CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>German occupation of Norway - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"10ff460e-6565-4d4f-aa4f-d2beb9047cb9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"German_occupation_of_Norway","wgTitle":"German occupation of Norway","wgCurRevisionId":1253984544,"wgRevisionId":1253984544,"wgArticleId":1603383,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2024","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from August 2009","All articles needing additional references","Articles needing translation from Norwegian Wikipedia", "Articles with multiple maintenance issues","Use dmy dates from May 2018","Articles containing German-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","German occupation of Norway"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"German_occupation_of_Norway","wgRelevantArticleId":1603383,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search": true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q819274","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A%2C_Norwegen%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1857"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A%2C_Norwegen%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1238"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="990"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="German occupation of Norway - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-German_occupation_of_Norway rootpage-German_occupation_of_Norway skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=German+occupation+of+Norway" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=German+occupation+of+Norway" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=German+occupation+of+Norway" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=German+occupation+of+Norway" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Background subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-war_relations_with_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-war_relations_with_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-war relations with Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-war_relations_with_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>German invasion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Occupation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Occupation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Occupation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-German_political_and_military_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_political_and_military_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>German political and military powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_political_and_military_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Economic consequences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holocaust_and_deportation_of_Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holocaust_and_deportation_of_Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Holocaust and deportation of Jews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holocaust_and_deportation_of_Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acceptance_and_collaboration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acceptance_and_collaboration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Acceptance and collaboration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acceptance_and_collaboration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resistance_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resistance_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Resistance movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resistance_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exiled_Norwegian_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exiled_Norwegian_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Exiled Norwegian forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exiled_Norwegian_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.1</span> <span>Navy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.2</span> <span>Air Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6.3</span> <span>Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allied_raids_in_Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_raids_in_Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Allied raids in Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_raids_in_Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Liberation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Liberation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Liberation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Liberation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lapland_War,_Soviet_advance,_and_retreat_of_the_German_army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lapland_War,_Soviet_advance,_and_retreat_of_the_German_army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Lapland War, Soviet advance, and retreat of the German army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lapland_War,_Soviet_advance,_and_retreat_of_the_German_army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exiled_Norwegian_troops_liberate_Finnmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exiled_Norwegian_troops_liberate_Finnmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Exiled Norwegian troops liberate Finnmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exiled_Norwegian_troops_liberate_Finnmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_German_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_German_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>End of German occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_German_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lebensborn_and_war_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebensborn_and_war_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Lebensborn and war children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebensborn_and_war_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Refugees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treason_trials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treason_trials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Treason trials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treason_trials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_prisoners_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_prisoners_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>German prisoners of war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_prisoners_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_of_the_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_of_the_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Legacy of the occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_of_the_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_and_cultural_transformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_cultural_transformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Social and cultural transformation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_and_cultural_transformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_Luftwaffe_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_Luftwaffe_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Surviving Luftwaffe aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_Luftwaffe_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">German occupation of Norway</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="الاحتلال الألماني للنرويج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاحتلال الألماني للنرويج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B2_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Норвегия във Втората световна война – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Норвегия във Втората световна война" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norge_under_2._verdenskrig" title="Norge under 2. verdenskrig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Norge under 2. verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegen_unter_deutscher_Besatzung" title="Norwegen unter deutscher Besatzung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Norwegen unter deutscher Besatzung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocupaci%C3%B3n_de_Noruega_por_la_Alemania_nazi" title="Ocupación de Noruega por la Alemania nazi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ocupación de Noruega por la Alemania nazi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazia_okupacio_de_Norvegio" title="Nazia okupacio de Norvegio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nazia okupacio de Norvegio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اشغال نروژ توسط آلمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشغال نروژ توسط آلمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_de_la_Norv%C3%A8ge_par_le_Troisi%C3%A8me_Reich" title="Occupation de la Norvège par le Troisième Reich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Occupation de la Norvège par le Troisième Reich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Նորվեգիան Երկրորդ համաշխարհային պատերազմում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նորվեգիան Երկրորդ համաշխարհային պատերազմում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Norwegia_oleh_Jerman_Nazi" title="Pendudukan Norwegia oleh Jerman Nazi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pendudukan Norwegia oleh Jerman Nazi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="נורווגיה במלחמת העולם השנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נורווגיה במלחמת העולם השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendudukan_Jerman_ke_atas_Norway" title="Pendudukan Jerman ke atas Norway – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pendudukan Jerman ke atas Norway" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norge_under_andre_verdenskrig" title="Norge under andre verdenskrig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Norge under andre verdenskrig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noreg_under_andre_verdskrigen" title="Noreg under andre verdskrigen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Noreg under andre verdskrigen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_alem%C3%A3_da_Noruega" title="Ocupação alemã da Noruega – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ocupação alemã da Noruega" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Норвегия во Второй мировой войне – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Норвегия во Второй мировой войне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushtimi_gjerman_i_Norvegjis%C3%AB" title="Pushtimi gjerman i Norvegjisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pushtimi gjerman i Norvegjisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C5%A1ka_okupacija_Norve%C5%A1ke" title="Nemška okupacija Norveške – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemška okupacija Norveške" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norge_under_andra_v%C3%A4rldskriget" title="Norge under andra världskriget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norge under andra världskriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%97_(1940-1945)" title="Німецька окупація Норвегії (1940-1945) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німецька окупація Норвегії (1940-1945)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%A0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="德占挪威时期 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德占挪威时期" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q819274#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:German_occupation_of_Norway" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/German_occupation_of_Norway" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&oldid=1253984544" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=German_occupation_of_Norway&id=1253984544&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGerman_occupation_of_Norway"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGerman_occupation_of_Norway"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Occupation_of_Norway_by_Nazi_Germany" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q819274" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of World War II</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/German occupation of Norway">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:German_occupation_of_Norway" title="Talk:German occupation of Norway">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/German occupation of Norway">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22German+occupation+of+Norway%22">"German occupation of Norway"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22German+occupation+of+Norway%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22German+occupation+of+Norway%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22German+occupation+of+Norway%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22German+occupation+of+Norway%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22German+occupation+of+Norway%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norge_under_andre_verdenskrig" class="extiw" title="no:Norge under andre verdenskrig">the corresponding article</a> in Norwegian</b>.  <i><small>(September 2017)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNorge_under_andre_verdenskrig&sl=no&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Norwegian article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Norwegian Wikipedia article at [[:no:Norge under andre verdenskrig]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|no|Norge under andre verdenskrig}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:German_occupation_of_Norway" title="Talk:German occupation of Norway">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A,_Norwegen,_Oslo,_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A%2C_Norwegen%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A%2C_Norwegen%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A%2C_Norwegen%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A%2C_Norwegen%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A%2C_Norwegen%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A%2C_Norwegen%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>German officers in front of the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Oslo)" title="National Theatre (Oslo)">National Theatre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, 1940</figcaption></figure> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_occupation_of_Norway" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_German_occupation_of_Norway" title="Template:Campaignbox German occupation of Norway"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_German_occupation_of_Norway" title="Template talk:Campaignbox German occupation of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_German_occupation_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox German occupation of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_occupation_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">German occupation of Norway</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung"><i>Weserübung</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Archery" title="Operation Archery"><i>Archery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_heavy_water_sabotage" title="Norwegian heavy water sabotage">Norwegian heavy water sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telav%C3%A5g" title="Telavåg">Telavåg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Finnmark" title="Liberation of Finnmark">Finnmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nordic_states,_1939–1945" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Scandinavia_in_World_War_II" title="Template:Campaignbox Scandinavia in World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Scandinavia_in_World_War_II" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Scandinavia in World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Scandinavia_in_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Scandinavia in World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nordic_states,_1939–1945" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations_in_the_Nordic_countries_during_World_War_II" title="List of military operations in the Nordic countries during World War II"><span class="wrap">Nordic states, 1939–1945</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung"><i>Weserübung</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_occupation_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="British occupation of the Faroe Islands"><i>Valentine</i> (Faroe Islands)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Safari" title="Operation Safari"><i>Safari</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Isefjord" title="Battle of Isefjord">Isefjord</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_at_Bornholm" title="Landing at Bornholm">Bornholm</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox"><i>Silver Fox</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Orator" title="Operation Orator"><i>Orator</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tanne_Ost" title="Operation Tanne Ost"><i>Tanne Ost</i></a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_World_War_II" title="Iceland in World War II">Iceland</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_invasion_of_Iceland#Operation_Fork" class="mw-redirect" title="British invasion of Iceland"><i>Fork</i></a></li></ul> <p><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norway</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altmark_incident" title="Altmark incident"><i>Altmark</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung"><i>Weserübung</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alphabet" title="Operation Alphabet"><i>Alphabet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_heavy_water_sabotage" title="Norwegian heavy water sabotage">Heavy water sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claymore" title="Operation Claymore"><i>Claymore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_EF_(1941)" title="Operation EF (1941)">Kirkenes and Petsamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gauntlet" title="Operation Gauntlet"><i>Gauntlet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fritham" title="Operation Fritham"><i>Fritham</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gearbox" title="Operation Gearbox"><i>Gearbox</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gearbox_II" title="Operation Gearbox II"><i>Gearbox II</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leader" title="Operation Leader"><i>Leader</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Zitronella" title="Operation Zitronella"><i>Zitronella</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Tirpitz#British_attacks_on_Tirpitz" title="German battleship Tirpitz">Attacks on <i>Tirpitz</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petsamo%E2%80%93Kirkenes_offensive" title="Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive">Petsamo–Kirkenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Finnmark" title="Liberation of Finnmark">Finnmark</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The occupation of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> began on 9 April 1940 after <a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Operation Weserübung</a>. Conventional armed resistance to the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Campaign">German invasion</a> ended on 10 June 1940, and Nazi Germany controlled Norway until the <a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">capitulation of German forces in Europe on 8 May 1945</a>. Throughout this period, a pro-German government named <i><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Den nasjonale regjering</a></i> ('the National Government') ruled Norway, while the Norwegian king <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII" title="Haakon VII">Haakon VII</a> and the prewar <a href="/wiki/Nygaardsvold%27s_Cabinet" title="Nygaardsvold's Cabinet">government</a> escaped to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, where they formed a <a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government in exile">government in exile</a>. Civil rule was effectively assumed by the <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Reichskommissariat Norwegen</a> (Reich Commissariat of Norway), which acted in collaboration with the pro-German puppet government. This period of <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military occupation</a> is, in Norway, referred to as the "war years", "occupation period" or simply "the war". