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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Eighteenth Century History</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">35,081 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Eighteenth Century History</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Eighteenth_Century_History">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29665009" data-work_id="29665009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29665009/_Frederick_Prince_of_Wales_the_Court_of_Leicester_House_and_the_Patriot_Opposition_to_Walpole_c_1733_1742_">"Frederick, Prince of Wales, the ‘Court’ of Leicester House and the ‘Patriot’ Opposition to Walpole, c.1733–1742"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29665009" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The character and reputation of Frederick, prince of Wales, have long divided historians. His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him difficult to assess. The aim of this article is to attempt once more to reappraise the Prince both as a man at the head of a specific political interest but also more broadly as the symbolic figurehead of a wider patriot movement within society. Through analysis of the contemporary press, and of some of the key members of the Prince's own household, this essay will argue that Prince Frederick was more than just a figurehead for the patriots, if impeded by circumstances and occasionally distracted by his own protean tendencies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29665009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f33ab01ef8991936257a7df428cb1e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50497033,"asset_id":29665009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50497033/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19314726" href="https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles">Robin Eagles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19314726" type="text/json">{"id":19314726,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Eagles","domain_name":"histparl","page_name":"RobinEagles","display_name":"Robin Eagles","profile_url":"https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles?f_ri=5231","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29665009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29665009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29665009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29665009", }); 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His apparently piecemeal efforts at opposition have been dismissed as lacking in focus, while his mercurial character and early demise have left him difficult to assess. The aim of this article is to attempt once more to reappraise the Prince both as a man at the head of a specific political interest but also more broadly as the symbolic figurehead of a wider patriot movement within society. Through analysis of the contemporary press, and of some of the key members of the Prince's own household, this essay will argue that Prince Frederick was more than just a figurehead for the patriots, if impeded by circumstances and occasionally distracted by his own protean tendencies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50497033,"asset_id":29665009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19314726,"first_name":"Robin","last_name":"Eagles","domain_name":"histparl","page_name":"RobinEagles","display_name":"Robin Eagles","profile_url":"https://histparl.academia.edu/RobinEagles?f_ri=5231","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":25172,"name":"Courts and Elites (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Courts_and_Elites_History_?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":27831,"name":"18th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3756930" data-work_id="3756930" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3756930/The_Dread_of_Violence_and_the_Lure_of_Conflict_Contrasting_Attitudes_to_Warfare_The_Case_of_the_Hospitaller_Order_of_St_John">The Dread of Violence and the Lure of Conflict. Contrasting Attitudes to Warfare: The Case of the Hospitaller Order of St John</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">From the foundation of the Order of St John in 11th century Syria as a community of lay brethren intent on providing shelter, care and assistance to pilgrims visiting the Holy Land, the destiny of the Hospitaller Knights was irremediably... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3756930" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">From the foundation of the Order of St John in 11th century Syria as a community of lay brethren intent on providing shelter, care and assistance to pilgrims visiting the Holy Land, the destiny of the Hospitaller Knights was irremediably moulded for most of the next millennium. Geography, circumstance, religious ideology, and the pursuit of wealth all conspired to transform the future of the Hospitallers into a violent one, in keeping with the surrounding environment of the Middle East and the rest of the Mediterranean. The Order’s attitude to conflict changed, however, when the theatre of war shifted from the Mediterranean to mainland Europe. The acquisition of property on a Euro-Mediterranean scale - a practice initiated in the Order's years in Latin Syria -  helped chart the course of Hospitaller history, rendering the Order sensitive to events on the continent. Any land property in Europe was at risk of intrusion, occupation or exploitation by armies on the move, and the Hospital’s property was no exception. This study is an analysis of the Order of St John’s contrasting attitudes to violence, and the geographical, political, religious, and historical situations that generated such an approach. <br /> <br />PLEASE NOTE: <br />1. (albeit sparing Christian and Venetian merchants..) should read (albeit not sparing Christian and Venetian merchants..), although it must be stated that this generally contravened the Order's Statute and the prohibitions stated on letters patent for piratical activity issued in Malta, and HJA Sire (1996) elaborates on this, underlining how, in principle, the Order was against such practice. <br />2. The 'deeply-rooted divisions' mentioned in the text are a reference to enduring confessional animosities fostered by recurring confrontation spanning centuries, starting with the Arab invasions of the 7th-9th centuries. Very obviously they do NOT exclude encounters. If anyone is DAFT enough to interpret it otherwise, please let him.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3756930" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f2013e857aa2eda889b3aa8aa63a951" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38797121,"asset_id":3756930,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38797121/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="158143" href="https://aum-mt.academia.edu/IvanGrech">Ivan Grech</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="158143" type="text/json">{"id":158143,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Grech","domain_name":"aum-mt","page_name":"IvanGrech","display_name":"Ivan Grech","profile_url":"https://aum-mt.academia.edu/IvanGrech?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/158143/87005/94951/s65_ivan.grech.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3756930 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3756930"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3756930, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3756930", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3756930]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3756930").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3756930").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3756930"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History">Military History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133" type="text/json">{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1697" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence">Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1697" type="text/json">{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3756930]'), work: {"id":3756930,"title":"The Dread of Violence and the Lure of Conflict. Contrasting Attitudes to Warfare: The Case of the Hospitaller Order of St John","created_at":"2013-06-21T01:03:25.137-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3756930/The_Dread_of_Violence_and_the_Lure_of_Conflict_Contrasting_Attitudes_to_Warfare_The_Case_of_the_Hospitaller_Order_of_St_John?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_3756930","summary":"From the foundation of the Order of St John in 11th century Syria as a community of lay brethren intent on providing shelter, care and assistance to pilgrims visiting the Holy Land, the destiny of the Hospitaller Knights was irremediably moulded for most of the next millennium. Geography, circumstance, religious ideology, and the pursuit of wealth all conspired to transform the future of the Hospitallers into a violent one, in keeping with the surrounding environment of the Middle East and the rest of the Mediterranean. The Order’s attitude to conflict changed, however, when the theatre of war shifted from the Mediterranean to mainland Europe. The acquisition of property on a Euro-Mediterranean scale - a practice initiated in the Order's years in Latin Syria - helped chart the course of Hospitaller history, rendering the Order sensitive to events on the continent. Any land property in Europe was at risk of intrusion, occupation or exploitation by armies on the move, and the Hospital’s property was no exception. This study is an analysis of the Order of St John’s contrasting attitudes to violence, and the geographical, political, religious, and historical situations that generated such an approach.\r\n\r\nPLEASE NOTE:\r\n1. (albeit sparing Christian and Venetian merchants..) should read (albeit not sparing Christian and Venetian merchants..), although it must be stated that this generally contravened the Order's Statute and the prohibitions stated on letters patent for piratical activity issued in Malta, and HJA Sire (1996) elaborates on this, underlining how, in principle, the Order was against such practice.\r\n2. The 'deeply-rooted divisions' mentioned in the text are a reference to enduring confessional animosities fostered by recurring confrontation spanning centuries, starting with the Arab invasions of the 7th-9th centuries. Very obviously they do NOT exclude encounters. 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History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3165,"name":"Maritime History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3410,"name":"Urban History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5431,"name":"Seventeenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seventeenth_Century?f_ri=5231"},{"id":15289,"name":"Ottoman-Habsburg relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman-Habsburg_relations?f_ri=5231"},{"id":15736,"name":"History of the Mediterranean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Mediterranean?f_ri=5231"},{"id":25719,"name":"Religious History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":64446,"name":"Military Orders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Orders?f_ri=5231"},{"id":120272,"name":"Hospitaller Order of St John","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitaller_Order_of_St_John?f_ri=5231"},{"id":120273,"name":"History of Malta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Malta?f_ri=5231"},{"id":545156,"name":"Order of St John","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Order_of_St_John?f_ri=5231"},{"id":639656,"name":"Order of St. John of Jerusalem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Order_of_St._John_of_Jerusalem?f_ri=5231"},{"id":854922,"name":"Cavalieri Di Malta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cavalieri_Di_Malta?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5770778" data-work_id="5770778" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5770778/_All_Truly_Acquainted_with_the_History_of_Those_Times_John_Adams_and_the_Opposition_Politics_of_Revolutionary_England_ca_1640_41">"All Truly Acquainted with the History of Those Times": John Adams and the Opposition Politics of Revolutionary England, ca. 1640-41</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5770778" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8219317" href="https://suu.academia.edu/michelleorihel">michelle orihel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8219317" type="text/json">{"id":8219317,"first_name":"michelle","last_name":"orihel","domain_name":"suu","page_name":"michelleorihel","display_name":"michelle orihel","profile_url":"https://suu.academia.edu/michelleorihel?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8219317/3116413/3668666/s65_michelle.orihel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5770778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5770778"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5770778, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5770778", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5770778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5770778; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5770778"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5770778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5770778"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5770778; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5770778]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5770778").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5770778").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5770778"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History">Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135" type="text/json">{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="876" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Print_Culture">Print Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="876" type="text/json">{"id":876,"name":"Print Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Print_Culture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1053" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas">History of Ideas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1053" type="text/json">{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2340" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_History">Book History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2340" type="text/json">{"id":2340,"name":"Book History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5770778]'), work: {"id":5770778,"title":"\"All Truly Acquainted with the History of Those Times\": John Adams and the Opposition Politics of Revolutionary England, ca. 1640-41","created_at":"2014-01-19T11:55:54.214-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5770778/_All_Truly_Acquainted_with_the_History_of_Those_Times_John_Adams_and_the_Opposition_Politics_of_Revolutionary_England_ca_1640_41?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_5770778","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32794938,"asset_id":5770778,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8219317,"first_name":"michelle","last_name":"orihel","domain_name":"suu","page_name":"michelleorihel","display_name":"michelle orihel","profile_url":"https://suu.academia.edu/michelleorihel?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8219317/3116413/3668666/s65_michelle.orihel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":876,"name":"Print Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Print_Culture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2340,"name":"Book History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5431,"name":"Seventeenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seventeenth_Century?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=5231"},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=5231"},{"id":13287,"name":"American Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Political_Thought?f_ri=5231"},{"id":15573,"name":"American Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolution?f_ri=5231"},{"id":27533,"name":"Atlantic history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_history?f_ri=5231"},{"id":41509,"name":"John Adams","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Adams?f_ri=5231"},{"id":64683,"name":"American Revolutionary ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolutionary_ideology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":72892,"name":"Eighteenth Century Print Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_Print_Culture?f_ri=5231"},{"id":91136,"name":"Early American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_American_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":123135,"name":"The English Civil War and Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_English_Civil_War_and_Revolution?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9596573" data-work_id="9596573" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9596573/The_Sartorial_Self_Neoclassical_Fashion_and_Gender_Identity_in_France_1797_1804">The Sartorial Self: Neoclassical Fashion and Gender Identity in France, 1797–1804</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article examines the fashion for dressing à la grecque among elite women in late Directorial and Consular France. The discourse on Greek fashion served multiple, competing agendas. Neoclassical fashion presented opportunities for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9596573" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article examines the fashion for dressing à la grecque among elite women in late Directorial and Consular France. The discourse on Greek fashion served multiple, competing agendas. Neoclassical fashion presented opportunities for women's self-fashioning and agency as well as for reifying and essentializing femininity. Laying claim to the political and artistic virtues associated with the grandeur of classical antiquity, women who adopted neoclassical dress took on roles as arbiters of taste and aesthetics and as works of art themselves.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9596573" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16560056" href="https://southalabama.academia.edu/ClaireCage">Claire Cage</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16560056" type="text/json">{"id":16560056,"first_name":"Claire","last_name":"Cage","domain_name":"southalabama","page_name":"ClaireCage","display_name":"Claire Cage","profile_url":"https://southalabama.academia.edu/ClaireCage?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16560056/10342750/11541732/s65_claire.cage.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9596573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9596573"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9596573, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9596573", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9596573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9596573; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9596573"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9596573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9596573"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9596573; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9596573]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9596573").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9596573").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9596573"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History">French History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1181" type="text/json">{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2272" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History">Gender History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2272" type="text/json">{"id":2272,"name":"Gender History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9596573]'), work: {"id":9596573,"title":"The Sartorial Self: Neoclassical Fashion and Gender Identity in France, 1797–1804","created_at":"2014-12-02T09:57:47.841-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9596573/The_Sartorial_Self_Neoclassical_Fashion_and_Gender_Identity_in_France_1797_1804?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_9596573","summary":"This article examines the fashion for dressing à la grecque among elite women in late Directorial and Consular France. The discourse on Greek fashion served multiple, competing agendas. Neoclassical fashion presented opportunities for women's self-fashioning and agency as well as for reifying and essentializing femininity. Laying claim to the political and artistic virtues associated with the grandeur of classical antiquity, women who adopted neoclassical dress took on roles as arbiters of taste and aesthetics and as works of art themselves.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16560056,"first_name":"Claire","last_name":"Cage","domain_name":"southalabama","page_name":"ClaireCage","display_name":"Claire Cage","profile_url":"https://southalabama.academia.edu/ClaireCage?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16560056/10342750/11541732/s65_claire.cage.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2272,"name":"Gender History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":177724,"name":"History of clothing and fashion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_clothing_and_fashion?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78780026" data-work_id="78780026" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78780026/Liberty_Poverty_and_Charity_in_the_Political_Economy_of_Josiah_Tucker_and_Joseph_Butler">Liberty, Poverty and Charity in the Political Economy of Josiah Tucker and Joseph Butler</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Josiah Tucker, who was the Anglican dean of Gloucester from 1758 until his death in 1799, is best known today as a controversialist, a political economist and a lesser contemporary of Adam Smith. Little attention has been paid, however,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78780026" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Josiah Tucker, who was the Anglican dean of Gloucester from 1758 until his death in 1799, is best known today as a controversialist, a political economist and a lesser contemporary of Adam Smith. Little attention has been paid, however, to the important relationship between his religious writings and his wider economic thought. This article addresses this lack of attention in two ways: first by demonstrating the link between Tucker's conception of civil and religious liberty and his "science" of political economy, and second by drawing sustained attention to his economic adaptation and reformulation of the moral philosophy of Bishop Joseph Butler, Tucker's ecclesiastical mentor from 1739 to 1752. Emphasizing Butler and Tucker's views on the traditional Christian virtue of charity, and the moral duty of the rich towards the poor, the article suggests that both clergymen were proponents of a sociability-based, neo-Stoic conception of human nature, which was not only compatible with, but also dependent upon, the established Anglican Church and state and the predominantly Whig commercial order. In consequence, Tucker's political economy was premised on the unavoidability of social subordination and economic inequality as necessary hallmarks of modern commercial society. Accordingly, the article closes with a brief discussion of Tucker's "Butlerian" assessment and rejection of the "anti-social" doctrine of individual natural rights, associated with the popular radicalism of the American and French Revolutions in the latter half of the eighteenth century.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78780026" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a5a18840c2da3279aa8aa87b261bc615" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85704496,"asset_id":78780026,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85704496/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4614402" href="https://sussex.academia.edu/PeterPrice">Peter Price</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4614402" type="text/json">{"id":4614402,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Price","domain_name":"sussex","page_name":"PeterPrice","display_name":"Peter Price","profile_url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/PeterPrice?