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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Methods_of_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods_of_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Methods of development</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Methods_of_development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Methods of development subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Methods_of_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_division_of_a_theme_into_parts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_division_of_a_theme_into_parts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The division of a theme into parts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_division_of_a_theme_into_parts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alteration_of_pitch_intervals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alteration_of_pitch_intervals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Alteration of pitch intervals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alteration_of_pitch_intervals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhythmic_displacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythmic_displacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rhythmic displacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythmic_displacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sequence_and_the_development_of_two_or_more_themes_in_combination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequence_and_the_development_of_two_or_more_themes_in_combination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sequence and the development of two or more themes in combination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sequence_and_the_development_of_two_or_more_themes_in_combination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_on_a_larger_scale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_on_a_larger_scale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Development on a larger scale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_on_a_larger_scale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Development (music)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7_(%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Ανάπτυξη (μουσική) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανάπτυξη (μουσική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desarrollo_musical" title="Desarrollo musical – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Desarrollo musical" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tralaborado_(muziko)" title="Tralaborado (muziko) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tralaborado (muziko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%B7_%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C" title="بسط و گسترش موسیقی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بسط و گسترش موسیقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85_%EB%B0%9C%EB%8B%AC" title="음악 발달 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음악 발달" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przetworzenie" title="Przetworzenie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przetworzenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desenvolvimento_musical" title="Desenvolvimento musical – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Desenvolvimento musical" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Разработка (музыка) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Разработка (музыка)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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/></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may need to be rewritten</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Development_(music)&action=edit">improve the lead</a> and read the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead layout guide</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.png/350px-Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.png/525px-Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.png/700px-Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.png 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="1851" /></a><figcaption>Development in <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn's</a> sonata in G major, <a href="/wiki/Hoboken-Verzeichnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoboken-Verzeichnis">Hob.</a> XVI: G1, I, mm. 29-53 <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1b\/Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.mid\/Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Development Haydn's Sonata in G Major.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.mid/Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Development_Haydn%27s_Sonata_in_G_Major.mid" title="File:Development Haydn's Sonata in G Major.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In music, <b>development</b> is a process by which a musical <a href="/wiki/Idea" title="Idea">idea</a> is <a href="/wiki/Transformation_(music)" title="Transformation (music)">transformed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">restated</a> in the course of a <a href="/wiki/Musical_piece" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical piece">composition</a>. Certain central ideas are repeated in different contexts or in altered form so that the listener can consciously or unconsciously compare the various statements of the idea, often in surprising or <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">ironic</a> manners. This practice has its roots in <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">counterpoint</a>, where a theme or subject might create an impression of a pleasing or affective sort, but delight the mind further as its <a href="/wiki/Contrapuntal" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrapuntal">contrapuntal</a> capabilities are gradually unveiled. </p><p>Development is often contrasted with musical <a href="/wiki/Variation_(music)" title="Variation (music)">variation</a>, which is a slightly different means to the same end. Development is carried out upon portions of material treated in <i>many</i> different presentations and combinations at a time, while variation depends upon <i>one</i> type of presentation at a time.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development is the middle section of the <a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">sonata form</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_(music)" title="Exposition (music)">exposition</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Recapitulation_(music)" title="Recapitulation (music)">recapitulation</a>; in some older texts, this section may be referred to as <i>free fantasia</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods_of_development">Methods of development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_(music)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Methods of development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Companion_to_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Companion to Music">Oxford Companion to Music</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are several ways of developing a theme. These include: </p> <ul><li>The division of a theme into parts, each of which can be developed in any of the above ways or recombined in a new way. Similarly, two or more themes can be developed in combination; in some cases, themes are composed with this possibility in mind.