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having maintained its neutrality during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> (1914–1918), Norwegian foreign and military policy since 1933 was largely influenced by three factors: </p> <ul><li>Fiscal <a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">austerity</a> promoted by fiscally conservative parties;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a> promoted by the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Labour Party">Norwegian Labour Party</a>;</li> <li>A doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Neutrality_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrality (international relations)">neutrality</a>, on the assumption that there would be no need to bring Norway into a war if it remained neutral.</li></ul> <p>These three factors met resistance as tensions grew in Europe in the 1930s, initially from Norwegian military staff and right-wing political groups, but increasingly also from individuals within the mainstream political establishment and, it has since come to light, by the monarch, King Haakon VII, behind the scenes. By the late 1930s, the Norwegian parliament (the <a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Storting</a>) had accepted the need for a strengthened military and expanded the budget accordingly, even by assuming national debt. As it turned out, most of the plans enabled by the budgetary expansion were not completed in time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-war_relations_with_Britain">Pre-war relations with Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-war relations with Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although neutrality remained the highest priority, it was known throughout the government that Norway, above all, did not want to be at war with Britain. On 28 April 1939, Nazi Germany offered Norway and several other <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> countries non-aggression pacts. To maintain its neutrality, Norway turned down the German offer, as did <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>. By the autumn of 1939 there was an increasing sense of urgency because of its long western coastline facing access routes into the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>, as Norway had to prepare, not only to protect its neutrality, but indeed to fight for its freedom and independence. Efforts to improve military readiness and capability and to sustain an extended blockade were intensified between September 1939 and April 1940. Several incidents in Norwegian maritime waters, notably the <a href="/wiki/Altmark_incident" title="Altmark incident">Altmark incident</a> in <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8ssingfjord" title="Jøssingfjord">Jøssingfjord</a>, put great strains on Norway's ability to assert its neutrality. Norway managed to negotiate favorable trade treaties both with the United Kingdom and Germany under these conditions, but it became increasingly clear that both countries had a strategic interest in denying the other warring power access to Norway and its coastline. </p><p>The government was also increasingly pressured by Britain to direct ever larger parts of its massive <a href="/wiki/Nortraship" title="Nortraship">merchant fleet</a> to transport British goods at low rates as well as to join the trade blockade against Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March and April 1940, on the pretext of German aggression, <a href="/wiki/Plan_R_4" title="Plan R 4">British plans for an invasion of Norway</a> were prepared, mainly in order to reach and destroy the Swedish iron ore mines in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A4llivare" title="Gällivare">Gällivare</a>. It was hoped that this would divert German forces away from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and open a war front in south <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British plan was to place <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mines</a> in Norwegian waters (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Wilfred" title="Operation Wilfred">Operation Wilfred</a>) and that the mining should be followed by the landing of troops at four Norwegian ports: <a href="/wiki/Narvik_(town)" title="Narvik (town)">Narvik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trondheim_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trondheim (city)">Trondheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bergen_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen (city)">Bergen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stavanger_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavanger (city)">Stavanger</a>. It was hoped that the mining would trigger German agitation, thereby necessitating an immediate response from the Allies. However, because of Anglo-French arguments, the date of the mining was postponed from 5 April to 8 April. The postponement was catastrophic. On 1 April, German führer <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> had ordered the German invasion of Norway to begin on 9 April; on 8 April, while the Norwegian government was preoccupied with earnest protest about the British mine-laying, the German expeditions were already mobilizing.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="German_invasion">German invasion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: German invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Operation Weserübung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Campaign">Norwegian Campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26353,_Norwegen,_Kampf_um_ein_brennendes_Dorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26353%2C_Norwegen%2C_Kampf_um_ein_brennendes_Dorf.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26353%2C_Norwegen%2C_Kampf_um_ein_brennendes_Dorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26353%2C_Norwegen%2C_Kampf_um_ein_brennendes_Dorf.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26353%2C_Norwegen%2C_Kampf_um_ein_brennendes_Dorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26353%2C_Norwegen%2C_Kampf_um_ein_brennendes_Dorf.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H26353%2C_Norwegen%2C_Kampf_um_ein_brennendes_Dorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption>German infantry attacking through a burning Norwegian village, April 1940</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kongebjorka.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kongebjorka.jpeg/220px-Kongebjorka.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kongebjorka.jpeg/330px-Kongebjorka.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kongebjorka.jpeg/440px-Kongebjorka.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VII of Norway">Haakon</a> and crown prince <a href="/wiki/Olav_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav V of Norway">Olav</a> seeking refuge as the German <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> bombs in <a href="/wiki/Molde_(town)" title="Molde (town)">Molde</a>, April 1940</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-0762-281-30,_Oslo,_deutsche_Kfz_und_Panzer_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-0762-281-30%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Kfz_und_Panzer_I.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-0762-281-30%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Kfz_und_Panzer_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-0762-281-30%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Kfz_und_Panzer_I.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-0762-281-30%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Kfz_und_Panzer_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-0762-281-30%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Kfz_und_Panzer_I.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-0762-281-30%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Kfz_und_Panzer_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>German troops enter Oslo, May 1940. In the background is the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Terrasse" title="Victoria Terrasse">Victoria Terrasse</a>, which later became the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> mined the Norwegian coast to disrupt iron shipments, Germany invaded Norway for several reasons: </p> <ul><li>strategically, to secure ice-free harbors from which its naval forces could seek to control the North Atlantic;</li> <li>to secure the availability of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_iron_ore_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish iron ore during World War II">iron ore from mines in Sweden</a>;</li> <li>to pre-empt a British and French invasion with the same purpose; and</li> <li>to reinforce the propaganda of a "Germanic empire".</li></ul> <p>Through neglect both on the part of the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Norway)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Norway)">Norwegian foreign minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Halvdan_Koht" title="Halvdan Koht">Halvdan Koht</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Norway)" title="Minister of Defence (Norway)">Minister of Defence</a> <a href="/wiki/Birger_Ljungberg" title="Birger Ljungberg">Birger Ljungberg</a>, Norway was largely unprepared for the German military invasion when it came on the night of 8–9 April 1940. A major storm on 7 April resulted in the British Navy failing to make material contact with the German invasion fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 55">: 55 </span></sup> Consistent with <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a> warfare, German forces attacked Norway by sea and air as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Operation Weserübung</a> was put into action. The first wave of German attackers counted only about 10,000 men. German ships came into the <a href="/wiki/Oslofjord" title="Oslofjord">Oslofjord</a>, but were stopped when the <a href="/wiki/Krupp" title="Krupp">Krupp</a>-built artillery and <a href="/wiki/Torpedoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Torpedoes">torpedoes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drobak_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Drobak Sound">Oscarsborg Fortress</a> sank the German flagship <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="German cruiser Blücher"><i>Blücher</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 65">: 65 </span></sup> and sank or damaged the other ships in the German task force. <i>Blücher</i> transported the forces that would ensure control of the political apparatus in Norway, and the sinking and death of over 1,000 soldiers and crew delayed the Germans, so that the King and government had the chance to escape from <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>. In the other cities that were attacked, the Germans faced only weak or no resistance. The surprise and the lack of preparedness of Norway for a large-scale invasion of this kind gave the German forces their initial success.<sup id="cite_ref-Prete145_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prete145-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major Norwegian ports from Oslo northward to <a href="/wiki/Narvik_(town)" title="Narvik (town)">Narvik</a> (more than 1,200 mi (1,900 km) away from Germany's naval bases) were occupied by advance detachments of German troops, transported on destroyers.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58">: 58 </span></sup> At the same time, a single parachute battalion took the Oslo and <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a> airfields, and 800 operational aircraft overwhelmed the Norwegian population. Norwegian resistance at Narvik, <a href="/wiki/Trondheim_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trondheim (city)">Trondheim</a> (Norway's second city and the strategic key to Norway),<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 60">: 60 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bergen_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen (city)">Bergen</a>, Stavanger, and <a href="/wiki/Kristiansand_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiansand (town)">Kristiansand</a> was overcome very quickly, and Oslo's effective resistance to the seaborne forces was nullified when German troops from the airfield entered the city. The first troops to occupy Oslo entered the city brazenly, marching behind a German military brass band.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just 1,500 paratroopers were involved in taking over the Norwegian capital.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On establishing footholds in Oslo and Trondheim, the Germans launched a ground offensive against scattered resistance inland in Norway. <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> forces attempted several counterattacks, but all failed. While resistance in Norway had little military success, it had the significant political effect of allowing the Norwegian government, including the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">royal family</a>, to escape. The <i>Blücher</i>, which carried the main forces to occupy the capital, was sunk in the Oslofjord on the first day of the invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-Prete145_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prete145-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midtskogen" title="Battle of Midtskogen">improvised defence at Midtskogen</a> also prevented a German raid from capturing the king and government. </p><p>Norwegian mobilisation was hampered by the loss of much of the best equipment to the Germans in the first 24 hours of the invasion, the unclear mobilisation order by the government, and the general confusion caused by the tremendous psychological shock of the German surprise attack. The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Army" title="Norwegian Army">Norwegian Army</a> rallied after the initial confusion and on several occasions managed to put up a stiff fight, delaying the German advance. However, the Germans, quickly reinforced by <a href="/wiki/Panzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Panzer">Panzer</a> and motorised machine gun battalions,<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 80">: 80 </span></sup> proved unstoppable due to their superior numbers, training, and equipment. The Norwegian Army therefore planned its campaign as a tactical retreat while awaiting reinforcements from Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Prete145_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prete145-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Navy">British Navy</a> cleared the way to Narvik on 13 April, <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Narvik#Second_naval_Battle_of_Narvik" title="Battles of Narvik">sinking one submarine and eight destroyers</a> in the fjord.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 90">: 90 </span></sup> British and French troops began to land at Narvik on 14 April. Shortly afterward, British troops landed at <a href="/wiki/Namsos_(town)" title="Namsos (town)">Namsos</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ndalsnes" title="Åndalsnes">Åndalsnes</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Namsos_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Namsos Campaign">attack Trondheim from the north and from the south</a>, respectively. The Germans, however, landed fresh troops in the rear of the British at Namsos and advanced up the <a href="/wiki/Gudbrandsdal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudbrandsdal">Gudbrandsdal</a> from Oslo against the force at Åndalsnes. By this time, the Germans had about 25,000 men in Norway. </p><p>By 23 April, there was open discussion about evacuating Allied troops, and on 24 April Norwegian troops, supported by French soldiers, failed to stop a Panzer advance. On 26 April the British decided to evacuate Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 88">: 88 </span></sup> </p><p>By 2 May, both Namsos and Åndalsnes were evacuated by the British. On 5 May, the last Norwegian resistance pockets remaining in <a href="/wiki/South_Norway" title="South Norway">South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Norway" title="Central Norway">Central Norway</a> were defeated at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vinjesvingen" title="Battle of Vinjesvingen">Vinjesvingen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hegra_Fortress" title="Battle of Hegra Fortress">Hegra Fortress</a>. </p><p>In the north, German troops engaged in a bitter fight at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narvik" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Narvik">Battle of Narvik</a>. Holding out against five times as many British and French troops, they were close to surrender before finally slipping out from Narvik on 28 May.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 95">: 95 </span></sup> Moving east, the Germans were surprised when the British started to abandon Narvik on 3 June. By that time the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">German offensive in France</a> had progressed to such an extent that the British could no longer afford any commitment in Norway, and the 25,000 Britons and Frenchmen were evacuated from Narvik only 10 days after their victory. King Haakon VII and part of his government left for England on the British cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Glasgow_(C21)" title="HMS Glasgow (C21)">HMS <i>Glasgow</i></a> to establish the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_government-in-exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian government-in-exile">Norwegian government-in-exile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fighting continued in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Norway" title="Northern Norway">Northern Norway</a> until 10 June, when the <a href="/wiki/6th_Division_(Norway)" title="6th Division (Norway)">Norwegian 6th Division</a> surrendered shortly after Allied forces had been evacuated against the background of looming defeat in France. Among <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German-occupied territories</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>, this made Norway the country to withstand the German invasion for the longest period of time – approximately two months. </p><p>About 300,000 Germans were garrisoned in Norway for the rest of the war. By occupying Norway, Hitler had ensured the protection of Germany's supply of <a href="/wiki/Swedish_iron_ore_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish iron ore during World War II">iron ore from Sweden</a> and had obtained naval and air bases with which to strike at Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupation">Occupation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_political_and_military_powers">German political and military powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: German political and military powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Reichskommissariat Norwegen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Quisling regime</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Moebius-029-12,_Norwegen,_Besuch_Himmler,_Terboven_und_Quisling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Moebius-029-12%2C_Norwegen%2C_Besuch_Himmler%2C_Terboven_und_Quisling.