volume examines the ‘big picture’ of international relations, then zooms in on case studies and probes the underlying domestic factors on each side. Reardon-Anderson tackles topics as diverse as China’s security strategy in the Middle East, its military relations with the states of the region, its role in the Iran nuclear negotiations, the Uyghur question, and the significance and consequences of the Silk Road strategy. 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A HISTORIOGRAFIA PORTUGUESA SOBRE MACAU E A CHINA de 1900 a 1960 (Resenha global e judicativa)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37788889" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51810b6011addda6b83f3f9427262041" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57786347,"asset_id":37788889,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57786347/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7352682" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FilipeCarvalho1">Filipe Nunes de Carvalho</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7352682" type="text/json">{"id":7352682,"first_name":"Filipe","last_name":"Nunes de Carvalho","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FilipeCarvalho1","display_name":"Filipe Nunes de Carvalho","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FilipeCarvalho1?f_ri=12108","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37788889 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37788889"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37788889, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37788889", }); 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Soft Power Chino y Diplomacia Pública: Un análisis de comunicación política hacia América del Sur. En: Caldevilla, D. (Edit). Unidos por la Comunicación: Libro de Actas del Congreso Internacional Latina de Comunicación... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49034531" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Sánchez, S (2020). Soft Power Chino y Diplomacia Pública: Un análisis de comunicación política hacia América del Sur. En: Caldevilla, D. (Edit). Unidos por la Comunicación: Libro de Actas del Congreso Internacional Latina de Comunicación Social 2020. Madrid: Editorial Historia de los Sistemas Informativos.<br /><a href="https://congresolatina.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/LIBRO-DE-ACTAS-CON-COMITE.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://congresolatina.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/LIBRO-DE-ACTAS-CON-COMITE.pdf</a> <br />ISBN: 978-84-09-25842-0</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49034531" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fdb111380afda9c8a487bab0c16a1b0c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67417837,"asset_id":49034531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67417837/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4089423" href="https://usach.academia.edu/Sebasti%C3%A1nS%C3%A1nchezGonz%C3%A1lez">Sebastián Sánchez González</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4089423" type="text/json">{"id":4089423,"first_name":"Sebastián","last_name":"Sánchez González","domain_name":"usach","page_name":"SebastiánSánchezGonzález","display_name":"Sebastián Sánchez González","profile_url":"https://usach.academia.edu/Sebasti%C3%A1nS%C3%A1nchezGonz%C3%A1lez?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4089423/1991317/2350884/s65_sebasti_n.s_nchez_gonz_lez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49034531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49034531"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49034531, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49034531", }); 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Soft Power Chino y Diplomacia Pública: Un análisis de comunicación política hacia América del Sur. En: Caldevilla, D. (Edit). Unidos por la Comunicación: Libro de Actas del Congreso Internacional Latina de Comunicación Social 2020. Madrid: Editorial Historia de los Sistemas Informativos.\nhttps://congresolatina.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/LIBRO-DE-ACTAS-CON-COMITE.pdf \nISBN: 978-84-09-25842-0","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67417837,"asset_id":49034531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4089423,"first_name":"Sebastián","last_name":"Sánchez González","domain_name":"usach","page_name":"SebastiánSánchezGonzález","display_name":"Sebastián Sánchez González","profile_url":"https://usach.academia.edu/Sebasti%C3%A1nS%C3%A1nchezGonz%C3%A1lez?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4089423/1991317/2350884/s65_sebasti_n.s_nchez_gonz_lez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":71526,"name":"Soft Power and International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Power_and_International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":159995,"name":"América Latina","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Am%C3%A9rica_Latina?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":346010,"name":"América del Sur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/America_del_Sur?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":386451,"name":"Comunicación Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comunicaci%C3%B3n_Pol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=12108"},{"id":577380,"name":"Soft Power and Public Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Power_and_Public_Diplomacy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":764314,"name":"Diplomacia Pública","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomacia_Publica?f_ri=12108"},{"id":813499,"name":"Poder Blando","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poder_Blando?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4799209" data-work_id="4799209" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4799209/Globalization_Liberalism_and_Western_Concepts_of_Intellectual_Property_Law_A_Need_of_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_People_and_the_Cultural_Diversity_in_Contemporary_World">Globalization, Liberalism and Western Concepts of Intellectual Property Law : A Need of Protection of the Rights of Indigenous People and the Cultural Diversity in Contemporary World</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"The increasing sensibility regarding intangible cultural heritage provides momentum to better define a legal framework for the protection of these peculiar immaterial goods. This article questions whether the current intellectual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4799209" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"The increasing sensibility regarding intangible cultural heritage provides momentum to better define a legal framework for the protection of these peculiar immaterial goods. This article questions whether the current intellectual property rights (IPRs) regime represents an adequate model of protection vis-à-vis intangible cultural heritage. A plethora of caveats must be taken into consideration, starting with the desirability of the commodification of intangible cultural heritage, i.e. its exploitation and commercialization through the IPRs regime, but also including the outlining of the legal instruments needed for guaranteeing adequate advantages for the countries and communities representing the sources of origin of the intangible goods.  <br />After framing the crucial issues detected in literature regarding intangible cultural heritage, the article investigates the ways in which the actual IPRs regime grants protection to intangible goods. Our evaluation supports the idea that, without a many-faceted remodeling, current intellectual property laws represent an unsatisfactory mechanism for protecting intangible cultural heritage. This inadequacy is rooted in the inefficacy of IPRs under the patent and copyright regimes in ensuring the protection of cultural heritage, while also falling short of fostering an appropriate comprehensive social policy."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4799209" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dac1aa32afdb1421acb393842e9aad5d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32098233,"asset_id":4799209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32098233/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6021545" href="https://wvu.academia.edu/PaoloDavideFarah">Paolo Davide Farah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6021545" type="text/json">{"id":6021545,"first_name":"Paolo Davide","last_name":"Farah","domain_name":"wvu","page_name":"PaoloDavideFarah","display_name":"Paolo Davide Farah","profile_url":"https://wvu.academia.edu/PaoloDavideFarah?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6021545/2596226/3016412/s65_paolo_davide.farah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4799209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4799209"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4799209, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4799209", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4799209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4799209").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4799209").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4799209"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law">Islamic Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="540" type="text/json">{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="926" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies">Indigenous Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="926" type="text/json">{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="967" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property">Intellectual Property</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="967" type="text/json">{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1439" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1439" type="text/json">{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4799209]'), work: {"id":4799209,"title":"Globalization, Liberalism and Western Concepts of Intellectual Property Law : A Need of Protection of the Rights of Indigenous People and the Cultural Diversity in Contemporary World","created_at":"2013-10-17T04:23:50.762-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4799209/Globalization_Liberalism_and_Western_Concepts_of_Intellectual_Property_Law_A_Need_of_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_People_and_the_Cultural_Diversity_in_Contemporary_World?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_4799209","summary":"\"The increasing sensibility regarding intangible cultural heritage provides momentum to better define a legal framework for the protection of these peculiar immaterial goods. This article questions whether the current intellectual property rights (IPRs) regime represents an adequate model of protection vis-à-vis intangible cultural heritage. A plethora of caveats must be taken into consideration, starting with the desirability of the commodification of intangible cultural heritage, i.e. its exploitation and commercialization through the IPRs regime, but also including the outlining of the legal instruments needed for guaranteeing adequate advantages for the countries and communities representing the sources of origin of the intangible goods. \r\nAfter framing the crucial issues detected in literature regarding intangible cultural heritage, the article investigates the ways in which the actual IPRs regime grants protection to intangible goods. Our evaluation supports the idea that, without a many-faceted remodeling, current intellectual property laws represent an unsatisfactory mechanism for protecting intangible cultural heritage. This inadequacy is rooted in the inefficacy of IPRs under the patent and copyright regimes in ensuring the protection of cultural heritage, while also falling short of fostering an appropriate comprehensive social policy.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32098233,"asset_id":4799209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6021545,"first_name":"Paolo Davide","last_name":"Farah","domain_name":"wvu","page_name":"PaoloDavideFarah","display_name":"Paolo Davide Farah","profile_url":"https://wvu.academia.edu/PaoloDavideFarah?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6021545/2596226/3016412/s65_paolo_davide.farah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":540,"name":"Islamic Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Law?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":926,"name":"Indigenous Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2095,"name":"Corporate Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Law?f_ri=12108"},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=12108"},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":8331,"name":"Indigenous Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indigenous_Knowledge?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12281,"name":"Business Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Law?f_ri=12108"},{"id":13151,"name":"Intellectual Property Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_Law?f_ri=12108"},{"id":19287,"name":"International trade law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_trade_law?f_ri=12108"},{"id":21479,"name":"Cultural Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Diversity?f_ri=12108"},{"id":22464,"name":"Intellectual Property Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_Rights?f_ri=12108"},{"id":128406,"name":"Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Knowledge_and_Intellectual_Property_Rights?f_ri=12108"},{"id":175320,"name":"Indegenous People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indegenous_People?f_ri=12108"},{"id":476367,"name":"Preferential Trade Agreements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preferential_Trade_Agreements?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1223672,"name":"WTO/GATT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WTO_GATT?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1223673,"name":"Arab countries' integration into the global trading system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_countries_integration_into_the_global_trading_system?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1223674,"name":"Finance and banking law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_banking_law?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7143917" data-work_id="7143917" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7143917/Government_policy_and_firm_strategy_in_the_solar_photovoltaic_industry_U_C_V_Haley_and_D_A_Schuler_">Government policy and firm strategy in the solar photovoltaic industry (U.C.V. Haley & D.A. Schuler)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The solar photovoltaics (PV) industry would not exist without government policies. Governments around the world have implemented policies to support consumption of solar energy and production of solar PV products. These policies have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7143917" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The solar photovoltaics (PV) industry would not exist without government policies. Governments around the world have implemented  policies to support consumption  of solar energy and production of solar PV products. These policies have  varied  across countries  and  across time, thus contributing  to <br />regulatory uncertainty. This  article addresses two related questions. First, how does regulatory  uncertainty  in the solar PV industry shape  firms’ market and non-market strategies? Second, how might firms’ responses to this public-policy environment affect technolog- ical development and the locus of manufacturing? Government policies on solar PV, and firms’ strategies to over-come regulatory uncertainty, may have unintended consequences. Firms’ decisions on location and <br />technology development  may result in loss of employment  and national competitiveness for developed countries; and firms’ market strategies may increase regulatory uncertainty if they do <br />not involve non-market stakeholders. (Keywords: Government  and Business, Energy Policy, Public Policy, Green Manufacturing, Regulation, Corporate Strategy)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7143917" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02a372f7fedc2c1843f15c829cf1ce4d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33779697,"asset_id":7143917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33779697/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12326814" href="https://wichita.academia.edu/UshaHaley">Usha Haley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12326814" type="text/json">{"id":12326814,"first_name":"Usha","last_name":"Haley","domain_name":"wichita","page_name":"UshaHaley","display_name":"Usha Haley","profile_url":"https://wichita.academia.edu/UshaHaley?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12326814/3532995/18648077/s65_usha.haley.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7143917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7143917"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7143917, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7143917", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7143917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7143917; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7143917"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7143917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7143917"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7143917; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7143917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7143917").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7143917").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7143917"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2074" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business">International Business</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2074" type="text/json">{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2190" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies">Chinese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2190" type="text/json">{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2839" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology">Sinology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2839" type="text/json">{"id":2839,"name":"Sinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7143917]'), work: {"id":7143917,"title":"Government policy and firm strategy in the solar photovoltaic industry (U.C.V. Haley \u0026 D.A. Schuler)","created_at":"2014-05-24T03:34:04.086-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7143917/Government_policy_and_firm_strategy_in_the_solar_photovoltaic_industry_U_C_V_Haley_and_D_A_Schuler_?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_7143917","summary":"The solar photovoltaics (PV) industry would not exist without government policies. Governments around the world have implemented policies to support consumption of solar energy and production of solar PV products. These policies have varied across countries and across time, thus contributing to \r\nregulatory uncertainty. This article addresses two related questions. First, how does regulatory uncertainty in the solar PV industry shape firms’ market and non-market strategies? Second, how might firms’ responses to this public-policy environment affect technolog- ical development and the locus of manufacturing? Government policies on solar PV, and firms’ strategies to over-come regulatory uncertainty, may have unintended consequences. Firms’ decisions on location and \r\ntechnology development may result in loss of employment and national competitiveness for developed countries; and firms’ market strategies may increase regulatory uncertainty if they do \r\nnot involve non-market stakeholders. (Keywords: Government and Business, Energy Policy, Public Policy, Green Manufacturing, Regulation, Corporate Strategy)\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33779697,"asset_id":7143917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12326814,"first_name":"Usha","last_name":"Haley","domain_name":"wichita","page_name":"UshaHaley","display_name":"Usha Haley","profile_url":"https://wichita.academia.edu/UshaHaley?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12326814/3532995/18648077/s65_usha.haley.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2074,"name":"International Business","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Business?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2839,"name":"Sinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":11035,"name":"Regulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regulation?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":21168,"name":"Strategy (Business)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Business_?f_ri=12108"},{"id":51267,"name":"Corporate Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Strategy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":63431,"name":"Solar Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Energy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":162568,"name":"Green Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Manufacturing?f_ri=12108"},{"id":175633,"name":"Nonmarket Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonmarket_Strategy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":178667,"name":"Business Government and Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Government_and_Society?f_ri=12108"},{"id":394625,"name":"Subsidies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subsidies?