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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Motif (music)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89)" title="تعزيز (موسيقى) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعزيز (موسيقى)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiu_musical" title="Motiu musical – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Motiu musical" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BA)" title="Мотив (мусăк) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мотив (мусăк)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiv_(hudba)" title="Motiv (hudba) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Motiv (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiv_(musik)" title="Motiv (musik) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Motiv (musik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiv_(Musik)" title="Motiv (Musik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Motiv (Musik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiiv_(muusika)" title="Motiiv (muusika) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Motiiv (muusika)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivo_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Motivo (música) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motivo (música)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivo_(muziko)" title="Motivo (muziko) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Motivo (muziko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%81_(%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C)" title="موتیف (موسیقی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتیف (موسیقی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif_(musique)" title="Motif (musique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Motif (musique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivo_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Motivo (música) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Motivo (música)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EA%B8%B0_(%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85)" title="동기 (음악) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동기 (음악)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BE_(%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Մոտիվ (երաժշտություն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոտիվ (երաժշտություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei%C3%B0arminni" title="Leiðarminni – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leiðarminni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91_(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="מוטיב (מוזיקה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוטיב (מוזיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif_(muzik)" title="Motif (muzik) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Motif (muzik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA" title="မိုတီးဖ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုတီးဖ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motief_(muziek)" title="Motief (muziek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Motief (muziek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD)" title="モチーフ (音楽) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モチーフ (音楽)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiv_(musikk)" title="Motiv (musikk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Motiv (musikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiv_i_musikk" title="Motiv i musikk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Motiv i musikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiv" title="Motiv – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Motiv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motyw_(muzyka)" title="Motyw (muzyka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Motyw (muzyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivo_(m%C3%BAsica)" title="Motivo (música) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Motivo (música)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Мотив (музыка) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мотив (музыка)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Мотив (музика) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мотив (музика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiivi_(musiikki)" title="Motiivi (musiikki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Motiivi (musiikki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நாதம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Мотив (музика) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мотив (музика)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%82%E6%83%B3" title="樂想 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="樂想" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA_(%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90)" title="动机 (音乐) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="动机 (音乐)" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Short recurring musical phrase</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">Leitmotif</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Motif_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Motif (disambiguation)">Motif (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FuenfteDeckblatt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/FuenfteDeckblatt.png/280px-FuenfteDeckblatt.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/FuenfteDeckblatt.png/420px-FuenfteDeckblatt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/FuenfteDeckblatt.png/560px-FuenfteDeckblatt.png 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Fifth Symphony</a>, a four-note figure becomes the most important motif of the work, extended melodically and harmonically to provide the main <a href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">theme</a> of the first <a href="/wiki/Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">movement</a>. <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ee\/Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg\/Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg/Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg" title="File:Beet5mov1bars1to5.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sibelius_-_Finlandia,_Op._26_opening_motive.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Sibelius_-_Finlandia%2C_Op._26_opening_motive.png/220px-Sibelius_-_Finlandia%2C_Op._26_opening_motive.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Sibelius_-_Finlandia%2C_Op._26_opening_motive.png/330px-Sibelius_-_Finlandia%2C_Op._26_opening_motive.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0d/Sibelius_-_Finlandia%2C_Op._26_opening_motive.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>Two note opening motif from <a href="/wiki/Jean_Sibelius" title="Jean Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/transcoded\/c\/c3\/Sibelius_-_Finlandia%2C_Op._26_opening_motive.mid\/Sibelius_-_Finlandia%2C_Op._26_opening_motive.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sibelius - Finlandia, Op. 26 opening motive.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/c/c3/Sibelius_-_Finlandia%2C_Op._26_opening_motive.mid/Sibelius_-_Finlandia%2C_Op._26_opening_motive.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Sibelius_-_Finlandia,_Op._26_opening_motive.mid" title="File:Sibelius - Finlandia, Op. 26 opening motive.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Machaut_-_Mass_motive.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Machaut_-_Mass_motive.png/220px-Machaut_-_Mass_motive.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Machaut_-_Mass_motive.png/330px-Machaut_-_Mass_motive.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Machaut_-_Mass_motive.png/440px-Machaut_-_Mass_motive.png 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption>Motif from <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Machaut" title="Guillaume de Machaut">Machaut</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Messe_de_Nostre_Dame" title="Messe de Nostre Dame">Mass</a>, notable for its length of seven notes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/51\/Machaut_-_Mass_motive.mid\/Machaut_-_Mass_motive.