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Moebius-029-12%2C_Norwegen%2C_Besuch_Himmler%2C_Terboven_und_Quisling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Moebius-029-12%2C_Norwegen%2C_Besuch_Himmler%2C_Terboven_und_Quisling.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Moebius-029-12%2C_Norwegen%2C_Besuch_Himmler%2C_Terboven_und_Quisling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Moebius-029-12%2C_Norwegen%2C_Besuch_Himmler%2C_Terboven_und_Quisling.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101III-Moebius-029-12%2C_Norwegen%2C_Besuch_Himmler%2C_Terboven_und_Quisling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> visiting Norway in 1941. Seated (from left to right) are <a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Quisling</a>, Himmler, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Terboven" title="Josef Terboven">Terboven</a>, and General <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_von_Falkenhorst" title="Nikolaus von Falkenhorst">Nikolaus von Falkenhorst</a>, the commander of the German forces in Norway.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to the invasion, on 14 and 18 December 1939, <a href="/wiki/Vidkun_Quisling" title="Vidkun Quisling">Vidkun Quisling</a>, the leader of Norway's fascist party, the <i><a href="/wiki/Nasjonal_Samling" title="Nasjonal Samling">Nasjonal Samling</a></i> ("National Gathering"), had tried to persuade <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> that he would form a government in support of occupying Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup> Although Hitler remained unreceptive to the idea, he gave orders to draft up plans for the possible military invasion of Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> Hence, on the first day of invasion, Quisling, using his own initiative, burst into the <a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a> studios in Oslo on 9 April and made a nationwide broadcast at 7:30 pm declaring himself prime minister and ordering all resistance halted at once.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 72">: 72 </span></sup> This did not please the German authorities, who initially wanted the legitimate government to remain in place. Nevertheless, when it became obvious that the Storting would not surrender, the Germans quickly came to recognise Quisling. Hitler not being aware of anyone better, supported him from the evening of 9 April.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 73">: 73 </span></sup> They demanded that King Haakon formally appoint him as prime minister and return his government to Oslo; in effect, giving legal sanction to the invasion. </p><p>When the German ambassador to Norway, <a href="/wiki/Curt_Br%C3%A4uer" title="Curt Bräuer">Curt Bräuer</a>, presented his government's demands to Haakon, the king let it be known he would abdicate before appointing Quisling prime minister. The Germans reacted by bombing the village they believed the king was occupying. He had been, but had left the village when the sound of bombers was heard. Standing in the snow in a nearby wood, he watched the village of <a href="/wiki/Nybergsund" title="Nybergsund">Nybergsund</a> be destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-TBY_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 77">: 77 </span></sup> This prompted the Norwegian government to unanimously advise him not to appoint any government headed by Quisling. The invaders realised Quisling's party could not muster any significant support, and quickly pushed him aside. An <a href="/wiki/Administrative_Council_(Norway)" title="Administrative Council (Norway)">administrative council</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Ingolf_Elster_Christensen" title="Ingolf Elster Christensen">Ingolf Elster Christensen</a> was therefore established on 15 April to administer those areas which had so far come under German control. The council was abolished on 20 September 1940, when <i><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissar" title="Reichskommissar">Reichskommissar</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Josef_Terboven" title="Josef Terboven">Josef Terboven</a> took over power by forming his own cabinet. Terboven attempted to negotiate an arrangement with the remaining members of the Norwegian parliament that would give a Nazi cabinet the semblance of legitimacy, but these talks failed. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazi-occupied_Parliament_of_Norway_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Nazi-occupied_Parliament_of_Norway_1941.jpg/220px-Nazi-occupied_Parliament_of_Norway_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Nazi-occupied_Parliament_of_Norway_1941.jpg/330px-Nazi-occupied_Parliament_of_Norway_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Nazi-occupied_Parliament_of_Norway_1941.jpg/440px-Nazi-occupied_Parliament_of_Norway_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The German-occupied <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Norway Building">Parliament of Norway Building</a> in 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>Quisling was consequently <a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">re-instituted as head of state</a> on 20 February 1942, although Terboven retained the sole means to use violence as a political tool, which he did on several occasions (e.g. by imposing <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Trondheim_in_1942" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial law in Trondheim in 1942">martial law in Trondheim</a> and ordering the destruction of the village of <a href="/wiki/Telav%C3%A5g" title="Telavåg">Telavåg</a>). Quisling believed that by ensuring economic stability and mediating between the Norwegian civilian society and the German occupiers, his party would gradually win the trust and confidence of the Norwegian population. Membership in the <i>Nasjonal Samling</i> did increase slightly in the first few years of the occupation, but never reached significant levels, and eroded towards the end of the war. </p><p>Military forces such as the <a href="/wiki/Army_Norway_(Wehrmacht)" title="Army Norway (Wehrmacht)"> Army Norway</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">Heer</a></i>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> remained under direct command of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht" title="Oberkommando der Wehrmacht">Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</a></i></span> in Germany throughout the war, but all other authority was vested in the Reich commissioner. The Nazi authorities made attempts to enact legislation that supported its actions and policies; it therefore banned all political parties except NS, appointed local leaders top down and forced labour unions and other organizations to accept NS leaders. Although there was much resistance against most of the Nazi government's policies, there was considerable cooperation in ensuring economic activity and social welfare programs. </p><p>Norway was the most heavily fortified country during the war: several hundred thousand German soldiers were stationed in Norway, in a ratio of one German soldier for every eight Norwegians. Most German soldiers considered themselves fortunate to be in Norway, particularly in comparison with those experiencing savage combat duty on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS) maintained a strength of six thousand in Norway during the Second World War, under the command of <i><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Rediess" title="Wilhelm Rediess">Wilhelm Rediess</a>, the Higher <a href="/wiki/SS_and_Police_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="SS and Police Leader">SS and Police Leader</a> (HSSPF) from June 1940 to the end of the war. Most of these troops were under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> and the SS and Police Leader hierarchy. In November 1944, three SS and Police Leaders (SSPF) subordinate to Rediess were appointed: SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Oberf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberführer">Oberführer</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Roch" title="Heinz Roch">Heinz Roch</a> for Northern Norway, <i>Oberführer</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kaaserer" title="Richard Kaaserer">Richard Kaaserer</a> for Central Norway and <i><a href="/wiki/Gruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Gruppenführer">Gruppenführer</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Sporrenberg" title="Jakob Sporrenberg">Jakob Sporrenberg</a> for Southern Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Allgemeine-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Allgemeine-SS">Allgemeine-SS</a> established the 127th SS-<a href="/wiki/Standarte" class="mw-redirect" title="Standarte">Standarte</a>, which was the last command of the General-SS ever created. </p><p>The battleship <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Tirpitz" title="German battleship Tirpitz"><i>Tirpitz</i></a> was stationed in Norway for most of the war, acting as a <i><a href="/wiki/Fleet_in_being" title="Fleet in being">fleet in being</a></i> in her own right and tying up considerable Allied resources until she was eventually sunk in the last of many attacks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_consequences">Economic consequences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economic consequences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo_queue_ww2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oslo_queue_ww2.jpg/220px-Oslo_queue_ww2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oslo_queue_ww2.jpg/330px-Oslo_queue_ww2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Oslo_queue_ww2.jpg/440px-Oslo_queue_ww2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4568" data-file-height="3256" /></a><figcaption>The occupation saw a great rise in food shortages throughout Norway. Here people wait in line for food rations, Oslo, 1942.</figcaption></figure> <p>The economic consequences of the German occupation were severe. Norway lost all its major <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">trading</a> partners the moment it was occupied. Germany became the main trading partner, but could not make up for the lost import and export business. While <a href="/wiki/Production_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Production capacity">production capacity</a> largely remained intact, the German authorities confiscated a very large part of the output, leaving Norway only 43% of its production.<sup id="cite_ref-Klemann,_Hein_A_2011_p._403_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klemann,_Hein_A_2011_p._403-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Combined with a general drop in productivity, Norwegians were quickly confronted with a scarcity of basic commodities, including food. There was a real risk of famine. Many, if not most, Norwegians started growing their own crops and keeping their own livestock. City parks were divided among inhabitants, who grew potatoes, cabbage, and other hardy vegetables. People kept pigs, rabbits, chicken and other poultry in their houses and out-buildings. Fishing and hunting became more widespread. <a href="/wiki/Gray_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray market">Gray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Black markets">black market</a> provided for flow of goods. Norwegians also learned to use <i><a href="/wiki/Ersatz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ersatz">ersatz</a></i> products for a wide variety of purposes, ranging from fuel to coffee, tea, and tobacco.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holocaust_and_deportation_of_Jews">Holocaust and deportation of Jews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Holocaust and deportation of Jews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust in Norway">Holocaust in Norway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antisemitic_graffiti_in_Oslo,_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Antisemitic_graffiti_in_Oslo%2C_1941.jpg/220px-Antisemitic_graffiti_in_Oslo%2C_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Antisemitic_graffiti_in_Oslo%2C_1941.jpg/330px-Antisemitic_graffiti_in_Oslo%2C_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Antisemitic_graffiti_in_Oslo%2C_1941.jpg/440px-Antisemitic_graffiti_in_Oslo%2C_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitic">Anti-Semitic</a> graffiti on shop windows in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> in 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>At the beginning of the occupation, there were at least 2,173 <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Norway" title="History of the Jews in Norway">Jews in Norway</a>. At least 775 of these were arrested, detained, and/or deported. 742 were killed in <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentration camps">concentration camps</a>, 23 died as a result of extrajudicial execution, murder, and suicide during the war; bringing the total of Jewish Norwegian dead to at least 765, comprising 230 complete households. In addition to the few who survived concentration camps, some also survived by fleeing the country, mostly to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, but some also to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acceptance_and_collaboration">Acceptance and collaboration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Acceptance and collaboration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Quisling regime</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Borrestevnet,_sommeren_1941._(8617784525).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Borrestevnet%2C_sommeren_1941._%288617784525%29.jpg/220px-Borrestevnet%2C_sommeren_1941._%288617784525%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Borrestevnet%2C_sommeren_1941._%288617784525%29.jpg/330px-Borrestevnet%2C_sommeren_1941._%288617784525%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Borrestevnet%2C_sommeren_1941._%288617784525%29.jpg/440px-Borrestevnet%2C_sommeren_1941._%288617784525%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="1392" /></a><figcaption>Quisling (in front of the center) at a party event in <a href="/wiki/Borre_mound_cemetery" title="Borre mound cemetery">Borre National Park</a> is under a portal that promotes <a href="/wiki/Germanske_SS_Norge" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanske SS Norge">Germanske SS Norge</a> in 1941.</figcaption></figure> <p>Of the Norwegians who supported the <i>Nasjonal Samling</i> party, relatively few were active <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaborators</a>. Most notorious among these was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rinnan" title="Henry Rinnan">Henry Rinnan</a>, the leader of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sonderabteilung_Lola" title="Sonderabteilung Lola">Sonderabteilung Lola</a></i> (locally known as <i>Rinnanbanden</i> or "the Rinnan gang"), a group of informants who infiltrated the Norwegian resistance, hence managing to capture and murder many of its members. </p><p>Other collaborators were <a href="/wiki/Statspolitiet" title="Statspolitiet">Statspolitiet</a> (STAPO), a police force that operated independently of the regular police. Statspolitiet was closely related to the Quisling regime and took also orders directly from the German <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">Sicherheitspolizei</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hirden" title="Hirden">Hirden</a> was a fascist <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> force with party members subordinate to the ruling party. Hirden had a broad mandate that included the use of violence. </p><p>Furthermore, about 15,000 Norwegians volunteered for combat duty on the Nazi side; of the 6,000 sent into action as part of the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_SS" title="Germanic SS">Germanic SS</a>, most were sent to the Eastern front. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resistance_movement">Resistance movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Resistance movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grini_1941-43.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Grini_1941-43.jpg/220px-Grini_1941-43.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Grini_1941-43.jpg/330px-Grini_1941-43.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Grini_1941-43.jpg/440px-Grini_1941-43.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4376" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Grini_concentration_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Grini concentration camp">Grini concentration camp</a>, where most political prisoners were interned</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norwegian resistance movement</a></div> <p>Over time, an organized armed resistance movement, known as <a href="/wiki/Milorg" title="Milorg">Milorg</a> and numbering some 40,000 armed men at the end of the war, was formed under a largely unified command, something which greatly facilitated the transfer of power in May 1945. </p><p>A distinction was made between the <a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">home front</a> (<i>Hjemmefronten</i>) and the external front (<i>Utefronten</i>). The home front consisted of sabotage, raids and clandestine operations (as was often performed by members of <a href="/wiki/Milorg" title="Milorg">Milorg</a>), as well as intelligence gathering (for which <a href="/wiki/XU" title="XU">XU</a> was founded). Meanwhile, the external front included <a href="/wiki/Nortraship" title="Nortraship">Norway's merchant fleet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Navy" title="Royal Norwegian Navy">Royal Norwegian Navy</a> (which had evacuated many of its ships to Britain), Norwegian squadrons under the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> command and several commando groups operating out of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a>. </p><p>One of the most successful actions undertaken by the Norwegian resistance was the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_heavy_water_sabotage" title="Norwegian heavy water sabotage">Norwegian heavy water sabotage</a>, which crippled the <a href="/wiki/German_nuclear_energy_project" class="mw-redirect" title="German nuclear energy project">German nuclear energy project</a>. Prominent resistance members, among them <a href="/wiki/Max_Manus" title="Max Manus">Max Manus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_S%C3%B8nsteby" title="Gunnar Sønsteby">Gunnar Sønsteby</a>, destroyed several ships and supplies of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i>. Radical organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Osvald_Group" title="Osvald Group">Osvald Group</a> sabotaged a number of trains and railways. However most organizations opted for <a href="/wiki/Passive_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Passive resistance">passive resistance</a>. </p><p>Illegal newspapers were distributed, including <a href="/wiki/Friheten" title="Friheten">Friheten</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5rt_Land_(Norwegian_newspaper)" title="Vårt Land (Norwegian newspaper)">Vårt Land</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritt_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritt Land (page does not exist)">Fritt Land</a>. Illegal trade union periodicals included <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fri_Fagbevegelse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fri Fagbevegelse (page does not exist)">Fri Fagbevegelse</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exiled_Norwegian_forces">Exiled Norwegian forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Exiled Norwegian forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_armed_forces_in_exile" title="Norwegian armed forces in exile">Norwegian armed forces in exile</a></div> <p>About 80,000 Norwegian citizens fled the country during the course of the war; apart from political and military forces they included intellectuals such as <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a>. Since the Norwegian parliament continued to operate in exile in Britain, many of these exiles voluntarily came to serve in the Allied military forces, often forming their own distinct Norwegian units in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Forces_Act_1940" title="Allied Forces Act 1940">Allied Forces Act</a>. By the end of the war, these forces consisted of some 28,000 enlisted men and women.