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href="https://www.academia.edu/297901/The_growth_of_structural_and_functional_complexity_during_evolution">The growth of structural and functional complexity during evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="233596" href="https://vub.academia.edu/FrancisHeylighen">Francis Heylighen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The evolution of complexity: The violet book of “Einstein …</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The growth of structural and functional complexity during evolution","attachmentId":3243832,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/297901/The_growth_of_structural_and_functional_complexity_during_evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/297901/The_growth_of_structural_and_functional_complexity_during_evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="279004" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/279004/Evolution_of_Complexity">Evolution of Complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="151252" href="https://unam.academia.edu/CarlosGershenson">Carlos Gershenson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Artificial Life, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution of Complexity","attachmentId":1256096,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/279004/Evolution_of_Complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/279004/Evolution_of_Complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="8488872" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8488872/A_Note_on_Why_Natural_Selection_Leads_to_Complexity">A Note on Why Natural Selection Leads to Complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="178803" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/BillBenzon">Bill Benzon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs"> Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 1990</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">While science has accepted biological evolution through natural selection, there is no generally agreed explanation for why evolution leads to ever more complex organisms. Evolution yields organismic complexity because the universe is, in its very fabric, inherently complex, as suggested by Ilya Prigogine's work on dissipative structures. Because the universe is complex, increments in organismic complexity yield survival benefits: (1) more efficient extraction of energy and matter, (2) more flexible response to vicissitudes, (3) more effective search. J.J. Gibson's ecological psychology provides a clue to the advantages of sophisticated information processing while the lore of computational theory suggests that a complex computer is needed efficiently to perform complex computations (i.e. sophisticated information processing).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Note on Why Natural Selection Leads to Complexity","attachmentId":34870587,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8488872/A_Note_on_Why_Natural_Selection_Leads_to_Complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8488872/A_Note_on_Why_Natural_Selection_Leads_to_Complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="43516356" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43516356/THE_CONCEPT_OF_COMPLEXITY_IN_EVOLUTIVE_BIOLOGY_A_SYNTHETIC_REVIEW">THE CONCEPT OF COMPLEXITY IN EVOLUTIVE BIOLOGY: A SYNTHETIC REVIEW.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58677792" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidESPESSET">David ESPESSET</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The complexity of living organisms is still debated within the scientific community, especially to define it formally. There seems to be a world of difference between on the one hand defenders of a significant complexity in the Universe as a whole, more specifically biological complexity, and on the other hand advocates of the worthlessness of such topics. Moreover, in spite of remaining doubts, particularly about the little conclusive evidence available, a growing consensus suggests that biological complexity is increasing. A number of scientific authors having addressed the issue for may years, I propose in this article a review of their various ideas, including the origin and the consequences of biological complexity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE CONCEPT OF COMPLEXITY IN EVOLUTIVE BIOLOGY: A SYNTHETIC REVIEW.","attachmentId":63827144,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43516356/THE_CONCEPT_OF_COMPLEXITY_IN_EVOLUTIVE_BIOLOGY_A_SYNTHETIC_REVIEW","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43516356/THE_CONCEPT_OF_COMPLEXITY_IN_EVOLUTIVE_BIOLOGY_A_SYNTHETIC_REVIEW"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="80697863" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80697863/How_evolution_guides_complexity">How evolution guides complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="212979" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/LarryYaeger">Larry Yaeger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">HFSP journal, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Long-standing debates about the role of natural selection in the growth of biological complexity over geological time scales are difficult to resolve from the paleobiological record. Using an evolutionary model-a computational ecosystem subjected to natural selection-we investigate evolutionary trends in an information-theoretic measure of the complexity of the neural dynamics of artificial agents inhabiting the model. Our results suggest that evolution always guides complexity change, just not in a single direction. We also demonstrate that neural complexity correlates well with behavioral adaptation but only when complexity increases are achieved through natural selection (as opposed to increases generated randomly or optimized via a genetic algorithm). We conclude with a suggested research direction that might be able to use the artificial neural data generated in these experiments to determine which aspects of network structure give rise to evolutionarily meaningful neural compl...