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This study found the endured cleavages are ethnic and aliran (literally," /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/323450094/165385182/155231409/s200_himawan_bayu.patriadi.png" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/125243353/The_2014_Indonesian_general_election_and_beyond" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The 2014 Indonesian general election and beyond" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This study investigates Lipset-Rokkan’s “freezing hypothesis” based on the contemporary Indonesia cleavages by analyzing the 2014 election together with the previous elections. This study found the endured cleavages are ethnic and aliran (literally," /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/HimawanBayuPatriadi" /> <meta name="description" content="This study investigates Lipset-Rokkan’s “freezing hypothesis” based on the contemporary Indonesia cleavages by analyzing the 2014 election together with the previous elections. This study found the endured cleavages are ethnic and aliran (literally," /> <title>(PDF) The 2014 Indonesian general election and beyond | Himawan Bayu Patriadi - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/125243353/The_2014_Indonesian_general_election_and_beyond" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '533b30f8414e20088f06d207ddf582bca83ea18e'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732761132000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732761132000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This study investigates Lipset-Rokkan’s “freezing hypothesis” based on the contemporary Indonesia cleavages by analyzing the 2014 election together with the previous elections. This study found the endured cleavages are ethnic and aliran (literally, “stream”), which consist of the competing abangan (nominal Muslim) and santri (devout Muslim) cleavages. Both had been “frozen,” or existed latantly, during the New Order, but they revived afterwards. However, the ethnic cleavage arguably has been “melted” faster than the aliran one as the former seems to be more vulnerable to other political appeals. The aliran, in contrast, is somewhat callous due to its complex basis. This paper also suggests that, because the strength of any individual cleavage may vary from one region to another, capturing the empirically existing cleavages better may require going to regional or district levels instead of being solely reliant on a national-level study. This study underscores that the cleavages in t...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Himawan Bayu Patriadi"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-11-02","dateModified":"2024-11-02","datePublished":"2016-01-01","headline":"The 2014 Indonesian general election and beyond","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Political Economy","Political Science","Politics","Indonesian","Ethnic Group","General Election"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Asian Journal of Comparative Politics","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"SAGE Publications"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/125243353/The_2014_Indonesian_general_election_and_beyond","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F125243353%2FThe_2014_Indonesian_general_election_and_beyond%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F125243353%2FThe_2014_Indonesian_general_election_and_beyond%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":119321850,"identifier":"Attachment_119321850","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":125243353,"created_at":"2024-11-02T15:01:25.344-07:00","from_world_paper_id":260705907,"updated_at":"2024-11-02T15:26:04.141-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"This study investigates Lipset-Rokkan’s “freezing hypothesis” based on the contemporary Indonesia cleavages by analyzing the 2014 election together with the previous elections. This study found the endured cleavages are ethnic and aliran (literally, “stream”), which consist of the competing abangan (nominal Muslim) and santri (devout Muslim) cleavages. Both had been “frozen,” or existed latantly, during the New Order, but they revived afterwards. However, the ethnic cleavage arguably has been “melted” faster than the aliran one as the former seems to be more vulnerable to other political appeals. The aliran, in contrast, is somewhat callous due to its complex basis. This paper also suggests that, because the strength of any individual cleavage may vary from one region to another, capturing the empirically existing cleavages better may require going to regional or district levels instead of being solely reliant on a national-level study. This study underscores that the cleavages in t...","publisher":"SAGE Publications","publication_date":"2016,,","publication_name":"Asian Journal of Comparative Politics"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The 2014 Indonesian general election and beyond","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [323450094]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":119321850,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The 2014 Indonesian general election and beyond”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/119321850/mini_magick20241102-1-sfifu2.png?1730584952" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The 2014 Indonesian general election and beyond</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="323450094" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HimawanBayuPatriadi"><img alt="Profile image of Himawan Bayu Patriadi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/323450094/165385182/155231409/s65_himawan_bayu.patriadi.png" />Himawan Bayu Patriadi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2016, Asian Journal of Comparative Politics</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">19 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 125243353; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=125243353"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This study investigates Lipset-Rokkan’s “freezing hypothesis” based on the contemporary Indonesia cleavages by analyzing the 2014 election together with the previous elections. This study found the endured cleavages are ethnic and aliran (literally, “stream”), which consist of the competing abangan (nominal Muslim) and santri (devout Muslim) cleavages. Both had been “frozen,” or existed latantly, during the New Order, but they revived afterwards. However, the ethnic cleavage arguably has been “melted” faster than the aliran one as the former seems to be more vulnerable to other political appeals. The aliran, in contrast, is somewhat callous due to its complex basis. This paper also suggests that, because the strength of any individual cleavage may vary from one region to another, capturing the empirically existing cleavages better may require going to regional or district levels instead of being solely reliant on a national-level study. This study underscores that the cleavages in t...