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Machaut - Mass motive.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/Machaut_-_Mass_motive.mid/Machaut_-_Mass_motive.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Machaut_-_Mass_motive.mid" title="File:Machaut - Mass motive.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravel_-_String_Quartet,_mov._I_motive.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.png/220px-Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.png/330px-Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.png/440px-Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.png 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>Motif from <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Ravel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_(Ravel)" title="String Quartet (Ravel)">String Quartet</a>, first movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197630_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197630-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/16\/Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.mid\/Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ravel - String Quartet, mov. I motive.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.mid/Ravel_-_String_Quartet%2C_mov._I_motive.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravel_-_String_Quartet,_mov._I_motive.mid" title="File:Ravel - String Quartet, mov. I motive.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p><br /> In <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, a <b>motif</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b1\/En-us-motif.ogg\/En-us-motif.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-motif.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-us-motif.ogg/En-us-motif.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-motif.ogg" title="File:En-us-motif.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>) or <b>motive</b> is a short musical idea,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Salience_(neuroscience)" title="Salience (neuroscience)">salient</a> recurring <a href="/wiki/Figure_(music)" title="Figure (music)">figure</a>, musical fragment or succession of notes that has some special importance in or is characteristic of a <a href="/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">composition</a>. The motif is the smallest structural unit possessing <a href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">thematic</a> identity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motif_(music)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_de_la_Pl%C3%A9iade" title="Bibliothèque de la Pléiade">Encyclopédie de la Pléiade</a></i></span> defines a motif as a "melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic <a href="/wiki/Cell_(music)" title="Cell (music)">cell</a>", whereas the 1958 <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Encyclopédie Fasquelle</i></span> maintains that it may contain one or more cells, though it remains the smallest analyzable element or phrase within a <a href="/wiki/Subject_(music)" title="Subject (music)">subject</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commonly regarded as the shortest subdivision of a <a href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">theme</a> or <a href="/wiki/Phrase_(music)" title="Phrase (music)">phrase</a> that still maintains its identity as a musical idea. "The smallest <a href="/wiki/Structural_unit" title="Structural unit">structural unit</a> possessing thematic identity".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">Grove</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Larousse" title="Éditions Larousse">Larousse</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also agree that the motif may have harmonic, melodic and/or rhythmic aspects, Grove adding that it "is most often thought of in melodic terms, and it is this aspect of the motif that is connoted by the term 'figure'." </p><p>A harmonic motif is a series of <a href="/wiki/Chord_(music)" title="Chord (music)">chords</a> defined in the abstract, that is, without reference to melody or rhythm. A melodic motif is a <a href="/wiki/Melodic_formula" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodic formula">melodic formula</a>, established without reference to <a href="/wiki/Interval_(music)" title="Interval (music)">intervals</a>. A rhythmic motif is the term designating a characteristic rhythmic formula, an abstraction drawn from the rhythmic values of a melody. </p><p>A motif <a href="/wiki/Theme_(literary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (literary)">thematically</a> associated with a person, place, or idea is called a <a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">leitmotif</a> or <i>idée fixe</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally such a motif is a <a href="/wiki/Musical_cryptogram" title="Musical cryptogram">musical cryptogram</a> of the name involved. A <a href="#head-motif">head-motif</a> (German: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kopfmotiv</i></span>) is a musical idea at the opening of a set of movements which serves to unite those movements. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a>, however, suggests that a motif is distinguished from a <a href="/wiki/Figure_(music)" title="Figure (music)">figure</a> in that a motif is foreground while a figure is background: "A figure resembles a moulding in architecture: it is 'open at both ends', so as to be endlessly repeatable. In hearing a phrase as a figure, rather than a motif, we are at the same time placing it in the background, even if it is...strong and melodious".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScruton1997_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScruton1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Any motif may be used to construct complete <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">themes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piece_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piece (music)">pieces</a>. <a href="/wiki/Musical_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical development">Musical development</a> uses a distinct musical figure that is subsequently altered, repeated, or sequenced throughout a piece or section of a piece of music, guaranteeing its unity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motif_(music)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.PNG/610px-Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.PNG" decoding="async" width="610" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.PNG/915px-Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>A phrase originally presented as a motif may become a <a href="/wiki/Figure_(music)" title="Figure (music)">figure</a> which accompanies another <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a>, as in the second movement of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_(Debussy)" title="String Quartet (Debussy)">String Quartet</a> (1893).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScruton1997_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScruton1997-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/05\/Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.mid\/Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Debussy String Quartet second movement opening.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.mid/Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Debussy_String_Quartet_second_movement_opening.mid" title="File:Debussy String Quartet second movement opening.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> White would classify the accompaniment as motivic material since it was, "derived from an important motive stated earlier".