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Navy">Navy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1940, some 13 warships and 5 aircraft of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Navy" title="Royal Norwegian Navy">Royal Norwegian Navy</a>, including their 500 operating personnel, followed the King and parliament to Britain. Throughout the war, some 118 ships served the Royal Norwegian Navy, of which 58 were in active service at the end of the war. By then the Royal Norwegian Navy had continuously and actively served Allied forces since the summer of 1940, and had suffered the loss of 27 ships and 650 men.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air_Force">Air Force</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Air Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to develop and train an Air Force, a training camp known as "<a href="/wiki/Little_Norway" title="Little Norway">Little Norway</a>" was set up near <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, on 10 November 1940. However, a unified <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Air_Force" title="Royal Norwegian Air Force">Royal Norwegian Air Force</a> was only founded as a separate branch of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Norway">military of Norway</a> on 10 November 1944; until then it operated in two distinct branches—then known as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Navy_Air_Service" title="Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service">Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Army_Air_Service" title="Norwegian Army Air Service">Norwegian Army Air Service</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Air Force operated four squadrons in support of Allied forces: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No._330_Squadron_RNoAF" title="No. 330 Squadron RNoAF">No. 330 Squadron RNoAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._331_Squadron_RNoAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 331 Squadron RNoAF">No. 331 Squadron RNoAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._332_Squadron_RNoAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 332 Squadron RNoAF">No. 332 Squadron RNoAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._333_Squadron_RNoAF" title="No. 333 Squadron RNoAF">No. 333 Squadron RNoAF</a></li></ul> <p>A number of Norwegian volunteers also served in British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">RAF</a> units. Combined, the Norwegian fighter squadrons (No. 331 and 332) and Norwegian fighters operating in RAF service accounted for a total of 247 enemy aircraft destroyed, 42 assumed destroyed and 142 damaged. By the war's end, the Norwegian Air Force had a total of 2,700 personnel and had suffered a total of 228 losses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Army">Army</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Norwegian Army was given the lowest priority of all the exiled Norwegian forces; it never exceeded 4,000 men. Following its last reorganisation in 1942, the Army consisted of the following units:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Army#Exile_and_the_Scottish_Brigade" title="Norwegian Army">Scottish Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Independent_Company_1" title="Norwegian Independent Company 1">Norwegian Independent Company 1</a> (initially serving British <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">SOE</a> operations)</li> <li>No. 5 Troop of the 10th Inter-Allied Commando</li> <li>Norwegian "Iceland" Company (Teaching American and British troops in <a href="/wiki/Winter_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter warfare">winter warfare</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> garrison</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a> garrison</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands#South_Georgia" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia</a> garrison</li> <li>Coastal artillery group</li> <li>Hospital unit</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_raids_in_Norway">Allied raids in Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Allied raids in Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout the war, <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> planners remained wary of the strategic significance of Norway. <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">Commando</a> raids were carried out in several locations; some with the intention of deceiving German commanders as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Fortitude" title="Operation Fortitude">Operation Fortitude North</a>, others with the explicit aim of disrupting German military and scientific capabilities, such as sabotaging the <a href="/wiki/German_nuclear_energy_project" class="mw-redirect" title="German nuclear energy project">German nuclear energy project</a>. Many of these allied raids were achieved with the help of exiled Norwegian forces. However, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a> was obsessed with an invasion of Norway and kept badgering <a href="/wiki/Alanbrooke" class="mw-redirect" title="Alanbrooke">Alanbrooke</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Operation_Jupiter_(Norway)" title="Operation Jupiter (Norway)">Operation Jupiter (Norway)</a>. </p><p>Notable military operations in Norway include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claymore" title="Operation Claymore">Operation Claymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gauntlet" title="Operation Gauntlet">Operation Gauntlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Anklet" title="Operation Anklet">Operation Anklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Archery" title="Operation Archery">Operation Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Musketoon" title="Operation Musketoon">Operation Musketoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Freshman" title="Operation Freshman">Operation Freshman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Checkmate_(commando_raid)" title="Operation Checkmate (commando raid)">Operation Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Judgement,_Kilbotn" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Judgement, Kilbotn">Operation Judgement, Kilbotn</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liberation">Liberation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Liberation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lapland_War,_Soviet_advance,_and_retreat_of_the_German_army"><span id="Lapland_War.2C_Soviet_advance.2C_and_retreat_of_the_German_army"></span>Lapland War, Soviet advance, and retreat of the German army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Lapland War, Soviet advance, and retreat of the German army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Petsamo-Kirkenes_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation">Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_withdrawal_from_Finland_1944_and_1945.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/German_withdrawal_from_Finland_1944_and_1945.tif/lossy-page1-220px-German_withdrawal_from_Finland_1944_and_1945.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/German_withdrawal_from_Finland_1944_and_1945.tif/lossy-page1-330px-German_withdrawal_from_Finland_1944_and_1945.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/German_withdrawal_from_Finland_1944_and_1945.tif/lossy-page1-440px-German_withdrawal_from_Finland_1944_and_1945.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="2284" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the German army's retreat from <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and, shortly thereafter, from <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark</a> in northern Norway</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviets_meet_Norwegians.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Soviets_meet_Norwegians.jpg/220px-Soviets_meet_Norwegians.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Soviets_meet_Norwegians.jpg/330px-Soviets_meet_Norwegians.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Soviets_meet_Norwegians.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Soviet soldiers meet local Norwegian inhabitants.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kirkenes_burning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kirkenes_burning.jpg/220px-Kirkenes_burning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kirkenes_burning.jpg/330px-Kirkenes_burning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Kirkenes_burning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption>The town of <a href="/wiki/Kirkenes" title="Kirkenes">Kirkenes</a> was left severely damaged following the withdrawal of German forces.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">German withdrawal from Lapland</a>, the initial German plan was to retain the essential nickel mines around <a href="/wiki/Territories_ceded_by_Finland_to_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Territories ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union">Petsamo</a> in the far North held by the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Corps_Norway" title="Mountain Corps Norway">19th Mountain Corps</a> under General <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Jodl" title="Ferdinand Jodl">Ferdinand Jodl</a>, but events led to the <i>Oberkommando der Wehrmacht</i> ordering the entire <a href="/wiki/20th_Mountain_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="20th Mountain Army (Wehrmacht)">20th Mountain Army</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> to take up new defensive positions around <a href="/wiki/Lyngseidet" title="Lyngseidet">Lyngen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skibotn" title="Skibotn">Skibotn</a> just to the north of <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8_(city)" title="Tromsø (city)">Tromsø</a>—a new operation which came to be called "<a href="/wiki/Operation_Nordlicht_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Operation Nordlicht (1944–1945)">Operation Nordlicht</a>" (Operation Northern Light). This proved to be a huge logistical undertaking. General <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Rendulic" title="Lothar Rendulic">Lothar Rendulic</a>, replacing General <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Dietl" title="Eduard Dietl">Eduard Dietl</a>, who had been killed in an air crash, set about evacuating supplies by sea through Petsamo and the Norwegian town of <a href="/wiki/Kirkenes" title="Kirkenes">Kirkenes</a>. </p><p>In early October 1944, some 53,000 men of the German 19th Mountain Corps were still 45 mi (72 km) inside <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Zapadnaya_Litsa_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapadnaya Litsa River">Litsa River</a> and the neck of the <a href="/wiki/Rybachy_Peninsula" title="Rybachy Peninsula">Rybachy Peninsula</a>. The plan was for them to reach <a href="/wiki/Lakselv" title="Lakselv">Lakselv</a> in Norway, 160 mi (260 km) west, by 15 November. By 7 October however, the combined <a href="/wiki/14th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="14th Army (Soviet Union)">Soviet 14th Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Northern_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Northern Fleet">Northern fleet</a>, consisting of 133,500 men under Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Meretskov" title="Kirill Meretskov">Kirill Meretskov</a>, attacked the weakest point of the German line, the junction between the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="2nd Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">2nd</a> and <a href="/wiki/6th_Mountain_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Mountain Division (Wehrmacht)">6th</a> Mountain Divisions. </p><p>A Soviet Naval Brigade also made an amphibious landing to the west of Rybachy, thereby outflanking the Germans. Rendulic, fearing an encirclement of his forces, ordered the 19th Mountain Corps to fall back into Norway. With the Soviets hard on their heels, the Corps reached Kirkenes by 20 October. The German High Command ordered Rendulic to hold the Soviets at bay whilst vital supplies amounting to some 135,000 short tons (122,000 t) could be shipped to safety. Five days later, when the German army prepared to withdraw, only around 45,000 short tons (41,000 t) had been saved. </p><p>As a result of the German <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">scorched earth</a> policy, Kirkenes was virtually destroyed by the Germans before pulling out: the town was set on fire, port installations and offices were blown up and only a few small houses were left standing. This scene was to be repeated throughout <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark</a>, an area larger than <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. The Germans were determined to leave nothing of value to the Soviets, as Hitler had ordered Rendulic to leave the area devoid of people, shelter and supplies. Some 43,000 people complied with the order to evacuate the region immediately; those who refused were forced to leave their homes. Some nonetheless stayed behind to await the departure of the Germans: it was estimated that 23,000–25,000 people remained in East-Finnmark by the end of November, they hid in the wilderness until the Germans had left. </p><p>The Soviets pursued the Germans over the following days, and fighting occurred around the small settlements of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Munkelv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Munkelv (page does not exist)">Munkelv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neiden,_Finnmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Neiden, Finnmark">Neiden</a> to the west of Kirkenes around 27 October. The German 6th Mountain Division, acting as rear-guard, slowly withdrew up the main road along the coast (known as <i>Riksvei 50</i>, now called the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E6" title="European route E6">E6</a>) until reaching <a href="/wiki/Tanafjord" title="Tanafjord">Tanafjord</a>, some 70 mi (110 km) north-west of Kirkenes, which they reached on 6 November. It was to be their last contact with Soviet troops. </p><p>However, the advance of the Soviet troops stopped and West-Finnmark and North-Troms became a no-man's land between the Soviet army and the German army. Here, several thousand people lived in hiding the whole winter 1944/45. These people were called cave people, living in caves, in huts made of driftwood and/or turf, under boats turned upside down, etc. The risk of being discovered by patrolling German boats was a constant threat during the months waiting for liberation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exiled_Norwegian_troops_liberate_Finnmark">Exiled Norwegian troops liberate Finnmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Exiled Norwegian troops liberate Finnmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Finnmark" title="Liberation of Finnmark">Liberation of Finnmark</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crown_Prince_Olav_Lt_Gen_Sherbakov_Col_Arne_Dagfin_Dahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Crown_Prince_Olav_Lt_Gen_Sherbakov_Col_Arne_Dagfin_Dahl.jpg/220px-Crown_Prince_Olav_Lt_Gen_Sherbakov_Col_Arne_Dagfin_Dahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Crown_Prince_Olav_Lt_Gen_Sherbakov_Col_Arne_Dagfin_Dahl.jpg/330px-Crown_Prince_Olav_Lt_Gen_Sherbakov_Col_Arne_Dagfin_Dahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Crown_Prince_Olav_Lt_Gen_Sherbakov_Col_Arne_Dagfin_Dahl.jpg/440px-Crown_Prince_Olav_Lt_Gen_Sherbakov_Col_Arne_Dagfin_Dahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption> Dinner party in Kirkenes in July 1945. <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Soviet troops</a> withdrew from Norwegian territory on 25 September 1945. At the rear from right: Colonel <a href="/wiki/Arne_Dagfin_Dahl" title="Arne Dagfin Dahl">Arne Dagfin Dahl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olav_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Olav V of Norway">Crown Prince Olav</a> and Commander Soviet Forces in Norway Lieutenant General Sherbakov.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 25 October 1944, the order was given for a Norwegian force in Britain to set sail for <a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a> to join the Soviet forces now entering <a href="/wiki/Northern_Norway" title="Northern Norway">Northern Norway</a>. The envoy was named <i>Force 138</i> and the operation was called "Operation Crofter". </p><p>Led by <i><a href="/wiki/Oberst" title="Oberst">Oberst</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Arne_Dagfin_Dahl" title="Arne Dagfin Dahl">Arne D. Dahl</a>: </p> <ul><li>A military mission responsible for creating a liaison with the Soviets and setting up a civil administration,</li> <li><i>Bergkompanie</i> 2 under Major S. Rongstad with 233 men,</li> <li>A naval area command with 11 men,</li> <li>"Area command Finnmark" consisting of 12 men.