CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="e24HtAuyh+pzE7zoUvTwx4Wegp4RIThYX6XHizvelch1syeDl3f7hIGkiGZWZm+J/PnJMfV14xaqE4wAmmr0Jg==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2006/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Synchrotron Radiation" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Quan Hao" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Detlef M Smilgies" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Donald Bilderback" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/13884423/Multilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/32960979/10309877/11504800/s200_detlef.smilgies.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/13884423/Multilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://cornell.academia.edu/DetlefSmilgies" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://cornell.academia.edu/DonaldBilderback" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/HaoQuan" /> <meta name="description" content="Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS" /> <title>(PDF) Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS | Detlef M Smilgies, Donald Bilderback, and Quan Hao - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/13884423/Multilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '2f444c8e4ed6011e01999d24d77abd5ec19178fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732740429000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732740429000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":null,"author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Detlef M Smilgies"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Donald Bilderback"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Quan Hao"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Donald Bilderback"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Quan Hao"}],"dateCreated":"2015-07-10","dateModified":"2024-11-12","datePublished":"2006-01-01","headline":"Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Synchrotron Radiation","Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography","X Rays","Thermal Conductivity","Optical physics","X-Ray Optics","High Resolution","Optics and Photonics","Protein Conformation"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/13884423/Multilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"cornell"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "7e4435d437785368db3c5c11ec3fe26d85f0eab5775fe24cd136c47afae093ce", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="3DeqlUL7fRoXuqGOQZDw29xZMr5gA0oKTvehrQ++vhfS6oqi3j4BdOUNlQBFAm+VpT55EYRXkUS7Qeomrgrf+Q==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/13884423/Multilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="8XFZcZ8xdLXqgXzuF8y0QmcdnkjOeqnCO3y2eL9c90X/rHlGA/QI2xg2SGATXisMHnrV5youcozOyv3zHuiWqw==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-68aeb1ef1aef1565d873e157d2d062b6c25e45987d206ebd19f7e481aab03137.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 32960979; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F13884423%2FMultilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F13884423%2FMultilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":44839032,"identifier":"Attachment_44839032","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":13884423,"created_at":"2015-07-10T07:01:45.791-07:00","from_world_paper_id":139160592,"updated_at":"2024-11-12T20:36:54.098-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Almost half of the X-ray beamlines at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) are based on multilayer optics. 'Traditional' multilayers with an energy resolution of ÁE/E ' 2% are routinely used to deliver X-ray flux enhanced by a factor of 10 2 in comparison with standard Si(111) optics. Sagittalfocusing multilayers with fixed radius provide an additional factor of 10 gain in flux density. High-resolution multilayer optics with ÁE/E ' 0.2% are now routinely used by MacCHESS crystallographers. New wide-bandpass multilayers with ÁE/E = 5% and 10% have been designed and tested for potential applications in macromolecular crystallography. Small d-spacing multilayers with d 20 Å have been successfully used to extend the energy range of multilayer optics. Analysis of the main characteristics of the Mo/B 4 C and W/B 4 C small d-spacing multilayer optics shows enhancement in their performance at higher energies. Chemical vapour deposited SiC, with a bulk thermal conductivity of a factor of two higher than that of silicon, has been successfully introduced as a substrate material for multilayer optics. Characteristics of different types of multilayer optics at CHESS beamlines and their applications in a variety of scattering, diffraction and imaging techniques are discussed. Alexander Kazimirov et al. Multilayer X-ray optics 205 research papers J. Synchrotron Rad. (2006). 13, 204-210 Alexander Kazimirov et al. Multilayer X-ray optics 209 research papers 210 Alexander Kazimirov et al. Multilayer X-ray optics","publication_date":"2006,,","publication_name":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"44839032"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33091877,32960979,42172919]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":44839032,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/44839032/mini_magick20190213-30153-du3jvr.png?1550101600" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Multilayer X-ray optics at CHESS</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33091877" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaoQuan"><img alt="Profile image of Quan Hao" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Quan Hao</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32960979" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/DetlefSmilgies"><img alt="Profile image of Detlef M Smilgies" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/32960979/10309877/11504800/s65_detlef.smilgies.jpg" />Detlef M Smilgies</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42172919" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/DonaldBilderback"><img alt="Profile image of Donald Bilderback" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Donald Bilderback</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2006, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":44839032,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/13884423/Multilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":44839032,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/13884423/Multilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="44839032" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/13884423/Multilayer_X_ray_optics_at_CHESS" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="26084149" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26084149/_title_Multilayers_for_next_generation_x_ray_sources_title_"><title>Multilayers