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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">French Revolution</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">21,574 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>French Revolution</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/French_Revolution">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42135376" data-work_id="42135376" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42135376/Louis_Charbonneau_Lassay_Simboli_della_Vandea_recensione_">Louis Charbonneau-Lassay, “Simboli della Vandea” [recensione]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">[Recensione] Louis Charbonneau-Lassay, “Simboli della Vandea”, in «Domus Europa», 02/03/2020: <a href="http://www.domus-europa.eu/?p=8421" rel="nofollow">http://www.domus-europa.eu/?p=8421</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42135376" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a2cae42c7ed265bf1ba8bbc9a506e12" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62271770,"asset_id":42135376,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62271770/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="82797180" href="https://unipd.academia.edu/RiccardoPasqualin">Riccardo Pasqualin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="82797180" type="text/json">{"id":82797180,"first_name":"Riccardo","last_name":"Pasqualin","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"RiccardoPasqualin","display_name":"Riccardo Pasqualin","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/RiccardoPasqualin?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82797180/19903062/19711762/s65_riccardo.pasqualin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42135376 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42135376"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42135376, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42135376", }); 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It tries to combine two often separated streams of research: the sacralisation of the nation and the pluralisation of religions. It will also be argued that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37435172" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article puts the focus on the role of religion during the French Revolution. It tries to combine two often separated streams of research: the sacralisation of the nation and the pluralisation of religions. It will also be argued that there is not only one type of violent religion during revolution. "Religion" does not necessarily lead to violent conflicts but there are other kinds of religion during revolutions: for example religions of political indifference as well as concepts of universal religion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37435172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="79dce1e8d589b5a055b9b84326198679" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57401099,"asset_id":37435172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57401099/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1232104" href="https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/ManuelStadler">Manuel Stadler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1232104" type="text/json">{"id":1232104,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Stadler","domain_name":"uni-leipzig","page_name":"ManuelStadler","display_name":"Manuel Stadler","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/ManuelStadler?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1232104/3529342/167491536/s65_manuel.stadler.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37435172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37435172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37435172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37435172", }); 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It tries to combine two often separated streams of research: the sacralisation of the nation and the pluralisation of religions. It will also be argued that there is not only one type of violent religion during revolution. \"Religion\" does not necessarily lead to violent conflicts but there are other kinds of religion during revolutions: for example religions of political indifference as well as concepts of universal religion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57401099,"asset_id":37435172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1232104,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Stadler","domain_name":"uni-leipzig","page_name":"ManuelStadler","display_name":"Manuel Stadler","profile_url":"https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/ManuelStadler?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1232104/3529342/167491536/s65_manuel.stadler.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":217,"name":"Sociology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Religion?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":9803,"name":"Social Drama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Drama?f_ri=4652"},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652"},{"id":110888,"name":"Gallicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallicanism?f_ri=4652"},{"id":139925,"name":"Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleon?f_ri=4652"},{"id":323501,"name":"Schisma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schisma?f_ri=4652"},{"id":448244,"name":"Religious Conflicts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Conflicts?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2425995" data-work_id="2425995" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2425995/The_French_Revolution_from_a_Turkish_Perspective">The French Revolution from a Turkish Perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2425995" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="551ceb9ee69c262e5f9c2b889d19765f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30881488,"asset_id":2425995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30881488/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="114860" href="https://uu.academia.edu/OzanOzavci">Ozan Ozavci</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="114860" type="text/json">{"id":114860,"first_name":"Ozan","last_name":"Ozavci","domain_name":"uu","page_name":"OzanOzavci","display_name":"Ozan Ozavci","profile_url":"https://uu.academia.edu/OzanOzavci?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114860/1035696/30452769/s65_ozan.ozavci.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2425995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2425995"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2425995, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2425995", }); 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Gramsci cherche en... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72499758" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden"><a href="https://classiques-garnier.com/l-histoire-et-la-question-de-la-modernite-chez-antonio-gramsci.html" rel="nofollow">https://classiques-garnier.com/l-histoire-et-la-question-de-la-modernite-chez-antonio-gramsci.html</a> <br /><br />Le marxisme ouvert d’Antonio Gramsci permet de redéfinir la philosophie de l’histoire en échappant à tout dogmatisme. Gramsci cherche en effet à penser le processus historique dans sa consistance tout en accordant un rôle central à l’activité et aux luttes humaines, en particulier grâce aux notions de praxis, d’hégémonie et de rapports de forces. L’auteur des Cahiers de prison s’attache ainsi à comprendre la complexité de la modernité européenne, depuis ses origines jusqu’à la crise organique qui marque son temps, et s’arrête notamment sur la Renaissance, la Réforme, la Révolution française, le Risorgimento, l’américanisme, le fascisme et le socialisme soviétique.<br /><br />While the very possibility of a philosophy of history has been widely questioned, this book shows that Antonio Gramsci’s open Marxism gives it new life, away from all dogmatism. Gramsci seeks to conceive the historical process in its consistency while giving a central role to human agency and struggles, thanks to notions such as praxis, hegemony and relations of force. His determination to understand both the coherence and the complexity of European modernity leads him to trace its development from its origins to the organic crisis it was undergoing in his time, from the Renaissance and the Reformation to Americanism, Fascism and Soviet socialism, via the French Revolution and the Risorgimento.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72499758" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f7ea57a5c68c62d9d6986689591c053" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81403264,"asset_id":72499758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81403264/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14048306" href="https://u-paris10.academia.edu/YohannDouet">Yohann Douet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14048306" type="text/json">{"id":14048306,"first_name":"Yohann","last_name":"Douet","domain_name":"u-paris10","page_name":"YohannDouet","display_name":"Yohann Douet","profile_url":"https://u-paris10.academia.edu/YohannDouet?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14048306/4382195/82808761/s65_yohann.douet.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72499758 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72499758"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72499758, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72499758", }); 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Gramsci cherche en effet à penser le processus historique dans sa consistance tout en accordant un rôle central à l’activité et aux luttes humaines, en particulier grâce aux notions de praxis, d’hégémonie et de rapports de forces. L’auteur des Cahiers de prison s’attache ainsi à comprendre la complexité de la modernité européenne, depuis ses origines jusqu’à la crise organique qui marque son temps, et s’arrête notamment sur la Renaissance, la Réforme, la Révolution française, le Risorgimento, l’américanisme, le fascisme et le socialisme soviétique.\n\nWhile the very possibility of a philosophy of history has been widely questioned, this book shows that Antonio Gramsci’s open Marxism gives it new life, away from all dogmatism. Gramsci seeks to conceive the historical process in its consistency while giving a central role to human agency and struggles, thanks to notions such as praxis, hegemony and relations of force. His determination to understand both the coherence and the complexity of European modernity leads him to trace its development from its origins to the organic crisis it was undergoing in his time, from the Renaissance and the Reformation to Americanism, Fascism and Soviet socialism, via the French Revolution and the Risorgimento.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81403264,"asset_id":72499758,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14048306,"first_name":"Yohann","last_name":"Douet","domain_name":"u-paris10","page_name":"YohannDouet","display_name":"Yohann 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Berkovitz, "The Napoleonic Sanhedrin: Halakhic Foundations and Rabbinical Legacy" CCAR Journal 54 (2007): 11-34.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8003941" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b95bd4024b8f3973398389d663f9bcc7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35669008,"asset_id":8003941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35669008/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14197045" href="https://umass.academia.edu/JayBerkovitz">Jay R Berkovitz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14197045" type="text/json">{"id":14197045,"first_name":"Jay","last_name":"Berkovitz","domain_name":"umass","page_name":"JayBerkovitz","display_name":"Jay R Berkovitz","profile_url":"https://umass.academia.edu/JayBerkovitz?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14197045/4110296/19439247/s65_jay.berkovitz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8003941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8003941"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8003941, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8003941", }); 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Pratiques et discours sur la matérialité des oeuvres d'art, Rennes, PUR, 2012.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En restituant avec précision une période essentielle de l’histoire de la restauration de peinture, ce livre ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour la recherche en histoire de l’art et souligne que les œuvres sont perpétuellement... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2073738" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En restituant avec précision une période essentielle de l’histoire de la restauration de peinture, ce livre ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour la recherche en histoire de l’art et souligne que les œuvres sont perpétuellement transformées et instables. Chaque modification invite à redéfinir ce qu’est un tableau, au gré des époques et des pays. L’activité de restauration s’apparente alors à une forme de réception mais aussi de recréation des peintures, dans laquelle le geste est inséparable de la pensée, et la pratique de la théorie.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2073738" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2001957001e549acd87301a65d1a03d4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":29801714,"asset_id":2073738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29801714/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1134414" href="https://univie.academia.edu/No%C3%A9mieEtienne">Noémie Etienne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1134414" type="text/json">{"id":1134414,"first_name":"Noémie","last_name":"Etienne","domain_name":"univie","page_name":"NoémieEtienne","display_name":"Noémie Etienne","profile_url":"https://univie.academia.edu/No%C3%A9mieEtienne?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1134414/397939/11588667/s65_no_mie.etienne.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2073738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2073738"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2073738, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2073738", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2073738]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2073738").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2073738").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2073738"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies">Museum Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1657" type="text/json">{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies">Museum Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1657" type="text/json">{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1657" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies">Museum Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1657" type="text/json">{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2073738]'), work: {"id":2073738,"title":"La restauration des peintures à Paris (1750-1815). Pratiques et discours sur la matérialité des oeuvres d'art, Rennes, PUR, 2012.","created_at":"2012-10-31T20:53:57.525-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2073738/La_restauration_des_peintures_%C3%A0_Paris_1750_1815_Pratiques_et_discours_sur_la_mat%C3%A9rialit%C3%A9_des_oeuvres_dart_Rennes_PUR_2012?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_2073738","summary":"En restituant avec précision une période essentielle de l’histoire de la restauration de peinture, ce livre ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour la recherche en histoire de l’art et souligne que les œuvres sont perpétuellement transformées et instables. Chaque modification invite à redéfinir ce qu’est un tableau, au gré des époques et des pays. L’activité de restauration s’apparente alors à une forme de réception mais aussi de recréation des peintures, dans laquelle le geste est inséparable de la pensée, et la pratique de la théorie.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29801714,"asset_id":2073738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":36513820,"asset_id":2073738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1134414,"first_name":"Noémie","last_name":"Etienne","domain_name":"univie","page_name":"NoémieEtienne","display_name":"Noémie Etienne","profile_url":"https://univie.academia.edu/No%C3%A9mieEtienne?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1134414/397939/11588667/s65_no_mie.etienne.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1657,"name":"Museum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Museum_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=4652"},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652"},{"id":6735,"name":"Heritage Conservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritage_Conservation?f_ri=4652"},{"id":27366,"name":"18th Century France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_France?f_ri=4652"},{"id":55872,"name":"Science for Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_for_Conservation_and_Restoration_of_Cultural_Heritage?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2286798" data-work_id="2286798" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2286798/Clausewitz_La_campagna_del_1796_in_Italia">Clausewitz, La campagna del 1796 in Italia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Clausewitz è celeberrimo per la sua opera Vom Kriege (Della Guerra), unanimemente considerato uno dei classici imprescindibili dell'arte militare, ma pochi sanno che il Vom Kriege raccoglie solo i primi tre volumi dei lavori incompiuti... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2286798" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Clausewitz è celeberrimo per la sua opera Vom Kriege (Della Guerra), unanimemente considerato uno dei classici imprescindibili dell'arte militare, ma pochi sanno che il Vom Kriege raccoglie solo i primi tre volumi dei lavori incompiuti del generale prussiano (Hinterlassene Werke über Krieg und Kriegführung), gli altri, secondo il principio, caro all'autore, che gli historische Beispiele machen Alles klar (gli esempi storici rendono tutto chiaro), essendone il complemento ed il sussidio. Infatti, nei volumi successivi, il riferimento corre continuamente alle enunciazioni dei primi tre volumi, per dimostrarne la validità e discutere i rischi della mancata applicazione dei princìpi, talvolta per emendarli, migliorarli ed adattarli alle situazioni specifiche, senza in ogni caso mai discostarsene. Questa opera, il primo dei restanti volumi, il quarto in generale, dunque non è solo il resoconto talvolta impietoso degli accadimenti militari e politici, ma una dettagliata ed acuta analisi dei processi decisionali e delle opzioni tattiche, degli errori e delle scelte corrette di entrambi i contendenti della prima Campagna d'Italia (1796-97). È anche un riconoscimento, spesso intriso di spunti polemici e malcelato odio, delle capacità del giovane generale Bonaparte, che al suo primo comando indipendente, trasformò un esercito di straccioni, indisciplinati e demotivati, privi di vestiario, vettovaglie e armamento, in un formidabile strumento di guerra, che non solo inflisse continue e ripetute sconfitte a due eserciti alleati, ma impose trattati di pace - qui riprodotti - con pesanti condizioni in termini economici, politici e territoriali a tutti gli altri stati italiani, cancellandone persino uno dalla mappa geografica. Nomi come Montenotte, Millesimo, Dego, Lodi, Lonato, Castiglione, Rovereto, Bassano, La Favorita, San Giorgio, Arcole, Rivoli, Mantova, non furono altro che le principali tappe di una delle campagne più decisive della storia e sancirono il mito di Napoleone come generale abilissimo, fortunato ed invincibile e l'inizio della sua parabola stupefacente, mossa da un'ambizione senza più limiti che portò guerra e distruzione, ma anche il fuoco inestinguibile dei valori rivoluzionari, in tutta l'Europa nel corso dei successivi vent'anni. In appendice, ad opera del curatore, una esaustiva cronologia, dieci ordini di battaglia, un dizionario dei principali protagonisti della campagna, una raccolta di trattati e armistizi, una corposa bibliografia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2286798" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0a21af6a36afbfbc14431d0fae2e0f9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30335525,"asset_id":2286798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30335525/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="536692" href="https://uniba-it.academia.edu/GiovanniCerinoBadone">Giovanni Cerino Badone</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="536692" type="text/json">{"id":536692,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Cerino Badone","domain_name":"uniba-it","page_name":"GiovanniCerinoBadone","display_name":"Giovanni Cerino Badone","profile_url":"https://uniba-it.academia.edu/GiovanniCerinoBadone?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/536692/291765/17274603/s65_giovanni.cerino_badone.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2286798 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2286798"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2286798, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2286798", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2286798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2286798").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2286798").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2286798"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="579" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_">Strategy (Military Science)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="579" type="text/json">{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1172" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austria_European_History_">Austria (European History)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1172" type="text/json">{"id":1172,"name":"Austria (European History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austria_European_History_?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History">French History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1181" type="text/json">{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2286798]'), work: {"id":2286798,"title":"Clausewitz, La campagna del 1796 in Italia","created_at":"2012-12-13T09:14:20.626-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2286798/Clausewitz_La_campagna_del_1796_in_Italia?