</li> <li>Alteration of pitch intervals while retaining the original rhythm.</li> <li>Rhythmic displacement, so that the metrical stress occurs at a different point in the otherwise unchanged theme.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_(music)" title="Sequence (music)">Sequence</a>, either diatonically within a key or through a succession of keys.</li></ul><p> The <a href="/wiki/Scherzo" title="Scherzo">Scherzo</a> movement from <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._15_(Beethoven)" title="Piano Sonata No. 15 (Beethoven)">Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 15</a> in D major, Op 28 (the "Pastoral" Sonata) shows a number of these processes at work on a small scale. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rosen" title="Charles Rosen">Charles Rosen</a> (2002) marvels at the simplicity of the musical material: "The opening theme consists of nothing but four F sharps in descending octaves, followed by a light and simple I/ii/V7/I cadence with a quirky motif repeated four times."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These opening eight bars provide all the material Beethoven needs to furnish his development, which takes place in bars 33-48:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="71" data-mwtitle="Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28,_Scherzo.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28,_Scherzo.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo.wav/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo.wav/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Beethoven Piano Sonata Op 28, Scherzo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Op._28_Scherzo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Op._28_Scherzo.png/500px-Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Op._28_Scherzo.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="668" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Op._28_Scherzo.png/750px-Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Op._28_Scherzo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Op._28_Scherzo.png/1000px-Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Op._28_Scherzo.png 2x" data-file-width="2372" data-file-height="3169" /></a><figcaption> Beethoven Pastoral Sonata Op. 28 Scherzo.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_division_of_a_theme_into_parts">The division of a theme into parts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_(music)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The division of a theme into parts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The falling octave in the first two bars and the repeated staccato chord in the left hand in bars 5-8 are the two fragments that Beethoven later develops:</p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_bars_1-5.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_bars_1-5.png/500px-Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_bars_1-5.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_bars_1-5.png/750px-Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_bars_1-5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_bars_1-5.png/1000px-Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_bars_1-5.png 2x" data-file-width="2004" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption>Beethoven Scherzo from Piano Sonata 15, thematic fragments used later in the development</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alteration_of_pitch_intervals">Alteration of pitch intervals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_(music)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alteration of pitch intervals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The somewhat bald falling octave idea in the first four bars is transformed in bars 33-36 into an elegant shape ending with an upward-curving semitone:</p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Becomes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Becomes.png/500px-Becomes.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Becomes.png/750px-Becomes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Becomes.png/1000px-Becomes.png 2x" data-file-width="2378" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption>Transformation of opening idea</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythmic_displacement">Rhythmic displacement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_(music)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rhythmic displacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In this movement, the repeated left hand chords in bar 5 are displaced so that in bar 33 onwards, they fall on the 2nd and 3rd beats:</p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhythmic_displacement.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Rhythmic_displacement.png/500px-Rhythmic_displacement.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Rhythmic_displacement.png/750px-Rhythmic_displacement.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Rhythmic_displacement.png/1000px-Rhythmic_displacement.png 2x" data-file-width="2378" data-file-height="224" /></a><figcaption>Rhythmic displacement</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sequence_and_the_development_of_two_or_more_themes_in_combination">Sequence and the development of two or more themes in combination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_(music)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sequence and the development of two or more themes in combination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In bars 33-48, the two fragments combine and the development goes through a <a href="/wiki/Modulating_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Modulating sequence">modulating sequence</a> that touches on a succession of keys; </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="15" data-mwtitle="Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28,_Scherzo,_developent_section.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28,_Scherzo,_developent_section.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo%2C_developent_section.wav/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo%2C_developent_section.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo%2C_developent_section.wav/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo%2C_developent_section.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Beethoven_Piano_Sonata_Op_28%2C_Scherzo%2C_developent_section.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Beethoven Piano Sonata Op 28, Scherzo, development section</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_development_section.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_development_section.png/500px-Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_development_section.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_development_section.png/750px-Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_development_section.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_development_section.png/1000px-Beethoven_Pastoral_Sonata_Scherzo_development_section.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption>Beethoven, Scherzo from Sonata No 15, development section.</figcaption></figure><p> The following outline demonstrates Beethoven’s strategic planning, which he applied on a larger scale in the development sections of some of his major works. The <a href="/wiki/Bass_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass line">bass line</a> traces a decisive progression through a rising <a href="/wiki/Chromatic_scale" title="Chromatic scale">chromatic scale</a>:</p><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_of_development.