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4614402/1927291/14438745/s65_peter.price.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78780026 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78780026"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78780026, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78780026", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78780026 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78780026; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78780026"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78780026 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78780026"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78780026; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78780026]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78780026").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78780026").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78780026"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History">Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135" type="text/json">{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9690" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment">Intellectual History of Enlightenment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9690" type="text/json">{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78780026]'), work: {"id":78780026,"title":"Liberty, Poverty and Charity in the Political Economy of Josiah Tucker and Joseph Butler","created_at":"2022-05-08T13:31:02.635-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78780026/Liberty_Poverty_and_Charity_in_the_Political_Economy_of_Josiah_Tucker_and_Joseph_Butler?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_78780026","summary":"Josiah Tucker, who was the Anglican dean of Gloucester from 1758 until his death in 1799, is best known today as a controversialist, a political economist and a lesser contemporary of Adam Smith. Little attention has been paid, however, to the important relationship between his religious writings and his wider economic thought. This article addresses this lack of attention in two ways: first by demonstrating the link between Tucker's conception of civil and religious liberty and his \"science\" of political economy, and second by drawing sustained attention to his economic adaptation and reformulation of the moral philosophy of Bishop Joseph Butler, Tucker's ecclesiastical mentor from 1739 to 1752. Emphasizing Butler and Tucker's views on the traditional Christian virtue of charity, and the moral duty of the rich towards the poor, the article suggests that both clergymen were proponents of a sociability-based, neo-Stoic conception of human nature, which was not only compatible with, but also dependent upon, the established Anglican Church and state and the predominantly Whig commercial order. In consequence, Tucker's political economy was premised on the unavoidability of social subordination and economic inequality as necessary hallmarks of modern commercial society. Accordingly, the article closes with a brief discussion of Tucker's \"Butlerian\" assessment and rejection of the \"anti-social\" doctrine of individual natural rights, associated with the popular radicalism of the American and French Revolutions in the latter half of the eighteenth century.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85704496,"asset_id":78780026,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4614402,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Price","domain_name":"sussex","page_name":"PeterPrice","display_name":"Peter Price","profile_url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/PeterPrice?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4614402/1927291/14438745/s65_peter.price.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":18681,"name":"Adam Smith","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adam_Smith?f_ri=5231"},{"id":26950,"name":"Enlightenment Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment_Political_Thought?f_ri=5231"},{"id":218075,"name":"History of theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_theology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":2794469,"name":"English Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Enlightenment?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11399017" data-work_id="11399017" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11399017/How_to_Burlesque_a_Burlesquer_Paul_Sandbys_A_New_Dunciad_against_William_Hogarth">How to Burlesque a Burlesquer: Paul Sandby's A New Dunciad against William Hogarth</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter analyses a caricature, produced in 1753 by the watercolourist Paul Sandby entitled Burlesque sur le Burlesque. This caricature attacks the painter William Hogarth, in particular, his recently published aesthetic treatise, The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11399017" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter analyses a caricature, produced in 1753 by the watercolourist Paul Sandby entitled Burlesque sur le Burlesque. This caricature attacks the painter William Hogarth, in particular, his recently published aesthetic treatise, The Analysis of Beauty, and his stance in the English Academic debates of the 1750s – a series of events in which English artists debated whether or not they should migrate from private artistic academies to publicly funded and hierarchically organised arts academies on the continental model. The chapter explores the way in which Sandby targets his object, and through iconographical analysis, demonstrates how caricature operates visually as a literal puzzle that forefronts certain criticisms, and veils others.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11399017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0ca73a7908132d746c23d148d9659b80" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44174007,"asset_id":11399017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44174007/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2756939" href="https://unc.academia.edu/KathrynDesplanque">Kathryn Desplanque</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2756939" type="text/json">{"id":2756939,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Desplanque","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"KathrynDesplanque","display_name":"Kathryn Desplanque","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/KathrynDesplanque?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2756939/895338/36649262/s65_kathryn.desplanque.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11399017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11399017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11399017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11399017", }); 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This caricature attacks the painter William Hogarth, in particular, his recently published aesthetic treatise, The Analysis of Beauty, and his stance in the English Academic debates of the 1750s – a series of events in which English artists debated whether or not they should migrate from private artistic academies to publicly funded and hierarchically organised arts academies on the continental model. The chapter explores the way in which Sandby targets his object, and through iconographical analysis, demonstrates how caricature operates visually as a literal puzzle that forefronts certain criticisms, and veils others.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44174007,"asset_id":11399017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2756939,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Desplanque","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"KathrynDesplanque","display_name":"Kathryn Desplanque","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/KathrynDesplanque?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2756939/895338/36649262/s65_kathryn.desplanque.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":872,"name":"Caricature (Visual Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Visual_Studies_?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":17757,"name":"Caricature (Art)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caricature_Art_?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":34517,"name":"Satire \u0026 Irony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Satire_and_Irony?f_ri=5231"},{"id":66034,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_Art?f_ri=5231"},{"id":278112,"name":"William Hogarth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/William_Hogarth?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1739428" data-work_id="1739428" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1739428/Eighteenth_Century_Europe_A_Reader">Eighteenth-Century Europe - A Reader</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1739428" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9424ddd3153eb1f7f3acf816b14a1ab7" rel="nofollow" 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Ottomans: the Intellectual History of Ahmed Vâsıf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The First of the Modern Ottomans blends biography with intellectual history. On the one hand, it is the story of an Ottoman life – the life of the scribe, ambassador, and prolific historian Ahmed Vâsıf (ca. 1735-1806), a man who... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34117842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The First of the Modern Ottomans blends biography with intellectual history. On the one hand, it is the story of an Ottoman life – the life of the scribe, ambassador, and prolific historian Ahmed Vâsıf (ca. 1735-1806), a man who improbably rose from obscurity in Baghdad to travel the empire, fight its wars, advise its sultans, and, in time, write its history. As a full-scale biography, the book is a rarity for the field of Ottoman history and reconstructs Vâsıf’s life, career, and opinions through meticulous research in both Ottoman and European sources. On the other hand, The First of the Modern Ottomans is also one of the first detailed intellectual studies of the early modern Ottoman Empire. Weaving together Vâsıf’s life and thought with the larger intellectual currents of the day – especially at the court of Sultan Selim III in Istanbul – it explores central debates among the Ottoman ruling elite over Europe, political reform, war and peace, justice, and the empire’s renewal. Vâsıf’s life reveals a vital response to the empire’s challenges at the turn of the nineteenth century – one that was novel and deeply enmeshed in Islamic philosophy, ethics, and statecraft.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34117842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14e76e90aca34d54269ae5f1751d0701" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54048023,"asset_id":34117842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54048023/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2144376" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/EthanMenchinger">Ethan Menchinger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2144376" type="text/json">{"id":2144376,"first_name":"Ethan","last_name":"Menchinger","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"EthanMenchinger","display_name":"Ethan Menchinger","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/EthanMenchinger?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2144376/2579128/19485732/s65_ethan.menchinger.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34117842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34117842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34117842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34117842", }); 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Записная книжка (1755–1759) / сост. и науч. ред. И. И. Федюкин. М.: Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики, 2019. С. 51-84.","created_at":"2019-09-02T08:29:37.245-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40234548/%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_XVIII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_1755_1759_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%98_%D0%98_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9C_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_2019_%D0%A1_51_84?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_40234548","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60465624,"asset_id":40234548,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3102836,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Pirogovskaya","domain_name":"eu-spb","page_name":"MariaPirogovskaya","display_name":"Maria Pirogovskaya","profile_url":"https://eu-spb.academia.edu/MariaPirogovskaya?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3102836/1019794/32939515/s65_maria.pirogovskaya.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5044,"name":"Embodiment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embodiment?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":19063,"name":"Diary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diary_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":25175,"name":"Social History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History_of_Medicine?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":54659,"name":"Subjectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subjectivity?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44004160" data-work_id="44004160" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44004160/The_Economy_of_Virtue_in_Jane_Austens_Mansfield_Park">The Economy of Virtue in Jane Austen's Mansfield Park</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper aims to account for what I describe as the gentrification of the humanist tradition by strengthening the bond between the epistemic merger of virtue theory and the still emergent category of political economy in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44004160" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper aims to account for what I describe as the gentrification of the humanist tradition by strengthening the bond between the epistemic merger of virtue theory and the still emergent category of political economy in eighteenth-century discourses. I use Jane Austen's Mansfield Park (1814) to trace the shifting relation between character and currency to historical transformations in transatlantic slavery and the development of an innovative line of rhetoric capable of registering the historical novelty of ‘creditable’ yet ‘unreal’ value. I argue that the text articulates contemporary fears that the growth and diversification of character through the process of commodity production and exchange rendered virtue in a politically paradigmatic form archaic and remote. In other words, Austen's narrativized account of the advent of paper money and public credit dramatizes how these linguistic transformations resulted in a wider cultural unease about the socially determined indicators of value, character, and race, and meant that not merely the functioning, but the intelligibility of society depended upon the success of a program of reification. Yet I caution that the novel's conclusion signals that the success of this program remained anxiously unsettled at the close of the eighteenth century and that it instead acknowledges how the modern dialects of credit precariously subsumed grammars which had traditionally given shape to the material or otherwise ‘real’ foundations of civic personality and virtue.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44004160" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d82d97240d7bf8b97fdc2e4ff16e3d0a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64352689,"asset_id":44004160,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64352689/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19185437" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/JohnMazzoni">John Mazzoni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19185437" type="text/json">{"id":19185437,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Mazzoni","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"JohnMazzoni","display_name":"John Mazzoni","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/JohnMazzoni?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19185437/5348182/20122077/s65_john.mazzoni.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44004160 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44004160"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44004160, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44004160", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44004160]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44004160").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44004160").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44004160"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature">British Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15" type="text/json">{"id":15,"name":"British Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History">Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135" type="text/json">{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature">Eighteenth-Century literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2396" type="text/json">{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44004160]'), work: {"id":44004160,"title":"The Economy of Virtue in Jane Austen's Mansfield Park","created_at":"2020-09-02T09:51:30.233-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44004160/The_Economy_of_Virtue_in_Jane_Austens_Mansfield_Park?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_44004160","summary":"This paper aims to account for what I describe as the gentrification of the humanist tradition by strengthening the bond between the epistemic merger of virtue theory and the still emergent category of political economy in eighteenth-century discourses. I use Jane Austen's Mansfield Park (1814) to trace the shifting relation between character and currency to historical transformations in transatlantic slavery and the development of an innovative line of rhetoric capable of registering the historical novelty of ‘creditable’ yet ‘unreal’ value. I argue that the text articulates contemporary fears that the growth and diversification of character through the process of commodity production and exchange rendered virtue in a politically paradigmatic form archaic and remote. In other words, Austen's narrativized account of the advent of paper money and public credit dramatizes how these linguistic transformations resulted in a wider cultural unease about the socially determined indicators of value, character, and race, and meant that not merely the functioning, but the intelligibility of society depended upon the success of a program of reification. Yet I caution that the novel's conclusion signals that the success of this program remained anxiously unsettled at the close of the eighteenth century and that it instead acknowledges how the modern dialects of credit precariously subsumed grammars which had traditionally given shape to the material or otherwise ‘real’ foundations of civic personality and virtue.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64352689,"asset_id":44004160,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19185437,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Mazzoni","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"JohnMazzoni","display_name":"John Mazzoni","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/JohnMazzoni?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19185437/5348182/20122077/s65_john.mazzoni.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15,"name":"British Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5122,"name":"CIvic Humanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CIvic_Humanism?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":6283,"name":"History of Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7335,"name":"Jane Austen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jane_Austen?f_ri=5231"},{"id":9690,"name":"Intellectual History of Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History_of_Enlightenment?f_ri=5231"},{"id":56595,"name":"New Economic Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Economic_Criticism?f_ri=5231"},{"id":61215,"name":"Virtue theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_theory?f_ri=5231"},{"id":76276,"name":"Civic Virtue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civic_Virtue?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1574880,"name":"Machiavelli, Civic Humanism, Politics of Virtue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machiavelli_Civic_Humanism_Politics_of_Virtue?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1873482,"name":"Mansfield Park","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mansfield_Park?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_593169" data-work_id="593169" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/593169/_Work_Poems_Assessing_the_Georgic_Mode_of_Eighteenth_Century_Working_Class_Poetry">"Work" Poems: Assessing the Georgic Mode of Eighteenth-Century Working-Class Poetry.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Eighteenth-century Britain saw the emergence of a new poetic genre, the “work” poem which took various forms of labor as its subject and was often written by laborers themselves. Several of these working class poets found their lives... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_593169" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eighteenth-century Britain saw the emergence of a new poetic genre, the “work” poem which took various forms of labor as its subject and was often written by laborers themselves. Several of these working class poets found their lives transformed due to the success of their verse (Stephen Duck most famously), but most faded into literary obscurity. However, a substantial body of “work” poems was produced by a diverse group of poets throughout the century, each manifesting divergent concerns and attitudes about the experience of work. This chapter assesses the formal connections uniting this poetic genre, particularly the frequent use of such literary devices as ironic distancing, litotes, and mock-georgic description. Instead of solely classifying “work” poems on the basis of their subject matter, this chapter demonstrates that such poetry (indeed the genre itself) lends itself to sophisticated literary techniques often associated with other poetic genres. In this fashion the full measure of eighteenth-century working class poetry can be evaluated more fairly, particularly by analyzing the formation of a new genre designed expressly by the poets themselves. The chapter ultimately seeks to demonstrate the connectedness, rather than the alienation, of working class poetry to the eighteenth-century British poetic tradition.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/593169" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c3799ef373f56427578964e4156c638" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31915171,"asset_id":593169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31915171/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="134846" href="https://youngstown.academia.edu/CoreyAndrews">Corey Andrews</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="134846" type="text/json">{"id":134846,"first_name":"Corey","last_name":"Andrews","domain_name":"youngstown","page_name":"CoreyAndrews","display_name":"Corey Andrews","profile_url":"https://youngstown.academia.edu/CoreyAndrews?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134846/35802/50406060/s65_corey_e..andrews.