</li></ul> <p>The force arrived in Murmansk on 6 November and went with a Soviet ship to <a href="/wiki/Liinakhamari" title="Liinakhamari">Liinakhamari</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pechengsky_District" title="Pechengsky District">North-western Soviet Union</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Petsamo_Province" title="Petsamo Province">North-eastern Finland</a>), from where trucks took them to Norway, arriving on 10 November. The Soviet commander, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Shcherbakov_(general)" title="Vladimir Shcherbakov (general)">Sherbakov</a>, made it clear that he wanted the Norwegian <i>Bergkompani</i> to take over the forward positions as soon as possible. Volunteers from the local population were hastily formed into "guard companies" armed with Soviet weapons pending the arrival of more troops from either Sweden or Britain. The first convoy arrived from Britain on 7 December and included two Norwegian corvettes (one of which was later damaged by a mine) and three minesweepers. </p><p>It soon became obvious that reconnaissance patrols needed to be sent out to observe German activities and discover whether or not the population of Finnmark had been evacuated. The reports came back stating that the Germans were in the process of pulling back from the <a href="/wiki/Porsanger_Peninsula" title="Porsanger Peninsula">Porsanger Peninsula</a>, but were laying mines and booby-traps along the way, a few people were left here and there and many of the buildings were burnt down. </p><p>This remained the situation into 1945. In the new year the Norwegian forces slowly retook Finnmark, helping the local population in the arctic winter and dealing with occasional German raids from the air, sea and land as well as the ever-present danger from mines. Reinforcements arrived from the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_police_troops_in_Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Norwegian police troops in Sweden during World War II">Rikspoliti</a> based in Sweden as well as convoys from Britain. A total of 1,442 people and 1,225 short tons (1,111 t) of material were flown in by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Dakota</a> transport aircraft from <a href="/wiki/Kallax" title="Kallax">Kallax</a> in Sweden to Finnmark, and by April the Norwegian forces numbered over 3,000 men. On 26 April the Norwegian command sent out a message that Finnmark was free. When the Germans finally capitulated on 8 May 1945, the 1st company of the Varanger battalion was positioned along the Finnmark-<a href="/wiki/Troms" title="Troms">Troms</a> border to the west of <a href="/wiki/Alta_(town)" title="Alta (town)">Alta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_German_occupation">End of German occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: End of German occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Doomsday" title="Operation Doomsday">Operation Doomsday</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Norway_freed.ogv/220px-seek%3D46-Norway_freed.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="643" data-mwtitle="Norway_freed.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Norway_freed.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Norway_freed.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/Norway_freed.ogv/Norway_freed.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/Norway_freed.ogv/Norway_freed.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/Norway_freed.ogv/Norway_freed.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Newsreel about the liberation of Norway</figcaption></figure> <p>Towards the end of the war, in March 1945, Norwegian <i>Reichskommissar</i> <a href="/wiki/Josef_Terboven" title="Josef Terboven">Josef Terboven</a> had considered <a href="/wiki/Festung_Norwegen" title="Festung Norwegen">plans to make Norway the last bastion of the Third Reich</a> and a last sanctum for German leaders. However, following <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler" title="Death of Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler's suicide</a> on 30 April, Hitler's successor Admiral <a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a> summoned Terboven and General <a href="/wiki/Franz_B%C3%B6hme" title="Franz Böhme">Franz Böhme</a>, Commander-in-Chief of German forces in Norway, to a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a>, where they were ordered to follow the General headquarters' instructions. <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">On his return to Norway, General Böhme issued a secret directive to his commanders in which he ordered "unconditional military obedience" and "iron discipline".</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>German forces in Denmark surrendered on 5 May, and on the same day, General <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a> dispatched a telegram to resistance headquarters in Norway, which was passed on to General Böhme; it contained information on how to make contact with Allied General Headquarters. With only around 30,000 troops on hand, General Montgomery opted to exclude the surrender of Norway from the May 5 surrenders that included Denmark, Holland and northeast Germany and tasked Sir <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorne" title="Andrew Thorne">Andrew Thorne</a>, GOC-in-C Scottish Command, to negotiate the surrender of some 350,000 German troops in Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dönitz dismissed Terboven from his post as <i>Reichskommissar</i> on 7 May, transferring his powers to General Böhme. At 21:10 on the same day, the German High Command ordered Böhme to follow the capitulation plans, and he made a radio broadcast at 22:00 in which he declared that German forces in Norway would obey orders. This led to an immediate and full mobilisation of the Milorg underground resistance movement—more than 40,000 armed Norwegians were summoned to occupy the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace,_Oslo" title="Royal Palace, Oslo">Royal Palace</a>, Oslo's main police station, as well as other public buildings. A planned Norwegian administration was set up overnight. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_surrender_of_Akershus_Fortress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/German_surrender_of_Akershus_Fortress.jpg/220px-German_surrender_of_Akershus_Fortress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/German_surrender_of_Akershus_Fortress.jpg/330px-German_surrender_of_Akershus_Fortress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/German_surrender_of_Akershus_Fortress.jpg/440px-German_surrender_of_Akershus_Fortress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Germans surrender <a href="/wiki/Akershus_Fortress" title="Akershus Fortress">Akershus Fortress</a> to <a href="/wiki/Terje_Rollem" title="Terje Rollem">Terje Rollem</a> on 11 May 1945.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kongefamilien_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kongefamilien_1945.jpg/220px-Kongefamilien_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kongefamilien_1945.jpg/330px-Kongefamilien_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kongefamilien_1945.jpg/440px-Kongefamilien_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Norwegian Royal family waving at the crowds in Oslo upon returning from exile</figcaption></figure> <p>The following afternoon, on 8 May, an Allied military mission arrived in Oslo to deliver the conditions for capitulation to the Germans, and arranged the surrender, which took effect at midnight. The conditions included the German High Command agreeing to arrest and intern all German and Norwegian Nazi party members listed by the Allies, disarm and intern all SS troops, and send all German forces to designated areas. Several of the high ranking Nazi and SS officials chose to kill themselves rather than surrender. Among those who committed suicide between 8–10 May were Terboven, Rediess and Roch. At this time there were no fewer than 400,000 German soldiers in Norway, which had a population of barely three million. </p><p>Following the surrender, detachments of regular Norwegian and Allied troops were sent to Norway, which included 13,000 Norwegians trained in Sweden and 30,000 Britons and Americans. Official representatives of the Norwegian civil authorities followed soon after these military forces, with <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_Olav" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince Olav">Crown Prince Olav</a> arriving in Oslo on a British cruiser on 14 May, with a 21-man delegation of Norwegian government officials headed up by <a href="/wiki/Sverre_St%C3%B8stad" title="Sverre Støstad">Sverre Støstad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ernst_Wilhelm_Hartmann" title="Paul Ernst Wilhelm Hartmann">Paul Hartmann</a>, with the remainder of the Norwegian government and the London-based administration following on the UK troopship <a href="/wiki/RMS_Andes_(1939)" title="RMS Andes (1939)"><i>Andes</i></a>. Finally, <a href="/wiki/7_June_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="7 June in Norway">on 7 June</a>, which also happened to be the 40th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_union_between_Norway_and_Sweden_in_1905" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905">dissolution</a> of <a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Norway's union with Sweden</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VII of Norway">Haakon VII</a> and the remaining members of the royal family arrived in Oslo onboard the British cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMS_Norfolk_(78)" title="HMS Norfolk (78)">HMS <i>Norfolk</i></a>. General Sir <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorne" title="Andrew Thorne">Andrew Thorne</a>, Commander-in-Chief of Allied forces in Norway, transferred power to King Haakon that same day. </p><p>Following the liberation, the Norwegian government-in-exile was replaced by a coalition led by <a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Einar Gerhardsen</a> which governed until the autumn of 1945 when the first postwar general election was held, returning Gerhardsen as prime minister, at the head of a <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Norway)" title="Labour Party (Norway)">Labour Party</a> government. </p><p>Norwegian survivors began to emerge from the German concentration camps. By war's end, 92,000 Norwegians were located abroad, including 46,000 in Sweden. Besides German occupiers, 141,000 foreign nationals were located in Norway, mostly now-liberated prisoners of war held by the Germans. These included 84,000 Russians. </p><p>A total of 10,262 Norwegians lost their lives in the conflict or while imprisoned. Approximately 50,000 Norwegians were arrested by the Germans during the occupation. Of these, 9,000 were consigned to prison camps outside Norway, including <a href="/wiki/Stutthof_concentration_camp" title="Stutthof concentration camp">Stutthof concentration camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lebensborn_and_war_children">Lebensborn and war children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Lebensborn and war children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Lebensborn" title="Lebensborn">Lebensborn</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_children" title="War children">War children</a></div> <p>During the five-year occupation, several thousand Norwegian women had children fathered by German soldiers in the <i><a href="/wiki/Lebensborn" title="Lebensborn">Lebensborn</a></i> program. The mothers were ostracised and humiliated after the war both by Norwegian officialdom and the civilian population, and were called names such as <i>tyskertøser</i> (literally "whores/sluts of [the] Germans").<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these women were detained at <a href="/wiki/Internment#Internment_camp" title="Internment">internment camps</a> such as <a href="/wiki/National_Internment_Camp_for_Women_in_Hoved%C3%B8ya" title="National Internment Camp for Women in Hovedøya">the one on Hovedøya</a>, and some were even deported to Germany. The children of these unions received names like <i>tyskerunger</i> (children of Germans) or worse yet <i>naziyngel</i> (Nazi spawn). The debate on the past treatment of these <i>krigsbarn</i> (<a href="/wiki/War_children" title="War children">war children</a>) started with a television series in 1981, but only recently have the offspring of these unions begun to identify themselves. <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Moen" title="Fritz Moen">Fritz Moen</a>, the only known victim of dual <a href="/wiki/Miscarriage_of_justice" title="Miscarriage of justice">miscarriage of justice</a> in Europe, was the child of a Norwegian woman and a German soldier, as was <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a> member <a href="/wiki/Anni-Frid_Lyngstad" title="Anni-Frid Lyngstad">Anni-Frid Lyngstad</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refugees">Refugees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Refugees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norskeflyktninger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Norskeflyktninger.jpg/220px-Norskeflyktninger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Norskeflyktninger.jpg/330px-Norskeflyktninger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Norskeflyktninger.jpg/440px-Norskeflyktninger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2677" data-file-height="2014" /></a><figcaption>Norwegian refugees passing the open area cut in the woods between Norway and Sweden</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Familieforlegninger_(6995277646).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Familieforlegninger_%286995277646%29.jpg/220px-Familieforlegninger_%286995277646%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Familieforlegninger_%286995277646%29.jpg/330px-Familieforlegninger_%286995277646%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Familieforlegninger_%286995277646%29.jpg/440px-Familieforlegninger_%286995277646%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2579" data-file-height="1924" /></a><figcaption>Refugees were often confined to camps where only their basic needs were met.</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the war years, a number of Norwegians fled the Nazi regime, mostly across the border to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. These included <a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Norway">Norwegian Jews</a>, political activists, and others who had reason to fear for their lives. The Nazis set up border patrols to stop these flights across the very long border, but locals who knew the woods found ways to bypass them. These "border pilots", and people who hid refugees in their homes, were among those in the resistance movement who took the greatest risks. </p><p>About 50,000 Norwegians fled to Sweden during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-norgestack.se_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norgestack.se-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first Norwegian refugees were met by Swedish immigration authorities and several hundred were turned away as ineligible to enter Sweden. Norwegian military members were interred as required by the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions</a>. Later, all Norwegians were regarded as political refugees. Reception centres were established from 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-norgestack.se_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norgestack.se-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1942 to 1945, the main Norwegian refugee centre was located at <a href="/wiki/Kjes%C3%A4ter" title="Kjesäter">Kjesäter</a> near to <a href="/wiki/Ving%C3%A5ker" title="Vingåker">Vingåker</a>, 42,800 Norwegians passed through Kjesäter during the war. </p><p>Sweden received about 900 Norwegian Jews, about half of Norway's Jewish population.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A great many refugees were men of military age wishing to join the Norwegian armed forces abroad. Before the German invasion of Russia, a number of them managed to make their way out of Sweden and travel over Russian territory to Britain, often via India, South Africa or Canada. After <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, the overland route over Russian soil was closed. </p><p>In the last two years of the war, the Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Government in exile">government in exile</a> in London obtained permission and cooperation from the Swedish authorities to secretly raise military formations on Swedish territory in the form of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_police_troops_in_Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Norwegian police troops in Sweden during World War II">"Police troops"</a> (<i>Polititroppene</i>) recruited from Norwegian refugees. Some were indeed police, and Sweden did not allow weapons training in a few camps, but for most the term "Police" was a cover-up for what in reality was pure military training. These formations, numbering 12,000 men organised into battalions and with their own pioneers, signals and artillery by VE-day, were equipped with Swedish weapons and equipment and trained by Norwegian and Swedish officers.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Johansson_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johansson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of the "Police troops" were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Finnmark" title="Liberation of Finnmark">liberation of Finnmark</a> in the winter of 1944/45 after the area had been evacuated by the Germans. The rest participated in liberation of the rest of Norway after the German surrender in May 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treason_trials">Treason trials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Treason trials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legal_purge_in_Norway_after_World_War_II" title="Legal purge in Norway after World War II">Legal purge in Norway after World War II</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tyskere_i_Norge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tyskere_i_Norge.jpg/220px-Tyskere_i_Norge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tyskere_i_Norge.jpg/330px-Tyskere_i_Norge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tyskere_i_Norge.jpg/440px-Tyskere_i_Norge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>German soldiers waiting at a camp in <a href="/wiki/Mandal,_Norway" title="Mandal, Norway">Mandal</a> to be returned home to Germany, August 1945</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tysk_fange.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tysk_fange.png/220px-Tysk_fange.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tysk_fange.png/330px-Tysk_fange.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tysk_fange.png/440px-Tysk_fange.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="674" /></a><figcaption>German soldier clearing a mine near <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a>, August 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>Even before the war ended, there was debate among Norwegians about the fate of traitors and collaborators. A few favored a "night of long knives" with extrajudicial killings of known offenders. However, cooler minds prevailed, and much effort was put into assuring due process trials of accused traitors. In the end, 37 people were executed by Norwegian authorities: 25 Norwegians on the grounds of treason, and 12 Germans on the grounds of crimes against humanity. 28,750 were arrested, though most were released for lack of evidence. In the end, 20,000 Norwegians and a smaller number of Germans were given prison sentences. 77 Norwegians and 18 Germans received life sentences. A number of people were sentenced to pay heavy fines. </p><p>The trials have been subject to some criticism in later years. It has been pointed out that sentences became more lenient with the passage of time, and that many of the charges were based on the unconstitutional<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and illegal retroactive application of laws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_prisoners_of_war">German prisoners of war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: German prisoners of war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war the Norwegian government forced German <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a> to clear <a href="/wiki/Minefield" class="mw-redirect" title="Minefield">minefields</a>. When the clearing ended in September 1946, 392 of them had been injured and 275 had been killed. Meanwhile, only two Norwegians and four British mine-clearers had sustained any injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the Germans were killed through their guards' habit of chasing them criss-cross over a cleared field to ensure that no mines remained.