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":119321850,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/125243353/The_2014_Indonesian_general_election_and_beyond"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":119321850,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/125243353/The_2014_Indonesian_general_election_and_beyond"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="119321850" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/125243353/The_2014_Indonesian_general_election_and_beyond" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="78444945" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78444945/Political_Polarization_based_on_Religious_Identities_Empirical_Evidence_from_the_2017_Jakarta_Gubernatorial">Political Polarization based on Religious Identities: Empirical Evidence from the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2795839" href="https://wordperss.academia.edu/HabibiSubandi">HB Habibi Subandi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">According to a research conducted by Anis Baswedan, Saiful Mujani and R. 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The nature of such parties has changed from the days of the Old Order to the New Order and Reformasi eras. Despite similar anatomies between Islamic parties of the Old Order and those of Reformasi, Islamic political parties profess different ideological missions. While the beginning of Old Order saw the confederation of Islamic political parties, Masyumi, seeking to promote the establishment of an Islamic State, none of the Islamic political parties which mushroomed during Reformasi era expressly struggled for the establishment of an Islamic state. However, the Islamic political parties had to weather similar problems of internal conflict and fragmentation. Different ideological strands, policy stances and leadership styles are believed to be amongst the pivotal root causes of their domestic troubles. With their popular votes and parliamentary seats significantly reduced, they prove to be no competition to the nationalist political parties.""</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fragmentation and Conflict Among Islamic Political Parties in Indonesia During Reformasi Era (1998-2009): Anatomy, Factors and Implications","attachmentId":34198938,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7662444/Fragmentation_and_Conflict_Among_Islamic_Political_Parties_in_Indonesia_During_Reformasi_Era_1998_2009_Anatomy_Factors_and_Implications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7662444/Fragmentation_and_Conflict_Among_Islamic_Political_Parties_in_Indonesia_During_Reformasi_Era_1998_2009_Anatomy_Factors_and_Implications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="82020434" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82020434/Voting_Behavior_in_Indonesia_from_1999_to_2014_Religious_Cleavage_or_Economic_Performance">Voting Behavior in Indonesia from 1999 to 2014: Religious Cleavage or Economic Performance?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5152664" href="https://ide.academia.edu/KoichiKawamura">Koichi Kawamura</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Voting Behavior in Indonesia from 1999 to 2014: Religious Cleavage or Economic Performance?","attachmentId":87860925,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82020434/Voting_Behavior_in_Indonesia_from_1999_to_2014_Religious_Cleavage_or_Economic_Performance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82020434/Voting_Behavior_in_Indonesia_from_1999_to_2014_Religious_Cleavage_or_Economic_Performance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="41497985" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41497985/The_Decline_of_Ideology_in_Indonesia_Parliamentary_Threshold_and_Cleavage_among_Political_Parties_in_coping_with_the_2019_Election">The Decline of Ideology in Indonesia: Parliamentary Threshold and Cleavage among Political Parties in coping with the 2019 Election</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8322641" href="https://umy.academia.edu/RidhoAlHamdi">Ridho Al-Hamdi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper examines the response of Indonesia's parties in dealing with the parliamentary threshold in the 2019 election. It has a twofold objective: to discern the development of political ideology in Indonesia's post-New Order regime and to identify the current political cleavage among political parties particularly between Islam and secular parties or major and small parties. Methodologically, it is qualitative research by applying the in-depth interview and online news collection as data-gathering technique. The research finding demonstrates that the political ideology in recent Indonesia is waning and towards the end of ideology. If it is so, it can harm the party system in Indonesia and will be what so-called as "depoliticization of party" because of the lack of people trust. Some evidence can show it. First, the party's response to the parliamentary threshold issue is no longer considering ideological and organizational motives, but due to pragmatic goals. Second, several Islamist parties are in one coalition with secular parties in term of responding to the parliamentary threshold. Likewise, small parties have the same position as major parties in coping with such an issue. It indicates that the ideological contestation is waning and submerged.