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_2286798","summary":"Clausewitz è celeberrimo per la sua opera Vom Kriege (Della Guerra), unanimemente considerato uno dei classici imprescindibili dell'arte militare, ma pochi sanno che il Vom Kriege raccoglie solo i primi tre volumi dei lavori incompiuti del generale prussiano (Hinterlassene Werke über Krieg und Kriegführung), gli altri, secondo il principio, caro all'autore, che gli historische Beispiele machen Alles klar (gli esempi storici rendono tutto chiaro), essendone il complemento ed il sussidio. Infatti, nei volumi successivi, il riferimento corre continuamente alle enunciazioni dei primi tre volumi, per dimostrarne la validità e discutere i rischi della mancata applicazione dei princìpi, talvolta per emendarli, migliorarli ed adattarli alle situazioni specifiche, senza in ogni caso mai discostarsene. Questa opera, il primo dei restanti volumi, il quarto in generale, dunque non è solo il resoconto talvolta impietoso degli accadimenti militari e politici, ma una dettagliata ed acuta analisi dei processi decisionali e delle opzioni tattiche, degli errori e delle scelte corrette di entrambi i contendenti della prima Campagna d'Italia (1796-97). È anche un riconoscimento, spesso intriso di spunti polemici e malcelato odio, delle capacità del giovane generale Bonaparte, che al suo primo comando indipendente, trasformò un esercito di straccioni, indisciplinati e demotivati, privi di vestiario, vettovaglie e armamento, in un formidabile strumento di guerra, che non solo inflisse continue e ripetute sconfitte a due eserciti alleati, ma impose trattati di pace - qui riprodotti - con pesanti condizioni in termini economici, politici e territoriali a tutti gli altri stati italiani, cancellandone persino uno dalla mappa geografica. Nomi come Montenotte, Millesimo, Dego, Lodi, Lonato, Castiglione, Rovereto, Bassano, La Favorita, San Giorgio, Arcole, Rivoli, Mantova, non furono altro che le principali tappe di una delle campagne più decisive della storia e sancirono il mito di Napoleone come generale abilissimo, fortunato ed invincibile e l'inizio della sua parabola stupefacente, mossa da un'ambizione senza più limiti che portò guerra e distruzione, ma anche il fuoco inestinguibile dei valori rivoluzionari, in tutta l'Europa nel corso dei successivi vent'anni. In appendice, ad opera del curatore, una esaustiva cronologia, dieci ordini di battaglia, un dizionario dei principali protagonisti della campagna, una raccolta di trattati e armistizi, una corposa bibliografia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30335525,"asset_id":2286798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":536692,"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Cerino Badone","domain_name":"uniba-it","page_name":"GiovanniCerinoBadone","display_name":"Giovanni Cerino Badone","profile_url":"https://uniba-it.academia.edu/GiovanniCerinoBadone?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/536692/291765/17274603/s65_giovanni.cerino_badone.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy_Military_Science_?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1172,"name":"Austria (European History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austria_European_History_?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1744,"name":"Italian (European History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_European_History_?f_ri=4652"},{"id":3873,"name":"Strategic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Studies?f_ri=4652"},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652"},{"id":12567,"name":"Napoleonic Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_Wars?f_ri=4652"},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652"},{"id":31856,"name":"19th Century Prussia/Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_Century_Prussia_Germany?f_ri=4652"},{"id":33210,"name":"Battlefields","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Battlefields?f_ri=4652"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy?f_ri=4652"},{"id":100218,"name":"Clausewitz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clausewitz?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12177643" data-work_id="12177643" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12177643/ALL_OLD_MASTER_PORTRAITS_ARE_OVER_PAINTS">ALL OLD MASTER PORTRAITS ARE OVER PAINTS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">I N T R O D U C T I ON Press Communiqué: OPENING SURINAME BLUE BLOOD IS BLACK BLOOD MUSEUM EGMOND CODFRIED (Paramaribo, 1959), writer and publicist, is the inventor of the Blue Blood is Black Blood Theory (2005) that states that Europe... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12177643" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">I N T R O D U C T I ON <br />Press Communiqué:<br />OPENING SURINAME BLUE BLOOD IS BLACK BLOOD MUSEUM<br /><br />EGMOND CODFRIED (Paramaribo, 1959), writer and publicist, is the inventor of the Blue Blood is Black Blood Theory (2005) that states that Europe between 1100 and 1848, was dominated by an elite, which was described as brown and black of complexion. He exhibits his collection of reproductions from often-unknown historical portraits that makes this museum the only one that concerns itself with the true looks of historical personages. Prince William I of Orange (1533-1518) was described as ‘More brown then white,’ and ‘brown of complexion and the beard.’ (Beresteyn, 1933: 1) Some of them, like William I of Orange, his father-in-law Maurice of Saxony, and Jane Austen (1775-1817) had, next to brown or black skin, also (strong) classical African facial traits: thick prognastic lips, and/or broad noses and frizzled hair; which once stood for pure noble blood: Blue blood. They were the descendents of the Blue Men, the black and brown original Europeans who came 45.000 years ago from Africa (Grimaldi Man). And part of which, between 1100-1200; declared themselves a nobility, and thus true Europeans. Intermarriage to remain black of complexion, and a noble lifestyle were both required. They self-styled as protectors against the Normans, civilised and christianised the white Europeans, who had only 6000 years earlier arrived from Central Asia, and who now became the Serfs which the nobility exploited. Typical for this lordship was the cruel way protest was dealt with, with executions by quartering, breaking of limps and disembowelling, and by throwing the intestines in the fire while still attached to the body. But the cruelest punishment must have been the public, live flaying. Therefore there existed a European trade in human skins till 1848, and these skins were industrially worked into bookbindings, clothing and even shoes for the elite. Church doors were lined with human skin, which fact shows that the exploitation of whites was regarded as the will of god. Theirs was a cast-society with the whites as outcasts. This information illustrates better why there was a need for a Declaration of The Rights of Man (1760), because the white Serfs asked their noble masters to be accepted as human beings. Then the Enlightened, Black high bourgeoisie ‘scientist,’ the intellectual elite, invented human races and placed the whites, the majority of the population, for strategic purposes; at the top of the evolutionary ladder, and the Moor all the way below, just above the great Apes. The Moor (Othello, Mr. Elton, Black Madonna’s, and the heraldic little Moors) symbolized nobility and Black Superiority. With this, they showed their true feelings for the high nobility with their ideas about Black Superiority.  The French Revolution (179-1794) initiated a change and brought the middling classes, the capitalist elite to power, but little changed for the poor working class people. Because of restorations like those by Napoleon, it took till the final revolutions of 1848, that the white Europeans were emancipated and the nobility lost it ‘privileges.’ Jane Austen was described as ‘brunette of complexion,’ and ‘a brown, not a pink colour’ and she made all her novel personages light brown, brown, very brown and black of complexion. She wrote against the change of status of the Black Elite. The Surinamese Governors and slave masters were members of this coloured or noble aristocracy. After 1848 history became revisionist, thus painted white. They created a fake, whitened history by using whitened, fashionable and propagandist portraits that were commissioned by the brown and black complexioned elite; who sometimes in real life painted themselves white or bleached their skins. The merit of the Blue Blood theory is deconstructing revisionism in history and deconstruction of Racism against Blacks, which was caused by the cruel, but civilising and christianising, oppression. Whites fear and hate Blacks because Blacks once ruled them. Racism is a liberation ideology. All unscientific theories about race and skull measuring etc. were invented to declare these Historical Blacks to be whites and thus hide Black Supremacy rule. This new museum, in a staircase of his home, with the blessing of Vestia Den Haag Zuid Oost, and only accessible by appointment; welcomes everybody, for which reason the entrance fee is only euro 1. The public can see portraits of Black Rulers and their Black Queens. There are reproductions of portraits of nobles and slave masters, which were never before shown publicly and are hidden in family- or scientific collections because of Black looks. There will be postcards and books for sale. This museum in The Hague will lead to the finding of a Suriname Museum of Black History in Suriname in 2013. bluebloodisblackblood.blogspot.com<br /><br />Information. Egmond Codfried / 06427799<br />The Hague, 15 June 2012.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12177643" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a6c14431e271d84b49c00271fe7efa9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37476262,"asset_id":12177643,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37476262/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11377947" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EgmondCodfried">Egmond Codfried</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11377947" type="text/json">{"id":11377947,"first_name":"Egmond","last_name":"Codfried","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EgmondCodfried","display_name":"Egmond Codfried","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EgmondCodfried?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11377947/3349810/3941636/s65_egmond.codfried.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12177643 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12177643"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12177643, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12177643", }); 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He exhibits his collection of reproductions from often-unknown historical portraits that makes this museum the only one that concerns itself with the true looks of historical personages. Prince William I of Orange (1533-1518) was described as ‘More brown then white,’ and ‘brown of complexion and the beard.’ (Beresteyn, 1933: 1) Some of them, like William I of Orange, his father-in-law Maurice of Saxony, and Jane Austen (1775-1817) had, next to brown or black skin, also (strong) classical African facial traits: thick prognastic lips, and/or broad noses and frizzled hair; which once stood for pure noble blood: Blue blood. They were the descendents of the Blue Men, the black and brown original Europeans who came 45.000 years ago from Africa (Grimaldi Man). And part of which, between 1100-1200; declared themselves a nobility, and thus true Europeans. Intermarriage to remain black of complexion, and a noble lifestyle were both required. They self-styled as protectors against the Normans, civilised and christianised the white Europeans, who had only 6000 years earlier arrived from Central Asia, and who now became the Serfs which the nobility exploited. Typical for this lordship was the cruel way protest was dealt with, with executions by quartering, breaking of limps and disembowelling, and by throwing the intestines in the fire while still attached to the body. But the cruelest punishment must have been the public, live flaying. Therefore there existed a European trade in human skins till 1848, and these skins were industrially worked into bookbindings, clothing and even shoes for the elite. Church doors were lined with human skin, which fact shows that the exploitation of whites was regarded as the will of god. Theirs was a cast-society with the whites as outcasts. This information illustrates better why there was a need for a Declaration of The Rights of Man (1760), because the white Serfs asked their noble masters to be accepted as human beings. Then the Enlightened, Black high bourgeoisie ‘scientist,’ the intellectual elite, invented human races and placed the whites, the majority of the population, for strategic purposes; at the top of the evolutionary ladder, and the Moor all the way below, just above the great Apes. The Moor (Othello, Mr. Elton, Black Madonna’s, and the heraldic little Moors) symbolized nobility and Black Superiority. With this, they showed their true feelings for the high nobility with their ideas about Black Superiority. The French Revolution (179-1794) initiated a change and brought the middling classes, the capitalist elite to power, but little changed for the poor working class people. Because of restorations like those by Napoleon, it took till the final revolutions of 1848, that the white Europeans were emancipated and the nobility lost it ‘privileges.’ Jane Austen was described as ‘brunette of complexion,’ and ‘a brown, not a pink colour’ and she made all her novel personages light brown, brown, very brown and black of complexion. She wrote against the change of status of the Black Elite. The Surinamese Governors and slave masters were members of this coloured or noble aristocracy. After 1848 history became revisionist, thus painted white. They created a fake, whitened history by using whitened, fashionable and propagandist portraits that were commissioned by the brown and black complexioned elite; who sometimes in real life painted themselves white or bleached their skins. The merit of the Blue Blood theory is deconstructing revisionism in history and deconstruction of Racism against Blacks, which was caused by the cruel, but civilising and christianising, oppression. Whites fear and hate Blacks because Blacks once ruled them. Racism is a liberation ideology. All unscientific theories about race and skull measuring etc. were invented to declare these Historical Blacks to be whites and thus hide Black Supremacy rule. This new museum, in a staircase of his home, with the blessing of Vestia Den Haag Zuid Oost, and only accessible by appointment; welcomes everybody, for which reason the entrance fee is only euro 1. The public can see portraits of Black Rulers and their Black Queens. There are reproductions of portraits of nobles and slave masters, which were never before shown publicly and are hidden in family- or scientific collections because of Black looks. There will be postcards and books for sale. This museum in The Hague will lead to the finding of a Suriname Museum of Black History in Suriname in 2013. bluebloodisblackblood.blogspot.com\n\nInformation. Egmond Codfried / 06427799\nThe Hague, 15 June 2012.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37476262,"asset_id":12177643,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11377947,"first_name":"Egmond","last_name":"Codfried","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EgmondCodfried","display_name":"Egmond Codfried","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EgmondCodfried?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11377947/3349810/3941636/s65_egmond.codfried.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":7335,"name":"Jane 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Diop","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cheick_Anta_Diop?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1912558,"name":"Egmond Codfried","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egmond_Codfried?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1913893,"name":"Blue Blood Is Black Blood 1100-1848","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blue_Blood_Is_Black_Blood_1100-1848?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1913895,"name":"Blacks in Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blacks_in_Antiquity?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1917512,"name":"AMSTERDAM UNIVERSITY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AMSTERDAM_UNIVERSITY?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1918260,"name":"Serfs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serfs?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63951888" data-work_id="63951888" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63951888/Dictionnaire_des_Conventionnels_1792_1795_">Dictionnaire des Conventionnels (1792-1795)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Michel Biard, Philippe Bourdin, Hervé Leuwers (dir.), Dictionnaire des Conventionnels, 1792-1795, Ferney-Voltaire, Centre international d'étude du XVIIIe siècle, 2022, 1300 p. en 2 volumes ISBN : 978-2-84559-153-0 Jusqu'au 15 février... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63951888" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Michel Biard, Philippe Bourdin, Hervé Leuwers (dir.), Dictionnaire des Conventionnels, 1792-1795, Ferney-Voltaire, Centre international d'étude du XVIIIe siècle, 2022, 1300 p. en 2 volumes<br />ISBN : 978-2-84559-153-0<br />Jusqu'au 15 février 2022, l'ouvrage est en souscription : <br /> <a href="https://www.etudesrobespierristes.com/2021/11/30/dictionnaire-des-conventionnels/" rel="nofollow">https://www.etudesrobespierristes.com/2021/11/30/dictionnaire-des-conventionnels/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63951888" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47024ec556b8f850ea636bee23c7832a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76205052,"asset_id":63951888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63951888"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History">French History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1181" type="text/json">{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4653" type="text/json">{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6761" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosopography">Prosopography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6761" type="text/json">{"id":6761,"name":"Prosopography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosopography?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63951888]'), work: {"id":63951888,"title":"Dictionnaire des Conventionnels (1792-1795)","created_at":"2021-12-13T01:21:18.523-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63951888/Dictionnaire_des_Conventionnels_1792_1795_?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_63951888","summary":"Michel Biard, Philippe Bourdin, Hervé Leuwers (dir.), Dictionnaire des Conventionnels, 1792-1795, Ferney-Voltaire, Centre international d'étude du XVIIIe siècle, 2022, 1300 p. en 2 volumes\nISBN : 978-2-84559-153-0\nJusqu'au 15 février 2022, l'ouvrage est en souscription : \n https://www.etudesrobespierristes.com/2021/11/30/dictionnaire-des-conventionnels/","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76205052,"asset_id":63951888,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41345293,"first_name":"Hervé","last_name":"Leuwers","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"HervéLeuwers","display_name":"Hervé Leuwers","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/Herv%C3%A9Leuwers?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41345293/12585351/14001787/s65_herv_.leuwers.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":6761,"name":"Prosopography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosopography?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":25296,"name":"French history and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_history_and_politics?f_ri=4652"},{"id":437236,"name":"Révolution française","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43637035 coauthored" data-work_id="43637035" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43637035/F_Benigno_D_Di_Bartolomeo_Napoleone_deve_morire_L_idea_di_ripetizione_storica_nella_Rivoluzione_francese_Salerno_Editrice_Roma_2020">F. Benigno-D. Di Bartolomeo, Napoleone deve morire. L’idea di ripetizione storica nella Rivoluzione francese, Salerno Editrice, Roma 2020</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A pochi giorni dal colpo di stato del 18 brumaio (9 novembre 1799) Napoleone raccontò di essere scampato a un attentato di alcuni deputati armati di « stiletto ». In realtà, nessuno in quell’occasione aveva trovato il coraggio di... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43637035" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A pochi giorni dal colpo di stato del 18 brumaio (9 novembre 1799) Napoleone raccontò di essere scampato a un attentato di alcuni deputati armati di « stiletto ». In realtà, nessuno in quell’occasione aveva trovato il coraggio di sfoderare il pugnale di Bruto, come invece vorrebbe l’iconografia coeva, che ritrae il presunto tentativo di omicidio di Napoleone alla stregua di un mancato cesaricidio.<br /><br />Il continuo rimando fra passato e presente ha segnato in profondità la Rivoluzione francese, piú di quanto la storiografia sia stata disposta ad ammettere. Per i protagonisti dell’evento rivoluzionario il richiamo alla storia fu un’indispensabile bussola per orientarsi in un presente drammatico. Gli avvenimenti infatti apparivano loro la ripetizione ineluttabile di fatti storici già avvenuti, la messa in scena di un’antica tragedia, magari destinata un giorno a divenire farsa, come dirà Karl Marx.<br /><br />L’idea che la storia si ripete fu un modo per dare senso a una realtà incerta e in vorticoso cambiamento, nonché un tentativo di predire ciò che sarebbe potuto accadere. Si affermava un modello potente che avrebbe segnato lo svolgimento della lotta politica e delle rivoluzioni a venire.<br /><br /> <br /><br />In copertina: Giacomo Aliprandi, Séance du Corps Législatif à l’Orangerie de S.t Cloud. Bonaparte se présente à l’Assemblée et la dissoud, le 19 brumaire 1799 (Londra 1802; partic.). Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43637035" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7ce798becc4e8ac1c4ef9bb5da28b058" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63937765,"asset_id":43637035,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63937765/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4706584" href="https://uniteramo.academia.edu/DANIELEDIBARTOLOMEO">DANIELE DI BARTOLOMEO</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4706584" type="text/json">{"id":4706584,"first_name":"DANIELE","last_name":"DI BARTOLOMEO","domain_name":"uniteramo","page_name":"DANIELEDIBARTOLOMEO","display_name":"DANIELE DI BARTOLOMEO","profile_url":"https://uniteramo.academia.edu/DANIELEDIBARTOLOMEO?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4706584/9953324/13618493/s65_daniele.di_bartolomeo.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43637035">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43637035"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://sns.academia.edu/FrancescoBenigno">Francesco Benigno</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43637035'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43637035').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43637035 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43637035"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43637035; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43637035]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43637035").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43637035").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43637035"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography">Historiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3524" type="text/json">{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4487" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutions">Revolutions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4487" type="text/json">{"id":4487,"name":"Revolutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutions?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4653" type="text/json">{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43637035]'), work: {"id":43637035,"title":"F. Benigno-D. Di Bartolomeo, Napoleone deve morire. L’idea di ripetizione storica nella Rivoluzione francese, Salerno Editrice, Roma 2020","created_at":"2020-07-16T05:54:28.625-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43637035/F_Benigno_D_Di_Bartolomeo_Napoleone_deve_morire_L_idea_di_ripetizione_storica_nella_Rivoluzione_francese_Salerno_Editrice_Roma_2020?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_43637035","summary":"A pochi giorni dal colpo di stato del 18 brumaio (9 novembre 1799) Napoleone raccontò di essere scampato a un attentato di alcuni deputati armati di « stiletto ». In realtà, nessuno in quell’occasione aveva trovato il coraggio di sfoderare il pugnale di Bruto, come invece vorrebbe l’iconografia coeva, che ritrae il presunto tentativo di omicidio di Napoleone alla stregua di un mancato cesaricidio.