for next-generation x-ray sources</title></a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38763428" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesTarrio">Charles Tarrio</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Damage to VUV, EUV, and X-ray Optics, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\u003ctitle\u003eMultilayers for next-generation x-ray sources\u003c/title\u003e","attachmentId":46436417,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26084149/_title_Multilayers_for_next_generation_x_ray_sources_title_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26084149/_title_Multilayers_for_next_generation_x_ray_sources_title_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="24285271" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24285271/Multilayer_dispersion_optics_for_X_ray_radiation">Multilayer dispersion optics for X-ray radiation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37331542" href="https://fh-muenster.academia.edu/HansChristophMertins">Hans-Christoph Mertins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multilayer dispersion optics for X-ray radiation","attachmentId":44620982,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24285271/Multilayer_dispersion_optics_for_X_ray_radiation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24285271/Multilayer_dispersion_optics_for_X_ray_radiation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="91396574" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91396574/Multilayer_optics_for_hard_x_ray_astronomy">Multilayer optics for hard x-ray astronomy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="246728403" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdrianIvan34">Adrian Ivan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions IV, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multilayer optics for hard x-ray astronomy","attachmentId":94695885,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91396574/Multilayer_optics_for_hard_x_ray_astronomy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91396574/Multilayer_optics_for_hard_x_ray_astronomy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="104656380" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104656380/Multilayer_optics_for_monochromatic_high_resolution_X_ray_imaging_diagnostic_in_a_broad_photon_energy_range_from_2_keV_to_22_keV">Multilayer optics for monochromatic high-resolution X-ray imaging diagnostic in a broad photon energy range from 2 keV to 22 keV</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39064889" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PHoghoj">P. Hoghoj</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multilayer optics for monochromatic high-resolution X-ray imaging diagnostic in a broad photon energy range from 2 keV to 22 keV","attachmentId":104326719,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104656380/Multilayer_optics_for_monochromatic_high_resolution_X_ray_imaging_diagnostic_in_a_broad_photon_energy_range_from_2_keV_to_22_keV","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104656380/Multilayer_optics_for_monochromatic_high_resolution_X_ray_imaging_diagnostic_in_a_broad_photon_energy_range_from_2_keV_to_22_keV"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="79811644" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79811644/Optical_constants_for_hard_x_ray_multilayers_over_the_energy_range_E_35_180_keV">Optical constants for hard x-ray multilayers over the energy range E = 35 - 180 keV</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42945619" href="https://independent.academia.edu/zieglereric">eric ziegler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">SPIE Proceedings, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Optical constants for hard x-ray multilayers over the energy range E = 35 - 180 keV","attachmentId":86400452,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79811644/Optical_constants_for_hard_x_ray_multilayers_over_the_energy_range_E_35_180_keV","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79811644/Optical_constants_for_hard_x_ray_multilayers_over_the_energy_range_E_35_180_keV"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="122930361" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122930361/Multilayer_optics_for_monochromatic_high_resolution_x_ray_imaging_mircoscopes">Multilayer optics for monochromatic high-resolution x-ray imaging mircoscopes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57944992" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DoAlexandre">Alexandre Do</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of SPIE, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multilayer optics for monochromatic high-resolution x-ray imaging mircoscopes","attachmentId":117487265,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122930361/Multilayer_optics_for_monochromatic_high_resolution_x_ray_imaging_mircoscopes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122930361/Multilayer_optics_for_monochromatic_high_resolution_x_ray_imaging_mircoscopes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="123746780" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123746780/Design_and_development_of_the_multilayer_optics_for_the_new_hard_x_ray_mission">Design and development of the multilayer optics for the new hard x-ray mission</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59781238" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PAttina">P. Attinà</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2010, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Design and development of the multilayer optics for the new hard x-ray mission","attachmentId":118106991,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123746780/Design_and_development_of_the_multilayer_optics_for_the_new_hard_x_ray_mission","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123746780/Design_and_development_of_the_multilayer_optics_for_the_new_hard_x_ray_mission"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="24954589" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24954589/X_ray_optical_multilayers_microstructure_limits_on_reflectivity_at_ultra_short_periods">X-ray optical multilayers: microstructure limits on reflectivity at ultra-short periods</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32906714" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeffreyKortright">Jeffrey Kortright</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Materialia, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"X-ray