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_593169 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="593169"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 593169, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_593169", }); 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Several of these working class poets found their lives transformed due to the success of their verse (Stephen Duck most famously), but most faded into literary obscurity. However, a substantial body of “work” poems was produced by a diverse group of poets throughout the century, each manifesting divergent concerns and attitudes about the experience of work. This chapter assesses the formal connections uniting this poetic genre, particularly the frequent use of such literary devices as ironic distancing, litotes, and mock-georgic description. Instead of solely classifying “work” poems on the basis of their subject matter, this chapter demonstrates that such poetry (indeed the genre itself) lends itself to sophisticated literary techniques often associated with other poetic genres. In this fashion the full measure of eighteenth-century working class poetry can be evaluated more fairly, particularly by analyzing the formation of a new genre designed expressly by the poets themselves. The chapter ultimately seeks to demonstrate the connectedness, rather than the alienation, of working class poetry to the eighteenth-century British poetic tradition.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31915171,"asset_id":593169,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":134846,"first_name":"Corey","last_name":"Andrews","domain_name":"youngstown","page_name":"CoreyAndrews","display_name":"Corey Andrews","profile_url":"https://youngstown.academia.edu/CoreyAndrews?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/134846/35802/50406060/s65_corey_e..andrews.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":15,"name":"British Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":18,"name":"Scottish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":938,"name":"Critical Discourse Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":997,"name":"Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1235,"name":"Sociology of Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Work?f_ri=5231"},{"id":2206,"name":"Genre studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genre_studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":2368,"name":"Reception Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Theory?f_ri=5231"},{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=5231"},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=5231"},{"id":2824,"name":"Working Classes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Classes?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3002,"name":"18th Century Scottish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_Scottish_Literature?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3125,"name":"Genre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genre?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3773,"name":"Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Criticism?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5176,"name":"Labour history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_history?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5305,"name":"Scottish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5583,"name":"Audience and Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Audience_and_Reception_Studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":6223,"name":"English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English?f_ri=5231"},{"id":6723,"name":"Formal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formal_Theory?f_ri=5231"},{"id":6922,"name":"Poetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetics?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7193,"name":"Working Class Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Class_Consciousness?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7194,"name":"E. 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Thompson and 'The Making of the English Working Class'","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E._P._Thompson_and_The_Making_of_the_English_Working_Class?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7200,"name":"Working-Class Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working-Class_Literature?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7251,"name":"Working Class Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Class_Agency?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7283,"name":"Reception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7720,"name":"British Eighteenth-Century Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Eighteenth-Century_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=5231"},{"id":8083,"name":"Scottish Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Culture?f_ri=5231"},{"id":8166,"name":"Quality 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CAZORLA","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Jes%C3%BAsMiguelS%C3%A1ezCazorla?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5221739/2867325/145742283/s65_jes_s_miguel.s_ez_cazorla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":7468,"name":"Military Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Architecture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":26916,"name":"Spain (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain_History_?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1113240,"name":"History of Melilla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Melilla?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40670439" data-work_id="40670439" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40670439/The_Presence_of_the_Book">The Presence of the Book</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Distortion is the moment at which the physical means of transmitting a text irrupt into a reader's experience of it. I will discuss distortion here as a phenomenon occurring in printed materials, but I do not wish to exclude other... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40670439" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Distortion is the moment at which the physical means of transmitting a text irrupt into a reader's experience of it. I will discuss distortion here as a phenomenon occurring in printed materials, but I do not wish to exclude other recognisable instances such as static in a radio signal, or white noise on a cathode-ray-tube television screen. To speak of distortion as an impairment, however, is to confirm the Platonic priority of another book-object. As textual scholars have shown, locating this authoritative ur-text can be, to say the least, difficult. Distortion is not a condition befalling individual textual artefacts (‘book-objects’) here and there: there is no non-distorted reading. In fact, a belief in non-distorted reading amounts to believing in pure, transparent mediation that leaves no trace of itself on the mediated. Leaving aside for the purposes of this essay the profound political implications of placing the labour of mediation under erasure, I will offer here a heuristic of distortion. Absent such a heuristic, ‘distorted’ book-objects and their texts will always be treated as degraded derivatives. The corollary of that treatment is to elevate an unknown, possibly non-existent ur-text to a position of unimpeachable authority, and to degrade both the experience of reading and of the embodied text and reader. We can solve the problem of distortion by placing the irreducible phenomenological singularity of the book-object at the centre of our experience of a text. This is existential reading: you are reading what you are reading and not anything else.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40670439" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="847b48ce726cc2a95c14123c570d44d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60953408,"asset_id":40670439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60953408/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="79236" href="https://durham.academia.edu/ClaudeWillan">Claude Willan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="79236" type="text/json">{"id":79236,"first_name":"Claude","last_name":"Willan","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"ClaudeWillan","display_name":"Claude Willan","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/ClaudeWillan?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79236/2550130/36834019/s65_claude.willan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40670439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40670439"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40670439, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40670439", }); 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I will discuss distortion here as a phenomenon occurring in printed materials, but I do not wish to exclude other recognisable instances such as static in a radio signal, or white noise on a cathode-ray-tube television screen. To speak of distortion as an impairment, however, is to confirm the Platonic priority of another book-object. As textual scholars have shown, locating this authoritative ur-text can be, to say the least, difficult. Distortion is not a condition befalling individual textual artefacts (‘book-objects’) here and there: there is no non-distorted reading. In fact, a belief in non-distorted reading amounts to believing in pure, transparent mediation that leaves no trace of itself on the mediated. Leaving aside for the purposes of this essay the profound political implications of placing the labour of mediation under erasure, I will offer here a heuristic of distortion. Absent such a heuristic, ‘distorted’ book-objects and their texts will always be treated as degraded derivatives. The corollary of that treatment is to elevate an unknown, possibly non-existent ur-text to a position of unimpeachable authority, and to degrade both the experience of reading and of the embodied text and reader. We can solve the problem of distortion by placing the irreducible phenomenological singularity of the book-object at the centre of our experience of a text. This is existential reading: you are reading what you are reading and not anything else.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60953408,"asset_id":40670439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":79236,"first_name":"Claude","last_name":"Willan","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"ClaudeWillan","display_name":"Claude Willan","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/ClaudeWillan?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/79236/2550130/36834019/s65_claude.willan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1197,"name":"Digital Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Humanities?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2811,"name":"History of the Book","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Book?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":6906,"name":"Digitization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digitization?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=5231"},{"id":8437,"name":"Martin Heidegger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Martin_Heidegger?f_ri=5231"},{"id":11744,"name":"Restoration and Eighteenth-Century English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Restoration_and_Eighteenth-Century_English_Literature?f_ri=5231"},{"id":67525,"name":"Existentialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Existentialism?f_ri=5231"},{"id":81431,"name":"Henry Sacheverell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henry_Sacheverell?f_ri=5231"},{"id":687854,"name":"OCR and text recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OCR_and_text_recognition?f_ri=5231"},{"id":727372,"name":"Jacobitism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacobitism?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22612325" data-work_id="22612325" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22612325/CfP_Crisis_and_Prosperity_The_Development_of_Prussian_Court_Music_from_1713_to_1806_">CfP: “Crisis and Prosperity: The Development of Prussian Court Music from 1713 to 1806“</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Symposium: The Staatskapelle Berlin at 450 – A Review “Crisis and Prosperity: The Development of Prussian Court Music from 1713 to 1806“ Venue: Staatsoper im Schiller Theater Date: 7th- 9th October 2016 Call for Papers Deadline:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22612325" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Symposium: The Staatskapelle Berlin at 450 – A Review <br /><br />“Crisis and Prosperity: The Development of Prussian Court Music from 1713 to 1806“<br /><br />Venue: Staatsoper im Schiller Theater<br />Date: 7th- 9th October 2016<br /><br />Call for Papers<br />Deadline: 1st April 2016<br /><br />From 7th- 9th October 2016, the Staatskapelle Berlin will hold its second international symposium, in cooperation with the Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation, Berlin-Brandenburg. The Staatskapelle celebrates its 450th anniversary in 2020, making it one of the oldest orchestras in the world. Ahead of this occasion, the Staatsoper is holding a series of annual symposia devoted to the history of the Staatskapelle Berlin and its international significance. This year’s topic, ‘Crisis and Prosperity: The Development of Prussian Court Music from 1713 to 1806’, places a focus on the 18th century, from the dissolution of the Prussian Court in 1713 to the collapse of the ‘old’ Prussia in 1806.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22612325" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="84b5cf1dfbb61d0b77a507657969a65f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43211210,"asset_id":22612325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43211210/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="198556" href="https://unibe-ch.academia.edu/LenavanderHoven">Lena van der Hoven</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="198556" type="text/json">{"id":198556,"first_name":"Lena","last_name":"van der Hoven","domain_name":"unibe-ch","page_name":"LenavanderHoven","display_name":"Lena van der Hoven","profile_url":"https://unibe-ch.academia.edu/LenavanderHoven?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/198556/91171/37791166/s65_lena.van_der_hoven.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22612325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22612325"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22612325, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22612325", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22612325]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22612325").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22612325").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22612325"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="671" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music">Music</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="671" type="text/json">{"id":671,"name":"Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22612325]'), work: {"id":22612325,"title":"CfP: “Crisis and Prosperity: The Development of Prussian Court Music from 1713 to 1806“","created_at":"2016-02-29T12:13:35.300-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22612325/CfP_Crisis_and_Prosperity_The_Development_of_Prussian_Court_Music_from_1713_to_1806_?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_22612325","summary":"Symposium: The Staatskapelle Berlin at 450 – A Review \n\n“Crisis and Prosperity: The Development of Prussian Court Music from 1713 to 1806“\n\nVenue:\t \tStaatsoper im Schiller Theater\nDate: \t\t7th- 9th October 2016\n\nCall for Papers\nDeadline: 1st April 2016\n\nFrom 7th- 9th October 2016, the Staatskapelle Berlin will hold its second international symposium, in cooperation with the Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation, Berlin-Brandenburg. The Staatskapelle celebrates its 450th anniversary in 2020, making it one of the oldest orchestras in the world. Ahead of this occasion, the Staatsoper is holding a series of annual symposia devoted to the history of the Staatskapelle Berlin and its international significance. This year’s topic, ‘Crisis and Prosperity: The Development of Prussian Court Music from 1713 to 1806’, places a focus on the 18th century, from the dissolution of the Prussian Court in 1713 to the collapse of the ‘old’ Prussia in 1806. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43211210,"asset_id":22612325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":43211394,"asset_id":22612325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":198556,"first_name":"Lena","last_name":"van der Hoven","domain_name":"unibe-ch","page_name":"LenavanderHoven","display_name":"Lena van der Hoven","profile_url":"https://unibe-ch.academia.edu/LenavanderHoven?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/198556/91171/37791166/s65_lena.van_der_hoven.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":671,"name":"Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":685,"name":"Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":687,"name":"Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musicology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":946,"name":"Musical Theatre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musical_Theatre?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3866,"name":"Music Theater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_Theater?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":9900,"name":"Cultural Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Musicology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":27831,"name":"18th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century?f_ri=5231"},{"id":30852,"name":"Court history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Court_history?f_ri=5231"},{"id":35133,"name":"Eighteenth-Century Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_Music?f_ri=5231"},{"id":40952,"name":"18th Century Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_Music_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":58850,"name":"Historical Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Musicology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":62383,"name":"Histoire de la cour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_de_la_cour?f_ri=5231"},{"id":97094,"name":"Prussian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prussian_History?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40340714" data-work_id="40340714" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40340714/Book_Review_Pleasing_and_Interesting_Anecdotes_An_Autobiography_of_Giacomo_Gotifredo_Ferrari_Trans_by_Stephen_Thompson_Moore_Ed_by_Deborah_Heckert_Hillsdale_Pendragon_Press_2018_">Book Review: 'Pleasing and Interesting Anecdotes: An Autobiography of Giacomo Gotifredo Ferrari'. Trans. by Stephen Thompson Moore. Ed. by Deborah Heckert (Hillsdale: Pendragon Press, 2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40340714" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc704a34f0fc9f1790f9c5b25185d9a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61927625,"asset_id":40340714,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61927625/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="229422" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewPink">Andrew Pink</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="229422" type="text/json">{"id":229422,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Pink","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrewPink","display_name":"Andrew Pink","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewPink?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/229422/60945/10471236/s65_andrew.pink.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40340714 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40340714"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40340714, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40340714", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40340714]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40340714").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40340714").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40340714"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="685" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History">Music History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="685" type="text/json">{"id":685,"name":"Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9900" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Musicology">Cultural Musicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9900" type="text/json">{"id":9900,"name":"Cultural Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Musicology?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17549" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Music">Italian Music</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17549" type="text/json">{"id":17549,"name":"Italian Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Music?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40340714]'), work: {"id":40340714,"title":"Book Review: 'Pleasing and Interesting Anecdotes: An Autobiography of Giacomo Gotifredo Ferrari'. Trans. by Stephen Thompson Moore. Ed. by Deborah Heckert (Hillsdale: Pendragon Press, 2018)","created_at":"2019-09-13T12:02:13.808-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40340714/Book_Review_Pleasing_and_Interesting_Anecdotes_An_Autobiography_of_Giacomo_Gotifredo_Ferrari_Trans_by_Stephen_Thompson_Moore_Ed_by_Deborah_Heckert_Hillsdale_Pendragon_Press_2018_?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_40340714","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61927625,"asset_id":40340714,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":229422,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Pink","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrewPink","display_name":"Andrew Pink","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewPink?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/229422/60945/10471236/s65_andrew.pink.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":685,"name":"Music History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Music_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":9900,"name":"Cultural Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Musicology?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":17549,"name":"Italian Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italian_Music?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":35133,"name":"Eighteenth-Century Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_Music?f_ri=5231"},{"id":36457,"name":"Musicians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musicians?f_ri=5231"},{"id":58850,"name":"Historical Musicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Musicology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":72708,"name":"Biography and Life-Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography_and_Life-Writing?f_ri=5231"},{"id":106710,"name":"Autobiography and Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autobiography_and_Biography?f_ri=5231"},{"id":164614,"name":"Social History of Music and Musicians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History_of_Music_and_Musicians?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59084816" data-work_id="59084816" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59084816/Colloque_LE_TRAIT%C3%89_DE_NYSTAD_ET_LA_CONSTRUCTION_DE_LA_PAIX_EN_EUROPE_AU_D%C3%89BUT_DES_ANN%C3%89ES_1720">Colloque LE TRAITÉ DE NYSTAD ET LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA PAIX EN EUROPE AU DÉBUT DES ANNÉES 1720</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59084816" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3eb5aa04ebc8cfdfeba86f342f64071c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73186032,"asset_id":59084816,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73186032/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51949519" href="https://nantes.academia.edu/EricSchnakenbourg">Eric Schnakenbourg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51949519" type="text/json">{"id":51949519,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Schnakenbourg","domain_name":"nantes","page_name":"EricSchnakenbourg","display_name":"Eric Schnakenbourg","profile_url":"https://nantes.academia.edu/EricSchnakenbourg?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51949519/23123246/22233559/s65_eric.schnakenbourg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59084816 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden 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InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59084816"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59084816; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59084816]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59084816").