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy_of_the_occupation">Legacy of the occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Legacy of the occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the end of the war, German occupation had reduced Norway's <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> by 45% – more than any other occupied country.<sup id="cite_ref-Klemann,_Hein_A_2011_p._403_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klemann,_Hein_A_2011_p._403-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to this came the physical and patrimonial ravages of the war itself. In <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark</a>, these were considerably important, as large areas were destroyed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">scorched earth</a> policy that the Germans had pursued during their retreat. Moreover, many towns and settlements were damaged or destroyed by bombing and fighting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_and_cultural_transformation">Social and cultural transformation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Social and cultural transformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The adversity created as a result of the occupation strengthened and further defined the Norwegian national identity. The history of the resistance movement may have been glorified excessively, but it has also provided Norwegian military and political leaders with durable role models. The shared hardship of the war years also set the stage for <a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">social welfare policies</a> of the post-war Norwegian Labour Party governments. It also led to the abandonment of Norway's traditional policy of <a href="/wiki/Neutrality_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrality (international relations)">neutrality</a>, formalized when Norway became a founding member of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in 1949. Finally, it led to a broad political and popular commitment to maintain <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">armed forces</a> large enough to realistically defend the country against any likely threat, as well as to keep those armed forces under firm civilian control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Surviving_Luftwaffe_aircraft">Surviving Luftwaffe aircraft</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Surviving Luftwaffe aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary Luftwaffe day fighter unit dedicated to serve in the area of Norway, <i><a href="/wiki/Jagdgeschwader_5" title="Jagdgeschwader 5">Jagdgeschwader 5</a></i> (5th Fighter Wing), was the unit that used more of the surviving Second World War German fighter aircraft than any other in the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> during the Second World War. The complement of surviving German fighter aircraft that once served with JG 5 comprises some twenty examples of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Messerschmitt_Bf_109s" title="List of surviving Messerschmitt Bf 109s">Messerschmitt Bf 109</a>, and several examples of the radial-engined versions of the <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190_operational_history#Survivors" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190 operational history">Focke-Wulf Fw 190</a>. A small number of JG 5's surviving aircraft have been recently restored to flying condition as <a href="/wiki/Warbird" title="Warbird">warbird</a> aircraft with various organizations that fly them in airshow events, and a few others that served with JG 5 are also in the process of being restored to flying condition, early in the 21st century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The lone surviving original example of the <a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_234" class="mw-redirect" title="Arado Ar 234">Arado Ar 234</a> <i>Blitz</i> turbojet-powered Nazi German reconnaissance bomber, restored and on display in the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Udvar-Hazy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Udvar-Hazy Center">Udvar-Hazy Center</a>, in 1945 was based in Norway with <i><a href="/wiki/Kampfgeschwader_76" title="Kampfgeschwader 76">Kampfgeschwader 76</a></i> (76th Bomber Wing) and brought to the United States through the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lusty" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Lusty">Operation Lusty</a>, on the deck of the Royal Navy's <a href="/wiki/HMS_Reaper_(D82)" title="HMS Reaper (D82)">HMS <i>Reaper</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">escort carrier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyne_p._184_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyne_p._184-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Reichskommissariat Norwegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordstern_(city)" title="Nordstern (city)">Nordstern (city)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See books by E.A. Steen, <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_R%C3%A6der" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudrun Ræder">Gudrun Ræder</a>, Johan O. Egeland</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. French Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Paul Reynaud</a>'s memoirs <i>In the Thick of the Fight</i> (1955) and <i>The Secret Papers of the French General Staff</i> (1940)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">World War II. (2009). In <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Retrieved 18 November 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/648813/World-War-II">https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/648813/World-War-II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBY-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TBY_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPetrow1974" class="citation book cs1">Petrow, Richard (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bitteryears00rich"><i>The Bitter Years</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780688002756" title="Special:BookSources/9780688002756"><bdi>9780688002756</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bitter+Years&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780688002756&rft.aulast=Petrow&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbitteryears00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prete145-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prete145_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prete145_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prete145_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreteIon1984" class="citation book cs1">Prete, Roy Arnold & Ion, A. Hamish (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EXE2uchaN3kC&pg=PA145"><i>Armies of Occupation</i></a>. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780889201569" title="Special:BookSources/9780889201569"><bdi>9780889201569</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armies+of+Occupation&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780889201569&rft.aulast=Prete&rft.aufirst=Roy+Arnold&rft.au=Ion%2C+A.+Hamish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEXE2uchaN3kC%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBMK_BRZ1940" class="citation book cs1">BMK BRZ (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/twi-40-04-26"><i>«The War Illustrated» № 34. 26.04.1940</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C2%ABThe+War+Illustrated%C2%BB+%E2%84%96+34.+26.04.1940&rft.date=1940&rft.au=BMK+BRZ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwi-40-04-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yerger, Mark C.:Allgemeine-SS: The Commands, Units and Leaders of the General SS, Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1997, pp. 43; 76 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7643-0145-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7643-0145-4">0-7643-0145-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klemann,_Hein_A_2011_p._403-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klemann,_Hein_A_2011_p._403_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klemann,_Hein_A_2011_p._403_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klemann & Kudryashov (2011) p.403</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150809114510/http://nyemeninger.no/alle_meninger/cat1000/subcat1028/thread312887/#post_312887">"Gjemt for tyskerne"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyemeninger.no/alle_meninger/cat1000/subcat1028/thread312887/">the original</a> on 9 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gjemt+for+tyskerne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyemeninger.no%2Falle_meninger%2Fcat1000%2Fsubcat1028%2Fthread312887%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorne2008" class="citation journal cs1">Thorne, Peter (2 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529208432169?journalCode=fint20">"Andrew Thorne and the Liberation of Norway"</a>. <i>Intelligence and National Security</i>. <b>7</b> (3). U.K. Intelligence and National Security: 300–316. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02684529208432169">10.1080/02684529208432169</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intelligence+and+National+Security&rft.atitle=Andrew+Thorne+and+the+Liberation+of+Norway&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=300-316&rft.date=2008-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02684529208432169&rft.aulast=Thorne&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F02684529208432169%3FjournalCode%3Dfint20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aktive-fredsreiser.no/administrasjon/tidsvitne_karl_haugan.htm">"Karl M. Haugan Politimannen som ble "buret inn bak piggtråd"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karl+M.+Haugan+Politimannen+som+ble+%22buret+inn+bak+piggtr%C3%A5d&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aktive-fredsreiser.no%2Fadministrasjon%2Ftidsvitne_karl_haugan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/1998/10/18/135348.html">14.000 «tyskertøser» internert etter krigen</a> (14 000 "Whores of Germans" held in custody after the war) Dagbladet (but NTB story), 18 October 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norgestack.se-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-norgestack.se_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-norgestack.se_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.norgestack.se/norges-tack/mottagandet-av-norska-flyktingar-32206812">"Mottagandet av norska flyktingar | Minnesstenen Norges tack"</a>. <i>MINNESSTENEN NORGES TACK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MINNESSTENEN+NORGES+TACK&rft.atitle=Mottagandet+av+norska+flyktingar+%7C+Minnesstenen+Norges+tack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.norgestack.se%2Fnorges-tack%2Fmottagandet-av-norska-flyktingar-32206812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/norway">"Norway"</a>. <i>Holocaust Encyclopedia</i>. US Holocaust Museum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Norway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fnorway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hhogman.se/polistrupperna.htm">"Militaria - Hans Högman"</a>. <i>www.hhogman.se</i> (in Swedish). 16 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126180450/http://www.hhogman.se/polistrupperna.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hhogman.se&rft.atitle=Militaria+-+Hans+H%C3%B6gman&rft.date=2021-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hhogman.se%2Fpolistrupperna.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johansson-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johansson_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohansson2007" class="citation book cs1">Johansson, Anders (2007). <i>Den glemte armé : i skyggen av hjemmefronten</i>. [Oslo]: Damm. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-04-13699-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-04-13699-2"><bdi>978-82-04-13699-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Den+glemte+arm%C3%A9+%3A+i+skyggen+av+hjemmefronten&rft.place=%5BOslo%5D&rft.pub=Damm&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-82-04-13699-2&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=Anders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lovdata.no/all/hl-18140517-000.html#97">"LOV 1814-05-17 nr 00: Kongeriget Norges Grundlov, given i Rigsforsamlingen paa Eidsvold den 17de Mai 1814"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LOV+1814-05-17+nr+00%3A+Kongeriget+Norges+Grundlov%2C+given+i+Rigsforsamlingen+paa+Eidsvold+den+17de+Mai+1814&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovdata.no%2Fall%2Fhl-18140517-000.html%2397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg.no/pub/vgart.hbs?artid=166207">VG 08.04.2006 <i>Tyske soldater brukt som mineryddere</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atvs.vg.no/player/?id=2887">Tvang tyskere til å løpe over minefelt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071128061447/http://atvs.vg.no/player/?id=2887">Archived</a> 2007-11-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> VG video sequence from documentary. VG 08.04.2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyne_p._184-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boyne_p._184_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyne 1982, p. 184.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boyne, Walter J. <i>The Aircraft Treasures of Silver Hill: The Behind-The-Scenes Workshop of Our Nation's Air Museums</i>. New York: Rawson Associates, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89256-216-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89256-216-9">978-0-89256-216-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlemannKudryashov2011" class="citation book cs1">Klemann, Hein A. M. & Kudryashov, Sergei (2011). <i>Occupied Economies: An Economic History of Nazi-Occupied Europe, 1939–1945</i>. London: Berg. p. 403. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-482-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-482-2"><bdi>978-1-84520-482-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Occupied+Economies%3A+An+Economic+History+of+Nazi-Occupied+Europe%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.pages=403&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-482-2&rft.aulast=Klemann&rft.aufirst=Hein+A.+M.&rft.au=Kudryashov%2C+Sergei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndenaesRisteSkodvin1966" class="citation book cs1">Andenaes, Johs; et al. (1966). <i>Norway and the Second World War</i>. Oslo: Grundt Tanum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norway+and+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Grundt+Tanum&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Andenaes&rft.aufirst=Johs&rft.au=Riste%2C+O.&rft.au=Skodvin%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahl1999" class="citation book cs1">Dahl, Hans Fredrik (1999). <i>Quisling: A Study in Treachery</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-49697-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-49697-7"><bdi>0-521-49697-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quisling%3A+A+Study+in+Treachery&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-49697-7&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=Hans+Fredrik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriis1965" class="citation book cs1">Friis, Erik J. (1965). "The Norwegian Government-In-Exile, 1940–45". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scandinavianstud00amer"><i>Scandinavian Studies. Essays Presented to Dr. Henry Goddard Leach on the Occasion of his Eighty-fifth Birthday</i></a></span>. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scandinavianstud00amer/page/422">422–444</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Norwegian+Government-In-Exile%2C+1940%E2%80%9345&rft.btitle=Scandinavian+Studies.+Essays+Presented+to+Dr.+Henry+Goddard+Leach+on+the+Occasion+of+his+Eighty-fifth+Birthday&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pages=422-444&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Friis&rft.aufirst=Erik+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscandinavianstud00amer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerrington2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Herrington, Ian (2004). <i>The Special Operations Executive in Norway 1940–1945: Policy and Operations in the Strategid and Political Context</i> (PhD thesis). De Montfort University, Leicester. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2086%2F2421">2086/2421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Special+Operations+Executive+in+Norway+1940%E2%80%931945%3A+Policy+and+Operations+in+the+Strategid+and+Political+Context&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=De+Montfort+University%2C+Leicester&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2086%2F2421&rft.aulast=Herrington&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKersaudy1998" class="citation book cs1">Kersaudy, Francois (1998). <i>Norway 1940</i>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-7787-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-7787-3"><bdi>0-8032-7787-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norway+1940&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8032-7787-3&rft.aulast=Kersaudy&rft.aufirst=Francois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2012" class="citation book cs1">Mann, Chris (2012). <i>British Policy and Strategy Towards Norway, 1941–45</i>. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-21022-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-21022-6"><bdi>978-0-230-21022-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Policy+and+Strategy+Towards+Norway%2C+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-21022-6&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisteNøkleby1970" class="citation book cs1">Riste, Olav & Nøkleby, Berit (1970). <i>Norway 1940–45: The Resistance Movement</i>. Oslo: Grundt Tanum.