optical multilayers: microstructure limits on reflectivity at ultra-short periods","attachmentId":45285753,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24954589/X_ray_optical_multilayers_microstructure_limits_on_reflectivity_at_ultra_short_periods","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24954589/X_ray_optical_multilayers_microstructure_limits_on_reflectivity_at_ultra_short_periods"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="104656377" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104656377/Applications_of_non_periodic_multilayer_optics_for_high_resolution_x_ray_microscopes_below_30_keV">Applications of non-periodic multilayer optics for high-resolution x-ray microscopes below 30 keV</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39064889" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PHoghoj">P. Hoghoj</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Multilayer mirrors with enhanced bandwidth were developed with special performances for dense plasma diagnostics and mainly for high spatial resolution x-ray imaging. The multilayer coatings are designed to provide broadband x-ray reflectance at low grazing incidence angles. They are deposited onto toroidal mirror substrates. Our research is directed at the development of non-periodic (depth graded) W/Si multilayer specifically designed for use in the 1 to 30 keV photon energy band. First, we present a study for a 5 to 22 keV x-ray spectral window at 0.45° grazing angle. The goal is to obtain a high and constant reflectivity. Second, we have modeled a broadband mirror coating for harder x-rays in the range from 10 to 30 keV, with a non-periodic structure containing 300 W/SiC layers with periods in the range from 0.8 to 4 nm, designed for 0.35° grazing incidence angle.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Applications of non-periodic multilayer optics for high-resolution x-ray microscopes below 30 keV","attachmentId":104326722,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104656377/Applications_of_non_periodic_multilayer_optics_for_high_resolution_x_ray_microscopes_below_30_keV","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104656377/Applications_of_non_periodic_multilayer_optics_for_high_resolution_x_ray_microscopes_below_30_keV"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="26910300" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26910300/X_ray_tests_of_multilayer_coated_optics">X-ray tests of multilayer coated optics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50921782" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EberhardSpiller">Eberhard Spiller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Optics, 1984</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"X-ray tests of multilayer coated optics","attachmentId":47175245,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26910300/X_ray_tests_of_multilayer_coated_optics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26910300/X_ray_tests_of_multilayer_coated_optics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":44839032,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":44839032,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_44839032" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="32601769" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32601769/_title_Optical_constants_for_hard_x_ray_multilayers_over_the_energy_range_E_35_180_keV_title_"><title>Optical constants for hard x-ray multilayers over the energy range E = 35 - 180 keV</title></a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="63364169" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/JasonKoglin">Jason Koglin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\u003ctitle\u003eOptical constants for hard x-ray multilayers over the energy range E = 35 - 180 keV\u003c/title\u003e","attachmentId":52776061,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32601769/_title_Optical_constants_for_hard_x_ray_multilayers_over_the_energy_range_E_35_180_keV_title_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32601769/_title_Optical_constants_for_hard_x_ray_multilayers_over_the_energy_range_E_35_180_keV_title_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="34122409" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34122409/Grazing_incidence_mirror_e_er_J2s_n_I_AD_Sample_n_1_%C3%A1_1_Multila_er_mirror_Beam_conditioning_multilayer_optics_for_laboratory_X_ray_sources">Grazing incidence mirror e<er=J2s n I AD Sample n = 1-á - 1 Multila er mirror Beam conditioning multilayer optics for laboratory X-ray sources</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66965913" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YuriyPlatonov">Yuriy Platonov</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Grazing incidence mirror e\u003cer=J2s n I AD Sample n = 1-á - 1 Multila er mirror Beam conditioning multilayer optics for laboratory X-ray sources","attachmentId":54051628,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34122409/Grazing_incidence_mirror_e_er_J2s_n_I_AD_Sample_n_1_%C3%A1_1_Multila_er_mirror_Beam_conditioning_multilayer_optics_for_laboratory_X_ray_sources","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34122409/Grazing_incidence_mirror_e_er_J2s_n_I_AD_Sample_n_1_%C3%A1_1_Multila_er_mirror_Beam_conditioning_multilayer_optics_for_laboratory_X_ray_sources"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="32601791" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32601791/Development_of_precision_hard_X_ray_multilayer_optics">Development of precision hard X-ray multilayer optics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="63364169" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/JasonKoglin">Jason Koglin</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of precision hard X-ray multilayer optics","attachmentId":52776070,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32601791/Development_of_precision_hard_X_ray_multilayer_optics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32601791/Development_of_precision_hard_X_ray_multilayer_optics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="92158975" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92158975/Special_issue_16th_International_Conference_on_X_Ray_Optics_and_Microanalysis_Vienna_Austria_July_2001_Preface">Special issue - 16th International Conference on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis - Vienna, Austria - July 2001 - Preface</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33404487" href="https://akbild.academia.edu/ManfredSchreiner">Manfred Schreiner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Special issue - 