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How evolution guides complexity","attachmentId":86994446,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80697863/How_evolution_guides_complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80697863/How_evolution_guides_complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="58999228" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58999228/Complexity_Natural_Selection_and_the_Evolution_of_Life_and_Humans">Complexity, Natural Selection and the Evolution of Life and Humans</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="104673049" href="https://independent.academia.edu/B%C3%B6rjeEkstig">Börje Ekstig</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Foundations of Science, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Complexity, Natural Selection and the Evolution of Life and Humans","attachmentId":73139403,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58999228/Complexity_Natural_Selection_and_the_Evolution_of_Life_and_Humans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58999228/Complexity_Natural_Selection_and_the_Evolution_of_Life_and_Humans"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="256943" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/256943/Passive_and_Driven_Trends_In_the_Evolution_of_Complexity">Passive and Driven Trends In the Evolution of Complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="212979" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/LarryYaeger">Larry Yaeger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Artificial Life XI: Proceedings of the Tenth …, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Passive and Driven Trends In the Evolution of Complexity","attachmentId":3433807,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/256943/Passive_and_Driven_Trends_In_the_Evolution_of_Complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/256943/Passive_and_Driven_Trends_In_the_Evolution_of_Complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="37319936" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37319936/Natural_Selection_and_Complexity">Natural Selection and Complexity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11929836" href="https://uned.academia.edu/GiorgioAiroldi">Giorgio Airoldi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The alleged Darwinian fundamental tenet that Natural Selection explains the complexity of life is controversial. While adaptationist narratives aims at formalizing it based on the hypothesis that phenotypic traits result from fitness optimization , mechanisms alternative to Natural Selection have been proposed to explain the tendency of organisms towards increasing complex designs. The thesis of this paper is that, in order to clarify to which extent Natural Selection or other forces are the relevant explicans, it is necessary to recognize that there is a wide range of radically different evolutionary facts, to which no univocal definition of complexity increase is applicable. To classify them, we introduce a bi-dimensional space by adding robustness to fitness as the second dimension to measure design and design changes. In this space, it is possible to distinguish the impact of selective and non-selective mechanisms behind each class of evolutionary fact, and the correspondent different classes of complexity increase.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Natural Selection and Complexity","attachmentId":57276875,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37319936/Natural_Selection_and_Complexity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37319936/Natural_Selection_and_Complexity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="297923" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/297923/Evolutionary_Transitions_how_do_levels_of_complexity_emerge">Evolutionary Transitions: how do levels of complexity emerge?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="233596" href="https://vub.academia.edu/FrancisHeylighen">Francis Heylighen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">COMPLEXITY-NEW YORK-, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolutionary Transitions: how do levels of complexity emerge?","attachmentId":3243850,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/297923/Evolutionary_Transitions_how_do_levels_of_complexity_emerge","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/297923/Evolutionary_Transitions_how_do_levels_of_complexity_emerge"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="102360445" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102360445/The_Rise_of_Complexity_in_Nature">The Rise of Complexity in Nature</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="253729999" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EricChaisson">Eric Chaisson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Symposium - International Astronomical Union, 2004</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Cosmic evolution-change, broadly construed-has become a powerful unifying factor in all of science, underlying the rise of complexity throughout Nature writ large. That complexity can be defined and quantified for a whole hierarchy of ordered structures by examining the rate at which normalized energy flows through open, non-equilibrium, thermodynamic systems, from quark to quasar, microbe to mind.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Rise of Complexity in Nature","attachmentId":102651729,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102360445/The_Rise_of_Complexity_in_Nature","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102360445/The_Rise_of_Complexity_in_Nature"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":79722248,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":79722248,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_79722248" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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