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norway+1940%E2%80%9345%3A+The+Resistance+Movement&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Grundt+Tanum&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Riste&rft.aufirst=Olav&rft.au=N%C3%B8kleby%2C+Berit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigness1970" class="citation book cs1">Vigness, Paul Gerhardt (1970). <i>The German Occupation of Norway</i>. New York: Vantage Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Occupation+of+Norway&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vantage+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Vigness&rft.aufirst=Paul+Gerhardt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiemke2000" class="citation book cs1">Ziemke, Earl F. (2000) [1960]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071230145455/http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_0.htm">"The German Decision to Invade Norway and Denmark"</a>. In Roberts Greenfield, Kent (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_0.htm"><i>Command Decisions</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">United States Army Center of Military History</a>. CMH Pub 70-7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_02.htm">the original</a> on 30 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+German+Decision+to+Invade+Norway+and+Denmark&rft.btitle=Command+Decisions&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Center+of+Military+History&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Ziemke&rft.aufirst=Earl+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fbooks%2F70-7_02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+occupation+of+Norway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Address_by_Joachim_von_Ribbentrop_to_diplomatic_and_press_representatives_in_Berlin_on_April_10,_1940,_explaining_the_German_invasion_of_Norway" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Address by Joachim von Ribbentrop to diplomatic and press representatives in Berlin on April 10, 1940, explaining the German invasion of Norway">Address by Joachim von Ribbentrop to diplomatic and press representatives in Berlin on April 10, 1940, explaining the German invasion of Norway</a></b></div></div></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Occupation_of_Norway_by_Nazi_Germany" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany">Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historicalresources.org/2008/10/03/declaration-for-the-purpose-of-establishing-similar-rules-of-neutrality-with-annexes-signed-at-stockholm-may-27th-1938-between-denmark-finland-iceland-norway-and-sweden/">Declaration for the Purpose of establishing Similar Rules of Neutrality, with Annexes. Between Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Template:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions in Nazi Germany and German occupations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_in_Nazi_Germany_and_German_occupations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative divisions in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and German occupations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany">Administrative<br />divisions of<br />Nazi Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gau_(territory)" title="Gau (territory)">Gaus</a></i></span> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Altreich_(pre-1938_Nazi_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altreich (pre-1938 Nazi Germany)">Altreich</a></i></span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Baden" title="Gau Baden">Baden-Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Bayreuth" title="Gau Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Berlin" title="Gau Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Cologne-Aachen" title="Gau Cologne-Aachen">Cologne–Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Gau Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Eastern_Hanover" title="Gau Eastern Hanover">Eastern Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_East_Prussia" title="Gau East Prussia">East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Electoral_Hesse" title="Gau Electoral Hesse">Electoral Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Essen" title="Gau Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Franconia" title="Gau Franconia">Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Halle-Merseburg" title="Gau Halle-Merseburg">Halle-Merseburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Hamburg" title="Gau Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Hesse-Nassau" title="Gau Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Lower_Silesia" title="Gau Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Magdeburg-Anhalt" title="Gau Magdeburg-Anhalt">Magdeburg-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Main_Franconia" title="Gau Main Franconia">Main Franconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_March_of_Brandenburg" title="Gau March of Brandenburg">March of Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Mecklenburg" title="Gau Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Moselland" title="Gau Moselland">Moselland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Munich-Upper_Bavaria" title="Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria">Munich–Upper Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSDAP/AO" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP/AO">NSDAP/AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Pomerania" title="Gau Pomerania">Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Saxony" title="Gau Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Gau Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Silesia" title="Gau Silesia">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Swabia" title="Gau Swabia">Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Southern_Hanover-Brunswick" title="Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick">Southern Hanover–Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Thuringia" title="Gau Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Upper_Silesia" title="Gau Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Weser-Ems" title="Gau Weser-Ems">Weser-Ems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westphalia-North" title="Gau Westphalia-North">Westphalia-North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westphalia-South" title="Gau Westphalia-South">Westphalia-South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_Westmark" title="Gau Westmark">Westmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Gau Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prinz-Eugen_Gau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prinz-Eugen Gau (page does not exist)">Prinz-Eugen</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsfestung_Belgrad" class="extiw" title="de:Reichsfestung Belgrad">Reichsfestung Belgrad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gau_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gau Holland (page does not exist)">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgaus</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Danzig-West_Prussia" title="Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia">Danzig–West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Sudetenland" title="Reichsgau Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wartheland" title="Reichsgau Wartheland">Wartheland</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austria_within_Nazi_Germany" title="Austria within Nazi Germany">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_K%C3%A4rnten" title="Reichsgau Kärnten">Carinthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Niederdonau" title="Reichsgau Niederdonau">Lower Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Oberdonau" title="Reichsgau Oberdonau">Upper Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Salzburg" title="Reichsgau Salzburg">Salzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Steiermark" title="Reichsgau Steiermark">Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Tirol-Vorarlberg" title="Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg">Tyrol–Vorarlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wien" title="Reichsgau Wien">Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Banat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Banat (page does not exist)">Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Beskidenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Beskidenland (page does not exist)">Beskidland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Brabant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Brabant (page does not exist)">Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Burgund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Burgund (page does not exist)">Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Flandern" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Flandern">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Galizien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Galizien (page does not exist)">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Gotenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Gotenland (page does not exist)">Gothland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Nordmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Nordmark (page does not exist)">Nordmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Vandalenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Vandalenland (page does not exist)">Vandalland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich#Role_of_Northern_Italy" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichsgau_Weichselland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichsgau Weichselland (page does not exist)">Vistulaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Wallonien" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgau Wallonien">Wallonia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Westland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">Gelderland and Overijssel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">North Holland and Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">South Holland and Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_(Nazi_propaganda)" title="Westland (Nazi propaganda)">North Brabant and Limburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Areas_annexed_by_Nazi_Germany" title="Areas annexed by Nazi Germany">Partial annexations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General_Government" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Galicia" title="District of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_District" title="Kraków District">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_District" title="Lublin District">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radom_District" title="Radom District">Radom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_District" title="Warsaw District">Warsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)#SS_State_of_Burgundy" title="New Order (Nazism)">Burgundy (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Province_of_Holland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Province of Holland (page does not exist)">Holland (SS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich#Role_of_Northern_Italy" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Lombardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">German<br />occupations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Civil_Administration" title="Chief of Civil Administration">Civil Administration Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Alsace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Alsace (page does not exist)">Alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Carinthia_and_Carniola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Carinthia and Carniola (page does not exist)">Carinthia and Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Gebiet_Bialystok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Gebiet Bialystok (page does not exist)">Gebiet Bialystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Administration_Area_of_Lorraine" title="Civil Administration Area of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Lower_Styria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Lower Styria (page does not exist)">Lower Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Administration_Area_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Administration Area of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Posen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Posen (page does not exist)">Posen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_the_Sudetenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of the Sudetenland (page does not exist)">Sudetenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_West_Prussia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of West Prussia (page does not exist)">West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civil_Administration_Area_of_Zichenau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civil Administration Area of Zichenau (page does not exist)">Zichenau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bezirk" title="Bezirk">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Founded" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bialystok_District" title="Bialystok District">Bialystok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Brussels" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Brussels">Brussels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Military Administration (Nazi Germany)">Military administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Rear_Area_Command" title="Army Group Rear Area Command">Army Group Rear Area Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Belgium_and_Northern_France" title="Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France">Belgium and Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia#Zones_of_influence" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite#Coastal_military_zone" title="Zone interdite">Atlantic Wall</a> ‧ <a href="/wiki/Zone_interdite#Zone_of_intended_German_settlement" title="Zone interdite">zone réservée</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Zone_of_Protection_in_Slovakia" title="German Zone of Protection in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece#The_German_occupation_zone" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_of_Luxembourg" title="Military Administration of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Poland" title="Military Administration in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banat_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Banat (1941–1944)">Banat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational Zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Adriatic_Littoral" title="Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral">Adriatic Littoral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana#The_German_period_(1943–1945)" title="Province of Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operational_Zone_of_the_Alpine_Foothills" title="Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills">Alpine Foothills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Puppet administrations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1#19th–20th_centuries" title="Aš">Asch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyss-Inquart_government" title="Seyss-Inquart government">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Second Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_Liberation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flemish Liberation Committee (page does not exist)">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Hungary)" title="Government of National Unity (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepel_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepel Republic (page does not exist)">Lepel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokot_Autonomy" title="Lokot Autonomy">Lokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Mussert" title="Anton Mussert">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias#World_War_II" title="Nias">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime#1940_coup" title="Quisling regime">Norway (Quisling I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Council_(Norway)" title="Administrative Council (Norway)">Norway (Administrative Council)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway (Quisling II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent State of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_Government" title="Commissioner Government">Serbia (Commissioner Government)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia (Council of Ministers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_national_government_(1941)" title="Ukrainian national government (1941)">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walloon_Liberation_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walloon Liberation Committee (page does not exist)">Wallonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuyev_Republic" title="Zuyev Republic">Zuyev Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Exiled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council#Exile" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_government-in-exile" title="Bulgarian government-in-exile">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cossack_Central_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cossack Central Office (page does not exist)">Cossackia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_enclave" title="Sigmaringen enclave">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)#Exile_and_trial" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Unity_(Hungary)" title="Government of National Unity (Hungary)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-occupied_territory_of_Montenegro" title="German-occupied territory of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horia_Sima#Exile" title="Horia Sima">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Liberation Movement">Russia (ODNR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Peoples_of_Russia" title="Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia">Russia (KONR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation#After_the_war" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)#End" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiesta%C5%84ski_Komitet_Narodowy" class="extiw" title="pl:Turkiestański Komitet Narodowy">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Committee" title="Ukrainian National Committee">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaamsche_Landsleiding" class="extiw" title="nl:Vlaamsche Landsleiding">Wallonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism_and_World_War_II" title="Breton nationalism and World War II">Brittany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat" title="Reichskommissariat">Reichskommissariats</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_of_Belgium_and_Northern_France" title="Reichskommissariat of Belgium and Northern France">Belgium and Northern France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Niederlande" title="Reichskommissariat Niederlande">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Ostland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Kaukasien" title="Reichskommissariat Kaukasien">Caucasia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichskommissariat_Don-Wolga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichskommissariat Don-Wolga (page does not exist)">Don-Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Moskowien" title="Reichskommissariat Moskowien">Muscovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Turkestan" title="Reichskommissariat Turkestan">Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichskommissariat_Ural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichskommissariat Ural (page does not exist)">Ural</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_and_occupation_of_Monaco_during_World_War_II#The_German_occupation_(September_9,_1943_-_September_3,_1944)" title="Invasion and occupation of Monaco during World War II">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Marino" title="Battle of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Founded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Station_Kurt" title="Weather Station Kurt">Weather Station Kurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schatzgr%C3%A4ber_(weather_station)" title="Schatzgräber (weather station)">Schatzgräber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holzauge" title="Holzauge">Holzauge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassgeiger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassgeiger (page does not exist)">Bassgeiger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edelweiss_base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edelweiss base (page does not exist)">Edelweiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e5e5e5;;width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordstern_(city)" title="Nordstern (city)">Nordstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a> <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">holiday resorts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_World_War_II_by_region_and_country" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWII_history_by_nation" title="Template:WWII