16th International Conference on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis - Vienna, Austria - July 2001 - Preface","attachmentId":95242835,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92158975/Special_issue_16th_International_Conference_on_X_Ray_Optics_and_Microanalysis_Vienna_Austria_July_2001_Preface","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92158975/Special_issue_16th_International_Conference_on_X_Ray_Optics_and_Microanalysis_Vienna_Austria_July_2001_Preface"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="116316858" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116316858/X_Ray_Optics_for_Astronomy_Telescopes_Multilayers_Spectrometers_and_Missions">X-Ray Optics for Astronomy: Telescopes, Multilayers, Spectrometers, and Missions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="239611853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardHoover7">Richard Hoover</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">X Ray Optics For Astronomy Telescopes Multilayers Spectrometers and Missions, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"X-Ray Optics for Astronomy: Telescopes, Multilayers, Spectrometers, and Missions","attachmentId":112482005,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116316858/X_Ray_Optics_for_Astronomy_Telescopes_Multilayers_Spectrometers_and_Missions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116316858/X_Ray_Optics_for_Astronomy_Telescopes_Multilayers_Spectrometers_and_Missions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="100020248" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100020248/Beryllium_based_multilayer_X_ray_optics">Beryllium-based multilayer X-ray optics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="229502176" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NChkhalo">Nikolai Chkhalo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Physics-Uspekhi, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Beryllium-based multilayer X-ray optics","attachmentId":100956222,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100020248/Beryllium_based_multilayer_X_ray_optics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100020248/Beryllium_based_multilayer_X_ray_optics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="20209425" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20209425/Advanced_X_ray_diffractive_optics">Advanced X-ray diffractive optics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54011089" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GTzvetkov">G. Tzvetkov</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41390463" href="https://uni-erlangen.academia.edu/RainerFink">Rainer Fink</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Advanced X-ray diffractive optics","attachmentId":41232783,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20209425/Advanced_X_ray_diffractive_optics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20209425/Advanced_X_ray_diffractive_optics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="16112166" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16112166/X_Ray_and_Neutron_Optical_Systems">X-Ray and Neutron Optical Systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35231347" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasKrist">Thomas Krist</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35284138" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MouradIdir">Mourad Idir</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Springer Series in optical science, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"X-Ray and Neutron Optical Systems","attachmentId":42745728,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16112166/X_Ray_and_Neutron_Optical_Systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16112166/X_Ray_and_Neutron_Optical_Systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="116316855" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116316855/Multilayer_and_Grazing_Incidence_X_Ray_EUV_Optics_II_Proceedings_Volume_">Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics II (Proceedings Volume)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="239611853" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardHoover7">Richard Hoover</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-Ray/EUV Optics II (Proceedings Volume)","attachmentId":112482006,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116316855/Multilayer_and_Grazing_Incidence_X_Ray_EUV_Optics_II_Proceedings_Volume_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116316855/Multilayer_and_Grazing_Incidence_X_Ray_EUV_Optics_II_Proceedings_Volume_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="22310550" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22310550/_title_X_ray_multilayer_coatings_for_use_at_energies_above_100_keV_title_"><title>X-ray multilayer coatings for use at energies above 100 keV</title></a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43632912" href="https://utk.academia.edu/RamkiKalyanaraman">Ramki Kalyanaraman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">X-Ray Optics, Instruments, and Missions III, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\u003ctitle\u003eX-ray multilayer coatings for use at energies above 100 keV\u003c/title\u003e","attachmentId":42950295,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22310550/_title_X_ray_multilayer_coatings_for_use_at_energies_above_100_keV_title_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22310550/_title_X_ray_multilayer_coatings_for_use_at_energies_above_100_keV_title_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="65776550" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65776550/DarpanX_A_python_package_for_modeling_X_ray_reflectivity_of_multilayer_mirrors">DarpanX: A python package for modeling X-ray reflectivity of multilayer mirrors</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2913060" href="https://tifr.academia.edu/VinitaNavalkar">Vinita Navalkar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Astron. Comput., 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"DarpanX: A python package for modeling X-ray reflectivity of multilayer mirrors","attachmentId":77226471,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65776550/DarpanX_A_python_package_for_modeling_X_ray_reflectivity_of_multilayer_mirrors","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65776550/DarpanX_A_python_package_for_modeling_X_ray_reflectivity_of_multilayer_mirrors"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="104706890" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104706890/Design_of_a_normal_incidence_multilayer_imaging_X_ray_microscope">Design of a normal