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5009965" data-work_id="5009965" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5009965/Book_review_Xuefei_Ren_building_globalization">Book review - Xuefei Ren, building globalization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5009965" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="972f96b7cadfc65edf0a873f18fbac9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32247464,"asset_id":5009965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32247464/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3349146" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/Rapha%C3%ABlleRoffo">Raphaëlle Roffo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3349146" type="text/json">{"id":3349146,"first_name":"Raphaëlle","last_name":"Roffo","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"RaphaëlleRoffo","display_name":"Raphaëlle Roffo","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/Rapha%C3%ABlleRoffo?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3349146/1122236/35115013/s65_rapha_lle.roffo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5009965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5009965"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5009965, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5009965", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5009965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5009965; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5009965"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5009965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5009965"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5009965; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5009965]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5009965").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5009965").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5009965"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12420" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12420" type="text/json">{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_Reviews">Book Reviews</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48523" type="text/json">{"id":48523,"name":"Book Reviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_Reviews?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1175404" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Architecture">Transnational Architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1175404" type="text/json">{"id":1175404,"name":"Transnational Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Architecture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5009965]'), work: {"id":5009965,"title":"Book review - Xuefei Ren, building globalization","created_at":"2013-11-06T02:04:25.336-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5009965/Book_review_Xuefei_Ren_building_globalization?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_5009965","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32247464,"asset_id":5009965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3349146,"first_name":"Raphaëlle","last_name":"Roffo","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"RaphaëlleRoffo","display_name":"Raphaëlle Roffo","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/Rapha%C3%ABlleRoffo?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3349146/1122236/35115013/s65_rapha_lle.roffo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":48523,"name":"Book Reviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_Reviews?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":1175404,"name":"Transnational Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_Architecture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12736356" data-work_id="12736356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12736356/Digital_publishing_in_developing_countries">Digital publishing in developing countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">E-books, print on demand, online sales sites, the boom in mobile phones… new technologies are profoundly transforming the way texts circulate. Developing countries, however, which face serious limitations in infrastructure, have a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12736356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">E-books, print on demand, online sales sites, the boom in mobile phones… new technologies are profoundly transforming the way texts circulate. Developing countries, however, which face serious limitations in infrastructure, have a considerable challenge ahead of them. <br /> <br />What new actors are emerging in the countries of the South, outside of the powerful platforms already existing in the US, Europe and Japan? Is it conceivable that there may be an autonomous evolution of digital publications in developing countries, entirely independent of the richest nations? What support policies could be implemented to promote the growth of this new industry and accompany traditional actors in the process of adapting to the changes involved? <br /> <br />The digital experiences undertaken in the South suggest that new technologies represent a great opportunity for developing countries – particularly in terms of diffusion –, but on the condition that local entrepreneurs seek out original models adapted to the concrete needs of their communities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12736356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05789370b7da7d8d2d40b21615aa1f45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37798924,"asset_id":12736356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37798924/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26916090" href="https://uba.academia.edu/OctavioKulesz">Octavio Kulesz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26916090" type="text/json">{"id":26916090,"first_name":"Octavio","last_name":"Kulesz","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"OctavioKulesz","display_name":"Octavio Kulesz","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/OctavioKulesz?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26916090/7533909/29888187/s65_octavio.kulesz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12736356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12736356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12736356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12736356", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12736356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12736356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12736356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12736356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_publishing">Electronic publishing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2120" type="text/json">{"id":2120,"name":"Electronic publishing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_publishing?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12736356]'), work: {"id":12736356,"title":"Digital publishing in developing countries","created_at":"2015-06-01T17:27:25.897-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12736356/Digital_publishing_in_developing_countries?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_12736356","summary":"E-books, print on demand, online sales sites, the boom in mobile phones… new technologies are profoundly transforming the way texts circulate. Developing countries, however, which face serious limitations in infrastructure, have a considerable challenge ahead of them.\r\n\r\nWhat new actors are emerging in the countries of the South, outside of the powerful platforms already existing in the US, Europe and Japan? Is it conceivable that there may be an autonomous evolution of digital publications in developing countries, entirely independent of the richest nations? What support policies could be implemented to promote the growth of this new industry and accompany traditional actors in the process of adapting to the changes involved?\r\n\r\nThe digital experiences undertaken in the South suggest that new technologies represent a great opportunity for developing countries – particularly in terms of diffusion –, but on the condition that local entrepreneurs seek out original models adapted to the concrete needs of their communities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37798924,"asset_id":12736356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26916090,"first_name":"Octavio","last_name":"Kulesz","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"OctavioKulesz","display_name":"Octavio Kulesz","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/OctavioKulesz?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26916090/7533909/29888187/s65_octavio.kulesz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2120,"name":"Electronic publishing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_publishing?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":20601,"name":"Digital Publishing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Publishing?f_ri=12108"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=12108"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=12108"},{"id":49550,"name":"Arab world","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_world?f_ri=12108"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=12108"},{"id":909177,"name":"Indian Publishing Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Publishing_Industry?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78153473" data-work_id="78153473" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78153473/Baptism_in_Pauline_Literature_Words_and_Phrases">Baptism in Pauline Literature: Words and Phrases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From a close analysis of the idea of baptism in Pauline literature, one can identify the following conclusions: Paul nowhere identifies baptism in water as a work of merit that cannot save. Paul abundantly describes burial in water as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78153473" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From a close analysis of the idea of baptism in Pauline literature, one can identify the following conclusions: Paul nowhere identifies baptism in water as a work of merit that cannot save. Paul abundantly describes burial in water as best fulfilling his own description of baptism in Romans 6:4 and in Colossians 2:12. Paul describes baptism as a personal death of the one who is baptized, being "crucified with Him." This is similar to Peter's description of baptism as salvific and simultaneously, a pledge or promise to give up sin in ! Peter 3:21, as if it's a contract or agreement in which one agrees to give up sin while God in Christ forgives our past sins that He bore in his body on the cross in I Peter 2:24. Paul describes baptism as being buried and rising and being made alive with Christ. Hence, one is forgiven of past sins, circumcised not made with hands, include both male and female, performed by divine arrangement, and the Spirit is given as a gift, at that moment. Baptism is a personal conscious choice by the one baptized to enter a relationship with or being united with Christ. One is baptized into Christ and his death and in that moment one is forgiven, receives the Spirit as a gift, and is raised with Christ and made alive. So Paul who champions grace, nowhere describes baptism in water as a good work to be eschewed, relegated to a work of personal human merit. Let each party bring forth its prooftexts, and we shall conclude that there is no systematic or consistent theology in the Bible. Some think the Mashiach was to be a political or military leader but how does this view fit with the gentle, humble Yeshua who dies and is made aiive? Is there consistency in sacred scripture?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78153473" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2536953cffd005402edb893897760f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85443120,"asset_id":78153473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85443120/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="345752" href="https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran">Daniel M Keeran MSW</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="345752" type="text/json">{"id":345752,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Keeran MSW","domain_name":"collegemhc","page_name":"DanielKeeran","display_name":"Daniel M Keeran MSW","profile_url":"https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/345752/94042/30134256/s65_daniel.keeran_msw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78153473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78153473"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78153473, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78153473", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78153473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78153473").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78153473").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78153473"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences">Social Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1237" type="text/json">{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78153473]'), work: {"id":78153473,"title":"Baptism in Pauline Literature: Words and Phrases","created_at":"2022-05-01T14:43:19.313-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78153473/Baptism_in_Pauline_Literature_Words_and_Phrases?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_78153473","summary":"From a close analysis of the idea of baptism in Pauline literature, one can identify the following conclusions: Paul nowhere identifies baptism in water as a work of merit that cannot save. Paul abundantly describes burial in water as best fulfilling his own description of baptism in Romans 6:4 and in Colossians 2:12. Paul describes baptism as a personal death of the one who is baptized, being \"crucified with Him.\" This is similar to Peter's description of baptism as salvific and simultaneously, a pledge or promise to give up sin in ! Peter 3:21, as if it's a contract or agreement in which one agrees to give up sin while God in Christ forgives our past sins that He bore in his body on the cross in I Peter 2:24. Paul describes baptism as being buried and rising and being made alive with Christ. Hence, one is forgiven of past sins, circumcised not made with hands, include both male and female, performed by divine arrangement, and the Spirit is given as a gift, at that moment. Baptism is a personal conscious choice by the one baptized to enter a relationship with or being united with Christ. One is baptized into Christ and his death and in that moment one is forgiven, receives the Spirit as a gift, and is raised with Christ and made alive. So Paul who champions grace, nowhere describes baptism in water as a good work to be eschewed, relegated to a work of personal human merit. Let each party bring forth its prooftexts, and we shall conclude that there is no systematic or consistent theology in the Bible. Some think the Mashiach was to be a political or military leader but how does this view fit with the gentle, humble Yeshua who dies and is made aiive? Is there consistency in sacred scripture?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85443120,"asset_id":78153473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":345752,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Keeran MSW","domain_name":"collegemhc","page_name":"DanielKeeran","display_name":"Daniel M Keeran MSW","profile_url":"https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/345752/94042/30134256/s65_daniel.keeran_msw.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":5683,"name":"Baptist Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baptist_Theology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":7433,"name":"Pauline Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pauline_Literature?f_ri=12108"},{"id":9620,"name":"Ghana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ghana?f_ri=12108"},{"id":11647,"name":"Pentecostal Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pentecostal_Theology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12616,"name":"Baptism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baptism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":16833,"name":"Evangelicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evangelicalism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":20273,"name":"Doctrines of Grace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Doctrines_of_Grace?f_ri=12108"},{"id":33550,"name":"Evangelical Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evangelical_Theology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":38261,"name":"Pauline Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pauline_Theology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":86507,"name":"Nursing Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Education?f_ri=12108"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=12108"},{"id":145042,"name":"Pauline studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pauline_studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":153039,"name":"Nurses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nurses?f_ri=12108"},{"id":243803,"name":"Nurse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nurse?f_ri=12108"},{"id":579742,"name":"churches of Christ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/churches_of_Christ?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36130390" data-work_id="36130390" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36130390/Decoding_Alipay_Mobile_Payments_a_Cashless_Society_and_Regulatory_Challenges">Decoding Alipay: Mobile Payments, a Cashless Society and Regulatory Challenges</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The financial industry has witnessed the so-called “fintech revolution” in recent years. Due to the emergence of information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, blockchain and artificial intelligence, the landscape of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36130390" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The financial industry has witnessed the so-called “fintech revolution” in recent years. Due to the emergence of information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, blockchain and artificial intelligence, the landscape of the traditional financial industry has been largely transformed. The interplay between finance and technology has resulted in various new forms of financial services and products, like online P2P lending, digital-based banking, insurtech, bitcoin as well as the burgeoning mobile payment sector. Alipay, the mobile payment service arm of the Ant Financial Services Group (hereafter referred to as Ant Financial), is a perfect example to illustrate the ongoing fintech revolution and how it is disrupting the conventional retail banking model and payment industry. This article aims to introduce and analyse the world’s largest mobile payment system as well as some of the regulatory challenges it poses. It attempts to offer some guidance for legal practitioners in banking and finance, in particular, the multi-billion dollar fintech sector.<br /><br />Key points:<br />- Backed by the e-commerce giant Alibaba, Alipay has become the world’s largest mobile payment system. Together with Wechat Pay, they dominate China’s $5.7trn mobile payment sector. Alipay has a presence in over 70 countries including the UK, US, Japan, South Korea and Australia.<br />- Due to the popularisation of mobile payment facilities, many Chinese cities have become a cashless (and cardless) society, as 40% of Chinese people carry almost no cash when going out.<br />- Alipay relies on the Quick Response code (or QR code) technology, in contrast to the Near Field Communication (NFC) adopted by competitors like Apple Pay.<br />- Mobile payments and fintech have provoked debate as to legal and regulatory issues such as the regulatory approval regime, data protection, fund security and fintech financing. Most recently, China has set up a unified clearing house for all mobile payment service providers to strengthen the industry supervision.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36130390" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77b842f1829059f8af1fbb10da92ad13" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56023063,"asset_id":36130390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56023063/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13193627" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/LerongLu">Lerong Lu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13193627" type="text/json">{"id":13193627,"first_name":"Lerong","last_name":"Lu","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"LerongLu","display_name":"Lerong Lu","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/LerongLu?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13193627/11020613/52908779/s65_lerong.lu.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36130390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36130390"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36130390, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36130390", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36130390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36130390; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36130390"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36130390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36130390"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36130390; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36130390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36130390").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36130390").