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Outline_of_development.png/500px-Outline_of_development.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Outline_of_development.png/750px-Outline_of_development.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Outline_of_development.png/1000px-Outline_of_development.png 2x" data-file-width="2415" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Harmonic outline of Bars 33-49</figcaption></figure> <p>To quote Rosen again, writing à propos of this movement: "As Beethoven's contemporary, the painter <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a>, said, making something out of nothing is the true work of the artist."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_on_a_larger_scale">Development on a larger scale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_(music)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Development on a larger scale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Not all development takes place in what is commonly known as the "development section" of a work. It can take place at any point in the musical argument. For instance, the “immensely energetic <a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">sonata</a> movement”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that forms the main body of the overture to <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>’s Opera <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i> announces the following theme during the initial exposition. It consists of two contrasting phrases: “first determined, then soft and conspiratorial.”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="9" data-mwtitle="Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-81.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-81.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-81.wav/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-81.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-81.wav/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-81.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-81.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Don Giovanni Overture bars 77-80</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-80.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-80.png/500px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-80.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-80.png/750px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-80.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-80.png/1000px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_77-80.png 2x" data-file-width="2015" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Don Giovanni Overture bars 77-80</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Mann_(critic)" title="William Mann (critic)">William Mann</a> says “the first, insistent phrase [of the above] is very important. At once it is taken up <a href="/wiki/Imitation_(music)" title="Imitation (music)">imitatively</a> by various departments of the orchestra, and [starting in] A major, jumps through several related keys.”<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each repetition of the descending phrase is subtly altered one note at a time, causing the music to pass from the key of A major, through A minor and thence via a chord of G7 to the remote key of C major, and thence back to A major.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="20" data-mwtitle="Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-99.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-99.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-99.wav/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-99.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-99.wav/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-99.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-99.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Don Giovanni Overture bars 85-99</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-100.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-100.png/600px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-100.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-100.png/900px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-100.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-100.png/1200px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_85-100.png 2x" data-file-width="2956" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>Don Giovanni Overture bars 85-100</figcaption></figure><p> The central section of the Overture (the part commonly known as the "development section") utilizes both phrases of the theme “in new juxtapositions and new tonalities,” <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> developing it through repetition in a <a href="/wiki/Modulating_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Modulating sequence">modulating sequence</a>. The steady plod of the bass line against the sequential repetitions of the “soft and conspiratorial”<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> phrase outlines a <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_fifths" title="Circle of fifths">circle of fifths</a> chord progression:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="14" data-mwtitle="Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.wav/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.wav/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Don Giovanni Overture bars 133-141 violins and bass only</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.png/500px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.png/750px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.png/1000px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_violins_and_bass_only.png 2x" data-file-width="2039" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Don Giovanni Overture bars 133-141 violins and bass only</figcaption></figure><p> Simultaneously, Mozart adds to the mix and continues to develop the <a href="/wiki/Imitative_counterpoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Imitative counterpoint">imitative counterpoint</a> that grew out of the first phrase. In the words of Willam Mann, this development “unites both halves”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the theme. This is how this tightly woven texture pans out:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="14" data-mwtitle="Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_reduced_score.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_reduced_score.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_reduced_score.wav/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_reduced_score.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_reduced_score.wav/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_reduced_score.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-141_reduced_score.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Don Giovanni Overture bars 133-141</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-142_reduced_score.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-142_reduced_score.png/500px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-142_reduced_score.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-142_reduced_score.png/750px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-142_reduced_score.