incidence multilayer imaging X-ray microscope</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61215238" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShealyD">D. Shealy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology, 1989</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Design of a normal incidence multilayer imaging X-ray microscope","attachmentId":104363884,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104706890/Design_of_a_normal_incidence_multilayer_imaging_X_ray_microscope","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104706890/Design_of_a_normal_incidence_multilayer_imaging_X_ray_microscope"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="9646410" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9646410/The_effect_of_growth_defects_on_the_X_ray_reflectivity_of_multilayer_systems">The effect of growth defects on the X-ray reflectivity of multilayer systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23012100" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TCHANDRASEKHARRAO">T CHANDRASEKHAR RAO</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Surface Science, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The effect of growth defects on the X-ray reflectivity of multilayer systems","attachmentId":47691089,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9646410/The_effect_of_growth_defects_on_the_X_ray_reflectivity_of_multilayer_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9646410/The_effect_of_growth_defects_on_the_X_ray_reflectivity_of_multilayer_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="24954606" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24954606/Status_and_limitations_of_multilayer_X_ray_interference_structures">Status and limitations of multilayer X-ray interference structures</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32906714" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeffreyKortright">Jeffrey Kortright</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Status and limitations of multilayer X-ray interference structures","attachmentId":45285759,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24954606/Status_and_limitations_of_multilayer_X_ray_interference_structures","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24954606/Status_and_limitations_of_multilayer_X_ray_interference_structures"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="26344790" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26344790/X_ray_optics_at_the_Russian_academy_of_Sciences_institute_of_high_purity_materials">X-ray optics at the Russian academy of Sciences’ institute of high-purity materials</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50272184" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DIrzhak">D. Irzhak</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"X-ray optics at the Russian academy of Sciences’ institute of high-purity materials","attachmentId":46653130,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26344790/X_ray_optics_at_the_Russian_academy_of_Sciences_institute_of_high_purity_materials","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26344790/X_ray_optics_at_the_Russian_academy_of_Sciences_institute_of_high_purity_materials"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="16199125" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16199125/NEW_TRENDS_IN_SPACE_X_RAY_OPTICS">NEW TRENDS IN SPACE X-RAY OPTICS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35358280" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MSkulinov%C3%A1">M. Skulinová</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35308528" href="https://cvut.academia.edu/LadislavPina">Ladislav Pina</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"NEW TRENDS IN SPACE X-RAY OPTICS","attachmentId":42639076,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16199125/NEW_TRENDS_IN_SPACE_X_RAY_OPTICS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16199125/NEW_TRENDS_IN_SPACE_X_RAY_OPTICS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="100020247" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100020247/Diffraction_limited_X_ray_optics_technology_metrology_applications">Diffraction limited X-ray optics: technology, metrology, applications</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="229502176" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NChkhalo">Nikolai Chkhalo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Physics-Uspekhi, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Diffraction limited X-ray optics: technology, metrology, applications","attachmentId":100956221,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100020247/Diffraction_limited_X_ray_optics_technology_metrology_applications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100020247/Diffraction_limited_X_ray_optics_technology_metrology_applications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="47214707" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47214707/Fabrication_and_Evaluation_of_Transmissive_Multilayer_Optics_for_8keVX_Rays">Fabrication and Evaluation of Transmissive Multilayer Optics for 8keVX Rays</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1053498" href="https://torun-pl.academia.edu/DanielMakowiecki">Daniel Makowiecki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">MRS Proceedings, 1987</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fabrication and Evaluation of Transmissive Multilayer Optics for 8keVX Rays","attachmentId":66426247,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47214707/Fabrication_and_Evaluation_of_Transmissive_Multilayer_Optics_for_8keVX_Rays","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47214707/Fabrication_and_Evaluation_of_Transmissive_Multilayer_Optics_for_8keVX_Rays"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="14245725" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14245725/On_the_X_ray_transmission_properties_of_multilayer_windows">On the X-ray transmission properties of multilayer windows</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33215613" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GerhardUlm">Gerhard Ulm</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the X-ray transmission properties of multilayer windows","attachmentId":44409766,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14245725/On_the_X_ray_transmission_properties_of_multilayer_windows","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14245725/On_the_X_ray_transmission_properties_of_multilayer_windows"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="50392132" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50392132/X_ray_imaging_with_off_axis_Bragg_Fresnel_multilayer_lenses">X-ray