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36130390"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance">Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47" type="text/json">{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3490" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3490" type="text/json">{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6908" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking">Banking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6908" type="text/json">{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36130390]'), work: {"id":36130390,"title":"Decoding Alipay: Mobile Payments, a Cashless Society and Regulatory Challenges","created_at":"2018-03-11T04:42:03.215-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36130390/Decoding_Alipay_Mobile_Payments_a_Cashless_Society_and_Regulatory_Challenges?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_36130390","summary":"The financial industry has witnessed the so-called “fintech revolution” in recent years. Due to the emergence of information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, blockchain and artificial intelligence, the landscape of the traditional financial industry has been largely transformed. The interplay between finance and technology has resulted in various new forms of financial services and products, like online P2P lending, digital-based banking, insurtech, bitcoin as well as the burgeoning mobile payment sector. Alipay, the mobile payment service arm of the Ant Financial Services Group (hereafter referred to as Ant Financial), is a perfect example to illustrate the ongoing fintech revolution and how it is disrupting the conventional retail banking model and payment industry. This article aims to introduce and analyse the world’s largest mobile payment system as well as some of the regulatory challenges it poses. It attempts to offer some guidance for legal practitioners in banking and finance, in particular, the multi-billion dollar fintech sector.\n\nKey points:\n- Backed by the e-commerce giant Alibaba, Alipay has become the world’s largest mobile payment system. Together with Wechat Pay, they dominate China’s $5.7trn mobile payment sector. Alipay has a presence in over 70 countries including the UK, US, Japan, South Korea and Australia.\n- Due to the popularisation of mobile payment facilities, many Chinese cities have become a cashless (and cardless) society, as 40% of Chinese people carry almost no cash when going out.\n- Alipay relies on the Quick Response code (or QR code) technology, in contrast to the Near Field Communication (NFC) adopted by competitors like Apple Pay.\n- Mobile payments and fintech have provoked debate as to legal and regulatory issues such as the regulatory approval regime, data protection, fund security and fintech financing. Most recently, China has set up a unified clearing house for all mobile payment service providers to strengthen the industry supervision.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56023063,"asset_id":36130390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13193627,"first_name":"Lerong","last_name":"Lu","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"LerongLu","display_name":"Lerong Lu","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/LerongLu?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13193627/11020613/52908779/s65_lerong.lu.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":6908,"name":"Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":14863,"name":"Banking Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Banking_Law?f_ri=12108"},{"id":22698,"name":"International Financial Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Financial_Law?f_ri=12108"},{"id":27593,"name":"Payment Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Payment_Systems?f_ri=12108"},{"id":118623,"name":"Mobile Payments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Payments?f_ri=12108"},{"id":312695,"name":"Financial Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Technology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1594197,"name":"Fintech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fintech?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1608392,"name":"Alibaba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alibaba?f_ri=12108"},{"id":2784164,"name":"alipay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/alipay?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1075006" data-work_id="1075006" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1075006/The_Chairman_and_the_Emperor_Historiography_of_Qin_Shi_Huang_in_the_late_Cultural_Revolution_Period_1971_1976">The Chairman and the Emperor: Historiography of Qin Shi Huang in the late Cultural Revolution Period: 1971-1976</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The reign of Qin Shi Huang [259-210 BCE] is one of the most discussed in all of Chinese history. Tales of this emperor’s brutal first unification of China have been referenced by every major historian in Chinese history. Over time,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1075006" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The reign of Qin Shi Huang [259-210 BCE] is one of the most discussed in all of Chinese history.  Tales of this emperor’s brutal first unification of China have been referenced by every major historian in Chinese history.  Over time, appraisals of Qin Shi Huang became a way that Chinese intellectuals could discuss contemporary politics under the ever present eye of the censor.  However, the Cultural Revolution of Mao Zedong [1893-1976 CE] sent that lively historiography into an unprecedented ideological frenzy.  Every major figure, event, and system of the Qin era was politicized and analogized to their contemporaneous counterparts.  Above all, the central analogy of Mao Zedong to Qin Shi Huang necessitated an unyielding defense of the Qin.  The way the ideological historians of this period dealt with this long-passed era sheds dramatic light on the elite politics, the fractional infighting and the debates of the People’s Republic of China in 1973.  Moreover, it also reflects the timeless and powerful relationship between China and its history.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1075006" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d78e2e2ea742844ff9c74f6f5a773362" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6581043,"asset_id":1075006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6581043/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="923616" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThiagoBuchert">Thiago Buchert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="923616" type="text/json">{"id":923616,"first_name":"Thiago","last_name":"Buchert","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThiagoBuchert","display_name":"Thiago Buchert","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThiagoBuchert?f_ri=12108","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1075006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1075006"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1075006, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1075006", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1075006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1075006; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1075006"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1075006 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1075006"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1075006; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1075006]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1075006").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1075006").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1075006"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography">Historiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3524" type="text/json">{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1075006]'), work: {"id":1075006,"title":"The Chairman and the Emperor: Historiography of Qin Shi Huang in the late Cultural Revolution Period: 1971-1976","created_at":"2011-11-08T07:45:15.797-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1075006/The_Chairman_and_the_Emperor_Historiography_of_Qin_Shi_Huang_in_the_late_Cultural_Revolution_Period_1971_1976?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_1075006","summary":"The reign of Qin Shi Huang [259-210 BCE] is one of the most discussed in all of Chinese history. Tales of this emperor’s brutal first unification of China have been referenced by every major historian in Chinese history. Over time, appraisals of Qin Shi Huang became a way that Chinese intellectuals could discuss contemporary politics under the ever present eye of the censor. However, the Cultural Revolution of Mao Zedong [1893-1976 CE] sent that lively historiography into an unprecedented ideological frenzy. Every major figure, event, and system of the Qin era was politicized and analogized to their contemporaneous counterparts. Above all, the central analogy of Mao Zedong to Qin Shi Huang necessitated an unyielding defense of the Qin. The way the ideological historians of this period dealt with this long-passed era sheds dramatic light on the elite politics, the fractional infighting and the debates of the People’s Republic of China in 1973. Moreover, it also reflects the timeless and powerful relationship between China and its history.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6581043,"asset_id":1075006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":923616,"first_name":"Thiago","last_name":"Buchert","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThiagoBuchert","display_name":"Thiago Buchert","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ThiagoBuchert?f_ri=12108","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39706481" data-work_id="39706481" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39706481/CAO_Weihong_%E6%9B%B9%E8%A1%9B%E7%B4%85">CAO Weihong, 曹衛紅</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">These works of art by her are presented here to illustrate my research paper:<br />‘Soft Power: Chinese Women Artists & the Female Body’<br />软实力: 中国女艺术家和女身体</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39706481" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3269415483e1ccc5cb605be0d0c90db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59878564,"asset_id":39706481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59878564/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="676452" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/RoyForward">Roy Forward</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="676452" type="text/json">{"id":676452,"first_name":"Roy","last_name":"Forward","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"RoyForward","display_name":"Roy Forward","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/RoyForward?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/676452/235313/3613992/s65_roy.forward.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39706481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39706481"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39706481, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39706481", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39706481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39706481; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39706481"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39706481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39706481"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39706481; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39706481]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39706481").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39706481").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39706481"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2190" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies">Chinese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2190" type="text/json">{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8228" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Art">Chinese Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8228" type="text/json">{"id":8228,"name":"Chinese Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Art?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16240" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Politics">Chinese Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16240" type="text/json">{"id":16240,"name":"Chinese Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Politics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39706481]'), work: {"id":39706481,"title":"CAO Weihong, 曹衛紅","created_at":"2019-06-26T23:24:26.129-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39706481/CAO_Weihong_%E6%9B%B9%E8%A1%9B%E7%B4%85?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_39706481","summary":"These works of art by her are presented here to illustrate my research paper:\n‘Soft Power: Chinese Women Artists \u0026 the Female Body’\n软实力: 中国女艺术家和女身体\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59878564,"asset_id":39706481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":676452,"first_name":"Roy","last_name":"Forward","domain_name":"anu-au","page_name":"RoyForward","display_name":"Roy Forward","profile_url":"https://anu-au.academia.edu/RoyForward?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/676452/235313/3613992/s65_roy.forward.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":8228,"name":"Chinese Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Art?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":16240,"name":"Chinese Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Politics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_802053" data-work_id="802053" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/802053/Mongolias_Environmental_Security_Chinese_Unconscious_Power_and_Ulaanbaatars_State_Weakness">Mongolia's Environmental Security: Chinese Unconscious Power and Ulaanbaatar's State Weakness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This article examines China’s “unconscious power” over Mongolia’s environmental sector. It argues that Ulaanbaatar’s state weakness and Chinese unconscious power constitute a mutually reinforcing threat to Mongolia’s environmental security.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/802053" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6867773249b936a3e81b7a1d65a0474c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":4796972,"asset_id":802053,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/4796972/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="643448" href="https://usarmywar.academia.edu/JeffreyReeves">Jeffrey Reeves</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="643448" type="text/json">{"id":643448,"first_name":"Jeffrey","last_name":"Reeves","domain_name":"usarmywar","page_name":"JeffreyReeves","display_name":"Jeffrey Reeves","profile_url":"https://usarmywar.academia.edu/JeffreyReeves?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/643448/221440/7523403/s65_jeffrey.reeves.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_802053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="802053"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 802053, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_802053", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_802053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 802053; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_802053"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_802053 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="802053"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 802053; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=802053]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_802053").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_802053").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="802053"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6034" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mongolian_Studies">Mongolian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6034" type="text/json">{"id":6034,"name":"Mongolian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mongolian_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21939" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Security">Environmental Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21939" type="text/json">{"id":21939,"name":"Environmental Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Security?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="127895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Traditional_Security">Non-Traditional Security</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="127895" type="text/json">{"id":127895,"name":"Non-Traditional Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Traditional_Security?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=802053]'), work: {"id":802053,"title":"Mongolia's Environmental Security: Chinese Unconscious Power and Ulaanbaatar's State Weakness","created_at":"2011-08-04T02:01:36.266-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/802053/Mongolias_Environmental_Security_Chinese_Unconscious_Power_and_Ulaanbaatars_State_Weakness?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_802053","summary":"This article examines China’s “unconscious power” over Mongolia’s environmental sector. It argues that Ulaanbaatar’s state weakness and Chinese unconscious power constitute a mutually reinforcing threat to Mongolia’s environmental security.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":4796972,"asset_id":802053,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":643448,"first_name":"Jeffrey","last_name":"Reeves","domain_name":"usarmywar","page_name":"JeffreyReeves","display_name":"Jeffrey Reeves","profile_url":"https://usarmywar.academia.edu/JeffreyReeves?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/643448/221440/7523403/s65_jeffrey.reeves.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6034,"name":"Mongolian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mongolian_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":21939,"name":"Environmental Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Security?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":127895,"name":"Non-Traditional Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Traditional_Security?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3883162" data-work_id="3883162" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3883162/Russia_and_China_in_the_Middle_East_the_Primordiality_of_Geostrategy_in_an_Unsettled_Context">Russia and China in the Middle East: the Primordiality of Geostrategy in an Unsettled Context</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1371964" href="https://lau.academia.edu/HishamTohme">Hisham Tohme</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1371964" type="text/json">{"id":1371964,"first_name":"Hisham","last_name":"Tohme","domain_name":"lau","page_name":"HishamTohme","display_name":"Hisham Tohme","profile_url":"https://lau.academia.edu/HishamTohme?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1371964/2762349/3219697/s65_hisham.tohme.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3883162 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3883162"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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data-work-id="3883162"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3883162; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3883162]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3883162").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3883162").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3883162"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41863" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia">Russia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41863" type="text/json">{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59858" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitcs_and_Geostrategy">Geopolitcs and Geostrategy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="59858" type="text/json">{"id":59858,"name":"Geopolitcs and Geostrategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitcs_and_Geostrategy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3883162]'), work: {"id":3883162,"title":"Russia and China in the Middle East: the Primordiality of Geostrategy in an Unsettled Context","created_at":"2013-07-06T19:58:13.885-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3883162/Russia_and_China_in_the_Middle_East_the_Primordiality_of_Geostrategy_in_an_Unsettled_Context?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_3883162","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31510207,"asset_id":3883162,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1371964,"first_name":"Hisham","last_name":"Tohme","domain_name":"lau","page_name":"HishamTohme","display_name":"Hisham Tohme","profile_url":"https://lau.academia.edu/HishamTohme?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1371964/2762349/3219697/s65_hisham.tohme.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":59858,"name":"Geopolitcs and Geostrategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitcs_and_Geostrategy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43469080" data-work_id="43469080" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43469080/Herzog_and_de_Meurons_Adaptive_Reuse_of_the_Tai_Kwun_Center_for_Heritage_and_Arts">Herzog & de Meuron's Adaptive Reuse of the Tai Kwun Center for Heritage and Arts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43469080" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32149c6b91ab74395fb415c638247cfc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63777111,"asset_id":43469080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63777111/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1233131" href="https://uncc.academia.edu/BlaineBrownell">Blaine Brownell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1233131" type="text/json">{"id":1233131,"first_name":"Blaine","last_name":"Brownell","domain_name":"uncc","page_name":"BlaineBrownell","display_name":"Blaine Brownell","profile_url":"https://uncc.academia.edu/BlaineBrownell?