history by nation"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_history_by_nation" title="Template talk:WWII history by nation"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWII_history_by_nation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWII history by nation"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_World_War_II_by_region_and_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">History of World War II by region and country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo_in_World_War_II" title="Belgian Congo in World War II">Belgian Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_in_World_War_II" title="Egypt in World War II">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Ethiopia" title="Italian Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Somaliland_in_World_War_II" title="French Somaliland in World War II">French Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_in_World_War_II" title="The Gambia in World War II">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_in_World_War_II" title="Gold Coast in World War II">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_in_World_War_II" title="Kenya in World War II">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_in_World_War_II" title="Liberia in World War II">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco_in_World_War_II" title="Morocco in World War II">Morocco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasaland_in_World_War_II" title="Nyasaland in World War II">Nyasaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_El_Salvador#World_War_II" title="Military dictatorship in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_in_World_War_II" title="Greenland in World War II">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_during_World_War_II" title="Arizona during World War II">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_during_World_War_II" title="California during World War II">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_during_World_War_II" title="Nevada during World War II">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="New Mexico during World War II">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_and_World_War_II" title="Native Americans and World War II">Native Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina_during_World_War_II" title="Argentina during World War II">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_during_World_War_II" title="Latin America during World War II">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_during_World_War_II" title="Suriname during World War II">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay_during_World_War_II" title="Uruguay during World War II">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela_during_World_War_II" title="Venezuela during World War II">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_in_World_War_II" title="Ceylon in World War II">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchuria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_West_Sumatra" title="Japanese occupation of West Sumatra">West Sumatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Cambodia" title="Japanese occupation of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia_in_World_War_II" title="Mongolia in World War II">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_in_World_War_II" title="Nepal in World War II">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey#Politics_of_World_War_II" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_World_War_II" title="Estonia in World War II">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of France during World War II">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Basque_Country" title="World War II in the Basque Country">Basque Country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia_during_World_War_II" title="Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II">Carpathian Ruthenia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_World_War_II" title="Iceland in World War II">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Latvia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Latvia during World War II">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liechtenstein#World_War_II" title="History of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_during_World_War_II" title="Slovakia during World War II">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_World_War_II" title="Azerbaijan in World War II">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussia_in_World_War_II" title="Byelorussia in World War II">Byelorussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Ukraine#World_War_II" title="Modern history of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Basque_Country" title="World War II in the Basque Country">Basque Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalonia_and_World_War_II" title="Catalonia and World War II">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_and_World_War_II" title="Galicia and World War II">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the World Wars">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Gibraltar_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Gibraltar during World War II">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_the_Slovene_Lands" title="World War II in the Slovene Lands">Slovenia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Oceania and<br /> Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica_during_World_War_II" title="Antarctica during World War II">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_New_Guinea" title="Japanese occupation of New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Pacific Islands home front during World War II">Pacific Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leaders</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul"><i>Keelhaul</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><i>Osoaviakhim</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip"><i>Paperclip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sexual violence</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">German prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soviet prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage"><i>Cottage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest"><i>Tempest</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go"><i>Ichi-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings"><i>Neptune</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow"><i>Crossbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><i>Pointblank</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Norway_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Norway_topics" title="Template:Norway topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Norway_topics" title="Template talk:Norway topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Norway_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Norway topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Norway_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway" title="History of Norway">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Stone_Age" title="Nordic Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petty_kingdoms_of_Norway" title="Petty kingdoms of Norway">Petty kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Norway" title="Unification of Norway">Unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#Norway_in_the_High_Middle_Ages_(1066–1380)" title="History of Norway">High Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)" title="Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)">Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_Kingdom_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary Kingdom of Norway">Hereditary Kingdom of Norway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_(1814)" title="Kingdom of Norway (1814)">Kingdom of Norway (1814)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">Sweden–Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_union_between_Norway_and_Sweden" title="Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden">End of the union</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Norwegen" title="Reichskommissariat Norwegen">Reichskommissariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Quisling regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_government-in-exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian government-in-exile">Norwegian government-in-exile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#Postwar" title="History of Norway">1945–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway#21st_century" title="History of Norway">21st century</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway" title="Coat of arms of Norway"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="909" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Norway" title="Geography of Norway">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Norway#Climate" title="Geography of Norway">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Norway" title="Districts of Norway">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Norway" title="Extreme points of Norway">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Norway" title="List of islands of Norway">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Norway" title="List of lakes of Norway">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Norway" title="List of mammals of Norway">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Norway_by_height" title="List of mountains in Norway by height">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Norway" title="List of towns and cities in Norway">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Norway" title="Protected areas of Norway">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Norway" title="List of rivers of Norway">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Norway" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Norway">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Norway" title="Politics of Norway">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Norway" title="Administrative divisions of Norway">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_budget_of_Norway" title="State budget of Norway">National budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Norway" title="Constitution of Norway">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Correctional_Service" title="Norwegian Correctional Service">Correctional Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_justice_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts of justice of Norway">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Norway" title="Elections in Norway">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Norway" title="Foreign relations of Norway">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_governments" title="List of Norwegian governments">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_Norway" title="Incarceration in Norway">Incarceration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Norway">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Service" title="Norwegian Police Service">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Norway" title="List of political parties in Norway">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Norway_ties" title="Template:Norway ties">Membership of International organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Norway" title="Economy of Norway">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Norway" title="Energy in Norway">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing_in_Norway" title="Category:Fishing in Norway">Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Pension_Fund_of_Norway" title="Government Pension Fund of Norway">Government Pension Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_in_Norway" title="Category:Industry in Norway">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Norway" title="Category:Mining in Norway">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_industry_in_Norway" title="Category:Natural gas industry in Norway">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">Krone <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norges_Bank" title="Norges Bank">National bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_paradox" title="Norwegian paradox">Norwegian paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_in_Norway" title="Category:Oil fields in Norway">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Norway" title="Renewable energy in Norway">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Stock_Exchange" title="Oslo Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Norway" title="Taxation in Norway">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Norway" title="Telecommunications in Norway">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Norway" title="Tourism in Norway">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Norway" title="Trade unions in Norway">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Norway" title="Transport in Norway">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Norway" title="Whaling in Norway">Whaling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Norway" title="Category:Society of Norway">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Norway" title="Climate change in Norway">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Norway" title="Crime in Norway">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Norway" title="Demographics of Norway">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Norway" title="Education in Norway">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Norway" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Norway">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Norway" title="Health in Norway">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Norway" title="Immigration to Norway">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_Norway" title="Incarceration in Norway">Incarceration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Norway" title="Irreligion in Norway">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language_conflict" title="Norwegian language conflict">language conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Norway" title="Pensions in Norway">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Norway" title="Poverty in Norway">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Norway">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Norway" title="Culture of Norway">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Norway" title="Architecture of Norway">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_art" title="Norwegian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunad" title="Bunad"><i>Bunad</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(clothing)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Norway" title="Christmas in Norway"><i>Christmas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(season)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_cuisine" title="Norwegian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jante" title="Law of Jante">Jante law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Norway" title="Music of Norway">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_literature" title="Norwegian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Norway">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Norway" title="Prostitution in Norway">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Norway" title="Public holidays in Norway">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Norway" title="Category:Sport in Norway">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationalism" title="Norwegian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_romantic_nationalism" title="Norwegian romantic nationalism">Romantic nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ja,_vi_elsker_dette_landet" title="Ja, vi elsker dette landet">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway" title="Coat of arms of Norway">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_flags" title="List of Norwegian flags">Flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Norway" title="Flag of Norway">national flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mottos_of_Norwegian_institutions" title="Mottos of Norwegian institutions">Mottos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Name of Norway">Name of Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Norway" title="Outline of Norway">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Norway" title="Category:Norway">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Norway" title="Portal:Norway">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q819274#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85092680">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536114105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&oldid=1253984544">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&oldid=1253984544</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_occupation_of_Norway" title="Category:German occupation of Norway">German occupation of Norway</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2024">Articles with dead external links from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" title="Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)">CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2009" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2009">Articles needing additional references from August 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Norwegian_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from Norwegian Wikipedia">Articles needing translation from Norwegian Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2018">Use dmy dates from May 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 October 2024, at 21:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_occupation_of_Norway&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-v4897","wgBackendResponseTime":132,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.374","walltime":"1.848","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10606,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":484840,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":38854,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":44,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":141574,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1485.567 1 -total"," 12.58% 186.830 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.13% 165.394 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 9.41% 139.838 5 Template:Lang"," 9.29% 138.018 13 Template:Cite_book"," 8.85% 131.535 1 Template:Norway_topics"," 8.72% 129.493 1 Template:Country_topics"," 8.68% 128.920 2 Template:Ambox"," 7.46% 110.760 13 Template:Navbox"," 7.16% 106.427 2 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.721","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20247992,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-j2jfp","timestamp":"20241123053007","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"German occupation of Norway","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_occupation_of_Norway","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q819274","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q819274","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-03-13T23:59:12Z","dateModified":"2024-10-28T21:36:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/32\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-759-0139N-28A%2C_Norwegen%2C_Oslo%2C_deutsche_Offiziere_vor_Nationaltheater.jpg","headline":"Nazi occupation of Norway during World War II"}</script> </body> </html>