\n\nIl continuo rimando fra passato e presente ha segnato in profondità la Rivoluzione francese, piú di quanto la storiografia sia stata disposta ad ammettere. Per i protagonisti dell’evento rivoluzionario il richiamo alla storia fu un’indispensabile bussola per orientarsi in un presente drammatico. Gli avvenimenti infatti apparivano loro la ripetizione ineluttabile di fatti storici già avvenuti, la messa in scena di un’antica tragedia, magari destinata un giorno a divenire farsa, come dirà Karl Marx.\n\nL’idea che la storia si ripete fu un modo per dare senso a una realtà incerta e in vorticoso cambiamento, nonché un tentativo di predire ciò che sarebbe potuto accadere. Si affermava un modello potente che avrebbe segnato lo svolgimento della lotta politica e delle rivoluzioni a venire.\n\n \n\nIn copertina: Giacomo Aliprandi, Séance du Corps Législatif à l’Orangerie de S.t Cloud. Bonaparte se présente à l’Assemblée et la dissoud, le 19 brumaire 1799 (Londra 1802; partic.). Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63937765,"asset_id":43637035,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4706584,"first_name":"DANIELE","last_name":"DI BARTOLOMEO","domain_name":"uniteramo","page_name":"DANIELEDIBARTOLOMEO","display_name":"DANIELE DI BARTOLOMEO","profile_url":"https://uniteramo.academia.edu/DANIELEDIBARTOLOMEO?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4706584/9953324/13618493/s65_daniele.di_bartolomeo.jpg"},{"id":14770282,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Benigno","domain_name":"sns","page_name":"FrancescoBenigno","display_name":"Francesco Benigno","profile_url":"https://sns.academia.edu/FrancescoBenigno?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14770282/5961303/6766466/s65_francesco.benigno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4487,"name":"Revolutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutions?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":20742,"name":"The Age of Revolutions in the Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Age_of_Revolutions_in_the_Atlantic_World?f_ri=4652"},{"id":21938,"name":"History of Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Historiography?f_ri=4652"},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652"},{"id":110478,"name":"History of Revolutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Revolutions?f_ri=4652"},{"id":139519,"name":"French Revolution and Antiquity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Antiquity?f_ri=4652"},{"id":359794,"name":"Uses of the past","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uses_of_the_past?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43673584" data-work_id="43673584" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43673584/The_Lives_of_Merchant_Capital_The_Fr%C3%A8res_Monneron_and_the_Legacy_of_Old_Regime_Empire">The Lives of Merchant Capital: The Frères Monneron and the Legacy of Old Regime Empire</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article scrutinizes the nineteenth-century legacy of the old regime’s commercial empire through the ambiguous case of the Monneron brothers. Having gained for- tune and recognition in Indian Ocean trade, the brothers sat as deputies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43673584" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article scrutinizes the nineteenth-century legacy of the old regime’s commercial empire through the ambiguous case of the Monneron brothers. Having gained for- tune and recognition in Indian Ocean trade, the brothers sat as deputies in the National Assembly, but by the end of the 1790s their affairs and reputations had been destroyed. Their experiences reveal how the politics of commerce fundamentally changed during the Revolution. But the Monnerons also draw our attention to structural developments in French commercial imperialism that preceded and transcended the Revolution. They helped facilitate French investment in the Indian Ocean in the final decades of the old regime, a ‘spatial fix’ in merchant capital that was carried out in anticipation of crisis in the Atlantic, and that was consolidated around the turn of the century through the introduction of sugar cultivation in the Mascarene islands. By reading the biographies of the Monnerons alongside the life of their capital, this article attempts to acknowledge the undeniable ruptures of revolutionary politics without losing sight of broader developments in the global history of capitalism.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43673584" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a877f8fc12eafdcce870b166b0b9d4e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65560724,"asset_id":43673584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65560724/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33405994" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/OliverCussen">Oliver Cussen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33405994" type="text/json">{"id":33405994,"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Cussen","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"OliverCussen","display_name":"Oliver Cussen","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/OliverCussen?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33405994/22880371/22027855/s65_oliver.cussen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43673584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43673584"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43673584, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43673584", }); 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Having gained for- tune and recognition in Indian Ocean trade, the brothers sat as deputies in the National Assembly, but by the end of the 1790s their affairs and reputations had been destroyed. Their experiences reveal how the politics of commerce fundamentally changed during the Revolution. But the Monnerons also draw our attention to structural developments in French commercial imperialism that preceded and transcended the Revolution. They helped facilitate French investment in the Indian Ocean in the final decades of the old regime, a ‘spatial fix’ in merchant capital that was carried out in anticipation of crisis in the Atlantic, and that was consolidated around the turn of the century through the introduction of sugar cultivation in the Mascarene islands. By reading the biographies of the Monnerons alongside the life of their capital, this article attempts to acknowledge the undeniable ruptures of revolutionary politics without losing sight of broader developments in the global history of capitalism.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65560724,"asset_id":43673584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33405994,"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Cussen","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"OliverCussen","display_name":"Oliver Cussen","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/OliverCussen?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33405994/22880371/22027855/s65_oliver.cussen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":7531,"name":"History of Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Capitalism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":131775,"name":"French Colonial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Colonial_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":996709,"name":"Old Regime France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Regime_France?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31073196" data-work_id="31073196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31073196/Mediterranean_Encounters_Artists_Between_Europe_and_the_Ottoman_Empire_1774_1839">Mediterranean Encounters: Artists Between Europe and the Ottoman Empire, 1774-1839</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A 2017 Choice Outstanding Academic Title In this volume, Elisabeth Fraser shows that artists and the works they created in the Mediterranean during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were informed by mutual dependence... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31073196" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A 2017 Choice Outstanding Academic Title <br /> <br />In this volume, Elisabeth Fraser shows that artists and the works they created in the Mediterranean during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were informed by mutual dependence and reciprocity between European nations and the Ottoman Empire. Her rich exploration of this vibrant cross-cultural exchange challenges the dominant interpretation of European relations with the East during the period, revealing a shared world of fluid and long-sustained interactions. <br /> <br />Voyagers to and from the Ottoman Empire documented their journeys in prints, paintings, and lavishly illustrated travelogues; many of these helped define Europe’s self-identified role as heir to Ottoman civilizations and bolstered its presence in the Islamic Mediterranean and beyond. Fraser finds that these works illuminate not only how travelers’ experiences abroad were more nuanced than the expansionist ideology with which they became associated, but also how these narratives depicted the vitality of Ottoman culture and served as extensions of Ottoman diplomacy. Ottomans were aware of and responded to European representations, using them to defend Ottoman culture and sovereignty. In embracing the art of both cultures and setting these works in a broader context, Fraser challenges the dominant historiographical tradition that sees Ottoman artists adopting European modes of art in a one-sided process of “Europeanization.” <br /> <br />Theoretically informed and rigorously researched, this cross-cultural approach to European and Ottoman art sheds much-needed critical light on the widely disseminated travel images of the era—important cultural artifacts in their own right—and provides a fresh and inviting understanding of the relationships among cultures in the Mediterranean during an era of increasing European expansionism. <br />ISBN: 978-0-271-07320-0 <br /> <br />Contents: <br /> <br />Part I: Power in Question <br /> <br />- Chapter 1 Reading Choiseul in the Gaps of the Orientalist Archive <br /> <br />- Chapter 2 In the Shadow of les Grands: Cassas’s Orientalist Self-Fashioning <br /> <br />Part II: Ottoman Culture Abroad <br /> <br />- Chapter 3 The Translator’s Art: Mouradgea d’Ohsson, Ottoman Dragoman in Paris <br /> <br />- Chapter 4 Miniatures in Black and White: Melling’s Istanbul <br /> <br />Part III: Contradictory Contact <br /> <br />- Chapter 5 Skin of Nation, Body of Empire: Louis Dupré in Ottoman Greece <br /> <br />- Chapter 6 A Painter’s Renunciation: Delacroix in North Africa</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31073196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="787a7334f2034a1f4b155db621af29ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53769899,"asset_id":31073196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53769899/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5145257" href="https://usf.academia.edu/ElisabethFraser">Elisabeth Fraser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5145257" type="text/json">{"id":5145257,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Fraser","domain_name":"usf","page_name":"ElisabethFraser","display_name":"Elisabeth Fraser","profile_url":"https://usf.academia.edu/ElisabethFraser?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5145257/2268810/2651502/s65_elisabeth.fraser.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31073196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31073196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31073196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31073196", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31073196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31073196").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31073196").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31073196"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">36</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="876" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Print_Culture">Print Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="876" type="text/json">{"id":876,"name":"Print Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Print_Culture?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1082" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Writing">Travel Writing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1082" type="text/json">{"id":1082,"name":"Travel Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Writing?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31073196]'), work: {"id":31073196,"title":"Mediterranean Encounters: Artists Between Europe and the Ottoman Empire, 1774-1839","created_at":"2017-01-25T07:49:20.684-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31073196/Mediterranean_Encounters_Artists_Between_Europe_and_the_Ottoman_Empire_1774_1839?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_31073196","summary":"A 2017 Choice Outstanding Academic Title\r\n\r\nIn this volume, Elisabeth Fraser shows that artists and the works they created in the Mediterranean during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were informed by mutual dependence and reciprocity between European nations and the Ottoman Empire. Her rich exploration of this vibrant cross-cultural exchange challenges the dominant interpretation of European relations with the East during the period, revealing a shared world of fluid and long-sustained interactions.\r\n\r\nVoyagers to and from the Ottoman Empire documented their journeys in prints, paintings, and lavishly illustrated travelogues; many of these helped define Europe’s self-identified role as heir to Ottoman civilizations and bolstered its presence in the Islamic Mediterranean and beyond. Fraser finds that these works illuminate not only how travelers’ experiences abroad were more nuanced than the expansionist ideology with which they became associated, but also how these narratives depicted the vitality of Ottoman culture and served as extensions of Ottoman diplomacy. Ottomans were aware of and responded to European representations, using them to defend Ottoman culture and sovereignty. In embracing the art of both cultures and setting these works in a broader context, Fraser challenges the dominant historiographical tradition that sees Ottoman artists adopting European modes of art in a one-sided process of “Europeanization.”\r\n\r\nTheoretically informed and rigorously researched, this cross-cultural approach to European and Ottoman art sheds much-needed critical light on the widely disseminated travel images of the era—important cultural artifacts in their own right—and provides a fresh and inviting understanding of the relationships among cultures in the Mediterranean during an era of increasing European expansionism.\r\nISBN: 978-0-271-07320-0\r\n\r\nContents:\r\n\r\nPart I: Power in Question\r\n\r\n- Chapter 1 Reading Choiseul in the Gaps of the Orientalist Archive\r\n\r\n- Chapter 2 In the Shadow of les Grands: Cassas’s Orientalist Self-Fashioning\r\n\r\nPart II: Ottoman Culture Abroad\r\n\r\n- Chapter 3 The Translator’s Art: Mouradgea d’Ohsson, Ottoman Dragoman in Paris\r\n\r\n- Chapter 4 Miniatures in Black and White: Melling’s Istanbul\r\n\r\nPart III: Contradictory Contact\r\n\r\n- Chapter 5 Skin of Nation, Body of Empire: Louis Dupré in Ottoman Greece\r\n\r\n- Chapter 6 A Painter’s Renunciation: Delacroix in North Africa","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53769899,"asset_id":31073196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5145257,"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Fraser","domain_name":"usf","page_name":"ElisabethFraser","display_name":"Elisabeth Fraser","profile_url":"https://usf.academia.edu/ElisabethFraser?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5145257/2268810/2651502/s65_elisabeth.fraser.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":876,"name":"Print 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href="https://www.academia.edu/2390378/A_Summary_on_Theda_Skocpol_s_France_Russia_China_A_Structural_Analysis_of_Social_Revolutions">A Summary on Theda Skocpol’s France, Russia, China: A Structural Analysis of Social Revolutions </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Thank you for reading my take on Skocpol's FRC's Social Revolutions. I need to admit my writing error on this piece of work, i.e. a couple of times I used "his & he" to denote Skocpol in this summary. It should be noted that all of these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2390378" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Thank you for reading my take on Skocpol's FRC's Social Revolutions.<br /><br />I need to admit my writing error on this piece of work, i.e. a couple of times I used "his & he" to denote Skocpol in this summary. It should be noted that all of these should be both her & she. <br /><br />Thank you very much.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2390378" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e5eecdee73ed1356f30c415033aef681" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30423874,"asset_id":2390378,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30423874/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="734579" href="https://ugm.academia.edu/surayagungnugroho">suray agung nugroho</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="734579" type="text/json">{"id":734579,"first_name":"suray agung","last_name":"nugroho","domain_name":"ugm","page_name":"surayagungnugroho","display_name":"suray agung nugroho","profile_url":"https://ugm.academia.edu/surayagungnugroho?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/734579/250859/1181848/s65_suray_agung.nugroho.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2390378 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2390378"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2390378, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2390378", }); 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It should be noted that all of these should be both her \u0026 she. \n\nThank you very much.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30423874,"asset_id":2390378,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":734579,"first_name":"suray agung","last_name":"nugroho","domain_name":"ugm","page_name":"surayagungnugroho","display_name":"suray agung nugroho","profile_url":"https://ugm.academia.edu/surayagungnugroho?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/734579/250859/1181848/s65_suray_agung.nugroho.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":137074,"name":"Social Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":154514,"name":"China revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China_revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":677195,"name":"Russia 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type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6872" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haitian_Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6872" type="text/json">{"id":6872,"name":"Haitian Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haitian_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18130" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Locke">John Locke</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18130" type="text/json">{"id":18130,"name":"John Locke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Locke?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66716455]'), work: {"id":66716455,"title":"Insurreições, soberania popular, violência revolucionária (Curso integral/ 2021)","created_at":"2021-12-31T07:40:13.658-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66716455/Insurreic_o_es_soberania_popular_viol%C3%AAncia_revolucion%C3%A1ria_Curso_integral_2021_?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_66716455","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77800862,"asset_id":66716455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7880299,"first_name":"Vladimir","last_name":"Safatle","domain_name":"usp-br","page_name":"VladimirSafatle","display_name":"Vladimir Safatle","profile_url":"https://usp-br.academia.edu/VladimirSafatle?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7880299/2781037/3242384/s65_vladimir.safatle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":6872,"name":"Haitian Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haitian_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":18130,"name":"John Locke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Locke?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":20640,"name":"Lenin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lenin?f_ri=4652"},{"id":31860,"name":"Jean Jaques Rousseau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean_Jaques_Rousseau?f_ri=4652"},{"id":32007,"name":"Frantz Fanon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frantz_Fanon?f_ri=4652"},{"id":40221,"name":"Revolutionary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutionary_Theory?f_ri=4652"},{"id":92547,"name":"Commune De Paris 1871","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commune_De_Paris_1871?f_ri=4652"},{"id":175257,"name":"Popular sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_sovereignty?f_ri=4652"},{"id":497667,"name":"Uprisings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uprisings?f_ri=4652"},{"id":611901,"name":"Thomas Müntzer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_Muntzer?f_ri=4652"},{"id":814947,"name":"Tupac Amaru","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tupac_Amaru?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45398171" data-work_id="45398171" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45398171/%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%AA%D0%9F%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95_%D0%98%D0%9B%D0%98_%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A9%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95_%D0%97%D0%90_%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%9D%D0%90_%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%97_%D0%94%D0%AC%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94">ПРЕСТЪПЛЕНИЕ ИЛИ ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ? ЗА ТВОРЧЕСТВОТО НА МАРКИЗ ДЬО САД</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Настоящата статия прави опит да потърси различни от досегаш- ните тълкувания на ролята на личността и творчеството на печално известния маркиз Дьо Сад. Темата е актуална, защото творчеството на Дьо Сад е важно и за съвремието ни. Неговото... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45398171" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Настоящата статия прави опит да потърси различни от досегаш-<br />ните тълкувания на ролята на личността и творчеството на печално известния маркиз Дьо Сад. Темата е актуална, защото творчеството на Дьо Сад е важно<br />и за съвремието ни. Неговото влияние се отпечатва върху идеите на редица<br />известни философи, писатели и обществени дейци. Тук се обсъжда въпросът<br />доколко това влияние се базира върху правилното тълкуване на скандалното<br />творчество на либертинския писател.<br />This article is an attempt to explore and offer new interpretations of<br />the personality and works of the notorious Marquis de Sade. A topical matter, de<br />Sade’s literature is important today, as it was back in the past. His impact has shaped<br />the ideas of several famous philosophers, writers, and public figures. The question<br />on debate here is to what extent this impact has been analyzed correctly from the<br />historical perspective.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45398171" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8bda90868c326a72c557eb57bd5d2b45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65918458,"asset_id":45398171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65918458/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7964806" href="https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/LubomirKrustev">Lubomir Krastev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7964806" type="text/json">{"id":7964806,"first_name":"Lubomir","last_name":"Krastev","domain_name":"uni-sofia","page_name":"LubomirKrustev","display_name":"Lubomir Krastev","profile_url":"https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/LubomirKrustev?