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Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 kalbų</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ترجمة اقتراضية – arabų" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترجمة اقتراضية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalka_(dil%C3%A7ilik)" title="Kalka (dilçilik) – azerbaidžaniečių" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalka (dilçilik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžaniečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Калька (лексіка) – baltarusių" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калька (лексіка)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltarusių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Калькаваньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Калькаваньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Калка – bulgarų" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drevezadenn_(yezhoniezh)" title="Drevezadenn (yezhoniezh) – bretonų" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Drevezadenn (yezhoniezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calc_sem%C3%A0ntic" title="Calc semàntic – katalonų" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calc semàntic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalk" title="Kalk – čekų" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kalk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfieithiad_benthyg" title="Cyfieithiad benthyg – valų" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfieithiad benthyg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overs%C3%A6ttelsesl%C3%A5n" title="Oversættelseslån – danų" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oversættelseslån" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehn%C3%BCbersetzung" title="Lehnübersetzung – vokiečių" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lehnübersetzung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vokiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque" title="Calque – anglų" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Calque" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%ADso" title="Paŭso – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paŭso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calco_sem%C3%A1ntico" title="Calco semántico – ispanų" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calco semántico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B5lkelaen" title="Tõlkelaen – estų" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tõlkelaen" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalko" title="Kalko – baskų" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گرته‌برداری – persų" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرته‌برداری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque_(linguistique)" title="Calque (linguistique) – prancūzų" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calque (linguistique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prancūzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lienfertaling" title="Lienfertaling – vakarų fryzų" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lienfertaling" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vakarų fryzų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomaistri%C3%BAch%C3%A1n" title="Lomaistriúchán – airių" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lomaistriúchán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="airių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calco_l%C3%A9xico" title="Calco léxico – galisų" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calco léxico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="תרגום שאילה – hebrajų" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרגום שאילה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevedenice" title="Prevedenice – kroatų" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prevedenice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCk%C3%B6rford%C3%ADt%C3%A1s" title="Tükörfordítás – vengrų" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tükörfordítás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="vengrų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Պատճենում (լեզվաբանություն) – armėnų" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պատճենում (լեզվաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calco" title="Calco – tarpinė" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Calco" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="tarpinė" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjam_terjemah" title="Pinjam terjemah – indoneziečių" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pinjam terjemah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6ku%C3%BE%C3%BD%C3%B0ing" title="Tökuþýðing – islandų" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tökuþýðing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calco_linguistico" title="Calco linguistico – italų" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calco linguistico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E5%80%9F%E7%94%A8" title="翻訳借用 – japonų" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="翻訳借用" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C5%A9kio" title="Mbũkio – kikujų" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mbũkio" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikujų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Калька – kazachų" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калька" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD%EC%B0%A8%EC%9A%A9" title="번역차용 – korėjiečių" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="번역차용" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korėjiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Калька лексикологияда – kirgizų" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калька лексикологияда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalks" title="Kalks – latvių" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Преведеница – makedonų" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Преведеница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="കാൽക് – malajalių" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൽക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjam_terjemah" title="Pinjam terjemah – malajiečių" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pinjam terjemah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leenvertaling" title="Leenvertaling – olandų" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leenvertaling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importord" title="Importord – naujoji norvegų" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Importord" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="naujoji