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197631–34_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197631–34-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Such motivic development has its roots in the keyboard <a href="/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">sonatas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti" title="Domenico Scarlatti">Domenico Scarlatti</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">sonata form</a> of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart's</a> age. Arguably <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a> achieved the highest elaboration of this technique; the famous "fate motif" —the pattern of three short notes followed by one long one—that opens his <a href="/wiki/Beethoven%27s_Fifth_Symphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven's Fifth Symphony">Fifth Symphony</a> and reappears throughout the work in surprising and refreshing permutations is a classic example. </p><p>Motivic saturation is the "immersion of a musical motif in a composition", i.e., keeping motifs and themes below the surface or playing with their identity, and has been used by composers including <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Gideon" title="Miriam Gideon">Miriam Gideon</a>, as in "Night is my Sister" (1952) and "Fantasy on a Javanese Motif" (1958), and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Erb" title="Donald Erb">Donald Erb</a>. The use of motifs is discussed in <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Weiss" title="Adolph Weiss">Adolph Weiss</a>' "The Lyceum of Schönberg".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motif_(music)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bad_guy_riff.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bad_guy_riff.png/220px-Bad_guy_riff.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bad_guy_riff.png/330px-Bad_guy_riff.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bad_guy_riff.png/440px-Bad_guy_riff.png 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mysterioso_Pizzicato" title="Mysterioso Pizzicato">"Curse" motif</a> from film scores, associated with villains and ominous situations. <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2e\/Mysterioso_Pizzicato.mid\/Mysterioso_Pizzicato.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mysterioso Pizzicato.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/Mysterioso_Pizzicato.mid/Mysterioso_Pizzicato.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mysterioso_Pizzicato.mid" title="File:Mysterioso Pizzicato.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Riemann" title="Hugo Riemann">Hugo Riemann</a> defines a motif as "the concrete content of a rhythmically basic time-unit."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anton_Webern" title="Anton Webern">Anton Webern</a> defines a motif as, "the smallest independent particle in a musical idea", which are recognizable through their repetition.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg" title="Arnold Schoenberg">Arnold Schoenberg</a> defines a motif as, "a unit which contains one or more features of interval and rhythm [whose] presence is maintained in constant use throughout a piece".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Head-motif">Head-motif</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motif_(music)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Head-motif"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Head_motif"></span><span class="anchor" id="head-motif"></span><span class="anchor" id="Head-motif"></span> <b>Head-motif</b> (German: <i>Kopfmotiv</i>) refers to an opening musical idea of a set of <a href="/wiki/Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">movements</a> which serves to unite those movements. It may also be called a <a href="/wiki/Motto_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Motto (disambiguation)">motto</a>, and is a frequent device in <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_mass" title="Cyclic mass">cyclic masses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motif_(music)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Id%C3%A9e_fixe_(psychology)" title="Idée fixe (psychology)"><i>Idée fixe</i> (psychology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motif_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motif (art)">Motif (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motif_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motif (literature)">Motif (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riff" title="Riff">Riff</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motif_(music)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motif_(music)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197626–27_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite1976">White 1976</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197630-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197630_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite1976">White 1976</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDrabkin2001" class="citation book cs1">Drabkin, William (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newgrovedictiona0017unse/page/227/mode/1up"><i>The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians</i></a>. Vol. 17. Stanley Sadie, John Tyrrell (2nd ed.). New York: Grove. pp. 227–228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56159-239-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-56159-239-0"><bdi>1-56159-239-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44391762">44391762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+Grove+dictionary+of+music+and+musicians&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=227-228&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Grove&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44391762&rft.isbn=1-56159-239-0&rft.aulast=Drabkin&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewgrovedictiona0017unse%2Fpage%2F227%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotif+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNattiez1990" class="citation book cs1">Nattiez, Jean-Jacques (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21524730"><i>Music and discourse : toward a semiology of music</i></a>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-09136-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-09136-6"><bdi>0-691-09136-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21524730">21524730</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+and+discourse+%3A+toward+a+semiology+of+music&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21524730&rft.isbn=0-691-09136-6&rft.aulast=Nattiez&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F21524730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotif+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both cited in Nattiez, Jean-Jacques (1990). <i>Music and Discourse: Toward a Semiology of Music</i> (<i>Musicologie générale et sémiologue</i>, 1987). Translated by Carolyn Abbate. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691091366" title="Special:BookSources/0691091366">0691091366</a>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691027145" title="Special:BookSources/0691027145">0691027145</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1957 <i>Encyclopédie Larousse</i> cited in Nattiez, Jean-Jacques (1990). <i>Music and Discourse: Toward a Semiology of Music</i> (<i>Musicologie générale et sémiologue</i>, 1987). Translated by Carolyn Abbate. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691091366" title="Special:BookSources/0691091366">0691091366</a>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691027145" title="Special:BookSources/0691027145">0691027145</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorlinski2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gorlinski, Virginia (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/idee-fixe">"Idée fixe - music"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Id%C3%A9e+fixe+-+music&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Gorlinski&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fidee-fixe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotif+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScruton1997-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScruton1997_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScruton1997_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScruton1997">Scruton 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhite197631–34-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhite197631–34_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhite1976">White 1976</a>, pp. 31–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHisama2001" class="citation book cs1">Hisama, Ellie M. (2001). <i>Gendering musical modernism: the music of Ruth Crawford, Marion Bauer, and Miriam Gideon</i>. Cambridge studies in music theory and analysis. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University press. pp. 146, 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64030-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64030-5"><bdi>978-0-521-64030-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gendering+musical+modernism%3A+the+music+of+Ruth+Crawford%2C+Marion+Bauer%2C+and+Miriam+Gideon&rft.place=Cambridge+New+York&rft.series=Cambridge+studies+in+music+theory+and+analysis&rft.pages=146%2C+152&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-64030-5&rft.aulast=Hisama&rft.aufirst=Ellie+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotif+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Jonas" title="Oswald Jonas">Jonas, Oswald</a> (1982). <i>Introduction to the Theory of Heinrich Schenker</i> (1934: <i>Das Wesen des musikalischen Kunstwerks: Eine Einführung in Die Lehre Heinrich Schenkers</i>), p. 12. Trans. John Rothgeb. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-28227-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-28227-6">0-582-28227-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Webern (1963), pp. 25–26. Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2010" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Edward (2010). <i>Boulez, music and philosophy</i>. Music in the twentieth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86242-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86242-4"><bdi>978-0-521-86242-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boulez%2C+music+and+philosophy&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Music+in+the+twentieth+century&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86242-4&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotif+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neff (1999), p. 59. Cited in Campbell (2010), p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFallows2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fallows, David (2001). "Head-motif". In <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Sadie, Stanley</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">Tyrrell, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i> (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-239-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-239-5"><bdi>978-1-56159-239-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Head-motif&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-239-5&rft.aulast=Fallows&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotif+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span>‎</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motif_(music)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScruton1997" class="citation book cs1">Scruton, Roger (1997). <i>The aesthetics of music</i>. Oxford: Clarendon press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816638-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816638-2"><bdi>978-0-19-816638-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+aesthetics+of+music&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-19-816638-2&rft.aulast=Scruton&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotif+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1976" class="citation book cs1">White, John David (1976). <i>The analysis of music</i>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-033233-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-033233-2"><bdi>978-0-13-033233-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+analysis+of+music&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-13-033233-2&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=John+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMotif+%28music%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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F. E. BACH motif">C. F. E. BACH motif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_motif" title="Cross motif">Cross motif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_amen" title="Dresden amen">Dresden amen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSCH_motif" title="DSCH motif">DSCH motif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacher_hexachord" title="Sacher hexachord">Sacher hexachord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenberg_hexachord" title="Schoenberg hexachord">Schoenberg hexachord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cruciform#Cruciform_melody" title="Cruciform">Cruciform melody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_(music)" title="Figure (music)">Figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortspinnung" title="Fortspinnung">Fortspinnung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">Leitmotif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_cryptogram" title="Musical cryptogram">Musical cryptogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">Ostinato</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_form" title="Template talk:Musical form"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_form" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical form"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_form_and_development" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musical_form" title="Musical form">Musical form</a> and <a href="/wiki/Development_(music)" title="Development (music)">development</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_form" title="Arch form">Arch form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_argument" title="Musical argument">Argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausmultiplikation" title="Ausmultiplikation">Ausmultiplikation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_form" title="Bar form">Bar form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_form" title="Binary form">Binary form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_(music)" title="Bridge (music)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_and_response_(music)" title="Call and response (music)">Call and response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(music)" title="Cell (music)">Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_(music)" title="Coda (music)">Coda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conclusion_(music)" title="Conclusion (music)">Conclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_(music)" title="Cycle (music)">Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_form" title="Cyclic form">Cyclic form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developing_variation" title="Developing variation">Developing variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_(music)" title="Development (music)">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_(music)" title="Drop (music)">Drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposition_(music)" title="Exposition (music)">Exposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finale_(music)" 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title="Subject (music)">Theme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-two-bar_form" title="Thirty-two-bar form">Thirty-two-bar form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through-composed_music" title="Through-composed music">Through-composed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_(music)" title="Transition (music)">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variation_(music)" title="Variation (music)">Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">Verse–chorus form</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-right:1.5em"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FClef.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="F (bass) clef symbol"><img alt="F (bass) clef symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/FClef.svg/40px-FClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" 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