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7964806/2792899/38951698/s65_lubomir.krustev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45398171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45398171"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45398171, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45398171", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45398171]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45398171").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45398171").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45398171"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9690" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment">Intellectual History of Enlightenment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9690" type="text/json">{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_French_Studies">Eighteenth-Century French Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10128" type="text/json">{"id":10128,"name":"Eighteenth-Century French Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_French_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23466" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon">French Revolution and Napoleon</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23466" type="text/json">{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45398171]'), work: {"id":45398171,"title":"ПРЕСТЪПЛЕНИЕ ИЛИ ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ? ЗА ТВОРЧЕСТВОТО НА МАРКИЗ ДЬО САД","created_at":"2021-03-06T11:37:07.292-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45398171/%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%AA%D0%9F%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95_%D0%98%D0%9B%D0%98_%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A9%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95_%D0%97%D0%90_%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%A2%D0%9E_%D0%9D%D0%90_%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%97_%D0%94%D0%AC%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%94?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_45398171","summary":"Настоящата статия прави опит да потърси различни от досегаш-\nните тълкувания на ролята на личността и творчеството на печално известния маркиз Дьо Сад. Темата е актуална, защото творчеството на Дьо Сад е важно\nи за съвремието ни. Неговото влияние се отпечатва върху идеите на редица\nизвестни философи, писатели и обществени дейци. Тук се обсъжда въпросът\nдоколко това влияние се базира върху правилното тълкуване на скандалното\nтворчество на либертинския писател.\nThis article is an attempt to explore and offer new interpretations of\nthe personality and works of the notorious Marquis de Sade. A topical matter, de\nSade’s literature is important today, as it was back in the past. His impact has shaped\nthe ideas of several famous philosophers, writers, and public figures. The question\non debate here is to what extent this impact has been analyzed correctly from the\nhistorical perspective.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65918458,"asset_id":45398171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7964806,"first_name":"Lubomir","last_name":"Krastev","domain_name":"uni-sofia","page_name":"LubomirKrustev","display_name":"Lubomir Krastev","profile_url":"https://uni-sofia.academia.edu/LubomirKrustev?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7964806/2792899/38951698/s65_lubomir.krustev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":10128,"name":"Eighteenth-Century French Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_French_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":25709,"name":"Ancien Regime France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancien_Regime_France?f_ri=4652"},{"id":52150,"name":"Marquis De Sade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marquis_De_Sade?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1166544,"name":"Administration Ancien Régime français","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Administration_Ancien_Regime_francais?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28692109 coauthored" data-work_id="28692109" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28692109/Arrach%C3%A9s_et_d%C3%A9plac%C3%A9s_R%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s_politiques_prisonniers_de_guerre_d%C3%A9port%C3%A9s_1789_1918">Arrachés et déplacés. Réfugiés politiques, prisonniers de guerre, déportés 1789-1918</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Alors que c’est souvent à la Seconde Guerre mondiale et à ses suites que sont associées les expériences des déplacements forcés, des internements massifs de civils et de militaires, cet ouvrage propose de placer la focale sur un long XIXe... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28692109" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alors que c’est souvent à la Seconde Guerre mondiale et à ses suites que sont associées les expériences des déplacements forcés, des internements massifs de civils et de militaires, cet ouvrage propose de placer la focale sur un long XIXe siècle, de la Révolution française aux lendemains de la Première Guerre mondiale. Ce livre a pour ambition de proposer une analyse conjointe et comparée, à la fois diachronique et internationale, de trois grands types d’expériences a priori dissemblables, celles des réfugiés, des prisonniers de guerre et des déportés lors d’un siècle qui vit à la fois ces phénomènes se massifier et — lentement encore — se différencier. Ces trois formes de circulation transnationale contrainte — alors encore comparables à bien des égards — sont caractérisées par un moment d’arrachement qui se déroule dans un contexte de violence (guerre, révolution, crise), suivi d’une migration forcée et d’une implantation provisoire ou définitive. Ces déplacés subissent alors souvent une marginalisation lors de leur séjour dans le pays d’accueil. Ce volume collectif vise essentiellement à comparer des situations qui ont fait l’objet de recherches récemment renouvelées, mais qui continuent à se côtoyer plus qu’à se croiser. C’est donc à cette histoire croisée, à la fois juridique, sociale, culturelle et politique, particulièrement novatrice de l’expérience de l’arrachement et du déplacement forcé qu’invite ce livre.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28692109" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e320c85357bb9e353b177639d53e036" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49082382,"asset_id":28692109,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49082382/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14043976" href="https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/NicolasBeaupr%C3%A9">Nicolas Beaupré</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14043976" type="text/json">{"id":14043976,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Beaupré","domain_name":"univ-bpclermont","page_name":"NicolasBeaupré","display_name":"Nicolas Beaupré","profile_url":"https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/NicolasBeaupr%C3%A9?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14043976/3874950/8121862/s65_nicolas.beaupr_.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28692109">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28692109"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uca-fr.academia.edu/KarineRance">Karine Rance</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-28692109'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-28692109').html(); 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Ces trois formes de circulation transnationale contrainte — alors encore comparables à bien des égards — sont caractérisées par un moment d’arrachement qui se déroule dans un contexte de violence (guerre, révolution, crise), suivi d’une migration forcée et d’une implantation provisoire ou définitive. Ces déplacés subissent alors souvent une marginalisation lors de leur séjour dans le pays d’accueil. Ce volume collectif vise essentiellement à comparer des situations qui ont fait l’objet de recherches récemment renouvelées, mais qui continuent à se côtoyer plus qu’à se croiser. C’est donc à cette histoire croisée, à la fois juridique, sociale, culturelle et politique, particulièrement novatrice de l’expérience de l’arrachement et du déplacement forcé qu’invite ce livre.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49082382,"asset_id":28692109,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14043976,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Beaupré","domain_name":"univ-bpclermont","page_name":"NicolasBeaupré","display_name":"Nicolas Beaupré","profile_url":"https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/NicolasBeaupr%C3%A9?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14043976/3874950/8121862/s65_nicolas.beaupr_.png"},{"id":10461124,"first_name":"Karine","last_name":"Rance","domain_name":"uca-fr","page_name":"KarineRance","display_name":"Karine Rance","profile_url":"https://uca-fr.academia.edu/KarineRance?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10461124/68628180/57012735/s65_karine.rance.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee 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href="https://www.academia.edu/36237379/Sprachliche_Handlungen_in_den_Cahiers_de_dol%C3%A9ances_von_1789">Sprachliche Handlungen in den Cahiers de doléances von 1789</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36237379" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f01c23880a743a9eecdbd61074a39c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56141310,"asset_id":36237379,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36237379"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8000" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_language">French language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8000" type="text/json">{"id":8000,"name":"French language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_language?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Analysis">Critical Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10633" type="text/json">{"id":10633,"name":"Critical Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39357" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Pragmatics">Historical Pragmatics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39357" type="text/json">{"id":39357,"name":"Historical Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Pragmatics?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36237379]'), work: {"id":36237379,"title":"Sprachliche Handlungen in den Cahiers de doléances von 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u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Irish Militia, formed in 1793 to defend Ireland from French invasion, represented almost two-thirds of the British garrison in Ireland during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Irish Militia was also significant as it was a coming... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79575007" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Irish Militia, formed in 1793 to defend Ireland from French invasion, represented almost two-thirds of the British garrison in Ireland during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Irish Militia was also significant as it was a coming together of the upper-class Anglo-Irish Protestant military tradition, represented by the officer corps, and the Catholic majority, who filled the ranks. This article explores how successfully or unsuccessfully these competing Irish identities came together in the Donegal Regiment of Militia, examining how the officers overcame challenges and fostered a regimental identity that was capable of weathering the violence of the 1798 rebellion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79575007" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8843d743dada9e4ad560f4caca7bcb98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86243093,"asset_id":79575007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86243093/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25149088" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ciar%C3%A1nMcDonnell">Ciarán McDonnell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25149088" type="text/json">{"id":25149088,"first_name":"Ciarán","last_name":"McDonnell","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CiaránMcDonnell","display_name":"Ciarán McDonnell","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Ciar%C3%A1nMcDonnell?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25149088/6838671/154733779/s65_ciar_n.mcdonnell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79575007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79575007"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79575007, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79575007", }); 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The Irish Militia was also significant as it was a coming together of the upper-class Anglo-Irish Protestant military tradition, represented by the officer corps, and the Catholic majority, who filled the ranks. 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France septentrionale, Belgique (Revue du Nord, 2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Les neuf articles de ce numéro spécial de la Revue du nord sont conscacrés aux territoires septentrionaux pendant les Révolutions de France et de Brabant, avec des prolongements jusqu’au triomphe ambiguë de la contre-révolution en... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26188556" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Les neuf articles de ce numéro spécial de la Revue du nord sont conscacrés aux territoires septentrionaux pendant les Révolutions de France et de Brabant, avec des prolongements jusqu’au triomphe ambiguë de la contre-révolution en 1814-1815. Ils s’interrogent sur l’originalité de cette histoire, liée à la question frontalière, à la guerre, mais aussi aux tensions qui traversent les campagnes, à un catholicisme fortement marqué par la contre-réforme et à de fortes cultures urbaines.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26188556" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7ec6fdf2efabe2b0cbb947544ec5c3e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46511838,"asset_id":26188556,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46511838/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41345293" href="https://univ-lille.academia.edu/Herv%C3%A9Leuwers">Hervé Leuwers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41345293" type="text/json">{"id":41345293,"first_name":"Hervé","last_name":"Leuwers","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"HervéLeuwers","display_name":"Hervé Leuwers","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/Herv%C3%A9Leuwers?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41345293/12585351/14001787/s65_herv_.leuwers.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26188556 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26188556"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26188556, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26188556", }); 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France septentrionale, Belgique (Revue du Nord, 2015)","created_at":"2016-06-15T08:33:12.091-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26188556/Vivre_et_g%C3%A9rer_l_exception_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_France_septentrionale_Belgique_Revue_du_Nord_2015_?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_26188556","summary":"Les neuf articles de ce numéro spécial de la Revue du nord sont conscacrés aux territoires septentrionaux pendant les Révolutions de France et de Brabant, avec des prolongements jusqu’au triomphe ambiguë de la contre-révolution en 1814-1815. Ils s’interrogent sur l’originalité de cette histoire, liée à la question frontalière, à la guerre, mais aussi aux tensions qui traversent les campagnes, à un catholicisme fortement marqué par la contre-réforme et à de fortes cultures urbaines.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46511838,"asset_id":26188556,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41345293,"first_name":"Hervé","last_name":"Leuwers","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"HervéLeuwers","display_name":"Hervé Leuwers","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/Herv%C3%A9Leuwers?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41345293/12585351/14001787/s65_herv_.leuwers.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":10128,"name":"Eighteenth-Century French 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45437680/Pitch_de_Lex%C3%A9cution_du_roi_21_janvier_1793">Pitch de L'exécution du roi. 21 janvier 1793</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Il faut savoir s'adapter. Sans doute est-il naïf ou présomptueux de publier des livres de plus de 150 pages et d'exposer dans le détail la complexité des événements et les stratégies des acteurs, grands et petits. Dont acte. Alors en une... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45437680" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Il faut savoir s'adapter. Sans doute est-il naïf ou présomptueux de publier des livres de plus de 150 pages et d'exposer dans le détail la complexité des événements et les stratégies des acteurs, grands et petits. Dont acte. Alors en une page, le pitch.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45437680" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6383a0e66119c61c155b9d1ba7a61ad6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65948254,"asset_id":45437680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65948254/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2593793" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin">Jean-clément Martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2593793" type="text/json">{"id":2593793,"first_name":"Jean-clément","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JeanclémentMartin","display_name":"Jean-clément Martin","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2593793/816236/159382008/s65_jean-cl_ment.martin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45437680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45437680"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45437680, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45437680", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45437680]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45437680").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45437680").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45437680"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4653" type="text/json">{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23466" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon">French Revolution and Napoleon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23466" type="text/json">{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44944" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_Penalty">Death Penalty</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44944" type="text/json">{"id":44944,"name":"Death Penalty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_Penalty?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45437680]'), work: {"id":45437680,"title":"Pitch de L'exécution du roi. 21 janvier 1793","created_at":"2021-03-09T01:29:13.014-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45437680/Pitch_de_Lex%C3%A9cution_du_roi_21_janvier_1793?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_45437680","summary":"Il faut savoir s'adapter. Sans doute est-il naïf ou présomptueux de publier des livres de plus de 150 pages et d'exposer dans le détail la complexité des événements et les stratégies des acteurs, grands et petits. Dont acte. Alors en une page, le pitch. 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Aux origines d'une mémoire républicaine du conventionnel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La figure de Robespierre a été, au XIXe siècle, étroitement associée au combat pour la république. Un texte est alors mis en exergue : son projet de Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen du printemps 1793. Edition sous le... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32633422" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La figure de Robespierre a été, au XIXe siècle, étroitement associée au combat pour la république. Un texte est alors mis en exergue : son projet de Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen du printemps 1793. <br /><br />Edition sous le titre :«  Aux origines d’une mémoire républicaine de Robespierre », La Revue du projet, n° 63, janvier 2017, p. 40-41.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32633422" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba020a4277d576cbd4e3cf456567907a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52803884,"asset_id":32633422,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52803884/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41345293" href="https://univ-lille.academia.edu/Herv%C3%A9Leuwers">Hervé Leuwers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41345293" type="text/json">{"id":41345293,"first_name":"Hervé","last_name":"Leuwers","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"HervéLeuwers","display_name":"Hervé Leuwers","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/Herv%C3%A9Leuwers?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41345293/12585351/14001787/s65_herv_.leuwers.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32633422 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32633422"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32633422, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32633422", }); 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Jahrhunderts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21411585" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="baec2cdb98921f685535dc960e4ec5cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41858952,"asset_id":21411585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41858952/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1182940" href="https://uni-weimar.academia.edu/KatrinWeleda">Katrin Weleda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1182940" type="text/json">{"id":1182940,"first_name":"Katrin","last_name":"Weleda","domain_name":"uni-weimar","page_name":"KatrinWeleda","display_name":"Katrin Weleda","profile_url":"https://uni-weimar.academia.edu/KatrinWeleda?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1182940/421652/95516417/s65_katrin.weleda.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21411585 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21411585"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21411585, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21411585", }); 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Jahrhunderts","created_at":"2016-02-01T08:52:48.033-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21411585/Ent_und_Resakralisierung_des_abgetrennten_Kopfes_in_der_franz%C3%B6sischen_Malerei_des_19_Jahrhunderts?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_21411585","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41858952,"asset_id":21411585,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1182940,"first_name":"Katrin","last_name":"Weleda","domain_name":"uni-weimar","page_name":"KatrinWeleda","display_name":"Katrin Weleda","profile_url":"https://uni-weimar.academia.edu/KatrinWeleda?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1182940/421652/95516417/s65_katrin.weleda.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":39987,"name":"Decapitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decapitation?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":39988,"name":"Beheading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beheading?