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59084816").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59084816"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="138" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History">Diplomatic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="138" type="text/json">{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History">Russian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15455" type="text/json">{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59084816]'), work: {"id":59084816,"title":"Colloque LE TRAITÉ DE NYSTAD ET LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA PAIX EN EUROPE AU DÉBUT DES ANNÉES 1720","created_at":"2021-10-20T00:16:52.727-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59084816/Colloque_LE_TRAIT%C3%89_DE_NYSTAD_ET_LA_CONSTRUCTION_DE_LA_PAIX_EN_EUROPE_AU_D%C3%89BUT_DES_ANN%C3%89ES_1720?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_59084816","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73186032,"asset_id":59084816,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51949519,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Schnakenbourg","domain_name":"nantes","page_name":"EricSchnakenbourg","display_name":"Eric Schnakenbourg","profile_url":"https://nantes.academia.edu/EricSchnakenbourg?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51949519/23123246/22233559/s65_eric.schnakenbourg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":138,"name":"Diplomatic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diplomatic_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":18274,"name":"Scandinavian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_history?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37820296" data-work_id="37820296" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37820296/Nobiles_pauperes_Vilniaus_misionieri%C5%B3_%C5%A1pitol%C4%97s_globotiniai_XVIII_a">Nobiles pauperes: Vilniaus misionierių špitolės globotiniai XVIII a.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">[EN] Nobiles pauperes: The Clientele of the Congregation of the Mission Hospital in Eighteenth-Century Vilnius In 1695, Jan Teofil Plater and his wife Aleksandra founded a hospital for six impoverished nobles in Vilnius. Situated near... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37820296" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">[EN] Nobiles pauperes: The Clientele of the Congregation of the Mission Hospital in Eighteenth-Century Vilnius <br />In 1695, Jan Teofil Plater and his wife Aleksandra founded a hospital for six impoverished nobles in Vilnius. Situated near the newly built church of the Ascension and the convent of the Congregation of the Mission in the Subocz suburb beyond the city walls, this hospital was the first and, until the end of the eighteenth century, the only charitable institution providing care for individuals of particular social status. The article, based on the hospital’s registry book and other sources, examines the quantitative, as well as qualitative characteristics of the institution’s clientele, such as its fluctuations in size, its social composition, and the causes of its inmates’ impoverishment. The research revealed that, despite the demand for care, the overseers managed to maintain a stable number of inmates, rarely admitting more than one or two persons every year, and thus ensuring a steady operation of the hospital (see table 1). However, in contrast with other charitable institutions in Vilnius, the clientele of the Congregation of the Mission hospital changed frequently because of expulsions (39.6 percent of all cases) and inmates leaving the hospital on their own initiative (20.1 percent) already in the first year of their stay. The mortality of inmates (27.8 percent) affected the size and turnover of the clientele to a much lesser extent than observed in other hospitals. Although there are no reliable data on the inmates’ age and health, such statistics show that they probably were younger and healthier than the clients of other charitable institutions in Vilnius. Moreover, the Congregation of the Mission hospital’s inmates differed from the clients of other institutions in respect of social composition. Impoverished petty <br />nobles, originating mainly from the districts of Lida and Oszmiana, constituted the majority (56.25 percent) of the hospital’s inmates whose social status is noted in the registry book (62.5 percent). The nobles became clients of the Congregation of the Mission hospital either because of old age, disability, as well as other accidental causes, or because of increased social vulnerability outside mutual aid networks, comprised of family members, kin or neighbours. The article argues that the foundation of a hospital designated to provide care primarily for impoverished nobles shows that the poverty of nobles was recognized by contemporaries as a social problem that should be tackled.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37820296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e5684dde3e7bfe23ff30b6de978fc8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60054884,"asset_id":37820296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60054884/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9859568" href="https://vu-lt.academia.edu/MartynasJakulis">Martynas Jakulis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9859568" type="text/json">{"id":9859568,"first_name":"Martynas","last_name":"Jakulis","domain_name":"vu-lt","page_name":"MartynasJakulis","display_name":"Martynas Jakulis","profile_url":"https://vu-lt.academia.edu/MartynasJakulis?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9859568/4387655/14970564/s65_martynas.jakulis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37820296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37820296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37820296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37820296", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37820296]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37820296").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37820296").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37820296"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26943" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Hospitals">History of Hospitals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26943" type="text/json">{"id":26943,"name":"History of Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Hospitals?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="103462" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_and_Poor_Relief">Poverty and Poor Relief</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="103462" type="text/json">{"id":103462,"name":"Poverty and Poor Relief","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_and_Poor_Relief?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="604923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Nobility">Early Modern Nobility</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="604923" type="text/json">{"id":604923,"name":"Early Modern Nobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Nobility?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37820296]'), work: {"id":37820296,"title":"Nobiles pauperes: Vilniaus misionierių špitolės globotiniai XVIII a.","created_at":"2018-11-21T04:07:13.130-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37820296/Nobiles_pauperes_Vilniaus_misionieri%C5%B3_%C5%A1pitol%C4%97s_globotiniai_XVIII_a?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_37820296","summary":"[EN] Nobiles pauperes: The Clientele of the Congregation of the Mission Hospital in Eighteenth-Century Vilnius\r\nIn 1695, Jan Teofil Plater and his wife Aleksandra founded a hospital for six impoverished nobles in Vilnius. Situated near the newly built church of the Ascension and the convent of the Congregation of the Mission in the Subocz suburb beyond the city walls, this hospital was the first and, until the end of the eighteenth century, the only charitable institution providing care for individuals of particular social status. The article, based on the hospital’s registry book and other sources, examines the quantitative, as well as qualitative characteristics of the institution’s clientele, such as its fluctuations in size, its social composition, and the causes of its inmates’ impoverishment. The research revealed that, despite the demand for care, the overseers managed to maintain a stable number of inmates, rarely admitting more than one or two persons every year, and thus ensuring a steady operation of the hospital (see table 1). However, in contrast with other charitable institutions in Vilnius, the clientele of the Congregation of the Mission hospital changed frequently because of expulsions (39.6 percent of all cases) and inmates leaving the hospital on their own initiative (20.1 percent) already in the first year of their stay. The mortality of inmates (27.8 percent) affected the size and turnover of the clientele to a much lesser extent than observed in other hospitals. Although there are no reliable data on the inmates’ age and health, such statistics show that they probably were younger and healthier than the clients of other charitable institutions in Vilnius. Moreover, the Congregation of the Mission hospital’s inmates differed from the clients of other institutions in respect of social composition. Impoverished petty\r\nnobles, originating mainly from the districts of Lida and Oszmiana, constituted the majority (56.25 percent) of the hospital’s inmates whose social status is noted in the registry book (62.5 percent). The nobles became clients of the Congregation of the Mission hospital either because of old age, disability, as well as other accidental causes, or because of increased social vulnerability outside mutual aid networks, comprised of family members, kin or neighbours. The article argues that the foundation of a hospital designated to provide care primarily for impoverished nobles shows that the poverty of nobles was recognized by contemporaries as a social problem that should be tackled.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60054884,"asset_id":37820296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9859568,"first_name":"Martynas","last_name":"Jakulis","domain_name":"vu-lt","page_name":"MartynasJakulis","display_name":"Martynas Jakulis","profile_url":"https://vu-lt.academia.edu/MartynasJakulis?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9859568/4387655/14970564/s65_martynas.jakulis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":26943,"name":"History of Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Hospitals?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":103462,"name":"Poverty and Poor Relief","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty_and_Poor_Relief?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":604923,"name":"Early Modern Nobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Nobility?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":864911,"name":"Congregation of the Mission (Lazarists)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congregation_of_the_Mission_Lazarists_?f_ri=5231"},{"id":891574,"name":"History of Poor Relief","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Poor_Relief?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1235865,"name":"History of Vilnius","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Vilnius?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1291917,"name":"History of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25735979" data-work_id="25735979" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25735979/Petites_maisons_du_refuge_libertin_au_pavillon_dhabitation">Petites maisons, du refuge libertin au pavillon d'habitation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Depuis le début du XVIIIe siècle, le concept d’un lieu situé à l’abri de tous les regards et voué aux plaisirs du libertin a envahi la littérature romanesque et théâtrale (Diderot, Sade, Crébillon, etc.). Les rapports de police et les... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25735979" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Depuis le début du XVIIIe siècle, le concept d’un lieu situé à l’abri de tous les regards et voué aux plaisirs du libertin a envahi la littérature romanesque et théâtrale (Diderot, Sade, Crébillon, etc.). Les rapports de police et les chroniques scandaleuses regorgent également d’anecdotes piquantes à ce sujet, contribuant ainsi à créer le mythe de la « petite maison ».<br />Cependant, il faut attendre les années 1750 et la construc- tion du pavillon La Bouëxière pour voir émerger un nouveau type architectural dont le programme s’élabore peu à peu. S’initie alors une vague de réflexions sur ce nouveau mode d’habitat et tous les quartiers périphériques de la capitale se couvrent d’édifices aux allures diverses mais répondant aux mêmes critères architecturaux : renouvellement des dispositifs conventionnels, réduction de la taille des appartements, adoption du plan massé et situation dans un environnement paysager.<br />La multiplication de ces petites maisons illustre par ailleurs l’émergence d’un nouvel art de vivre et les aspirations d’une société en mutation qui use de toutes les ressources des arts (architecture, jardin, peinture, sculpture...) pour créer de véritables écrins qui ne laisseront pas indifférent le public de l’époque.<br />Remontant jusqu’aux origines de l’habitat pavillonnaire, cette étude vise à montrer que si le phénomène des périphéries pavillonnaires a jusqu’alors été plutôt attribué aux retombées de la révolution industrielle et à la création de cités ouvrières, les prémices se font sentir dès la fin du XVIIIe siècle.<br />Un ouvrage ambitieux et richement illustré qui sollicite l’histoire de l’architecture et des jardins, mais également l’histoire des idées, de la littérature et du théâtre, de la politique et de la ville.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25735979" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98978b16f725014ab8be867310f59a47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46090768,"asset_id":25735979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46090768/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19495028" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/ClaireOllagnier">Claire Ollagnier</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19495028" type="text/json">{"id":19495028,"first_name":"Claire","last_name":"Ollagnier","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"ClaireOllagnier","display_name":"Claire Ollagnier","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/ClaireOllagnier?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19495028/5673579/6454510/s65_claire.ollagnier.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25735979 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25735979"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25735979, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25735979", }); 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Les rapports de police et les chroniques scandaleuses regorgent également d’anecdotes piquantes à ce sujet, contribuant ainsi à créer le mythe de la « petite maison ».\nCependant, il faut attendre les années 1750 et la construc- tion du pavillon La Bouëxière pour voir émerger un nouveau type architectural dont le programme s’élabore peu à peu. S’initie alors une vague de réflexions sur ce nouveau mode d’habitat et tous les quartiers périphériques de la capitale se couvrent d’édifices aux allures diverses mais répondant aux mêmes critères architecturaux : renouvellement des dispositifs conventionnels, réduction de la taille des appartements, adoption du plan massé et situation dans un environnement paysager.\nLa multiplication de ces petites maisons illustre par ailleurs l’émergence d’un nouvel art de vivre et les aspirations d’une société en mutation qui use de toutes les ressources des arts (architecture, jardin, peinture, sculpture...) pour créer de véritables écrins qui ne laisseront pas indifférent le public de l’époque.\nRemontant jusqu’aux origines de l’habitat pavillonnaire, cette étude vise à montrer que si le phénomène des périphéries pavillonnaires a jusqu’alors été plutôt attribué aux retombées de la révolution industrielle et à la création de cités ouvrières, les prémices se font sentir dès la fin du XVIIIe siècle.\nUn ouvrage ambitieux et richement illustré qui sollicite l’histoire de l’architecture et des jardins, mais également l’histoire des idées, de la littérature et du théâtre, de la politique et de la ville.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46090768,"asset_id":25735979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19495028,"first_name":"Claire","last_name":"Ollagnier","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"ClaireOllagnier","display_name":"Claire Ollagnier","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/ClaireOllagnier?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19495028/5673579/6454510/s65_claire.ollagnier.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":27366,"name":"18th Century France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_France?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":80603,"name":"Domestic Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Architecture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":540072,"name":"Villegiature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Villegiature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":761262,"name":"Histoire Des Jardins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_Des_Jardins?f_ri=5231"},{"id":2471692,"name":"Habitat pavillonnaire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_pavillonnaire?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12047560" data-work_id="12047560" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12047560/_What_Would_Jesus_do_in_the_Seventeenth_Century_Archbishop_William_King_of_Ireland_and_Christian_Humility">‘What Would Jesus do in the Seventeenth Century?’ Archbishop William King of Ireland and Christian Humility.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Paper from The Moving Forward Conference 2012.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12047560" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="914c8614b24edf47b26e01070b54b44a" rel="nofollow" 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Archbishop William King of Ireland and Christian Humility.","created_at":"2015-04-21T06:49:27.741-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12047560/_What_Would_Jesus_do_in_the_Seventeenth_Century_Archbishop_William_King_of_Ireland_and_Christian_Humility?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_12047560","summary":"Paper from The Moving Forward Conference 2012. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37375471,"asset_id":12047560,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28410141,"first_name":"Raymond","last_name":"Whelan","domain_name":"southdowns","page_name":"RaymondWhelan","display_name":"Raymond M Whelan","profile_url":"https://southdowns.academia.edu/RaymondWhelan?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28410141/8664400/83036125/s65_raymond.whelan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5431,"name":"Seventeenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seventeenth_Century?f_ri=5231"},{"id":29842,"name":"Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland?f_ri=5231"},{"id":835517,"name":"William King","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/William_King?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7370949" data-work_id="7370949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7370949/Elise_Kimerling_Wirthschafter_Religion_and_Enlightenment_in_Catherinian_Russia_The_Teaching_of_Metropolian_Platon_NIU_Press_DeKalb_2013_Ab_Imperio_1_2014_">Elise Kimerling Wirthschafter. Religion and Enlightenment in Catherinian Russia. The Teaching of Metropolian Platon. NIU Press, DeKalb, 2013. (Ab Imperio №1 2014)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7370949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eea415b7bb7f6056815f44e1cd833cdd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33967338,"asset_id":7370949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33967338/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1169397" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreyLazarev">Andrey Lazarev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1169397" type="text/json">{"id":1169397,"first_name":"Andrey","last_name":"Lazarev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreyLazarev","display_name":"Andrey Lazarev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreyLazarev?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1169397/414845/509714/s65_andrey.lazarev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7370949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7370949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7370949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7370949", }); 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(Ab Imperio №1 2014)","created_at":"2014-06-16T21:09:58.355-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7370949/Elise_Kimerling_Wirthschafter_Religion_and_Enlightenment_in_Catherinian_Russia_The_Teaching_of_Metropolian_Platon_NIU_Press_DeKalb_2013_Ab_Imperio_1_2014_?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_7370949","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33967338,"asset_id":7370949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1169397,"first_name":"Andrey","last_name":"Lazarev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreyLazarev","display_name":"Andrey Lazarev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreyLazarev?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1169397/414845/509714/s65_andrey.lazarev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":6027,"name":"Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":60090,"name":"Russian Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Empire?f_ri=5231"},{"id":170290,"name":"Russian Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Enlightenment?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1192458,"name":"Religion In Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_In_Russia?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38727581 coauthored" data-work_id="38727581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38727581/Jallier_de_Savault_1762_Some_Italian_Drawings_Rediscovered">Jallier de Savault, 1762: Some Italian Drawings Rediscovered</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Whereas the activities of the painter pensionnaires at the French Academy in Rome around 1760— such as Jean Honoré Fragonard (1732–1806) and Hubert Robert (1733–1808)—are well known, those of the architects remain at least partly in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38727581" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Whereas the activities of the painter pensionnaires at the French Academy in Rome around 1760— such as Jean Honoré Fragonard (1732–1806) and Hubert Robert (1733–1808)—are well known, those of the architects remain at least partly in the shadows. They are rarely mentioned in the cor- respondence of the institution’s director, Charles Joseph Natoire (1700–1777), who mainly reported on the arrivals and departures of the occupants of the Palazzo Mancini. The architects were expect- ed to produce plans of buildings and architectural projects and to perfect their skills in the domain of landscape drawings, in the same way as their colleagues who aspired to be painters. Yet, these works drawn from life in a picturesque vein have rarely come down to us. The estate inventories of architects, like the catalogues of sales produced during their lifetimes, mention few youthful works, and even if they survived these dispersals— even destructions—these drawings might still be classified in public collections and auction cata- logues as by anonymous French eighteenth-cen- tury artists. As it happens, under the atttribution “circle of Hubert Robert,” we have identified several sheets made by Claude Jean-Baptiste Jallier de Savault (1740–1806) during his short stay as a pensionnaire in Italy. These newly attributed works shed light on the career of an artist who has been largely forgotten in the history of art. At the same time, they document the role that mentoring by painters played in the oeuvre of a French student– architect in Rome in the early 1760s.