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233131/40248282/33028230/s65_blaine.brownell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43469080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43469080"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43469080, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43469080", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43469080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43469080; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43469080"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43469080 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43469080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43469080; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43469080]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43469080").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43469080").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43469080"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9363" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_Innovation">Design Innovation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9363" type="text/json">{"id":9363,"name":"Design Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_Innovation?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13606" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museums_and_Exhibition_Design">Museums and Exhibition Design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13606" type="text/json">{"id":13606,"name":"Museums and Exhibition Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museums_and_Exhibition_Design?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43469080]'), work: {"id":43469080,"title":"Herzog \u0026 de Meuron's Adaptive Reuse of the Tai Kwun Center for Heritage and Arts","created_at":"2020-06-29T09:05:41.679-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43469080/Herzog_and_de_Meurons_Adaptive_Reuse_of_the_Tai_Kwun_Center_for_Heritage_and_Arts?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_43469080","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63777111,"asset_id":43469080,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1233131,"first_name":"Blaine","last_name":"Brownell","domain_name":"uncc","page_name":"BlaineBrownell","display_name":"Blaine Brownell","profile_url":"https://uncc.academia.edu/BlaineBrownell?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1233131/40248282/33028230/s65_blaine.brownell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":9363,"name":"Design Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_Innovation?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":13606,"name":"Museums and Exhibition Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museums_and_Exhibition_Design?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":25021,"name":"Hong Kong","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hong_Kong?f_ri=12108"},{"id":225789,"name":"Building and Construction Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_and_Construction_Materials?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42635616 coauthored" data-work_id="42635616" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42635616/Fast_Expanding_Online_Markets_in_South_Korea_and_China_Are_They_Worth_Pursuing">Fast-Expanding “Online” Markets in South Korea and China: Are They Worth Pursuing?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The online shopping craze in South Korea has been ongoing for more than a decade, but in China, online shopping is experiencing tremendous growth, with 64 million additional shoppers per year. Consumers in Asia are among the world's most... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42635616" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The online shopping craze in South Korea has been ongoing for more than a decade, but in China, online shopping is experiencing tremendous growth, with 64 million additional shoppers per year. Consumers in Asia are among the world's most prolifi c online shoppers. This study compares the evolution, cycle, and stages of the online shopping markets in South Korea and China. Using the fast-expanding market model as an initial analytical framework and multiple case approach, we fi nd that Chinese online shopping corresponds to the takeoff stage of a successful cluster, in which signifi cant opportunities are still present in Chinese Tier 3 and Tier 4 cities. Conversely, the South Korean online market is nearing saturation, though major foreign players are still entering this perceived lucrative marketplace.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42635616" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38db2db2e1dc3b77175bd15c09fe43df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62841234,"asset_id":42635616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62841234/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40793506" href="https://jamescook.academia.edu/AdrianKuah">Adrian T H Kuah (PhD, University of Manchester)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40793506" type="text/json">{"id":40793506,"first_name":"Adrian","last_name":"Kuah (PhD, University of Manchester)","domain_name":"jamescook","page_name":"AdrianKuah","display_name":"Adrian T H Kuah (PhD, University of Manchester)","profile_url":"https://jamescook.academia.edu/AdrianKuah?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40793506/13735053/34083458/s65_adrian.kuah.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-42635616">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-42635616"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://jcu-sg.academia.edu/PengjiWang">Pengji Wang</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-42635616'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-42635616').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42635616 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42635616"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42635616; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42635616]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42635616").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42635616").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42635616"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4179" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Korea">South Korea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4179" type="text/json">{"id":4179,"name":"South Korea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Korea?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16416" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_Society">Internet & Society</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16416" type="text/json">{"id":16416,"name":"Internet \u0026 Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_Society?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42635616]'), work: {"id":42635616,"title":"Fast-Expanding “Online” Markets in South Korea and China: Are They Worth Pursuing?","created_at":"2020-04-05T22:46:42.256-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42635616/Fast_Expanding_Online_Markets_in_South_Korea_and_China_Are_They_Worth_Pursuing?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_42635616","summary":"The online shopping craze in South Korea has been ongoing for more than a decade, but in China, online shopping is experiencing tremendous growth, with 64 million additional shoppers per year. Consumers in Asia are among the world's most prolifi c online shoppers. This study compares the evolution, cycle, and stages of the online shopping markets in South Korea and China. Using the fast-expanding market model as an initial analytical framework and multiple case approach, we fi nd that Chinese online shopping corresponds to the takeoff stage of a successful cluster, in which signifi cant opportunities are still present in Chinese Tier 3 and Tier 4 cities. Conversely, the South Korean online market is nearing saturation, though major foreign players are still entering this perceived lucrative marketplace.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62841234,"asset_id":42635616,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40793506,"first_name":"Adrian","last_name":"Kuah (PhD, University of Manchester)","domain_name":"jamescook","page_name":"AdrianKuah","display_name":"Adrian T H Kuah (PhD, University of Manchester)","profile_url":"https://jamescook.academia.edu/AdrianKuah?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40793506/13735053/34083458/s65_adrian.kuah.jpg"},{"id":13250867,"first_name":"Pengji","last_name":"Wang","domain_name":"jcu-sg","page_name":"PengjiWang","display_name":"Pengji Wang","profile_url":"https://jcu-sg.academia.edu/PengjiWang?f_ri=12108","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4179,"name":"South Korea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Korea?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":16416,"name":"Internet \u0026 Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_and_Society?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5526175" data-work_id="5526175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5526175/2011_CMPR_Final">2011 CMPR Final</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5526175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d06041f6d03a2d944d759f9ff19a2a12" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32627636,"asset_id":5526175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32627636/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7819004" href="https://kasetsart.academia.edu/SorayuthPepobpol">Sorayuth Pepobpol</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7819004" type="text/json">{"id":7819004,"first_name":"Sorayuth","last_name":"Pepobpol","domain_name":"kasetsart","page_name":"SorayuthPepobpol","display_name":"Sorayuth Pepobpol","profile_url":"https://kasetsart.academia.edu/SorayuthPepobpol?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7819004/15705104/16256165/s65_sorayuth.pepobpol.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5526175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5526175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5526175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5526175", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5526175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5526175").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5526175").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5526175"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2190" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies">Chinese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2190" type="text/json">{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2575" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law">International Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2575" type="text/json">{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5526175]'), work: {"id":5526175,"title":"2011 CMPR Final","created_at":"2013-12-25T16:59:47.489-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5526175/2011_CMPR_Final?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_5526175","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32627636,"asset_id":5526175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7819004,"first_name":"Sorayuth","last_name":"Pepobpol","domain_name":"kasetsart","page_name":"SorayuthPepobpol","display_name":"Sorayuth Pepobpol","profile_url":"https://kasetsart.academia.edu/SorayuthPepobpol?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7819004/15705104/16256165/s65_sorayuth.pepobpol.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2190,"name":"Chinese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2839,"name":"Sinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sinology?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78877402" data-work_id="78877402" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78877402/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_of_China">Belt and Road Initiative of China</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) also recognized as One Belt and One Road (OBOR) is currently renowned external policy initiative of China for regional connectivity. It is a massive infrastructure and transportation project. The study... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78877402" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) also recognized as One Belt and One Road (OBOR) is currently renowned external policy initiative of China for regional connectivity. It is a massive infrastructure and transportation project. The study attempts to understand this initiative in broader perspective in terms of big changes at regional and global level. This paper argues that BRI is not just a project of building roads and bridges, but it will simultaneously heighten strategic and economic capability of China. Furthermore, it argues that, China’s quest to enhance regional connectivity will be purely based on economic activities. In the meantime, Beijing will use its fiscal leverage to influence the policies of aligned countries to line up with its interests. This paper addresses three main questions: What is the significance of BRI with emphasis on its main objectives? How does this initiative help advance China’s interests? What are the expected challenges to BRI?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78877402" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e22712f7cd1c099685f41cbdaae7347b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85765685,"asset_id":78877402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85765685/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="215516512" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SabaSahar13">Saba Sahar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="215516512" type="text/json">{"id":215516512,"first_name":"Saba","last_name":"Sahar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SabaSahar13","display_name":"Saba Sahar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SabaSahar13?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215516512/74068668/62559625/s65_saba.sahar.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78877402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78877402"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78877402, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78877402", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78877402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78877402; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78877402"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78877402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78877402"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78877402; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78877402]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78877402").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78877402").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78877402"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78877402]'), work: {"id":78877402,"title":"Belt and Road Initiative of China","created_at":"2022-05-09T11:03:52.529-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78877402/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_of_China?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_78877402","summary":"Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) also recognized as One Belt and One Road (OBOR) is currently renowned external policy initiative of China for regional connectivity. It is a massive infrastructure and transportation project. The study attempts to understand this initiative in broader perspective in terms of big changes at regional and global level. This paper argues that BRI is not just a project of building roads and bridges, but it will simultaneously heighten strategic and economic capability of China. Furthermore, it argues that, China’s quest to enhance regional connectivity will be purely based on economic activities. In the meantime, Beijing will use its fiscal leverage to influence the policies of aligned countries to line up with its interests. This paper addresses three main questions: What is the significance of BRI with emphasis on its main objectives? How does this initiative help advance China’s interests? What are the expected challenges to BRI?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85765685,"asset_id":78877402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":215516512,"first_name":"Saba","last_name":"Sahar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SabaSahar13","display_name":"Saba Sahar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SabaSahar13?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/215516512/74068668/62559625/s65_saba.sahar.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21078595" data-work_id="21078595" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21078595/Chinas_Changing_Financial_System_Can_it_Catch_Up_With_or_Even_Drive_Growth">China's Changing Financial System: Can it Catch Up With, or Even Drive Growth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21078595" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e5d86153627a02fc4a0cb77692a5124" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41704420,"asset_id":21078595,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41704420/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32472540" href="https://auburn.academia.edu/JamesBarth">James Barth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32472540" type="text/json">{"id":32472540,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Barth","domain_name":"auburn","page_name":"JamesBarth","display_name":"James Barth","profile_url":"https://auburn.academia.edu/JamesBarth?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32472540/9720444/10827423/s65_james.barth.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21078595 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21078595"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21078595, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21078595", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21078595]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21078595").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21078595").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21078595"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63444" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_System">Financial System</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="63444" type="text/json">{"id":63444,"name":"Financial System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_System?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21078595]'), work: {"id":21078595,"title":"China's Changing Financial System: Can it Catch Up With, or Even Drive Growth","created_at":"2016-01-28T16:36:43.273-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21078595/Chinas_Changing_Financial_System_Can_it_Catch_Up_With_or_Even_Drive_Growth?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_21078595","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41704420,"asset_id":21078595,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32472540,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Barth","domain_name":"auburn","page_name":"JamesBarth","display_name":"James Barth","profile_url":"https://auburn.academia.edu/JamesBarth?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32472540/9720444/10827423/s65_james.barth.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":63444,"name":"Financial System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_System?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67756377" data-work_id="67756377" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67756377/Latin_America_China_Relations_A_Review_of_Recent_Literature_2010_2020_CLALS">Latin America China Relations A Review of Recent Literature 2010 2020 CLALS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">(CRIES), a non-partisan think tank and network. He has authored several books both in Spanish and English, edited more than 30 collective volumes both in English and Spanish, and published more than 200 academic articles in Spanish,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67756377" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">(CRIES), a non-partisan think tank and network. He has authored several books both in Spanish and English, edited more than 30 collective volumes both in English and Spanish, and published more than 200 academic articles in Spanish, English, French, German and Russian. Established in 2010, the Center for Latin American and Latino Studies (CLALS) is a campuswide initiative advancing and disseminating state-of-the-art research. The Center's faculty affiliates and partners are at the forefront of efforts to understand economic development, democratic governance, cultural diversity and change, peace and diplomacy, health, education and environmental well-being. CLALS generates high-quality, timely analysis on these and other issues in partnership with researchers and practitioners from AU and beyond. This paper is produced by CLALS as part of a project supported by the Institute for War and Peace Reporting and the U.S. Department of State to analyze China's efforts to shape perceptions of its role in Latin America and the Caribbean. The project is led by CLALS Director Eric Hershberg. For more information, please visit the project page on our website.