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":185881,"name":"19th-Century Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th-Century_Art?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35079436" data-work_id="35079436" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35079436/Sovereignty_International_Law_and_the_French_Revolution">Sovereignty, International Law, and the French Revolution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The advent of the principle of popular sovereignty during the French Revolution inspired an unintended but momentous change in international law. Edward James Kolla explains that between 1789 and 1799, the idea that peoples ought to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35079436" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The advent of the principle of popular sovereignty during the French Revolution inspired an unintended but momentous change in international law. Edward James Kolla explains that between 1789 and 1799, the idea that peoples ought to determine their fates in international affairs, just as they were taking power domestically in France, inspired a series of new and interconnected claims to territory. Drawing on case studies from Avignon, Belgium, the Rhineland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Italy, Kolla traces how French revolutionary diplomats and leaders gradually applied principles derived from new domestic political philosophy and law to the international stage. Instead of obtaining land via dynastic inheritance or conquest in war, the will of the people would now determine the title and status of territory. However, the principle of popular sovereignty also opened up new justifications for aggressive conquest, and this history foreshadowed some of the most controversial questions in international relations today.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35079436" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="62a0478ed771ea31f71dcf502a618e4e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54940145,"asset_id":35079436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54940145/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28326847" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/EdwardJKolla">Edward J Kolla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28326847" type="text/json">{"id":28326847,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Kolla","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"EdwardJKolla","display_name":"Edward J Kolla","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/EdwardJKolla?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28326847/8000122/32629124/s65_edward.kolla.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35079436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35079436"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35079436, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35079436", }); 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Edward James Kolla explains that between 1789 and 1799, the idea that peoples ought to determine their fates in international affairs, just as they were taking power domestically in France, inspired a series of new and interconnected claims to territory. Drawing on case studies from Avignon, Belgium, the Rhineland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Italy, Kolla traces how French revolutionary diplomats and leaders gradually applied principles derived from new domestic political philosophy and law to the international stage. Instead of obtaining land via dynastic inheritance or conquest in war, the will of the people would now determine the title and status of territory. However, the principle of popular sovereignty also opened up new justifications for aggressive conquest, and this history foreshadowed some of the most controversial questions in international relations today.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54940145,"asset_id":35079436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28326847,"first_name":"Edward","last_name":"Kolla","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"EdwardJKolla","display_name":"Edward J Kolla","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/EdwardJKolla?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28326847/8000122/32629124/s65_edward.kolla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":2575,"name":"International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Law?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":13908,"name":"History of International Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_International_Law?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":854970,"name":"National Self Determination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Self_Determination?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13138452 coauthored" data-work_id="13138452" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13138452/Ruptur_und_Recht_zur_Kontinuit%C3%A4t_des_Konstitutionalismus_im_politischen_Denken_von_Siey%C3%A8s">Ruptur und Recht: zur Kontinuität des Konstitutionalismus im politischen Denken von Sieyès</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès ist in der politischen Ideengeschichte als Denker der Revolution wahrgenommen worden, als Advokat eines Bruchs von Legalität im Namen von Legitimität. Dieser Lesart zufolge hat Sieyès vorrangig als ein... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13138452" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès ist in der politischen Ideengeschichte als Denker der Revolution wahrgenommen worden, als Advokat eines Bruchs von Legalität im Namen von Legitimität. Dieser Lesart zufolge hat Sieyès vorrangig als ein "Alleszermalmer" (so Mendelssohn über Kant) institutioneller Ordnungen gewirkt. Kernstück seiner politischen Theorie des revolutionären Bruchs sei die Lehre vom pouvoir constituant als rechtlich ungebundener rechtsetzender Gewalt, die die Bodinsche Charakterisierung des Fürsten als legibus solutus in die Sprache der verfassunggebenden Volkssouveränität übersetzt habe. Durch seine Theorie der verfassunggebenden Gewalt habe Sieyès dem politischen Voluntarismus Tür und Tor geöffnet und die Stabilität einer rechtlich bewehrten Ordnung politischer Verfügungsgewalt anheim gegeben .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13138452" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="229125807c28da9ec53395329b049f68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38418959,"asset_id":13138452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38418959/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32581659" href="https://uni-potsdam.academia.edu/FlorianWeber">Florian Weber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32581659" type="text/json">{"id":32581659,"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Weber","domain_name":"uni-potsdam","page_name":"FlorianWeber","display_name":"Florian Weber","profile_url":"https://uni-potsdam.academia.edu/FlorianWeber?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32581659/9874083/11007016/s65_florian.weber.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13138452">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13138452"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ruhr-uni-bochum.academia.edu/OliverLembcke">Oliver W Lembcke</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13138452'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13138452').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13138452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13138452"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13138452; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13138452]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13138452").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13138452").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13138452"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5249" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Constitutionalism">European Constitutionalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5249" type="text/json">{"id":5249,"name":"European Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Constitutionalism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30471" type="text/json">{"id":30471,"name":"Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13138452]'), work: {"id":13138452,"title":"Ruptur und Recht: zur Kontinuität des Konstitutionalismus im politischen Denken von Sieyès","created_at":"2015-06-21T02:25:22.338-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13138452/Ruptur_und_Recht_zur_Kontinuit%C3%A4t_des_Konstitutionalismus_im_politischen_Denken_von_Siey%C3%A8s?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_13138452","summary":"Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès ist in der politischen Ideengeschichte als Denker der Revolution wahrgenommen worden, als Advokat eines Bruchs von Legalität im Namen von Legitimität. Dieser Lesart zufolge hat Sieyès vorrangig als ein \"Alleszermalmer\" (so Mendelssohn über Kant) institutioneller Ordnungen gewirkt. Kernstück seiner politischen Theorie des revolutionären Bruchs sei die Lehre vom pouvoir constituant als rechtlich ungebundener rechtsetzender Gewalt, die die Bodinsche Charakterisierung des Fürsten als legibus solutus in die Sprache der verfassunggebenden Volkssouveränität übersetzt habe. Durch seine Theorie der verfassunggebenden Gewalt habe Sieyès dem politischen Voluntarismus Tür und Tor geöffnet und die Stabilität einer rechtlich bewehrten Ordnung politischer Verfügungsgewalt anheim gegeben .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38418959,"asset_id":13138452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32581659,"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Weber","domain_name":"uni-potsdam","page_name":"FlorianWeber","display_name":"Florian Weber","profile_url":"https://uni-potsdam.academia.edu/FlorianWeber?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32581659/9874083/11007016/s65_florian.weber.jpg"},{"id":32394140,"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Lembcke","domain_name":"ruhr-uni-bochum","page_name":"OliverLembcke","display_name":"Oliver W Lembcke","profile_url":"https://ruhr-uni-bochum.academia.edu/OliverLembcke?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32394140/173486043/163499871/s65_oliver.lembcke.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":5249,"name":"European Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Constitutionalism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":30471,"name":"Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":78919,"name":"History of Political Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Ideas?f_ri=4652"},{"id":195552,"name":"Sieyes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sieyes?f_ri=4652"},{"id":261030,"name":"Constitutional Courts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutional_Courts?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1332838,"name":"History of Poltiical Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Poltiical_Thought?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37754817" data-work_id="37754817" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37754817/Politics_in_the_Marketplace_Work_Gender_and_Citizenship_in_Revolutionary_France_Oxford_University_Press_">Politics in the Marketplace: Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France (Oxford University Press)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized"><a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/politics-in-the-marketplace-9780190917111?cc=us&lang=en&fbclid=IwAR2HgKFaPRIosJjfoHCB92S7wJanYKGuErKCqyxQaO1H-DgXCqGnZrmoezQ#" rel="nofollow">https://global.oup.com/academic/product/politics-in-the-marketplace-9780190917111?cc=us&lang=en&fbclid=IwAR2HgKFaPRIosJjfoHCB92S7wJanYKGuErKCqyxQaO1H-DgXCqGnZrmoezQ#</a> One of the most dramatic images of the French Revolution is of Parisian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37754817" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden"><a href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/politics-in-the-marketplace-9780190917111?cc=us&lang=en&fbclid=IwAR2HgKFaPRIosJjfoHCB92S7wJanYKGuErKCqyxQaO1H-DgXCqGnZrmoezQ#" rel="nofollow">https://global.oup.com/academic/product/politics-in-the-marketplace-9780190917111?cc=us&lang=en&fbclid=IwAR2HgKFaPRIosJjfoHCB92S7wJanYKGuErKCqyxQaO1H-DgXCqGnZrmoezQ#</a><br /><br />One of the most dramatic images of the French Revolution is of Parisian market women sloshing through mud and dragging cannons as they marched on Versailles and returned with bread and the king. These market women, the Dames des Halles, sold essential foodstuffs to the residents of the capital but, equally important, through their political and economic engagement, held great revolutionary influence.<br /><br />Politics in the Marketplace examines how the Dames des Halles invented notions of citizenship through everyday trade. It innovatively interweaves the Dames' political activism and economic practices to reveal how marketplace actors shaped the nature of nascent democracy and capitalism through daily commerce. While haggling over price controls, fair taxes, and acceptable currency, the Dames and their clients negotiated tenuous economic and social contracts in tandem, remaking longstanding Old Regime practices. In this environment, the Dames conceptualized a type of economic citizenship in which individuals' activities such as buying goods, selling food, or paying taxes positioned them within the body politic and enabled them to make claims on the state. They insisted that their work as merchants served society and demanded that the state pass favorable regulations for them in return. In addition, they drew on their patriotic work as activists and their gendered work as republican mothers to compel the state to provide practical currency and assist indigent families. Thus, their notion of citizenship portrayed useful work, rather than gender, as the cornerstone of civic legitimacy.<br /><br />In this original work, Katie Jarvis challenges the interpretation that the Revolution launched an inherently masculine trajectory for citizenship and reexamines work, gender, and citizenship at the cusp of modern democracy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37754817" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b7902cb508cf5fc66ba8971afc533aba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57750846,"asset_id":37754817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57750846/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36866968" href="https://nd.academia.edu/KatieJarvis">Katie Jarvis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36866968" type="text/json">{"id":36866968,"first_name":"Katie","last_name":"Jarvis","domain_name":"nd","page_name":"KatieJarvis","display_name":"Katie Jarvis","profile_url":"https://nd.academia.edu/KatieJarvis?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36866968/10524022/11744097/s65_katie.jarvis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37754817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37754817"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37754817, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37754817", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37754817]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37754817").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37754817").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37754817"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History">French History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1181" type="text/json">{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37754817]'), work: {"id":37754817,"title":"Politics in the Marketplace: Work, Gender, and Citizenship in Revolutionary France (Oxford University Press)","created_at":"2018-11-12T11:53:48.303-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37754817/Politics_in_the_Marketplace_Work_Gender_and_Citizenship_in_Revolutionary_France_Oxford_University_Press_?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_37754817","summary":"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/politics-in-the-marketplace-9780190917111?cc=us\u0026lang=en\u0026fbclid=IwAR2HgKFaPRIosJjfoHCB92S7wJanYKGuErKCqyxQaO1H-DgXCqGnZrmoezQ#\n\nOne of the most dramatic images of the French Revolution is of Parisian market women sloshing through mud and dragging cannons as they marched on Versailles and returned with bread and the king. These market women, the Dames des Halles, sold essential foodstuffs to the residents of the capital but, equally important, through their political and economic engagement, held great revolutionary influence.\n\nPolitics in the Marketplace examines how the Dames des Halles invented notions of citizenship through everyday trade. It innovatively interweaves the Dames' political activism and economic practices to reveal how marketplace actors shaped the nature of nascent democracy and capitalism through daily commerce. While haggling over price controls, fair taxes, and acceptable currency, the Dames and their clients negotiated tenuous economic and social contracts in tandem, remaking longstanding Old Regime practices. In this environment, the Dames conceptualized a type of economic citizenship in which individuals' activities such as buying goods, selling food, or paying taxes positioned them within the body politic and enabled them to make claims on the state. They insisted that their work as merchants served society and demanded that the state pass favorable regulations for them in return. In addition, they drew on their patriotic work as activists and their gendered work as republican mothers to compel the state to provide practical currency and assist indigent families. Thus, their notion of citizenship portrayed useful work, rather than gender, as the cornerstone of civic legitimacy.\n\nIn this original work, Katie Jarvis challenges the interpretation that the Revolution launched an inherently masculine trajectory for citizenship and reexamines work, gender, and citizenship at the cusp of modern democracy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57750846,"asset_id":37754817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36866968,"first_name":"Katie","last_name":"Jarvis","domain_name":"nd","page_name":"KatieJarvis","display_name":"Katie Jarvis","profile_url":"https://nd.academia.edu/KatieJarvis?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36866968/10524022/11744097/s65_katie.jarvis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=4652"},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=4652"},{"id":8882,"name":"Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women?f_ri=4652"},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=4652"},{"id":15264,"name":"Work and Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour?f_ri=4652"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=4652"},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=4652"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=4652"},{"id":28583,"name":"Money","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Money?f_ri=4652"},{"id":41608,"name":"Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship?f_ri=4652"},{"id":52982,"name":"Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce?f_ri=4652"},{"id":69140,"name":"Marketplace","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketplace?f_ri=4652"},{"id":91839,"name":"Paris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paris?f_ri=4652"},{"id":166703,"name":"History of Paris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Paris?f_ri=4652"},{"id":219669,"name":"Taxes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxes?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43469354" data-work_id="43469354" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43469354/La_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_Puf_2020_">La Révolution française (Puf, 2020)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Paris, Puf, coll. "Quadrige manuels", 2020, 390 p. (chronologie, index). Dans une perspective renouvelée par l’historiographie récente, française et étrangère, cette synthèse présente les principales étapes, les acteurs et les enjeux... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43469354" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Paris, Puf, coll. "Quadrige manuels", 2020, 390 p. (chronologie, index). <br /> <br />Dans une perspective renouvelée par l’historiographie récente, française et étrangère, cette synthèse présente les principales étapes, les acteurs et les enjeux de la Révolution française, de ses origines jusqu’au Consulat qui entend y mettre un terme. L’ouvrage replace cette histoire dans son contexte européen et colonial, en insistant sur l’articulation entre la Révolution française et les mouvements révolutionnaires qui l’ont précédée (États-Unis, Provinces-Unies, Genève...) ou ont marqué certains territoires européens des années 1790 : Pologne, Italie, Provinces-Unies, Pays-Bas autrichiens, Suisse, Irlande... Par cette double perspective, française et européenne, l’importance historique de l’événement apparaît en toute lumière.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43469354" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b5753cb92e6d51587694f178705b537" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63777418,"asset_id":43469354,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63777418/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41345293" href="https://univ-lille.academia.edu/Herv%C3%A9Leuwers">Hervé Leuwers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41345293" type="text/json">{"id":41345293,"first_name":"Hervé","last_name":"Leuwers","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"HervéLeuwers","display_name":"Hervé Leuwers","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/Herv%C3%A9Leuwers?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41345293/12585351/14001787/s65_herv_.leuwers.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43469354 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43469354"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43469354, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43469354", }); 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(chronologie, index).\r\n\r\nDans une perspective renouvelée par l’historiographie récente, française et étrangère, cette synthèse présente les principales étapes, les acteurs et les enjeux de la Révolution française, de ses origines jusqu’au Consulat qui entend y mettre un terme. L’ouvrage replace cette histoire dans son contexte européen et colonial, en insistant sur l’articulation entre la Révolution française et les mouvements révolutionnaires qui l’ont précédée (États-Unis, Provinces-Unies, Genève...) ou ont marqué certains territoires européens des années 1790 : Pologne, Italie, Provinces-Unies, Pays-Bas autrichiens, Suisse, Irlande... Par cette double perspective, française et européenne, l’importance historique de l’événement apparaît en toute lumière.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63777418,"asset_id":43469354,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41345293,"first_name":"Hervé","last_name":"Leuwers","domain_name":"univ-lille","page_name":"HervéLeuwers","display_name":"Hervé Leuwers","profile_url":"https://univ-lille.academia.edu/Herv%C3%A9Leuwers?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41345293/12585351/14001787/s65_herv_.leuwers.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44717883" data-work_id="44717883" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44717883/The_Terror_of_1793_1794">The Terror of 1793 - 1794</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44717883" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3ecd13f877c154858f5dcf8e7da796d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65199131,"asset_id":44717883,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65199131/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="156304938" href="https://fsu.academia.edu/PatrickMurray">Patrick Murray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="156304938" type="text/json">{"id":156304938,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Murray","domain_name":"fsu","page_name":"PatrickMurray","display_name":"Patrick Murray","profile_url":"https://fsu.academia.edu/PatrickMurray?