norvegų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalka_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Kalka (językoznawstwo) – lenkų" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalka (językoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lenkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque" title="Calque – portugalų" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calc_(lingvistic%C4%83)" title="Calc (lingvistică) – rumunų" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calc (lingvistică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Калька (лингвистика) – rusų" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калька (лингвистика)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Калька – rusinų" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Калька" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalk" title="Kalk – slovakų" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kalk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalk" title="Kalk – slovėnų" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovėnų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huazimi_kalk" title="Huazimi kalk – albanų" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Huazimi kalk" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalk" title="Kalk – serbų" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kalk" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96yk%C3%BCnt%C3%BC" title="Öyküntü – turkų" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Öyküntü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Калька (мовознавство) – ukrainiečių" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калька (мовознавство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainiečių" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalka" title="Kalka – uzbekų" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kalka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%BF%E8%AF%91" title="仿译 – kinų" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="仿译" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinų" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chioh-e%CC%8Dk" title="Chioh-e̍k – kinų kalbos pietų minų tarmė" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chioh-e̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="kinų kalbos pietų minų tarmė" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q204826#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Keisti tarpkalbines nuorodas" class="wbc-editpage">Keisti nuorodas</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Vardų sritys"> <div 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</ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bendra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Kas_%C4%AF_%C4%8Dia_rodo/Vertinys" title="Viki puslapių sąrašas, kuris nurodo čia [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Susiję straipsniai</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Pakeitimai_susijusiuose_puslapiuose/Vertinys" rel="nofollow" title="Paskutiniai keitimai puslapiuose, pasiekiamuose iš šio puslapio [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Susiję keitimai</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Specialieji_puslapiai" title="Specialiųjų puslapių sąrašas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialieji puslapiai</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertinys&oldid=7341498" title="Nuolatinė nuoroda į šią 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Spausdinti/eksportuoti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Vertinys"><span>Kurti knygą</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Vertinys&action=show-download-screen"><span>Parsisiųsti kaip PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertinys&printable=yes" title="Šio puslapio versija spausdinimui [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versija spausdinimui</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kituose projektuose </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q204826" title="Nuoroda į susietą duomenų saugyklos įrašą [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiduomenys įrašas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Išvaizda"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Išvaizda</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslėpti</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Straipsnis iš Vikipedijos, laisvosios enciklopedijos.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lt" dir="ltr"><p><b>Vertinys</b> (arba <b>kalkė</b> < <a href="/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABz%C5%B3_kalba" title="Prancūzų kalba">pranc.</a> <i>calque</i> 'kopija')<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDodis" title="Žodis">žodis</a> arba žodžių junginys, kurio <a href="/wiki/Morfologija_(kalbotyra)" title="Morfologija (kalbotyra)">morfologinė</a> arba <a href="/wiki/Semantika" title="Semantika">semantinė</a> struktūra sudaryta pagal kokios nors kitos kalbos pavyzdį, paprastai pažodžiui verčiant tos svetimos kalbos žodžio ar sakinio sudedamąsias dalis. Sakykime, <a href="/wiki/Angl%C5%B3_kalba" title="Anglų kalba">anglų kalbos</a> žodžio <i>skyscraper</i> pavyzdžiu sudaryti <a href="/wiki/Vokie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Vokiečių kalba">vokiečių kalbos</a> <i>Wolkenkratzer</i>, <a href="/wiki/Lietuvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lietuvių kalba">lietuvių kalbos</a> <i>dangoraižis</i>, <a href="/wiki/Latvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Latvių kalba">latvių kalbos</a> <i>debesskrāpis</i>, <a href="/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba">rusų kalbos</a> <i>небоскрёб</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Išskiriami keleto tipų vertiniai:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leksika" title="Leksika">Leksinis</a> vertinys – žodis, gaunamas <a href="/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema">morfemų</a> lygmeniu verčiant svetimos kalbos žodžius, žodžių dūrinius, jiems suteikiant šaltinio kalbos reikšmę: <a href="/wiki/Lotyn%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lotynų kalba">lot.</a> <i>impressio</i> – <a href="/wiki/Lietuvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lietuvių kalba">liet.</a> <i>įspūdis</i>, <a href="/wiki/Vokie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Vokiečių kalba">vok.</a> <i>Eindruck</i>, <a href="/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba">rus.</a> <i>впечатление</i>, <a href="/wiki/Latvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Latvių kalba">latv.</a> <i>iespaids</i>. Tam tikrais atvejais gali būti verčiama tik dūrinio dalis: <a href="/wiki/Angl%C5%B3_kalba" title="Anglų kalba">angl.