imaging with off-axis Bragg Fresnel multilayer lenses</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44076387" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PierreDhez">Pierre Dhez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Le Journal de Physique IV, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"X-ray imaging with off-axis Bragg Fresnel multilayer lenses","attachmentId":68399066,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50392132/X_ray_imaging_with_off_axis_Bragg_Fresnel_multilayer_lenses","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50392132/X_ray_imaging_with_off_axis_Bragg_Fresnel_multilayer_lenses"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="49788742" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49788742/Metallic_multilayers_New_possibilities_in_X_UV_optics">Metallic multilayers: New possibilities in X-UV optics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44076387" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PierreDhez">Pierre Dhez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Advances in Space Research, 1982</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Metallic multilayers: New possibilities in X-UV optics","attachmentId":68020957,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49788742/Metallic_multilayers_New_possibilities_in_X_UV_optics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49788742/Metallic_multilayers_New_possibilities_in_X_UV_optics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="79811640" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79811640/W_SiC_X_Ray_Multilayers_Optimized_for_Use_Above_100_KeV">W/SiC X-Ray Multilayers Optimized for Use Above 100 KeV</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42945619" href="https://independent.academia.edu/zieglereric">eric ziegler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Optics, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"W/SiC X-Ray Multilayers Optimized for Use Above 100 KeV","attachmentId":86400461,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79811640/W_SiC_X_Ray_Multilayers_Optimized_for_Use_Above_100_KeV","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79811640/W_SiC_X_Ray_Multilayers_Optimized_for_Use_Above_100_KeV"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="22" data-entity-id="90842844" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90842844/State_of_the_art_Thin_Film_X_ray_Optics_for_Conventional_Synchrotrons_and_FEL_Sources">State-of-the-art Thin Film X-ray Optics for Conventional Synchrotrons and FEL Sources</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="245531101" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasSeifert6">Andreas Seifert</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AIP Conference Proceedings, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"State-of-the-art Thin Film X-ray Optics for Conventional Synchrotrons and FEL Sources","attachmentId":94293880,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90842844/State_of_the_art_Thin_Film_X_ray_Optics_for_Conventional_Synchrotrons_and_FEL_Sources","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90842844/State_of_the_art_Thin_Film_X_ray_Optics_for_Conventional_Synchrotrons_and_FEL_Sources"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="23" data-entity-id="51315815" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51315815/Metallic_Multilayers_Mirrors_New_Possibilities_for_Soft_X_Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy">Metallic Multilayers Mirrors : New Possibilities for Soft X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44076387" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PierreDhez">Pierre Dhez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Le Journal de Physique Colloques, 1984</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Metallic Multilayers Mirrors : New Possibilities for Soft X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy","attachmentId":69088921,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51315815/Metallic_Multilayers_Mirrors_New_Possibilities_for_Soft_X_Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51315815/Metallic_Multilayers_Mirrors_New_Possibilities_for_Soft_X_Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="24" data-entity-id="26570039" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26570039/Preliminary_synchrotron_radiation_characterization_of_first_multilayer_mirrors_for_the_soft_X_ray_water_window">Preliminary synchrotron radiation characterization of first multilayer mirrors for the soft X-ray water window</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27011156" href="https://unipd.academia.edu/AlessandroPatelli">Alessandro Patelli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Preliminary synchrotron radiation characterization of first multilayer mirrors for the soft X-ray water window","attachmentId":46861630,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26570039/Preliminary_synchrotron_radiation_characterization_of_first_multilayer_mirrors_for_the_soft_X_ray_water_window","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26570039/Preliminary_synchrotron_radiation_characterization_of_first_multilayer_mirrors_for_the_soft_X_ray_water_window"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="29617" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synchrotron_Radiation">Synchrotron Radiation</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="33441" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macromolecular_X-Ray_Crystallography">Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallogr...</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="56001" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_Rays">X Rays</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="246758" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Conductivity">Thermal Conductivity</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="263152" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics">Optical physics</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="284873" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-Ray_Optics">X-Ray Optics</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="309086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Resolution">High Resolution</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="548472" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics_and_Photonics">Optics and Photonics</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="653665" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_Conformation">Protein Conformation</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>