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/156304938/43696379/34640193/s65_patrick.murray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44717883 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44717883"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44717883, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44717883", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44717883]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44717883").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44717883").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44717883"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23466" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon">French Revolution and Napoleon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23466" type="text/json">{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27366" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_France">18th Century France</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27366" type="text/json">{"id":27366,"name":"18th Century France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_France?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44717883]'), work: {"id":44717883,"title":"The Terror of 1793 - 1794","created_at":"2020-12-16T08:11:08.425-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44717883/The_Terror_of_1793_1794?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_44717883","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65199131,"asset_id":44717883,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":156304938,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Murray","domain_name":"fsu","page_name":"PatrickMurray","display_name":"Patrick Murray","profile_url":"https://fsu.academia.edu/PatrickMurray?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/156304938/43696379/34640193/s65_patrick.murray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":27366,"name":"18th Century France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_France?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":38843,"name":"Napoleonic Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_Europe?f_ri=4652"},{"id":461509,"name":"The Reign of Terror","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Reign_of_Terror?f_ri=4652"},{"id":759032,"name":"18th Century European Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_European_Military_History?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77087510" data-work_id="77087510" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77087510/A_BIOGRAPHY_OF_JEAN_BAPTISTE_ESTIENNE_DE_LA_RIVI%C3%88RE_BEHIND_THE_SCENES_OF_THE_FRENCH_REVOLUTION">A BIOGRAPHY OF JEAN-BAPTISTE ESTIENNE DE LA RIVIÈRE: BEHIND THE SCENES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is a biography of a politician-bureaucrat-judge whose achievements-and indeed heroism-during the French Revolution have been relegated to the footnotes of history. He was not one of the Revolution's great thinkers, orators or writers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77087510" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is a biography of a politician-bureaucrat-judge whose achievements-and indeed heroism-during the French Revolution have been relegated to the footnotes of history. He was not one of the Revolution's great thinkers, orators or writers but he was one of the unsung fonctionnaires who organised and administered the Revolution. He did have his moments of fame and notoriety but much of his work took place behind the scenes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77087510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="58aea633929bdbb26b36c3fa9fe17a22" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84551179,"asset_id":77087510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84551179/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="142809346" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeoffAudcent">Geoff Audcent</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="142809346" type="text/json">{"id":142809346,"first_name":"Geoff","last_name":"Audcent","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeoffAudcent","display_name":"Geoff Audcent","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeoffAudcent?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/142809346/51016494/67727463/s65_geoff.audcent.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77087510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77087510"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77087510, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77087510", }); 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He was not one of the Revolution's great thinkers, orators or writers but he was one of the unsung fonctionnaires who organised and administered the Revolution. 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politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_history_and_politics?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1157536,"name":"Everyday Heroism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Everyday_Heroism?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50146976 coauthored" data-work_id="50146976" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50146976/Crimes_de_la_Terreur">Crimes de la Terreur</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Podcast de Retronews du 22 juillet 2021</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share 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InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2593793" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin">Jean-clément Martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2593793" type="text/json">{"id":2593793,"first_name":"Jean-clément","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JeanclémentMartin","display_name":"Jean-clément Martin","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2593793/816236/159382008/s65_jean-cl_ment.martin.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-50146976">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-50146976"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unina-it.academia.edu/SuzanneLevin">Suzanne Levin</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-50146976'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-50146976').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50146976 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50146976"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50146976, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50146976", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50146976 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4653" type="text/json">{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50146976]'), work: {"id":50146976,"title":"Crimes de la Terreur","created_at":"2021-07-22T01:47:03.145-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50146976/Crimes_de_la_Terreur?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_50146976","summary":"Podcast de Retronews du 22 juillet 2021","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68242924,"asset_id":50146976,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2593793,"first_name":"Jean-clément","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JeanclémentMartin","display_name":"Jean-clément 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Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652"},{"id":87903,"name":"Robespierre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Robespierre?f_ri=4652"},{"id":996872,"name":"Maximilien Robespierre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maximilien_Robespierre?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1270937,"name":"Terreur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terreur?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37309249" data-work_id="37309249" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37309249/Les_Echos_de_la_Terreur_V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9s_dun_mensonge_dEtat_1794_2001">Les Echos de la Terreur. Vérités d'un mensonge d'Etat, 1794-2001</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Présentation du livre qui paraît le 12 septembre prochain</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37309249" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6bb07a04b3f6b570dcc5352e306d95ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57265624,"asset_id":37309249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57265624/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2593793" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin">Jean-clément Martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2593793" type="text/json">{"id":2593793,"first_name":"Jean-clément","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JeanclémentMartin","display_name":"Jean-clément Martin","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2593793/816236/159382008/s65_jean-cl_ment.martin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37309249 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37309249"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37309249, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37309249", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37309249]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37309249").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37309249").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37309249"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism">Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1660" type="text/json">{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4653" type="text/json">{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37309249]'), work: {"id":37309249,"title":"Les Echos de la Terreur. Vérités d'un mensonge d'Etat, 1794-2001","created_at":"2018-08-29T01:51:18.196-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37309249/Les_Echos_de_la_Terreur_V%C3%A9rit%C3%A9s_dun_mensonge_dEtat_1794_2001?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_37309249","summary":"Présentation du livre qui paraît le 12 septembre prochain","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57265624,"asset_id":37309249,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2593793,"first_name":"Jean-clément","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JeanclémentMartin","display_name":"Jean-clément Martin","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2593793/816236/159382008/s65_jean-cl_ment.martin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652"},{"id":87903,"name":"Robespierre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Robespierre?f_ri=4652"},{"id":761870,"name":"Terrorism and Counterterrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism_and_Counterterrorism?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1270937,"name":"Terreur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terreur?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37271248" data-work_id="37271248" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37271248/Sociability_natural_jurisprudence_and_republicanism_in_the_French_Revolution_Jean_Baptiste_Salavilles_empiricist_Science_of_the_Legislator">Sociability, natural jurisprudence, and republicanism in the French Revolution: Jean-Baptiste Salaville's empiricist Science of the Legislator</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The radical ideas of the French Revolution are generally regarded as the offspring of the theory of social contract. However, even though the Revolutionaries cherished Rousseau’s legacy, the period was not without instances in which this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37271248" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The radical ideas of the French Revolution are generally regarded as the offspring of the theory of social contract. However, even though the Revolutionaries cherished Rousseau’s legacy, the period was not without instances in which this legacy could be subject to variation and the notion of social contract could be attributed, in a decidedly negative tone, less to Rousseau than to Hobbes. In this context, the present study of Jean-Baptiste Salaville’s L’Homme et la société, ou nouvelle théorie de la nature humaine et de l’état social (1799) demonstrates that the idea of natural sociability could provide an opportunity to elaborate a radical republican future without the notion of social contract. Salaville’s political vision, built on the tradition of natural jurisprudence, posited a new idea of the general will and empiricist legislation in the last days of the French Revolution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37271248" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c9ade77b23412fdfdfa0804f4e809afe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":106209293,"asset_id":37271248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106209293/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21547478" href="https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/MK">Minchul Kim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21547478" type="text/json">{"id":21547478,"first_name":"Minchul","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"sungkyunkwan","page_name":"MK","display_name":"Minchul Kim","profile_url":"https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/MK?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21547478/5982345/103167329/s65_minchul.kim.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37271248 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37271248"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37271248, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37271248", }); 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However, even though the Revolutionaries cherished Rousseau’s legacy, the period was not without instances in which this legacy could be subject to variation and the notion of social contract could be attributed, in a decidedly negative tone, less to Rousseau than to Hobbes. In this context, the present study of Jean-Baptiste Salaville’s L’Homme et la société, ou nouvelle théorie de la nature humaine et de l’état social (1799) demonstrates that the idea of natural sociability could provide an opportunity to elaborate a radical republican future without the notion of social contract. Salaville’s political vision, built on the tradition of natural jurisprudence, posited a new idea of the general will and empiricist legislation in the last days of the French Revolution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106209293,"asset_id":37271248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21547478,"first_name":"Minchul","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"sungkyunkwan","page_name":"MK","display_name":"Minchul Kim","profile_url":"https://sungkyunkwan.academia.edu/MK?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21547478/5982345/103167329/s65_minchul.kim.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":2934,"name":"Social Contract Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Contract_Theory?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4296,"name":"Natural Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Law?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652"},{"id":6027,"name":"Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment?f_ri=4652"},{"id":7675,"name":"Scottish Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Enlightenment?f_ri=4652"},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=4652"},{"id":10492,"name":"Thomas Hobbes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_Hobbes?f_ri=4652"},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652"},{"id":31860,"name":"Jean Jaques Rousseau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean_Jaques_Rousseau?f_ri=4652"},{"id":47134,"name":"Samuel von Pufendorf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Samuel_von_Pufendorf?f_ri=4652"},{"id":48063,"name":"Philosophy of the Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_the_Enlightenment?f_ri=4652"},{"id":478902,"name":"Francis Hutcheson","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Francis_Hutcheson?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34409926" data-work_id="34409926" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34409926/Le_contraddizioni_dellideale_Libert%C3%A0_soggettivit%C3%A0_ed_esistenza_nel_processo_rivoluzionario_in_G_Allegri_A_Longo_Rivoluzione_fra_mito_e_costituzione_Sapienza_Universit%C3%A0_Editrice_Roma_2017_">Le contraddizioni dell'ideale. Libertà, soggettività ed esistenza nel processo rivoluzionario (in G. Allegri, A. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/30639025/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_13_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_IV_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8">Парижское восстание 13 вандемьера IV года республики</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Статья посвящена последнему народному восстанию эпохи Французской революции: восстанию 13 вандемьера IV года республики. Автор анализирует обширную историографию мятежа, документы эпохи и предлагает свою версию этого события. The article... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30639025" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Статья посвящена последнему народному восстанию эпохи Французской революции: восстанию 13 вандемьера IV года республики. Автор анализирует обширную историографию мятежа, документы эпохи и предлагает свою версию этого события.<br />The article is devoted to the last popular uprising in the history of the French Revolution - the revolt of 13 vendémiaire Year IV (5 October 1795). The author analyzes an extensive historiography of the rebellion as well as many different types of documents from the period in question and offers his conception of the event.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30639025" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13fa493aee3980b517f2a241f9aed4cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51082557,"asset_id":30639025,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51082557/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29605780" href="https://moscowstate.academia.edu/DmitryBovykin">Dmitry Bovykin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29605780" type="text/json">{"id":29605780,"first_name":"Dmitry","last_name":"Bovykin","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"DmitryBovykin","display_name":"Dmitry Bovykin","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/DmitryBovykin?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29605780/15283267/15945234/s65_dmitry.bovykin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30639025 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30639025"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30639025, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30639025", }); 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Автор анализирует обширную историографию мятежа, документы эпохи и предлагает свою версию этого события.\nThe article is devoted to the last popular uprising in the history of the French Revolution - the revolt of 13 vendémiaire Year IV (5 October 1795). The author analyzes an extensive historiography of the rebellion as well as many different types of documents from the period in question and offers his conception of the event.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51082557,"asset_id":30639025,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29605780,"first_name":"Dmitry","last_name":"Bovykin","domain_name":"moscowstate","page_name":"DmitryBovykin","display_name":"Dmitry Bovykin","profile_url":"https://moscowstate.academia.edu/DmitryBovykin?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29605780/15283267/15945234/s65_dmitry.bovykin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":123139,"name":"Royalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Royalism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":242286,"name":"Thermidor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermidor?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":437236,"name":"Révolution française","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1000250,"name":"французская революция","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1822456,"name":"Contre-Révolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contre-R%C3%A9volution?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24806237" data-work_id="24806237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24806237/Programme_de_la_journ%C3%A9e_d%C3%A9tude_LIrlande_et_la_France_%C3%A0_l%C3%A9poque_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_atlantique_Program_of_the_conference_Ireland_and_France_in_the_age_of_the_Atlantic_Republic_">Programme de la journée d'étude : L'Irlande et la France à l'époque de la "République atlantique" / Program of the conference : Ireland and France in the age of the "Atlantic Republic"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24806237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5059809" href="https://u-paris10.academia.edu/MathieuFerradou">Mathieu Ferradou</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5059809" type="text/json">{"id":5059809,"first_name":"Mathieu","last_name":"Ferradou","domain_name":"u-paris10","page_name":"MathieuFerradou","display_name":"Mathieu Ferradou","profile_url":"https://u-paris10.academia.edu/MathieuFerradou?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5059809/2206110/17653039/s65_mathieu.ferradou.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24806237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24806237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24806237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24806237", }); });</script></li><li 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type="text/json">{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History">Maritime History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3165" type="text/json">{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography">Historiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3524" type="text/json">{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4121" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_World">Atlantic World</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4121" type="text/json">{"id":4121,"name":"Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_World?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24806237]'), work: {"id":24806237,"title":"Programme de la journée d'étude : L'Irlande et la France à l'époque de la \"République atlantique\" / Program of the conference : Ireland and France in the age of the \"Atlantic Republic\"","created_at":"2016-04-27T06:31:49.412-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24806237/Programme_de_la_journ%C3%A9e_d%C3%A9tude_LIrlande_et_la_France_%C3%A0_l%C3%A9poque_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_atlantique_Program_of_the_conference_Ireland_and_France_in_the_age_of_the_Atlantic_Republic_?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_24806237","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45139369,"asset_id":24806237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5059809,"first_name":"Mathieu","last_name":"Ferradou","domain_name":"u-paris10","page_name":"MathieuFerradou","display_name":"Mathieu Ferradou","profile_url":"https://u-paris10.academia.edu/MathieuFerradou?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5059809/2206110/17653039/s65_mathieu.ferradou.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4121,"name":"Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_World?