</a> <i>workaholic</i> – <a href="/wiki/Lietuvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lietuvių kalba">liet.</a> <i>darboholikas</i>, <a href="/wiki/Latvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Latvių kalba">latv.</a> <i>darbaholiķis</i>, <a href="/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba">rus.</a> <i>трудоголик</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantika" title="Semantika">Semantinis</a> vertinys – daugiaprasmių žodžių semantinis variantas (žodžio reikšmė), kuri atsiranda dėl svetimos kalbos žodžio reikšmės įtakos: dėl <a href="/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba">rus.</a> <i>подчеркнуть</i> radosi liet. k. žodžio <i>pabrėžti</i> reikšmė 'akcentuoti'.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazeologizmas" title="Frazeologizmas">Frazeologinis</a> vertinys – pažodžiui išversti kitų kalbų posakiai: <a href="/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba">rus.</a> <i>целый ряд</i> – <a href="/wiki/Lietuvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lietuvių kalba">liet.</a> <i>visa eilė</i> (nevartotinas posakis)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'daug, daugelis, daugybė', <a href="/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba">rus.</a> <i>выйти из строя</i> – <a href="/wiki/Lietuvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lietuvių kalba">liet.</a> <i>išeiti iš rikiuotės</i> 'nustoti veikti, sugesti'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintaks%C4%97" title="Sintaksė">Sintaksės</a> vertinys<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – reiškinys, kai sakinio konstrukcija įgyja kitai kalbai būdingą sakinio struktūrą: <a href="/wiki/Rus%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusų kalba">rus.</a> <i>радуюсь за тебя</i> – <a href="/wiki/Lietuvi%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lietuvių kalba">liet.</a> <i>džiaugiuosi už tave</i> (nevartotina)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'džiaugiuosi dėl tavęs; džiaugiuosi tavimi'.</li></ul> <p>Prasti, nevartotini vertiniai vadinami <i>vertalais</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Išnašos"><span id="I.C5.A1na.C5.A1os"></span>Išnašos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertinys&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redaguoti skyrelį: Išnašos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaguoti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertinys&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Išnašos"><span>redaguoti vikitekstą</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7182515">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/vertinys/">„Vertinys“</a>. <a href="/wiki/VLE" class="mw-redirect" title="VLE">VLE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nuoroda tikrinta <span class="nowrap">2024-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vertinys&rft.pub=VLE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fvertinys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3AVertinys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://termini.lza.lv/term.php?term=kalks&list=kalks&lang=LV">Akadēmiskā terminu datubāze</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Knapp, Robbin D. 27 January 2011. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://germanenglishwords.com/">Robb: German English Words</a>. " <i>Robb: Human Languages</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208171217/http://liis.lv/latval/Darbinieki/Freimane/112.htm">Kalkēšana kā viena no centrālajām valodas prakses problēmām.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206134616/http://www.vlkk.lt/konsultacijos/4073-eile">„Ar taisyklingas sakinys „Visa eilė darbuotojų gavo premijas“?“</a>. Suarchyvuotas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vlkk.lt/konsultacijos/4073-eile">originalas</a> 2021-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nuoroda tikrinta <span class="nowrap">2020-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ar+taisyklingas+sakinys+%E2%80%9EVisa+eil%C4%97+darbuotoj%C5%B3+gavo+premijas%E2%80%9C%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlkk.lt%2Fkonsultacijos%2F4073-eile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3AVertinys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100227083754/http://www.liis.lv/latval/teksts/teksts7.htm">„Konstrukciju kalki“</a>. Suarchyvuotas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liis.lv/latval/teksts/teksts7.htm">originalas</a> 2010-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nuoroda tikrinta <span class="nowrap">2020-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Konstrukciju+kalki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liis.lv%2Flatval%2Fteksts%2Fteksts7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3AVertinys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vlkk.lt/konsultacijos/6538-dziaugtis-uz?lang=lt">Ar taisyklingas pasakymas „džiaugtis už“?</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Vikipedija:I%C5%A1orin%C4%97s_nuorodos" title="Vikipedija:Išorinės nuorodos">[neveikianti nuoroda]</a></sup>. Nuoroda tikrinta 2024-06-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7182515"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lietuviuzodynas.lt/zodynas/Vertalas">„Vertalas“</a>. lietuviuzodynas.lt<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nuoroda tikrinta <span class="nowrap">2021-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vertalas&rft.pub=lietuviuzodynas.lt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lietuviuzodynas.lt%2Fzodynas%2FVertalas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Flt.wikipedia.org%3AVertinys" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rodomas puslapis "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vertinys&oldid=7341498">https://lt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vertinys&oldid=7341498</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialus:Kategorijos" title="Specialus:Kategorijos">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Kalbotyra" title="Kategorija:Kalbotyra">Kalbotyra</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Paslėpta kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Straipsniai_su_neveikian%C4%8Diomis_nuorodomis" title="Kategorija:Straipsniai su neveikiančiomis nuorodomis">Straipsniai su neveikiančiomis nuorodomis</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šis puslapis paskutinį kartą keistas 28 liepos 2024 05:59.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekstas pateikiamas pagal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike Licenciją</a>; gali būti taikomos papildomos sąlygos. 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