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38727581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc7503b2275dd8e4fec03ad5ce934ac1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58813107,"asset_id":38727581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58813107/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33259701" href="https://archi-etudiant.academia.edu/YvonPlouzennec">Yvon Mullier-Plouzennec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33259701" type="text/json">{"id":33259701,"first_name":"Yvon","last_name":"Mullier-Plouzennec","domain_name":"archi-etudiant","page_name":"YvonPlouzennec","display_name":"Yvon Mullier-Plouzennec","profile_url":"https://archi-etudiant.academia.edu/YvonPlouzennec?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33259701/10134294/13693971/s65_yvon.plouzennec.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38727581">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38727581"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://universite-lyon2.academia.edu/SarahCatala">Sarah Catala</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38727581'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38727581').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38727581 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38727581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38727581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38727581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38727581").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38727581").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38727581"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38727581]'), work: {"id":38727581,"title":"Jallier de Savault, 1762: Some Italian Drawings Rediscovered","created_at":"2019-04-06T08:28:50.287-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38727581/Jallier_de_Savault_1762_Some_Italian_Drawings_Rediscovered?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_38727581","summary":"Whereas the activities of the painter pensionnaires at the French Academy in Rome around 1760— such as Jean Honoré Fragonard (1732–1806) and Hubert Robert (1733–1808)—are well known, those of the architects remain at least partly in the shadows. They are rarely mentioned in the cor- respondence of the institution’s director, Charles Joseph Natoire (1700–1777), who mainly reported on the arrivals and departures of the occupants of the Palazzo Mancini. The architects were expect- ed to produce plans of buildings and architectural projects and to perfect their skills in the domain of landscape drawings, in the same way as their colleagues who aspired to be painters. Yet, these works drawn from life in a picturesque vein have rarely come down to us. The estate inventories of architects, like the catalogues of sales produced during their lifetimes, mention few youthful works, and even if they survived these dispersals— even destructions—these drawings might still be classified in public collections and auction cata- logues as by anonymous French eighteenth-cen- tury artists. As it happens, under the atttribution “circle of Hubert Robert,” we have identified several sheets made by Claude Jean-Baptiste Jallier de Savault (1740–1806) during his short stay as a pensionnaire in Italy. These newly attributed works shed light on the career of an artist who has been largely forgotten in the history of art. At the same time, they document the role that mentoring by painters played in the oeuvre of a French student– architect in Rome in the early 1760s.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58813107,"asset_id":38727581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33259701,"first_name":"Yvon","last_name":"Mullier-Plouzennec","domain_name":"archi-etudiant","page_name":"YvonPlouzennec","display_name":"Yvon Mullier-Plouzennec","profile_url":"https://archi-etudiant.academia.edu/YvonPlouzennec?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33259701/10134294/13693971/s65_yvon.plouzennec.jpg"},{"id":33251773,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Catala","domain_name":"universite-lyon2","page_name":"SarahCatala","display_name":"Sarah Catala","profile_url":"https://universite-lyon2.academia.edu/SarahCatala?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33251773/9851344/14737239/s65_sarah.catala.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":10128,"name":"Eighteenth-Century French Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_French_Studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":12974,"name":"Drawing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drawing?f_ri=5231"},{"id":13965,"name":"18th \u0026 19th Centuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_and_19th_Centuries?f_ri=5231"},{"id":13966,"name":"History of Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Art?f_ri=5231"},{"id":14537,"name":"Drawings (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drawings_Architecture_?f_ri=5231"},{"id":23436,"name":"18th Century Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_Art?f_ri=5231"},{"id":27366,"name":"18th Century France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_France?f_ri=5231"},{"id":27831,"name":"18th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century?f_ri=5231"},{"id":41194,"name":"Old Master drawings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Master_drawings?f_ri=5231"},{"id":100378,"name":"Eighteenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":259719,"name":"Art \u0026 Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_and_Architecture-22?f_ri=5231"},{"id":304782,"name":"Architectural Drawing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_Drawing?f_ri=5231"},{"id":507685,"name":"Art and Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_and_Art_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":682686,"name":"Archutecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archutecture?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1194262,"name":"Eigtheenth Century Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eigtheenth_Century_Studies?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37383604" data-work_id="37383604" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37383604/Charlotte_Lennox_An_Independent_Mind_Toronto_University_Press_2018_">Charlotte Lennox: An Independent Mind (Toronto University Press, 2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Charlotte Lennox (c.1729-1804) was an eighteenth-century London author whose most celebrated novel, The Female Quixote (1752), is just one of eighteen works published over forty-three years. Her stories of independent women influenced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37383604" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Charlotte Lennox (c.1729-1804) was an eighteenth-century London author whose most celebrated novel, The Female Quixote (1752), is just one of eighteen works published over forty-three years. Her stories of independent women influenced Jane Austen, especially in her novels Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility.<br /><br />This biography places Lennox in the context of intellectual and cultural history and focuses on her role as a central figure in the professionalization of authorship in England. Lennox, who lived in America as a young person, participated in the most important literary and social discussions of her time, including debates concerning female authorship, the elevation of Shakespeare to national poet, and the role of periodicals as didactic texts for an increasingly literate population. Lennox also contributed to making Greek drama available for English-language audiences and pioneered the serialization of novels in magazines. Carlile’s work is the first biographical treatment to consider a new cache of correspondence released in the 1970s and reveals how Lennox was part of an ambitious and progressive literary and social movement.<br /><a href="https://utorontopress.com/ca/charlotte-lennox-2" rel="nofollow">https://utorontopress.com/ca/charlotte-lennox-2</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37383604" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="792d7b708c248efc299ea88f10cb8635" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57346422,"asset_id":37383604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57346422/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="89507" href="https://csulb.academia.edu/SusanCarlile">Susan Carlile</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="89507" type="text/json">{"id":89507,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Carlile","domain_name":"csulb","page_name":"SusanCarlile","display_name":"Susan Carlile","profile_url":"https://csulb.academia.edu/SusanCarlile?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89507/24904/20109924/s65_susan.carlile.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37383604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37383604"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37383604, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37383604", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37383604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37383604; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37383604"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37383604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37383604"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37383604; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37383604]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37383604").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37383604").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37383604"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1138" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies">Women's Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1138" type="text/json">{"id":1138,"name":"Women's Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature">Eighteenth-Century literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2396" type="text/json">{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7720" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Eighteenth-Century_Literature_and_Culture">British Eighteenth-Century Literature and Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7720" type="text/json">{"id":7720,"name":"British Eighteenth-Century Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Eighteenth-Century_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37383604]'), work: {"id":37383604,"title":"Charlotte Lennox: An Independent Mind (Toronto University Press, 2018)","created_at":"2018-09-11T16:01:49.966-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37383604/Charlotte_Lennox_An_Independent_Mind_Toronto_University_Press_2018_?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_37383604","summary":"Charlotte Lennox (c.1729-1804) was an eighteenth-century London author whose most celebrated novel, The Female Quixote (1752), is just one of eighteen works published over forty-three years. Her stories of independent women influenced Jane Austen, especially in her novels Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility.\n\nThis biography places Lennox in the context of intellectual and cultural history and focuses on her role as a central figure in the professionalization of authorship in England. Lennox, who lived in America as a young person, participated in the most important literary and social discussions of her time, including debates concerning female authorship, the elevation of Shakespeare to national poet, and the role of periodicals as didactic texts for an increasingly literate population. Lennox also contributed to making Greek drama available for English-language audiences and pioneered the serialization of novels in magazines. Carlile’s work is the first biographical treatment to consider a new cache of correspondence released in the 1970s and reveals how Lennox was part of an ambitious and progressive literary and social movement.\nhttps://utorontopress.com/ca/charlotte-lennox-2","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57346422,"asset_id":37383604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":89507,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Carlile","domain_name":"csulb","page_name":"SusanCarlile","display_name":"Susan Carlile","profile_url":"https://csulb.academia.edu/SusanCarlile?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/89507/24904/20109924/s65_susan.carlile.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1138,"name":"Women's Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":7720,"name":"British Eighteenth-Century Literature and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Eighteenth-Century_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=5231"},{"id":19064,"name":"Women Writers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_Writers?f_ri=5231"},{"id":19409,"name":"British Women Writers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Women_Writers?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1916013" data-work_id="1916013" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1916013/Socially_Selective_Mortality_During_the_Population_Crisis_of_1727_30_Evidence_from_Lancashire_Local_Population_Studies_2008_">Socially Selective Mortality During the Population Crisis of 1727-30: Evidence from Lancashire - Local Population Studies (2008)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The 1727-30 mortality crisis was, excluding the Civil War, perhaps the second most severe in England since the Black Death. This regional study of the crisis charts its course and impact in Lancashire, testing whether (as contemporaries... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1916013" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The 1727-30 mortality crisis was, excluding the Civil War, perhaps the second most severe in England since the Black Death. This regional study of the crisis charts its course and impact in Lancashire, testing whether (as contemporaries suggested), it caused greater devastation amongst the old, the rural population, and amongst the poor.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1916013" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4d0e85e1ceedc0caba5fb1cd0f0f71d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30869604,"asset_id":1916013,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30869604/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1645360" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/JonathanHealey">Jonathan Healey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1645360" type="text/json">{"id":1645360,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Healey","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"JonathanHealey","display_name":"Jonathan Healey","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/JonathanHealey?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1645360/571904/3397820/s65_jonathan.healey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1916013 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1916013"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1916013, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1916013", }); 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This regional study of the crisis charts its course and impact in Lancashire, testing whether (as contemporaries suggested), it caused greater devastation amongst the old, the rural population, and amongst the poor.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30869604,"asset_id":1916013,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1645360,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Healey","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"JonathanHealey","display_name":"Jonathan Healey","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/JonathanHealey?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1645360/571904/3397820/s65_jonathan.healey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13891173" data-work_id="13891173" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13891173/No_Extended_Sphere_The_Batavian_Understanding_of_the_American_Constitution_and_the_Problem_of_Faction">No Extended Sphere: The Batavian Understanding of the American Constitution and the Problem of Faction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In 1795 the old Republic of the Seven United Provinces collapsed, and Dutch revolutionaries founded a new, ‘‘Batavian’’ Republic. This essay reexamines the Batavian appreciation of the example of the American Revolution by focusing on one... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13891173" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In 1795 the old Republic of the Seven United Provinces collapsed, and Dutch revolutionaries founded a new, ‘‘Batavian’’ Republic. This essay reexamines the Batavian appreciation of the example of the American Revolution by focusing on one speciﬁc political phenomenon that troubled both the American and the Batavian minds: the problem of faction in republican states. I will show how the Batavians were introduced to the now famous Madisonian theory of faction by the Dutch federalist Gerhard Dumbar, a supporter of the American Constitution who wrote a Dutch anthology of the Federalist Papers. Subsequently, I will trace the Batavian understanding of factionalism as it was displayed in the parliamentary debates of the Dutch National Assembly and in the political weekly De Democraten. In the last section, I will turn to the Dutch revolutionary events of the year 1798 and their relevance for the Batavian answer to the problem of faction, which will lead me to conclude that the American alternative to an understanding of faction was ultimately rejected by all sides in the Dutch revolutionary debate.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13891173" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="21d866561d6b61993fcfe056d02162bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38152180,"asset_id":13891173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38152180/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32963523" href="https://knaw.academia.edu/JorisOddens">Joris Oddens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32963523" type="text/json">{"id":32963523,"first_name":"Joris","last_name":"Oddens","domain_name":"knaw","page_name":"JorisOddens","display_name":"Joris Oddens","profile_url":"https://knaw.academia.edu/JorisOddens?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32963523/9800608/15314871/s65_joris.oddens.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13891173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13891173"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13891173, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13891173", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13891173]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13891173").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13891173").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13891173"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="997" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Studies">Reception Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="997" type="text/json">{"id":997,"name":"Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2935" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism">Republicanism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2935" type="text/json">{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15573" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolution">American Revolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15573" type="text/json">{"id":15573,"name":"American Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolution?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13891173]'), work: {"id":13891173,"title":"No Extended Sphere: The Batavian Understanding of the American Constitution and the Problem of Faction","created_at":"2015-07-10T08:42:08.888-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13891173/No_Extended_Sphere_The_Batavian_Understanding_of_the_American_Constitution_and_the_Problem_of_Faction?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_13891173","summary":"In 1795 the old Republic of the Seven United Provinces collapsed, and Dutch revolutionaries founded a new, ‘‘Batavian’’ Republic. This essay reexamines the Batavian appreciation of the example of the American Revolution by focusing on one speciﬁc political phenomenon that troubled both the American and the Batavian minds: the problem of faction in republican states. I will show how the Batavians were introduced to the now famous Madisonian theory of faction by the Dutch federalist Gerhard Dumbar, a supporter of the American Constitution who wrote a Dutch anthology of the Federalist Papers. Subsequently, I will trace the Batavian understanding of factionalism as it was displayed in the parliamentary debates of the Dutch National Assembly and in the political weekly De Democraten. In the last section, I will turn to the Dutch revolutionary events of the year 1798 and their relevance for the Batavian answer to the problem of faction, which will lead me to conclude that the American alternative to an understanding of faction was ultimately rejected by all sides in the Dutch revolutionary debate.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38152180,"asset_id":13891173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32963523,"first_name":"Joris","last_name":"Oddens","domain_name":"knaw","page_name":"JorisOddens","display_name":"Joris Oddens","profile_url":"https://knaw.academia.edu/JorisOddens?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32963523/9800608/15314871/s65_joris.oddens.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":997,"name":"Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2935,"name":"Republicanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Republicanism?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":15573,"name":"American Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolution?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":20742,"name":"The Age of Revolutions in the Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Age_of_Revolutions_in_the_Atlantic_World?f_ri=5231"},{"id":27831,"name":"18th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century?f_ri=5231"},{"id":49917,"name":"Dutch History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dutch_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":73236,"name":"James Madison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/James_Madison?f_ri=5231"},{"id":449868,"name":"Federalist Papers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalist_Papers?f_ri=5231"},{"id":626553,"name":"The American Constitution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American_Constitution?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1394474,"name":"Batavian Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Batavian_Republic?f_ri=5231"},{"id":2006630,"name":"Batavian Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Batavian_Revolution?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43193831" data-work_id="43193831" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43193831/Onder_de_wol_Slapen_en_sluimeren_in_het_achttiende_eeuwse_Antwerpen">Onder de wol. Slapen en sluimeren in het achttiende-eeuwse Antwerpen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Slaap. Hoewel slapen en sluimeren belangrijk aspecten waren van het dagdagelijkse leven in vroegmodern Europa, weten we er omzeggens niets over. Diverse cruciale vragen (zie hieronder) blijven daarbij onbeantwoord. Roger Ekirch is zowat... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43193831" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Slaap. Hoewel slapen en sluimeren belangrijk aspecten waren van het dagdagelijkse leven in vroegmodern Europa, weten we er omzeggens niets over. Diverse cruciale vragen (zie hieronder) blijven daarbij onbeantwoord. Roger Ekirch is zowat de enige onderzoeker die over het onderwerp letterlijk artikelen en boeken vol heeft geschreven, hoewel het thema nu ook zijdelings tussen andere onderwerpen opduikt. Door enkele van Ekirch’s uitgangspunten nog eens kritisch onder de loep te nemen – pre-industriële mensen sliepen langer, maar minder continu, tot de opkomst van artificieel licht onze slaapcultuur voorgoed veranderde – willen we het debat weer aanwakkeren. Door in te zoomen op een lokaal bronnentype (namelijk juridische verslagen) kunnen we meteen ook de publieke belangstelling voor die lokale archieven weer een duwtje in de rug geven. Het zijn immers onvermoede schatkamers om het dagelijks leven in het verleden te reconstrueren.