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652"},{"id":6283,"name":"History of Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery?f_ri=4652"},{"id":10690,"name":"Irish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_History?f_ri=4652"},{"id":15573,"name":"American Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolution?f_ri=4652"},{"id":20742,"name":"The Age of Revolutions in the Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Age_of_Revolutions_in_the_Atlantic_World?f_ri=4652"},{"id":29842,"name":"Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland?f_ri=4652"},{"id":45114,"name":"Irish Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Republicanism?f_ri=4652"},{"id":134463,"name":"Daniel O'Connell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Daniel_OConnell?f_ri=4652"},{"id":553836,"name":"Irish historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_historiography?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1589322,"name":"Irish and French Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_and_French_Republicanism?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21886770" data-work_id="21886770" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21886770/Couthons_speech_of_6_Thermidor_Year_II">Couthon's speech of 6 Thermidor, Year II.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nobody doubts that, in the circumstances we are in, the malevolent [persons] stir in all directions, and spread alarming rumours in order to discourage the virtuous men and to divide them. Robespierre denounced to you what has happened... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21886770" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nobody doubts that, in the circumstances we are in, the malevolent [persons] stir in all directions, and spread alarming rumours in order to discourage the virtuous men and to divide them. Robespierre denounced to you what has happened  today in the tribunes of the Convention; he could have added what happened yesterday. The result of this manoeuvre is that the malicious [people] accuse the Jacobins and the energetic patriots of it, who have the courage to directly attack all the intriguers and to make the principles prevail above all; but this manoeuvre is not the only [one] which is employed by the traitors. One has spread the rumour that a fatal division reigned within the Convention, within the Committees of Public Safety and of General Security; the goal of these frightening rumours was to carry out a movement of which our enemies would have benefited in order to subvert patriotism; but the people is on guard against all the insinuations of the scoundrels. If there have been divisions between individuals, there have never been any on principles; and I have to day that the Convention in its great majority is of an exemplary purity. I say the same thing of the Committees of Public Safety and of General Security; there are virtuous and energetic men, willing to make the biggest sacrifices for the patrie. <br /> <br />The Committee of General Security is maybe not blameless; I do not inculpate the members, they have pure intentions; but I will say that this Committee has been surrounded by scoundrels; arbitrary acts [which were] executed in its name  have brought dread into the patriotic hearts. I have said this to the Committee itself; it has felt the truth, and the members to which I have spoken seemed willing to scrutinize their agents, and to do justice to the culprits. At the last  session you have seen at your tribune oppressed patriots denouncing the immorality and the rascality of [a man] called Sénar, agent national of the commune of Tours, and agent of the Committee of General Security; there is no infamy which this atrocious man has not committed; but fortunate circumstances have arrived, one has opened the eyes of the citizens, the oppressed [citizens] have gained défenseurs officieux, the Committee of General Security has retired the powers which had fooled it, and had Sénar put into the state of arrest. For its part, the Committee of Public Safety, which the National Convention has entrusted with the exercise of the government, has dismissed the prevaricating functionary and replaced him with a citizen [who is] worthy by his purity, his civisme, of the confidence of the people. <br /> <br />Let us be on guard, citizens; the agents of Pitt constantly are always awake around us; they want to divide us in order to ruin us; they hope that, by breaking the fasces which unites the republicans, it will be easy for them to defeat us; a day of discord within the Republic is worth more to them than a victory. I say this reluctantly, but this is the truth, you even have among yourselves agents of this infernal faction from abroad; there are even [some of them] within the National Convention. Fortunately, they are here in really small numbers, very small numbers, and the virtue and the energy of the National Convention can crush at the will of five or six small human figures, whose hands are full of the wealth of the Republic, and foul with the blood of the innocents which they have slaughtered. And [luckily], they do not take occasion, these infamous men, of what I say here, in order to repeat that it is at the National Convention that we want this. Me, proposing a measure against the national representation! me, who would sacrifice ten thousand lives for it, because I am convinced that the day when the national representation would be debased or dissolved, would be the day of the counter-revolution! But I cannot support injustice and immorality, because I want the Republic and morality with all my heart, which offer solid bases for the republican order to me. If one suffers [because] the system of Hébert renews itself, and [because] crime always comes to reign, the Republic is no more. I repeat it, with the courage of a man who fears neither the opinion of his contemporaries nor the judgement of posterity, because he doesn't have, and because he will never have reproaches to make towards his country: there are here and within the Convention a few impure men who seek to corrupt public morality, and to raise a throne to crime on the tomb of the mores of virtue. I do not propose here any particular measure against the vilest enemies, but [against] the [ones that are] most dangerous to public liberty; I only demand that the good men rally, that pure representatives separate themselves from these five or six impulsive beings, and that, from that day [onwards], they describe the borderline between them[selves] and the wicked [persons]. <br /> <br />I move to a fact [that is] important and which coincides perfectly with the intrigues of our enemies. Since a long time one empties Paris of its men, of its weapons and of its ammunitions; I honour the institution of the Plain of Sablons [the École de Mars], although I do not really conceive its motives; because it seems extraordinary that one wants to train three thousand students, in order to defend a Republic which needs twelve hundred thousand fighters. I believe that the young men [which have] come from all parts of the Republic will become worthy of the cares which one will take for them and of the great examples which the heroes who fight and die for the patrie give them every day. <br /> <br />But why does one send a large number of guns of large calibre to three thousand young people? Why did it leave, eight days ago, from the gunners of Paris, from these good and fearless defenders of the patrie, who have never calculated the dangers, and who have only seen the good of their country?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21886770" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d4f3e29509ab1364372406b011e11cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42623614,"asset_id":21886770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42623614/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15657190" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/FlorianKappelsberger">Florian Kappelsberger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15657190" type="text/json">{"id":15657190,"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Kappelsberger","domain_name":"lmu-munich","page_name":"FlorianKappelsberger","display_name":"Florian Kappelsberger","profile_url":"https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/FlorianKappelsberger?f_ri=4652","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21886770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21886770"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21886770, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21886770", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21886770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21886770; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21886770"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21886770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21886770"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21886770; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21886770]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21886770").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21886770").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21886770"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21886770]'), work: {"id":21886770,"title":"Couthon's speech of 6 Thermidor, Year II.","created_at":"2016-02-12T12:07:41.531-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21886770/Couthons_speech_of_6_Thermidor_Year_II?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_21886770","summary":"Nobody doubts that, in the circumstances we are in, the malevolent [persons] stir in all directions, and spread alarming rumours in order to discourage the virtuous men and to divide them. Robespierre denounced to you what has happened today in the tribunes of the Convention; he could have added what happened yesterday. The result of this manoeuvre is that the malicious [people] accuse the Jacobins and the energetic patriots of it, who have the courage to directly attack all the intriguers and to make the principles prevail above all; but this manoeuvre is not the only [one] which is employed by the traitors. One has spread the rumour that a fatal division reigned within the Convention, within the Committees of Public Safety and of General Security; the goal of these frightening rumours was to carry out a movement of which our enemies would have benefited in order to subvert patriotism; but the people is on guard against all the insinuations of the scoundrels. If there have been divisions between individuals, there have never been any on principles; and I have to day that the Convention in its great majority is of an exemplary purity. I say the same thing of the Committees of Public Safety and of General Security; there are virtuous and energetic men, willing to make the biggest sacrifices for the patrie.\r\n\r\nThe Committee of General Security is maybe not blameless; I do not inculpate the members, they have pure intentions; but I will say that this Committee has been surrounded by scoundrels; arbitrary acts [which were] executed in its name have brought dread into the patriotic hearts. I have said this to the Committee itself; it has felt the truth, and the members to which I have spoken seemed willing to scrutinize their agents, and to do justice to the culprits. At the last session you have seen at your tribune oppressed patriots denouncing the immorality and the rascality of [a man] called Sénar, agent national of the commune of Tours, and agent of the Committee of General Security; there is no infamy which this atrocious man has not committed; but fortunate circumstances have arrived, one has opened the eyes of the citizens, the oppressed [citizens] have gained défenseurs officieux, the Committee of General Security has retired the powers which had fooled it, and had Sénar put into the state of arrest. For its part, the Committee of Public Safety, which the National Convention has entrusted with the exercise of the government, has dismissed the prevaricating functionary and replaced him with a citizen [who is] worthy by his purity, his civisme, of the confidence of the people.\r\n\r\nLet us be on guard, citizens; the agents of Pitt constantly are always awake around us; they want to divide us in order to ruin us; they hope that, by breaking the fasces which unites the republicans, it will be easy for them to defeat us; a day of discord within the Republic is worth more to them than a victory. I say this reluctantly, but this is the truth, you even have among yourselves agents of this infernal faction from abroad; there are even [some of them] within the National Convention. Fortunately, they are here in really small numbers, very small numbers, and the virtue and the energy of the National Convention can crush at the will of five or six small human figures, whose hands are full of the wealth of the Republic, and foul with the blood of the innocents which they have slaughtered. And [luckily], they do not take occasion, these infamous men, of what I say here, in order to repeat that it is at the National Convention that we want this. Me, proposing a measure against the national representation! me, who would sacrifice ten thousand lives for it, because I am convinced that the day when the national representation would be debased or dissolved, would be the day of the counter-revolution! But I cannot support injustice and immorality, because I want the Republic and morality with all my heart, which offer solid bases for the republican order to me. If one suffers [because] the system of Hébert renews itself, and [because] crime always comes to reign, the Republic is no more. I repeat it, with the courage of a man who fears neither the opinion of his contemporaries nor the judgement of posterity, because he doesn't have, and because he will never have reproaches to make towards his country: there are here and within the Convention a few impure men who seek to corrupt public morality, and to raise a throne to crime on the tomb of the mores of virtue. I do not propose here any particular measure against the vilest enemies, but [against] the [ones that are] most dangerous to public liberty; I only demand that the good men rally, that pure representatives separate themselves from these five or six impulsive beings, and that, from that day [onwards], they describe the borderline between them[selves] and the wicked [persons].\r\n\r\nI move to a fact [that is] important and which coincides perfectly with the intrigues of our enemies. Since a long time one empties Paris of its men, of its weapons and of its ammunitions; I honour the institution of the Plain of Sablons [the École de Mars], although I do not really conceive its motives; because it seems extraordinary that one wants to train three thousand students, in order to defend a Republic which needs twelve hundred thousand fighters. I believe that the young men [which have] come from all parts of the Republic will become worthy of the cares which one will take for them and of the great examples which the heroes who fight and die for the patrie give them every day.\r\n\r\nBut why does one send a large number of guns of large calibre to three thousand young people? Why did it leave, eight days ago, from the gunners of Paris, from these good and fearless defenders of the patrie, who have never calculated the dangers, and who have only seen the good of their country?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42623614,"asset_id":21886770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15657190,"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Kappelsberger","domain_name":"lmu-munich","page_name":"FlorianKappelsberger","display_name":"Florian Kappelsberger","profile_url":"https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/FlorianKappelsberger?f_ri=4652","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44001215" data-work_id="44001215" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44001215/Review_of_Anja_Bandau_Marcel_Dorigny_Rebekka_von_Mallinckrodt_%C3%A9d_Les_mondes_coloniaux_%C3%A0_Paris_au_XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_Circulation_et_enchev%C3%AAtrement_des_savoirs_Paris_Karthala_2010_297_p_Hommes_et_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_ISBN_978_2_8111_0380_4_EUR_28_00">Review of Anja Bandau, Marcel Dorigny, Rebekka von Mallinckrodt (éd.), Les mondes coloniaux à Paris au XVIIIe siècle. Circulation et enchevêtrement des savoirs, Paris (Karthala) 2010, 297 p. (Hommes et sociétés), ISBN 978-2-8111-0380-4, EUR 28,00.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rebekka von Mallinckrodt (éd.), Les mondes coloniaux à Paris au XVIIIe siècle. Circulation et enchevêtrement des savoirs, Paris (Karthala) 2010, 297 p. (Hommes et sociétés), ISBN 978-2-8111-0380-4, EUR 28,00. rezensiert von/compte rendu... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44001215" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rebekka von Mallinckrodt (éd.), Les mondes coloniaux à Paris au XVIIIe siècle. Circulation et enchevêtrement des savoirs, Paris (Karthala) 2010, 297 p. (Hommes et sociétés), ISBN 978-2-8111-0380-4, EUR 28,00. rezensiert von/compte rendu rédigé par Pernille Røge, Cambridge</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44001215" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d9413fc3a9ac3d5afbf08bae9cda1b55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64333902,"asset_id":44001215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64333902/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="997323" href="https://pitt.academia.edu/PernilleR%C3%B8ge">Pernille Røge</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="997323" type="text/json">{"id":997323,"first_name":"Pernille","last_name":"Røge","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"PernilleRøge","display_name":"Pernille Røge","profile_url":"https://pitt.academia.edu/PernilleR%C3%B8ge?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/997323/355893/36214482/s65_pernille.r_ge.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44001215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44001215"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44001215, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44001215", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44001215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44001215; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44001215"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44001215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44001215"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44001215; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44001215]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44001215").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44001215").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44001215"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="996709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Regime_France">Old Regime France</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="996709" type="text/json">{"id":996709,"name":"Old Regime France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Regime_France?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44001215]'), work: {"id":44001215,"title":"Review of Anja Bandau, Marcel Dorigny, Rebekka von Mallinckrodt (éd.), Les mondes coloniaux à Paris au XVIIIe siècle. Circulation et enchevêtrement des savoirs, Paris (Karthala) 2010, 297 p. (Hommes et sociétés), ISBN 978-2-8111-0380-4, EUR 28,00.","created_at":"2020-09-02T02:03:26.913-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44001215/Review_of_Anja_Bandau_Marcel_Dorigny_Rebekka_von_Mallinckrodt_%C3%A9d_Les_mondes_coloniaux_%C3%A0_Paris_au_XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_Circulation_et_enchev%C3%AAtrement_des_savoirs_Paris_Karthala_2010_297_p_Hommes_et_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s_ISBN_978_2_8111_0380_4_EUR_28_00?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_44001215","summary":"Rebekka von Mallinckrodt (éd.), Les mondes coloniaux à Paris au XVIIIe siècle. Circulation et enchevêtrement des savoirs, Paris (Karthala) 2010, 297 p. (Hommes et sociétés), ISBN 978-2-8111-0380-4, EUR 28,00. rezensiert von/compte rendu rédigé par Pernille Røge, Cambridge","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64333902,"asset_id":44001215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":997323,"first_name":"Pernille","last_name":"Røge","domain_name":"pitt","page_name":"PernilleRøge","display_name":"Pernille Røge","profile_url":"https://pitt.academia.edu/PernilleR%C3%B8ge?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/997323/355893/36214482/s65_pernille.r_ge.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":996709,"name":"Old Regime France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Regime_France?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41118330" data-work_id="41118330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41118330/Pregiudizi_duri_a_morire_La_lenta_riscoperta_del_pensiero_politico_di_Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl_negli_ultimi_quarantanni">Pregiudizi duri a morire. La lenta riscoperta del pensiero politico di Germaine de Staël negli ultimi quarant'anni</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article focuses on the slow rediscovery of Germaine de Staël’s political thought in the studies of the last forty years: after a century and half of oblivion, since the late 1970s and 1980s some French authors start to point out... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41118330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article focuses on the slow rediscovery of Germaine de Staël’s political thought in the studies of the last forty years: after a century and half of oblivion, since the late 1970s and 1980s some French authors start to point out political importance of her works and to analyze especially her "Des circonstances actuelles" and her "Considérations sur la Révolution française", emphasizing the liberal elements of her theory. In USA since the same years scholars study Staël’s figure from a different perspective, namely that of gender and cultural studies, which mostly leave aside her political thought. Only in recent years Staël’s political thought finally starts to be valued in monographs and wide-ranging works.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41118330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6748e9591b4d8a6d25abd37d80da0265" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61372866,"asset_id":41118330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61372866/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2397262" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/GiuseppeSciara">Giuseppe Sciara</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2397262" type="text/json">{"id":2397262,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Sciara","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"GiuseppeSciara","display_name":"Giuseppe Sciara","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/GiuseppeSciara?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2397262/18473754/18435455/s65_giuseppe.sciara.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41118330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41118330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41118330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41118330", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41118330]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41118330").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41118330").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41118330"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4568" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism">Liberalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4568" type="text/json">{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6245" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stereotypes_and_Prejudice">Stereotypes and Prejudice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6245" type="text/json">{"id":6245,"name":"Stereotypes and Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stereotypes_and_Prejudice?