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67756377" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3729dcff95db2cc99d671126e6aa9bec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78467647,"asset_id":67756377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78467647/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="732632" href="https://cries.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sSerbin">Andrés Serbin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="732632" type="text/json">{"id":732632,"first_name":"Andrés","last_name":"Serbin","domain_name":"cries","page_name":"AndrésSerbin","display_name":"Andrés Serbin","profile_url":"https://cries.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sSerbin?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/732632/250364/12286904/s65_andr_s.serbin_bartosch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67756377 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67756377"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67756377, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67756377", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67756377]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67756377").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67756377").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67756377"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="388" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies">Latin American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="388" type="text/json">{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8238" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Foreign_Policy">Latin American Foreign Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8238" type="text/json">{"id":8238,"name":"Latin American Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10771" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States_In_The_World">United States In The World</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10771" type="text/json">{"id":10771,"name":"United States In The World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States_In_The_World?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67756377]'), work: {"id":67756377,"title":"Latin America China Relations A Review of Recent Literature 2010 2020 CLALS","created_at":"2022-01-10T08:24:13.431-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67756377/Latin_America_China_Relations_A_Review_of_Recent_Literature_2010_2020_CLALS?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_67756377","summary":"(CRIES), a non-partisan think tank and network. He has authored several books both in Spanish and English, edited more than 30 collective volumes both in English and Spanish, and published more than 200 academic articles in Spanish, English, French, German and Russian. Established in 2010, the Center for Latin American and Latino Studies (CLALS) is a campuswide initiative advancing and disseminating state-of-the-art research. The Center's faculty affiliates and partners are at the forefront of efforts to understand economic development, democratic governance, cultural diversity and change, peace and diplomacy, health, education and environmental well-being. CLALS generates high-quality, timely analysis on these and other issues in partnership with researchers and practitioners from AU and beyond. This paper is produced by CLALS as part of a project supported by the Institute for War and Peace Reporting and the U.S. Department of State to analyze China's efforts to shape perceptions of its role in Latin America and the Caribbean. The project is led by CLALS Director Eric Hershberg. For more information, please visit the project page on our website.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78467647,"asset_id":67756377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":732632,"first_name":"Andrés","last_name":"Serbin","domain_name":"cries","page_name":"AndrésSerbin","display_name":"Andrés Serbin","profile_url":"https://cries.academia.edu/Andr%C3%A9sSerbin?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/732632/250364/12286904/s65_andr_s.serbin_bartosch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":8238,"name":"Latin American Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":10771,"name":"United States In The World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States_In_The_World?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":13725,"name":"China Going Global","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_Going_Global?f_ri=12108"},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":48523,"name":"Book Reviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_Reviews?f_ri=12108"},{"id":50550,"name":"United States Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":205373,"name":"The Rise of China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Rise_of_China?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67303083" data-work_id="67303083" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67303083/From_H_O_T_to_GOT7_Mapping_K_pops_fandom_media_and_performances_in_China">From H.O.T. to GOT7: Mapping K-pop's fandom, media, and performances in China</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Hallyu, or the Korean Wave, has become a global cultural phenomenon. Its growing popularity around the world is indicative of the rise in Asian cultural power. Before entering the markets beyond East Asia, South Korean popular culture was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67303083" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Hallyu, or the Korean Wave, has become a global cultural phenomenon. Its growing popularity around the world is indicative of the rise in Asian cultural power. Before entering the markets beyond East Asia, South Korean popular culture was first transmitted in China in the 1990s. Korean popular music, or K-pop, has been a key genre in Hallyu. By employing archival research and case studies, and unveiling rarely considered materials and practices, this dissertation analyzes the constant transmission of K-pop in China in the past two decades, contemporary K-pop fan practices in China, and Chinese K-pop idols’ multiple identity presentations to answer the research question—why is K-pop popular in China. I propose a periodization of K-pop in China based on the different media environment in China after K-pop’s initial entrance into the Chinese market in 1996. Thus, I looked at K-pop in China in the analog media period (1996-2004), the pre-mobile internet period (2005-2011), and the mobile internet period (2012-present). The dissertation first examines the history of K-pop in China. Secondly, the current study uses the Chinese fandom of the male idol group GOT7 as a case study to examine contemporary Chinese K-pop fan practices from the perspectives of fan consumption and fan production. Along with the categorizations of fan consumption and fan production, I postulate that fan labor has become an indispensable part in the operation of the K-pop industry, transforming it into an alternative creative industry. Lastly, I examine the multiple identity presentations of Chinese K-pop idols by looking at the case of GOT7’s Hong Kong-born Chinese member Jackson as well as the political and fandom controversies engendered by such presentations. The dissertation potentially sheds new light on Hallyu studies, Korean studies, and the studies of transnational cultural flows. It also brings new insight to fandom studies and cultural industry studies. It is my hope that the exploration of Chinese K-pop idols will also foster a rethinking of Chua Beng Huat’s (2001, 2012) Pop Culture China in cultural studies, and spark new discussions in celebrity studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67303083" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3bc2e2745eed3a0cc6f3ed266818550c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78169873,"asset_id":67303083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78169873/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25019968" href="https://blcu.academia.edu/MeichengSun">Meicheng Sun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25019968" type="text/json">{"id":25019968,"first_name":"Meicheng","last_name":"Sun","domain_name":"blcu","page_name":"MeichengSun","display_name":"Meicheng Sun","profile_url":"https://blcu.academia.edu/MeichengSun?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25019968/44206253/151298767/s65_meicheng.sun.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67303083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67303083"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67303083, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67303083", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67303083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67303083; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67303083"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67303083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67303083"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67303083; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67303083]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67303083").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67303083").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67303083"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celebrity_Culture">Celebrity Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6527" type="text/json">{"id":6527,"name":"Celebrity Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celebrity_Culture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15595" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fandom">Fandom</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15595" type="text/json">{"id":15595,"name":"Fandom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fandom?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="229227" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallyu">Hallyu</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="229227" type="text/json">{"id":229227,"name":"Hallyu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallyu?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67303083]'), work: {"id":67303083,"title":"From H.O.T. to GOT7: Mapping K-pop's fandom, media, and performances in China","created_at":"2022-01-05T18:17:32.433-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67303083/From_H_O_T_to_GOT7_Mapping_K_pops_fandom_media_and_performances_in_China?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_67303083","summary":"Hallyu, or the Korean Wave, has become a global cultural phenomenon. Its growing popularity around the world is indicative of the rise in Asian cultural power. Before entering the markets beyond East Asia, South Korean popular culture was first transmitted in China in the 1990s. Korean popular music, or K-pop, has been a key genre in Hallyu. By employing archival research and case studies, and unveiling rarely considered materials and practices, this dissertation analyzes the constant transmission of K-pop in China in the past two decades, contemporary K-pop fan practices in China, and Chinese K-pop idols’ multiple identity presentations to answer the research question—why is K-pop popular in China. I propose a periodization of K-pop in China based on the different media environment in China after K-pop’s initial entrance into the Chinese market in 1996. Thus, I looked at K-pop in China in the analog media period (1996-2004), the pre-mobile internet period (2005-2011), and the mobile internet period (2012-present). The dissertation first examines the history of K-pop in China. Secondly, the current study uses the Chinese fandom of the male idol group GOT7 as a case study to examine contemporary Chinese K-pop fan practices from the perspectives of fan consumption and fan production. Along with the categorizations of fan consumption and fan production, I postulate that fan labor has become an indispensable part in the operation of the K-pop industry, transforming it into an alternative creative industry. Lastly, I examine the multiple identity presentations of Chinese K-pop idols by looking at the case of GOT7’s Hong Kong-born Chinese member Jackson as well as the political and fandom controversies engendered by such presentations. The dissertation potentially sheds new light on Hallyu studies, Korean studies, and the studies of transnational cultural flows. It also brings new insight to fandom studies and cultural industry studies. It is my hope that the exploration of Chinese K-pop idols will also foster a rethinking of Chua Beng Huat’s (2001, 2012) Pop Culture China in cultural studies, and spark new discussions in celebrity studies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78169873,"asset_id":67303083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25019968,"first_name":"Meicheng","last_name":"Sun","domain_name":"blcu","page_name":"MeichengSun","display_name":"Meicheng Sun","profile_url":"https://blcu.academia.edu/MeichengSun?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25019968/44206253/151298767/s65_meicheng.sun.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6527,"name":"Celebrity Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celebrity_Culture?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":15595,"name":"Fandom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fandom?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":229227,"name":"Hallyu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hallyu?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":229229,"name":"K-Pop","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/K-Pop?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9844708" data-work_id="9844708" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9844708/_Book_Race_and_Racism_in_Modern_East_Asia_Interactions_Nationalism_Gender_and_Lineage">(Book) Race and Racism in Modern East Asia: Interactions, Nationalism, Gender and Lineage</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A sequel to the groundbreaking volume Race and Racism in Modern East Asia: Western and Eastern Constructions, the present volume examines in depth interactions between Western racial constructions of East Asians and local constructions of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9844708" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A sequel to the groundbreaking volume Race and Racism in Modern East Asia: Western and Eastern Constructions, the present volume examines in depth interactions between Western racial constructions of East Asians and local constructions of race and their outcomes in modern times. Focusing on China, Japan and the two Koreas, it also analyzes the close ties between race, racism and nationalism, as well as the links race has had with gender and lineage in the region. Written by some of the field's leading authorities, this insightful and engaging 23-chapter volume offers a sweeping overview and analysis of racial constructions and racism in modern and contemporary East Asia that is unsurpassed in previous scholarship. <br /> <br /> <br />TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />List of Illustrations and Tables <br />Conventions <br />Preface <br /> <br />1. Introduction: The Synthesis of Foreign and Indigenous Constructions of Race in Modern East Asia and Its Actual Operation, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel <br />I. Antecedents: A Detailed Examination of Early Western Racial Constructions of East Asians <br />II. Interactions: The Fusion of European and Asian Constructions of Race <br />III. Nationalism: Interactions between Race and Ethnic Nationalism in East Asia <br />IV. Gender and Lineage: The Impact of Domestic and Foreign Racial Constructions <br /> <br />PART I: ANTECEDENTS <br />2. East Asians in the Linnaean Taxonomy: Sources and Implications of a Racial Image, Rotem Kowner and Christina Skott <br />The Linnaean Revolution and View of Humankind <br />Sources of Linnaeus’ Racial Perspective on East Asians <br />The Essence of Asia: Swedish Views of China <br />Swedish Reports and Linnaeus’ Revision of His Human Taxonomy <br />Linnaeus’ Legacy and the Unfolding Racial View of East Asians <br />3. Constructing Racial Theories on East Asians as a Transnational “Western” Enterprise, 1750-1850, Walter Demel <br />The Founding Fathers of Racial Theories: Linnaeus, Buffon, Kant and Camper <br />The Second Generation: Multiple Directions <br />4. The ‘Races’ of East Asia in Nineteenth-Century European Encyclopaedias, Georg Lehner <br />Classifying the Peoples of Asia <br />The Encyclopedias' Main Sources for Remarks on the “Races” of East Asia <br />Chinese, Japanese and Koreans: Descriptions of East Asian peoples <br />Stereotypes of East Asians in General Knowledge <br />Visual Representations of Race in Works of General Knowledge <br />Concluding Remarks <br />5. The Racial Image of the Japanese in the Western Press Published in Japan, 1861-1881, Olavi K. Fält <br />Background <br />The Oldest People on Earth <br />The Shining Japanese Race <br />Weak and Inferior Race <br />Praising the Endeavors of a Poor Race <br />Conclusion <br /> <br />PART II: INTERACTIONS <br />6. The Propagation of Racial Thought in Nineteenth-Century China, Daniel Barth <br />The Background: Imperial China and the “Other” <br />Stage I (1846-1851): Marques and Wei Yuan <br />Stage II (1851-1855): Hobson and Muirhead <br />Stage III (1855-1872): The Self-Strengthening Movement <br />Stage IV (1872-1892): John Fryer and the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine <br />Conclusion: Chinese Intellectuals, Social Darwinism and Race <br />7. Learning from the South: Japan's Racial Construction of Southern Chinese, 1895-1941, Huei-Ying Kuo <br />The South Seas as Japan’s Backyard, 1895-1914 <br />Japan's Expansion into the Southern Chinese Networks, 1914-1928 <br />Chinese Anti-Japanese Nationalism and Japanese Discourses on South Seas Chinese, 1928-1936 <br />Southern Chinese as Non-Han Races, 1936-1941 <br />Conclusions <br />8. “The Great Question of the World Today”: Britain, the Dominions, East Asian Immigration and the Threat of Race War, 1905-11, Antony Best <br />Immigration and “the Awakening of Asia” <br />The Prophets of Race War <br />Critics of White Solidarity <br />Finessing the Racial Divide <br />Conclusions <br />9. “Uplifting the Weak and Degenerated Races of East Asia”: American and Indigenous Views of Sport and Body in Early Twentieth-Century East Asia, Stefan Hübner <br />Sportive Citizenship Training in the Philippines <br />Chinese Cooperation and Acceptance of American-Style Modernization <br />Japanese Resistance and its Defeat by American Style Modernization <br />Conclusion <br />10. Racism under Negotiation: The Japanese Race in the Nazi-German Perspective, Gerhard Krebs <br />Early Nazi Views on the Japanese Racial Position <br />Becoming More Aryan <br />The Problem with the Japanese in the Nazi Worldview <br />Continuing Mutual Mistrust <br />The End <br />11. Discourses of Race and Racism in Modern Korea, 1890s-1945 , Vladimir Tikhonov <br />Race and Its Uncertainties <br />The Emergence of Race Theories in Modern Korea: One of the Logics of the “Civilized World” <br />“Race” and “Ethnic Nation” in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945 <br />Conclusion: Race as a Path to Modernist Self-assertion? <br />12. The United States Arrives: Racialization and Racism in Post-1945 South Korea, Nadia Y. Kim <br />Contextual Background: America Marches In and Mass Mediates <br />The American Military, Whiteness, and Imperialist Racial Formation <br />American Mass Media, White Heroes, and Counter-Hegemony <br />Blackness and Imperialist Racial Formation <br />Racism and Invisibility in Korean “America” <br />Concluding Remarks <br />13. A Post-Communist Coexistence in Northeast Asia? Mutual Racial Attitudes among Russians and Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, David Lewis <br />Discrimination against Siberian Peoples as an Outcome of Racial Prejudice <br />The Origin and Legacy of Russian Attitudes to Asians <br />Racial Attitudes among Indigenous Siberian Peoples <br />The Communist Model of Racial Modus Vivendi <br />The Impact of Prolonged Racism on Indigenous Siberian Peoples <br />Marriage as an Anti-Racist Means in a Multi-Racial Society <br /> <br />PART III: NATIONALISM <br />14. Nationalism and Internationalism: Sino-American Racial Perceptions of the Korean War, Lü Xun <br />Descendants of the Mongolian Hordes: American Perceptions of the Chinese <br />The Ambitious Wolf: Chinese Perceptions of Americans <br />The Mirrored Self: A Nation-State in the Making <br />15. Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Racialized Chinese Nationalism, Yinghong Cheng <br />Gangtai Patriotic Songs: A “Colored” Political Genre of Pop Music <br />A Tacit Collaboration between the Party-State and Capitalist Cultural Producers in Hong Kong and Taiwan <br />The Interaction between Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Chinese Popular Nationalism <br />Analyses <br />Concluding Remarks <br />16. Japanese as Both a “Race” and a “Non-Race”: The Politics of Jinshu and Minzoku and the Depoliticization of Japaneseness, Yuko Kawai <br />The Historical Trajectories of Jinshu and Minzoku <br />Being a “Race” and a “Non-Race” in Present-day Japan: An Empirical Study <br />Conclusions and Implications <br />17. Ethnic Nationalism in Postwar Japan: Nihonjinron and Its Racial Facets, Rotem Kowner and Harumi Befu <br />Premises of Nihonjinron <br />Nihonjinron as a Manifestation of Japanese Nationalism <br />Nihonjinron and Its Concern with Origin, Blood and Racial Hierarchy <br />The Impact of Race-Related Tenets on Everyday Life <br />Functions of Ethnic Nationalism in Contemporary Japan <br />Concluding Remarks <br />18. Ethnic Nationalism and Internationalism in the North Korean Worldview, Tatiana Gabroussenko <br />The Soviet Discourse of the Outside World: Conditional Internationalism <br />The North Korean Worldview in the “Soviet Era”: Echoing the Soviet Paradigm <br />Mono-Ethnicity as a Special Korean Virtue: The Evolution of the North Korean World Vision under the Influence of Juche <br />North Korean Propaganda about Foreigners from Inclusive and Alienating Perspectives <br />Conclusion <br /> <br />PART IV: GENDER AND LINEAGE <br />19. In the Name of the Master: Race, Nationalism and Masculinity in Chinese Martial Arts Cinema, Kai-man Chang <br />From Anti-imperialist Nationalism to Cultural Nationalism <br />Masculinities That Matter <br />Conclusion <br />20. Sexualized Racism, Gender and Nationalism: The Case of Japan’s Sexual Enslavement of Korean “Comfort Women”, Bang-soon Yoon <br />Korean “Comfort Women”: Drawn in as Substitutes <br />The Nature of Victimization <br />Colonial Policies and the Mobilization of Korean Women <br />Treatment of Korean “Comfort Women” <br />Lives under Sexual Slavery <br />Nationalism, Gender and Sexual Violence <br />Conclusion <br />21. “The Guilt Feeling That You Exist”: War, Racism and Indisch-Japanese Identity Formation, Aya Ezawa <br />Power, Discourse, and “Mixed Blood” <br />The Indisch and the Dutch East Indies <br />The Indisch Community under Japanese Occupation <br />Indisch-Japanese Relationships <br />Indisch-Japanese Descendants <br />Conclusion <br />22. ‘The “Amerasian” Knot: Transpacific Crossings of “GI Babies” from Korea to the United States, W. Taejin Hwang <br />“An Act of Both Humanity and Patriotism”: The Amerasian Immigration Act of 1982 <br />“Confucius’ Outcasts”: The Korean Amerasian “Plight” <br />Inter-country Adoption of Korean “GI Babies” <br />Living as a “Mixed-Blood Child” (Honhyeola) in Cold War Korea <br />“Half-American Also is American”: Towards Migration <br />Conclusion and Postscript <br /> <br />PART V: CONCLUSIONS <br />23. The Essence and Mechanisms of Race and Racism in Modern East Asia, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel <br />The East Asian Contribution to the Study of Race and Racism <br />East Asia’s Role within the Rise of Racial Theory and the Resulting Hybridity <br />Sources and Manifestations of Racism <br />The Close Links between Racism and Nationalism <br />The Role of Gender and Lineage in Constructions of Race and Racism <br />East Asia and the Future of Race and Racism <br />Contributors <br />Bibliography <br />Index</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9844708" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="140b4311ecd027ccc7801048e1363e41" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":118146196,"asset_id":9844708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118146196/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10007081" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/RotemKowner">Rotem KOWNER</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10007081" type="text/json">{"id":10007081,"first_name":"Rotem","last_name":"KOWNER","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"RotemKowner","display_name":"Rotem KOWNER","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/RotemKowner?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10007081/6433576/109012776/s65_rotem.kowner.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9844708 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9844708"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9844708, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9844708", }); 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Focusing on China, Japan and the two Koreas, it also analyzes the close ties between race, racism and nationalism, as well as the links race has had with gender and lineage in the region. Written by some of the field's leading authorities, this insightful and engaging 23-chapter volume offers a sweeping overview and analysis of racial constructions and racism in modern and contemporary East Asia that is unsurpassed in previous scholarship.\r\n\r\n\r\nTABLE OF CONTENTS\r\nList of Illustrations and Tables\r\nConventions\r\nPreface\r\n\r\n1. Introduction: The Synthesis of Foreign and Indigenous Constructions of Race in Modern East Asia and Its Actual Operation, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel\r\nI. Antecedents: A Detailed Examination of Early Western Racial Constructions of East Asians\r\nII. Interactions: The Fusion of European and Asian Constructions of Race\r\nIII. Nationalism: Interactions between Race and Ethnic Nationalism in East Asia\r\nIV. Gender and Lineage: The Impact of Domestic and Foreign Racial Constructions\r\n\r\nPART I: ANTECEDENTS\t\r\n2. East Asians in the Linnaean Taxonomy: Sources and Implications of a Racial Image, Rotem Kowner and Christina Skott\r\nThe Linnaean Revolution and View of Humankind\r\nSources of Linnaeus’ Racial Perspective on East Asians\r\nThe Essence of Asia: Swedish Views of China\r\nSwedish Reports and Linnaeus’ Revision of His Human Taxonomy\r\nLinnaeus’ Legacy and the Unfolding Racial View of East Asians\r\n3. Constructing Racial Theories on East Asians as a Transnational “Western” Enterprise, 1750-1850, Walter Demel\r\nThe Founding Fathers of Racial Theories: Linnaeus, Buffon, Kant and Camper\r\nThe Second Generation: Multiple Directions\r\n4. The ‘Races’ of East Asia in Nineteenth-Century European Encyclopaedias, Georg Lehner\r\nClassifying the Peoples of Asia\r\nThe Encyclopedias' Main Sources for Remarks on the “Races” of East Asia\r\nChinese, Japanese and Koreans: Descriptions of East Asian peoples\r\nStereotypes of East Asians in General Knowledge\r\nVisual Representations of Race in Works of General Knowledge\r\nConcluding Remarks\r\n5. The Racial Image of the Japanese in the Western Press Published in Japan, 1861-1881, Olavi K. Fält\r\nBackground\r\nThe Oldest People on Earth\r\nThe Shining Japanese Race\r\nWeak and Inferior Race\r\nPraising the Endeavors of a Poor Race\r\nConclusion\r\n\r\nPART II: INTERACTIONS\t\r\n6. The Propagation of Racial Thought in Nineteenth-Century China, Daniel Barth\r\nThe Background: Imperial China and the “Other”\r\nStage I (1846-1851): Marques and Wei Yuan\r\nStage II (1851-1855): Hobson and Muirhead\r\nStage III (1855-1872): The Self-Strengthening Movement\r\nStage IV (1872-1892): John Fryer and the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine\r\nConclusion: Chinese Intellectuals, Social Darwinism and Race\r\n7. Learning from the South: Japan's Racial Construction of Southern Chinese, 1895-1941, Huei-Ying Kuo\r\nThe South Seas as Japan’s Backyard, 1895-1914\r\nJapan's Expansion into the Southern Chinese Networks, 1914-1928\r\nChinese Anti-Japanese Nationalism and Japanese Discourses on South Seas Chinese, 1928-1936\r\nSouthern Chinese as Non-Han Races, 1936-1941\r\nConclusions\r\n8. “The Great Question of the World Today”: Britain, the Dominions, East Asian Immigration and the Threat of Race War, 1905-11, Antony Best\r\nImmigration and “the Awakening of Asia”\r\nThe Prophets of Race War\r\nCritics of White Solidarity\r\nFinessing the Racial Divide\r\nConclusions\r\n9. “Uplifting the Weak and Degenerated Races of East Asia”: American and Indigenous Views of Sport and Body in Early Twentieth-Century East Asia, Stefan Hübner\r\nSportive Citizenship Training in the Philippines\r\nChinese Cooperation and Acceptance of American-Style Modernization\r\nJapanese Resistance and its Defeat by American Style Modernization\r\nConclusion\r\n10. Racism under Negotiation: The Japanese Race in the Nazi-German Perspective, Gerhard Krebs\r\nEarly Nazi Views on the Japanese Racial Position\r\nBecoming More Aryan\r\nThe Problem with the Japanese in the Nazi Worldview\r\nContinuing Mutual Mistrust\r\nThe End\r\n11. Discourses of Race and Racism in Modern Korea, 1890s-1945 , Vladimir Tikhonov\r\nRace and Its Uncertainties\r\nThe Emergence of Race Theories in Modern Korea: One of the Logics of the “Civilized World”\r\n“Race” and “Ethnic Nation” in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945\r\nConclusion: Race as a Path to Modernist Self-assertion?\r\n12. The United States Arrives: Racialization and Racism in Post-1945 South Korea, Nadia Y. Kim\r\nContextual Background: America Marches In and Mass Mediates\r\nThe American Military, Whiteness, and Imperialist Racial Formation\r\nAmerican Mass Media, White Heroes, and Counter-Hegemony\r\nBlackness and Imperialist Racial Formation\r\nRacism and Invisibility in Korean “America”\r\nConcluding Remarks\r\n13. A Post-Communist Coexistence in Northeast Asia? Mutual Racial Attitudes among Russians and Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, David Lewis\r\nDiscrimination against Siberian Peoples as an Outcome of Racial Prejudice\r\nThe Origin and Legacy of Russian Attitudes to Asians\r\nRacial Attitudes among Indigenous Siberian Peoples\r\nThe Communist Model of Racial Modus Vivendi\r\nThe Impact of Prolonged Racism on Indigenous Siberian Peoples\r\nMarriage as an Anti-Racist Means in a Multi-Racial Society\r\n\r\nPART III: NATIONALISM\t\r\n14. Nationalism and Internationalism: Sino-American Racial Perceptions of the Korean War, Lü Xun\r\nDescendants of the Mongolian Hordes: American Perceptions of the Chinese\r\nThe Ambitious Wolf: Chinese Perceptions of Americans\r\nThe Mirrored Self: A Nation-State in the Making\r\n15. Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Racialized Chinese Nationalism, Yinghong Cheng\r\nGangtai Patriotic Songs: A “Colored” Political Genre of Pop Music\r\nA Tacit Collaboration between the Party-State and Capitalist Cultural Producers in Hong Kong and Taiwan\r\nThe Interaction between Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Chinese Popular Nationalism\r\nAnalyses\r\nConcluding Remarks\r\n16. Japanese as Both a “Race” and a “Non-Race”: The Politics of Jinshu and Minzoku and the Depoliticization of Japaneseness, Yuko Kawai\r\nThe Historical Trajectories of Jinshu and Minzoku\r\nBeing a “Race” and a “Non-Race” in Present-day Japan: An Empirical Study\r\nConclusions and Implications\r\n17. Ethnic Nationalism in Postwar Japan: Nihonjinron and Its Racial Facets, Rotem Kowner and Harumi Befu\r\nPremises of Nihonjinron\r\nNihonjinron as a Manifestation of Japanese Nationalism\r\nNihonjinron and Its Concern with Origin, Blood and Racial Hierarchy\r\nThe Impact of Race-Related Tenets on Everyday Life\r\nFunctions of Ethnic Nationalism in Contemporary Japan\r\nConcluding Remarks\r\n18. Ethnic Nationalism and Internationalism in the North Korean Worldview, Tatiana Gabroussenko\r\nThe Soviet Discourse of the Outside World: Conditional Internationalism\r\nThe North Korean Worldview in the “Soviet Era”: Echoing the Soviet Paradigm\r\nMono-Ethnicity as a Special Korean Virtue: The Evolution of the North Korean World Vision under the Influence of Juche\r\nNorth Korean Propaganda about Foreigners from Inclusive and Alienating Perspectives\r\nConclusion\r\n\r\nPART IV: GENDER AND LINEAGE\t\r\n19. In the Name of the Master: Race, Nationalism and Masculinity in Chinese Martial Arts Cinema, Kai-man Chang\r\nFrom Anti-imperialist Nationalism to Cultural Nationalism\r\nMasculinities That Matter\r\nConclusion\r\n20. Sexualized Racism, Gender and Nationalism: The Case of Japan’s Sexual Enslavement of Korean “Comfort Women”, Bang-soon Yoon\r\nKorean “Comfort Women”: Drawn in as Substitutes\r\nThe Nature of Victimization\r\nColonial Policies and the Mobilization of Korean Women\r\nTreatment of Korean “Comfort Women”\r\nLives under Sexual Slavery\r\nNationalism, Gender and Sexual Violence\r\nConclusion\r\n21. “The Guilt Feeling That You Exist”: War, Racism and Indisch-Japanese Identity Formation, Aya Ezawa\r\nPower, Discourse, and “Mixed Blood”\r\nThe Indisch and the Dutch East Indies\r\nThe Indisch Community under Japanese Occupation\r\nIndisch-Japanese Relationships\r\nIndisch-Japanese Descendants\r\nConclusion\r\n22. ‘The “Amerasian” Knot: Transpacific Crossings of “GI Babies” from Korea to the United States, W. Taejin Hwang\r\n“An Act of Both Humanity and Patriotism”: The Amerasian Immigration Act of 1982\r\n“Confucius’ Outcasts”: The Korean Amerasian “Plight”\r\nInter-country Adoption of Korean “GI Babies”\r\nLiving as a “Mixed-Blood Child” (Honhyeola) in Cold War Korea\r\n“Half-American Also is American”: Towards Migration\r\nConclusion and Postscript\r\n\r\nPART V: CONCLUSIONS\r\n23. The Essence and Mechanisms of Race and Racism in Modern East Asia, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel\r\nThe East Asian Contribution to the Study of Race and Racism\r\nEast Asia’s Role within the Rise of Racial Theory and the Resulting Hybridity\r\nSources and Manifestations of Racism\r\nThe Close Links between Racism and Nationalism\r\nThe Role of Gender and Lineage in Constructions of Race and Racism\r\nEast Asia and the Future of Race and Racism\r\nContributors\r\nBibliography\r\nIndex\r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":118146196,"asset_id":9844708,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10007081,"first_name":"Rotem","last_name":"KOWNER","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"RotemKowner","display_name":"Rotem KOWNER","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/RotemKowner?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10007081/6433576/109012776/s65_rotem.kowner.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":294,"name":"Ethnic 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Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity_and_National_Identity?f_ri=12108"},{"id":420649,"name":"Ethnic politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_politics?f_ri=12108"},{"id":516454,"name":"Lineage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lineage?f_ri=12108"},{"id":702672,"name":"Modern Korean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Korean_History?f_ri=12108"},{"id":740384,"name":"North Korean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_Korean_Studies?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8599498" data-work_id="8599498" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8599498/Social_Media_Activism_and_State_Censorship">Social Media Activism and State Censorship</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter interrogates how activist social media communication in authoritarian contexts is shaped through the mutual articulation of social media user practices, business models, and technological architectures, as well as through the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8599498" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter interrogates how activist social media communication in authoritarian contexts is shaped through the mutual articulation of social media user practices, business models, and technological architectures, as well as through the controlling efforts of states. It specifically focuses on social media protest activity and contention in China, Tunisia, and Iran, authoritarian states which have made a large effort to control online activity. The analysis shows that instead of blocking or repressing social media activism, authoritarian states rather shape online contention. Online censorship and offline repression push users to adapt their communication by creatively misspelling words, using synonyms, symbolic language and parody, and through self-censorship. Simultaneously by using commercial platforms activists effectively lose control over their data, and over the spaces through which they communicate. This is particularly problematic in authoritarian settings, in which activist communication depends on specific technological arrangements and on the ability to keep sensitive data out of the hands of the authorities. Finally, while activist social media communication is shaped by Internet censorship and encapsulated by commercial social platforms, activists are constantly exploring new ways to evade censorship, but also to regain control over their collective data. They do so through technical means, especially filtering circumvention tools, but also by posting and translating information across different social media services, and by setting up their own platforms to curate their data.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8599498" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb8c96d87d7f0e64ec5bd06d27337c26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34965855,"asset_id":8599498,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34965855/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1611396" href="https://uva.academia.edu/ThomasPoell">Thomas Poell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1611396" type="text/json">{"id":1611396,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Poell","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"ThomasPoell","display_name":"Thomas Poell","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/ThomasPoell?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1611396/658263/35599694/s65_thomas.poell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8599498 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8599498"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8599498, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8599498", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8599498 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8599498; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8599498"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8599498 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8599498"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8599498; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8599498]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8599498").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8599498").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8599498"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="933" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media">New Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="933" type="text/json">{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="966" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Censorship">Censorship</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="966" type="text/json">{"id":966,"name":"Censorship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Censorship?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies">Iranian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5218" type="text/json">{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8994" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Activism">Social Activism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8994" type="text/json">{"id":8994,"name":"Social Activism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Activism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8599498]'), work: {"id":8599498,"title":"Social Media Activism and State Censorship","created_at":"2014-10-01T23:12:08.499-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8599498/Social_Media_Activism_and_State_Censorship?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_8599498","summary":"This chapter interrogates how activist social media communication in authoritarian contexts is shaped through the mutual articulation of social media user practices, business models, and technological architectures, as well as through the controlling efforts of states. It specifically focuses on social media protest activity and contention in China, Tunisia, and Iran, authoritarian states which have made a large effort to control online activity. The analysis shows that instead of blocking or repressing social media activism, authoritarian states rather shape online contention. Online censorship and offline repression push users to adapt their communication by creatively misspelling words, using synonyms, symbolic language and parody, and through self-censorship. Simultaneously by using commercial platforms activists effectively lose control over their data, and over the spaces through which they communicate. This is particularly problematic in authoritarian settings, in which activist communication depends on specific technological arrangements and on the ability to keep sensitive data out of the hands of the authorities. Finally, while activist social media communication is shaped by Internet censorship and encapsulated by commercial social platforms, activists are constantly exploring new ways to evade censorship, but also to regain control over their collective data. They do so through technical means, especially filtering circumvention tools, but also by posting and translating information across different social media services, and by setting up their own platforms to curate their data. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34965855,"asset_id":8599498,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1611396,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Poell","domain_name":"uva","page_name":"ThomasPoell","display_name":"Thomas Poell","profile_url":"https://uva.academia.edu/ThomasPoell?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1611396/658263/35599694/s65_thomas.poell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":966,"name":"Censorship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Censorship?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":8994,"name":"Social Activism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Activism?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":13873,"name":"Twitter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Twitter?f_ri=12108"},{"id":75837,"name":"Tunisia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tunisia?f_ri=12108"},{"id":440719,"name":"Weibo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weibo?