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43193831" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ff373333707019bf2be81f57fdece64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63460971,"asset_id":43193831,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63460971/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1189816" href="https://antwerp.academia.edu/GerritVerhoeven">Gerrit Verhoeven</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1189816" type="text/json">{"id":1189816,"first_name":"Gerrit","last_name":"Verhoeven","domain_name":"antwerp","page_name":"GerritVerhoeven","display_name":"Gerrit Verhoeven","profile_url":"https://antwerp.academia.edu/GerritVerhoeven?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1189816/425231/2819132/s65_gerrit.verhoeven.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43193831 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43193831"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43193831, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43193831", }); 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Slapen en sluimeren in het achttiende-eeuwse Antwerpen","created_at":"2020-05-29T00:35:45.250-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43193831/Onder_de_wol_Slapen_en_sluimeren_in_het_achttiende_eeuwse_Antwerpen?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_43193831","summary":"Slaap. Hoewel slapen en sluimeren belangrijk aspecten waren van het dagdagelijkse leven in vroegmodern Europa, weten we er omzeggens niets over. Diverse cruciale vragen (zie hieronder) blijven daarbij onbeantwoord. Roger Ekirch is zowat de enige onderzoeker die over het onderwerp letterlijk artikelen en boeken vol heeft geschreven, hoewel het thema nu ook zijdelings tussen andere onderwerpen opduikt. Door enkele van Ekirch’s uitgangspunten nog eens kritisch onder de loep te nemen – pre-industriële mensen sliepen langer, maar minder continu, tot de opkomst van artificieel licht onze slaapcultuur voorgoed veranderde – willen we het debat weer aanwakkeren. Door in te zoomen op een lokaal bronnentype (namelijk juridische verslagen) kunnen we meteen ook de publieke belangstelling voor die lokale archieven weer een duwtje in de rug geven. Het zijn immers onvermoede schatkamers om het dagelijks leven in het verleden te reconstrueren. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63460971,"asset_id":43193831,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1189816,"first_name":"Gerrit","last_name":"Verhoeven","domain_name":"antwerp","page_name":"GerritVerhoeven","display_name":"Gerrit Verhoeven","profile_url":"https://antwerp.academia.edu/GerritVerhoeven?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1189816/425231/2819132/s65_gerrit.verhoeven.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":13845,"name":"Time Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Use?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":27315,"name":"Sleep \u0026 Circadian Rhythms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep_and_Circadian_Rhythms?f_ri=5231"},{"id":28985,"name":"History of the Southern Netherlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Southern_Netherlands?f_ri=5231"},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27939480" data-work_id="27939480" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27939480/La_politica_protezionistica_veneziana_e_il_fallimento_della_produzione_della_pasta_alluso_di_Genova_e_Napoli_">La politica protezionistica veneziana e il fallimento della produzione della pasta "all'uso di Genova e Napoli"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the eighteenth century dried pasta 'as made in Genoa and Naples' was a luxury food accessible only to the wealthiest segment of the population. Durum wheat flour was necessary to produce this type of pasta, but in the venetian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27939480" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the eighteenth century dried pasta 'as made in Genoa and Naples' was a luxury food accessible only to the wealthiest segment of the population. Durum wheat flour was necessary to produce this type of pasta, but in the venetian territory only common wheat grew, which the 'lasagneri' used to make fresh pasta. Archival sources testify that, during the eighteenth century, several landowners made numerous attempts, with the help of specific government legislation, to plant durum wheat on their land in order to initiate local production of dried pasta, which they wished to introduce into Venice's consumer market. The article sets out to investigate the reasons for the failure of local production of dried pasta, reconstructing the events that led up to this failure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27939480" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b12f723198b13b6f902e963151fc472d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48233457,"asset_id":27939480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48233457/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40869781" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GiuliaVertecchi">Giulia Vertecchi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40869781" type="text/json">{"id":40869781,"first_name":"Giulia","last_name":"Vertecchi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GiuliaVertecchi","display_name":"Giulia Vertecchi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GiuliaVertecchi?f_ri=5231","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27939480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27939480"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27939480, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27939480", }); 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Durum wheat flour was necessary to produce this type of pasta, but in the venetian territory only common wheat grew, which the 'lasagneri' used to make fresh pasta. Archival sources testify that, during the eighteenth century, several landowners made numerous attempts, with the help of specific government legislation, to plant durum wheat on their land in order to initiate local production of dried pasta, which they wished to introduce into Venice's consumer market. 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The German Benedictines, 1750–1803. Oxford: 2011.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Enlightened Monks investigates the social, cultural, philosophical, and theological challenges the German Benedictines had to face between 1740 and 1803, and how the Enlightenment process influenced the self-understanding and lifestyle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_407670" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Enlightened Monks investigates the social, cultural, philosophical, and theological challenges the German Benedictines had to face between 1740 and 1803, and how the Enlightenment process influenced the self-understanding and lifestyle of these religious communities. It had an impact on their forms of communication, their transfer of knowledge, their relationships to worldly authorities and to the academic world, and also their theology and philosophy. The multifacetedachievements of enlightened monks, which included a strong belief in individual freedom, tolerance, human rights, and non-violence, show that monasticism was on the way to becoming fully integrated into the Enlightenment. Ulrich L. Lehner refutes the widespread assumption that monks were reactionary enemies ofEnlightenment ideas. On the contrary, he demonstrates that many Benedictines implemented the new ideas of the time into their own systems of thought. This revisionist account contributes to a better understanding not only of monastic culture in Central Europe, but also of Catholic religious culture in general. <br /> <br />Reviews: <br /> <br />"Lehner is nothing if not a thorough and industrious scholar, and the wealth of information he has amassed alone makes this book a valuable resource. But he is also a fluid writer, with an eye for piquant details and arresting stories, ensuring that the narrative is enlivened along the way by a great number of vivid and sensitive portraits of individuals." <br />Darrin McMahon, The Catholic Historical Review <br /> <br />"This book is of the same calibre as Derek Beale's magisterial work about monasticism during the Ancien Régime." <br />Rainald Becker, Francia Recensio <br /> <br />"No scholar interested in early modern monasticism or Catholicism, the Catholic or German enlightenments, or religion and the Enlightenment can afford to overlook this book ... This book deeply contextualizes intellectual and religious history. One of its great virtues is the way it combines monastic responses to new historical, legal, philosophical, and theological ideas with concrete attention to monastic material culture, social practices and institutional innovations." <br />Brad S. Gregory, Theological Studies <br /> <br />"Beautifully written and cogently argued, Lehner’s book makes a thoroughly convincing case for – what those clinging to a Voltairean Enlightenment will hardly believe – enlightened monks." <br />James Lees, Eighteenth Century Studies <br /> <br />"This fascinating book … might stimulate monastic communities today to ask whether they too could learn from the Enlightened Monks." <br />James Leachmann, Benedictine Culture <br /> <br />"This book is highly entertaining." <br />Johannes Reich, Erbe und Auftrag <br /> <br />"A stimulating book that will leave no one indifferent!" <br />Daniel Misonne, Revue Benedictine <br /> <br />"Many of the ideas and reforms of these eighteenth century Benedictines are in many ways strikingly similar to the radical changes in monasticism after the Second Vatican Council. … It is the great merit of this book to have saved these enlightened Benedictines from oblivion and to have unearthed a monastic culture that was characterized by its openness to modernity." <br />Klaus Schatz, Theologie und Philosophie <br /> <br /> <br />"Engagingly written, deeply researched, and seriously engaged with current research, Lehner’s work demonstrates that the Enlightenment was far more than a secular movement pitted against an obscurantist religious outlook. It was, rather, a multi-faceted trend to reconcile science and reason with matters of faith. Enlightened Monks illustrates how, paradoxically, an institution known most as a relic of the medieval past actually stood on the front lines of this endeavor." <br />from the Gilmary Shea Prize Committee <br /> <br />"This little summary doesn’t do justice to the book’s range and depth of research. Lehner offers, among other things, an excellent description of mo- nastic prisons, as well as deftly drawn portraits of various savants, rogues, and dreamers in and out of the mon- asteries. Enlightened Monks also pro- vides important context for the later German revival of theology centered in nineteenth-century Tübingen. Despite its somewhat recherché title, this is one the most interesting books I’ve read this year." <br />Lawrence S. Cunningham, Commonweal <br /> <br />"This very learned and highly original book, based on little-known and often obscure sources, reveals the existence of a remarkable subculture of Enlightened, even revolutionary, monks who had personal as well as literary and philosophical connexions with the non-monastic world." <br />Journal Ecclesiastical History, Derek Beales, Cambridge <br /> <br />Lehner's work marks a significant step in original research. His extensive citation of archival sources offers a new perspective on European religious culture... The book's content appeals to a wide range of scholars and is not reserved for the narrow musings of the specialist. The sociologist and historian will be intrigued as will the philosopher and the theologian. <br />Journal of Church and State <br /> <br />"Far from idle malingerers or enemies of Enlightenment, Lehner recounts how these monks interacted with and contributed to the Enlightenment. Lehner's monks voraciously consumed Enlightenment-era scholarship, supported reforms that would relax monastic duties in favor of a life of knowledge, invoked the language of natural rights to call for freedom of conscience and privacy from their abbots, corresponded with other luminaries, gave public lectures, produced original research on sacred and secular topics, and thus fully participated in the Republic of Letters. As such, Lehner has proffered a convincing argument that the German Benedictines might be counted not only as constituents of the Catholic Aufklärung, but as figures who existed squarely within the Enlightenment itself." <br />Religious Studies Reviews <br /> <br />"As a model of contemporary historiography and engaging scholarship, Enlightened Monks is about as good as it gets." J. Yegge, catholicbooksreview.org <br /> <br />"Die zunaechst als Praemisse begruendete besondere Affinitaet des Benediktinerordens zur Aufklaerung wird ueberzeugend nachgewiesen, katholische Aufklaerung erhaelt ein weiteres Profil." <br />S. Benz, Historische Zeitschrift"</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/407670" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c199463ee9c1360fa686e3d56e5331c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30941867,"asset_id":407670,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30941867/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="307321" href="https://nd.academia.edu/UlrichLLehner">Ulrich L . Lehner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="307321" type="text/json">{"id":307321,"first_name":"Ulrich","last_name":"Lehner","domain_name":"nd","page_name":"UlrichLLehner","display_name":"Ulrich L . Lehner","profile_url":"https://nd.academia.edu/UlrichLLehner?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/307321/61909/158905480/s65_ulrich_l..lehner.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_407670 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="407670"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 407670, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_407670", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_407670 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 407670; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_407670"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_407670 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="407670"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 407670; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=407670]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_407670").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_407670").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="407670"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1302" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology">Theology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1302" type="text/json">{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=407670]'), work: {"id":407670,"title":"Enlightened Monks. The German Benedictines, 1750–1803. Oxford: 2011.","created_at":"2011-01-10T10:55:25.254-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/407670/Enlightened_Monks_The_German_Benedictines_1750_1803_Oxford_2011?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_407670","summary":"\"Enlightened Monks investigates the social, cultural, philosophical, and theological challenges the German Benedictines had to face between 1740 and 1803, and how the Enlightenment process influenced the self-understanding and lifestyle of these religious communities. It had an impact on their forms of communication, their transfer of knowledge, their relationships to worldly authorities and to the academic world, and also their theology and philosophy. The multifacetedachievements of enlightened monks, which included a strong belief in individual freedom, tolerance, human rights, and non-violence, show that monasticism was on the way to becoming fully integrated into the Enlightenment. Ulrich L. Lehner refutes the widespread assumption that monks were reactionary enemies ofEnlightenment ideas. On the contrary, he demonstrates that many Benedictines implemented the new ideas of the time into their own systems of thought. This revisionist account contributes to a better understanding not only of monastic culture in Central Europe, but also of Catholic religious culture in general.\r\n\r\nReviews:\r\n \r\n\"Lehner is nothing if not a thorough and industrious scholar, and the wealth of information he has amassed alone makes this book a valuable resource. But he is also a fluid writer, with an eye for piquant details and arresting stories, ensuring that the narrative is enlivened along the way by a great number of vivid and sensitive portraits of individuals.\"\r\nDarrin McMahon, The Catholic Historical Review\r\n\r\n\"This book is of the same calibre as Derek Beale's magisterial work about monasticism during the Ancien Régime.\"\r\nRainald Becker, Francia Recensio \r\n\r\n\"No scholar interested in early modern monasticism or Catholicism, the Catholic or German enlightenments, or religion and the Enlightenment can afford to overlook this book ... This book deeply contextualizes intellectual and religious history. One of its great virtues is the way it combines monastic responses to new historical, legal, philosophical, and theological ideas with concrete attention to monastic material culture, social practices and institutional innovations.\"\r\nBrad S. Gregory, Theological Studies\r\n\r\n\"Beautifully written and cogently argued, Lehner’s book makes a thoroughly convincing case for – what those clinging to a Voltairean Enlightenment will hardly believe – enlightened monks.\"\r\nJames Lees, Eighteenth Century Studies\r\n\r\n\"This fascinating book … might stimulate monastic communities today to ask whether they too could learn from the Enlightened Monks.\"\r\nJames Leachmann, Benedictine Culture \r\n\r\n\"This book is highly entertaining.\" \r\nJohannes Reich, Erbe und Auftrag\r\n\r\n\"A stimulating book that will leave no one indifferent!\" \r\nDaniel Misonne, Revue Benedictine \r\n\r\n\"Many of the ideas and reforms of these eighteenth century Benedictines are in many ways strikingly similar to the radical changes in monasticism after the Second Vatican Council. … It is the great merit of this book to have saved these enlightened Benedictines from oblivion and to have unearthed a monastic culture that was characterized by its openness to modernity.\" \r\nKlaus Schatz, Theologie und Philosophie\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\"Engagingly written, deeply researched, and seriously engaged with current research, Lehner’s work demonstrates that the Enlightenment was far more than a secular movement pitted against an obscurantist religious outlook. It was, rather, a multi-faceted trend to reconcile science and reason with matters of faith. Enlightened Monks illustrates how, paradoxically, an institution known most as a relic of the medieval past actually stood on the front lines of this endeavor.\"\r\nfrom the Gilmary Shea Prize Committee\r\n\r\n\"This little summary doesn’t do justice to the book’s range and depth of research. Lehner offers, among other things, an excellent description of mo- nastic prisons, as well as deftly drawn portraits of various savants, rogues, and dreamers in and out of the mon- asteries. Enlightened Monks also pro- vides important context for the later German revival of theology centered in nineteenth-century Tübingen. Despite its somewhat recherché title, this is one the most interesting books I’ve read this year.\" \r\nLawrence S. Cunningham, Commonweal\r\n\r\n\"This very learned and highly original book, based on little-known and often obscure sources, reveals the existence of a remarkable subculture of Enlightened, even revolutionary, monks who had personal as well as literary and philosophical connexions with the non-monastic world.\" \r\nJournal Ecclesiastical History, Derek Beales, Cambridge \r\n\r\nLehner's work marks a significant step in original research. His extensive citation of archival sources offers a new perspective on European religious culture... The book's content appeals to a wide range of scholars and is not reserved for the narrow musings of the specialist. The sociologist and historian will be intrigued as will the philosopher and the theologian.\r\nJournal of Church and State\r\n\r\n\"Far from idle malingerers or enemies of Enlightenment, Lehner recounts how these monks interacted with and contributed to the Enlightenment. Lehner's monks voraciously consumed Enlightenment-era scholarship, supported reforms that would relax monastic duties in favor of a life of knowledge, invoked the language of natural rights to call for freedom of conscience and privacy from their abbots, corresponded with other luminaries, gave public lectures, produced original research on sacred and secular topics, and thus fully participated in the Republic of Letters. As such, Lehner has proffered a convincing argument that the German Benedictines might be counted not only as constituents of the Catholic Aufklärung, but as figures who existed squarely within the Enlightenment itself.\" \r\nReligious Studies Reviews\r\n\r\n\"As a model of contemporary historiography and engaging scholarship, Enlightened Monks is about as good as it gets.\" J. Yegge, catholicbooksreview.org \r\n\r\n\"Die zunaechst als Praemisse begruendete besondere Affinitaet des Benediktinerordens zur Aufklaerung wird ueberzeugend nachgewiesen, katholische Aufklaerung erhaelt ein weiteres Profil.\"\r\nS. Benz, Historische Zeitschrift\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30941867,"asset_id":407670,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":307321,"first_name":"Ulrich","last_name":"Lehner","domain_name":"nd","page_name":"UlrichLLehner","display_name":"Ulrich L . Lehner","profile_url":"https://nd.academia.edu/UlrichLLehner?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/307321/61909/158905480/s65_ulrich_l..lehner.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":6027,"name":"Enlightenment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enlightenment?f_ri=5231"},{"id":10695,"name":"Catholic Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholic_Theology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":21987,"name":"Monasticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monasticism?f_ri=5231"},{"id":39084,"name":"Holy Roman Empire (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holy_Roman_Empire_History_?f_ri=5231"},{"id":41501,"name":"Catholicism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholicism?f_ri=5231"},{"id":53635,"name":"Austrian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austrian_History?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8780241" data-work_id="8780241" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8780241/Elisabeth_Samson_The_Life_of_a_Remarkable_Black_Woman_in_the_Surinamese_Slave_Society">Elisabeth Samson: The Life of a Remarkable Black Woman in the Surinamese Slave Society</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Presentation about slavery in Suriname by the Surinamese author Cynthia McLeod, introduction by Jeroen Dewulf.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8780241" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fb176ce5cb50ef203a1e2ac6f5cd44ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35131518,"asset_id":8780241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35131518/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13340045" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/JeroenDewulf">Jeroen Dewulf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13340045" type="text/json">{"id":13340045,"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Dewulf","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"JeroenDewulf","display_name":"Jeroen Dewulf","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/JeroenDewulf?