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Decline of Ideology in Indonesia: Parliamentary Threshold and Cleavage among Political Parties in coping with the 2019 Election","attachmentId":61668817,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41497985/The_Decline_of_Ideology_in_Indonesia_Parliamentary_Threshold_and_Cleavage_among_Political_Parties_in_coping_with_the_2019_Election","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41497985/The_Decline_of_Ideology_in_Indonesia_Parliamentary_Threshold_and_Cleavage_among_Political_Parties_in_coping_with_the_2019_Election"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="68042930" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68042930/Institutionalising_Islamic_Political_Parties_in_Indonesia_A_Study_of_Internal_Fragmentation_and_Cohesion_in_the_Post_Soeharto_Era_1998_2008_">Institutionalising Islamic Political Parties in Indonesia: A Study of Internal Fragmentation and Cohesion in the Post-Soeharto Era (1998-2008)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4016708" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FirmanNoor">Firman Noor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The thesis will address the question of why Islamic political parties, in the first decade of the reform era, suffer internal fragmentation and have failed to develop cohesion, while one Islamic party has been able to develop and consolidate. This thesis will explore and analyze factors and reasons behind the problem of the cohesion of the Islamic political parties by associating it with the existence of party institutionalization. For this purpose, this thesis would be a study of comparative institutionalization of Islamic political parties, particularly between the National Wakening Party (PKB) and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). PKB is a good exemplar for an Islamic party that experienced severely fragmented parties. In fact, this party has became the largest among Islamic political parties and including one of the worst fragmentations among all new political parties in Indonesia. Meanwhile, PKS has been able to maintain its internal discipline and unity, although factionalis...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Institutionalising Islamic Political Parties in Indonesia: A Study of Internal Fragmentation and Cohesion in the Post-Soeharto Era (1998-2008)","attachmentId":78663584,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68042930/Institutionalising_Islamic_Political_Parties_in_Indonesia_A_Study_of_Internal_Fragmentation_and_Cohesion_in_the_Post_Soeharto_Era_1998_2008_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68042930/Institutionalising_Islamic_Political_Parties_in_Indonesia_A_Study_of_Internal_Fragmentation_and_Cohesion_in_the_Post_Soeharto_Era_1998_2008_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="108162493" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108162493/The_configuration_of_ethnic_and_religious_relations_towards_the_2024_general_election_A_case_study_in_Medan_Indonesia">The configuration of ethnic and religious relations towards the 2024 general election: A case study in Medan, Indonesia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="241474638" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IndraFauzanTBA">Indra Fauzan TBA</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Multidisciplinary Science Journal</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">After the 2014 presidential election, which Jokowi-Jusuf Kalla won, sentiments based on religion and ethnicity towards Jokowi persisted. The discourse regarding the strengthening of ethnicity and religious politics continues not only at the national level but also at the municipal level during the political transition period. Almost identical to the elections for the Governor held in 2008, 2013, and 2018, the issues that continue to develop in the election for the Governor of North Sumatra cover the same three aspects: religious issues, ethnic identity politics, and local son issues. This study aims to discover ethnic and religious relations in Medan following the 2019 general elections and the configuration of ethnic and religious connections in Medan towards the 2024 general elections. The research method used was quantitative research. The sample of this study was 100 responders chosen randomly by using simple random sampling technique. The data were collected through a close-e...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The configuration of ethnic and religious relations towards the 2024 general election: A case study in Medan, Indonesia","attachmentId":106619004,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108162493/The_configuration_of_ethnic_and_religious_relations_towards_the_2024_general_election_A_case_study_in_Medan_Indonesia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108162493/The_configuration_of_ethnic_and_religious_relations_towards_the_2024_general_election_A_case_study_in_Medan_Indonesia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="3569071" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3569071/The_End_of_Political_Islam_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Religious_Parties_in_the_Muslim_Democracy_of_Indonesia">The End of Political Islam? A Comparative Analysis of Religious Parties in the Muslim Democracy of Indonesia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4250203" href="https://niu.academia.edu/httpwwwniuedupoliscifacultyprofileshamayotsushtml">Kikue Hamayotsu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The End of Political Islam? A Comparative Analysis of Religious Parties in the Muslim Democracy of Indonesia","attachmentId":31586601,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3569071/The_End_of_Political_Islam_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Religious_Parties_in_the_Muslim_Democracy_of_Indonesia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3569071/The_End_of_Political_Islam_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Religious_Parties_in_the_Muslim_Democracy_of_Indonesia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":119321850,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":119321850,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_119321850" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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