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26177981" data-work_id="26177981" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26177981/Chinas_Approach_towards_Territorial_Disputes_Lessons_and_Prospects">China's Approach towards Territorial Disputes: Lessons and Prospects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26177981" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c83cd50955e3bd150f41f9102830ca5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46502871,"asset_id":26177981,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46502871/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1419639" href="https://erenlai.academia.edu/SanaHashmi">Dr. Sana Hashmi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1419639" type="text/json">{"id":1419639,"first_name":"Dr. Sana","last_name":"Hashmi","domain_name":"erenlai","page_name":"SanaHashmi","display_name":"Dr. Sana Hashmi","profile_url":"https://erenlai.academia.edu/SanaHashmi?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1419639/511574/24600273/s65_sana.hashmi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26177981 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26177981"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26177981, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26177981", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26177981]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26177981").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26177981").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26177981"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20602" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies">China studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20602" type="text/json">{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26177981]'), work: {"id":26177981,"title":"China's Approach towards Territorial Disputes: Lessons and Prospects","created_at":"2016-06-15T02:49:56.980-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26177981/Chinas_Approach_towards_Territorial_Disputes_Lessons_and_Prospects?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_26177981","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46502871,"asset_id":26177981,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1419639,"first_name":"Dr. Sana","last_name":"Hashmi","domain_name":"erenlai","page_name":"SanaHashmi","display_name":"Dr. Sana Hashmi","profile_url":"https://erenlai.academia.edu/SanaHashmi?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1419639/511574/24600273/s65_sana.hashmi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":24550,"name":"Contemporary China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":121162,"name":"India-China relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India-China_relations?f_ri=12108"},{"id":764459,"name":"South China Sea Disputes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_China_Sea_Disputes?f_ri=12108"},{"id":826890,"name":"China's strategy in managing the south china sea disputes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinas_strategy_in_managing_the_south_china_sea_disputes?f_ri=12108"},{"id":1950028,"name":"India China Boundary Dispute","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India_China_Boundary_Dispute?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14169122" data-work_id="14169122" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14169122/The_New_Global_Politics_of_the_Asia_Pacific_Conflict_and_Cooperation_in_the_Asian_Century_">The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century,</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, 3rd Edition ©2017 Routledge: London & New York. 341pp. + x. Link:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14169122" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, 3rd Edition <br />©2017 Routledge: London & New York. 341pp. + x. Link: <a href="https://www.routledge.com/The-New-Global-Politics-of-the-Asia-Pacific-Conflict-and-Cooperation-in/Connors-Davison-Dosch/p/book/9781138647022" rel="nofollow">https://www.routledge.com/The-New-Global-Politics-of-the-Asia-Pacific-Conflict-and-Cooperation-in/Connors-Davison-Dosch/p/book/9781138647022</a> <br /> <br />Now in its new and fully updated third edition, The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific continues to provide a compelling analysis of a region undergoing dramatic changes. Based on new research and offering fresh interpretation, this edition evaluates the prospects for continuing US dominance in the ‘Asian Century’. Whilst presenting evidence for a multifaceted ‘Beijing Strategy’, which aims to counter the US by building an alternative regional order, it also explains Japan’s definitive departure from its limited military role. Key content includes: <br />- Intra-regional conflicts in the South China Sea and the Korean peninsula, <br />- The different responses within the Asia Pacific to globalisation and western ideas of democracy and political economy, <br />- The underappreciated success of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in building a regional identity <br />- The European Union’s soft power in the region. <br />A highly topical account, which offers an overview of the main actors, institutions and contemporary issues in the Asia Pacific, the book will be essential reading for students of Asian Studies, International Politics, and anyone interested in the region. <br /> <br />Michael K. Connors teaches at the University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus and is a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University. He is the co-editor of Thai Politics in Translation: Monarchy, Democracy, Constitution (forthcoming). <br />Remy Davison holds the Jean Monnet Chair in Politics and Economics at Monash University. He is the author of The Political Economy of Single Market Europe (2011). <br />Jörn Dosch is Professor of International Politics and Development Cooperation at the University of Rostock, Germany, and Adjunct Professor at Monash University Malaysia. His recent publications include Malaysia Post-Mahathir: A Decade of Change (2015).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14169122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c052de7c58cda2941467584bfb042c2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54614659,"asset_id":14169122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54614659/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25446206" href="https://monash.academia.edu/RemyDavison">Remy Davison</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25446206" type="text/json">{"id":25446206,"first_name":"Remy","last_name":"Davison","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"RemyDavison","display_name":"Remy Davison","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/RemyDavison?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25446206/6949472/7871623/s65_remy.davison.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14169122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14169122"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14169122, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14169122", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14169122]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14169122").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14169122").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14169122"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="380" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies">Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="380" type="text/json">{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="387" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies">Japanese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="387" type="text/json">{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14169122]'), work: {"id":14169122,"title":"The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century,","created_at":"2015-07-18T01:41:49.955-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14169122/The_New_Global_Politics_of_the_Asia_Pacific_Conflict_and_Cooperation_in_the_Asian_Century_?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_14169122","summary":"The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific: Conflict and Cooperation in the Asian Century, 3rd Edition\r\n©2017 Routledge: London \u0026 New York. 341pp. + x. Link: https://www.routledge.com/The-New-Global-Politics-of-the-Asia-Pacific-Conflict-and-Cooperation-in/Connors-Davison-Dosch/p/book/9781138647022\r\n\r\nNow in its new and fully updated third edition, The New Global Politics of the Asia Pacific continues to provide a compelling analysis of a region undergoing dramatic changes. Based on new research and offering fresh interpretation, this edition evaluates the prospects for continuing US dominance in the ‘Asian Century’. Whilst presenting evidence for a multifaceted ‘Beijing Strategy’, which aims to counter the US by building an alternative regional order, it also explains Japan’s definitive departure from its limited military role. Key content includes: \r\n-\tIntra-regional conflicts in the South China Sea and the Korean peninsula,\r\n-\tThe different responses within the Asia Pacific to globalisation and western ideas of democracy and political economy,\r\n-\tThe underappreciated success of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in building a regional identity\r\n-\tThe European Union’s soft power in the region.\r\nA highly topical account, which offers an overview of the main actors, institutions and contemporary issues in the Asia Pacific, the book will be essential reading for students of Asian Studies, International Politics, and anyone interested in the region.\r\n\r\nMichael K. Connors teaches at the University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus and is a Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University. He is the co-editor of Thai Politics in Translation: Monarchy, Democracy, Constitution (forthcoming). \r\nRemy Davison holds the Jean Monnet Chair in Politics and Economics at Monash University. He is the author of The Political Economy of Single Market Europe (2011).\r\nJörn Dosch is Professor of International Politics and Development Cooperation at the University of Rostock, Germany, and Adjunct Professor at Monash University Malaysia. His recent publications include Malaysia Post-Mahathir: A Decade of Change (2015).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54614659,"asset_id":14169122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25446206,"first_name":"Remy","last_name":"Davison","domain_name":"monash","page_name":"RemyDavison","display_name":"Remy Davison","profile_url":"https://monash.academia.edu/RemyDavison?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25446206/6949472/7871623/s65_remy.davison.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":3902,"name":"Korean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Korean_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":4179,"name":"South Korea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Korea?f_ri=12108"},{"id":4707,"name":"Indonesian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesian_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=12108"},{"id":7669,"name":"Russian Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":8223,"name":"East Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Asian_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":8225,"name":"Taiwan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taiwan_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=12108"},{"id":9379,"name":"Asia Pacific Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia_Pacific_Region?f_ri=12108"},{"id":10344,"name":"International Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Politics?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":12787,"name":"Chinese foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_foreign_policy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=12108"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=12108"},{"id":20602,"name":"China studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":24550,"name":"Contemporary China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_China?f_ri=12108"},{"id":38972,"name":"ASEAN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN?f_ri=12108"},{"id":50550,"name":"United States Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":60924,"name":"Indian foreign policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_foreign_policy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":75328,"name":"Japanese Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":183140,"name":"ASEAN Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASEAN_Studies?f_ri=12108"},{"id":309620,"name":"Asean Economic Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asean_Economic_Community?f_ri=12108"},{"id":430717,"name":"The South China Sea dispute","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_South_China_Sea_dispute?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38035592" data-work_id="38035592" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38035592/Enduring_Legacy_of_Realism_and_the_US_Foreign_Policy_Dynamics_of_Prudence_National_Interest_and_Balance_of_Power">Enduring Legacy of Realism and the US Foreign Policy: Dynamics of Prudence, National Interest and Balance of Power</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The United States pursuing the realist prescription during the cold war helped maintain the balance of power and thus 'peace' among the competing great powers. In the post-cold war era it divorced some of realist assumptions-most... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38035592" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The United States pursuing the realist prescription during the cold war helped maintain the balance of power and thus 'peace' among the competing great powers. In the post-cold war era it divorced some of realist assumptions-most importantly the prudential consideration-and pursued hegemonic policies which not only alienated its allies but also created apprehensions among other great powers about US ambitious grand designs. By pursuing such policies it has challenged not only the legitimacy of certain institutions established since Second World War (like United Nations), but also the institutions being established since Treaty of Westphalia (like state sovereignty). The study postulates that struggle for power and great power politics that had gone to the back-benches for some time during 1990s is very much alive and back in the post 9/11 era generally, and in the past decade specifically, establishing the prominence of enduring legacy of Realism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38035592" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="45ea2b63247c935069cba96750c16c7f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58059196,"asset_id":38035592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58059196/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="556352" href="https://qau.academia.edu/DrMuhammadNadeemMirza">Dr Muhammad Nadeem Mirza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="556352" type="text/json">{"id":556352,"first_name":"Dr Muhammad Nadeem","last_name":"Mirza","domain_name":"qau","page_name":"DrMuhammadNadeemMirza","display_name":"Dr Muhammad Nadeem Mirza","profile_url":"https://qau.academia.edu/DrMuhammadNadeemMirza?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/556352/200966/60179770/s65_dr_muhammad_nadeem.mirza.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38035592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38035592"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38035592, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38035592", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38035592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38035592; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38035592"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38035592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38035592"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38035592; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38035592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38035592").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38035592").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38035592"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5214" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War">Cold War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5214" type="text/json">{"id":5214,"name":"Cold War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegemony">Hegemony</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24879" type="text/json">{"id":24879,"name":"Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegemony?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38035592]'), work: {"id":38035592,"title":"Enduring Legacy of Realism and the US Foreign Policy: Dynamics of Prudence, National Interest and Balance of Power","created_at":"2018-12-24T23:05:53.912-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38035592/Enduring_Legacy_of_Realism_and_the_US_Foreign_Policy_Dynamics_of_Prudence_National_Interest_and_Balance_of_Power?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_38035592","summary":"The United States pursuing the realist prescription during the cold war helped maintain the balance of power and thus 'peace' among the competing great powers. In the post-cold war era it divorced some of realist assumptions-most importantly the prudential consideration-and pursued hegemonic policies which not only alienated its allies but also created apprehensions among other great powers about US ambitious grand designs. By pursuing such policies it has challenged not only the legitimacy of certain institutions established since Second World War (like United Nations), but also the institutions being established since Treaty of Westphalia (like state sovereignty). The study postulates that struggle for power and great power politics that had gone to the back-benches for some time during 1990s is very much alive and back in the post 9/11 era generally, and in the past decade specifically, establishing the prominence of enduring legacy of Realism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58059196,"asset_id":38035592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":556352,"first_name":"Dr Muhammad Nadeem","last_name":"Mirza","domain_name":"qau","page_name":"DrMuhammadNadeemMirza","display_name":"Dr Muhammad Nadeem Mirza","profile_url":"https://qau.academia.edu/DrMuhammadNadeemMirza?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/556352/200966/60179770/s65_dr_muhammad_nadeem.mirza.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":5214,"name":"Cold War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":24879,"name":"Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegemony?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":36487,"name":"U.S. Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/U.S._Foreign_Policy?f_ri=12108"},{"id":64833,"name":"Realism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Realism?f_ri=12108"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=12108"},{"id":120226,"name":"Prudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prudence?f_ri=12108"},{"id":136091,"name":"National Interest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Interest?f_ri=12108"},{"id":364570,"name":"Balance of Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balance_of_Power?f_ri=12108"},{"id":548956,"name":"Great Power Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Power_Politics?f_ri=12108"},{"id":714104,"name":"Moralism and Realism In Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moralism_and_Realism_In_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69816048" data-work_id="69816048" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69816048/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_Why_China_Pursues_It">Belt and Road Initiative: Why China Pursues It</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">RSIS Commentary is a platform to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy-relevant commentary and analysis of topical and contemporary issues. The authors’ views are their own and do not represent the official position of the S.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69816048" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">RSIS Commentary is a platform to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy-relevant commentary and analysis of topical and contemporary issues. The authors’ views are their own and do not represent the official position of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU. These commentaries may be reproduced with prior permission from RSIS and due recognition to the author(s) and RSIS. Please email to Mr Yang Razali Kassim, Editor RSIS Commentary at <a href="mailto:RSISPublications@ntu.edu.sg" rel="nofollow">RSISPublications@ntu.edu.sg</a>.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69816048" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c903783727030dfc434a05b6a3da883" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79766717,"asset_id":69816048,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79766717/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68561498" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/AnuAnwar">Anu Anwar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68561498" type="text/json">{"id":68561498,"first_name":"Anu","last_name":"Anwar","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AnuAnwar","display_name":"Anu Anwar","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/AnuAnwar?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68561498/24639669/114526200/s65_anu.anwar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69816048 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69816048"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69816048, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69816048", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69816048]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69816048").