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13340045/3740861/4382082/s65_jeroen.dewulf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8780241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8780241"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8780241, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8780241", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8780241 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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});</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8780241").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8780241"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="665" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Literature_Literature_">Latin American Literature (Literature)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="665" type="text/json">{"id":665,"name":"Latin American Literature (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Literature_Literature_?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1250" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History">Latin American and Caribbean History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1250" type="text/json">{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8780241]'), work: {"id":8780241,"title":"Elisabeth Samson: The Life of a Remarkable Black Woman in the Surinamese Slave Society","created_at":"2014-10-14T16:03:37.373-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8780241/Elisabeth_Samson_The_Life_of_a_Remarkable_Black_Woman_in_the_Surinamese_Slave_Society?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_8780241","summary":"Presentation about slavery in Suriname by the Surinamese author Cynthia McLeod, introduction by Jeroen Dewulf.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35131518,"asset_id":8780241,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13340045,"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Dewulf","domain_name":"berkeley","page_name":"JeroenDewulf","display_name":"Jeroen Dewulf","profile_url":"https://berkeley.academia.edu/JeroenDewulf?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13340045/3740861/4382082/s65_jeroen.dewulf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":665,"name":"Latin American Literature (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Literature_Literature_?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1250,"name":"Latin American and Caribbean History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5432,"name":"Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavery?f_ri=5231"},{"id":6259,"name":"Caribbean 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Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transatlantic_Slave_Trade?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1186983,"name":"Women In Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Women_In_Slavery?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44553854" data-work_id="44553854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44553854/Shmuel_Feiner_The_Jewish_Eighteenth_Century_A_European_Biography_1700_1750_trans_Jeffrey_M_Green_Bloomington_Indiana_University_Press_2020_">Shmuel Feiner, *The Jewish Eighteenth Century: A European Biography, 1700-1750*, trans. Jeffrey M. Green (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2020)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44553854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ad5e9235832cc1046282c167b06e4b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65005223,"asset_id":44553854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65005223/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15866458" href="https://biu.academia.edu/ShmuelFeiner">Shmuel Feiner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15866458" type="text/json">{"id":15866458,"first_name":"Shmuel","last_name":"Feiner","domain_name":"biu","page_name":"ShmuelFeiner","display_name":"Shmuel Feiner","profile_url":"https://biu.academia.edu/ShmuelFeiner?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15866458/4287188/162702188/s65_shmuel.feiner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44553854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44553854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44553854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44553854", }); 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Jeffrey M. Green (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2020)","created_at":"2020-11-22T09:02:44.267-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44553854/Shmuel_Feiner_The_Jewish_Eighteenth_Century_A_European_Biography_1700_1750_trans_Jeffrey_M_Green_Bloomington_Indiana_University_Press_2020_?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_44553854","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65005223,"asset_id":44553854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15866458,"first_name":"Shmuel","last_name":"Feiner","domain_name":"biu","page_name":"ShmuelFeiner","display_name":"Shmuel Feiner","profile_url":"https://biu.academia.edu/ShmuelFeiner?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15866458/4287188/162702188/s65_shmuel.feiner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":983,"name":"Jewish Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jewish_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century 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href="https://www.academia.edu/44536647/Lambition_encyclop%C3%A9dique_de_la_science_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_lhomme_1788_dAlexandre_C%C3%A9sar_Chavannes">L'ambition encyclopédique de la « science générale de l'homme » (1788) d'Alexandre César Chavannes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44536647" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19541c9bcfc365fa52ab79cd3c7bf279" rel="nofollow" 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$('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44536647]'), work: {"id":44536647,"title":"L'ambition encyclopédique de la « science générale de l'homme » (1788) d'Alexandre César Chavannes","created_at":"2020-11-19T12:43:09.144-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44536647/Lambition_encyclop%C3%A9dique_de_la_science_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_lhomme_1788_dAlexandre_C%C3%A9sar_Chavannes?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_44536647","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64983619,"asset_id":44536647,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2149092,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Grosse","domain_name":"unil","page_name":"ChristianGrosse","display_name":"Christian Grosse","profile_url":"https://unil.academia.edu/ChristianGrosse?f_ri=5231","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual 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u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40714038" data-work_id="40714038" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40714038/The_Hanoverian_Succession_in_Great_Britain_and_its_Empire">The Hanoverian Succession in Great Britain and its Empire</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Was the accession of the Hanoverian dynasty of Brunswick to the throne of Britain and its empire in 1714 merely the final act in the 'Glorious Revolution' of 1688-89? Many contemporaries and later historians thought so, explaining the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40714038" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Was the accession of the Hanoverian dynasty of Brunswick to the throne of Britain and its empire in 1714 merely the final act in the 'Glorious Revolution' of 1688-89? Many contemporaries and later historians thought so, explaining the succession in the same terms as the earlier revolution-deliverance from the national perils of 'popery and arbitrary government'. By contrast, this book argues that the picture is much more complicated than straightforward continuity between 1688-89 and 1714. Emphasizing the plurality of post-Revolutionary developments, it explores early eighteenth-century Britain in light of the social, political, economic, religious and cultural transformations inaugurated by the 'Glorious Revolution' and its ensuing settlements in church, state and empire. The revolution of 1688-89 was much more transformative and convulsive than is often assumed; and the book shows that, although the Hanoverian Succession did embody a clear-cut reaffirmation of the core elements of the Revolution settlement-anti-Jacobitism and anti-popery-its impact on various post-Revolutionary developments in Church, state, Union, intellectual culture, international relations, political economy and empire is decidedly less clear.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40714038" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="912c507f254e5ecd5015b2b637e364d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60999286,"asset_id":40714038,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60999286/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2411696" href="https://ncsu.academia.edu/BrentSirota">Brent Sirota</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2411696" type="text/json">{"id":2411696,"first_name":"Brent","last_name":"Sirota","domain_name":"ncsu","page_name":"BrentSirota","display_name":"Brent Sirota","profile_url":"https://ncsu.academia.edu/BrentSirota?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2411696/1145272/3393278/s65_brent.sirota.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40714038 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40714038"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40714038, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40714038", }); 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Many contemporaries and later historians thought so, explaining the succession in the same terms as the earlier revolution-deliverance from the national perils of 'popery and arbitrary government'. By contrast, this book argues that the picture is much more complicated than straightforward continuity between 1688-89 and 1714. Emphasizing the plurality of post-Revolutionary developments, it explores early eighteenth-century Britain in light of the social, political, economic, religious and cultural transformations inaugurated by the 'Glorious Revolution' and its ensuing settlements in church, state and empire. The revolution of 1688-89 was much more transformative and convulsive than is often assumed; and the book shows that, although the Hanoverian Succession did embody a clear-cut reaffirmation of the core elements of the Revolution settlement-anti-Jacobitism and anti-popery-its impact on various post-Revolutionary developments in Church, state, Union, intellectual culture, international relations, political economy and empire is decidedly less clear.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60999286,"asset_id":40714038,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2411696,"first_name":"Brent","last_name":"Sirota","domain_name":"ncsu","page_name":"BrentSirota","display_name":"Brent Sirota","profile_url":"https://ncsu.academia.edu/BrentSirota?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2411696/1145272/3393278/s65_brent.sirota.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2324,"name":"British 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38515009/The_European_Seaborne_Empires_2019_Press_Release_">The European Seaborne Empires [2019 (Press Release)]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38515009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="744a004f70e9c3cebc245644564129b0" rel="nofollow" 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guerre': a long progression" In 1744, for the first time in France, some pieces of artillery are associated to a unit of light troops from its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16018191" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ABSTRACT in English (résumé en français plus bas): "Artillery and the art of the 'petite guerre': a long progression"<br />In 1744, for the first time in France, some pieces of artillery are associated to a unit of light troops from its inception. Indeed, the regiment of the harquebusiers of Grassin, a mixed body of infantrymen and cavalrymen, received two pieces of the light cannon known as "à la Suédoise" (in the Swedish way). With examples, the article shows on the one hand that narrative sources make it possible to identify a use of cannons in the "petite guerre" – the tactic in which light troops are specialized – from the War of the Austrian Succession in Flanders (1744-1748) onwards. But on the other hand, it is observed that only the theoretical treatises of the "petite guerre" published after the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) seriously consider the use of artillery in this area and encourage it. To clarify this discrepancy, we must return to the tactical and technical developments as well as to the political choices during the 18th century.<br /><br />RESUME en français : <br />« Artillerie et art de la petite guerre : un long cheminement »<br />En 1744, pour la première fois en France, des pièces d’artillerie sont associées à un corps de troupes légères dès sa création. Le régiment des arquebusiers de Grassin, corps mixte de fantassins et de cavaliers, se voit en effet attribuer deux pièces du canon léger dit « à la suédoise ». L’article montre d’une part, exemples à l’appui, que les sources narratives permettent d’identifier un usage du canon à la petite guerre – la tactique de spécialité des troupes légères – dès la guerre de Succession d’Autriche en Flandre (1744-1748). Mais, d’autre part, on observe que seuls les traités théoriques de petite guerre publiés après la guerre de Sept Ans (1756-1763) envisagent sérieusement le recours à l’artillerie dans ce domaine et l’encouragent. Pour éclairer ce décalage, il faut revenir sur les évolutions tactiques et techniques ainsi que sur les choix politiques au long du XVIIIe siècle.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16018191" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c7f2607371dc3e9f8e18bd1630e8b62" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":100762153,"asset_id":16018191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/100762153/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35091867" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SandrinePicaudMonnerat">Sandrine Picaud-Monnerat</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35091867" type="text/json">{"id":35091867,"first_name":"Sandrine","last_name":"Picaud-Monnerat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SandrinePicaudMonnerat","display_name":"Sandrine Picaud-Monnerat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SandrinePicaudMonnerat?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35091867/10218860/11403909/s65_sandrine.picaud-monnerat.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16018191 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16018191"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16018191, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16018191", }); 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Indeed, the regiment of the harquebusiers of Grassin, a mixed body of infantrymen and cavalrymen, received two pieces of the light cannon known as \"à la Suédoise\" (in the Swedish way). With examples, the article shows on the one hand that narrative sources make it possible to identify a use of cannons in the \"petite guerre\" – the tactic in which light troops are specialized – from the War of the Austrian Succession in Flanders (1744-1748) onwards. But on the other hand, it is observed that only the theoretical treatises of the \"petite guerre\" published after the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) seriously consider the use of artillery in this area and encourage it. To clarify this discrepancy, we must return to the tactical and technical developments as well as to the political choices during the 18th century.\n\nRESUME en français : \n« Artillerie et art de la petite guerre : un long cheminement »\nEn 1744, pour la première fois en France, des pièces d’artillerie sont associées à un corps de troupes légères dès sa création. Le régiment des arquebusiers de Grassin, corps mixte de fantassins et de cavaliers, se voit en effet attribuer deux pièces du canon léger dit « à la suédoise ». L’article montre d’une part, exemples à l’appui, que les sources narratives permettent d’identifier un usage du canon à la petite guerre – la tactique de spécialité des troupes légères – dès la guerre de Succession d’Autriche en Flandre (1744-1748). Mais, d’autre part, on observe que seuls les traités théoriques de petite guerre publiés après la guerre de Sept Ans (1756-1763) envisagent sérieusement le recours à l’artillerie dans ce domaine et l’encouragent. Pour éclairer ce décalage, il faut revenir sur les évolutions tactiques et techniques ainsi que sur les choix politiques au long du XVIIIe siècle.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":100762153,"asset_id":16018191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35091867,"first_name":"Sandrine","last_name":"Picaud-Monnerat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SandrinePicaudMonnerat","display_name":"Sandrine Picaud-Monnerat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SandrinePicaudMonnerat?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35091867/10218860/11403909/s65_sandrine.picaud-monnerat.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":133,"name":"Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_French_Studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":19555,"name":"Early Modern France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_France?f_ri=5231"},{"id":19609,"name":"History of Military Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Military_Technology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":23465,"name":"18th-Century France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th-Century_France?f_ri=5231"},{"id":25709,"name":"Ancien Regime France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancien_Regime_France?f_ri=5231"},{"id":25720,"name":"Warfare and Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Warfare_and_Technology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":25909,"name":"French Early Modern","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Early_Modern?f_ri=5231"},{"id":26462,"name":"Early Modern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":27831,"name":"18th 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technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weapons_technology?f_ri=5231"},{"id":392995,"name":"17th and 18th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/17th_and_18th_Century?f_ri=5231"},{"id":542598,"name":"Early Modern History, Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History_Military_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":715849,"name":"Histoire militaire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_militaire?f_ri=5231"},{"id":724025,"name":"Military Strategy and Tactics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Strategy_and_Tactics?f_ri=5231"},{"id":759032,"name":"18th Century European Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_European_Military_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":847665,"name":"Early Modern Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Military_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1130482,"name":"French Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Military_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":1157951,"name":"Eighteenth-century military history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-century_military_history?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9367798" data-work_id="9367798" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9367798/Women_Peasant_Poets_in_Eighteenth_Century_England_Scotland_and_Germany_Milkmaids_on_Parnassus">Women Peasant Poets in Eighteenth-Century England, Scotland and Germany: Milkmaids on Parnassus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is the first comparative study of a highly unlikely group of authors: eighteenth-century women peasants in England, Scotland, and Germany, women who, as a rule, received little or no formal education and lived by manual labor, many... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9367798" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is the first comparative study of a highly unlikely group of authors: eighteenth-century women peasants in England, Scotland, and Germany, women who, as a rule, received little or no formal education and lived by manual labor, many of them in dire poverty. Among them are the English washerwoman Mary Collier, the English domestic servants Elizabeth Hands and Molly Leapor, the German cowherd Anna Louisa Karsch, the Scottish diarywoman Janet Little, the Scottish domestic servant Christian Milne, and the English milkmaid Ann Cromartie Yearsley. Their literature is here linked with one of the major eighteenth-century aesthetic trends in all three countries, the Natural Genius craze, which culminated in highland primitivism in Scotland and England, and in the Sturm und Drang in Germany. Kord's analysis of the peasant women's works and the bourgeois response enables us to find new answers to questions that have centrally influenced our thinking about what makes art Art. Kord's book provides a fresh look at some of this fascinating literature, and at the roles and attitudes of the lower classes and of women in the Art world of the day. It also advances a revolutionary thesis: that the eighteenth-century bourgeoisie established itself as the dominant cultural class not primarily, as is commonly held, in opposition to aristocratic culture, but more importantly through its dissociation from and suppression of lower-class art forms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9367798" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="487064cdb8d39ae810bd1765bab07eed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54404434,"asset_id":9367798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54404434/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18355514" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/SusanneKord">Susanne Kord</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18355514" type="text/json">{"id":18355514,"first_name":"Susanne","last_name":"Kord","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"SusanneKord","display_name":"Susanne Kord","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/SusanneKord?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18355514/5129252/20771926/s65_susanne.kord.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9367798 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9367798"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9367798, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9367798", }); 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Among them are the English washerwoman Mary Collier, the English domestic servants Elizabeth Hands and Molly Leapor, the German cowherd Anna Louisa Karsch, the Scottish diarywoman Janet Little, the Scottish domestic servant Christian Milne, and the English milkmaid Ann Cromartie Yearsley. Their literature is here linked with one of the major eighteenth-century aesthetic trends in all three countries, the Natural Genius craze, which culminated in highland primitivism in Scotland and England, and in the Sturm und Drang in Germany. Kord's analysis of the peasant women's works and the bourgeois response enables us to find new answers to questions that have centrally influenced our thinking about what makes art Art. Kord's book provides a fresh look at some of this fascinating literature, and at the roles and attitudes of the lower classes and of women in the Art world of the day. It also advances a revolutionary thesis: that the eighteenth-century bourgeoisie established itself as the dominant cultural class not primarily, as is commonly held, in opposition to aristocratic culture, but more importantly through its dissociation from and suppression of lower-class art forms. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54404434,"asset_id":9367798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18355514,"first_name":"Susanne","last_name":"Kord","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"SusanneKord","display_name":"Susanne Kord","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/SusanneKord?