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-142_reduced_score.png/1000px-Don_Giovanni_Overture_bars_133-142_reduced_score.png 2x" data-file-width="2039" data-file-height="1543" /></a><figcaption>Don Giovanni Overture bars 133-142</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_(music)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Developing_variation" title="Developing variation">Developing variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugue#Development" title="Fugue">Fugue § Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_development" title="Secondary development">Secondary development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_(music)" title="Sequence (music)">Sequence (music)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Development_(music)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benward & Saker (2009), <i>Music in Theory and Practice: Volume II</i>, p.138-39. Eighth Edition. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-310188-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-310188-0">978-0-07-310188-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wennerstrom, Mary (1975). "Form in Twentieth-Century Music" (chap. 1), <i>Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music</i>. Wittlich, Gary (ed.). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-049346-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-049346-5">0-13-049346-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Temperley, N. (2002, p. 355) “Development” in Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosen, C. (2002, p.161), <i>Beethoven's Piano Sonatas, a Short Companion</i>. Yale University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosen, C. (2002, p.162), <i>Beethoven's Piano Sonatas, a Short Companion</i>. Yale University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mann, W. (1977, p. 462) the Operas of Mozart. London, Cassell.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mann, W. (1977, p. 462) the Operas of Mozart. London, Cassell.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mann, W. (1977, p. 462) the Operas of Mozart. London, Cassell.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taruskin, R. (2005, p.488) The Oxford History of Western Music, Volume 2 Music in the seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mann, W. (1977, p. 462) the Operas of Mozart. London, Cassell.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mann, W. (1977, p. 462) the Operas of Mozart. London, Cassell.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_form" title="Template:Musical form"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_form" title="Template talk:Musical form"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_form" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical form"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_form_and_development" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musical_form" title="Musical form">Musical form</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">development</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_form" title="Arch form">Arch form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_argument" title="Musical argument">Argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausmultiplikation" title="Ausmultiplikation">Ausmultiplikation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_form" title="Bar form">Bar form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_form" title="Binary form">Binary form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_(music)" title="Bridge (music)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_and_response_(music)" title="Call and response (music)">Call and response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(music)" title="Cell (music)">Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_(music)" title="Coda (music)">Coda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conclusion_(music)" title="Conclusion (music)">Conclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_(music)" title="Cycle (music)">Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclic_form" title="Cyclic form">Cyclic form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developing_variation" title="Developing variation">Developing variation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_(music)" title="Drop (music)">Drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposition_(music)" title="Exposition (music)">Exposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finale_(music)" title="Finale (music)">Finale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_composition" title="Formula composition">Formula composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(music)" title="Hook (music)">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_(music)" title="Introduction (music)">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitmotif" title="Leitmotif">Leitmotif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lick_(music)" title="Lick (music)">Lick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">Melody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motif_(music)" title="Motif (music)">Motif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_(music)" title="Movement (music)">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">Ostinato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overture" title="Overture">Overture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_(music)" title="Period (music)">Period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrase_(music)" title="Phrase (music)">Phrase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-chorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-chorus">Pre-chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-chorus" title="Post-chorus">Post-chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapitulation_(music)" title="Recapitulation (music)">Recapitulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repetition_(music)" title="Repetition (music)">Repetition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reprise" title="Reprise">Reprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riff" title="Riff">Riff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondo" title="Rondo">Rondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rond%C3%B2" title="Rondò">Rondò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_(music)" title="Section (music)">Section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">Sonata form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_rondo_form" title="Sonata rondo form">Sonata rondo form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_structure" title="Song structure">Song structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strophic_form" title="Strophic form">Strophic form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternary_form" title="Ternary form">Ternary form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subject_(music)" title="Subject (music)">Theme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-two-bar_form" title="Thirty-two-bar form">Thirty-two-bar form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Through-composed_music" title="Through-composed music">Through-composed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_(music)" title="Transition (music)">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variation_(music)" title="Variation (music)">Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verse%E2%80%93chorus_form" title="Verse–chorus form">Verse–chorus form</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 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