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69816048").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69816048"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2990" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2990" type="text/json">{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2522118" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belt_and_road_initiative">Belt and road initiative</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2522118" type="text/json">{"id":2522118,"name":"Belt and road initiative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belt_and_road_initiative?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69816048]'), work: {"id":69816048,"title":"Belt and Road Initiative: Why China Pursues It","created_at":"2022-01-28T11:31:16.228-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69816048/Belt_and_Road_Initiative_Why_China_Pursues_It?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_69816048","summary":"RSIS Commentary is a platform to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy-relevant commentary and analysis of topical and contemporary issues. The authors’ views are their own and do not represent the official position of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU. These commentaries may be reproduced with prior permission from RSIS and due recognition to the author(s) and RSIS. Please email to Mr Yang Razali Kassim, Editor RSIS Commentary at RSISPublications@ntu.edu.sg.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79766717,"asset_id":69816048,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68561498,"first_name":"Anu","last_name":"Anwar","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"AnuAnwar","display_name":"Anu Anwar","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/AnuAnwar?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68561498/24639669/114526200/s65_anu.anwar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2990,"name":"Geopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geopolitics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":2522118,"name":"Belt and road initiative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belt_and_road_initiative?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49130451" data-work_id="49130451" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49130451/Libro_Vivir_el_Chino">Libro Vivir el Chino</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Chino para hispanohablantes</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49130451" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f2dae40e287ad14efc0c7f9693819a75" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67521039,"asset_id":49130451,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67521039/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="160410922" href="https://uba.academia.edu/PaulaMeli">Paula Meli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="160410922" type="text/json">{"id":160410922,"first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Meli","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"PaulaMeli","display_name":"Paula Meli","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/PaulaMeli?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160410922/47212885/144792634/s65_paula.meli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49130451 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49130451"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49130451, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49130451", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49130451]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49130451").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49130451").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49130451"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14902" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_linguistics">Chinese linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14902" type="text/json">{"id":14902,"name":"Chinese linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_linguistics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93278" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lenguaje">Lenguaje</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="93278" type="text/json">{"id":93278,"name":"Lenguaje","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lenguaje?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="623817" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estudios_Chinos">Estudios Chinos</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="623817" type="text/json">{"id":623817,"name":"Estudios Chinos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estudios_Chinos?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49130451]'), work: {"id":49130451,"title":"Libro Vivir el Chino","created_at":"2021-06-04T16:25:24.298-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49130451/Libro_Vivir_el_Chino?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_49130451","summary":"Chino para hispanohablantes","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67521039,"asset_id":49130451,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":160410922,"first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Meli","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"PaulaMeli","display_name":"Paula Meli","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/PaulaMeli?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/160410922/47212885/144792634/s65_paula.meli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":14902,"name":"Chinese linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_linguistics?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":93278,"name":"Lenguaje","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lenguaje?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":623817,"name":"Estudios Chinos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estudios_Chinos?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60565878" data-work_id="60565878" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60565878/Renewable_Energy_to_Low_Carbon_Economy_A_Critical_Study_on_Sustainable_Development_Policy_of_China">Renewable Energy to Low Carbon Economy: A Critical Study on Sustainable Development Policy of China</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article focuses on low carbon economy and sustainable development of China. For the past 30 years, rapid economic development has heavily altered the society and environment in this country. Renewable energy contributes to promote... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60565878" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article focuses on low carbon economy and sustainable development of China. For the past 30 years, rapid economic development has heavily altered the society and environment in this country. Renewable energy contributes to promote three pillars (economy, ecology and society) of national sustainable development model. China is one of the top energy consumption countries in the world; thereby it has been highly committed to increase the use of renewable energy for the purpose of saving ecology along with supporting on sustainable development of the nation. That is the reason from the government level it has been continuously exploring energy from hydropower, wind, solar, etc. It has been promoting low carbon economy applying through various ways such as: law of renewable energy, top 1000 enterprises energy conservation action program, Golden sun and ICARE.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60565878" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="228ddf400e3d85d3ff9949e22da0b54c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73953744,"asset_id":60565878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73953744/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="158451427" href="https://hust-cn.academia.edu/DrJRenatoPeneluppiJr">J.Renato Peneluppi Jr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="158451427" type="text/json">{"id":158451427,"first_name":"J.Renato","last_name":"Peneluppi Jr","domain_name":"hust-cn","page_name":"DrJRenatoPeneluppiJr","display_name":"J.Renato Peneluppi Jr","profile_url":"https://hust-cn.academia.edu/DrJRenatoPeneluppiJr?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158451427/62447238/50738690/s65_j.renato.peneluppi_jr.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60565878 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60565878"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60565878, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60565878", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60565878]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60565878").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60565878").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60565878"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2738" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy">Renewable Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2738" type="text/json">{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70840" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Carbon_Economy">Low Carbon Economy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70840" type="text/json">{"id":70840,"name":"Low Carbon Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Carbon_Economy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60565878]'), work: {"id":60565878,"title":"Renewable Energy to Low Carbon Economy: A Critical Study on Sustainable Development Policy of China","created_at":"2021-10-31T09:08:08.107-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60565878/Renewable_Energy_to_Low_Carbon_Economy_A_Critical_Study_on_Sustainable_Development_Policy_of_China?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_60565878","summary":"This article focuses on low carbon economy and sustainable development of China. For the past 30 years, rapid economic development has heavily altered the society and environment in this country. Renewable energy contributes to promote three pillars (economy, ecology and society) of national sustainable development model. China is one of the top energy consumption countries in the world; thereby it has been highly committed to increase the use of renewable energy for the purpose of saving ecology along with supporting on sustainable development of the nation. That is the reason from the government level it has been continuously exploring energy from hydropower, wind, solar, etc. It has been promoting low carbon economy applying through various ways such as: law of renewable energy, top 1000 enterprises energy conservation action program, Golden sun and ICARE.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73953744,"asset_id":60565878,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":158451427,"first_name":"J.Renato","last_name":"Peneluppi Jr","domain_name":"hust-cn","page_name":"DrJRenatoPeneluppiJr","display_name":"J.Renato Peneluppi Jr","profile_url":"https://hust-cn.academia.edu/DrJRenatoPeneluppiJr?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158451427/62447238/50738690/s65_j.renato.peneluppi_jr.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":70840,"name":"Low Carbon Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Carbon_Economy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":1215268,"name":"Sustainable Development Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development_Policy?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25055149" data-work_id="25055149" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25055149/SINO_EUROPEAN_RELATIONS_DURING_THE_COLD_WAR_AND_THE_RISE_OF_A_MULTIPOLAR_WORLD">SINO-EUROPEAN RELATIONS DURING THE COLD WAR AND THE RISE OF A MULTIPOLAR WORLD</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This publication is the fruit of a one-of-a-kind conference, which took place in Palermo, Italy, in 2012. The conference brought together veteran diplomats from Albania, China, Italy, Poland, Romania, and the United Kingdom, and paired... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25055149" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This publication is the fruit of a one-of-a-kind conference, which took place in Palermo, Italy, in 2012. The conference brought together veteran diplomats from Albania, China, Italy, Poland, Romania, and the United Kingdom, and paired them face-to-face with historians from around the world. For several days, participants engaged in what is known as “critical oral history.” <br /><br />Methodologically, critical oral history allows for substantive dialogue between foreign policy practitioners and scholars. It allows participants to go beyond and challenge individual recollections and to fill in the blank spots in the historical record. The dialogue that took place between former officials and the scholars in Palermo was unique, making this a milestone event in the discipline. <br /><br />What is perhaps most interesting about this volume is that the wealth of information and perspectives contained herewith have not been publically accessible before. This arises from the volume’s unique composition. It combines translations of formerly secret documents from ten different countries, with the rich oral history testimonies of ambassadors and diplomats from nearly as many nations. History could hardly be more international than how it is presented here.<br /><br />The new data collected here is all the more valuable because the subject matter, Sino-European relations during the Cold War, is so fascinating, so timely, and so relevant. The “socialization” between China and the West in 1960s and 1970s, examined exhaustively in this volume, still weighs heavily on the international system today. Why? If the bipolar system of the 1960s and 1970s was marked by superpower détente, the parallel tentative emergence of a new order—an increasingly multipolar world—was grounded in the dialogue between middle powers: China and Europe. <br /><br />As this volume demonstrates, Sino-European interaction and the resulting transformation of the Cold War order were the outcomes of Europe’s forward thinking diplomacy and Beijing’s genuine desire for independence on the international stage. De Gaulle’s vision of French grandeur inaugurated Europe’s overture to Beijing in 1960s. Later, the universalist impulses of and the emphasis on inclusiveness in Italian foreign policy found fertile ground in the ashes of the Cultural revolution. These and other shifts in the European political landscape added a normative horizon to Europe’s diplomatic contacts with Beijing and opened the door to Beijing’s return to the broader family of nations, thanks to its participation to the United Nations since the 1970s.<br /><br />Presenting profound insights into the diplomatic paths that determined these historical transformations, this volume is not just useful for seasoned academics. It is also highly instructive for the new generation of diplomats. It is this generation which must appreciate how the different political cultures of Europe and China affect relations today, but it also this generation that ought to understand the shared history between Europe and China and its role in shaping the challenging times we live in.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25055149" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90b0c4aae1cde8aa448dd67b563bb596" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45375240,"asset_id":25055149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45375240/download_file?st=MTczMjcxNjE4NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11214679" href="https://pku.academia.edu/EnricoFardella">Enrico Fardella</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11214679" type="text/json">{"id":11214679,"first_name":"Enrico","last_name":"Fardella","domain_name":"pku","page_name":"EnricoFardella","display_name":"Enrico Fardella","profile_url":"https://pku.academia.edu/EnricoFardella?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11214679/3467548/4074997/s65_enrico.fardella.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25055149 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25055149"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25055149, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25055149", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25055149]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25055149").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25055149").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25055149"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5214" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War">Cold War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5214" type="text/json">{"id":5214,"name":"Cold War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8697" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy">European Foreign Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8697" type="text/json">{"id":8697,"name":"European Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25055149]'), work: {"id":25055149,"title":"SINO-EUROPEAN RELATIONS DURING THE COLD WAR AND THE RISE OF A MULTIPOLAR WORLD","created_at":"2016-05-05T07:03:46.041-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25055149/SINO_EUROPEAN_RELATIONS_DURING_THE_COLD_WAR_AND_THE_RISE_OF_A_MULTIPOLAR_WORLD?f_ri=12108","dom_id":"work_25055149","summary":"This publication is the fruit of a one-of-a-kind conference, which took place in Palermo, Italy, in 2012. The conference brought together veteran diplomats from Albania, China, Italy, Poland, Romania, and the United Kingdom, and paired them face-to-face with historians from around the world. For several days, participants engaged in what is known as “critical oral history.” \n\nMethodologically, critical oral history allows for substantive dialogue between foreign policy practitioners and scholars. It allows participants to go beyond and challenge individual recollections and to fill in the blank spots in the historical record. The dialogue that took place between former officials and the scholars in Palermo was unique, making this a milestone event in the discipline. \n\nWhat is perhaps most interesting about this volume is that the wealth of information and perspectives contained herewith have not been publically accessible before. This arises from the volume’s unique composition. It combines translations of formerly secret documents from ten different countries, with the rich oral history testimonies of ambassadors and diplomats from nearly as many nations. History could hardly be more international than how it is presented here.\n\nThe new data collected here is all the more valuable because the subject matter, Sino-European relations during the Cold War, is so fascinating, so timely, and so relevant. The “socialization” between China and the West in 1960s and 1970s, examined exhaustively in this volume, still weighs heavily on the international system today. Why? If the bipolar system of the 1960s and 1970s was marked by superpower détente, the parallel tentative emergence of a new order—an increasingly multipolar world—was grounded in the dialogue between middle powers: China and Europe. \n\nAs this volume demonstrates, Sino-European interaction and the resulting transformation of the Cold War order were the outcomes of Europe’s forward thinking diplomacy and Beijing’s genuine desire for independence on the international stage. De Gaulle’s vision of French grandeur inaugurated Europe’s overture to Beijing in 1960s. Later, the universalist impulses of and the emphasis on inclusiveness in Italian foreign policy found fertile ground in the ashes of the Cultural revolution. These and other shifts in the European political landscape added a normative horizon to Europe’s diplomatic contacts with Beijing and opened the door to Beijing’s return to the broader family of nations, thanks to its participation to the United Nations since the 1970s.\n\nPresenting profound insights into the diplomatic paths that determined these historical transformations, this volume is not just useful for seasoned academics. It is also highly instructive for the new generation of diplomats. It is this generation which must appreciate how the different political cultures of Europe and China affect relations today, but it also this generation that ought to understand the shared history between Europe and China and its role in shaping the challenging times we live in.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45375240,"asset_id":25055149,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11214679,"first_name":"Enrico","last_name":"Fardella","domain_name":"pku","page_name":"EnricoFardella","display_name":"Enrico Fardella","profile_url":"https://pku.academia.edu/EnricoFardella?f_ri=12108","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11214679/3467548/4074997/s65_enrico.fardella.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":5214,"name":"Cold War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":8697,"name":"European Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=12108","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=12108"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12959974" data-work_id="12959974" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12959974/ILLUSIONISTIC_TECNIQUE_OF_GIUSEPPE_CASTIGLIONE_S_J_1688_1766_"> ILLUSIONISTIC TECNIQUE OF GIUSEPPE CASTIGLIONE S.J. (1688-1766)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Report on latest interpretation of Illusionistic tecnique of Giuseppe Castiglione S.J. 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