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18355514/5129252/20771926/s65_susanne.kord.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18,"name":"Scottish Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":384,"name":"German Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Studies?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":662,"name":"German Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":2396,"name":"Eighteenth-Century literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_literature?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3536,"name":"Peasant Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peasant_Studies?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5634,"name":"Scottish History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scottish_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8423233" data-work_id="8423233" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8423233/_Imaginary_Citizens_Child_Readers_and_the_Limits_of_American_Independence_1640_1868_by_Courtney_Weikle_Mills_book_review_">"Imaginary Citizens: Child Readers and the Limits of American Independence, 1640-1868 by Courtney Weikle-Mills (book review)"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Courtney Weikle-Mills’s Imaginary Citizens: Child Readers and the Limits of American Independence, 1640-1868 expands this reductive understanding of the evolution of U.S. citizenship by demonstrating the significance of the child and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8423233" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Courtney Weikle-Mills’s Imaginary Citizens: Child Readers and the Limits of American Independence, 1640-1868 expands this reductive understanding of the evolution of U.S. citizenship by demonstrating the significance of the child and the child reader as a necessary component within democratic theory. Weikle-Mills’s compelling argument analyzes a wide array of early American texts up to and including the Fourteenth Amendment to show how literature enabled children to imagine and understand themselves as citizens, even though they existed in a nation that denied them a direct political voice. “Imaginary citizens,” then, were those individuals who lacked the right to exercise their civil rights but were nonetheless prominent figures within citizenship literature (6). While this lens of childhood was used to explain citizenship’s limits for non-rights-bearing members of society including women, minors, and slaves, Weikle-Mills argues that it moreover informed a powerful body of literature that caused “crises of legitimization” as it helped Americans confront, question, and challenge the rights and limits of what it meant to be “We the People” (25).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8423233" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77ab731e4a7b7799c9a31011b31b47d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":111770068,"asset_id":8423233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111770068/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17073257" href="https://byui.academia.edu/JacquelineHarris">Jacqueline H Harris</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17073257" type="text/json">{"id":17073257,"first_name":"Jacqueline","last_name":"Harris","domain_name":"byui","page_name":"JacquelineHarris","display_name":"Jacqueline H Harris","profile_url":"https://byui.academia.edu/JacquelineHarris?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17073257/4689617/138568067/s65_jacqueline.harris.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8423233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8423233"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8423233, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8423233", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8423233]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8423233").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8423233").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8423233"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature">American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10" type="text/json">{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History">American History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129" type="text/json">{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8423233]'), work: {"id":8423233,"title":"\"Imaginary Citizens: Child Readers and the Limits of American Independence, 1640-1868 by Courtney Weikle-Mills (book review)\"","created_at":"2014-09-21T09:41:10.592-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8423233/_Imaginary_Citizens_Child_Readers_and_the_Limits_of_American_Independence_1640_1868_by_Courtney_Weikle_Mills_book_review_?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_8423233","summary":"Courtney Weikle-Mills’s Imaginary Citizens: Child Readers and the Limits of American Independence, 1640-1868 expands this reductive understanding of the evolution of U.S. citizenship by demonstrating the significance of the child and the child reader as a necessary component within democratic theory. Weikle-Mills’s compelling argument analyzes a wide array of early American texts up to and including the Fourteenth Amendment to show how literature enabled children to imagine and understand themselves as citizens, even though they existed in a nation that denied them a direct political voice. “Imaginary citizens,” then, were those individuals who lacked the right to exercise their civil rights but were nonetheless prominent figures within citizenship literature (6). While this lens of childhood was used to explain citizenship’s limits for non-rights-bearing members of society including women, minors, and slaves, Weikle-Mills argues that it moreover informed a powerful body of literature that caused “crises of legitimization” as it helped Americans confront, question, and challenge the rights and limits of what it meant to be “We the People” (25).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":111770068,"asset_id":8423233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17073257,"first_name":"Jacqueline","last_name":"Harris","domain_name":"byui","page_name":"JacquelineHarris","display_name":"Jacqueline H Harris","profile_url":"https://byui.academia.edu/JacquelineHarris?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17073257/4689617/138568067/s65_jacqueline.harris.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":129,"name":"American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":1231,"name":"Sociology of Children and Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Children_and_Childhood?f_ri=5231"},{"id":2746,"name":"Children's Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Literature?f_ri=5231"},{"id":3889,"name":"Children's Literature \u0026 Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Literature_and_Culture?f_ri=5231"},{"id":4255,"name":"Children's and Young Adult Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_and_Young_Adult_Literature?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":5431,"name":"Seventeenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seventeenth_Century?f_ri=5231"},{"id":8365,"name":"Children's Book History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Book_History?f_ri=5231"},{"id":18130,"name":"John Locke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Locke?f_ri=5231"},{"id":36605,"name":"18th Century American (Literature)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century_American_Literature_?f_ri=5231"},{"id":41608,"name":"Citizenship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizenship?f_ri=5231"},{"id":69501,"name":"Nineteenth-century U.S. cultural history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth-century_U.S._cultural_history?f_ri=5231"},{"id":477789,"name":"Fourteenth Amendment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fourteenth_Amendment?f_ri=5231"},{"id":591356,"name":"Children's Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_Education?f_ri=5231"},{"id":599823,"name":"Children's History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childrens_History?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_443941" data-work_id="443941" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/443941/Post_Soviet_Peter_New_Histories_of_the_Late_Muscovite_and_Early_Imperial_Russian_Court">Post-Soviet Peter: New Histories of the Late Muscovite and Early Imperial Russian Court</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Review of: Evgenii Viktorovich Anisimov, Gosudarstvennye preobrazovaniia i samoderzhavie Petra Velikogo v pervoi chetverti XVIII veka [State Reforms and Peter the Great's Autocracy in the First Quarter of the 18th Century]. 331 pp. St.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_443941" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Review of: <br /> <br />Evgenii Viktorovich Anisimov, Gosudarstvennye preobrazovaniia i samoderzhavie Petra Velikogo v pervoi chetverti XVIII veka [State Reforms and Peter the Great's Autocracy in the First Quarter of the 18th Century]. 331 pp. St. Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 1997. ISBN 5860070632. <br /> <br />Paul Bushkovitch, Peter the Great. xii + 187 pp. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001. ISBN 0847696383. $24.95 (cloth). ISBN 0847696391. $17.95 (paper). <br /> <br />Paul Bushkovitch, Peter the Great: The Struggle for Power, 1671–1725. xii + 485 pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 521805856. $85.00. <br /> <br />Lindsey Hughes, Peter the Great: A Biography. xv + 285 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0300094264. $35 (cloth). ISBN 030010300X. $18.00 (paper). <br /> <br />Lindsey Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great. xxix + 602 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. ISBN 0300075391. $60.00 (cloth). ISBN 0300082665. $23.00 (paper). <br /> <br />Dmitrii Olegovich Serov, Stroiteli imperii: Ocherki gosudarstvennoi i kriminal´noi deiatel´nosti spodvizhnikov Petra I [Builders of Empire: Essays on the Governmental and Criminal Activities of Peter I's Companions]. 262 pp. Novosibirsk: Izdatel´stvo Novosibirskogo universiteta, 1996. <br /> <br /> <br />Republished in a condensed version in Historically Speaking: The Bulletin of the Historical Society, November/December 2005. <br /><a href="http://www.bu.edu/historic/hs/novdec05.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.bu.edu/historic/hs/novdec05.html</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/443941" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="677e0600076bb836fa877b88b15bcfdf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34739575,"asset_id":443941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34739575/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="332941" href="https://duke.academia.edu/ErnestZitser">Ernest Zitser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="332941" type="text/json">{"id":332941,"first_name":"Ernest","last_name":"Zitser","domain_name":"duke","page_name":"ErnestZitser","display_name":"Ernest Zitser","profile_url":"https://duke.academia.edu/ErnestZitser?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/332941/92657/140281537/s65_ernest.zitser.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_443941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="443941"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 443941, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_443941", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=443941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_443941").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_443941").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="443941"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History">Eighteenth Century History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5231" type="text/json">{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History">Russian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15455" type="text/json">{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=443941]'), work: {"id":443941,"title":"Post-Soviet Peter: New Histories of the Late Muscovite and Early Imperial Russian Court","created_at":"2011-02-15T02:01:49.074-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/443941/Post_Soviet_Peter_New_Histories_of_the_Late_Muscovite_and_Early_Imperial_Russian_Court?f_ri=5231","dom_id":"work_443941","summary":"Review of:\r\n\r\nEvgenii Viktorovich Anisimov, Gosudarstvennye preobrazovaniia i samoderzhavie Petra Velikogo v pervoi chetverti XVIII veka [State Reforms and Peter the Great's Autocracy in the First Quarter of the 18th Century]. 331 pp. St. Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 1997. ISBN 5860070632.\r\n\r\nPaul Bushkovitch, Peter the Great. xii + 187 pp. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001. ISBN 0847696383. $24.95 (cloth). ISBN 0847696391. $17.95 (paper).\r\n\r\nPaul Bushkovitch, Peter the Great: The Struggle for Power, 1671–1725. xii + 485 pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 521805856. $85.00.\r\n\r\nLindsey Hughes, Peter the Great: A Biography. xv + 285 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0300094264. $35 (cloth). ISBN 030010300X. $18.00 (paper).\r\n\r\nLindsey Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great. xxix + 602 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. ISBN 0300075391. $60.00 (cloth). ISBN 0300082665. $23.00 (paper).\r\n\r\nDmitrii Olegovich Serov, Stroiteli imperii: Ocherki gosudarstvennoi i kriminal´noi deiatel´nosti spodvizhnikov Petra I [Builders of Empire: Essays on the Governmental and Criminal Activities of Peter I's Companions]. 262 pp. Novosibirsk: Izdatel´stvo Novosibirskogo universiteta, 1996.\r\n\r\n\r\nRepublished in a condensed version in Historically Speaking: The Bulletin of the Historical Society, November/December 2005. \r\nhttp://www.bu.edu/historic/hs/novdec05.html","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34739575,"asset_id":443941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":332941,"first_name":"Ernest","last_name":"Zitser","domain_name":"duke","page_name":"ErnestZitser","display_name":"Ernest Zitser","profile_url":"https://duke.academia.edu/ErnestZitser?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/332941/92657/140281537/s65_ernest.zitser.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":15455,"name":"Russian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40407624" data-work_id="40407624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40407624/M%C3%A9moire_de_Master_2_Latelier_de_Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher">Mémoire de Master 2 - L'atelier de François Boucher</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40407624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66d74d0fe0a8710ddc93219474234a03" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60661307,"asset_id":40407624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60661307/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43311832" href="https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/FreyermuthR%C3%A9mi">Rémi Freyermuth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43311832" type="text/json">{"id":43311832,"first_name":"Rémi","last_name":"Freyermuth","domain_name":"paris-sorbonne","page_name":"FreyermuthRémi","display_name":"Rémi Freyermuth","profile_url":"https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/FreyermuthR%C3%A9mi?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43311832/11589459/119443849/s65_r_mi.freyermuth.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40407624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40407624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40407624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40407624", }); 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Russia and the struggle for participation in the Baltic Navigation during the eighteenth century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62308351" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac91f7d191a4f82f5b86c06c13a80be0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75153592,"asset_id":62308351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75153592/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="141935245" href="https://greifswald.academia.edu/TilmanPlath">Tilman Plath</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="141935245" type="text/json">{"id":141935245,"first_name":"Tilman","last_name":"Plath","domain_name":"greifswald","page_name":"TilmanPlath","display_name":"Tilman Plath","profile_url":"https://greifswald.academia.edu/TilmanPlath?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/141935245/38498814/155589230/s65_tilman.plath.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62308351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62308351"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62308351, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62308351", }); 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It was also a contentious term, signifying excess, oddness and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42890658" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fancy in the eighteenth century was part of a rich semantic network, connecting wit, whimsicality, erotic desire, spontaneity, deviation from norms and triviality. It was also a contentious term, signifying excess, oddness and irrationality, liable to offend taste, reason and morals. This chapter on fancy in drawing manuals is part of the Voltaire Foundation - Liverpool University Press - Oxford University Studies in The Enlightenment book Fancy in Eighteenth-Century European Visual Culture edited by Melissa Percival and Muriel Adrien</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42890658" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="caa4219abd5dcea9634eb294ebb60298" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63136724,"asset_id":42890658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63136724/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="176554" href="https://univ-paris3.academia.edu/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicteMiyamotoPavot">Bénédicte Miyamoto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="176554" type="text/json">{"id":176554,"first_name":"Bénédicte","last_name":"Miyamoto","domain_name":"univ-paris3","page_name":"BénédicteMiyamotoPavot","display_name":"Bénédicte Miyamoto","profile_url":"https://univ-paris3.academia.edu/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicteMiyamotoPavot?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/176554/779574/14052223/s65_b_n_dicte.miyamoto-pavot.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42890658 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42890658"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42890658, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42890658", }); 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45292362,"asset_id":24141777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33047693,"first_name":"Page","last_name":"Anthony","domain_name":"utas","page_name":"PageAnthony","display_name":"Page Anthony","profile_url":"https://utas.academia.edu/PageAnthony?f_ri=5231","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33047693/9910288/20555235/s65_page.anthony.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5231,"name":"Eighteenth Century History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth_Century_History?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":7721,"name":"Eighteenth-Century British History and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eighteenth-Century_British_History_and_Culture?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":15573,"name":"American Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolution?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":87816,"name":"American Revolutionary War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Revolutionary_War?f_ri=5231","nofollow":true},{"id":90635,"name":"American War of Independence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_War_of_Independence?f_ri=5231"},{"id":493557,"name":"American History Revolutionary War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_History_Revolutionary_War?f_ri=5231"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12281581" data-work_id="12281581" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12281581/Foundations_of_Black_Identity_Eighteenth_Century_Colorism">Foundations of Black Identity: Eighteenth Century Colorism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the eighteenth century, the African American community began a process of forming an identity using experiences of shared oppression and physical appearance. Communal bonds were incomplete and often fragile due to the variance of skin... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12281581" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the eighteenth century, the African American community began a process of forming an identity using experiences of shared oppression and physical appearance.  Communal bonds were incomplete and often fragile due to the variance of skin color that shaped black interactions with the larger world and in turn with one another.<br />The historical lens reveals the formation of individual identity as a process that interacts with common political and economic goals among people who shared cultural and/or ancestral ties.  In the eighteenth century, the African American community formed a cohesive and physical appearance.  However, these communal bonds were incomplete and often fragile.  The focus on the commonality of ethnic Africans facing the rigidity of the binary black/white identity obscures the conflict within ethnic African communities that resulted from a divergence of political and economic possibilities.  Although ethnic Africans shared space and identity they were arrayed in a variety of skin colors.  Skin color acted in a larger society, as well as within African American communities, to divide peoples.  I argue that within eighteenth-century ethnic African communities there were multiple identities based on skin color that shaped how individuals viewed and interacted with each other and the larger world.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12281581" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24c993b54ee30619eb4147bd33fd1d56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37571665,"asset_id":12281581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37571665/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ4ODg0NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23352538" href="https://udenver.academia.edu/KimberlyJones">Kimberly V . Jones</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23352538" type="text/json">{"id":23352538,"first_name":"Kimberly","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"KimberlyJones","display_name":"Kimberly V . 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Communal bonds were incomplete and often fragile due to the variance of skin color that shaped black interactions with the larger world and in turn with one another.\nThe historical lens reveals the formation of individual identity as a process that interacts with common political and economic goals among people who shared cultural and/or ancestral ties. In the eighteenth century, the African American community formed a cohesive and physical appearance. However, these communal bonds were incomplete and often fragile. The focus on the commonality of ethnic Africans facing the rigidity of the binary black/white identity obscures the conflict within ethnic African communities that resulted from a divergence of political and economic possibilities. Although ethnic Africans shared space and identity they were arrayed in a variety of skin colors. Skin color acted in a larger society, as well as within African American communities, to divide peoples. I argue that within eighteenth-century ethnic African communities there were multiple identities based on skin color that shaped how individuals viewed and interacted with each other and the larger world.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37571665,"asset_id":12281581,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23352538,"first_name":"Kimberly","last_name":"Jones","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"KimberlyJones","display_name":"Kimberly V . 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