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41118330]'), work: {"id":41118330,"title":"Pregiudizi duri a morire. La lenta riscoperta del pensiero politico di Germaine de Staël negli ultimi quarant'anni","created_at":"2019-11-29T01:27:39.111-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41118330/Pregiudizi_duri_a_morire_La_lenta_riscoperta_del_pensiero_politico_di_Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl_negli_ultimi_quarantanni?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_41118330","summary":"This article focuses on the slow rediscovery of Germaine de Staël’s political thought in the studies of the last forty years: after a century and half of oblivion, since the late 1970s and 1980s some French authors start to point out political importance of her works and to analyze especially her \"Des circonstances actuelles\" and her \"Considérations sur la Révolution française\", emphasizing the liberal elements of her theory. In USA since the same years scholars study Staël’s figure from a different perspective, namely that of gender and cultural studies, which mostly leave aside her political thought. Only in recent years Staël’s political thought finally starts to be valued in monographs and wide-ranging works.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61372866,"asset_id":41118330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2397262,"first_name":"Giuseppe","last_name":"Sciara","domain_name":"unibo","page_name":"GiuseppeSciara","display_name":"Giuseppe Sciara","profile_url":"https://unibo.academia.edu/GiuseppeSciara?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2397262/18473754/18435455/s65_giuseppe.sciara.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4568,"name":"Liberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liberalism?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":6245,"name":"Stereotypes and Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stereotypes_and_Prejudice?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=4652"},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=4652"},{"id":25296,"name":"French history and politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_history_and_politics?f_ri=4652"},{"id":42881,"name":"Marcel Gauchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marcel_Gauchet?f_ri=4652"},{"id":80557,"name":"Benjamin Constant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benjamin_Constant?f_ri=4652"},{"id":104581,"name":"Francois Furet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Francois_Furet?f_ri=4652"},{"id":953283,"name":"Madame De Staël","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Madame_De_Sta%C3%ABl?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34972959" data-work_id="34972959" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34972959/R%C3%A9volution_et_Contre_R%C3%A9volution_en_France_de_1789_%C3%A0_1995">Révolution et Contre-Révolution en France de 1789 à 1995</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">L'objectif de ce livre est de parcourir les deux siècles qui nous séparent de la période révolutionnaire et tenter de rendre compte de l'étonnant chassé-croisé qui s'est joué entre histoire, historiographie et mémoire. À l'origine, chacun... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34972959" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">L'objectif de ce livre est de parcourir les deux siècles qui nous séparent de la période révolutionnaire et tenter de rendre compte de l'étonnant chassé-croisé qui s'est joué entre histoire, historiographie et mémoire. À l'origine, chacun des textes ici rassemblés a été composé séparément ; chacun étudie un éclat de ce bloc monstrueux que composent les événements survenus dans notre pays entre 1789 et 1799, mais en y ajoutant ce qui a été dit et fait depuis lors à son propos.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34972959" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1c2e68b1e8f7148786d695ec979c28f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54838578,"asset_id":34972959,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54838578/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2593793" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin">Jean-clément Martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2593793" type="text/json">{"id":2593793,"first_name":"Jean-clément","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JeanclémentMartin","display_name":"Jean-clément Martin","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2593793/816236/159382008/s65_jean-cl_ment.martin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34972959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34972959"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34972959, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34972959", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34972959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34972959; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34972959"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34972959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34972959"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34972959; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34972959]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34972959").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34972959").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34972959"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution">Historiography of the French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4653" type="text/json">{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter-Revolution_in_France">Counter-Revolution in France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21233" type="text/json">{"id":21233,"name":"Counter-Revolution in France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter-Revolution_in_France?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1822456" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contre-R%C3%A9volution">Contre-Révolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1822456" type="text/json">{"id":1822456,"name":"Contre-Révolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contre-R%C3%A9volution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34972959]'), work: {"id":34972959,"title":"Révolution et Contre-Révolution en France de 1789 à 1995","created_at":"2017-10-27T01:42:53.190-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34972959/R%C3%A9volution_et_Contre_R%C3%A9volution_en_France_de_1789_%C3%A0_1995?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_34972959","summary":"L'objectif de ce livre est de parcourir les deux siècles qui nous séparent de la période révolutionnaire et tenter de rendre compte de l'étonnant chassé-croisé qui s'est joué entre histoire, historiographie et mémoire. À l'origine, chacun des textes ici rassemblés a été composé séparément ; chacun étudie un éclat de ce bloc monstrueux que composent les événements survenus dans notre pays entre 1789 et 1799, mais en y ajoutant ce qui a été dit et fait depuis lors à son propos. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54838578,"asset_id":34972959,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2593793,"first_name":"Jean-clément","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"JeanclémentMartin","display_name":"Jean-clément Martin","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Jeancl%C3%A9mentMartin?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2593793/816236/159382008/s65_jean-cl_ment.martin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":21233,"name":"Counter-Revolution in France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter-Revolution_in_France?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1822456,"name":"Contre-Révolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contre-R%C3%A9volution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33522851" data-work_id="33522851" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33522851/Le_Cens_de_la_Famille_Les_Femmes_et_le_vote_1789_1848">Le Cens de la Famille. Les Femmes et le vote. 1789-1848</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">When attempting to situate women politically in the first half of the nineteenth century, the answer seems today to be self-imposed: deprived of the right of suffrage they are excluded from universal and individualistic revolutionary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33522851" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When attempting to situate women politically in the first half of the nineteenth century, the answer seems today to be self-imposed: deprived of the right of suffrage they are excluded from universal and individualistic revolutionary citizenship Is defined from 1789. The fact of their exclusion from an irreproachable objectivity does not, however, make us aware of their political situation as it was thought at that time (from 1789 to 1848). To this observation another may be opposed: Women are far from being the only ones affected by this "exclusion" (more a "non inclusion") who share this common destiny with the servants and the children. From an analysis centered solely on the exclusion of women as such to address those not included as "family members" we are led to wonder about the links between belonging to the domestic sphere and "exclusion" from electoral rights. <br />The calculation of the electoral census has a history which, because of the very "technical" nature of its subject, speaks volumes about the undisputed categories of the right to vote. Electors from 1789 to 1848 shows that family members being allowed to delegate their contributions to the elector for the calculation of the cens are considered as constituting his political capacity. The family far from being left out of politics constitutes the vector for the capacity of the citizen to speak in the name of greater than him and in particular in the name of the women.<br /><br /><br />Lorsqu'on cherche à situer politiquement les femmes dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle la réponse semble aujourd'hui s'imposer d'elle-même : privées du droit de suffrage elles sont exclues de la citoyenneté révolutionnaire universelle et individualiste telle qu'elle est définie à partir de 1789 Le constat de leur exclusion d'une objectivité irréprochable ne rend pourtant pas compte de leur situation politique telle qu'elle est pensée à cette époque (de 1789 à 1848) Car à ce constat un autre peut être opposé : les femmes sont loin d'être les seules concernées par cette exclusion elles qui partagent cette communauté de destin avec les domestiques et les enfants En sortant d'une analyse centrée uniquement sur l'exclusion des femmes en tant que telles pour aborder ces non inclus dans leur globalité tous « membres de la famille » on est amené à s'interroger sur les liens entre appartenance à la sphère domestique et exclusion des droits électoraux D'où le titre de cet ouvrage : Le cens de la famille Le calcul du cens électoral a une histoire qui en raison même du caractère « technique » de son objet en dit long sur les catégories non débattues évidentes du droit de suffrage De fait une étude attentive des lois électorales de 1789 à 1848 montre que les membres de la famille en étant autorisés à déléguer leurs contributions à l'électeur pour le calcul du cens sont considérés comme constitutifs de sa capacité politique Le familial loin d'être laissé à l'écart du politique le constitue Il est le vecteur à partir duquel se pense la capacité du citoyen à parler au nom de plus grand que lui et en particulier au nom des femmes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33522851" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e2ebe9bab324e7fae818e490fcb55af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53557659,"asset_id":33522851,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53557659/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3288104" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/AnneVerjus">Anne Verjus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3288104" type="text/json">{"id":3288104,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Verjus","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"AnneVerjus","display_name":"Anne Verjus","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/AnneVerjus?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3288104/8633602/17340797/s65_anne.verjus.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33522851 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33522851"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33522851, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33522851", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33522851]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33522851").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33522851").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33522851"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History">French History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1181" type="text/json">{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19435" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Citizenship">History of Citizenship</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19435" type="text/json">{"id":19435,"name":"History of Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Citizenship?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33522851]'), work: {"id":33522851,"title":"Le Cens de la Famille. Les Femmes et le vote. 1789-1848","created_at":"2017-06-17T07:41:54.128-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33522851/Le_Cens_de_la_Famille_Les_Femmes_et_le_vote_1789_1848?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_33522851","summary":"When attempting to situate women politically in the first half of the nineteenth century, the answer seems today to be self-imposed: deprived of the right of suffrage they are excluded from universal and individualistic revolutionary citizenship Is defined from 1789. The fact of their exclusion from an irreproachable objectivity does not, however, make us aware of their political situation as it was thought at that time (from 1789 to 1848). To this observation another may be opposed: Women are far from being the only ones affected by this \"exclusion\" (more a \"non inclusion\") who share this common destiny with the servants and the children. From an analysis centered solely on the exclusion of women as such to address those not included as \"family members\" we are led to wonder about the links between belonging to the domestic sphere and \"exclusion\" from electoral rights. \nThe calculation of the electoral census has a history which, because of the very \"technical\" nature of its subject, speaks volumes about the undisputed categories of the right to vote. Electors from 1789 to 1848 shows that family members being allowed to delegate their contributions to the elector for the calculation of the cens are considered as constituting his political capacity. The family far from being left out of politics constitutes the vector for the capacity of the citizen to speak in the name of greater than him and in particular in the name of the women.\n\n\nLorsqu'on cherche à situer politiquement les femmes dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle la réponse semble aujourd'hui s'imposer d'elle-même : privées du droit de suffrage elles sont exclues de la citoyenneté révolutionnaire universelle et individualiste telle qu'elle est définie à partir de 1789 Le constat de leur exclusion d'une objectivité irréprochable ne rend pourtant pas compte de leur situation politique telle qu'elle est pensée à cette époque (de 1789 à 1848) Car à ce constat un autre peut être opposé : les femmes sont loin d'être les seules concernées par cette exclusion elles qui partagent cette communauté de destin avec les domestiques et les enfants En sortant d'une analyse centrée uniquement sur l'exclusion des femmes en tant que telles pour aborder ces non inclus dans leur globalité tous « membres de la famille » on est amené à s'interroger sur les liens entre appartenance à la sphère domestique et exclusion des droits électoraux D'où le titre de cet ouvrage : Le cens de la famille Le calcul du cens électoral a une histoire qui en raison même du caractère « technique » de son objet en dit long sur les catégories non débattues évidentes du droit de suffrage De fait une étude attentive des lois électorales de 1789 à 1848 montre que les membres de la famille en étant autorisés à déléguer leurs contributions à l'électeur pour le calcul du cens sont considérés comme constitutifs de sa capacité politique Le familial loin d'être laissé à l'écart du politique le constitue Il est le vecteur à partir duquel se pense la capacité du citoyen à parler au nom de plus grand que lui et en particulier au nom des femmes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53557659,"asset_id":33522851,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3288104,"first_name":"Anne","last_name":"Verjus","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"AnneVerjus","display_name":"Anne Verjus","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/AnneVerjus?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3288104/8633602/17340797/s65_anne.verjus.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":19435,"name":"History of Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Citizenship?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":41608,"name":"Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship?f_ri=4652"},{"id":111497,"name":"Historiographie de la Révolution française","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiographie_de_la_Revolution_francaise?f_ri=4652"},{"id":855780,"name":"XIXth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/XIXth_Century_History?f_ri=4652"},{"id":2425595,"name":"Family and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_and_Politics?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28477162" data-work_id="28477162" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28477162/Neznani_in_zamol%C4%8Dani_Linhart_Unknown_and_Ignored_Anton_Toma%C5%BE_Linhart_">Neznani in zamolčani Linhart (Unknown and Ignored Anton Tomaž Linhart)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Članek o odkritju Linhartovega portreta in o sprejemanju Linhartovih komedij v srednješolska berila.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28477162" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4fd86f2eef3ecbff84e5b99dcbed9242" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48826270,"asset_id":28477162,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48826270/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24024367" href="https://ung.academia.edu/ZoranBo%C5%BEi%C4%8D">Zoran Božič</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24024367" 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28477162").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28477162"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="966" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Censorship">Censorship</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="966" type="text/json">{"id":966,"name":"Censorship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Censorship?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2521" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dramatic_Literature">Dramatic Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2521" type="text/json">{"id":2521,"name":"Dramatic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dramatic_Literature?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tragedy">Tragedy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="62582" type="text/json">{"id":62582,"name":"Tragedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tragedy?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28477162]'), work: {"id":28477162,"title":"Neznani in zamolčani Linhart (Unknown and Ignored Anton Tomaž Linhart)","created_at":"2016-09-14T04:14:35.650-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28477162/Neznani_in_zamol%C4%8Dani_Linhart_Unknown_and_Ignored_Anton_Toma%C5%BE_Linhart_?f_ri=4652","dom_id":"work_28477162","summary":"Članek o odkritju Linhartovega portreta in o sprejemanju Linhartovih komedij v srednješolska berila.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48826270,"asset_id":28477162,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24024367,"first_name":"Zoran","last_name":"Božič","domain_name":"ung","page_name":"ZoranBožič","display_name":"Zoran Božič","profile_url":"https://ung.academia.edu/ZoranBo%C5%BEi%C4%8D?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24024367/10928159/12195624/s65_zoran.bo_i_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":966,"name":"Censorship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Censorship?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":2521,"name":"Dramatic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dramatic_Literature?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":62582,"name":"Tragedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tragedy?f_ri=4652","nofollow":true},{"id":423532,"name":"Secondary School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secondary_School?f_ri=4652"},{"id":459421,"name":"Habsburg Monarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habsburg_Monarchy?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1000712,"name":"Anton Tomaž Linhart","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anton_Tomaz_Linhart?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1013535,"name":"Ivan Grafenauer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ivan_Grafenauer?f_ri=4652"},{"id":1641737,"name":"Commedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commedy?f_ri=4652"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11906007" data-work_id="11906007" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11906007/Julien_Bouchet_et_C%C3%B4me_Simien_Pour_une_nouvelle_approche_de_la_politisation_des_campagnes_">Julien Bouchet et Côme Simien, "Pour une nouvelle approche de la politisation des campagnes"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Julien Bouchet, Côme Simien. Introduction. Pour une nouvelle approche de la politisation des campagnes. Julien Bouchet; Côme Simien. Les passeurs d'idées politiques nouvelles au village. De la Révolution aux années 1930, Presses... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11906007" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Julien Bouchet, Côme Simien. Introduction. Pour une nouvelle approche de la politisation des campagnes. Julien Bouchet; Côme Simien. Les passeurs d'idées politiques nouvelles au village. De la Révolution aux années 1930, Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, pp.21-42, 2015, 978-2-84516-687-5. <<a href="http://pubp.univ-bpclermont.fr/public/Fiche" rel="nofollow">http://pubp.univ-bpclermont.fr/public/Fiche</a> produit.php?titre=Les</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11906007" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47b203d80e2ff7faab7070a860eb5543" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37279860,"asset_id":11906007,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37279860/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwODEyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29423558" href="https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/C%C3%B4meSimien">Côme Simien</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29423558" type="text/json">{"id":29423558,"first_name":"Côme","last_name":"Simien","domain_name":"univ-bpclermont","page_name":"CômeSimien","display_name":"Côme Simien","profile_url":"https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/C%C3%B4meSimien?f_ri=4652","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29423558/8435677/14064180/s65_c_me.simien.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11906007 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11906007"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11906007, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11906007", }); 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